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http://math.fullerton.edu/mathews/n2003/newtoncotes/NewtonCotesMod/Links/NewtonCotesMod_lnk_3.html | 1,369,548,348,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368706635063/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516121715-00009-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 166,630,418 | 2,098 | Example 2. Consider the integration of the function over the fixed interval . Apply the various formulas (4) through (7).
Trapezoidal Rule Simpson’s Rule
Simpson’s 3/8 Rule Boole’s Rule
Solution 2.
``````
```
```
For the trapezoidal rule using we compute:
Using (8) the Trapezoidal Rule:
Mathematica's Computation is:
``````
```
```
For Simpson’s rule using we compute:
Using (9) Simpson’s Rule:
Mathematica's Computation is:
``````
```
```
For Simpson’s rule using we compute:
Using (10) Simpson’s Rule:
Mathematica's Computation is:
``````
```
```
For Boole’s rule using we compute:
Using (11) Boole’s Rule:
Mathematica's Computation is:
``````
```
```
The true value of the definite integral is
``````
```
```
We see that the approximation 1.30859 from Boole’s rule is best. The area under each of the Lagrange polynomials , , , and are shown in the figures for this example.
(c) John H. Mathews 2004 | 289 | 1,048 | {"found_math": false, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 2.953125 | 3 | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | latest | en | 0.611736 |
https://tbc-python.fossee.in/convert-notebook/modern_physics_by_Satish_K._Gupta/chap12_1.ipynb | 1,590,774,535,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-24/segments/1590347405558.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20200529152159-20200529182159-00407.warc.gz | 551,724,657 | 40,432 | # Chapter 12 Motion of charged particle¶
## Example 12.1 Page no 379¶
In [7]:
#Given
m=1.6*10**-27 #Kg
e=1.6*10**-19
Ey=2*10**4 #V/m
x=0.1 #m
vx=5*10**6 #m/s
#Calculation
t=x/vx
Fy=e*Ey
a=Fy/m
y=a*t**2/2.0
#Result
print"Transverse deflection is", y*10**3,"mm"
Transverse deflection is 0.4 mm
## Example 12.2 Page no 379¶
In [11]:
#Given
n=8*10**28 #/m**2
l=1 #m
A=8*10**-6 #m**2
B=5*10**-3 #T
F=8*10**-2 #N
e=1.6*10**-19 #C
#Calculation
vd=F/(B*n*A*l*e)
#Result
print"Drift velocity is", vd*10**4,"*10**-4 m/s"
Drift velocity is 1.5625 *10**-4 m/s
## Example 12.3 Page no 379¶
In [14]:
#Given
q=1.6*10**-19 #C
v=10**7 #m/s
B=3 #T
#Calculation
F=q*v*B
#Result
print"Instantaneous force is", F,"N"
Instantaneous force is 4.8e-12 N
## Example 12.4 Page no 379¶
In [6]:
#Given
I=2 #A
a=0.1 #m
u=10**-7
q=1.6*10**-19
v=4*10**4 #m/s
#Calculation
import math
B=(u*2*I)/a
F=B*q*v
#Result
print"Force of magnetic field is", F,"N"
Force of magnetic field is 2.56e-20 N
## Example 12.6 Page no 380¶
In [10]:
#Given
v=10**5 #m/s
e=1.6*10**-19 #C
m=9.1*10**-31 #Kg
B=0.019*10**-4 #T
#Calculation
r=m*v/(B*e)
#Result
print"Radius of the circular path is", round(r,3),"m"
Radius of the circular path is 0.299 m
## Example 12.7 Page no 380¶
In [16]:
#Given
e=1.6*10**-19
m=9*10**-31 #Kg
T=10**-6 #S
#Calculation
import math
B=2*math.pi*m/(e*T)
#Result
print"Magnetic field is", round(B*10**5,3)*10**-5 ,"T"
Magnetic field is 3.534e-05 T
## Example 12.9 Page no 381¶
In [25]:
#Given
m=1.67*10**-27 #Kg
e=1.60*10**-19
V=10**7 #Hz
R=0.6 #m
#Calculation
import math
B=2*math.pi*m*V/e
Emax=(B**2*e**2*R**2/(2*m))/1.6*10**13
#Result
print"Kinetic energy of the proton is",round(Emax,3),"Mev"
Kinetic energy of the proton is 7.417 Mev
## Example 12.10 Page no 381¶
In [29]:
#Given
I=5 #A
l=0.1 #m
m=3*10**-3
g=9.8
a=0.5
#Calculation
w=m*g*l
B=w/a
#Result
print"Magnitude of the magnetic field is", B*10**3,"*10**-3 tesla"
Magnitude of the magnetic field is 5.88 *10**-3 tesla
## Example 12.11 Page no 381¶
In [33]:
#given
I1=4 #A
I2=6
r=0.03 #m
u=10**-7
#Calculation
F=u*2*I1*I2/r
#Result
print"Force per unit length is", F*10**4,"*10**-4 N/m"
Force per unit length is 1.6 *10**-4 N/m
## Example 12.12 Page no 381¶
In [38]:
#Given
I1=5 #A
I2=12
r=0.4 #m
u=10**-7
#Calculation
F=u*2*I1*I2/r
F1=u*2*I1*I2/r
#Result
print"(i) Force when current flows in same direction is", F,"N/m"
print"(ii) Force when current flows in opposite direction is",F1,"N/m"
(i) Force when current flows in same direction is 3e-05 N/m
(ii) Force when current flows in opposite direction is 3e-05 N/m
## Example 12.13 Page no 381¶
In [40]:
#Given
I1=300 #A
r=1.5*10**-2 #m
u=10**-7
#Calculation
F=u*2*I1*I1/r
#Result
print"Force per unit length is",F,"N/m"
Force per unit length is 1.2 N/m
## Example 12.14 Page no 381¶
In [44]:
#Given
I=10 #A
n=100
A=8*10**-2 #m**2
B=5 #T
#Calculation
import math
t=n*B*I*A*math.cos(60*3.14/180.0)
#Result
print"Torque is", round(t,0),"Nm"
Torque is 200.0 Nm
## Example 12.15 Page no 381¶
In [50]:
#Given
n=30
I=6 #A
B=1 #T
r=8*10**-2 #m
#Calculation
import math
A=math.pi*r**2
t=n*B*I*A*math.sin(60*3.14/180.0)
#Result
print"(a) Magnitude of the counter torque is", round(t,3),"Nm"
print"(b) Torque on the planar loop is independent of its shape, the torque will remain unchanged."
(a) Magnitude of the counter torque is 3.133 Nm
(b) Torque on the planar loop is independent of its shape, the torque will remain unchanged.
## Example 12.16 Page no 382¶
In [62]:
#Given
B=100*10**-4 #T
I=10 #A
l=44
#Calculation
import math
r=l/(2.0*math.pi)
A=math.pi*r**2
t=B*I*A
#Result
print"Maximum torque is", round(t*10**-1,2),"*10**-3 Nm"
Maximum torque is 1.54 *10**-3 Nm
## Example 12.17 Page no 382¶
In [68]:
#Given
n=20
r=10*10**-2 #m
B=0.10 #T
I=5 #A
n1=10**29 #/m**3
A1=10**-5 #m**2
#Calculation
import math
A=math.pi*r**2
t=n*B*I*A*math.sin(0*3.14/180.0)
F=B*I/(n1*A1)
#Result
print"(a) Total torque on the coil is", t
print"(b) Net force on a planar loop in a magnetic field is always zero"
print"(c) Average force is",F,"N"
(a) Total torque on the coil is 0.0
(b) Net force on a planar loop in a magnetic field is always zero
(c) Average force is 5e-25 N
## Example 12.18 Page no 382¶
In [70]:
#Given
A=5*10**-4 #m**2
n=60
a=18 #degree
B=90*10**-4 #T
I=0.20*10**-3 #A
#calculation
k=n*B*I*A/a
#Result
print"Torsional constant is",k,"N m per degree"
Torsional constant is 3e-09 N m per degree
## Example 12.21 Page no 383¶
In [74]:
#Given
G=15 #ohm
Ig=2*10**-3 #A
I=5 #A
#Calculation
S=Ig*G/(I-Ig)
#Result
print"Shunt resistance is",round(S,3),"Ohm"
Shunt resistance is 0.006 Ohm
## Example 12.22 Page no 383¶
In [79]:
#Given
V=50*10**-3 #V
G=100.0 #ohm
#Calculation
Ig=V/G
S=Ig*G/(I-Ig)
#Result
print"Shunt resistance is", round(S,2),"ohm"
Shunt resistance is 0.01 ohm
## Example 12.23 Page no 383¶
In [80]:
#Given
G=100 #ohm
Ig=5*10**-3 #A
I=5 #A
#Calculation
S=Ig*G/(I-Ig)
#Result
print"Shunt resistance is",S
Shunt resistance is 0.1001001001
## Example 12.24 Page no 383¶
In [88]:
#Given
G=5 #ohm
Ig=15.0*10**-3 #A
I=1.5
V=1.5 #V
#Calculation
S=Ig*G/(I-Ig)
R=(V/Ig)-G
#Result
print"(a) To enable galvanometer to read 1.5 A is", round(S,2),"ohm"
print"(b) To enable galvanometer to read 1.5 V is",R,"ohm"
(a) To enable galvanometer to read 1.5 A is 0.05 ohm
(b) To enable galvanometer to read 1.5 V is 95.0 ohm
## Example 12.25 Page no 383¶
In [95]:
#Given
G=10 #ohm
Ig=25.0*10**-3 #A
V=120 #V
I=20 #A
#Calculation
R=(V/Ig)-G
S=Ig*G/(I-Ig)
#Result
print"(a) To convert the galvanometer into the voltmeter reading is" ,R,"ohm"
print"(b) To convert the galvanometer into the ammeter reading is",round(S,4),"ohm"
(a) To convert the galvanometer into the voltmeter reading is 4790.0 ohm
(b) To convert the galvanometer into the ammeter reading is 0.0125 ohm
## Example 12.26 Page no 383¶
In [98]:
#Given
E=3 #v
R=55 #ohm
Ra=1
I=50*10**-3 #A
#Calculation
r=(E/I)-(R+Ra)
#Result
print"Value of r is", r,"ohm"
Value of r is 4.0 ohm
## Example 12.27 Page no 384¶
In [108]:
#Given
E=60 #V
R1=400 #ohm
R2=300
V1=30.0
a=120000
#Calculation
Rv=(-V1*a)/(V1*(R1+R2)-E*R1)
R=Rv*R2/(Rv+R2)
I1=E/(R+R1)
V=I1*R
#Result
Voltmeter reads 22.5 V
## Example 12.28 Page no 384¶
In [122]:
#Given
Rv=400.0
E=84 #V
r=100.0
r1=200
#Calculation
R=1/(1/Rv+1/100.0)
R1=R+200
I=E/R1
I1=I/5.0
V=I1*Rv
R2=r+r1
I2=E/R2
V2=I2*r
#Result
print"(a) Reading on voltmeter is", V,"V"
print"(b) Potential difference is",V2,"V"
(a) Reading on voltmeter is 24.0 V
(b) Potential difference is 28.0 V
## Example 12.29 Page no 385¶
In [131]:
#Given
E=120 #v
Rv=10**4 #ohm
a=4.0
#Calculation
x=(Rv*(E-a))/a
#Result
print"Large resistance is", x*10**-3,"K ohm"
Large resistance is 290.0 K ohm
## Example 12.30 Page no 385¶
In [127]:
#Given
B=0.75 #T
E=9*10**5 #V/m
V=15*10**3
#Calculation
v=E/B
a=v**2/(2.0*V)
#Result
print"The value of e/m is", a*10**-7,"*10**7 C/Kg"
The value of e/m is 4.8 *10**7 C/Kg
## Example 12.31 Page no 385¶
In [153]:
#Given
m=9.11*10**-31 #Kg
e=1.60*10**-19 #C
B=0.40*10**-4 #T
a=18*1.6*10**-16
PQ=0.30
a2=1.52 #degree
#calculation
import math
r=math.sqrt(2*m*a)/(B*e)
a1=(PQ/r)
PA=r*(1-math.cos(a2*3.14/180.0))
#Result
print"up and down deflection of the beam is", round(PA*10**3,0),"mm"
up and down deflection of the beam is 4.0 mm
## Example 12.32 Page no 386¶
In [161]:
#Given
m=60*10**-3
g=9.8
I=5
l=0.45
#Calculation
B=m*g/(I*l)
T=2*m*g
#Result
print"(i) Magnetic field is", round(B,3),"T"
print"(ii) Total tension in the wire is",T,"N"
(i) Magnetic field is 0.261 T
(ii) Total tension in the wire is 1.176 N
## Example 12.33 Page no 386¶
In [165]:
#Given
B=0.15 #T
m=0.30 #Kg/m
a=30 #degree
g=9.8 #m/s**2
#Calculation
import math
I=m*g*math.tan(a*3.14/180.0)/B
#Result
print"Value of current is", round(I,2),"A"
Value of current is 11.31 A
## Example 12.34 Page no 386¶
In [171]:
#Given
I1=4 #A
I2=3
r=3.0*10**-2 #m
u=10**-7
l=5*10**-2
#Calculation
F=u*2*I1*I2/r
F1=F*l
#Result
print"Total force is", F1,"N (attractive force)"
Total force is 4e-06 N (attractive force)
## Example 12.35 Page no 386¶
In [182]:
#Given
AB=25*10**-2 #m
BC=10*10**-2
r1=2.0*10**-2 #m
I1=15 #A
I2=25 #A
u=10**-7
#Calculation
r2=BC+r1
F1=u*2*I1*I2*AB/r1
F2=u*2*I1*I2*AB/r2
F=F1-F2
#Result
print"Net force on the loop is", F*10**4,"*10**-4 N (towards XY)"
Net force on the loop is 7.8125 *10**-4 N (towards XY)
## Example 12.36 Page no 387¶
In [186]:
#Given
M=30*10**-3 #Kg
g=9.8 #m/s**2
l=0.5 #m
r=10**-2
u=10**-7
#Calculation
import math
I=math.sqrt((M*g*r)/(u*2*l))
#Result
print"Value of current is", round(I,2),"A"
Value of current is 171.46 A
## Example 12.37 Page no 387¶
In [197]:
#Given
n=900
l=0.6
u=10**-7
l2=0.02 #m
l1=6
m=2.5*10**-3 #Kg
g=9.8
#Calculation
import math
n1=n/l
B=4*math.pi*n1
F=B*l1*l2
I=m*g/F
#Result
print"Current in the winding of the secondary is", round(I*10**7,1),"A"
Current in the winding of the secondary is 108.3 A
## Example 12.38 Page no 387¶
In [204]:
#Given
A=1.6*10**-3 #m**2
n=200
B=0.2 #T
a=30 #degree
K=10**-6 #N m /degree
a1=0.1
#Calculation
Imax=K*a/(n*B*A)
Imin=K*a1/(n*B*A)
#Result
print"(i) Minimum current is",round(Imax*10**4,2),"*10**-4 A"
print"(ii) Smallest current that can be detected is",Imin,"A"
(i) Minimum current is 4.69 *10**-4 A
(ii) Smallest current that can be detected is 1.5625e-06 A
## Example 12.39 Page no 388¶
In [212]:
#Given
R=5000.0 #ohm/V
V=5
V1=20.0
#Calculation
Ig=1/R
G=V/Ig
R1=(V1/Ig)-G
Rn=R1+G
Rv=Rn/V1
#Result
print"New voltmeter will be still graded as", Rv,"ohm/V"
New voltmeter will be still graded as 5000.0 ohm/V
## Example 12.40 Page no 388¶
In [215]:
#Given
V1=100 #V
Rv=400.0
#Calculation
I1=V1/Rv
V=I1*20
V2=V1+V
V3=V2-V1
#Result
print"Error in the reading of the voltmeter is",V3,"V"
Error in the reading of the voltmeter is 5.0 V | 4,599 | 12,516 | {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 1, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 3.875 | 4 | CC-MAIN-2020-24 | latest | en | 0.470284 |
https://numbermatics.com/n/22705711032602/ | 1,679,606,999,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296945183.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20230323194025-20230323224025-00192.warc.gz | 492,403,676 | 6,464 | # 22705711032602
## 22,705,711,032,602 is an even composite number composed of four prime numbers multiplied together.
What does the number 22705711032602 look like?
This visualization shows the relationship between its 4 prime factors (large circles) and 16 divisors.
22705711032602 is an even composite number. It is composed of four distinct prime numbers multiplied together. It has a total of sixteen divisors.
## Prime factorization of 22705711032602:
### 2 × 13 × 37 × 23602610221
See below for interesting mathematical facts about the number 22705711032602 from the Numbermatics database.
### Names of 22705711032602
• Cardinal: 22705711032602 can be written as Twenty-two trillion, seven hundred five billion, seven hundred eleven million, thirty-two thousand, six hundred two.
### Scientific notation
• Scientific notation: 2.2705711032602 × 1013
### Factors of 22705711032602
• Number of distinct prime factors ω(n): 4
• Total number of prime factors Ω(n): 4
• Sum of prime factors: 23602610273
### Divisors of 22705711032602
• Number of divisors d(n): 16
• Complete list of divisors:
• Sum of all divisors σ(n): 37669765914312
• Sum of proper divisors (its aliquot sum) s(n): 14964054881710
• 22705711032602 is a deficient number, because the sum of its proper divisors (14964054881710) is less than itself. Its deficiency is 7741656150892
### Bases of 22705711032602
• Binary: 1010010100110100101011101011100101001000110102
• Base-36: 81QUY3RQ2
### Squares and roots of 22705711032602
• 22705711032602 squared (227057110326022) is 515549313496024181106890404
• 22705711032602 cubed (227057110326023) is 11705913735297063423822093974344084951208
• The square root of 22705711032602 is 4765051.0000001047
• The cube root of 22705711032602 is 28316.8562078969
### Scales and comparisons
How big is 22705711032602?
• 22,705,711,032,602 seconds is equal to 721,971 years, 19 weeks, 4 days, 9 hours, 30 minutes, 2 seconds.
• To count from 1 to 22,705,711,032,602 would take you about one million, eight hundred four thousand, nine hundred twenty-eight years!
This is a very rough estimate, based on a speaking rate of half a second every third order of magnitude. If you speak quickly, you could probably say any randomly-chosen number between one and a thousand in around half a second. Very big numbers obviously take longer to say, so we add half a second for every extra x1000. (We do not count involuntary pauses, bathroom breaks or the necessity of sleep in our calculation!)
• A cube with a volume of 22705711032602 cubic inches would be around 2359.7 feet tall.
### Recreational maths with 22705711032602
• 22705711032602 backwards is 20623011750722
• The number of decimal digits it has is: 14
• The sum of 22705711032602's digits is 38
• More coming soon!
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The information we have on file for 22705711032602 includes mathematical data and numerical statistics calculated using standard algorithms and methods. We are adding more all the time. If there are any features you would like to see, please contact us. Information provided for educational use, intellectual curiosity and fun!
Keywords: Divisors of 22705711032602, math, Factors of 22705711032602, curriculum, school, college, exams, university, Prime factorization of 22705711032602, STEM, science, technology, engineering, physics, economics, calculator, twenty-two trillion, seven hundred five billion, seven hundred eleven million, thirty-two thousand, six hundred two.
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Some bits of this website may not work unless you switch it on. | 1,087 | 3,983 | {"found_math": false, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 3.203125 | 3 | CC-MAIN-2023-14 | latest | en | 0.760571 |
https://www.solve-mcqs.com/2019/03/physics-mcqs-10th-class-punjab-board.html | 1,585,759,178,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-16/segments/1585370505826.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20200401161832-20200401191832-00492.warc.gz | 1,149,645,906 | 32,546 | Friday, 1 March 2019
# Physics MCQs 10th Class Punjab Board Objective Type Questions With Answers
Solved MCQs Physics Chapter wise all Pakistan Punjab Board exams. These MCQs are very helpful for the final year exams of the Physics. In this section you will study all of the MCQs of the Physics for the Board exams tests. Physics MCQs for the NTS, PPSC and other important MCQs.
10th Physics MCQs
## 10th Class Physics Chapter 1 Simple Harmonic Motion and Waves
Question 1: The distance between two consecutive crests or troughs is called ?
1. Frequency
2. Wavelength
3. Amplitude
4. Time period
B
Question 2: The wavelength of a wave passing through a medium is 0.1m. If wave speed is 2ms⁻¹, then the wave frequency is ?
1. 20 Hz
2. 100 Hz
3. 10 Hz
4. 5 Hz
A
Question 3: The time period of time period is equal to ?
1. T=1/2 π √k/m
2. T=1/2 π √m/k
3. T=2 π √m/k
4. T=2 π √k/m
C
Question 4: The relation between the frequency, speed and wavelength of a wave is represented by ?
1. v= f λ
2. f= v λ
3. v= 1/f λ
4. f= 1/v λ
A
Question 5: The apparatus used to study the properties of waves is known as ?
1. Stroboscope
2. Oscillator
3. Ripple Tank
4. Simple pendulum
C
Question 6: The maximum distance of a vibrating body between the mean position and extreme position is known as ?
1. Amplitude
2. Equilibrium
3. Maximum distance
4. Displacement
A
Question 7: Radio waves, television waves, heat and light waves are examples of ?
1. Mechanical Waves
2. Electromagnetic Waves
3. Stationary Waves
4. Longitudinal Waves
B
Question 8: The acceleration of a body executing SHM is directly proportional to its ?
1. Frequency
2. Wavelength
3. Time period
4. displacement
D
Question 9: Mathematically spring constant is given by the equation ?
1. k = a/Fext
2. k = m/Fext
3. k =Fext/x
4. k = x/Fext
C
Question 10: The time period of simple pendulum does not depend upon its ?
1. Mean Position
2. Amplitude
3. Length
4. Mass
D
Question 11: A body of mass 0.5 kg is attached to a spring placed on a horizontal frictionless surface. If the spring constant of this spring is 8 Nm⁻¹, then its time period will be ?
1. 1.57 s
2. 0.57 s
3. 0
4. 2.57 s
A
Question 12: The reciprocal of time period is equal to ?
1. Amplitude
2. Frequency
3. wavelength
4. Displacement
B
## 10th Class Physics Chapter 2 Sound
Question 1: The intensity of fasting audible sound is ?
1. 10⁻¹ Wm⁻²
2. 10⁻¹² Wm⁻²
3. 10⁻¹⁰ Wm⁻²
4. 1 W⁻²
B
Question 2: In stationary waves, the distance between a node and the next anti-node is equal to ?
1. 1/3 rd of wavelength
2. 1/4 th of wavelength
3. 1/2 wavelength
4. One wavelength
B
Question 3: 1 bel is equal to ?
1. 10⁻² decibel
2. 100 decibel
3. 10 decibel
4. 10⁻¹ decibel
C
Question 4: The SI unit of sound level is ?
1. Decibel
2. Watt
3. Bel
4. Wm⁻²
A
Question 5: Sound is always produced by ?
1. Moving bodies
2. Vibrating bodies
3. Circulating bodies
4. Bodies at rest
B
Question 6: If ‘f’ is the frequency of tuning fork and ‘l’ is the length of resonating air column, then we can find the velocity of sound by the equation ?
1. v=4fl
2. v=2fl
3. v= f/l
4. v=1/4fl
A
Question 7: The SI unit of intensity of sound is ?
1. Wm⁻¹
2. Wm⁻²
3. 1 dB
4. 10 dB
B
Question 8: Sound cannot travel through ?
1. Solids
2. Gases
3. Vacuum
4. Liquids
C
Question 9: If the area of the vibrating body is large, the sound produced will be ?
1. Faintest
2. Loud
3. Weak
4. High
B
Question 10: The speed of sound is ?
1. 240 ms⁻¹
2. 440 ms⁻¹
3. 540 ms⁻¹
4. 340 ms⁻¹
D
Question 11: Sound waves are:
1. Transverse waves
2. Electromagnetic Waves
3. Compressional Waves
4. Stationary Waves
C
Question 12: The average human audible frequency range is ?
1. 200 to 2000 Hz
2. 20 to 20,000 Hz
3. 200 to 20,000 Hz
4. 20 to 2000 Hz
B
## 10th Class Physics Chapter 3 Geometrical Optics
Question 1: The real dept of a swimming pool is 2 m. what is the apparent depth of the pool if the refractive index of water is 1.33 ?
1. 2.0m
2. 1.25m
3. 1.5m
4. 2.5m
C
Question 2: The refractive index of glass w.r.t air is ?
1. 1.48
2. 1.33
3. 1.4
4. 1.5
D
Question 3: If an image is three times of its object, then the magnification is ?
1. 3
2. 2
3. 4
4. 6
A
Question 4: The principle focus of a convex mirror is ?
1. Positive
2. Virtual
3. Real
4. Negative
B
Question 5: The image obtained from a concave lens is always ?
1. Virtual
2. Large
3. Small
4. Real
A
Question 6: Focal length of a concave mirror is taken as ?
1. Half
2. Double
3. Positive
4. Negative
C
Question 7: If ‘R’ is a radius of curvature of a spherical mirror, then its focal length ‘f’ is given by ?
1. f=4f
2. f=R/2
3. f=f/4
4. f=2R
B
Question 8: Rainbow is a solar spectrum produced due to the ?
1. Total internal reflection
2. Refraction
3. Reflection
4. Dispersion
D
Question 9: In case of convex mirror, the image is always ?
1. Real, erect and diminished
2. Real, zig-zag and diminished
3. Virtual and diminished
4. Virtual, erect and diminished
D
Question 10: An optical fiber works on the principle of ?
1. Interference
2. Total internal reflection
3. Diffraction
4. Refraction
B
Question 11: The focal length of a convex lens is taken as ?
1. Negative
2. Shorter
3. Larger
4. Positive
D
Question 12: If focal length of a lens is 1 m, then its power is ?
1. four dioptres
2. One dioptre
3. three dioptre
4. Two dioptres
B
## 10th Class Physics Chapter 4 Electrostatics
Question 1: The distance between two point charges is 20 cm. If the distance is reduced to 10cm, the Coulomb’s force would become ?
1. Four Times
2. One Fourth
3. Half
4. Two Time
A
Question 2: The device used to store electric charge is ?
1. Resistance
2. Ammeter
3. Electroscope
4. Capacitor
D
Question 3: If ‘W’ is the amount of work done in bringing a test charge ‘+q’ from infinity to a certain point in the field, the potential ‘V’ at that point would be given by ?
1. W = q/v
2. V = W/q
3. V = q/W
4. V = qW
B
Question 4: When a positive charge of 2 coulombs is placed at a point in an electric field, it experiences a force of 6 N. The intensity of electric field at this point is ?
1. 12 NC⁻¹
2. 3 NC⁻¹
3. 6 NC⁻¹
4. 3 NC⁺¹
B
Question 5: One electron volt is equal to ?
1. 1.6 x 10⁻¹⁹ J
2. 1.6 x 10⁹ J
3. 1.6 x 10¹⁹ J
4. 1.6 x 10⁻⁹ J
A
Question 6: Like charge ?
1. Repel each other
2. None of these
3. No effect
4. Attract each other
A
Question 7: Two capacitors of 3µF and 6µF capacitance are connected in parallel. Their equivalent capacitance will be ?
1. 12 µ F
2. 9 µ F
3. 3 µF
4. 6 µ F
B
Question 8: Electroscope is used ?
1. For detecting and testing the nature of change
2. Both of these
3. To distinguish between insulators and conductors
4. None Of These
B
Question 9: In SI system, if the medium between the two charges is space or air then in this case the value of ‘k’ will be ?
1. 9 x 10⁻⁹ Nm²C⁻²
2. 9 x 10⁻⁹ Nm²C²
3. 9 x 10⁹ Nm²C⁻²
4. 9 x 10⁻¹⁹ Nm²C²
C
Question 10: Two bodies are oppositely charged with 500µC and 100 µC. If the distance between them in air is 0.5m, then the force between them is ?
1. 900 N
2. 1800 N
3. 2400 N
4. 1200 N
B
Question 11: The IS unit of change is coulomb which is equal to the charge of ?
1. 6.25 x 10¹⁸ electrons
2. 6.25 x 10¹⁵ Protons
3. 6.25 x 10⁻¹⁵ Protons
4. 6.25 x 10⁻¹⁸electrons
A
Question 12: If the distance between two point charges ‘q₁’ and ‘q₂’ is ‘r’, then Coulomb’s law mathematically, can be written as ?
1. F = k q₁q₂/r
2. F = k 2q₁q₂/r²
3. F = k q₁q₂/r²
4. F = k (q₁q₂)²/r²
C
## 10th Class Physics Chapter 5 Current Electricity
Question 1: If two resistances of 6Ω each are connected in parallel combination, then their equivalent resistance will be ?
1. 18Ω
2. 12Ω
D
Question 2: In the series circuit the magnitude of current that follows through each resistor is ?
1. Same
2. Very large
3. Different
4. Very small
A
Question 3: If we increase the length of a wire to four times its original length, what will be its resistance now ?
1. The same
2. Eight times
3. Doubled
4. Four times
C
Question 4: If we increase the temperature of a conductor, its resistance will ?
1. Increase
2. Remain same
3. Decrease
4. None of them
A
Question 5: If 0.5 C charge passes through a certain surface in 10 s, then the current flowing through this surface will be ?
1. 100 mA
2. 10 mA
3. 50 mA
4. 5 mA
C
Question 6: A resistance which is connected with the galvanometer in order to convert it into an ammeter should have ?
1. Low resistance
2. Zero resistance
3. High resistance
4. Very high resistance
A
Question 7: The instrument with which we can detect the presence of current in a circuit is known as ?
1. Voltmeter
2. Amometer
3. Ohm meter
4. Galvanometer
D
Question 8: According to Ohm’s law the relation between V and I is ?
1. V ∞ 1/I
2. V∞ I²
3. V = I
4. V ∞ I
D
Question 9: The energy supplied in driving one coulomb of charge around a complete circuit in which the cell is connected is called ?
1. e.m.f
2. Potential difference
3. Volt
4. Resistance
A
Question 10: The SI unit of electric current is ?
2. Ampere
3. Volt
4. Ohm
B
Question 11: If three resistances of 6Ω each are connected in series combination, what will be the equivalent resistance them ?
1. 12Ω
2. 18Ω
3. 24Ω
B
Question 12: In metals, current flows only due to the flow of ?
1. Neutrons
2. Electrons
3. Free electrons
4. Protons
B
## 10th Class Physics Chapter 6 Electromagnetism
Question 1: Transformer works on the principle of ?
1. Self induction
2. Electrostatics
3. Electromagnetism
4. Mutual induction
D
Question 2: A simple A.C. generator converts ?
1. Electrical energy into mechanical energy
2. Mechanical energy into electrical
3. Mechanical energy into heat
4. Electrical energy into heat
B
Question 3: The force on a conductor is maximum, if the angle between the conductor and magnetic field is ?
1. 30⁰
2. 60⁰
3. 90⁰
4. 0⁰
C
Question 4: The magnetic field pattern of a solenoid with the field pattern of a ?
1. Long wire
2. Point magnet
3. Bar magnet
4. U-shaped magnet
C
Question 5: When current passes through a certain conductor, the filed produced around it is ?
1. Magnetic field
2. Gravitational Filed
3. Electromagnetic
4. Electric filed
A
Question 6: The number of magnetic lines of force passing through any surface is called ?
1. Magnetic fields
2. Magnetic Flux
3. Magnetic potential
4. Magnetic intensity
B
Question 7: If a coil is rotated in a magnetic field, the magnetic flux passing through is would be maximum when its position is ?
1. Parallel to the lines of force
2. Horizontal to the lines of force
3. Perpendicular to the lines of force
4. Opposite to the lines of force
C
Question 8: In d.c. motor split rings are made of ?
1. Wood
2. Carbon
3. Copper
4. Glass
C
Question 9: The lines of magnetic field would be in a form of concentric circles, if the conductor is a ?
1. Cir Circular wire
2. Straight wire
3. Solenoid
4. Elliptical wire
B
Question 10: A.C. generator works on the principle of ?
1. Change of potential difference
2. Change of flux induces zero emf in the coil
3. Change of energy
4. Change of flux induces an emf in the coil
D
Question 11: In induced current will flow through a coil when the magnet and the coil are ?
1. Far away from each other
2. At rest
3. Very close to each other
4. In relative motion
D
Question 12: When a current passes through a straight conductor, the direction of magnetic lines of force can be determined by the ?
1. Left & right hand rule
2. Right hand rule
3. Left hand rule
4. None of these
B
## 10th Class Physics Chapter 7 Basic Electronics
Question 1: The ionization produced by β- Particles in air is less than that of α-rays by ?
1. 1/10 times
2. 1/100 times
3. 1/1000 times
4. 1/10000 times
B
Question 2: If a β- Particles is emitted from an element A/Z X, then the new element would be ?
1. A+4/Z+2 Y
2. A-2/Z-2 Y
3. A/Z-2 Y
4. A/Z+1 Y
D
Question 3: The energy produced from 20kg of carbon if it is completely changed into energy is ?
1. 1.8 x 10²⁰J
2. 1.8 x 10¹⁸J
3. 1.8 x 10⁻²⁰J
4. 1.8 x 10⁻¹⁸J
B
Question 4: The famous Einstein’s mass-energy equation is ?
1. E = 1/2 mc²
2. E = √mc²
3. E = mc²
4. E = mc
C
Question 5: Alpha particles are similar to ?
1. Protons
2. Neutron nucleus
3. Neutrons
4. Helium nuclei
D
Question 6: A nucleon is heavier than an electron by approximately ?
1. 1632 times
2. 1932 times
3. 1732 times
4. 1836 times
D
Question 7: Charge on alpha particles is twice the charge of ?
1. Electrons
2. Neutrons
3. Proton
4. Helium
C
Question 8: The particle which is not affected by electric and magnetic fields is called ?
1. α- Particle
2. Electrons
3. γ- Particle
4. β- Particle
C
Question 9: Isotopes are those elements which has same atomic number but different number of ?
1. Neutrons
2. Both (a) and (b)
3. Protons
4. Electrons
A
Question 10: β- Particles are similar to fact moving ?
1. Helium nuclei
2. Electrons
3. Neutrons
4. Protons
B
Question 11: Radioactivity is such a process in which certain elements, naturally keep on radiating with charge number greater than ?
1. 84
2. 82
3. 86
4. 88
B
Question 12: By nature Gamma-rays are ?
A
## 10th Class Physics Chapter 8 Information and Communication Technology
Question 1: In a n-type semi-conductor, current passes mostly due to ?
1. Holes
2. None of them
3. Both of them
4. Free electrons
D
Question 2: In a p-n junction, the depletion region does not contain ?
1. Free electrons
2. Holes
3. Both (A) and (C)
4. Protons
C
Question 3: Near zero Kelvin temperature, a pure crystal of silicon or germanium behaves as ?
1. Metal
2. Conductor
3. An insulator
4. Liquid
C
Question 4: Pick out the trivalent impurity atom ?
1. Arsenic (As)
2. Phosphorous (P)
3. Gallium (Ga)
4. Bismuth (Bi)
C
Question 5: A diode can be used as a ?
1. Amplifier
2. Transistor
3. Rectifier
4. All of these
C
Question 6: In case of silicon the maximum value of the potential barrier is ?
1. 0.3 volt
2. 0.9 volt
3. 0.7 volt
4. 0.5 volt
C
Question 7: A and B are the two inputs of a NOR gate. Its output would be 1 when ?
1. A = 0, B = 0
2. A = 0, B = 1
3. A = 1, B = 1
4. A = 1, B = 0
A
Question 8: In forward biasing, the resistance of the diode is of ?
1. Few giga ohms
2. Few ohms
3. Few mega ohms
4. Few kilo ohms
C
Question 9: The two inputs of a OR gate are A and B. Its output would be 0 when ?
1. A = 1, B = 1
2. A = 1, B = 0
3. A = 0, B = 1
4. A = 0, B = 0
D
Question 10: The two inputs of a NAND gate are A and B. Its output would be 0 when ?
1. A = 0, B = 1
2. A = 1, B = 0
3. A = 1, B = 1
4. A = 0, B = 0
D
Question 11: Pick out the pentavalent impurity atom ?
1. Indium (In)
2. Arsenic (As)
3. Aluminum (Al)
4. Boron (B)
B
Question 12: In p-type semi-conductor, nearly the whole of current flows due to ?
1. Free electrons
2. Protons
3. Both of them
4. Holes
D
## 10th Class Physics Chapter 9 Atomic and Nuclear Physics
Question 1: Floppy disk can store a data of about ?
1. 144 MB
2. 50 Kb
3. 650 MB
4. 1.44 MB
D
Question 2: The vibrations produced by conversation in the telephone hand set are converted into electric signals by ?
1. Electromagnet
2. Microphone
3. Wires
4. Speaker
B
Question 3: All the work done on the computer in is the light of instructions which are called ?
1. Language
2. CPU
3. Input device
4. Program
D
Question 4: In the remote control device the waves used are ?
1. Sound waves
2. Infra-red waves
3. Micro waves
4. Light waves
B
Question 5: The brain of computer is called ?
1. Printer
2. Monitor
3. CPU
4. Key board
C
Question 6: The devices like CDs and laser discs work on the principle of ?
1. Electromagnetism
2. Laser technology
3. Magnetism
4. Electricity
B
Question 7: It is a flexible plastic disk ?
1. CD room
2. Floppy
3. Hard Disk
4. CD
B
Question 8: In mobile phones, the technology used is ?
2. Television
3. Telegraph
4. E-mail
A
Question 9: Working principle of telephone is similar to ?
1. Telegraph
2. Computer
3. Typewriter
4. E-mail
B
Question 10: The CPU comprises of ?
1. Memory unit
2. Input and Output units
3. Both Control and Memory unit
4. Control unit
C
Question 11: The devices like audio-video tape and floppy discs work on the principle of ?
1. Magnetism
2. Induction
3. Electricity
4. Electromagnetism
D
Question 12: The storage capacity of CD’s is of about ?
1. 650 KB
2. 1650 KB
3. 650 MB
4. 1650 KB
C
## 10th Class Punjab Board
• Chemistry MCQs 10th Class Punjab Board Chapter Wise MCQs
• Computer MCQs 10th Class Solved Notes
• Biology MCQs 10th Class Notes Chapter Wise
• English MCQs 10th Class Solved Punjab Board Exams
• Mathematics MCQs 10th Class Punjab Board Exams
• Share: | 5,510 | 16,389 | {"found_math": false, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 3.625 | 4 | CC-MAIN-2020-16 | latest | en | 0.857007 |
http://sciet.com/html/a_brief_presentation.html | 1,709,431,998,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947476180.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20240303011622-20240303041622-00465.warc.gz | 33,639,436 | 8,216 | The SCIET derives from a single measure, the Unitary Value of the distance between the center and the edge, and defines all the space surrounding the center through equidistant angularities and subdivisions while retaining that definition of their existence together as a permanent record. The measure is as unlimited as the Awarness from which it came. There is no limit on smallness or largness except the speed of change itself. The SCIETs spatial structure is a Resonance Map that can be illustrated by the use of twenty tetrahedral forms attached together at a single virtice.The forms simulate the event horizon structure surrounding a tiny primeval single value blackhole, a continuing reaction of the void to the original charge intrusion. You might say that the SCIET is an isotope of black hole ``bubbles" that are stimulated into existance by the presence of difference and stabalized by resonance.
In 1995 I began treatment for ADHD with a different medicine and the improved concentration led to writing a presentation for SCIET Dynamics. Below is the first attempt. It had been over twenty years since I had begun work on explaining what I had learned. Everything was evolved from visualizations tested by the ``template" and held in visual memory as the entire answer to the question of ``What is the structure of energy?" This is a talking point analysis rather than a persuasive presentation convincing casual web surfers that all the matter and energy in the universe is due to the continuous condensation of its origiinal energy and that the SCIET is the means for this to occur. DMA 2012
A Brief Presentation of a New Mathematical Idea
June 1995
The need for a mathematical tool capable of describing nature in its totality is long-standing. Among the conceptual difficulties are initial assumptions that can create the universe from nothingness, instead of beginning with the existence of particles in space. A system that will do this goes beyond mathematics and into the realm of pure knowledge, confronting cherished beliefs about origins, destinies and all of the mechanisms in between. And clearly, a tool to relate all our experience must simplify while simultaneously allowing all the complexity in the universe. Its clarity will be elegant and to the point.
The effort to discover the structure of energy, or how light stands still, encountered many conceptual problems. Existing terms and metrics, biased toward their original purpose, burden a new explanation with confusing interpretation. Often, new terms are needed to convey the ideas presented here, and they will be explained in the context of that discussion.
Summary
The SCIET is the basic pattern of space. A Single Cycle Integrative Effect Topology is a description of space, whose objective is to freeze change in its most logical standard increment. All things and events are compounds of this.
Measuring the dynamic balance of charge that surrounds a point in space is better called Spacimetry, conveniently sounding like "space symmetry", which is indicative of it's true nature. After all, we are not only measuring space, but energy and time with the SCIET. The complex of assumptions that underlie Single Cycle Integrative Effect Topology start at the beginning of the perceivable universe.
SCIET Dynamics is a system designed to relate the complex of states created by the SCIET, in which everything is based on center to center measurements. This concept was originated by Newton to calculate the effects of gravity. Since SCIET Dynamics can be perceived as a method to quantify gravity, it can be said to be descended from Newton's early work. This theory's intention is to subsume all natural laws.
A good way to understand these concepts is to start with a description of the SCIET as a cyclic charge construct in space in which the idea of polarity moves from obvious to diffuse and back again.
An Internal Infinity
The notion of infinity is inherent to the concept of the point which, similar to Zeno's paradox, can be approached infinitely from all directions. It exists not as a place or thing, but between them, allowing us to approach it only by definition. It represents an internal infinity existing in defiance of our efforts to define smallest or fastest, here or there.
We are left to surround it, choosing the simplest measure , one. From here to there is one unit,(d ) so that without pretense or concern for beside or beyond, we know that the distance between is just one. From one, a series of triangulations can define a tetrahedron, one measure of distance linking four points, equidistant from each other and defining a new point at their center.
Tetrahedron is the most stable definition of Space
The tetrahedron is the defining measure, the first and most stable definition of space in creation. Talk of tetrahedrons suggest shape but we are discussing dynamic balance between points in space. The tetrahedral structure is an essential part of the SCIET's ability to define that balance, not as an independent structure, but as part of a complex of stability that surrounds a point.
Twenty tetrahedrons make a TetraSCIET-a loose version of the fourth Platonic solid, the Icosahedron
Our intention is to model nature. What we observe in nature is limited stability, continuous change within narrow, stable, parameters. The stability of the tetrahedron is offset by its inability to close a set around a point. To illustrate this, take twenty tetrahedrons and join them on a single, shared point. The edges do not fit snugly together, but diverge, forming a loose version of the fourth Pythagorean solid, the Icosahedron. Together, these twenty tetrahedrons account for sixty edges leading away from the center, five at each of the twelve vertices. Each of the triangular faces are separated from one another by a narrow rectangle at the length of the edge and a pentagon at the corners, or vertices. Not an Icosahedron, but twenty tetrahedrons that share a single, central point. This is the first reaction to change in relative position in space, the TetraSCIET. swhich immediately devolves into
The pentagons edge is the defining Sub-unit
It is the vertice-pentagon's edge that defines the systems necessary subunit (s ) which is in a constant relationship with the distance (d ). This is the measure of change that allows stable shifts within all of nature. The SCIET and all of its ramifications depend on this one idea.
The underlying source of circular motion in Nature
A line between any two points now defines a dynamic, adjusting the relationship between them into the space that surrounds them based on the distance and resultant subunit. The stable tetrahedral dynamic is defined by the line between "here and there", an edge of one of the twenty defined stable spaces that surround the center. Therefore, the change is off-center and the adjustment shifts toward the sub-units shared by the edges of the aligning tetrahedron. This causes a pattern of change that moves directionally and this is the underlying source of circular motion in nature.
Phi and the dodecahedron
The fifth sacred solid, the dodecahedron is held within the loose tetraSCIET. The centers of the tetrahedrons, when linked together are the dodecahedron. The distance from the shared center point to the tetrahedron's center is .618 of the tetrahedron's edge.
A Yin to their Yang
The tetrahedral center points, which are the vertices of the internal dodecahedron, are critical to understanding the existence and nature of consciousness. The four points of the tetrahedron share a single center point, a point that represents the balance between them, and must be considered a yin to their yang. It is critical to realize that the frequency quality of space is infinite and that concepts of positive and negative, or yin/yang are relative, not absolute. It is better to think of them as frequency states that exist in space as continuing dynamics, with the same kinds of harmonic relationships that we see in sound, the ability to amplify or cancel those that are in their domain. It is this quality that makes the tetrahedral center points important to understanding consciousness.
Begin with all the rules
It seems like a chicken and egg question, to wonder about the beginning of resonance between points and how to calculate the values between them. We are left with only one choice; to assume that the first moment of existence contained all the rules and worked the same as we experience them today.
The Shared Harmonic Resonance
Calculating the value of resonance between two points depends on the starting value of the points. Because each point must be regarded as unique, we consider each to be a prime number. Since we are talking about harmonic frequencies The easiest way to find this is to square each of the primes, add them together and take a square root. The resultant value is certain to be able to interact with both primes. Thus the mid-point value is derived from a formulae used to calculate the hypotenuse of the right triangle, the Pythagorean Theorem. Unlike the geometrical hypotenuse, though, no fractional values are allowed, so the resultant factors are smaller, higher frequency polarity shifts.
The Root of Four Primes
When this idea is applied to the tetrahedral midpoint, the resultant value is the root of four primes rather than two. Since we are talking about harmonic frequencies, values that have the ability to interact with or balance all four primes simultaneously, we are looking at some very high frequency values.
Two Frequency Systems in Balance
The implications of this are important because it means that two systems of frequencies are created by each tetraSCIET. One is the system of equidistant baseline frequency measures and the second, much higher frequency system resonating at the tetrahedron centers, which forms a dodecahedron within the larger tetraSCIET /Icosahedron.
Two Sets of Angularities
The two sets of angularities that are created by these complementary frequency sets represent the simultaneous existence of two chains of consequence, one that is externalizing and another that is internalizing. The number of angularities or vertices in each system, twelve in the externalizing baseline system and twenty in the internalizing mid-point system, are recurrent sets in all natural systems. This insight reveals another idea when systems are regarded as transceivers, broadcasting from twelve angles and receiving with twenty. This suggests that all systems are in a constant pulsing assimilation of information from these spacimetrical frequency domains.
The SCIET number sets are ubiquitous in Nature
These sets are ubiquitous in nature, often being linked in ways that defy conventional explanation. For instance according to Biological Transmutations (1971) by C. Louis Kervran, the transmutation of magnesium and oxygen into calcium involves the integration of eight additional oxygen nucleons with the twelve magnesium nucleons to create the twenty nucleon calcium atom. This feat cannot be explained without a special situation operating in the nucleus. The orientation of the proton/neutron to the center must be involved, shifting the two from an externalizing nature to an internalizing one.
The Baseline can Characterize the Whole System
The baseline, the initial measure defining a system, can be used to characterize the whole system. Since the SCIET is a dynamic existing as a reaction to change, the angle or line between the two points is both the source of change and the result of change. Thus a measure of the baseline can express all the states within the system as a whole. All possible units must be factors of the baseline. This correlates to the metaphysical idea of vibration, as a set of frequency shifts that express the essence of a system or entity.
Begins and Ends with a Singularity
The pulse of a vibration begins and ends with a singularity. Singularity refers to the interval when the system is out of phase with all other systems, existing as one of a kind in the universe. The universe began with a singularity, and this stage is repeated in every cycle. The singularity exists until the system matches phase with another, beginning the resonance frequency reduction that is the start of a new cycle.
tetraSCIET originates with the first matching frequency
The SCIET pattern describes the steps between the singularities. The tetraSCIET originates with the first matching frequency and progresses through all the frequency reductions. As this occurs, the subunit (s ) reduces until it goes out of phase with the base unit of distance, the baseline (d ). When this occurs the base unit is redefined and the process begins again.
Looks like the Yin Yang symbol
The diffusion of polarity within the tetraSCIET matrix, which is the result of the resonance frequency reduction, can be visualized as the progression of the baseline value around the center in increments determined by the Phi ratio. If the polarities could be shaded light and dark and viewed from the top, it would look like the yin yang symbol.
Conclusion
The SCIET relies on observations about the symmetry of the distribution of charge in space, seeking at all times to maintain balance. It is based upon the stability of the tetrahedral relationships that spring from the line between any two points in space. The spatial concept of the tetraSCIET is the starting point to illustrate a method by which change, in the form of charge, is distributed throughout the space defined by the unit of distance between two points in space. It is the complex of stability and dynamic adjustment that form the basis of the mathematical system of SCIET Dynamics
[SCIET] [About SCIET] [SCIET Math] [SCIET Apps] [4 SCIET Journal] [SCIET Resources] | 2,848 | 13,894 | {"found_math": false, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 2.6875 | 3 | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | latest | en | 0.952871 |
https://www.teacherspayteachers.com/Product/Mean-Median-Mode-Range-Activity-Bundle-4247510 | 1,548,212,889,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-04/segments/1547583884996.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20190123023710-20190123045710-00322.warc.gz | 950,929,391 | 21,713 | # Mean, Median, Mode, & Range Activity Bundle
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1. Make practicing finding mean, median, mode, and range fun! This self-checking activity will allow students to get out of their seats and move around the classroom as they solve 16 problems. Each problem solved will lead the students to a new problem to solve until they have solved all 16 problems. Y
2. Students will practice finding mean, median, mode, and range with this fun self-checking matching activity! Students will cut apart 20 cards, solve 20 problems, and make matching sets with cards that have the same solution. Each data set contains 4-7 numbers. All answers are whole numbers. Please v
3. Mazes are a great way to practice new material while having more fun than completing a typical worksheet! In this maze activity, students will solve problems involving mean, median, mode, and range. Students will end up solving a total of 10 problems. Each data set includes 4-7 numbers. The answe
4. Students will practice finding mean, median, mode, and range with this fun activity! Students will find the mean, median, mode, and range for 4 data sets. They will then then find their answer from the answer choices at the bottom and glue it in the appropriate place. Each data set contains 6-8 nu
5. Students will practice working with mean, median, mode, and range with this fun digital activity! Students will find the missing number in a data set given either the mean, median, mode, or range. They will then then find their answer from the answer choices at the bottom and glue it in the appropri
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Teachers Pay Teachers is an online marketplace where teachers buy and sell original educational materials. | 706 | 3,445 | {"found_math": false, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 3.453125 | 3 | CC-MAIN-2019-04 | latest | en | 0.933359 |
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Fibonacci Days
Age: 17,944 days
Date of birth
Your 23rd Fibonacci Day is on
Saturday
when you will be
28,657 days old
Fibonacci Days occur when your day age lies in the Fibonacci sequence.
In mathematics, the Fibonacci numbers are the numbers in the following integer sequence:
1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144, ...
or (often, in modern usage):
0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144, ...
By definition, the first two numbers in the Fibonacci sequence are either 1 and 1, or 0 and 1, depending on the chosen starting point of the sequence, and each subsequent number is the sum of the previous two.
In adult life Fibonacci days become quite rare, so make sure you don't miss any more of them!
Mind you, if you start following them from an early enough age, you can celebrate your 1st and 2nd Fibonacci Days on the same day!
Fibonacci numbers can be found in many patterns in nature.
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14 Jun 2020
17,955
11
49
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17,956
12
49
30 Jun 2020
17,971
27
49
29 Jul 2020
18,000
56
49
17 Aug 2020
18,019
75
49
23 Sep 2020
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112
49
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537
50
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31 Jul 2037
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6,267
66
02 Oct 2049
28,657
10,713
78
03 Jan 2061
32,768
14,824
89
08 Jan 2120
54,321
36,377
148
Ordinal
Day Age
Date
Age
0
0
18 Apr 1971
0
1st
1
19 Apr 1971
0
2nd
1
19 Apr 1971
0
3rd
2
20 Apr 1971
0
4th
3
21 Apr 1971
0
5th
5
23 Apr 1971
0
6th
8
26 Apr 1971
0
7th
13
01 May 1971
0
8th
21
09 May 1971
0
9th
34
22 May 1971
0
10th
55
12 Jun 1971
0
11th
89
16 Jul 1971
0
12th
144
09 Sep 1971
0
13th
233
07 Dec 1971
0
14th
377
29 Apr 1972
1
15th
610
18 Dec 1972
1
16th
987
30 Dec 1973
2
17th
1,597
01 Sep 1975
4
18th
2,584
15 May 1978
7
19th
4,181
28 Sep 1982
11
20th
6,765
25 Oct 1989
18
21st
10,946
06 Apr 2001
29
22nd
17,711
14 Oct 2019
48
23rd
28,657
02 Oct 2049
78
1
24th
46,368
30 Mar 2098
126
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http://reference.wolfram.com/legacy/v5/Demos/Notations/Functions/NotationDefinitionInfixNotation.html | 1,503,120,386,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-34/segments/1502886105304.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20170819051034-20170819071034-00203.warc.gz | 350,384,406 | 7,228 | This is documentation for Mathematica 5, which was
based on an earlier version of the Wolfram Language.
Infix Notation Syntax of infix notation declarations. InfixNotation is used to treat a composite box structure as an infix operator. InfixNotation requires both a composite box object which will represent the infix operator and a symbol which will be the full form head of the expression. A simple parallel of this duality in Mathematica is that the infix notation + has the full form head Plus. This declares that the composite object should act as the infix form of Join. The infix notation both parses input and formats output. An advantage of using InfixNotation over that of using Notation to define an infix operator is that InfixNotation parses an expression into a flat internal form without evaluation. Although this is a subtle difference, it is an important one (see ring operations and parsing without evaluation.) InfixNotation parses input to a flat expression. The function InfixNotation can be compared to using the infix form of functions ~~ (cf. The Mathematica Book 2.1.3) | 228 | 1,097 | {"found_math": false, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 2.5625 | 3 | CC-MAIN-2017-34 | latest | en | 0.891597 |
https://edurev.in/course/quiz/attempt/137_Test-Introduction-IP-Addressing-2/f9ea9607-3f65-410f-86fe-417c020b0191 | 1,720,996,844,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-30/segments/1720763514654.12/warc/CC-MAIN-20240714220017-20240715010017-00494.warc.gz | 205,513,796 | 52,406 | Test: Introduction & IP Addressing- 2 - Computer Science Engineering (CSE) MCQ
# Test: Introduction & IP Addressing- 2 - Computer Science Engineering (CSE) MCQ
Test Description
## 15 Questions MCQ Test GATE Computer Science Engineering(CSE) 2025 Mock Test Series - Test: Introduction & IP Addressing- 2
Test: Introduction & IP Addressing- 2 for Computer Science Engineering (CSE) 2024 is part of GATE Computer Science Engineering(CSE) 2025 Mock Test Series preparation. The Test: Introduction & IP Addressing- 2 questions and answers have been prepared according to the Computer Science Engineering (CSE) exam syllabus.The Test: Introduction & IP Addressing- 2 MCQs are made for Computer Science Engineering (CSE) 2024 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, notes, meanings, examples, exercises, MCQs and online tests for Test: Introduction & IP Addressing- 2 below.
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Test: Introduction & IP Addressing- 2 - Question 1
### To prevent signal alternation, what is the max number of repeaters that can be placed on one 10 Base 5 or 10.Base 2 network?
Detailed Solution for Test: Introduction & IP Addressing- 2 - Question 1
Maximum 4 repeaters can be placed in one transmission path between two nodes while 5 between two nodes.
Test: Introduction & IP Addressing- 2 - Question 2
### Which IP class provides the fewest numbers of hosts?
Detailed Solution for Test: Introduction & IP Addressing- 2 - Question 2
Number of host in class A = 224 - 2 Number of host in class B = 216 - 2 Number of host in class C = 28 - 2 Number of host in class D = 0
Test: Introduction & IP Addressing- 2 - Question 3
### A repeater takes a weak and or corrupted signal and _____ it.
Detailed Solution for Test: Introduction & IP Addressing- 2 - Question 3
A repeater takes a weak or corrupted signal and regenerate it
Test: Introduction & IP Addressing- 2 - Question 4
A subnet mask in class A can have ______ 1’s with the remaining bits 0’s.
Detailed Solution for Test: Introduction & IP Addressing- 2 - Question 4
Default subnet mask of class A network 11111111-00000000-00000000-00000000
⇒ 255-0-0-0.
Test: Introduction & IP Addressing- 2 - Question 5
To interconnect two IP classes, class A and class C networks
Detailed Solution for Test: Introduction & IP Addressing- 2 - Question 5
Router is used to connect two different class networks.
Test: Introduction & IP Addressing- 2 - Question 6
Given an IP address 156.233.42.56 with a subnet mask of 7 bits. How many hosts and subnets are possible.
Detailed Solution for Test: Introduction & IP Addressing- 2 - Question 6
Test: Introduction & IP Addressing- 2 - Question 7
Class_______has the greatest number of hosts per given network address.
Detailed Solution for Test: Introduction & IP Addressing- 2 - Question 7
Number of hosts in class A = 224 - 2 Number of hosts in class B = 216 - 2 Number of hosts in class C = 28 - 2
Test: Introduction & IP Addressing- 2 - Question 8
The effective bandwidth is based on ______ .
Detailed Solution for Test: Introduction & IP Addressing- 2 - Question 8
The effective data burst is a measure of average data rate, peak data rate and maximum data rate.
Test: Introduction & IP Addressing- 2 - Question 9
Identify the unequal pair(s):
Detailed Solution for Test: Introduction & IP Addressing- 2 - Question 9
Test: Introduction & IP Addressing- 2 - Question 10
There are three IP addresses as given below:
X = 202.23.14.150
Y = 168.19.200.12
Z = 72.192.52.210
Which of the following statements is/are correct?
Detailed Solution for Test: Introduction & IP Addressing- 2 - Question 10
In IP add re sse s class A, B, and C used for general purpose.
Test: Introduction & IP Addressing- 2 - Question 11
The default subnet mask for a Class B network can be
Detailed Solution for Test: Introduction & IP Addressing- 2 - Question 11
Class A = 255.0.0.0
Class B = 255.255.0.0
Class C = 255.255.255.0
Test: Introduction & IP Addressing- 2 - Question 12
Match List-I (Function) with List-11 (Layer) and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists:
Detailed Solution for Test: Introduction & IP Addressing- 2 - Question 12
Packet switching→ network iayer.
Route determination→ 4 network layer.
Flow control → datalink and transport layer.
Test: Introduction & IP Addressing- 2 - Question 13
Match List-I (Function) with List-lI (Layer) and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists
List-I
A. Reassembly of packets
B. Responsibility for delivery between adjacent nodes
C. Mechanical electrical and functional interface
D. Error correction and retransmission
List-II
1. Transport
3. Physical
Detailed Solution for Test: Introduction & IP Addressing- 2 - Question 13
• Reassembly of packets is done at transport iayer.
• Responsibility for delivery between adjacent nodes is of data link layer.
• Mechanical electrical and functional interface is related to physical layer.
• Error correction and retransmission is done at data link layer as well as transport layer.
Test: Introduction & IP Addressing- 2 - Question 14
A subnet mask in class A has fourteen 1’s. How many subnet does it define?
Detailed Solution for Test: Introduction & IP Addressing- 2 - Question 14
6 bit are used for subnetting.
So number of possible subnets - 26 = 64.
Test: Introduction & IP Addressing- 2 - Question 15
In a class A subnet, we know the IP address of one of the hosts and the mask as given below:
Detailed Solution for Test: Introduction & IP Addressing- 2 - Question 15
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https://maker.pro/forums/threads/energy-and-power-in-a-boost-converter.74635/ | 1,660,592,324,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572198.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815175725-20220815205725-00388.warc.gz | 355,224,913 | 57,485 | # Energy and power in a boost converter
P
#### Paul E. Schoen
Jan 1, 1970
0
I posted this at the end of the gaps thread, but that turned into a
cussfest, so here's another shot at trying to understand the energy and
power transfer in a simple boost converter I have built.
Basically, I can predict the maximum current in the inductor, and hence the
energy stored, vs frequency. Using LTspice with a 61 ohm load, I found that
at 200 kHz and 70% duty cycle the maximum inductor current with 12 VDC at
10 uH is 4.4A (Energy = 97 uW-sec * 0.2 = 19.4 W), and I get 40 volts (26.2
W). At 100 kHz, I can get 48 volts (37.7W) with a maximum inductor current
of 8 A (32 W). The actual inductor current in the first case, which is
running in continuous mode, includes a DC component of 650 mA from the 12
volt source. Adding that gives a power contribution from the battery of 7.8
watts in the first case and 9.4 watts in the second.
The maximum output will be generated when the inductor starts charging
again after its energy has been discharged into the output capacitor, so
there will be no "dead time". With 12 volts, the inductor charges to 8.4 A
in 7 uSec, and it takes 3 uSec to charge the output capacitor, for 70% duty
cycle. The output is about 48 VDC into 61 ohms, or 38 watts. I calculate
the average input power to be about 70% of sqrt(8.4*8.4/2) * 12 V = 35.3
watts, plus the 780mA * 12V = 9.4W from the battery, or 44.7. I'm guessing
at this, but the simulator measured input watts to be 43, so I'm close.
This is 82% efficiency.
I'm running simulations in LTspice, and I think they are pretty much
correct, but I am still a little puzzled. In the continuous mode operation
at 200 kHz, I can see the DC component through the inductor as a 388 mA
minimum current. I get input power of 28.77 W and output of 25.77 W or
89.5% efficiency. In the discontinuous mode at 100 kHz, I get 38.7 watts
out, 43.1 watts in, and 89.8% efficiency. However, I have a hard time
grasping how it can output 38.7 watts when there is almost no inductor
current (It's actually negative) 10% of the time, and peak energy of 320
uW-Sec at 100 kHz or 32 watts. Maybe I'm simplifying the calculation too
much. The true power is probably the integral of the peak energy
(0.5*I^2*L) over the entire waveform, times frequency. OK, when I do that,
I get an average of about 98 uJ, but a peak of 316 uJ = 31.6 W.
Paul
R
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Basic Mathematics Skills (Popularity: ) http://www.basic-mathematics.com A solid understanding of basic math skills by going in depth into many math topics. The answer to your math ... PlanetMath (Popularity: ) http://planetmath.org/ A collaborative encyclopaedia with entries contributed under the GNU Free Documentation License. Math2.Org (Popularity: ) http://www.math2.org/ Formerly Dave's Math Tables. Mathematical tables on-line and downloadable. Digital Library of Mathematical Functions (Popularity: ) http://dlmf.nist.gov/ This mockup gives an idea of the current ideas about the design and organization of the new Digital Library; these ... Math Assistance (Popularity: ) http://www.ercangurvit.com/ Lists rules and formulas for a number of mathematical subjects, such as plotting graphics, functions, factoring, derivatives, integrals, matrices, vectors, ... Summation Formulae (Popularity: ) http://polysum.tripod.com/ For polynomials of degrees up to 50, generated using the Euler-Maclaurin method. Wolfram: Mathematical Functions (Popularity: ) http://functions.wolfram.com/ Includes advanced formulas and visualizations of various equation, such as elliptical curves. The Math Reference Project (Popularity: ) http://www.mathreference.com/ An electronic archive of articles by Karl Dahlke on topics ranging from high school geometry up to graduate level topology. Mathematics reference data (Popularity: ) http://math-reference.com/ Reference information about basics of Algebra. Reference on deriatives, integrals and trigonometry. Solving differential equations (Popularity: ) http://math-tables.net/ Types, tips on solving and some examples. Equations and simultaneous equations (Popularity: ) http://math-equation.net/ Main types and solving techniques, some samples.
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# N.1.2 Vocabulary
TermDefinition
Compare A method of comparing two or more numbers and identifying if one number is equal, lesser, or greater than the other numbers.
Order The arrangement of numbers in relation to each other according to a particular sequence.
Greater Than The variable or number is more than the given limit.
Less Than The variable or number is less than the given limit.
Equal to Describes equality between the values, equations, or expressions written on both sides.
Popular Math sets
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1. Find the sum of all the factors of 1024.
2. If we add the fractions 1/2 + 1/3 + 1/4 + 1/5 ... what is the denominator of the fraction that makes our sum go over 4?
3. What three numbers when multiplied together equals 9367 and when added together equals 65. When you enter your answer enter the numbers together in order from smallest to biggest (if your answer was 7, 23 and 19 you would enter 71923).
4. If we list all the numbers below 10 that are multiples of 3 or 5, we get 3, 5, 6 and 9. The sum of these multiples is 23.
Find the sum of all the multiples of 3 or 5 up to and including 1000.
5. Find the sum of all the prime numbers from 1 to 1000.
6. Write a program that will tell you how many years the \$20000 you have in the bank will take to double if it gets 5% interest a year.
7. Write a program that will print the sum of all of its prime factors of 3274. You probably want to write an isPrime method to help.
public static boolean isPrime(int n)
8. The prime factors of 13195 are 5, 7, 13 and 29. The largest prime factor is 29.
What is the largest prime factor of the number 1263528651 ? (For this problem you are going to have to use long instead of int. They are the same, except long can hold bigger numbers. You will also have to tell the computer that numbers are long or you will get an over flow error
long n = 1263528651L;
Putting the L on the end of the long int let the computer know it was a long int
9. Each new term in the Fibonacci sequence is generated by adding the previous two terms. By starting with 1 and 2, the first 10 terms will be:
1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, ...
What is the 50th number in the sequence?
You will have to use long int for this program.
10. A Pythagorean triplet is a set of three natural numbers, a<b<c, for which, a² + b² = c²
For example, 3² + 4² = 9 + 16 = 25 = 5².
There exists exactly one Pythagorean triplet for which a + b + c = 1000. To check enter the numbers from smallest to largest with no spaces in between.
11. Write a program that will tell you what the sum of all the prime numbers that end in 7 between 1 and 25000.
12. Enter a number and have the computer give you the sum of the digits. Test your program the number is 8349457235.
13. A perfect number is a number in which each digit of the number is also a factor of the number. If it has a zero it is not a perfect number. Write a method that will tell you the first 3 perfect numbers > 1000. Enter the numbers without spaces to check in ascending order.
14. A really perfect number is one in which of the digits are factors of the number and the sum of the digits is also a factor of the number. If it contains a 0 it is not a perfect number. Print the first 3 really perfect numbers > 50000. Enter the three numbers in ascending order.
You would enter 200300500
15. 2520 is the smallest number that can be divided by each of the numbers from 1 to 10 without any remainder.
What is the smallest number that is evenly divisible by all of the numbers from 1 to 20?
16. If you flip 4 coins 100000 times, What percentage of the time will you get 4 heads. Simulate the flipping of the coins with random numbers. Only type in the closest whole number for the percentage. (if it is 23.678% only type in 24)
17. The sum of the squares of the first ten natural numbers is, 1² + 2² + ... + 10² = 385
The square of the sum of the first ten natural numbers is,
(1 + 2 + ... + 10)² = 55² = 3025
Hence the difference between the sum of the squares of the first ten numbers and the square of the sum is 3025 − 385 = 2640.
Find the difference between the sum of the squares of the first one hundred numbers and the square of the sum.
18. The following iterative sequence is defined for the set of positive integers:
n → n/2 (n is even)
n → 3n + 1 (n is odd)
Using the rule above and starting with 13, we generate the following sequence:
13 → 40 → 20 → 10 → 5 → 16 → 8 → 4 → 2 → 1
It can be seen that this sequence (starting at 13 and finishing at 1) contains 10 terms. Although it has not been proved yet (Collatz Problem), it is thought that all starting numbers finish at 1.
Have a method receive a 23 and then print out the sum of the numbers in the chain up to and including 1.
NOTE: Once the chain starts the terms are allowed to go above one million.
19. If you fill an array with 10 unique numbers between 1 and 100 and fill another array with 10 unique numbers between 1 and 100 what percentage of the time will you get at least one number in common (Round your percent to the nearest whole number). Run your simulation 100,000 times to get the answer.
The programs below cannot be checked on line- you should be able to see if they work by checking the output
1. Write a method that will receive an integer and then print out the digits one at a time (on seperate lines, in any order).
2. Write a method that will receive a number and will return a new number that is the reverse of the number entered. For example if you enter 4567 the new number returned will be 7654.
3. A baby sitter charges \$1.50 per hour until 9:00 pm (while the kids are still up), \$1.00 per hour between 9:00 pm and midnight, and \$1.25 per hour after midnight (since late night baby sitting interferes with morning classes).
Write a method that takes as arguments the sitter's starting time in hours and minutes and the ending time in hours and minutes and then computes the sitter's fee. Pay the sitter for parts of an hour (so that if they work 22 minutes they get 22/60 of that hour's pay). Assume all times are between 6:00 pm and 6:00 am.
4. Write a method that will receive a numerator and a denominator and then print out the fraction reduced to lowest terms.
5. Write a method that will receive a word and return a new String that is the reverse of the first. For example if you sent it Mike it would send back ekiM
public String reverse(String s)
6. Write a method that will receive a word and then return a new word that is the same as the first except all vowels are removed.
public String removeVowels(String s)
7. Write a method that will receive a sentence and then return a new string with dashes in place of all the consonants. For example if the method received “hello tom” it would return “-e—o –o-“
8. Write a program that will ask 10 random multiplication problems (with numbers between 1 and 20). The program will let the person using it answer each question and tell them whether they were right or wrong, and will then tell them what their score was on the test.
9. Write a program that will let you enter a numerator , denominator and then another numerator and denominator and will then tell you the sum of the two fractions (reduced and in proper form)
public void addFractions(int n1, int d1, int n2, int d2)
For example
Enter numerator 4
Enter denominator 5
Enter a numerator 2
Enter a denominator 3
10. Write a method that will receive a paragraph and will then return the paragraph with every other word removed.
public String removeWords(String para)
11. Write a program that will let you enter 10 names into an ArrayList and will then print out the names in a random order (with no repeats)
public ArrayList enter()
public void printRandom(ArrayList ar)
12. Write a program that will let you fill an ArrayList with 100 random numbers - then delete all the odd numbers - print out the list to check your work.
13. Same as above except use an array - make sure that you have a count in your class - when you delete a number make sure the count is changed. (It won't change automatically like it does with an ArrayList - you can leave all the other spots as 0)
For example if the array held 3 7 8 12 34 67 and count was 6
When you are done - array will hold 8 12 34 0 0 0 and count will be 3
14. Write a program that will print out 25 random multiplication problems (1 at a time). It will tell the user whether they answered correctly or not. It will give them a score at the end of the game.
15. Write a number quessing game. The computer will pick a random number between 1 and 1000. It will then let you guess. It will tell you "Too High" or "Too Low" until you guess it. It will then tell you how many guesses you took.
16. Write a program that will scramble a word that it receives. It will scramble it by randomly exchanging 2 of the letters in the word. Do the exchanges the length of the word times.
17. Using the strategy developed above - scramble a paragraph by scrambling each of the words. You can set a String equal to a paragraph and then send it up to method to be scrambled.
For example, if you send it, " Mary had a litle lamb" it would send back "yMar dah a ttlile amlb"
18. Same as above but scramble the words and the order of the words so "Mary had a little lamb" could return "Almb a raMy dah tltlie"
19. Write a program that will print out all the prime numbers between 10 and 10,000 that begin and end with the same number.
Ex.
11
131
373 | 2,329 | 9,204 | {"found_math": false, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 3.5625 | 4 | CC-MAIN-2018-43 | longest | en | 0.908771 |
http://www.wonko.info/ipt/sse/pascal/pascal7.htm | 1,529,432,063,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-26/segments/1529267863109.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20180619173519-20180619193519-00044.warc.gz | 520,709,388 | 8,700 | # Q
Students should attempt to write a program that efficiently prints all prime numbers up to a supplied number (primes are numbers that have no other factors other than 1 and themselves). There are many ways to accomplish this task - each of varying efficiency.
By now, students should have come to some sort of 'internal' agreement as to how they plan their programs - tasks will begin to get complex, leaping straight into Pascal is most unwise.
In most computer languages it is possible to define ACTIONS (called sub-programs or procedures), which can be called when needed. These modules can be used as many times as you want in a program - define them once, use them over and over.
Procedures are 'called' into action by mentioning their name - this usually is a statement in itself. It is possible to write modules that can be fed values at runtime (the values you feed are termed parameters) as part of the call. Procedures that do not reequire parameters are more primitive but can be just as useful.
A variation of a procedure is called a Function - these are typically part of a statement (ie. embedded in an expression)
### Parameter-less Processes
``` eg1: procedure fiddleabout;
:
{\$R *DFM}
var a,b : integer;
Procedure ExchangeThem;
{exchanges two variables' values}
var t : integer;
begin
t := b;
b := a;
a := t
end;
begin
a:= 5;
b:= 30;
ExchangeThem;
showmessage('a = '+inttostr(a) +' b = ' + inttostr(b));
if a > b
then ExchangeThem;
showmessage('a = '+inttostr(a) +' b = ' + inttostr(b));
end;```
In the above example, a and b are GLOBAL variables - they are owned by the main unit (they are declared under the {\$R *.DFM} compiler directive making them visible to all processes in this unit.
Although the sub-program (ExchangeThem) can see and use these global variables, it is generally NOT a good idea to do this due to the many and varied side-effects that can result.
You will notice that ExchangeThem has it's own var section that introdices t.t is a LOCAL variable - known only to ExchangeThem - the main program cannot see nor access it
You will also notice ExchangeThem is called twice in this program.
``` eg2: procedure initialize;
procedure calcordercost;
:
Procedure Tform1.initialize;
{set up for a new order}
begin
label1.caption :='MUCKDONALDS';
label2.caption :='McChunder Burger';
numburgers := 0;
numfries := 0;
numshakes := 0;
{....etc}
Procedure Tform1.calcordercost;
{works out the cost of an order}
var temp : real;
begin
temp := numburgers*2.50 + numfries*1.25 + numshakes*2.10;
ordertotal.caption := floattostr(temp)
end;
```
Good programs have MODULES that break the task into smaller parts, making each of the parts independent (self contained). This simple action can vastly improve your program, making it easier to read and maintain (debug and add to)
``` eg3: procedure displayanswer;
:
{\$R *.DFM}
var j,k : real;
function OneOnK : real;
begin
OneOnK := 1/k
end;
begin
j := 5;
k := j;
j := j * OneOnK;
showmessage('j = '+ inttostr(j) +' k = '+ inttostr(k))
end;```
This function preys on GLOBAL variables - this is unwise (and generally unheard of). You will notice the function is used in a different way to the procedure. Whereas a procedure call is a statement, a function call must be part of a statement
Good programmers aim to separate the code that tells the machine HOW to perform a task (some action or process) from the actual request to perform the task (ie. the 'site' of the call)
Very Important:
• always ensure that the function/procedure can be executed if called.
• make sure that your functions can return values in each instance that they are called.
• each function has a specific type
General Sub-Programs
## SUB-PROGRAMS WITH PARAMETERS
If you want to supply your procedure with a value to use in it's execution, or you want it to safely use variables owned by the main program, you should use parameters in your procedure definiition.
You either want your procedure to be handed a value to use (pass by value) or you want to hand your procedure a variable to manipulate (pass by reference).
Pass By Value - creating a 'one way link' to reliably hand values to a procedure without it preying on global variables.
```eg1. Procedure TForm1.CountTo(num : integer); {formal parameter}
{counts to the number supplied as num}
var loop : integer;
temp : string
begin
temp := '';
for loop := 1 to num do
temp := temp + inttostr(loop) + ' ';
showmessage(temp)
end; {CountTo}```
could be called in another process as:
` CountTo(5);`
```eg2. TForm1.Function Factorial(num : integer) : integer; {formal parameter}
{returns the factorial, num!, as num*num-i*num-2*...*1}
var loop : integer;
begin
for loop := 1 to num do
end; {Factorial}```
could be called in another process as:
` showmessage(inttostr(Factorial(6)+Factorial(3)));`
With Pass By Value, calls to the sub-program hand a value, or values, to be used locally.
```eg3. Function EuclideanDist(x1,y1,x2,y2:integer) : real;
{calculates the distance between two points using
distance formula, and returns it as a real }
begin
EuclideanDist := sqrt((x2-x1)*(x2-x1) + (y2-y1)*(y2-y1))
end; {euclidean distance}```
could be called in another process as:
` showmessage(floattostr(EuclideanDist(3,8,7,5)));`
which will return and output the distance between the points (3,8) and (7,5).
Pass By Reference - where you provide a safe means of communication back to the body, by temporarily allowing a local variable to share the memory address of a another global variable.
```eg4: Procedure Factorial(num : integer; var answer : integer);
{evaluates the factorial of num and returns it in answer}
var loop : integer;
begin
for loop := 1 to num do
end; {Factorial}```
could be called in the main program as:
``` Factorial(thing,result);
showmessage('The factorial of' + inttostr(thing) +' = '+inttostr(result));```
Result and answer, at the time of the call temporarily share the same memory cell - what happens to answer in the procedure, also happens to result. When the procedure terminates, the resting value of answer remains in the memory cell known as result.
```eg5: Procedure WhatASCII (ch : char ; var x : integer);
{returns to x the ASCII value of ch}
begin
x := ord(ch)
end;```
could be called in the main program as:
` WhatASCII('Q',num);`
where num and x temporarily share the same memory location, and so after the procedure call has terminated, the result of the procedure is stored in num
Sending a value to a sub-program = Pass by Value, specifying a variable in a call and receiving a value back for it = Pass By Reference
```eg6: Procedure Exchange(var a,b : integer);
{swaps two supplied variables and returns them swapped}
var t : integer;
begin
t := a; a:= b; b:= t
end;
Procedure Swapem(a,b : integer);
{swaps two supplied variables locally only}
var t : integer;
begin
t := a; a:= b; b:= t
end;
Begin
x := 1; y := 42;
Swapem(x, y); showmessage(inttostr(x)+' '+inttostr(y)); {no effect}
Exchange(x, y); showmessage(inttostr(x)+' '+inttostr(y)); {swapped}```
Pass by value can send expressions (ie. any expression that can be evaluated into a single value of the same type as the accepting parameter)
`eg: WhatAscii(char(ord(x)*42-b), answer);`
Pass by reference can only send variable names (or pointers to memory locations)
### PROCEDURAL PROBLEMS
1. Side Effects
• A procedure inside another procedure may alter values defined in the ancestor.
• This causes problems that are almost impossible to locate
• beware of procedures that re-assign a global variable unexpectedly - good programs will not have such side effects
2. Environmental Dependence
• Most of the procedures encountered so far are ENVIRONMENTALLY DEPENDENT - that is they use global variables in the host program. This renders them NOT PORTABLE to other programs unless the same environmental conditions exist.
• A programmers aim is to build up a 'personal library' of environmentally independent, side-effect free procedures that can be imported into what ever program is currently being written if needed.
3. Identical Identifiers
• Syntactically, local variables (in procedures and functions) are allowed to be named the same as global variables. Sub-program local variables are stored in different places to globals. (control is abandoned by the body and so locals take over anyway)
• BUT readability should prevent us from doing this unless unavoidable.
Parameterised Sub-Programs
## SIMPLE RECURSION
recursion(re-ker-shun) v. - see recursion
``` Procedure TForm1.CountDownFrom (number:integer);
{performs a countdown to blastoff recursively}
begin
if number > 0
then
begin
showmessage(inttostr(number));
CountDownFrom(number-1)
end
else
showmessage('Blastoff')
end;
Procedure TForm1.button1click(sender :TObject);
begin
CountDownFrom(5)
end.```
wind-in going to a new call without completing the previous one
wind-back completing a call then moving back to work on a previously called but as yet un-completed one.
``` Function TForm1.pow(x, y : integer) : integer;
{returns x to the power of y recursively}
begin
if y = 0
then pow := 1
else pow := x * pow(x,y-1)
end;
Procedure TForm1.button1click(sender :TObject);
begin
showmessage(inttostr(pow(2,4)))
end;```
Before you get too excited by recursion, be warned that efficiency and memory may prohibit a recursive solution - the number of calls within calls may cause the program to run out of memory attempting to complete the task, or at least make it so inefficient that you would not use it. There are, however some problems that there is no other solution except for a recursive one (fortunately these are rare).
Recursive Sub-Programs
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RULE. — To the square of the bung diameter add the square of the head diameter ; multiply the sum by the length, and the product by .0014 for ale gallons, or by .0017 for wine gallons.
Welch's Improved American Arithmetic: Adapted to the Currency of the United ... - Σελίδα 193
1846 - 218 σελίδες
Πλήρης προβολή - Σχετικά με αυτό το βιβλίο
## The Youth's Assistant in Theoretick and Practical Arithmetick ...
Zadock Thompson - 1826 - 164 σελίδες
...Cailfitllfl. Gauging teaches to measure all kinds of vessels, as pipes, hogsheads, barrels, &c. RULE. — To the square of the bung diameter add the square of the head diameter; multiply the sum by the length, and the product 1>y .0014 for ale gallons, or by .0017 for wine gallons....
## An Introduction to Mensuration and Practical Geometry
John Bonnycastle - 1829 - 252 σελίδες
...gallons. 14.724 wine gallons. Ans. PROBLEM XIV. To find the content of a cask of the third form. To the square of the bung diameter add the square of the head diameter ; multiply the sum by the length, and the product again by .0014 for ale gallons, or by .0017 for wine...
## The Youth's Assistant in Theoretic[!] and Practical Arithmetic ...
Zadock Thompson - 1832 - 168 σελίδες
...321. Ouaging teaches to measure all kinds of vessels, as pipes, hogsheads, barrels, &c. RULE. — To the square of the bung diameter add the square of the head diameter ; multiply the sum by the length, and the product by .0014 for ale gallons, or by .0017 for wine gallons....
## The Youth's Assistant in Theoretic and Practical Arithmetic: Designed for ...
Zadock Thompson - 1832 - 168 σελίδες
...321. Gwging teaches to measure all kinds of vessels, as pipes, hogsheads, barrels, &c. RULE. — To the square of the bung diameter add the square of the head diameter ; multiply the sum by the length, and the product by .0014 for ale gallons, or by .0017 for wine gallons....
## A Complete System of Mensuration of Superficies and Solids, of All Regular ...
Tobias Ostrander - 1833 - 159 σελίδες
...Ans. 135,3775 + wine gallons. PROBLEM III. To find the solidity of a cask of the third form. Rule—To the square of the bung diameter add the square of the head diameter; multiply the sum by the length, and that product by ,0014 for ale gallons, or by ,0017 for wine gallons....
## A Complete System of Mensuration of Superficies and Solids, of All Regular ...
Tobias Ostrander - 1834 - 159 σελίδες
...135,3775 + wine gallons. PROBLEM III. To find the solidity of a cask of the third form. Rule— To the square of the bung diameter add the square of the head diameter ; multiply the sum by the length, and that product by ,0014 for ale gallons, or by ,0017 for wine gallons....
## A treatise on practical geometry, mensuration, conic sections, gauging, and ...
...-00094 = 98-1617 gallons. PROBLEM XVI. To find tJie contents of a cask of the third form. RULE. To the square of the bung diameter, add the square of the head diameter ; multiply the sum by the length, and the last product by -001416 for the answer in imperial gallons....
## A Treatise on Mensuration for the Use of Schools
Commissioners of National Education in Ireland - 1837 - 262 σελίδες
...-0009^ =98-1617 gallons. PROBLEM XVI. To find the content of a cask of the third variety. RULE. To the square of the bung diameter, add the square of the head diameter ; multiply the sum by the length, and the last product by -001416 for the answer in imperial gallons....
## A complete treatise on Practical Land-Surveying, etc
Thomas Holliday - 1838 - 80 σελίδες
...and bung diameters, and a middle diameter, half way between the bung and head diameters. Rule.—To the square of the bung diameter, add the square of the head diameter, and four times the square of the diameter between the two; multiply the sum by the length of the cask,...
## A Treatise of Practical Mathematics, Μέρος 2
Andrew Bell - 1842
...First Variety. 163. PROBLEM IX. — To find the content of a cask of the first or spheroidal variety. 1 To twice the square of the bung diameter add the square of the head diameter ; multiply the sum by the length of the cask ; and divide the product by 1059-108, and the quotient... | 1,142 | 4,277 | {"found_math": false, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 2.859375 | 3 | CC-MAIN-2020-24 | latest | en | 0.663622 |
https://www.onlinecivilforum.com/site/how-to-find-sumptank-capacity/ | 1,591,036,777,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-24/segments/1590347419593.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20200601180335-20200601210335-00026.warc.gz | 858,810,634 | 11,198 | # How to find Sump/Tank capacity ?
How to find Sump/Tank capacity OR How many liters can be stored in your tank/sump?
1. To find out your sump capacity first you need to have length, width and depth of your sump/tank in feet
2. Multiply length, width and depth of your sump to find out cubic area of your tank/sump.
3. 1 feet cube area(1′ length * 1′ width * 1′ height) will store upto 28 ltrs of water.
4. So multiply your sump cubic area with 28 and you will get your sump/tank water storage capacity in liters
5. Above formula will work only if your tank shape is in rectangle or square.
6. If at all there are different shapes then find out total area in cubic feet and multiply with 28 which will result number of liters
• Water pressure will be more on the edges of the tank. So avoid constructing sump/tank corners with 90 degrees like room walls.
• When you are constructing sump, have edges in a curved shape. so that water pressure will be diverted to a larger area. This will have some significant effect in the long run.
• While constructing sump, Manson will use iron mesh during plastering to avoid cracks.
• Sump and tank plastering should be completed at one stretch to avoid cracks.
• Do not use low quality brick for sumps and tanks.
• Keep sump door always towards street side. so that tankers can pour water easily
• Keep 3″ pipe connection to the sump from outside. So that water tankers can directly pour water from outside | 363 | 1,450 | {"found_math": false, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 2.859375 | 3 | CC-MAIN-2020-24 | latest | en | 0.863928 |
https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/112579/converging-series-question-prove-that-if-sum-n-1-infty-a-n2-converge?noredirect=1 | 1,561,564,883,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-26/segments/1560628000367.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20190626154459-20190626180459-00020.warc.gz | 523,048,052 | 37,823 | Converging series question, Prove that if $\sum_{n=1}^{\infty} a_n^{2}$ converges, then does $\sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \frac {a_n}{n}$
Prove that if $\sum_{n=1}^{\infty} a_n^{2}$ converges, then does $\sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \frac {a_n}{n}$
For this I have shown the case for when $a_n^{2} \le\frac {|a_n|}{n}$ $\Rightarrow$ $|a_n|\le\frac {1}{n}$ $\Rightarrow$ $\frac {|a_n|}{n} \le \frac{1}{n^{2}}$ and we know that $\sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \frac {1}{n^{2}}$ converges and hence $\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\frac {a_n}{n}$ converges by the comparison test. Now considering $a_n^{2} \ge\frac {|a_n|}{n}$ $\Rightarrow$ $\frac {|a_n|}{n} \le a_n^{2}$ $\rightarrow$ combining the two cases for any n we have: $\frac {|a_n|}{n}\le\frac{1}{n^{2}}+a_n^{2}$ Hence using the comparion test again we know that $\sum_{n=1}^{\infty} a_n^{2}$ converges and $\sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \frac {1}{n^{2}}$ converges hence the sum converges so we can conclude that $\sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \frac {a_n}{n}$ is absoluetly convergent $\Rightarrow$ convergent. Not to sure if this is correct, any help would be much appreciated, many thanks.
• Great question! It is easy to check that this series converges since you know $\ell^2$ is Hilbert. But it is a very hard insight when you think only using the basic real Analysis. – checkmath Feb 23 '12 at 22:14
• Many thanks I really appreciate the help. – user24930 Feb 24 '12 at 19:34
• can you explain the transition for which ${a_n}^2 \leq \frac{|a_n|}{n} \Longrightarrow \frac{|a_n|}{n} \leq \frac{1}{n^2} + {a_n}^2$ ? – Jneven Jan 23 at 14:41
• @Jneven $a_n^2 = |a_n||a_n|$, thus it follows that $a_n^2 \leq \frac{|a_n|}{n} \implies |a_n| \leq \frac{1}{n} \implies \frac{|a_n|}{n} \leq \frac{1}{n^2}$. You can add anything you'd like to the right side as long as it is nonnegative and the inequality will still hold. – Chase K Jan 28 at 19:37
What you did is correct; in fact you can show that if $\{a_n\}$ and $\{b_n\}$ are two sequences of real numbers and $\sum_{n\geq 0}a_n^2$ and $\sum_{n\geq 0}b_n^2$ are convergent then the series $\sum_{n=0}^{+\infty}|a_nb_n|$ is convergent, noting that $0\leq |a_nb_n|\leq \max(a_n^2,b_n^2)\leq a_n^2+b_n^2$.
Your particular case is $b_n=\frac 1n$.
• Many thanks really appreciate it. – user24930 Feb 24 '12 at 19:35
• Instead of $\sum {a_n}^2$, Let $a_n$ positive terms. if $\sum_{n=1}^\infty (a_n)^{3/2}<\infty$ then will $\sum_{n=1}^\infty a_n/n$ converges? – Unknown x May 3 at 16:16
Another approach is to note that for any positive integer $N,$ we have $\sum_{n=1}^{N} \frac{|a_n|}{n} \leq \sqrt{ \sum_{n= 1}^{N} a_{n}^{2}} \sqrt{ \sum_{n=1}^{N} \frac{1}{n^2}}$, and this is in turn less than $\frac{\pi}{\sqrt{6}}\sqrt{ \sum_{n= 1}^{N} a_{n}^{2} }.$ The first inequality follows by the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality, and the second follows by Euler's formula $\frac{\pi^2}{6} = \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \frac{1}{n^2}.$
• Many thanks really appreciate it. – user24930 Feb 24 '12 at 19:35
• Great answer :) – MathMan Jan 27 '15 at 16:18
You are right.. you can also simplify things further using that $|ab| \leq {a^2 + b^2\over 2}$ for any $a$ and $b$, so that $|{a_n \over n}| \leq {a_n^2 \over 2} + {1 \over 2n^2}$ and thus your series converges absolutely as you are saying.
• Many thanks really appreciate it. – user24930 Feb 24 '12 at 19:35 | 1,257 | 3,294 | {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 1, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 4.40625 | 4 | CC-MAIN-2019-26 | latest | en | 0.707128 |
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https://1library.net/title/pressure-pressure-derivative-interpretation-naturally-fractured-compressible-formations | 1,660,194,291,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571234.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811042804-20220811072804-00733.warc.gz | 101,694,918 | 29,059 | # Top PDF Pressure and pressure derivative interpretation for vertical wells in naturally fractured and compressible formations
### Pressure and pressure derivative interpretation for vertical wells in naturally fractured and compressible formations
From the well testing point of view a homogeneous variation of the permeability is accounted by the permeability modulus which was introduced by Pedrosa (1986) and defined by Equation (10). Since then, several researchers have been presented. Escobar, Urazan and Trujillo (2018) recent presented a methodology for well test pressure interpretation in stress sensitive formations drained by horizontal wells. They did a good review of existing literature. Escobar et al (1996) studied the effect of the poisson ratio and the young modulus on well pressure behavior. Duan et al (1998) performed a sensitive analysis by numerical simulation and lab tests to study the influence of stress on naturally fractured parameters. They concluded that the sensitivities are generated mainly by the network of fractures.
### PRESSURE TRANSIENT BEHAVIOUR OF A HORIZONTAL STEAM INJECTION WELL IN A NATURALLY FRACTURED RESERVOIR
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### Characterization of the naturally fractured reservoir parameters in infinite conductivity hydraulically fractured vertical wells by transient pressure analysis
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### Pressure derivative analysis for horizontal wells in shale reservoirs under trilinear flow conditions
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pendent. Arterial pressure increase does most likely not only reflect left ventricular contractility, but is probably also affected by various variables which influence arterial compliance and pulse wave reflection, such as vascu- lar filling conditions, vasoactive drugs, and aortic impedance (Zc). Aging and numerous cardiovascular diseases common in cardiac surgery, e.g. arterial hypertension, lead to aortic stiffening responsible for an increased aortic impedance. Various methods to measure and estimate the individual Zc have been described [8] [16], however, due to the retrospective character of the study, Zc could not be assessed and included into the calculation of tan in .
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The coronary vasoconstrictor properties of digitals were evaluated in 61 anesthetized, openchest dogs after coronary sinus cannulation and under conditions of a constant heart rate (atrioventricular pacing) and near-constant blood pressure. The contribution of alpha adrenergic receptor stimulation to the digitalis-induced increase in coronary vascular resistance (CVR) was examined. With Na pentobarbital anesthesia (16 dogs), intravenous acetylstrophanthidin (0.5 mg) caused a significant (P<0.05) rise in CVR from 1 through 9 min after injection. The peak increase was +11±2% SE of the control of 1.8±0.2 mm Hg/cm 3 /min. The mean time to peak effect was 3 min, and to recovery was 21 min. Prior alpha adrenergic receptor blockade with phenoxybenzamine in 11 animals reduced (P<0.05) the acetylstrophanthidin-induced peak of CVR and substantially decreased (P<0.05) the time to recovery (5 min). Intravenous digoxin (1.0 mg) with Na pentobarbital anesthesia (five dogs) had no significant effect on CVR. However, with chloralose and urethane anesthesia (nine dogs) the same dose of digoxin produced a significant rise in CVR from 3 through 30 min. The peak increase was +20±3% of control (1.4±0.1 mm Hg/cm 3 /min). One-third the dose of intravenous digoxin (0.35 mg) produced a 9.5±1.0% increase in CVR (five additional dogs). Myocardial oxygen consumption did not change significantly in nine dogs after intravenous digoxin. In 10 additional dogs pretreated with phenoxy-benzamine and in 7 dogs pretreated […]
### A Reinterpretation of Historic Aquifer Tests of Two Hydraulically Fractured Wells by Application of Inverse Analysis, Derivative Analysis, and Diagnostic Plots
The most useful tool for determining aquifer properties and estimating reliable yields of wells is the aquifer pumping test. The common graphical method of fitting type curves to data on a log-log plot to derive aquifer constants provides simple solutions to inverse problems, but can be subjective in nature and is prone to errors in individual judgment. The primary reason for these errors is that type curves representing different flow mechan- isms often have such similar shapes that each can provide relatively good visual fits to the same set of data. Computer assisted inverse analysis techniques, the process by which a theoretical curve is numerically fitted to a data set is generally regarded as less subject to individual bias. However, choice of incorrect models, for exam- ple, may still result in acceptable model fits to a data set even though the results are incorrect [32]. The possibil- ity of choosing an incorrect model based on an inadequate knowledge of site hydrogeology led Johns et al. [33] to state that the graphical method for aquifer test analysis represents a compliment to inverse analysis of aquifer tests. | 3,300 | 16,277 | {"found_math": false, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 2.546875 | 3 | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | latest | en | 0.90795 |
http://slideplayer.com/slide/4057554/ | 1,529,592,512,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-26/segments/1529267864172.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20180621133636-20180621153636-00242.warc.gz | 289,750,261 | 25,349 | Daniel Kroening and Ofer Strichman 1 Decision Procedures An Algorithmic Point of View SAT.
Presentation on theme: "Daniel Kroening and Ofer Strichman 1 Decision Procedures An Algorithmic Point of View SAT."— Presentation transcript:
Daniel Kroening and Ofer Strichman 1 Decision Procedures An Algorithmic Point of View SAT
Decision Procedures An algorithmic point of view2 Part I Reminders - What is Logic Proofs by deduction Proofs by enumeration Decidability, Soundness and Completeness some notes on Propositional Logic Deciding Propositional Logic SAT tools BDDs
Decision Procedures An algorithmic point of view3 Next: Deciding Propositional Formulas SAT solvers Binary Decision Diagrams
Decision Procedures An algorithmic point of view4 Given in CNF: (x,y,z),(-x,y),(-y,z),(-x,-y,-z) Decide() BCP() Resolve_Conflict() X XX XX A Basic SAT algorithm
Decision Procedures An algorithmic point of view5 SAT made some progress…
Decision Procedures An algorithmic point of view6 While (true) { if (!Decide()) return (SAT); while (!BCP()) if (!Resolve_Conflict()) return (UNSAT); } Choose the next variable and value. Return False if all variables are assigned Apply repeatedly the unit clause rule. Return False if reached a conflict Backtrack until no conflict. Return False if impossible A Basic SAT algorithm
Decision Procedures An algorithmic point of view7 Basic Backtracking Search Organize the search in the form of a decision tree Each node corresponds to a decision Definition: Decision Level (DL) is the depth of the node in the decision tree. Notation: x=v@d x 2 {0,1} is assigned to v at decision level d
Decision Procedures An algorithmic point of view8 Backtracking Search in Action 1 = (x 2 x 3 ) 2 = ( x 1 x 4 ) 3 = ( x 2 x 4 ) 1 = (x 2 x 3 ) 2 = ( x 1 x 4 ) 3 = ( x 2 x 4 ) x 1 x 1 = 0@1 {(x 1,0), (x 2,0), (x 3,1)} x 2 x 2 = 0@2 {(x 1,1), (x 2,0), (x 3,1), (x 4,0)} x 1 = 1@1 x 3 = 1@2 x 4 = 0@1 x 2 = 0@1 x 3 = 1@1 No backtrack in this example, regardless of the decision!
Decision Procedures An algorithmic point of view9 Backtracking Search in Action 1 = (x 2 x 3 ) 2 = ( x 1 x 4 ) 3 = ( x 2 x 4 ) 4 = ( x 1 x 2 x 3 ) 1 = (x 2 x 3 ) 2 = ( x 1 x 4 ) 3 = ( x 2 x 4 ) 4 = ( x 1 x 2 x 3 ) Add a clause x 4 = 0@1 x 2 = 0@1 x 3 = 1@1 conflict {(x 1,0), (x 2,0), (x 3,1)} x 2 x 2 = 0@2 x 3 = 1@2 x 1 = 0@1 x 1 x 1 = 1@1
Decision Procedures An algorithmic point of view10 Status of a clause A clause can be Satisfied: at least one literal is satisfied Unsatisfied: all literals are assigned but non are satisfied Unit: all but one literals are assigned but none are satisfied Unresolved: all other cases Example: C = ( x 1 Ç x 2 Ç x 3 ) x1x1 x2x2 x3x3 C 10Satisfied 000Unsatisfied 00Unit 0Unresolved
Decision Procedures An algorithmic point of view11 For a given variable x : C x p – # unresolved clauses in which x appears positively C x n - # unresolved clauses in which x appears negatively Let x be the literal for which C xp is maximal Let y be the literal for which C yn is maximal If C xp > C yn choose x and assign it TRUE Otherwise choose y and assign it FALSE Requires l (#literals) queries for each decision. DLIS (Dynamic Largest Individual Sum) – choose the assignment that increases the most the number of satisfied clauses Decision heuristics - DLIS
Decision Procedures An algorithmic point of view12 Compute for every clause and every variable l (in each phase): J ( l ) := Choose a variable l that maximizes J ( l ). This gives an exponentially higher weight to literals in shorter clauses. Decision heuristics - JW Jeroslow-Wang method
Decision Procedures An algorithmic point of view13 Pause... We will see other (more advanced) decision Heuristics soon. These heuristics are integrated with a mechanism called Learning with Conflict-Clauses, which we will learn next.
Decision Procedures An algorithmic point of view14 55 55 x 6 =1@6 Implication graphs and learning: option #1 1 = ( x 1 x 2 ) 2 = ( x 1 x 3 x 9 ) 3 = ( x 2 x 3 x 4 ) 4 = ( x 4 x 5 x 10 ) 5 = ( x 4 x 6 x 11 ) 6 = ( x 5 x 6 ) 7 = (x 1 x 7 x 12 ) 8 = (x 1 x 8 ) 9 = ( x 7 x 8 x 13 ) 1 = ( x 1 x 2 ) 2 = ( x 1 x 3 x 9 ) 3 = ( x 2 x 3 x 4 ) 4 = ( x 4 x 5 x 10 ) 5 = ( x 4 x 6 x 11 ) 6 = ( x 5 x 6 ) 7 = (x 1 x 7 x 12 ) 8 = (x 1 x 8 ) 9 = ( x 7 x 8 x 13 ) Current truth assignment: {x 9 =0@1,x 10 =0@3, x 11 =0@3, x 12 =1@2, x 13 =1@2} Current decision assignment: {x 1 =1@6} 66 66 conflict x 9 =0@1 x 1 =1@6 x 10 =0@3 x 11 =0@3 x 5 =1@6 44 44 22 22 x 3 =1@6 11 x 2 =1@6 33 33 x 4 =1@6 We learn the conflict clause 10 : ( : x 1 Ç x 9 Ç x 11 Ç x 10 )
Decision Procedures An algorithmic point of view15 Implication graph, flipped assignment option #1 x 1 =0@6 x 11 =0@3 x 10 =0@3 x 9 =0@1 x 7 =1@6 x 12 =1@2 77 77 x 8 =1@6 88 10 99 99 ’’ x 13 =1@2 99 Due to the conflict clause 1 = ( x 1 x 2 ) 2 = ( x 1 x 3 x 9 ) 3 = ( x 2 x 3 x 4 ) 4 = ( x 4 x 5 x 10 ) 5 = ( x 4 x 6 x 11 ) 6 = ( x 5 x 6 ) 7 = (x 1 x 7 x 12 ) 8 = (x 1 x 8 ) 9 = ( x 7 x 8 x 13 ) 10 : ( : x 1 Ç x 9 Ç x 11 Ç x 10 ) 1 = ( x 1 x 2 ) 2 = ( x 1 x 3 x 9 ) 3 = ( x 2 x 3 x 4 ) 4 = ( x 4 x 5 x 10 ) 5 = ( x 4 x 6 x 11 ) 6 = ( x 5 x 6 ) 7 = (x 1 x 7 x 12 ) 8 = (x 1 x 8 ) 9 = ( x 7 x 8 x 13 ) 10 : ( : x 1 Ç x 9 Ç x 11 Ç x 10 ) No decision here Another conflict clause: 11 : ( : x 13 Ç : x 12 Ç x 11 Ç x 10 Ç x 9 ) where should we backtrack to now ?
Decision Procedures An algorithmic point of view16 Non-chronological backtracking Non- chronological backtracking x 1 4 5 6 ’’ Decision level Which assignments caused the conflicts ? x 9 = 0@1 x 10 = 0@3 x 11 = 0@3 x 12 = 1@2 x 13 = 1@2 Backtrack to DL = 3 3 These assignments Are sufficient for Causing a conflict.
Decision Procedures An algorithmic point of view17 Non-chronological backtracking So the rule is: backtrack to the largest decision level in the conflict clause. This works for both the initial conflict and the conflict after the flip. Q: What if the flipped assignment works? A: Change the decision retroactively.
Decision Procedures An algorithmic point of view18 Non-chronological Backtracking x 1 = 0 x 2 = 0 x 3 = 1 x 4 = 0 x 5 = 0 x 7 = 1 x 9 = 0 x 6 = 0... x 5 = 1 x 9 = 1 x 3 = 0
Decision Procedures An algorithmic point of view19 More Conflict Clauses Def: A Conflict Clause is any clause implied by the formula Let L be a set of literals labeling nodes that form a cut in the implication graph, separating the conflict node from the roots. Claim: Ç l 2 L : l is a Conflict Clause. 55 55 x 6 =1@6 66 66 conflict x 9 =0@1 x 1 =1@6 x 10 =0@3 x 11 =0@3 x 5 =1@6 44 44 22 22 x 3 =1@6 11 x 2 =1@6 33 33 x 4 =1@6 1. (x 10 Ç : x 1 Ç x 9 Ç x 11 ) 2. (x 10 Ç : x 4 Ç x 11 ) 3. (x 10 Ç : x 2 Ç : x 3 Ç x 11 ) 1 2 3
Decision Procedures An algorithmic point of view20 Conflict clauses How many clauses should we add ? If not all, then which ones ? Shorter ones ? Check their influence on the backtracking level ? The most “influential” ?
Decision Procedures An algorithmic point of view21 Conflict clauses Def: An Asserting Clause is a Conflict Clause with a single literal from the current decision level. Backtracking (to the right level) makes it a Unit clause. Asserting clauses are those that force an immediate change in the search path. Modern solvers only consider Asserting Clauses.
Decision Procedures An algorithmic point of view22 Unique Implication Points (UIP’s) Definition: A Unique Implication Point (UIP) is an internal node in the Implication Graph that all paths from the decision to the conflict node go through it. The First-UIP is the closest UIP to the conflict. 55 55 66 66 conflict 44 44 22 22 11 33 33 UIP
Decision Procedures An algorithmic point of view23 Conflict-driven backtracking (option #2) Conflict clause: ( x 10 Ç : x 4 Ç x 11 ) With standard Non-Chronological Backtracking we backtracked to DL = 6. Conflict-driven Backtrack: backtrack to the second highest decision level in the clause (without erasing it). In this case, to DL = 3. Q: why? conflict x 10 =0@3 x 11 =0@3 x 4 =1@6
Decision Procedures An algorithmic point of view24 Conflict-driven Non-chronological Backtracking x 1 = 0 x 2 = 0 x 3 = 1 x 4 = 0 x 5 = 0 x 5 = 1 x 7 = 1 x 3 = 1 x 9 = 0 x 9 = 1 x 6 = 0...
Decision Procedures An algorithmic point of view25 Decision Conflict Decision Level Time work invested in refuting x =1 (some of it seems wasted) C x =1 Refutation of x =1 C1C1 C5C5 C4C4 C3C3 C2C2 Progress of a SAT solver BCP
Decision Procedures An algorithmic point of view26 Conflict-Driven Backtracking So the rule is: backtrack to the second highest decision level dl, but do not erase it. This way the literal with the currently highest decision level will be implied in DL = dl. Q: what if the conflict clause has a single literal ? For example, from ( x Ç : y ) Æ ( x Ç y ) and decision x =0, we learn the conflict clause ( x ).
Decision Procedures An algorithmic point of view27 Conflict clauses and Resolution The Binary-resolution is a sound inference rule: Example:
Decision Procedures An algorithmic point of view28 Consider the following example: Conflict clause: c 5 : ( x 2 Ç : x 4 Ç x 10 ) Conflict clauses and resolution
Decision Procedures An algorithmic point of view29 Conflict clause: c 5 : ( x 2 Ç : x 4 Ç x 10 ) Resolution order: x 4, x 5, x 6, x 7 T1 = Res(c 4,c 3,x 7 ) = ( : x 5 Ç : x 6 ) T2 = Res(T1, c 2, x 6 ) = ( : x 4 Ç : x 5 Ç X 10 ) T3 = Res(T2,c 1,x 5 ) = (x 2 Ç : x 4 Ç x 10 ) Conflict clauses and resolution
Decision Procedures An algorithmic point of view30 Applied to our example: Finding the conflict clause: cl is asserting the first UIP
Decision Procedures An algorithmic point of view31 The Resolution-Graph keeps track of the “inference relation” 11 22 33 44 55 66 10 77 88 99 11 77 77 88 10 99 99 ’ conflict 55 55 66 66 conflict 44 44 22 22 11 33 33 99 Resolution Graph
Decision Procedures An algorithmic point of view32 The resolution graph What is it good for ? Example: for computing an Unsatisfiable core [Picture Borrowed from Zhang, Malik SAT’03]
33 Resolution graph: example L :L : Inferred clauses Empty clause Original clauses Unsatisfiable core learning
Decision Procedures An algorithmic point of view34 (Implemented in Chaff) VSIDS (Variable State Independent Decaying Sum) Decision heuristics - VSIDS 1.Each variable in each polarity has a counter initialized to 0. 2. When a clause is added, the counters are updated. 3. The unassigned variable with the highest counter is chosen. 4. Periodically, all the counters are divided by a constant.
Decision Procedures An algorithmic point of view35 Decision heuristics – VSIDS (cont’d) Chaff holds a list of unassigned variables sorted by the counter value. Updates are needed only when adding conflict clauses. Thus - decision is made in constant time.
Decision Procedures An algorithmic point of view36 VSIDS is a ‘quasi-static’ strategy: - static because it doesn’t depend on current assignment - dynamic because it gradually changes. Variables that appear in recent conflicts have higher priority. This strategy is a conflict-driven decision strategy. “..employing this strategy dramatically (i.e. an order of magnitude) improved performance... “ Decision heuristics VSIDS (cont’d)
Decision Procedures An algorithmic point of view37 Decision Heuristics - Berkmin Keep conflict clauses in a stack Choose the first unresolved clause in the stack If there is no such clause, use VSIDS Choose from this clause a variable + value according to some scoring (e.g. VSIDS) This gives absolute priority to conflicts.
Decision Procedures An algorithmic point of view38 Berkmin heuristic tail- first conflict clause
Decision Procedures An algorithmic point of view39 The SAT competitions
Decision Procedures An algorithmic point of view40 End of SAT (for now) Beginning of Binary Decision Diagrams
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Lars Hanson
All,
This week’s Rogue Riddle takes a page out of Gary Hallock’s riddles.
Please respond to this issue, and not to the previous one. No changes in he riddles, just to the subject line. (Thanks for the catch, Gary.)
<><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><>
Rogue Riddle #1071
Fate
This week’s Rogue Riddle consists of six riddles. With a few exceptions, each riddle has two answers which sound similar. Both answers are required for full credit. Most of these are very easy, but, as usual, there are one or two “4.0 busters” in the mix.
Once the six riddles have been answered, seven of the words among the answers can be rearranged to answer the final question.
As always, effort has gone into the setup wording to provide necessary clues. Please note the following:
Riddles of the form “What is the difference between ...?” may be Spoonerisms or homophones.
The work BLANK may represent one or more words. It is up to you, the solver, to determine how many words replace the BLANK.
The indefinite article preceding a BLANK will always be “a”. It never will indicate the starting letter of the word or words to be substituted for the BLANK. However, the presence of a definite or indefinite article does indicate that what follows is a noun.
The riddle will until 5:00 p.m. EDT on Tuesday. As usual, the first person to solve all the riddles will be declared the winner and will host Rogue Riddle 1072 next week. If no one has solved all the riddles by 5:00 p.m. EDT on Tuesday, the one with the most correct answers will be declared the winner.
Now, on to the riddles.
<><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><>
1. Why is a Jamaican denial like part of a sundial? One is a BLANK and the other also is a BLANK.
2. What is the difference between hints for using the lav and kissers? One are BLANK, while the others are BLANK.
3. What is the difference between a Norwegian-American expression of dismay and a bad golfer? One is BLANK, while the other is a BLANK.
4. His voice was a BLANK so they called him “Pony.”
5. What is the difference between small, hard seeds which cause people distress swallowing and counters for a card game? One are BLANK, while the others are BLANK.
6. Why is the description of a toddler who has lost his mind like a type of sailing rig? One is BLANK and he other is BLANK.
The Final Question: They are coming for all of us! Who are they?
<><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><>
As always, it would be great to see some new faces this week!
Please remember to ensure your answers are directed to me. You should be able just to hit “Reply” (thanks, Norm!), but to be certain you may address all guesses, surmises, suppositions, estimates, conjectures, SWAG’s, stabs, pokes, and other such directly to me at:
To avoid public guesses (guesses posted to the PUNY list instead of guesses sent to the host), please ensure your guesses are addressed to me at the address above.
Aloha,
Lars
=================================
Re: PUNY has gone to the dogs
gary hallock
My dog has only one nostril. He’s just a half-breathe, but the Pillsbury Dough Boy has a dog who is pure bread.
A: What tree would have the most bark?
A: A dog would.
I hate it when I get in trouble with my spouse and end up sleeping in the doghouse. I always wake up with mastiff neck.
I’m a bit dyslexic so I bought a Garyhound.
Donald Trump’s favorite dog? ~ His Sharpie!
Rodeo rider’s favorite dog? ~ Lasso Apso
Bernie Sanders doesn’t have a dog. ~ This ain’t Bernards!
Gary Hallock
=========
Speaking of Gary’s dachshund reminds me of the advice that should be given to those dogs if they can’t find a fire hydrant or a tree: “Get a lawn, little doggie.”
As for Doug’s border dog, did you hear about the dog that ate cantaloupe? He felt rather melon collie.
Jim
=============
Forget putting U.S. troops to patrol illegals crossing the Rio Grande, just get a few dozen Border Collies
Doug S.
==========
The dog next door was always running away. The military thought that might be a useful trait, so they cloned him. They asked me to look after the clone. So my dog's a bit of a rover.
It's a very big dog - an Irish Doodle*; but we have the space so that's just dandy.
I kept hearing this dog cough. Then I realised; it's a Husky.
I put my German Shepherd in for the local dog show. No luck; they pointed out he's the foreign man who looks after my sheep.
Joseph *Yes, that is a breed.
==============
Took my pooch to the vet because he couldn’t bark. I thought it might be laryngitis but apparently dogs don’t get that. Turns out he had something called “Irritable bow-wow syndrome.”
I told my son that he couldn’t bring his wiener dog onto our sailboat. “They don’t allow dogs on the dock, son.”
Gary Hallock
==========
I've often told my wife, "Without U, I'm a lonely Dog"
Doug Spector
===============
Doug, if your dog behaves like that at Christmas, you should say to him, “Felix naughty dog.”
Jim
===============
I adopted my dog from the pound on a Wednesday. Now, he celebrates everyday as Hump Day
Doug Spector
======
Speaking of Gary’s pun …
As they sing in animal shelters, “You Ain’t Nothin’ But a Pound Dog.”
Jim
==============
My car wouldn't start, so I had to carry my injured dog to the vet where I finally put him down
Doug Spector
=============
Rescue dogs are easy to acquire. They are sold by the pound.
Gary Hallock
===================
Speaking of Joseph’s puns …
A dog with a broken tail has a weak end.
Why should you never buy a watchdog that's on sale? Because a bargain dog never bites.
An orthodontist’s dog’s bark is worse than his overbite.
A church’s pastor taught his dog to heal.
What does a dog use for playing golf? A kennel club.
Jim
===========
Don't let my dog start talking, he has a very long tail.
My dog gets very rough sometimes, so I took away his pet. Now I have the hare of the dog that bit me.
My dog is very careful in the woods, because trees also have bark.
I was going to have my dog groomed, but I went to the church by mistake!
I wanted to make a special house for my dog, so I asked the wood merchant who could do the job; he replied "Ken'l".
Joseph
============
Doug Spector
==============
When the dark horse candidate’s momentum went to the dogs, he decided to bow-wowt of the race.
Jim
==============
My dog was walking down the street with a bow tie on his collar. Another dog looked approvingly at him and said bow wow.
Dave Perry
From: main@puny.groups.io [mailto:main@puny.groups.ioOn Behalf Of James Ertner
Sent: Friday, April 16, 2021 1:07 PM
To: main@puny.groups.io
Subject: [puny] PUNY has gone to the dogs
I don’t want to keep hounding you on the subject, but Gary H is like a thoroughbred dog who gets hotter than a mongrel in the summer … because he has more pedigrees.
Jim
=============
I beg to diffur. You are already the master- to some degree- of animal puns. Even more so than Gary Howlock.
GR
================================================
Before doing that, I might have to earn a bark-alaureate degree.
Jim
======
Yikes! Then we might start doing puns in doggerel?
GR
====================
Yes, like a tin can tied to a dog’s tail, it’s bound to oc-cur.
Jim
==============
Does this indicate that now cursing is encuraged on PUNY?
GR
=============================
To err is human; to make dog puns, canine.
Or, to err is human; two curs, canine.
Jim Ertner
=================
I gave my dog some leftover beef ribs and told him, "Bone Appetit"
Doug Spector
==========
All those cat calls worked out so well last Friday, I thought it only fair for us to give equal time to the canine community this week. We’ll start the thread off with yet another few quips lifted from the PunGents vast archive. Www.pungents.com
Dogs who attack with no provocation are considered terrierists.
Shaking hands with a dog always gives me paws.
What is the cur rent price to lease a dog?
====================
Don’t take off-fence at the dog in your neighbor’s back yard. You may get more than you’re barkin’ for.
If you’re going to let your dog run free, make sure he has collar ID. It’s the leash you can do.
I was hopeful I might turn my dog into a vegetarian by planting a garden in my back yard. He wasn’t interested. Of course he took a few leeks, but most of the veggies would just Rottweiler dog continued to crave a bone meal.
Gary Hallock
--
Gary (Immodest Moderator) Hallock, Leerless Feeder
_._,_._,_
--
Gary (Immodest Moderator) Hallock, Leerless Feeder
Rogue Riddle 1071 - Fate
Lars Hanson
All,
This week’s Rogue Riddle takes a page out of Gary Hallock’s riddles..
<><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><>
Rogue Riddle #1071
Fate
This week’s Rogue Riddle consists of six riddles. With a few exceptions, each riddle has two answers which sound similar. Both answers are required for full credit. Most of these are very easy, but, as usual, there are one or two “4.0 busters” in the mix.
Once the six riddles have been answered, seven of the words among the answers can be rearranged to answer the final question.
As always, effort has gone into the setup wording to provide necessary clues. Please note the following:
Riddles of the form “What is the difference between ...?” may be Spoonerisms or homophones.
The work BLANK may represent one or more words. It is up to you, the solver, to determine how many words replace the BLANK.
The indefinite article preceding a BLANK will always be “a”. It never will indicate the starting letter of the word or words to be substituted for the BLANK. However, the presence of a definite or indefinite article does indicate that what follows is a noun.
The riddle will until 5:00 p.m. EDT on Tuesday. As usual, the first person to solve all the riddles will be declared the winner and will host Rogue Riddle 1072 next week. If no one has solved all the riddles by 5:00 p.m. EDT on Tuesday, the one with the most correct answers will be declared the winner.
Now, on to the riddles.
<><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><>
1. Why is a Jamaican denial like part of a sundial? One is a BLANK and the other also is a BLANK.
2. What is the difference between hints for using the lav and kissers? One are BLANK, while the others are BLANK.
3. What is the difference between a Norwegian-American expression of dismay and a bad golfer? One is BLANK, while the other is a BLANK.
4. His voice was a BLANK so they called him “Pony.”
5. What is the difference between small, hard seeds which cause people distress swallowing and counters for a card game? One are BLANK, while the others are BLANK.
6. Why is the description of a toddler who has lost his mind like a type of sailing rig? One is BLANK and he other is BLANK.
The Final Question: They are coming for all of us! Who are they?
<><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><>
As always, it would be great to see some new faces this week!
Please remember to ensure your answers are directed to me. You should be able just to hit “Reply” (thanks, Norm!), but to be certain you may address all guesses, surmises, suppositions, estimates, conjectures, SWAG’s, stabs, pokes, and other such directly to me at:
To avoid public guesses (guesses posted to the PUNY list instead of guesses sent to the host), please ensure your guesses are addressed to me at the address above.
Aloha,
Lars
=================================
PUNY has gone to the dogs
James Ertner
Speaking of Gary’s dachshund reminds me of the advice that should be given to those dogs if they can’t find a fire hydrant or a tree: “Get a lawn, little doggie.”
As for Doug’s border dog, did you hear about the dog hat ate cantaloupe? He felt rather melon collie.
Jim
=============
Forget putting U.S. troops to patrol illegals crossing the Rio Grande, just get a few dozen Border Collies
Doug S.
==========
The dog next door was always running away. The military thought that might be a useful trait, so they cloned him. They asked me to look after the clone. So my dog's a bit of a rover.
It's a very big dog - an Irish Doodle*; but we have the space so that's just dandy.
I kept hearing this dog cough. Then I realised; it's a Husky.
I put my German Shepherd in for the local dog show. No luck; they pointed out he's the foreign man who looks aftrer my sheep.
Joseph *Yes, that is a breed.
==============
Took my pooch to the vet because he couldn’t bark. I thought it might be laryngitis but apparently dogs don’t get that. Turns out he had something called “Irritable bow-wow syndrome.”
I told my son that he couldn’t bring his wiener dog onto our sailboat. “They don’t allow dogs on the dock, son.”
Gary Hallock
==========
I've often told my wife, "Without U, I'm a lonely Dog"
Doug Spector
===============
Doug, if your dog behaves like that at Christmas, you should say to him, “Felix naughty dog.”
Jim
===============
I adopted my dog from the pound on a Wednesday. Now, he celebrates everyday as Hump Day
Doug Spector
======
Speaking of Gary’s pun …
As they sing in animal shelters, “You Ain’t Nothin’ But a Pound Dog.”
Jim
==============
My car wouldn't start, so I had to carry my injured dog to the vet where I finally put him down
Doug Spector
=============
Rescue dogs are easy to acquire. They are sold by the pound.
Gary Hallock
===================
Speaking of Joseph’s puns …
A dog with a broken tail has a weak end.
Why should you never buy a watchdog that's on sale? Because a bargain dog never bites.
An orthodontist’s dog’s bark is worse than his overbite.
A church’s pastor taught his dog to heal.
What does a dog use for playing golf? A kennel club.
Jim
===========
Don't let my dog start talking, he has a very long tail.
My dog gets very rough sometimes, so I took away his pet. Now I have the hare of the dog that bit me.
My dog is very careful in the woods, because trees also have bark.
I was going to have my dog groomed, but I went to the church by mistake!
I wanted to make a special house for my dog, so I asked the wood merchant who could do the job; he replied "Ken'l".
Joseph
============
Doug Spector
==============
When the dark horse candidate’s momentum went to the dogs, he decided to bow-wowt of the race.
Jim
==============
My dog was walking down the street with a bow tie on his collar. Another dog looked approvingly at him and said bow wow.
Dave Perry
From: main@puny.groups.io [mailto:main@puny.groups.ioOn Behalf Of James Ertner
Sent: Friday, April 16, 2021 1:07 PM
To: main@puny.groups.io
Subject: [puny] PUNY has gone to the dogs
I don’t want to keep hounding you on the subject, but Gary H is like a thoroughbred dog who gets hotter than a mongrel in the summer … because he has more pedigrees.
Jim
=============
I beg to diffur. You are already the master- to some degree- of animal puns. Even more so than Gary Howlock.
GR
================================================
Before doing that, I might have to earn a bark-alaureate degree.
Jim
======
Yikes! Then we might start doing puns in doggerel?
GR
====================
Yes, like a tin can tied to a dog’s tail, it’s bound to oc-cur.
Jim
==============
Does this indicate that now cursing is encuraged on PUNY?
GR
=============================
To err is human; to make dog puns, canine.
Or, to err is human; two curs, canine.
Jim Ertner
=================
I gave my dog some leftover beef ribs and told him, "Bone Appetit"
Doug Spector
==========
All those cat calls worked out so well last Friday, I thought it only fair for us to give equal time to the canine community this week. We’ll start the thread off with yet another few quips lifted from the PunGents vast archive. Www.pungents.com
Dogs who attack with no provocation are considered terrierists.
Shaking hands with a dog always gives me paws.
What is the cur rent price to lease a dog?
====================
Don’t take off-fence at the dog in your neighbor’s back yard. You may get more than you’re barkin’ for.
If you’re going to let your dog run free, make sure he has collar ID. It’s the leash you can do.
I was hopeful I might turn my dog into a vegetarian by planting a garden in my back yard. He wasn’t interested. Of course he took a few leeks, but most of the veggies would just Rottweiler dog continued to crave a bone meal.
Gary Hallock
--
Gary (Immodest Moderator) Hallock, Leerless Feeder
--
Gary (Immodest Moderator) Hallock, Leerless Feeder
--
Doug Spector
Rogue Riddle 1071 —Warning
Lars Hanson
All,
Rogue Riddle #1071 will launch shortly.
Aloha,
Lars
======================
Re: PUNY has gone to the dogs
doug
Forget putting U.S. troops to patrol illegals crossing the Rio Grande, just get a few dozen Border Collies
Doug S.
==========
The dog next door was always running away. The military thought that might be a useful trait, so they cloned him. They asked me to look after the clone. So my dog's a bit of a rover.
It's a very big dog - an Irish Doodle*; but we have the space so that's just dandy.
I kept hearing this dog cough. Then I realised; it's a Husky.
I put my German Shepherd in for the local dog show. No luck; they pointed out he's the foreign man who looks aftrer my sheep.
Joseph *Yes, that is a breed.
==============
Took my pooch to the vet because he couldn’t bark. I thought it might be laryngitis but apparently dogs don’t get that. Turns out he had something called “Irritable bow-wow syndrome.”
I told my son that he couldn’t bring his wiener dog onto our sailboat. “They don’t allow dogs on the dock, son.”
Gary Hallock
==========
I've often told my wife, "Without U, I'm a lonely Dog"
Doug Spector
===============
Doug, if your dog behaves like that at Christmas, you should say to him, “Felix naughty dog.”
Jim
===============
I adopted my dog from the pound on a Wednesday. Now, he celebrates everyday as Hump Day
Doug Spector
======
Speaking of Gary’s pun …
As they sing in animal shelters, “You Ain’t Nothin’ But a Pound Dog.”
Jim
==============
My car wouldn't start, so I had to carry my injured dog to the vet where I finally put him down
Doug Spector
=============
Rescue dogs are easy to acquire. They are sold by the pound.
Gary Hallock
===================
Speaking of Joseph’s puns …
A dog with a broken tail has a weak end.
Why should you never buy a watchdog that's on sale? Because a bargain dog never bites.
An orthodontist’s dog’s bark is worse than his overbite.
A church’s pastor taught his dog to heal.
What does a dog use for playing golf? A kennel club.
Jim
===========
Don't let my dog start talking, he has a very long tail.
My dog gets very rough sometimes, so I took away his pet. Now I have the hare of the dog that bit me.
My dog is very careful in the woods, because trees also have bark.
I was going to have my dog groomed, but I went to the church by mistake!
I wanted to make a special house for my dog, so I asked the wood merchant who could do the job; he replied "Ken'l".
Joseph
============
Doug Spector
==============
When the dark horse candidate’s momentum went to the dogs, he decided to bow-wowt of the race.
Jim
==============
My dog was walking down the street with a bow tie on his collar. Another dog looked approvingly at him and said bow wow.
Dave Perry
From: main@puny.groups.io [mailto:main@puny.groups.ioOn Behalf Of James Ertner
Sent: Friday, April 16, 2021 1:07 PM
To: main@puny.groups.io
Subject: [puny] PUNY has gone to the dogs
I don’t want to keep hounding you on the subject, but Gary H is like a thoroughbred dog who gets hotter than a mongrel in the summer … because he has more pedigrees.
Jim
=============
I beg to diffur. You are already the master- to some degree- of animal puns. Even more so than Gary Howlock.
GR
================================================
Before doing that, I might have to earn a bark-alaureate degree.
Jim
======
Yikes! Then we might start doing puns in doggerel?
GR
====================
Yes, like a tin can tied to a dog’s tail, it’s bound to oc-cur.
Jim
==============
Does this indicate that now cursing is encuraged on PUNY?
GR
=============================
To err is human; to make dog puns, canine.
Or, to err is human; two curs, canine.
Jim Ertner
=================
I gave my dog some leftover beef ribs and told him, "Bone Appetit"
Doug Spector
==========
All those cat calls worked out so well last Friday, I thought it only fair for us to give equal time to the canine community this week. We’ll start the thread off with yet another few quips lifted from the PunGents vast archive. Www.pungents.com
Dogs who attack with no provocation are considered terrierists.
Shaking hands with a dog always gives me paws.
What is the cur rent price to lease a dog?
====================
Don’t take off-fence at the dog in your neighbor’s back yard. You may get more than you’re barkin’ for.
If you’re going to let your dog run free, make sure he has collar ID. It’s the leash you can do.
I was hopeful I might turn my dog into a vegetarian by planting a garden in my back yard. He wasn’t interested. Of course he took a few leeks, but most of the veggies would just Rottweiler dog continued to crave a bone meal.
Gary Hallock
--
Gary (Immodest Moderator) Hallock, Leerless Feeder
--
Gary (Immodest Moderator) Hallock, Leerless Feeder
--
Doug Spector
Re: PUNY has gone to the dogs
Joseph Harris
The dog next door was always running away. The military thought that might be a useful trait, so they cloned him. They asked me to look after the clone. So my dog's a bit of a rover.
It's a very big dog - an Irish Doodle*; but we have the space so that's just dandy.
I kept hearing this dog cough. Then I realised; it's a Husky.
I put my German Shepherd in for the local dog show. No luck; they pointed out he's the foreign man who looks aftrer my sheep.
Joseph *Yes, that is a breed.
==============
Took my pooch to the vet because he couldn’t bark. I thought it might be laryngitis but apparently dogs don’t get that. Turns out he had something called “Irritable bow-wow syndrome.”
I told my son that he couldn’t bring his wiener dog onto our sailboat. “They don’t allow dogs on the dock, son.”
Gary Hallock
==========
I've often told my wife, "Without U, I'm a lonely Dog"
Doug Spector
===============
Doug, if your dog behaves like that at Christmas, you should say to him, “Felix naughty dog.”
Jim
===============
I adopted my dog from the pound on a Wednesday. Now, he celebrates everyday as Hump Day
Doug Spector
======
Speaking of Gary’s pun …
As they sing in animal shelters, “You Ain’t Nothin’ But a Pound Dog.”
Jim
==============
My car wouldn't start, so I had to carry my injured dog to the vet where I finally put him down
Doug Spector
=============
Rescue dogs are easy to acquire. They are sold by the pound.
Gary Hallock
===================
Speaking of Joseph’s puns …
A dog with a broken tail has a weak end.
Why should you never buy a watchdog that's on sale? Because a bargain dog never bites.
An orthodontist’s dog’s bark is worse than his overbite.
A church’s pastor taught his dog to heal.
What does a dog use for playing golf? A kennel club.
Jim
===========
Don't let my dog start talking, he has a very long tail.
My dog gets very rough sometimes, so I took away his pet. Now I have the hare of the dog that bit me.
My dog is very careful in the woods, because trees also have bark.
I was going to have my dog groomed, but I went to the church by mistake!
I wanted to make a special house for my dog, so I asked the wood merchant who could do the job; he replied "Ken'l".
Joseph
============
Doug Spector
==============
When the dark horse candidate’s momentum went to the dogs, he decided to bow-wowt of the race.
Jim
==============
My dog was walking down the street with a bow tie on his collar. Another dog looked approvingly at him and said bow wow.
Dave Perry
From: main@puny.groups.io [mailto:main@puny.groups.ioOn Behalf Of James Ertner
Sent: Friday, April 16, 2021 1:07 PM
To: main@puny.groups.io
Subject: [puny] PUNY has gone to the dogs
I don’t want to keep hounding you on the subject, but Gary H is like a thoroughbred dog who gets hotter than a mongrel in the summer … because he has more pedigrees.
Jim
=============
I beg to diffur. You are already the master- to some degree- of animal puns. Even more so than Gary Howlock.
GR
================================================
Before doing that, I might have to earn a bark-alaureate degree.
Jim
======
Yikes! Then we might start doing puns in doggerel?
GR
====================
Yes, like a tin can tied to a dog’s tail, it’s bound to oc-cur.
Jim
==============
Does this indicate that now cursing is encuraged on PUNY?
GR
=============================
To err is human; to make dog puns, canine.
Or, to err is human; two curs, canine.
Jim Ertner
=================
I gave my dog some leftover beef ribs and told him, "Bone Appetit"
Doug Spector
==========
All those cat calls worked out so well last Friday, I thought it only fair for us to give equal time to the canine community this week. We’ll start the thread off with yet another few quips lifted from the PunGents vast archive. Www.pungents.com
Dogs who attack with no provocation are considered terrierists.
Shaking hands with a dog always gives me paws.
What is the cur rent price to lease a dog?
====================
Don’t take off-fence at the dog in your neighbor’s back yard. You may get more than you’re barkin’ for.
If you’re going to let your dog run free, make sure he has collar ID. It’s the leash you can do.
I was hopeful I might turn my dog into a vegetarian by planting a garden in my back yard. He wasn’t interested. Of course he took a few leeks, but most of the veggies would just Rottweiler dog continued to crave a bone meal.
Gary Hallock
--
Gary (Immodest Moderator) Hallock, Leerless Feeder
--
Gary (Immodest Moderator) Hallock, Leerless Feeder
_._,_._,_
Re: PUNY has gone to the dogs
gary hallock
Took my pooch to the vet because he couldn’t bark. I thought it might be laryngitis but apparently dogs don’t get that. Turns out he had something called “Irritable bow-wow syndrome.”
I told my son that he couldn’t bring his wiener dog onto our sailboat. “They don’t allow dogs on the dock, son.”
Gary Hallock
==========
I've often told my wife, "Without U, I'm a lonely Dog"
Doug Spector
===============
Doug, if your dog behaves like that at Christmas, you should say to him, “Felix naughty dog.”
Jim
===============
I adopted my dog from the pound on a Wednesday. Now, he celebrates everyday as Hump Day
Doug Spector
======
Speaking of Gary’s pun …
As they sing in animal shelters, “You Ain’t Nothin’ But a Pound Dog.”
Jim
==============
My car wouldn't start, so I had to carry my injured dog to the vet where I finally put him down
Doug Spector
=============
Rescue dogs are easy to acquire. They are sold by the pound.
Gary Hallock
===================
Speaking of Joseph’s puns …
A dog with a broken tail has a weak end.
Why should you never buy a watchdog that's on sale? Because a bargain dog never bites.
An orthodontist’s dog’s bark is worse than his overbite.
A church’s pastor taught his dog to heal.
What does a dog use for playing golf? A kennel club.
Jim
===========
Don't let my dog start talking, he has a very long tail.
My dog gets very rough sometimes, so I took away his pet. Now I have the hare of the dog that bit me.
My dog is very careful in the woods, because trees also have bark.
I was going to have my dog groomed, but I went to the church by mistake!
I wanted to make a special house for my dog, so I asked the wood merchant who could do the job; he replied "Ken'l".
Joseph
============
Doug Spector
==============
When the dark horse candidate’s momentum went to the dogs, he decided to bow-wowt of the race.
Jim
==============
My dog was walking down the street with a bow tie on his collar. Another dog looked approvingly at him and said bow wow.
Dave Perry
From: main@puny.groups.io [mailto:main@puny.groups.ioOn Behalf Of James Ertner
Sent: Friday, April 16, 2021 1:07 PM
To: main@puny.groups.io
Subject: [puny] PUNY has gone to the dogs
I don’t want to keep hounding you on the subject, but Gary H is like a thoroughbred dog who gets hotter than a mongrel in the summer … because he has more pedigrees.
Jim
=============
I beg to diffur. You are already the master- to some degree- of animal puns. Even more so than Gary Howlock.
GR
================================================
Before doing that, I might have to earn a bark-alaureate degree.
Jim
======
Yikes! Then we might start doing puns in doggerel?
GR
====================
Yes, like a tin can tied to a dog’s tail, it’s bound to oc-cur.
Jim
==============
Does this indicate that now cursing is encuraged on PUNY?
GR
=============================
To err is human; to make dog puns, canine.
Or, to err is human; two curs, canine.
Jim Ertner
=================
I gave my dog some leftover beef ribs and told him, "Bone Appetit"
Doug Spector
==========
All those cat calls worked out so well last Friday, I thought it only fair for us to give equal time to the canine community this week. We’ll start the thread off with yet another few quips lifted from the PunGents vast archive. Www.pungents.com
Dogs who attack with no provocation are considered terrierists.
Shaking hands with a dog always gives me paws.
What is the cur rent price to lease a dog?
====================
Don’t take off-fence at the dog in your neighbor’s back yard. You may get more than you’re barkin’ for.
If you’re going to let your dog run free, make sure he has collar ID. It’s the leash you can do.
I was hopeful I might turn my dog into a vegetarian by planting a garden in my back yard. He wasn’t interested. Of course he took a few leeks, but most of the veggies would just Rottweiler dog continued to crave a bone meal.
Gary Hallock
--
Gary (Immodest Moderator) Hallock, Leerless Feeder
--
Gary (Immodest Moderator) Hallock, Leerless Feeder
Re: PUNY has gone to the dogs
doug
I've often told my wife, "Without U, I'm a lonely Dog"
Doug Spector
===============
Doug, if your dog behaves like that at Christmas, you should say to him, “Felix naughty dog.”
Jim
===============
I adopted my dog from the pound on a Wednesday. Now, he celebrates everyday as Hump Day
Doug Spector
======
Speaking of Gary’s pun …
As they sing in animal shelters, “You Ain’t Nothin’ But a Pound Dog.”
Jim
==============
My car wouldn't start, so I had to carry my injured dog to the vet where I finally put him down
Doug Spector
=============
Rescue dogs are easy to acquire. They are sold by the pound.
Gary Hallock
===================
Speaking of Joseph’s puns …
A dog with a broken tail has a weak end.
Why should you never buy a watchdog that's on sale? Because a bargain dog never bites.
An orthodontist’s dog’s bark is worse than his overbite.
A church’s pastor taught his dog to heal.
What does a dog use for playing golf? A kennel club.
Jim
===========
Don't let my dog start talking, he has a very long tail.
My dog gets very rough sometimes, so I took away his pet. Now I have the hare of the dog that bit me.
My dog is very careful in the woods, because trees also have bark.
I was going to have my dog groomed, but I went to the church by mistake!
I wanted to make a special house for my dog, so I asked the wood merchant who could do the job; he replied "Ken'l".
Joseph
============
Doug Spector
==============
When the dark horse candidate’s momentum went to the dogs, he decided to bow-wowt of the race.
Jim
==============
My dog was walking down the street with a bow tie on his collar. Another dog looked approvingly at him and said bow wow.
Dave Perry
From: main@puny.groups.io [mailto:main@puny.groups.ioOn Behalf Of James Ertner
Sent: Friday, April 16, 2021 1:07 PM
To: main@puny.groups.io
Subject: [puny] PUNY has gone to the dogs
I don’t want to keep hounding you on the subject, but Gary H is like a thoroughbred dog who gets hotter than a mongrel in the summer … because he has more pedigrees.
Jim
=============
I beg to diffur. You are already the master- to some degree- of animal puns. Even more so than Gary Howlock.
GR
================================================
Before doing that, I might have to earn a bark-alaureate degree.
Jim
======
Yikes! Then we might start doing puns in doggerel?
GR
====================
Yes, like a tin can tied to a dog’s tail, it’s bound to oc-cur.
Jim
==============
Does this indicate that now cursing is encuraged on PUNY?
GR
=============================
To err is human; to make dog puns, canine.
Or, to err is human; two curs, canine.
Jim Ertner
=================
I gave my dog some leftover beef ribs and told him, "Bone Appetit"
Doug Spector
==========
All those cat calls worked out so well last Friday, I thought it only fair for us to give equal time to the canine community this week. We’ll start the thread off with yet another few quips lifted from the PunGents vast archive. Www.pungents.com
Dogs who attack with no provocation are considered terrierists.
Shaking hands with a dog always gives me paws.
What is the cur rent price to lease a dog?
====================
Don’t take off-fence at the dog in your neighbor’s back yard. You may get more than you’re barkin’ for.
If you’re going to let your dog run free, make sure he has collar ID. It’s the leash you can do.
I was hopeful I might turn my dog into a vegetarian by planting a garden in my back yard. He wasn’t interested. Of course he took a few leeks, but most of the veggies would just Rottweiler dog continued to crave a bone meal.
Gary Hallock
--
Gary (Immodest Moderator) Hallock, Leerless Feeder
--
Doug
--
Gary (Immodest Moderator) Hallock, Leerless Feeder
--
Doug Spector
--
Doug Spector
--
Doug Spector
PUNY has gone to the dogs
James Ertner
Doug, if your dog behaves like that at Christmas, you should say to him, “Felix naughty dog.”
Jim
===============
I adopted my dog from the pound on a Wednesday. Now, he celebrates everyday as Hump Day
Doug Spector
======
Speaking of Gary’s pun …
As they sing in animal shelters, “You Ain’t Nothin’ But a Pound Dog.”
Jim
==============
My car wouldn't start, so I had to carry my injured dog to the vet where I finally put him down
Doug Spector
=============
Rescue dogs are easy to acquire. They are sold by the pound.
Gary Hallock
===================
Speaking of Joseph’s puns …
A dog with a broken tail has a weak end.
Why should you never buy a watchdog that's on sale? Because a bargain dog never bites.
An orthodontist’s dog’s bark is worse than his overbite.
A church’s pastor taught his dog to heal.
What does a dog use for playing golf? A kennel club.
Jim
===========
Don't let my dog start talking, he has a very long tail.
My dog gets very rough sometimes, so I took away his pet. Now I have the hare of the dog that bit me.
My dog is very careful in the woods, because trees also have bark.
I was going to have my dog groomed, but I went to the church by mistake!
I wanted to make a special house for my dog, so I asked the wood merchant who could do the job; he replied "Ken'l".
Joseph
============
Doug Spector
==============
When the dark horse candidate’s momentum went to the dogs, he decided to bow-wowt of the race.
Jim
==============
My dog was walking down the street with a bow tie on his collar. Another dog looked approvingly at him and said bow wow.
Dave Perry
From: main@puny.groups.io [mailto:main@puny.groups.ioOn Behalf Of James Ertner
Sent: Friday, April 16, 2021 1:07 PM
To: main@puny.groups.io
Subject: [puny] PUNY has gone to the dogs
I don’t want to keep hounding you on the subject, but Gary H is like a thoroughbred dog who gets hotter than a mongrel in the summer … because he has more pedigrees.
Jim
=============
I beg to diffur. You are already the master- to some degree- of animal puns. Even more so than Gary Howlock.
GR
================================================
Before doing that, I might have to earn a bark-alaureate degree.
Jim
======
Yikes! Then we might start doing puns in doggerel?
GR
====================
Yes, like a tin can tied to a dog’s tail, it’s bound to oc-cur.
Jim
==============
Does this indicate that now cursing is encuraged on PUNY?
GR
=============================
To err is human; to make dog puns, canine.
Or, to err is human; two curs, canine.
Jim Ertner
=================
I gave my dog some leftover beef ribs and told him, "Bone Appetit"
Doug Spector
==========
All those cat calls worked out so well last Friday, I thought it only fair for us to give equal time to the canine community this week. We’ll start the thread off with yet another few quips lifted from the PunGents vast archive. Www.pungents.com
Dogs who attack with no provocation are considered terrierists.
Shaking hands with a dog always gives me paws.
What is the cur rent price to lease a dog?
====================
Don’t take off-fence at the dog in your neighbor’s back yard. You may get more than you’re barkin’ for.
If you’re going to let your dog run free, make sure he has collar ID. It’s the leash you can do.
I was hopeful I might turn my dog into a vegetarian by planting a garden in my back yard. He wasn’t interested. Of course he took a few leeks, but most of the veggies would just Rottweiler dog continued to crave a bone meal.
Gary Hallock
--
Gary (Immodest Moderator) Hallock, Leerless Feeder
--
Doug
--
Gary (Immodest Moderator) Hallock, Leerless Feeder
--
Doug Spector
--
Doug Spector
Re: PUNY has gone to the dogs
doug
I adopted my dog from the pound on a Wednesday. Now, he celebrates everyday as Hump Day
Doug Spector
======
Speaking of Gary’s pun …
As they sing in animal shelters, “You Ain’t Nothin’ But a Pound Dog.”
Jim
==============
My car wouldn't start, so I had to carry my injured dog to the vet where I finally put him down
Doug Spector
=============
Rescue dogs are easy to acquire. They are sold by the pound.
Gary Hallock
===================
Speaking of Joseph’s puns …
A dog with a broken tail has a weak end.
Why should you never buy a watchdog that's on sale? Because a bargain dog never bites.
An orthodontist’s dog’s bark is worse than his overbite.
A church’s pastor taught his dog to heal.
What does a dog use for playing golf? A kennel club.
Jim
===========
Don't let my dog start talking, he has a very long tail.
My dog gets very rough sometimes, so I took away his pet. Now I have the hare of the dog that bit me.
My dog is very careful in the woods, because trees also have bark.
I was going to have my dog groomed, but I went to the church by mistake!
I wanted to make a special house for my dog, so I asked the wood merchant who could do the job; he replied "Ken'l".
Joseph
============
Doug Spector
==============
When the dark horse candidate’s momentum went to the dogs, he decided to bow-wowt of the race.
Jim
==============
My dog was walking down the street with a bow tie on his collar. Another dog looked approvingly at him and said bow wow.
Dave Perry
From: main@puny.groups.io [mailto:main@puny.groups.ioOn Behalf Of James Ertner
Sent: Friday, April 16, 2021 1:07 PM
To: main@puny.groups.io
Subject: [puny] PUNY has gone to the dogs
I don’t want to keep hounding you on the subject, but Gary H is like a thoroughbred dog who gets hotter than a mongrel in the summer … because he has more pedigrees.
Jim
=============
I beg to diffur. You are already the master- to some degree- of animal puns. Even more so than Gary Howlock.
GR
================================================
Before doing that, I might have to earn a bark-alaureate degree.
Jim
======
Yikes! Then we might start doing puns in doggerel?
GR
====================
Yes, like a tin can tied to a dog’s tail, it’s bound to oc-cur.
Jim
==============
Does this indicate that now cursing is encuraged on PUNY?
GR
=============================
To err is human; to make dog puns, canine.
Or, to err is human; two curs, canine.
Jim Ertner
=================
I gave my dog some leftover beef ribs and told him, "Bone Appetit"
Doug Spector
==========
All those cat calls worked out so well last Friday, I thought it only fair for us to give equal time to the canine community this week. We’ll start the thread off with yet another few quips lifted from the PunGents vast archive. Www.pungents.com
Dogs who attack with no provocation are considered terrierists.
Shaking hands with a dog always gives me paws.
What is the cur rent price to lease a dog?
====================
Don’t take off-fence at the dog in your neighbor’s back yard. You may get more than you’re barkin’ for.
If you’re going to let your dog run free, make sure he has collar ID. It’s the leash you can do.
I was hopeful I might turn my dog into a vegetarian by planting a garden in my back yard. He wasn’t interested. Of course he took a few leeks, but most of the veggies would just Rottweiler dog continued to crave a bone meal.
Gary Hallock
--
Gary (Immodest Moderator) Hallock, Leerless Feeder
--
Doug
--
Gary (Immodest Moderator) Hallock, Leerless Feeder
--
Doug Spector
--
Doug Spector
PUNY has gone to the dogs
James Ertner
Speaking of Gary’s pun …
As they sing in animal shelters, “You Ain’t Nothin’ But a Pound Dog.”
Jim
==============
My car wouldn't start, so I had to carry my injured dog to the vet where I finally put him down
Doug Spector
=============
Rescue dogs are easy to acquire. They are sold by the pound.
Gary Hallock
===================
Speaking of Joseph’s puns …
A dog with a broken tail has a weak end.
Why should you never buy a watchdog that's on sale? Because a bargain dog never bites.
An orthodontist’s dog’s bark is worse than his overbite.
A church’s pastor taught his dog to heal.
What does a dog use for playing golf? A kennel club.
Jim
===========
Don't let my dog start talking, he has a very long tail.
My dog gets very rough sometimes, so I took away his pet. Now I have the hare of the dog that bit me.
My dog is very careful in the woods, because trees also have bark.
I was going to have my dog groomed, but I went to the church by mistake!
I wanted to make a special house for my dog, so I asked the wood merchant who could do the job; he replied "Ken'l".
Joseph
============
Doug Spector
==============
When the dark horse candidate’s momentum went to the dogs, he decided to bow-wowt of the race.
Jim
==============
My dog was walking down the street with a bow tie on his collar. Another dog looked approvingly at him and said bow wow.
Dave Perry
From: main@puny.groups.io [mailto:main@puny.groups.ioOn Behalf Of James Ertner
Sent: Friday, April 16, 2021 1:07 PM
To: main@puny.groups.io
Subject: [puny] PUNY has gone to the dogs
I don’t want to keep hounding you on the subject, but Gary H is like a thoroughbred dog who gets hotter than a mongrel in the summer … because he has more pedigrees.
Jim
=============
I beg to diffur. You are already the master- to some degree- of animal puns. Even more so than Gary Howlock.
GR
================================================
Before doing that, I might have to earn a bark-alaureate degree.
Jim
======
Yikes! Then we might start doing puns in doggerel?
GR
====================
Yes, like a tin can tied to a dog’s tail, it’s bound to oc-cur.
Jim
==============
Does this indicate that now cursing is encuraged on PUNY?
GR
=============================
To err is human; to make dog puns, canine.
Or, to err is human; two curs, canine.
Jim Ertner
=================
I gave my dog some leftover beef ribs and told him, "Bone Appetit"
Doug Spector
==========
All those cat calls worked out so well last Friday, I thought it only fair for us to give equal time to the canine community this week. We’ll start the thread off with yet another few quips lifted from the PunGents vast archive. Www.pungents.com
Dogs who attack with no provocation are considered terrierists.
Shaking hands with a dog always gives me paws.
What is the cur rent price to lease a dog?
====================
Don’t take off-fence at the dog in your neighbor’s back yard. You may get more than you’re barkin’ for.
If you’re going to let your dog run free, make sure he has collar ID. It’s the leash you can do.
I was hopeful I might turn my dog into a vegetarian by planting a garden in my back yard. He wasn’t interested. Of course he took a few leeks, but most of the veggies would just Rottweiler dog continued to crave a bone meal.
Gary Hallock
--
Gary (Immodest Moderator) Hallock, Leerless Feeder
--
Doug
--
Gary (Immodest Moderator) Hallock, Leerless Feeder
--
Doug Spector
Re: PUNY has gone to the dogs
doug
My car wouldn't start, so I had to carry my injured dog to the vet where I finally put him down
Doug Spector
=============
Rescue dogs are easy to acquire. They are sold by the pound.
Gary Hallock
===================
Speaking of Joseph’s puns …
A dog with a broken tail has a weak end.
Why should you never buy a watchdog that's on sale? Because a bargain dog never bites.
An orthodontist’s dog’s bark is worse than his overbite.
A church’s pastor taught his dog to heal.
What does a dog use for playing golf? A kennel club.
Jim
===========
Don't let my dog start talking, he has a very long tail.
My dog gets very rough sometimes, so I took away his pet. Now I have the hare of the dog that bit me.
My dog is very careful in the woods, because trees also have bark.
I was going to have my dog groomed, but I went to the church by mistake!
I wanted to make a special house for my dog, so I asked the wood merchant who could do the job; he replied "Ken'l".
Joseph
============
Doug Spector
==============
When the dark horse candidate’s momentum went to the dogs, he decided to bow-wowt of the race.
Jim
==============
My dog was walking down the street with a bow tie on his collar. Another dog looked approvingly at him and said bow wow.
Dave Perry
From: main@puny.groups.io [mailto:main@puny.groups.ioOn Behalf Of James Ertner
Sent: Friday, April 16, 2021 1:07 PM
To: main@puny.groups.io
Subject: [puny] PUNY has gone to the dogs
I don’t want to keep hounding you on the subject, but Gary H is like a thoroughbred dog who gets hotter than a mongrel in the summer … because he has more pedigrees.
Jim
=============
I beg to diffur. You are already the master- to some degree- of animal puns. Even more so than Gary Howlock.
GR
================================================
Before doing that, I might have to earn a bark-alaureate degree.
Jim
======
Yikes! Then we might start doing puns in doggerel?
GR
====================
Yes, like a tin can tied to a dog’s tail, it’s bound to oc-cur.
Jim
==============
Does this indicate that now cursing is encuraged on PUNY?
GR
=============================
To err is human; to make dog puns, canine.
Or, to err is human; two curs, canine.
Jim Ertner
=================
I gave my dog some leftover beef ribs and told him, "Bone Appetit"
Doug Spector
==========
All those cat calls worked out so well last Friday, I thought it only fair for us to give equal time to the canine community this week. We’ll start the thread off with yet another few quips lifted from the PunGents vast archive. Www.pungents.com
Dogs who attack with no provocation are considered terrierists.
Shaking hands with a dog always gives me paws.
What is the cur rent price to lease a dog?
====================
Don’t take off-fence at the dog in your neighbor’s back yard. You may get more than you’re barkin’ for.
If you’re going to let your dog run free, make sure he has collar ID. It’s the leash you can do.
I was hopeful I might turn my dog into a vegetarian by planting a garden in my back yard. He wasn’t interested. Of course he took a few leeks, but most of the veggies would just Rottweiler dog continued to crave a bone meal.
Gary Hallock
--
Gary (Immodest Moderator) Hallock, Leerless Feeder
--
Doug
--
Gary (Immodest Moderator) Hallock, Leerless Feeder
--
Doug Spector
Re: PUNY has gone to the dogs
gary hallock
Rescue dogs are easy to acquire. They are sold by the pound.
Gary Hallock
===================
Speaking of Joseph’s puns …
A dog with a broken tail has a weak end.
Why should you never buy a watchdog that's on sale? Because a bargain dog never bites.
An orthodontist’s dog’s bark is worse than his overbite.
A church’s pastor taught his dog to heal.
What does a dog use for playing golf? A kennel club.
Jim
===========
Don't let my dog start talking, he has a very long tail.
My dog gets very rough sometimes, so I took away his pet. Now I have the hare of the dog that bit me.
My dog is very careful in the woods, because trees also have bark.
I was going to have my dog groomed, but I went to the church by mistake!
I wanted to make a special house for my dog, so I asked the wood merchant who could do the job; he replied "Ken'l".
Joseph
============
Doug Spector
==============
When the dark horse candidate’s momentum went to the dogs, he decided to bow-wowt of the race.
Jim
==============
My dog was walking down the street with a bow tie on his collar. Another dog looked approvingly at him and said bow wow.
Dave Perry
From: main@puny.groups.io [mailto:main@puny.groups.ioOn Behalf Of James Ertner
Sent: Friday, April 16, 2021 1:07 PM
To: main@puny.groups.io
Subject: [puny] PUNY has gone to the dogs
I don’t want to keep hounding you on the subject, but Gary H is like a thoroughbred dog who gets hotter than a mongrel in the summer … because he has more pedigrees.
Jim
=============
I beg to diffur. You are already the master- to some degree- of animal puns. Even more so than Gary Howlock.
GR
================================================
Before doing that, I might have to earn a bark-alaureate degree.
Jim
======
Yikes! Then we might start doing puns in doggerel?
GR
====================
Yes, like a tin can tied to a dog’s tail, it’s bound to oc-cur.
Jim
==============
Does this indicate that now cursing is encuraged on PUNY?
GR
=============================
To err is human; to make dog puns, canine.
Or, to err is human; two curs, canine.
Jim Ertner
=================
I gave my dog some leftover beef ribs and told him, "Bone Appetit"
Doug Spector
==========
All those cat calls worked out so well last Friday, I thought it only fair for us to give equal time to the canine community this week. We’ll start the thread off with yet another few quips lifted from the PunGents vast archive. Www.pungents.com
Dogs who attack with no provocation are considered terrierists.
Shaking hands with a dog always gives me paws.
What is the cur rent price to lease a dog?
====================
Don’t take off-fence at the dog in your neighbor’s back yard. You may get more than you’re barkin’ for.
If you’re going to let your dog run free, make sure he has collar ID. It’s the leash you can do.
I was hopeful I might turn my dog into a vegetarian by planting a garden in my back yard. He wasn’t interested. Of course he took a few leeks, but most of the veggies would just Rottweiler dog continued to crave a bone meal.
Gary Hallock
--
Gary (Immodest Moderator) Hallock, Leerless Feeder
--
Doug
--
Gary (Immodest Moderator) Hallock, Leerless Feeder
PUNY has gone to the dogs
James Ertner
Speaking of Joseph’s puns …
A dog with a broken tail has a weak end.
Why should you never buy a watchdog that's on sale? Because a bargain dog never bites.
An orthodontist’s dog’s bark is worse than his overbite.
A church’s pastor taught his dog to heal.
What does a dog use for playing golf? A kennel club.
Jim
===========
Don't let my dog start talking, he has a very long tail.
My dog gets very rough sometimes, so I took away his pet. Now I have the hare of the dog that bit me.
My dog is very careful in the woods, because trees also have bark.
I was going to have my dog groomed, but I went to the church by mistake!
I wanted to make a special house for my dog, so I asked the wood merchant who could do the job; he replied "Ken'l".
Joseph
============
Doug Spector
==============
When the dark horse candidate’s momentum went to the dogs, he decided to bow-wowt of the race.
Jim
==============
My dog was walking down the street with a bow tie on his collar. Another dog looked approvingly at him and said bow wow.
Dave Perry
From: main@puny.groups.io [mailto:main@puny.groups.io] On Behalf Of James Ertner
Sent: Friday, April 16, 2021 1:07 PM
To: main@puny.groups.io
Subject: [puny] PUNY has gone to the dogs
I don’t want to keep hounding you on the subject, but Gary H is like a thoroughbred dog who gets hotter than a mongrel in the summer … because he has more pedigrees.
Jim
=============
I beg to diffur. You are already the master- to some degree- of animal puns. Even more so than Gary Howlock.
GR
================================================
Before doing that, I might have to earn a bark-alaureate degree.
Jim
======
Yikes! Then we might start doing puns in doggerel?
GR
====================
Yes, like a tin can tied to a dog’s tail, it’s bound to oc-cur.
Jim
==============
Does this indicate that now cursing is encuraged on PUNY?
GR
=============================
To err is human; to make dog puns, canine.
Or, to err is human; two curs, canine.
Jim Ertner
=================
I gave my dog some leftover beef ribs and told him, "Bone Appetit"
Doug Spector
==========
All those cat calls worked out so well last Friday, I thought it only fair for us to give equal time to the canine community this week. We’ll start the thread off with yet another few quips lifted from the PunGents vast archive. Www.pungents.com
Dogs who attack with no provocation are considered terrierists.
Shaking hands with a dog always gives me paws.
What is the cur rent price to lease a dog?
PunGents.com
====================
Don’t take off-fence at the dog in your neighbor’s back yard. You may get more than you’re barkin’ for.
If you’re going to let your dog run free, make sure he has collar ID. It’s the leash you can do.
I was hopeful I might turn my dog into a vegetarian by planting a garden in my back yard. He wasn’t interested. Of course he took a few leeks, but most of the veggies would just Rottweiler dog continued to crave a bone meal.
Gary Hallock
--
Gary (Immodest Moderator) Hallock, Leerless Feeder
--
Doug Spector
--
Doug Spector
Re: PUNY has gone to the dogs
Joseph Harris
Don't let my dog start talking, he has a very long tail.
My dog gets very rough sometimes, so I took away his pet. Now I have the hare of the dog that bit me.
My dog is very careful in the woods, because trees also have bark.
I was going to have my dog groomed, but I went to the church by mistake!
I wanted to make a special house for my dog, so I asked the wood merchant who could do the job; he replied "Ken'l".
Joseph
============
Doug Spector
==============
When the dark horse candidate’s momentum went to the dogs, he decided to bow-wowt of the race.
Jim
==============
My dog was walking down the street with a bow tie on his collar. Another dog looked approvingly at him and said bow wow.
Dave Perry
From: main@puny.groups.io [mailto:main@puny.groups.io] On Behalf Of James Ertner
Sent: Friday, April 16, 2021 1:07 PM
To: main@puny.groups.io
Subject: [puny] PUNY has gone to the dogs
I don’t want to keep hounding you on the subject, but Gary H is like a thoroughbred dog who gets hotter than a mongrel in the summer … because he has more pedigrees.
Jim
=============
I beg to diffur. You are already the master- to some degree- of animal puns. Even more so than Gary Howlock.
GR
================================================
Before doing that, I might have to earn a bark-alaureate degree.
Jim
======
Yikes! Then we might start doing puns in doggerel?
GR
====================
Yes, like a tin can tied to a dog’s tail, it’s bound to oc-cur.
Jim
==============
Does this indicate that now cursing is encuraged on PUNY?
GR
=============================
To err is human; to make dog puns, canine.
Or, to err is human; two curs, canine.
Jim Ertner
=================
I gave my dog some leftover beef ribs and told him, "Bone Appetit"
Doug Spector
==========
All those cat calls worked out so well last Friday, I thought it only fair for us to give equal time to the canine community this week. We’ll start the thread off with yet another few quips lifted from the PunGents vast archive. Www.pungents.com
Dogs who attack with no provocation are considered terrierists.
Shaking hands with a dog always gives me paws.
What is the cur rent price to lease a dog?
PunGents.com
====================
Don’t take off-fence at the dog in your neighbor’s back yard. You may get more than you’re barkin’ for.
If you’re going to let your dog run free, make sure he has collar ID. It’s the leash you can do.
I was hopeful I might turn my dog into a vegetarian by planting a garden in my back yard. He wasn’t interested. Of course he took a few leeks, but most of the veggies would just Rottweiler dog continued to crave a bone meal.
Gary Hallock
--
Gary (Immodest Moderator) Hallock, Leerless Feeder
--
Doug Spector
--
Doug Spector
_._,_._,_
Re: PUNY has gone to the dogs
doug
Doug Spector
==============
When the dark horse candidate’s momentum went to the dogs, he decided to bow-wowt of the race.
Jim
==============
My dog was walking down the street with a bow tie on his collar. Another dog looked approvingly at him and said bow wow.
Dave Perry
From: main@puny.groups.io [mailto:main@puny.groups.io] On Behalf Of James Ertner
Sent: Friday, April 16, 2021 1:07 PM
To: main@puny.groups.io
Subject: [puny] PUNY has gone to the dogs
I don’t want to keep hounding you on the subject, but Gary H is like a thoroughbred dog who gets hotter than a mongrel in the summer … because he has more pedigrees.
Jim
=============
I beg to diffur. You are already the master- to some degree- of animal puns. Even more so than Gary Howlock.
GR
================================================
Before doing that, I might have to earn a bark-alaureate degree.
Jim
======
Yikes! Then we might start doing puns in doggerel?
GR
====================
Yes, like a tin can tied to a dog’s tail, it’s bound to oc-cur.
Jim
==============
Does this indicate that now cursing is encuraged on PUNY?
GR
=============================
To err is human; to make dog puns, canine.
Or, to err is human; two curs, canine.
Jim Ertner
=================
I gave my dog some leftover beef ribs and told him, "Bone Appetit"
Doug Spector
==========
All those cat calls worked out so well last Friday, I thought it only fair for us to give equal time to the canine community this week. We’ll start the thread off with yet another few quips lifted from the PunGents vast archive. Www.pungents.com
Dogs who attack with no provocation are considered terrierists.
Shaking hands with a dog always gives me paws.
What is the cur rent price to lease a dog?
PunGents.com
====================
Don’t take off-fence at the dog in your neighbor’s back yard. You may get more than you’re barkin’ for.
If you’re going to let your dog run free, make sure he has collar ID. It’s the leash you can do.
I was hopeful I might turn my dog into a vegetarian by planting a garden in my back yard. He wasn’t interested. Of course he took a few leeks, but most of the veggies would just Rottweiler dog continued to crave a bone meal.
Gary Hallock
--
Gary (Immodest Moderator) Hallock, Leerless Feeder
--
Doug Spector
--
Doug Spector
PUNY has gone to the dogs
James Ertner
When the dark horse candidate’s momentum went to the dogs, he decided to bow-wowt of the race.
Jim
==============
My dog was walking down the street with a bow tie on his collar. Another dog looked approvingly at him and said bow wow.
Dave Perry
From: main@puny.groups.io [mailto:main@puny.groups.io] On Behalf Of James Ertner
Sent: Friday, April 16, 2021 1:07 PM
To: main@puny.groups.io
Subject: [puny] PUNY has gone to the dogs
I don’t want to keep hounding you on the subject, but Gary H is like a thoroughbred dog who gets hotter than a mongrel in the summer … because he has more pedigrees.
Jim
=============
I beg to diffur. You are already the master- to some degree- of animal puns. Even more so than Gary Howlock.
GR
================================================
Before doing that, I might have to earn a bark-alaureate degree.
Jim
======
Yikes! Then we might start doing puns in doggerel?
GR
====================
Yes, like a tin can tied to a dog’s tail, it’s bound to oc-cur.
Jim
==============
Does this indicate that now cursing is encuraged on PUNY?
GR
=============================
To err is human; to make dog puns, canine.
Or, to err is human; two curs, canine.
Jim Ertner
=================
I gave my dog some leftover beef ribs and told him, "Bone Appetit"
Doug Spector
==========
All those cat calls worked out so well last Friday, I thought it only fair for us to give equal time to the canine community this week. We’ll start the thread off with yet another few quips lifted from the PunGents vast archive. Www.pungents.com
Dogs who attack with no provocation are considered terrierists.
Shaking hands with a dog always gives me paws.
What is the cur rent price to lease a dog?
PunGents.com
====================
Don’t take off-fence at the dog in your neighbor’s back yard. You may get more than you’re barkin’ for.
If you’re going to let your dog run free, make sure he has collar ID. It’s the leash you can do.
I was hopeful I might turn my dog into a vegetarian by planting a garden in my back yard. He wasn’t interested. Of course he took a few leeks, but most of the veggies would just Rottweiler dog continued to crave a bone meal.
Gary Hallock
--
Gary (Immodest Moderator) Hallock, Leerless Feeder
--
Doug Spector
Re: PUNY has gone to the dogs
Dave Perry
My dog was walking down the street with a bow tie on his collar. Another dog looked approvingly at him and said bow wow.
From: main@puny.groups.io [mailto:main@puny.groups.io] On Behalf Of James Ertner
Sent: Friday, April 16, 2021 1:07 PM
To: main@puny.groups.io
Subject: [puny] PUNY has gone to the dogs
I don’t want to keep hounding you on the subject, but Gary H is like a thoroughbred dog who gets hotter than a mongrel in the summer … because he has more pedigrees.
Jim
=============
I beg to diffur. You are already the master- to some degree- of animal puns. Even more so than Gary Howlock.
GR
================================================
Before doing that, I might have to earn a bark-alaureate degree.
Jim
======
Yikes! Then we might start doing puns in doggerel?
GR
====================
Yes, like a tin can tied to a dog’s tail, it’s bound to oc-cur.
Jim
==============
Does this indicate that now cursing is encuraged on PUNY?
GR
=============================
To err is human; to make dog puns, canine.
Or, to err is human; two curs, canine.
Jim Ertner
=================
I gave my dog some leftover beef ribs and told him, "Bone Appetit"
Doug Spector
==========
All those cat calls worked out so well last Friday, I thought it only fair for us to give equal time to the canine community this week. We’ll start the thread off with yet another few quips lifted from the PunGents vast archive. Www.pungents.com
Dogs who attack with no provocation are considered terrierists.
Shaking hands with a dog always gives me paws.
What is the cur rent price to lease a dog?
PunGents.com
====================
Don’t take off-fence at the dog in your neighbor’s back yard. You may get more than you’re barkin’ for.
If you’re going to let your dog run free, make sure he has collar ID. It’s the leash you can do.
I was hopeful I might turn my dog into a vegetarian by planting a garden in my back yard. He wasn’t interested. Of course he took a few leeks, but most of the veggies would just Rottweiler dog continued to crave a bone meal.
Gary Hallock
--
Gary (Immodest Moderator) Hallock, Leerless Feeder
--
Doug Spector
PUNY has gone to the dogs
James Ertner
I don’t want to keep hounding you on the subject, but Gary H is like a thoroughbred dog who gets hotter than a mongrel in the summer … because he has more pedigrees.
Jim
=============
I beg to diffur. You are already the master- to some degree- of animal puns. Even more so than Gary Howlock.
GR
================================================
Before doing that, I might have to earn a bark-alaureate degree.
Jim
======
Yikes! Then we might start doing puns in doggerel?
GR
====================
Yes, like a tin can tied to a dog’s tail, it’s bound to oc-cur.
Jim
==============
Does this indicate that now cursing is encuraged on PUNY?
GR
=============================
To err is human; to make dog puns, canine.
Or, to err is human; two curs, canine.
Jim Ertner
=================
I gave my dog some leftover beef ribs and told him, "Bone Appetit"
Doug Spector
==========
All those cat calls worked out so well last Friday, I thought it only fair for us to give equal time to the canine community this week. We’ll start the thread off with yet another few quips lifted from the PunGents vast archive. Www.pungents.com
Dogs who attack with no provocation are considered terrierists.
Shaking hands with a dog always gives me paws.
What is the cur rent price to lease a dog?
PunGents.com
====================
Don’t take off-fence at the dog in your neighbor’s back yard. You may get more than you’re barkin’ for.
If you’re going to let your dog run free, make sure he has collar ID. It’s the leash you can do.
I was hopeful I might turn my dog into a vegetarian by planting a garden in my back yard. He wasn’t interested. Of course he took a few leeks, but most of the veggies would just Rottweiler dog continued to crave a bone meal.
Gary Hallock
--
Gary (Immodest Moderator) Hallock, Leerless Feeder
--
Doug Spector
1 - 20 of 62401 | 16,796 | 66,164 | {"found_math": false, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 2.78125 | 3 | CC-MAIN-2021-17 | longest | en | 0.875398 |
https://www.coursehero.com/file/6641354/HW-Solutions-Stat-64/ | 1,498,135,463,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128319265.41/warc/CC-MAIN-20170622114718-20170622134718-00636.warc.gz | 972,671,392 | 64,048 | HW Solutions Stat 64
# HW Solutions Stat 64 - e 19.20 a b.143 Y11 = 222.00 Y12 =...
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e. α . 143 19.20. a. ¯ Y 11 . = 222 . 00, ¯ Y 12 . = 106 . 50, ¯ Y 13 . =60 . 50, ¯ Y 21 . =62 . 25, ¯ Y 22 . =44 . 75, ¯ Y 23 . =38 . 75 b. e ijk : ij =1 j =2 j =3 11 83 . 5 4 . 5 16 11 . 5 . 5 5 3 . 57 . 5 3 11 . 5 2 . 5 j j 28 . 75 2 . 25 1 . 75 9 . 25 7 . 25 5 . 75 5 . 75 13 . 75 1 . 25 5 . 25 4 . 25 6 . 25 d. r = . 994 19.21. b. Source SS df MS Treatments 96 , 024 . 37500 5 19 , 204 . 87500 A (type) 39 , 447 . 04167 1 39 , 447 . 04167 B (years) 36 , 412 . 00000 2 18 , 206 . 00000 AB interactions 20 , 165 . 33333 2 10 , 082 . 66667 Error 1 , 550 . 25000 18 86 . 12500 Total 97 , 574 . 62500 23 c. H 0 : all ( αβ ) ij equal zero, H a : not all ( αβ ) ij equal zero. F =10 , 082 . 66667 / 86 . 12500 = 117 . 07, F ( . 99; 2 , 18)=6 . 01. If F 6 . 01 conclude H 0 , otherwise H a . Conclude H a . P -value = 0+ d. H 0 : α 1 = α 2 =0 , H a : not both α 1 and α 2 equal zero. F =39 , 447 . 04167 / 86 . 12500 = 458 . 02, F ( . 99; 1 , 18)=8 . 29. If F 8 . 29 conclude H 0 , otherwise H a . Conclude H a . P -value = 0+ H 0 : all β j equal zero ( j , 2 , 3), H a : not all β j equal zero. F =18 , 206 . 00000 / 86 . 12500 = 211 . 39, F ( . 99; 2 , . 01. If F 6 . 01 conclude H 0 , otherwise H a . Conclude H a . P -value = 0+ e. α . 030 19.27. a. B = t ( . 9975; 75) = 2 . 8925, q ( . 95; 5 , 75)=3 . 96, T . 800 b. B = t ( . 99167; 27) = 2 . 552, q ( . 95; 3 , 27)=3 . 51, T . 482 19.30. a. s { ¯ Y 11 . } = . 631, t ( . 975; 30) = 2 . 042, 21 . 66667 ± 2 . 042( . 631), 20
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## This note was uploaded on 12/21/2011 for the course STA 2014 taught by Professor Davehatley during the Fall '11 term at UNF.
Ask a homework question - tutors are online | 901 | 1,876 | {"found_math": false, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 2.6875 | 3 | CC-MAIN-2017-26 | longest | en | 0.361007 |
https://qiskit.org/documentation/locale/de_DE/_modules/qiskit/circuit/library/phase_estimation.html | 1,701,616,566,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100508.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20231203125921-20231203155921-00449.warc.gz | 539,750,160 | 17,625 | # Quellcode für qiskit.circuit.library.phase_estimation
# This code is part of Qiskit.
#
# (C) Copyright IBM 2017, 2020.
#
# obtain a copy of this license in the LICENSE.txt file in the root directory
#
# Any modifications or derivative works of this code must retain this
# copyright notice, and modified files need to carry a notice indicating
# that they have been altered from the originals.
"""Phase estimation circuit."""
from typing import Optional
from qiskit.circuit import QuantumCircuit, QuantumRegister
from .basis_change import QFT
[Doku]class PhaseEstimation(QuantumCircuit):
r"""Phase Estimation circuit.
In the Quantum Phase Estimation (QPE) algorithm [1, 2, 3], the Phase Estimation circuit is used
to estimate the phase :math:\phi of an eigenvalue :math:e^{2\pi i\phi} of a unitary operator
:math:U, provided with the corresponding eigenstate :math:|psi\rangle.
That is
.. math::
U|\psi\rangle = e^{2\pi i\phi} |\psi\rangle
This estimation (and thereby this circuit) is a central routine to several well-known
algorithms, such as Shor's algorithm or Quantum Amplitude Estimation.
**References:**
[1]: Kitaev, A. Y. (1995). Quantum measurements and the Abelian Stabilizer Problem. 1–22.
quant-ph/9511026 <http://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/9511026>_
[2]: Michael A. Nielsen and Isaac L. Chuang. 2011.
Quantum Computation and Quantum Information: 10th Anniversary Edition (10th ed.).
Cambridge University Press, New York, NY, USA.
[3]: Qiskit
textbook <https://learn.qiskit.org/course/ch-algorithms/quantum-phase-estimation>_
"""
def __init__(
self,
num_evaluation_qubits: int,
unitary: QuantumCircuit,
iqft: Optional[QuantumCircuit] = None,
name: str = "QPE",
) -> None:
"""
Args:
num_evaluation_qubits: The number of evaluation qubits.
unitary: The unitary operation :math:U which will be repeated and controlled.
iqft: A inverse Quantum Fourier Transform, per default the inverse of
:class:~qiskit.circuit.library.QFT is used. Note that the QFT should not include
the usual swaps!
name: The name of the circuit.
.. note::
The inverse QFT should not include a swap of the qubit order.
Reference Circuit:
.. plot::
from qiskit.circuit import QuantumCircuit
from qiskit.circuit.library import PhaseEstimation
from qiskit.tools.jupyter.library import _generate_circuit_library_visualization
unitary = QuantumCircuit(2)
unitary.x(0)
unitary.y(1)
circuit = PhaseEstimation(3, unitary)
_generate_circuit_library_visualization(circuit)
"""
qr_eval = QuantumRegister(num_evaluation_qubits, "eval")
qr_state = QuantumRegister(unitary.num_qubits, "q")
circuit = QuantumCircuit(qr_eval, qr_state, name=name)
if iqft is None:
iqft = QFT(num_evaluation_qubits, inverse=True, do_swaps=False).reverse_bits()
circuit.h(qr_eval) # hadamards on evaluation qubits
for j in range(num_evaluation_qubits): # controlled powers
circuit.compose(unitary.power(2**j).control(), qubits=[j] + qr_state[:], inplace=True)
circuit.compose(iqft, qubits=qr_eval[:], inplace=True) # final QFT
super().__init__(*circuit.qregs, name=circuit.name)
self.compose(circuit.to_gate(), qubits=self.qubits, inplace=True) | 840 | 3,119 | {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 1, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 2.609375 | 3 | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | latest | en | 0.693559 |
https://www.scienceforums.net/topic/123412-is-causual-and-random-the-same-thing/?tab=comments | 1,606,527,616,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141194982.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20201128011115-20201128041115-00656.warc.gz | 829,251,430 | 16,686 | # Is Causual and Random the same thing?
## Recommended Posts
Causal: Cause and Effect Questions Designed to determine whether one or more variables causes or affects one or more outcome variables.
A random variable is a mathematical function that ""maps""outcomes of random experiments to numbers. It can be thought of as the numeric result of operating a non-deterministic mechanism or performing a non-deterministic experiment to generate a random result.
Edited by CuriosOne
##### Share on other sites
No, it's not the same thing.
"Random" is the opposite of "determined."
"Causal" means "happening as the result of something."
You can have random variables that show no causal connection between them.
You can have random variables that show causal connection between them.
You can have deterministic variables that show no causal connection between them.
You can have deterministic variables that show causal connection between them.
And then you have "casual," which is the way most scientists dress when they're working.
And then you have cassowaries, which are not casual at all, and seem to dress up all the time.
##### Share on other sites
I'm glad you have done the right thing and started a new thread instead of pursuing off topic additional thoughts in one of your many existing ones. +1 for encouragement.
It is actually very difficult to come up with a satisfactory definition of 'random' , deterministic , causal
I don't know if the question in your OP is in your own words or if you have quoted some source you haven't acknowledged.
Anyway I have a couple of comments.
Firstly casual (the word in the OP title question) and causal are different words with different meanings.
Secondly the statement
5 hours ago, CuriosOne said:
A random variable is a mathematical function that ""maps""outcomes of random experiments to numbers. It can be thought of as the numeric result of operating a non-deterministic mechanism or performing a non-deterministic experiment to generate a random result.
fails to properly distinguish between variables and a single result or outcome.
Doing this is important.
Now 'random' is an adjective that is meaningless by itself. Your quote applies it to three different nouns (all important in statistical theory) to create mathematically specific instances of the nouns
variable, experiment and result. It should also equate outcome with result.
Also hidden in the above quote is the distinction between singular and plural.
Which introduces another very important concept - probability.
Strangely enough you need the idea of limits we started to explore in you unfinished calculus thread. You do not need the whole apparatus of calculus however.
Otherwise we are stuck with imprecise statements such as ' a very large number of.....' , without having any idea how large is large enough.
OK so he is a definition of 'random' due to Kolmogorov.
A result is random is it cannot be obtained by any process that is shorter than the statement of the result itself.
so '5' , by itself, is a random number since it is shorter than say (3+2)
If you wish to follow this through and understand what how this all fits together you will have to stay focused.
##### Share on other sites
15 hours ago, joigus said:
No, it's not the same thing.
"Random" is the opposite of "determined."
"Causal" means "happening as the result of something."
You can have random variables that show no causal connection between them.
You can have random variables that show causal connection between them.
You can have deterministic variables that show no causal connection between them.
You can have deterministic variables that show causal connection between them.
And then you have "casual," which is the way most scientists dress when they're working.
And then you have cassowaries, which are not casual at all, and seem to dress up all the time.
I think i understand the random numbers part and if they had meaning or "measurable quantities that can be tested phyiscally" by some "say"scientific claim, they would be casual?
Why do I keep thinking about intrinsic..
15 hours ago, studiot said:
I'm glad you have done the right thing and started a new thread instead of pursuing off topic additional thoughts in one of your many existing ones. +1 for encouragement.
It is actually very difficult to come up with a satisfactory definition of 'random' , deterministic , causal
I don't know if the question in your OP is in your own words or if you have quoted some source you haven't acknowledged.
Anyway I have a couple of comments.
Firstly casual (the word in the OP title question) and causal are different words with different meanings.
Secondly the statement
fails to properly distinguish between variables and a single result or outcome.
Doing this is important.
Now 'random' is an adjective that is meaningless by itself. Your quote applies it to three different nouns (all important in statistical theory) to create mathematically specific instances of the nouns
variable, experiment and result. It should also equate outcome with result.
Also hidden in the above quote is the distinction between singular and plural.
Which introduces another very important concept - probability.
Strangely enough you need the idea of limits we started to explore in you unfinished calculus thread. You do not need the whole apparatus of calculus however.
Otherwise we are stuck with imprecise statements such as ' a very large number of.....' , without having any idea how large is large enough.
OK so he is a definition of 'random' due to Kolmogorov.
A result is random is it cannot be obtained by any process that is shorter than the statement of the result itself.
so '5' , by itself, is a random number since it is shorter than say (3+2)
If you wish to follow this through and understand what how this all fits together you will have to stay focused.
Totally forgot where I copied and pasted from..Will give credits next time.
I think the 5 example is pretty clear to me, but casual and random do seem very invloved topics, but I'm glad I encountered them..Random comes up a lot...
## Create an account
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https://ravensmove.com/count-square-submatrices-with-all-ones | 1,723,618,110,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-33/segments/1722641104812.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20240814061604-20240814091604-00535.warc.gz | 392,720,191 | 15,194 | Published at Aug 22, 2020
# Count Square Submatrices with All Ones in Python
## Problem:
Given a m * n matrix of ones and zeros, return how many square submatrices have all ones.
### Example 1:
``````Input: matrix =
[
[0,1,1,1],
[1,1,1,1],
[0,1,1,1]
]
Output: 15
Explanation:
There are 10 squares of side 1.
There are 4 squares of side 2.
There is 1 square of side 3.
Total number of squares = 10 + 4 + 1 = 15.``````
### Example 2:
``````Input: matrix =
[
[1,0,1],
[1,1,0],
[1,1,0]
]
Output: 7
Explanation:
There are 6 squares of side 1.
There is 1 square of side 2.
Total number of squares = 6 + 1 = 7.``````
## Constraints:
``````1 <= arr.length <= 300
1 <= arr[0].length <= 300
0 <= arr[i][j] <= 1``````
## Solution:
``````class Solution:
def countSquares(matrix):
p_arr = [[0 for i in range(len(matrix[0]))] for j in range(len(matrix))]
result = 0
for index_i in range(1, len(matrix)):
for index_j in range(1, len(matrix[0])):
if matrix[index_i][index_j] == 1:
temp_mdata = matrix[index_i-1][index_j], matrix[index_i][index_j-1]
matrix[index_i][index_j] = min(matrix[index_i-1][index_j-1], min(temp_mdata))+1
return sum([ sum(x) for x in matrix])
input = [[0,1,1,1],[1,1,1,1],[0,1,1,1]]
print(Solution.countSquares(input))
input = [[1,0,1],[1,1,0],[1,1,0]]
print(Solution.countSquares(input))``````
• Jun 1, 2024
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• Jul 21, 2022 | 499 | 1,368 | {"found_math": false, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 4.1875 | 4 | CC-MAIN-2024-33 | latest | en | 0.675095 |
https://edulissy.com/shop/projects/homework-8-solution-15/ | 1,610,909,639,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-04/segments/1610703513144.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20210117174558-20210117204558-00775.warc.gz | 319,756,493 | 23,283 | # Homework #8 Solution
\$30.00
Category:
## Description
In this homework, you will write a 2-player chess game using your hw#05. You will submit your homework via KADI.
#function prototypes
You will change the signature of isPieceMovable function, and implement some other functions, as well. You are expected to implement functions given below.
Signature
int isPieceMovable(char *board, char sc, int sr, char tc, int tr); int isInCheck(char* board);
int makeMove(char *board, char sc, int sr, char tc, int tr);
Parameters
char* board : Board array (as defined in hw#05)
char sc: The column of the piece at source
int sr: The row of the piece at source
char tc: The column of the piece at target
int tr: The row of the piece at target
Return values and function definitions
isPieceMovable
Defined in hw#05.
isInCheck:
Checks whether a king is in check or not.
If white king is in check, returns 1
If black king is in check, returns 2
If there is no check, returns 0
makeMove:
Moves a piece from source to destination if current player’s king is not in check and piece can move from source to destination. If player’s king is in check, move should not be made and board should remain same.
If move is invalid, returns 0
If move is invalid because same player’s king is in check, returns 1 If move is valid, returns 2
If move is valid and opponent player’s king is in check, returns 3
#notes
• You are free to write any additional functions.
• You will use your own HW#05, using someone else’s homework will be regarded as cheating.
• Sample main function and output of a sample run are given; you should not modify the given main function.
• There are some limitations and modifications from classical chess game to make your homework much easier. You can see the some of them in sample run file.
• The assignment must be your original work. Duplicate or very similar assignments are both going to be considered as cheating. | 458 | 1,957 | {"found_math": false, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 2.78125 | 3 | CC-MAIN-2021-04 | latest | en | 0.842715 |
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Jan 8 awarded Nice Question Nov 12 awarded Benefactor Nov 11 accepted Characterizing sets with a function Nov 11 awarded Promoter Nov 7 revised Characterizing sets with a function added 11 characters in body Nov 7 asked Characterizing sets with a function Nov 6 comment Closure of a subset in a metric space @ShinningStar you are right, I deleted my incorrect comment as the definition given in your comment is the intended one. Nov 4 awarded Yearling Nov 1 awarded Good Question Oct 10 awarded Popular Question Jul 30 awarded Enlightened Jul 30 awarded Nice Answer Jul 5 accepted Sum of quotients Jul 5 comment Sum of quotients Why can we assume that these tuples are ordered? We have $x_i\leq y$ but not $x_i\leq x_{i+1}$. Jul 5 comment Show that $\sup (A\cdot B)=\max\{\sup A\cdot\sup B, \sup A\cdot\inf B,\inf A\cdot\sup B,\inf A\cdot\inf B\}$ It is not true that $\sup(A\cdot B)=\sup A\cdot \sup B$ if $\sup A>0$ and $\sup B>0$. See for example $A=\{1,-2\},B=\{1,-2\}$ then $\sup(A\cdot B)=4$. Jul 4 reviewed Approve Special case on counting in a string of 7 letters Jul 4 asked Sum of quotients May 19 awarded Popular Question Apr 14 awarded Nice Answer Nov 25 awarded Popular Question | 356 | 1,271 | {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 1, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 2.890625 | 3 | CC-MAIN-2016-07 | latest | en | 0.903474 |
https://community.monogame.net/t/pixel-collision-with-rotation-again/6999 | 1,716,633,652,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-22/segments/1715971058822.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20240525100447-20240525130447-00837.warc.gz | 144,957,175 | 5,098 | # Pixel Collision with Rotation. Again!
I have looked at this subject many times now, and every search has found the same answer.
If you do any search you’ll find the same answer I have. In VB this is:
Public Function Collision(rectangleA As Rectangle, dataA As Color(), rectangleB As Rectangle, dataB As Color()) As Boolean
`````` Dim top As Integer = Math.Max(rectangleA.Top, rectangleB.Top)
Dim bottom As Integer = Math.Min(rectangleA.Bottom, rectangleB.Bottom)
Dim left As Integer = Math.Max(rectangleA.Left, rectangleB.Left)
Dim right As Integer = Math.Min(rectangleA.Right, rectangleB.Right)
For y As Integer = top To bottom - 1
For x As Integer = left To right - 1
Dim colorA As Color = dataA((x - rectangleA.Left) + (y - rectangleA.Top) * rectangleA.Width)
Dim colorB As Color = dataB((x - rectangleB.Left) + (y - rectangleB.Top) * rectangleB.Width)
If colorA.A <> 0 And colorB.A <> 0 Then
Return True
End If
Next
Next
Return False
End Function
``````
I’m sorry this isn’t in a code bracket, but it isn’t working.
What I don’t understand, is where the rotation is coming in. I’m building the color array, or DataA and DataB well before this routine is called, but what I can’t seem to find is how these arrays are rotated.
Can someone fill this black hole?
Thanks.
Edit - Oh, it is in a code block. It wasn’t on the preview box.
I dont quite understand exactly what it is you are asking about the rotation,
it seems like you may be asking where rotation should be added to this example?
If so you should put it before the dims(so the math it is doing is based on the after rotation
Sorry if I wasn’t clear, it had been a long painful day.
The code to create the color map that I’m using is:
`DataA = New Color(Texture.Width * Texture.Height - 1) {} Texture.GetData(DataA)`
But this is obviously not rotated. So how do I rotate the map before sending it to the above function. | 477 | 1,903 | {"found_math": false, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 2.59375 | 3 | CC-MAIN-2024-22 | latest | en | 0.817081 |
https://socratic.org/questions/how-do-you-find-all-solutions-of-the-equation-in-the-interval-0-2pi-2cos-2-theta | 1,713,003,916,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296816587.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20240413083102-20240413113102-00368.warc.gz | 501,192,723 | 6,085 | # How do you find all solutions of the equation in the interval (0, 2pi) 2cos^2 theta+cos theta = 0?
Apr 12, 2016
Factor out a cos.
#### Explanation:
$\cos \theta \left(2 \cos \theta + 1\right) = 0$
$\cos \theta = 0 \mathmr{and} 2 \cos \theta + 1 = 0$
$\theta = \pi , \frac{3 \pi}{2} \mathmr{and} \cos \theta = - \frac{1}{2}$
cos is negative in quadrants II and III. Applying the 30-60-90 special triangle and reference angles (leave a question on my homepage if you don't know how these work), we find that $\theta = \frac{2 \pi}{3} \mathmr{and} \frac{4 \pi}{3}$
Thus, your solution set is $\left\{\theta = \frac{3 \pi}{2} , \pi , \frac{2 \pi}{3} , \frac{4 \pi}{3}\right\}$
Hopefully this helps! | 255 | 705 | {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 5, "mathjax_inline_tex": 1, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 1, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 4.28125 | 4 | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | latest | en | 0.708842 |
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# Standard Error Statistics
## Contents
It's one of those magical things about mathematics. Despite the small difference in equations for the standard deviation and the standard error, this small difference changes the meaning of what is being reported from a description of the variation So it equals-- n is 100-- so it equals one fifth. Correction for finite population The formula given above for the standard error assumes that the sample size is much smaller than the population size, so that the population can be considered his comment is here
Minitab uses the standard error of the mean to calculate the confidence interval, which is a range of values likely to include the population mean.Minitab.comLicense PortalStoreBlogContact UsCopyright © 2016 Minitab Inc. It is useful to compare the standard error of the mean for the age of the runners versus the age at first marriage, as in the graph. It just happens to be the same thing. These assumptions may be approximately met when the population from which samples are taken is normally distributed, or when the sample size is sufficiently large to rely on the Central Limit
## Standard Error Formula
Let's do another 10,000. Let's say the mean here is 5. Take the square roots of both sides.
• Next, consider all possible samples of 16 runners from the population of 9,732 runners.
• If we magically knew the distribution, there's some true variance here.
• Two data sets will be helpful to illustrate the concept of a sampling distribution and its use to calculate the standard error.
• As you increase your sample size for every time you do the average, two things are happening.
The smaller the spread, the more accurate the dataset is said to be.Standard Error and Population SamplingWhen a population is sampled, the mean, or average, is generally calculated. Standard Error Vs Standard Deviation It might look like this. Then the mean here is also going to be 5. Let's see if I can remember it here.
So this is equal to 9.3 divided by 5. Standard Error Of The Mean Definition Relative standard error See also: Relative standard deviation The relative standard error of a sample mean is the standard error divided by the mean and expressed as a percentage. The standard deviation is computed solely from sample attributes. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply.
## Standard Error Vs Standard Deviation
Scenario 2. Repeating the sampling procedure as for the Cherry Blossom runners, take 20,000 samples of size n=16 from the age at first marriage population. Standard Error Formula So I'm taking 16 samples, plot it there. Standard Error Regression If the message you want to carry is about the spread and variability of the data, then standard deviation is the metric to use.
Is powered by WordPress using a bavotasan.com design. http://activews.com/standard-error/statistics-calculator-standard-error.html All of these things I just mentioned, these all just mean the standard deviation of the sampling distribution of the sample mean. It's going to look something like that. National Center for Health Statistics (24). Standard Error Calculator
Assumptions and usage Further information: Confidence interval If its sampling distribution is normally distributed, the sample mean, its standard error, and the quantiles of the normal distribution can be used to We could take the square root of both sides of this and say, the standard deviation of the sampling distribution of the sample mean is often called the standard deviation of Copyright © 2016 R-bloggers. http://activews.com/standard-error/statistics-standard-error-calculator.html This serves as a measure of variation for random variables, providing a measurement for the spread.
In each of these scenarios, a sample of observations is drawn from a large population. Standard Error Of Proportion v t e Statistics Outline Index Descriptive statistics Continuous data Center Mean arithmetic geometric harmonic Median Mode Dispersion Variance Standard deviation Coefficient of variation Percentile Range Interquartile range Shape Moments So here, what we're saying is this is the variance of our sample means.
## This helps compensate for any incidental inaccuracies related the gathering of the sample.In cases where multiple samples are collected, the mean of each sample may vary slightly from the others, creating
The standard error is computed from known sample statistics. The standard deviation cannot be computed solely from sample attributes; it requires a knowledge of one or more population parameters. The distribution of these 20,000 sample means indicate how far the mean of a sample may be from the true population mean. Standard Error Symbol American Statistician.
The relationship with the standard deviation is defined such that, for a given sample size, the standard error equals the standard deviation divided by the square root of the sample size. Standard error functions more as a way to determine the accuracy of the sample or the accuracy of multiple samples by analyzing deviation within the means. This spread is most often measured as the standard error, accounting for the differences between the means across the datasets.The more data points involved in the calculations of the mean, the check over here Let's see.
Or decreasing standard error by a factor of ten requires a hundred times as many observations. In statistics, a sample mean deviates from the actual mean of a population; this deviation is the standard error. Altman DG, Bland JM. For example, the "standard error of the mean" refers to the standard deviation of the distribution of sample means taken from a population.
This is the variance of our sample mean. The smaller standard deviation for age at first marriage will result in a smaller standard error of the mean. In an example above, n=16 runners were selected at random from the 9,732 runners. But anyway, the point of this video, is there any way to figure out this variance given the variance of the original distribution and your n?
The smaller the spread, the more accurate the dataset is said to be.Standard Error and Population SamplingWhen a population is sampled, the mean, or average, is generally calculated. The standard deviation of all possible sample means is the standard error, and is represented by the symbol σ x ¯ {\displaystyle \sigma _{\bar {x}}} . For any random sample from a population, the sample mean will very rarely be equal to the population mean. | 1,292 | 6,591 | {"found_math": false, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 4.25 | 4 | CC-MAIN-2018-05 | latest | en | 0.919606 |
http://oldwww.iucr.org/iucr-top/comm/cteach/pamphlets/5/node3.html | 1,585,856,105,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-16/segments/1585370507738.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20200402173940-20200402203940-00266.warc.gz | 126,350,256 | 3,513 | # Possible Lattice Types
Close-packing of equal spheres can belong to the trigonal, hexagonal or cubic crystal systems. When the structure has the minimum symmetry discussed earlier it belongs to the trigonal system. When it has a 63 axis of symmetry it belongs to the hexagonal system. Structures belonging to the hexagonal system necessarily have a hexagonal lattice, i.e. a lattice in which we can choose a primitive unit cell with a = b c, = = 90, in Fig. 5. It should be noted that there are two spheres associated with each lattice point in the hcp structure, one at 000 and the other at . Structures belonging to the trigonal system can have either a hexagonal or a rhombohedral lattice. By a rhombohedral lattice is meant a lattice in which we can choose a primitive unit cell with a = b = c, = = 90. Both types of lattices can be referred to either hexagonal or rhombohedral axes, the unit cell being non-primitive when a hexagonal lattice is referred to rhombohedral axes or vice versa.
Figure 6 shows a rhombohedral lattice in which the primitive cell is defined by the rhombohedral axes a1, a2, a3; but a non-primitive hexagonal unit cell can be chosen by adopting the axes A1, A2, C. The latter has lattice points at 000., and . In the special case of the close-packing ABCABC.... (with the ideal h/a ratio of 0.8165) the primitive rhombohedral lattice has = = = 60, which enhances the symmetry to and enables the choice of a face- centred cubic unit cell. The relationship between the fcc and the primitive rhombohedral unit cell is shown in Fig. 7. The three-fold axis of the rhombohedral unit cell coincides with one of the 111 directions of the cubic unit cell. The close-packed layers are thus parallel to the 111 planes in the cubic close-packing.
In close-packed structures, it is generally convenient to refer both hexagonal and rhombohedral lattices to hexagonal axes. The projection of the hexagonal lattice on the (001) plane is shown in Fig. 8. The axes, x, y define the smallest hexagonal unit cell, the z axis being normal to the plane of the paper; the hexagonal unit cell is primitive with all the lattice points at 000. Figure 9 depicts the projection of a rhombohedral lattice on the (00.1) plane. The full lines Oxh, Oyh represent the hexagonal axes and the three dotted lines represent rhombohedral axes. It is evident from the figure that the hexagonal unit cell of a rhombohedral lattice is non-primitive with lattice points at 000, and . If the lattice is rotated through 60 around [001], the hexagonal unit cell will then be centred at and . These two settings of the rhombohedral lattice are called obverse and reverse settings. They are indistinguishable by X-ray methods since the two are crystallographically equivalent: they represent twin arrangements when both of them occur in the same single crystal.
Next: Notations Used for Representing Close-Packed Structures Up: Close-Packed Structures Previous: Symmetry and Space Group of Close-Packed
Copyright © 1981, 1997 International Union of Crystallography
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https://brilliant.org/discussions/thread/fractional-proof-note-1/ | 1,624,497,430,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-25/segments/1623488544264.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20210623225535-20210624015535-00287.warc.gz | 148,089,664 | 14,160 | # Fractional Proof Note $1$
Let's prove that:
$\frac{x}{100}$ $\times 100 = x$
$\frac{x}{100}$ $\times 100$
$\frac{100x}{100}$
$\frac{10x}{10}$
$\frac{1x}{1}$
$x$
Therefore, $\frac{x}{100}$ $\times 100 = x$
Note by Yajat Shamji
11 months, 3 weeks ago
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A simpler one: $\dfrac{x}{100}\times100=\dfrac{100x}{100}=\dfrac{100}{100}\times x=1\times x=x$
- 11 months, 3 weeks ago
Nice!
- 11 months, 3 weeks ago
More simpler : $\frac{x}{100} \times 100 = x$
- 11 months, 2 weeks ago
Maybe simple? Not quite...
$\frac{x}{100} × 100$
$= x × 100^{-1} × 100^1$
$= x × 100^{1-1}$
$= x × 100^0$
$= x × 1$
$= \boxed{x}$
- 11 months, 2 weeks ago
- 11 months, 2 weeks ago
it is not simpler
- 11 months, 2 weeks ago
Yup, but I am just bored...
- 11 months, 2 weeks ago
do my question (they are difficult)
- 11 months, 2 weeks ago | 795 | 2,498 | {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 28, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 1, "mathjax_display_tex": 1, "mathjax_asciimath": 1, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 4.15625 | 4 | CC-MAIN-2021-25 | latest | en | 0.790402 |
https://stats.stackexchange.com/questions/531025/prior-for-covariance-matrix | 1,713,414,981,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817187.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20240418030928-20240418060928-00841.warc.gz | 493,597,473 | 40,376 | # Prior for covariance matrix?
Given a set of data $$\{(x_i\pm e_{x,i},\,y_i\pm e_{y,i})\}_i$$ (with uncorrelated uncertainties), I want to model it as a multivariate Gaussian function with an unknown mean $$\boldsymbol{\mu}$$ and a covariance matrix $$\boldsymbol{\Sigma}$$. What is the correct prior for them? What happens if I assume that mean of both variables are 0?
Context: I've tried MCMC without giving any prior by assuming the likelihood for each pair of points to be a Gaussian with covariance of $$\boldsymbol{\Sigma}_i = \boldsymbol{\Sigma} + \pmatrix{{e_{x,i}}^2& 0\\0 &{e_{y,i}}^2}$$ but it lead to the correlation coefficient of $$\pm$$1, so I thought it was the problem of incorrect prior.
• Can you expand on 'correct prior'? Usually the 'correct prior' is the prior distribution that honestly and accurately reflects your (prior) beliefs about the parameters of interest. Jun 17, 2021 at 8:18
• @jcken Sorry for unclear wording - I don't know statistics very well. What I want is the least informative prior...or at least something like that. I need to calculate the correlation for any arbitrary set of data in industrial scale, and in most cases I know nothing about them. The intuition I have is that the correlation, given the measurement uncertainties, cannot be exactly 1 or -1. And closer they are to the unity, more unlikely they become. Jun 17, 2021 at 8:43
• Here is a new paper on the topic Jun 17, 2021 at 19:25
The trick is that there's no need to parametrize the covariance matrix.
Model the usual mean and variance for $$X$$ using normal and inverse gamma priors. Model the response $$Y$$ conditionally using a regression model, with normal priors for the intercept and slope, and the inverse gamma for the .
You can derive the covariance term using the following relation:
$$\beta = \text{Cov}(X,Y)/\text{Var}(X)$$
• Could you provide a proof for the statements you made? I want to follow it so that I could check if this is strictly true in case of multivariate Gaussian fitting. Jun 21, 2021 at 5:04 | 520 | 2,045 | {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 8, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 3.109375 | 3 | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | longest | en | 0.911398 |
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# In the following question, select the missing number from the given series.7, 14, 28, ?, 112, ?a)46, 222b)56, 224c)58, 226d)54, 230Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer? Related Test: SSC CHSL Mock Test -9
## SSC Question
By SOURAV KUMAR · Sep 21, 2020 ·SSC
The followed pattern is:
7 × 2 = 14
14 × 2 = 28
28 × 2 = 56
56 × 2 = 112
112 × 2 = 224
Hence, 56 and 224 will complete the given series. | 161 | 427 | {"found_math": false, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 3.40625 | 3 | CC-MAIN-2020-45 | latest | en | 0.784997 |
https://slideplayer.com/slide/5124114/ | 1,624,384,666,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-25/segments/1623488519183.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20210622155328-20210622185328-00337.warc.gz | 455,937,705 | 21,091 | # Phy 213: General Physics III Chapter 30: Induction & Inductance Lecture Notes.
## Presentation on theme: "Phy 213: General Physics III Chapter 30: Induction & Inductance Lecture Notes."— Presentation transcript:
Phy 213: General Physics III Chapter 30: Induction & Inductance Lecture Notes
Electromagnetic Induction We have observed that force is exerted on a charge by either and E field or a B field (when charge is moving): Consequences of the Lorentz Force: –A B field can exert a force on an electric current (moving charge) –A changing B-field (such as a moving magnet) will exert a magnetic force on a static charge, producing an electric current → this is called electromagnetic induction Faraday’s contribution to this observation: –For a closed loop, a current is induced when: 1.The B-field through the loop changes 2.The area (A) of the loop changes 3.The orientation of B and A changes q N S q N S A current is induced ONLY when any or all of the above are changing The magnitude of the induced current depends on the rate of change of 1-3 Moving charge Moving magnet
Magnetic Flux Faraday referred to changes in B field, area and orientation as changes in magnetic flux inside the closed loop The formal definition of magnetic flux ( B (analogous to electric flux) When B is uniform over A, this becomes: Magnetic flux is a measure of the # of B field lines within a closed area (or in this case a loop or coil of wire) Changes in B, A and/or change the magnetic flux Faraday’s Law: changing magnetic flux induces electromotive force (& thus current) in a closed wire loop
Faraday’s Law When no voltage source is present, current will flow around a closed loop or coil when an electric field is present parallel to the current flow. Charge flows due to the presence of electromotive force, or emf ( ) on charge carriers in the coil. The emf is given by: An E-field is induced along a coil when the magnetic flux changes, producing an emf ( ). The induced emf is related to: –The number of loops (N) in the coil –The rate at which the magnetic flux is changing inside the loop(s), or Note: magnetic flux changes when either the magnetic field (B), the area (A) or the orientation (cos ) of the loop changes: i
Changing Magnetic Field A magnet moves toward a loop of wire (N=10 & A is 0.02 m 2 ). During the movement, B changes from is 0.0 T to 1.5 T in 3 s (R loop is 2 ). 1)What is the induced in the loop? 2)What is the induced current in the loop?
Changing Area A loop of wire (N=10) contracts from 0.03 m 2 to 0.01 m 2 in 0.5 s, where B is 0.5 T and is 0 o (R loop is 1 ). 1)What is the induced in the loop? 2)What is the induced current in the loop?
Changing Orientation A loop of wire (N=10) rotates from 0 o to 90 o in 1.5 s, B is 0.5 T and A is 0.02 m 2 (R loop is 2 ). 1)What is the average angular frequency, ? 2)What is the induced in the loop? 3)What is the induced current in the loop?
Lenz’s Law When the magnetic flux changes within a loop of wire, the induced current resists the changing flux The direction of the induced current always produces a magnetic field that resists the change in magnetic flux (blue arrows) Review the previous examples and determine the direction of the current Magnetic flux, B Increasing B i i
Operating a light bulb with motional EMF Consider a rectangular loop placed within a magnetic field, with a moveable rail (R loop = 2 ). B = 0.5 T v = 10 m/s L = 1.0 m Questions: 1) What is the area of the loop? 2) How does the area vary with v? 3) What is the induced in the loop? 4) What is the induced current in the loop? 5) What is the direction of the current?
Force & Magnetic Induction What about the force applied by the hand to keep the rail moving? The moving rail induces an electric current and also produces power to drive the current: P = . i = (5 V)(2.5 A) = 12.5 W The power (rate of work performed) comes from the effort of the hand to push the rail –Since v is constant, the magnetic field exerts a resistive force on the rail: The force of the hand can be determined from the power:
Generators & Alternating Current Generators are devices that utilize electromagnetic induction to produce electricity Generators convert mechanical energy into electrical energy –Mechanical energy is utilized to either: Rotate a magnet inside a wire coil Rotate a wire coil inside a magnetic field –In both cases, the magnetic flux inside the coil changes producing an induced voltage –As the magnet or coil rotates, it produces an alternating current (AC) {due to the changing orientation of the coil and the magnetic field} Motors and Generators are equivalent devices –A generator is a motor running in reverse:
Maxwell’s Equations Taken in combination, the electromagnetic equations are referred to as Maxwell’s Equations: 1.Gauss’ Law (E) 2.Gauss’ Law (B) 3.Ampere’s Law 4.Faraday’s Law
Significance of Maxwell’s Equations 1.A time changing E field induces a B field. 2.A time changing B field induces an E field. 3.Together, 1 & 2 explain all electromagnetic behavior (in a classical sense) AND suggest that both E & B propagate as traveling waves, directed perpendicular to each other AND the propagation of the waves, where: and The product, o o, has special significance: or
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Chapter 11, Exercises 11.5 #59
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# Fin. Calculators
## Mortgage Payment
Conventional Payment
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VA Payment
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It is suggested that both the buyer and agent agree upon a conservative, realistic estimated appreciation. Tax savings are based on the buyer's marginal tax bracket given to the agent.
Since maintenance would be handled by the landlord if the buyer were renting, an estimate of what might be reasonable maintenance is used.
## Initial Qualifier
This calculates the maximum mortgage amount based on qualifying ratios for a particular type of loan. Other factors not considered in this form also determine whether a person qualifies for a loan such as credit score, references, length of credit, ability to repay, and the property's ability to secure the loan.
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This calculates the interest and time savings by applying additional principal contributions each payment.
By making regular additional principal contributions on a fixed rate mortgage, interest will be saved and the term shortened. This calculation assumes that the same increased monthly payment will be made from the beginning of the mortgage until it is paid in full.
This will compare an adjustable rate mortgage against a fixed rate mortgage to determine when the savings from the ARM will be exhausted in an effort to help the buyer determine the mortgage that will provide the least cost of housing. It assumes that the rate will adjust the maximum amount at each possible period.
## Cost of Waiting to Buy
This shows a buyer what can happen to the payment if while they are waiting for the price of the home to come down, the interest rate were to go up.
Due to the higher interest rate, the home may have a higher monthly payment even though the price of the home was less.
Housing affordability is based on price and interest rates.
This compares the future value of the amount of money necessary for the down payment on a home using three possible alternatives: a certificate of deposit, a stock investment, and purchasing the home. The comparison involves different amounts of risk that are not measured in the example.
## Interest Affects the Price
This shows the correlation in interest to price. It demonstrates that a .5% change in the rate is approximately equal to a 5% change in price.
## Will Points Make a Difference
Choosing between two loans with different interest rates can be difficult when there are other factors such as a different amount of points. This calculation develops a yield based on rate, points, and holding period to indicate which loan will have lower cost of housing.
## FHA MIP Release
The Annual Mortgage Insurance Premium on a FHA loan adds a considerable expense to a mortgage payment. It is cancelled when the loan-to-value reaches 78% of the original sales price. The date can be accelerated by making additional principal contributions to the loan. This app will serve as a tool to determine the required additional principal payments.
## Assumption Comparison
The Assumption Comparison helps a buyer to determine the advantages of assuming a FHA or VA mortgage with a lower interest rate compared to originating a new mortgage at a higher, market rate. The savings on the assumption can be in lower principal and interest payments, equity growing faster and lower closing costs. The choice is purchasing the property with a new conventional loan or assuming the existing mortgage with possibly a second mortgage. This comparison assumes that the purchaser will put an equal amount down to assume the existing mortgage and get a second mortgage for the difference.
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Matt & Leslie Healy
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"Spouses Selling Houses"
SAN ANGELO, TX 76904
Phone: 325 223 2255
Healy@CallHealy.com
"Serving San Angelo, Goodfellow Air Force Base, Wall, Christoval, Grape Creek
and the surrounding West Texas communities'
Real Estate needs with Professionalism, Trust and Integrity."
San Angelo Homes, REALTORS® 1732 Sunset Drive, San Angelo, TX 76904 Matt Healy, Broker | 995 | 4,977 | {"found_math": false, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 2.6875 | 3 | CC-MAIN-2019-35 | latest | en | 0.95161 |
https://www.analystforum.com/t/fcfe-net-borrowing-calc/117412 | 1,653,101,920,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-21/segments/1652662534773.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220521014358-20220521044358-00040.warc.gz | 702,523,956 | 4,139 | # FCFE net borrowing calc
There is a thread on the topic dating from back in 2013 but I am still confused. How do we calculate net borrowing?
One way from the thread was:
Net borrowing =
1. Increase (Decrease) in LT Debt + 2. Increase (Decrease) in ST Debt + 3. Increase (Decrease) in Notes Payable + 4. Increase (Decrease) in Preferred Shares.
So the full formula could be: LTD(t)-LTD(t-1) + STD(t)-STD(t-1) + NP(t)-NP(t-1) + PrefSh(t)-PrefSh(t-1)?
Thanks.
Another useful way:
[(FCInv - Dep) + WCInv] × Debt Ratio | 158 | 522 | {"found_math": false, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 2.671875 | 3 | CC-MAIN-2022-21 | latest | en | 0.881082 |
https://www.urbanpro.com/learn/tuition/bba-tuition/7717158 | 1,716,634,125,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-22/segments/1715971058822.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20240525100447-20240525130447-00535.warc.gz | 906,759,733 | 74,154 | true
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Lesson Posted on 22 Mar Learn BBA Tuition
Dr Anand Lokhande
I am a passionate teacher and believe that knowledge increases when shared. Teaching is my way of serving...
Capital budgeting is the process businesses use to assess potential long-term investments, ensuring they allocate their resources wisely. It helps companies decide whether to accept or reject projects based on their expected profitability. Limited capital: Businesses have a finite amount of funds for... read more
Capital budgeting is the process businesses use to assess potential long-term investments, ensuring they allocate their resources wisely. It helps companies decide whether to accept or reject projects based on their expected profitability.
Limited capital: Businesses have a finite amount of funds for investment, so choosing the right projects is crucial.
Long-term impact: Capital budgeting decisions can affect a company's success for years to come.
Considering future cash flows: It goes beyond the initial cost and looks at the project's entire cash flow cycle.
Discounting Methods:
Recognize the time value of money: A core principle in finance is that a dollar today is worth more than a dollar tomorrow. Discounting methods account for this by bringing future cash flows back to their present value using a discount rate.
More comprehensive analysis: By considering the entire cash flow stream and its timing, these methods provide a more accurate picture of an investment's profitability.
Common discounting methods:Net Present Value (NPV): Calculates the total present value of all future cash flows after subtracting the initial investment. A positive NPV indicates a profitable investment.
Internal Rate of Return (IRR): Determines the discount rate that makes the NPV of an investment equal to zero. If the IRR is greater than the company's cost of capital, the project is considered profitable.
Non-discounting Methods:
Simpler to use: These methods don't involve complex calculations and are easier to understand.
Don't consider time value of money: They assume that a dollar received today has the same value as a dollar received in the future, which can lead to misleading results.
Limited applicability: Due to this shortcoming, non-discounting methods are generally less preferred than discounting methods.
Common non-discounting methods:Payback Period: Focuses on how long it takes for an investment to recover its initial cost. Faster payback periods are generally preferred, but this method ignores cash flows beyond the payback period.
Accounting Rate of Return (ARR): Compares the average annual profit from an investment to the initial investment cost. It's a simple profitability metric but again, doesn't account for the time value of money.
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Answered on 06/12/2023 Learn BBA Tuition
Pooja R. Jain
UrbanPro.com ensures transparent and consistent pricing for DevOps training coaching, fostering a reliable learning environment. Annual Fee Reviews: UrbanPro.com regularly reviews and updates the fee structure, but any changes are communicated transparently to both tutors and learners well in advance. Stability... read more
UrbanPro.com ensures transparent and consistent pricing for DevOps training coaching, fostering a reliable learning environment.
• Annual Fee Reviews: UrbanPro.com regularly reviews and updates the fee structure, but any changes are communicated transparently to both tutors and learners well in advance.
• Stability Assurance: The platform maintains stability in tuition fees, providing an assurance that learners won't face sudden or unpredictable changes in the cost of DevOps training coaching.
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UrbanPro.com stands out as the preferred platform for DevOps training coaching for various reasons.
• Qualified Tutors: The platform attracts experienced and qualified tutors and coaching institutes specializing in DevOps training coaching. This ensures learners receive high-quality education.
• Diverse Learning Formats: UrbanPro.com offers flexibility in learning with options for both online and offline coaching. Learners can choose the format that best suits their preferences and schedule.
• Best Online Coaching for DevOps Training Coaching: UrbanPro.com is renowned for providing one of the best online coaching experiences for DevOps training. The platform prioritizes the use of advanced teaching methodologies to enhance the learning experience.
How UrbanPro.com Communicates Fee Changes:
UrbanPro.com follows a clear communication strategy to keep all parties informed about any alterations in tuition fees.
• Timely Notifications: Any changes in tuition fees for DevOps training coaching are communicated through timely notifications via email or the UrbanPro app.
• Detailed Explanations: Along with fee updates, UrbanPro.com provides detailed explanations for the reasons behind the changes, ensuring transparency and trust among tutors and learners.
Conclusion:
UrbanPro.com emerges as a reliable and transparent platform for DevOps training coaching, offering stability in tuition fees and a rich learning experience.
Whether you are a learner looking for the best online coaching for DevOps training or a tutor seeking a platform with consistent policies, UrbanPro.com stands out as the go-to marketplace for DevOps training coaching.
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Answered on 06/12/2023 Learn BBA Tuition
Pooja R. Jain
As a seasoned DevOps training coach registered on UrbanPro.com, I understand the importance of transparency when it comes to fees and pricing for online coaching. UrbanPro.com is a trusted marketplace that connects learners with experienced tutors and coaching institutes, ensuring a seamless learning... read more
As a seasoned DevOps training coach registered on UrbanPro.com, I understand the importance of transparency when it comes to fees and pricing for online coaching. UrbanPro.com is a trusted marketplace that connects learners with experienced tutors and coaching institutes, ensuring a seamless learning experience.
Transparent Pricing: UrbanPro.com prides itself on maintaining a transparent pricing structure for DevOps training coaching services. Tutors and coaching institutes clearly outline their fees, allowing learners to make informed decisions based on their budget and learning requirements.
No Hidden Fees: Rest assured, there are no hidden fees associated with DevOps training coaching on UrbanPro.com. The platform is committed to providing a straightforward and honest learning environment, where both tutors and learners can engage without any unexpected financial surprises.
Key Features of UrbanPro.com:
1. Verified Tutors and Institutes: UrbanPro.com verifies the credentials of tutors and coaching institutes to ensure that learners receive quality education from experienced professionals.
2. Flexible Learning Options: Whether you are looking for in-person coaching or prefer the convenience of online sessions, UrbanPro.com offers a variety of flexible learning options to suit your preferences.
3. Reviews and Ratings: Gain insights into the effectiveness of DevOps training coaching by checking reviews and ratings from previous learners. UrbanPro.com encourages an open feedback system to help learners make well-informed choices.
How to Ensure Transparent Pricing: To ensure a clear understanding of the fees associated with DevOps training coaching, follow these steps on UrbanPro.com:
1. Visit UrbanPro.com: Go to the official UrbanPro.com website to explore the available DevOps training coaches and institutes.
2. Filter and Compare: Use the platform's filtering options to narrow down your search based on location, expertise, and reviews. Compare the pricing details of different coaches to find the best fit for your learning goals.
3. Contact Tutors Directly: Feel free to contact DevOps training coaches directly through UrbanPro.com to discuss any specific questions you may have regarding fees, curriculum, or the learning process.
Conclusion: UrbanPro.com stands out as a reliable and transparent platform for DevOps training coaching. With no hidden fees and a commitment to quality education, learners can confidently choose UrbanPro.com for the best online coaching experience in DevOps training.
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Answered on 06/12/2023 Learn BBA Tuition
Pooja R. Jain
As an experienced tutor registered on UrbanPro.com, I understand the significance of making informed decisions about BBA tuition and training. One crucial aspect that prospective students often contemplate is the comparison of tuition fees between public and private universities. Public Universities -... read more
As an experienced tutor registered on UrbanPro.com, I understand the significance of making informed decisions about BBA tuition and training. One crucial aspect that prospective students often contemplate is the comparison of tuition fees between public and private universities.
### Public Universities
#### - Affordability
Public universities generally have lower tuition fees compared to their private counterparts. This is because they receive funding from the government, making education more accessible to a broader range of students.
#### - Fee Structure
1. Fixed Rates: Public universities often have fixed tuition rates set by government regulations, providing transparency and predictability.
2. Scholarship Opportunities: Various public universities offer scholarships, grants, and financial aid, further easing the financial burden for eligible students.
#### - UrbanPro's Role
1. Diverse Options: UrbanPro serves as a platform connecting students with skilled tutors and coaching institutes specializing in BBA tuition at public universities.
2. Affordable Packages: Tutors on UrbanPro often provide cost-effective coaching options, ensuring quality education without breaking the bank.
### Private Universities
#### - Higher Tuition
Private universities typically have higher tuition fees due to their reliance on tuition revenue as their primary funding source.
#### - Fee Structure
1. Variable Rates: Private universities may have variable tuition rates, often influenced by factors such as program prestige and facilities.
2. Financial Assistance: While private universities may have higher tuition, they also offer robust financial aid programs, scholarships, and student loan options.
#### - UrbanPro's Value Proposition
1. Expert Tutors: UrbanPro hosts a pool of experienced tutors specializing in BBA tuition for private universities, ensuring students receive top-notch coaching tailored to their academic needs.
2. Customized Learning: Tutors on UrbanPro offer personalized and flexible learning approaches, catering to the specific curriculum and challenges posed by private university education.
### Conclusion
In conclusion, the choice between public and private universities for BBA tuition involves considering various factors, including tuition fees. UrbanPro plays a crucial role in this decision-making process by providing a reliable platform where students can connect with skilled tutors and coaching institutes. Whether opting for public or private university education, UrbanPro's extensive network ensures access to quality BBA tuition and training coaching tailored to individual needs.
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Answered on 06/12/2023 Learn BBA Tuition
Pooja R. Jain
Congratulations on securing admission to the BBA program! As you embark on this academic journey, it's essential to explore financial aid options that can ease your educational expenses. UrbanPro, a leading marketplace for BBA tuition, training, and coaching, not only connects students with experienced... read more
Congratulations on securing admission to the BBA program! As you embark on this academic journey, it's essential to explore financial aid options that can ease your educational expenses. UrbanPro, a leading marketplace for BBA tuition, training, and coaching, not only connects students with experienced tutors but also provides valuable information on financial aid opportunities.
Yes, you can apply for financial aid after being admitted to the BBA program. Many students may not be aware that financial aid is not limited to the application phase; there are opportunities available even after securing admission.
UrbanPro as a Resource:
UrbanPro serves as a comprehensive resource for BBA students, offering guidance on financial aid processes. Here's how UrbanPro supports students seeking financial assistance:
1. Dedicated Section for Financial Aid: UrbanPro's platform includes a dedicated section that provides insights into various financial aid options available for BBA programs.
2. Expert Tutors with Financial Aid Knowledge: Tutors registered on UrbanPro are not only experienced in BBA coaching but are well-versed in guiding students through the financial aid application process.
3. Online Coaching with Financial Aid Insights: UrbanPro facilitates online coaching for BBA, allowing students to access expert tutors who can offer personalized guidance on financial aid applications.
Steps to Apply for Financial Aid:
UrbanPro's platform can assist you in navigating the process of applying for financial aid after admission. Follow these steps:
1. Explore Financial Aid Options:
• UrbanPro's website provides information on scholarships, grants, and other financial aid opportunities specifically tailored for BBA students.
2. Connect with Expert Tutors:
• Utilize UrbanPro's platform to connect with experienced tutors who can offer insights into the financial aid landscape and guide you on the best approach.
3. Stay Informed through Online Coaching:
• Engage in online coaching sessions on UrbanPro to stay informed about the latest updates and changes in financial aid policies.
4. Utilize UrbanPro's Resources:
• Take advantage of UrbanPro's resources, such as articles and blog posts, which provide in-depth information on financial aid options and application procedures.
Conclusion:
UrbanPro is not just a platform for finding the best online coaching for BBA tuition and training; it is a holistic resource that supports students throughout their academic journey. Whether you are exploring financial aid options before admission or seeking assistance after being admitted to the BBA program, UrbanPro is here to guide you at every step. Explore the platform to make informed decisions and unlock the financial aid opportunities available for your BBA education.
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Answered on 06/12/2023 Learn BBA Tuition
Pooja R. Jain
As an experienced BBA tuition trainer registered on UrbanPro.com, I understand the importance of finding reliable resources for BBA tuition training and coaching. One common concern among students is the financial aspect of such coaching programs, and this leads us to the question of whether there... read more
As an experienced BBA tuition trainer registered on UrbanPro.com, I understand the importance of finding reliable resources for BBA tuition training and coaching. One common concern among students is the financial aspect of such coaching programs, and this leads us to the question of whether there are tuition reimbursement programs with employers.
Tuition Reimbursement Programs Overview: Many employers do offer tuition reimbursement programs as part of their employee benefits package. These programs are designed to support employees in their pursuit of further education, including BBA tuition training and coaching.
Benefits of Tuition Reimbursement Programs: Employer-sponsored tuition reimbursement programs come with several advantages, making them an option for BBA students:
• Financial Support: Employers often cover a significant portion or the entirety of the tuition fees for approved courses, reducing the financial burden on students.
• Professional Development: BBA tuition training and coaching contribute to professional development, enhancing skills that can be directly applied to the workplace.
• Career Advancement: Completing a BBA program with employer support can open doors to career advancement within the company.
UrbanPro as a Trusted Marketplace for BBA Tuition Training: When searching for the best online coaching for BBA tuition training, UrbanPro.com stands out as a trusted marketplace connecting students with experienced tutors and coaching institutes. Here's why UrbanPro is an excellent choice:
• Wide Network of Tutors: UrbanPro boasts a vast network of experienced BBA tutors who specialize in providing top-notch coaching.
• Customized Learning Plans: Tutors on UrbanPro understand the unique needs of each student and tailor their coaching to ensure effective learning.
• Verified Tutors and Institutes: UrbanPro verifies the credentials of tutors and coaching institutes, ensuring that students have access to reliable and qualified educators.
• Convenient Online Coaching: In the digital age, online coaching is gaining popularity. UrbanPro offers a seamless platform for students to connect with BBA tutors and coaching institutes online.
• Transparent Reviews and Ratings: Students can make informed decisions by referring to the transparent reviews and ratings of tutors and coaching institutes on UrbanPro.
Conclusion: In conclusion, exploring employer-sponsored tuition reimbursement programs can be a smart financial move for BBA students. When seeking the best online coaching for BBA tuition training, UrbanPro.com emerges as a reliable platform, connecting students with experienced tutors and coaching institutes committed to delivering high-quality education. Leveraging both employer support and UrbanPro's resources can pave the way for a successful BBA learning journey.
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Answered on 06/12/2023 Learn BBA Tuition
Pooja R. Jain
As an experienced tutor registered on UrbanPro.com, I understand that pursuing a BBA degree can be financially challenging. However, there are avenues to make quality education more affordable. One such avenue is the potential for tuition discounts, particularly for siblings attending the same university. Exploring... read more
As an experienced tutor registered on UrbanPro.com, I understand that pursuing a BBA degree can be financially challenging. However, there are avenues to make quality education more affordable. One such avenue is the potential for tuition discounts, particularly for siblings attending the same university.
### Exploring Sibling Discounts in BBA Tuition
#### Importance of Sibling Discounts
• Sibling discounts serve as a valuable financial relief for families with multiple members enrolled in the same educational institution.
• Many universities and colleges recognize the financial strain on families and have implemented sibling discount policies to support them.
#### UrbanPro: Connecting You with BBA Tuition Experts
• UrbanPro is a trusted marketplace connecting students with experienced BBA tuition, training, and coaching experts.
• The platform ensures a seamless process for finding the best online coaching for BBA tuition and training, including institutes offering sibling discounts.
### How to Leverage Sibling Discounts
#### Research University Policies
• Before seeking a tuition discount, it's essential to research the specific policies of the university your siblings are attending.
• Universities often outline their discount policies on their official websites or through their financial aid offices.
#### Communicate with University Officials
• Reach out to the university's admissions or financial aid office to inquire about the availability and application process for sibling discounts.
• Clearly express your situation and inquire about any documentation or forms required to validate the sibling relationship.
### UrbanPro: Your Gateway to Affordable BBA Tuition
#### Find the Best Online Coaching for BBA Tuition
• UrbanPro boasts a vast network of experienced tutors and coaching institutes specializing in BBA tuition and training.
• Utilize the platform's search and filter features to identify tutors or institutes offering the best online coaching for BBA tuition.
#### Connect with Sibling-Friendly Tutors
• UrbanPro allows you to connect directly with tutors who may be familiar with or open to providing sibling discounts.
• Discuss your situation with potential tutors to explore any available options for reduced tuition rates.
### Conclusion
In conclusion, securing a tuition discount for siblings attending the same university is a feasible option. UrbanPro stands as your reliable partner in finding the best online coaching for BBA tuition and training, connecting you with experienced tutors and coaching institutes that may offer affordable solutions, including sibling discounts. Leverage the platform to make quality education accessible and manageable for your family.
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Answered on 17 Jan Learn BBA Tuition
Tuition discounts or scholarships for student-athletes vary depending on the policies of the educational institution and the level of competition (e.g., high school, college, or university). Here are some general considerations: College and University Scholarships: Many colleges and universities... read more
Tuition discounts or scholarships for student-athletes vary depending on the policies of the educational institution and the level of competition (e.g., high school, college, or university). Here are some general considerations:
1. College and University Scholarships:
• Many colleges and universities offer athletic scholarships to student-athletes who demonstrate exceptional skills in a particular sport. These scholarships may cover part or all of the tuition costs, and they are often awarded based on athletic performance, potential contributions to the team, and academic achievements.
2. NCAA and Other Sports Associations:
• In the United States, the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) oversees college sports and sets rules regarding athletic scholarships. Student-athletes competing in NCAA-affiliated sports may be eligible for scholarships from their respective institutions.
3. High School Athletic Scholarships:
• Some high schools also offer athletic scholarships or financial assistance to student-athletes. These scholarships may be provided by the school itself or by local organizations, booster clubs, or sponsors.
4. Athletic Grants and Aid:
• In addition to scholarships, student-athletes may be eligible for athletic grants or financial aid programs. These programs may not be labeled as "scholarships" but can still provide financial assistance to support education.
5. Communication with Coaches and Athletic Departments:
• If you are a student-athlete seeking financial assistance, it's essential to communicate with the coaches and athletic departments of the schools you are interested in. Coaches can provide information about available scholarships, grants, or other forms of support.
• While athletic ability is a key factor in obtaining sports scholarships, maintaining a strong academic record is also crucial. Many schools consider both athletic and academic achievements when awarding scholarships.
7. Division Levels and Eligibility:
• NCAA member schools are categorized into different divisions (e.g., Division I, II, III), each with its own rules regarding athletic scholarships. Division I and II schools can offer athletic scholarships, while Division III schools do not offer athletic scholarships but may provide other forms of financial aid.
It's important to note that policies and opportunities can vary widely among different countries, educational institutions, and sports programs. If you are a student-athlete, consider reaching out to the athletic departments of the schools you are interested in to inquire about available financial support options and the eligibility criteria for scholarships. Additionally, be aware of the rules and regulations set by relevant sports associations or governing bodies in your region.
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Answered on 17 Jan Learn BBA Tuition
The tuition fees for a second bachelor's degree can vary widely depending on several factors, including the country, the specific university or college, the program of study, and whether the institution is public or private. Additionally, the cost may be influenced by the duration of the program... read more
The tuition fees for a second bachelor's degree can vary widely depending on several factors, including the country, the specific university or college, the program of study, and whether the institution is public or private. Additionally, the cost may be influenced by the duration of the program and the specific requirements of the degree.
Here are some general considerations:
1. Public vs. Private Institutions:
• Public universities or colleges often have different tuition fee structures for residents (in-state) and non-residents (out-of-state or international students). Private institutions typically have a standard tuition rate for all students.
2. Country and Region:
• Tuition fees vary significantly from one country to another. Different countries have different approaches to tuition, and the cost can be influenced by government policies, funding models, and economic factors.
3. Program of Study:
• Some academic disciplines may have higher tuition fees due to specialized equipment, facilities, or faculty expertise. Professional programs or degrees in fields such as medicine, engineering, or business may have higher tuition costs.
4. Duration of the Program:
• The length of the program also affects the total tuition cost. Some second bachelor's degree programs may have accelerated formats or specific credit requirements that impact the overall cost.
5. Financial Aid and Scholarships:
• Availability of financial aid, scholarships, or grants can significantly reduce the out-of-pocket costs for students pursuing a second bachelor's degree. It's advisable to explore available financial assistance options.
6. Mode of Study:
• If you are studying part-time or through online/distance education, the tuition structure may be different from full-time, on-campus programs. Online programs may have different fee structures, and part-time study may extend the duration of the degree.
7. Prior Education Credits:
• Some institutions may consider credits earned during the first bachelor's degree when determining tuition for a second bachelor's degree. This can impact the total number of credits required and, consequently, the cost.
To obtain accurate and up-to-date information on tuition fees for a second bachelor's degree, it is recommended to directly contact the admissions or financial aid offices of the specific universities or colleges you are interested in. They can provide detailed information about program costs, available financial aid options, and any potential discounts or scholarships based on your individual circumstances.
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Answered on 17 Jan Learn BBA Tuition
Yes, there are various tuition assistance programs and opportunities for international students, but the availability and types of assistance can vary depending on the country, university, and specific program. Here are some common forms of tuition assistance for international students: International... read more
Yes, there are various tuition assistance programs and opportunities for international students, but the availability and types of assistance can vary depending on the country, university, and specific program. Here are some common forms of tuition assistance for international students:
1. International Scholarships:
• Many universities and institutions offer scholarships specifically for international students. These scholarships may be merit-based, need-based, or a combination of both. They can cover partial or full tuition costs.
2. Government Scholarships and Grants:
• Some governments provide scholarships or grants to international students as part of their foreign aid or cultural exchange programs. These opportunities are often administered through government agencies, embassies, or international organizations.
3. Institutional Scholarships and Grants:
• Universities and colleges may have their own scholarship programs for international students. These could be based on academic achievement, leadership skills, or other criteria. It's essential to check with the admissions or financial aid office of the specific institution.
4. Fulbright Program:
• The Fulbright Program, sponsored by the U.S. Department of State, offers scholarships to international students for graduate study, research, and teaching in the United States. Similar programs may exist in other countries.
5. Commonwealth Scholarships:
• The Commonwealth Scholarship and Fellowship Plan provides scholarships for students from Commonwealth countries to study in other member countries. The scholarships cover various levels of study, including undergraduate and postgraduate programs.
6. International Student Loans:
• Some financial institutions and organizations offer loans specifically for international students. These loans may have competitive interest rates and flexible repayment options.
7. Work-Study Programs:
• In some countries, international students are allowed to work part-time during their studies. This income can help cover living expenses and contribute to tuition costs. Check the regulations and policies regarding work opportunities for international students in the respective country.
8. Country-Specific Programs:
• Some countries have specific programs to attract and support international students. For example, Germany offers various tuition-free or low-cost education opportunities for international students, and other countries may have similar initiatives.
9. Nonprofit Organizations and Foundations:
• Certain nonprofit organizations and foundations provide financial assistance to international students. These organizations may have specific criteria or focus areas, so it's worth researching opportunities that align with your goals and background.
• Some international students receive tuition assistance from their employers. If you are already employed or plan to work while studying, inquire about employer-sponsored education programs.
It's important for international students to thoroughly research and explore available options for tuition assistance. Contacting the admissions or international student services offices of prospective universities and seeking guidance from educational advisors can provide valuable information about scholarships, grants, and other financial aid opportunities.
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# How many times does 2 go in to 130?
Updated: 9/26/2023
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65 = 130 / 2
### How many times does 8 go into 130?
130 ÷ 8 = 16 with remainder 2
### How many times can 50 go into 130?
130 / 50 = 2 with a remainder of 30.
### How many times does 50 go into 130?
130 ÷ 50 = 2 with remainder 30.
### How many times does 2 go into 260?
260 ÷ 2 = 130
### How many times does 4 go into 130?
32 times with a remainder of 2 or 32.5 times
### How many times does 54 go into 130?
2 with remainder 22.
### How many times does 20 go in to 130?
(6 and 1/2) times
### How many times does one sixth go into forty three and one third?
43 and 1/3 = 130/3 130/3 divided by 1/6 = 130/3 times 6/1 = 130x 2 = 260
### How many times does the prime factor 2 appear in 130?
You can just divide 130 by 2 and get 65, which is odd so it doesn't have 2 as a factor. Therefore the answer is 1.Answer 1You need to find the prime factorization of 130. 130 = 2*5*13Therefore the answer is 1.
### How many times does the prime factor 2 appear in the factorization of 130?
You can find the prime factorization of 130: 130 = 2*5*13 Therefore the answer is 1. Or you can skip a step. Just divide 130 by 2. You get 65, which is an odd number. Therefore there is only 1 factor of 2 in the factorization of 130.
130 | 475 | 1,465 | {"found_math": false, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 4.1875 | 4 | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | latest | en | 0.94898 |
https://gauravtiwari.org/partial-derivative-calculator/ | 1,606,701,965,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141204453.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20201130004748-20201130034748-00362.warc.gz | 314,158,083 | 18,741 | # Partial Derivative Calculator
Use the Partial Derivative Calculator below to solve your partial derivative related problems:
Widget credit: https://www.wolframalpha.com
What is a partial derivative?
How do you compute it? For what purposes is it used for?
If you’re looking for answers to questions like these, then you’ve come to the right page. We will discuss the above questions as well as the various areas where partial derivates are used.
## What is a Partial Derivative?
The term contains two words: partial and derivative. The derivative of any algebraic expression is calculated with respect to a certain specified variable. This is done by differentiating the given function or expression with respect to the specified variable and it symbolizes the change in given function f(x) when the specified variable changes infinitesimally.
Also see our series on solving integral equations.
The derivative part is pretty clear when f(x) is composed of a single variable, but if it contains more than one variable then the inter-dependence of each variable also needs to be taken into account while calculating the derivative. And this is where the concept of “partial” derivative comes into play.
The partial derivative of a multi-variable expression with respect to a single variable is computed by differentiating the given function w.r.t. the desired variable whilst treating all other variables as constant, unlike the total differential where all variables can vary.
Partial derivatives symbolize instantaneous change in a given function relative to the infinitesimal change of variable under consideration. It is extensively used in differential geometry and vector calculus. Also, for optimization purposes, partial derivatives play a major role in every field and the total derivative can be computed step-by-step using partial derivatives.
## Examples & Usage of Partial Derivatives
As stated above, partial derivative has its use in various sciences, a few of which are listed here:
### Partial Derivatives in Optimization
Partial derivates are used for calculus-based optimization when there’s dependence on more than one variable.
### Partial Derivatives in Geometry
To compute rate at which a certain geometric quantity, volume, surface area, etc., varies when a basic measurement (radius, height, length, etc) is varied.
### Partial Derivatives in Mathematical Physics
Partial derivatives (rather partial differential equations) have extensive use in mathematical physics (and variational calculus, Fourier analysis, potential theory, vector analysis, etc).
### Partial Derivatives in Thermodynamics
Partial derivatives in this case can be thermal variables or ratios of some variables like mole fractions in the Gibbs energy equation.
### Partial Derivatives in Quantum Mechanics
Schrodinger wave equations and several other equations from quantum mechanics inherently use partial derivatives.
### Partial Derivatives in Economics
Most functions explaining economic behavior statements like the behaviors depending on so and so variables in a particular manner, are obtained using the concept of partial derivates where independent variation in the behavior is observed by varying the fundamental variables one by one.
In addition to these partial derivatives are used in many other areas of education to calculate the differentiation of a function partially with respect to a variable.
## Notations used in Partial Derivative Calculator
Let f be a function in x,y and z.
First order partial derivatives are represented by
$\dfrac{\partial f}{\partial x} = f_x$
Second order partial derivatives given by
$\dfrac{\partial^2 f}{\partial x^2} = f_{xx}$
The mix derivative is shown by
$\dfrac{\partial^2 f}{\partial x^2} = f_{xx}$
## Summarizing
As much use partial derivatives have, they are equally difficult to compute at higher levels and hence online partial derivative calculators are designed to help the users simplify their computations. Below we have presented one such calculator, equipped with the functions of computing partial derivatives to cater to all your computational needs.
partial differentiation calculator, second order partial derivative calculator, second partial derivative calculator, first partial derivative calculator, partial derivative solver, second order partial derivatives calculator, partial derivative calculator at a point implicit partial derivative calculator partial derivative calculator – emathhelp partial derivative examples second derivative calculator partial derivative with constrained variables calculator wolfram alpha partial derivative integral calculator Page navigation
Get up to 80% discount on various products with exclusive coupons | 868 | 4,747 | {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 1, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 4.3125 | 4 | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | latest | en | 0.909789 |
http://mathonline.wikidot.com/the-union-and-intersection-of-collections-of-open-sets | 1,723,186,077,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-33/segments/1722640759711.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20240809044241-20240809074241-00777.warc.gz | 21,201,714 | 5,295 | The Union and Intersection of Collections of Open Sets
# The Union and Intersection of Collections of Open Sets
Recall from the Open and Closed Sets in Euclidean Space page that a set $S \subseteq \mathbb{R}^n$ is said to be an open set if $S = \mathrm{int} (S)$ and is said to be a closed set if $S =\mathrm{int} (S) \cup \mathrm{bdry} (S)$.
We will now look at some very important theorems regarding the union of an arbitrary collection of open sets and the intersection of a finite collection of open sets.
Theorem 1: If $\mathcal F$ is an arbitrary collection of open sets then $\displaystyle{\bigcup_{A \in \mathcal F} A}$ is an open set.
By "arbitrary" we mean that $\mathcal F$ can be a finite, countably infinite, or uncountably infinite collection of sets.
• Proof: Let $\mathcal F$ be an arbitrary collection of open sets and let:
(1)
\begin{align} \quad S = \bigcup_{A \in \mathcal F} A \end{align}
• We want to show that $S = \mathrm{int} (S)$.
• First suppose that $x \in S$. Then $x \in A$ for some set $A \in \mathcal F$. Since $A$ is an open set, there exists an $r > 0$ such that $B(x, r) \subseteq A$. But $A \subseteq S$, so by extension, there exists an $r > 0$ such that $B(x, r) \subseteq S$, so $x \in \mathrm{int} (S)$ and hence $S \subseteq \mathrm{int} (S)$.
• Now suppose that $x \in \mathrm{int} (S)$. Then for some $r > 0$ there exists a $B(x, r) \subseteq S$. Since $x \in B(x, r)$ we have that by extension, $x \in S$, so $\mathrm{int} (S) \subseteq S$.
• Since $S \subseteq \mathrm{int} (S)$ and $S \supseteq \mathrm{int} (S)$ we conclude that $S = \mathrm{int} (S)$. Therefore $\displaystyle{\bigcup_{A \in \mathcal F} A}$ is an open set. $\blacksquare$
Theorem 2: If $\mathcal F = \{ A_1, A_2, ..., A_n \}$ is a finite collection of open sets then $\displaystyle{\bigcap_{i=1}^{n} A_i}$ is an open set.
• Proof: Let $\mathcal F = \{ A_1, A_2, ..., A_n \}$ be a finite collection of open sets and let:
(2)
\begin{align} \quad S = \bigcap_{i=1}^{n} A_i \end{align}
• Once again, we want to show that $S = \mathrm{int} (S)$.
• Let $x \in S$. Then $x \in A_i$ for all $i \in \{1, 2, ..., n \}$ and so for each $i$ there exists some $r_i > 0$ such that:
(3)
\begin{align} \quad B(x, r_i) \subseteq A_i \: \mathrm{for \: all \:} i = 1, 2, ..., n \end{align}
• Let $r = \mathrm{min} \{ r_1, r_2, ..., r_n \}$. Then we have that $B(x, r) \subseteq A_i$ for all $i \in I$, so $B(x, r) \subseteq S$. Hence there exists an $r > 0$ such that $B(x, r) \subseteq S$ so $x \in S$ and $S \subseteq \mathrm{int} (S)$.
• Now suppose that $x \in \mathrm{int} (S)$. Then once again there exists an $r > 0$ such that $B(x, r) \subseteq S$. Since $x \in B(x, r)$, by extension we have that $x \in S$ so $\mathrm{int} (S) \subseteq S$.
• Since $S \subseteq \mathrm{int} (S)$ and $S \supseteq \mathrm{int} (S)$ we concluded that $S = \mathrm{int} (S)$ so $\displaystyle{\bigcap_{i=1}^{n} A_i}$ is an open set. $\blacksquare$ | 1,031 | 2,942 | {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 1, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 3, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 4.125 | 4 | CC-MAIN-2024-33 | latest | en | 0.741167 |
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# My comments on Manhattan CAT CR Question. What's yours?
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Hi all,
I have just finished the free ManCAT and the first ManCAT. My comment is that the CR questions are not well constructed. Or I should say that their way of reasoning is very different from that of GMATPrep.
What do you think?
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14 Jul 2008, 09:25
To certain extent yes, you seem to be right! There are a few non-GMAT like questions i guess - but arent bad for practice.
Re: My comments on Manhattan CAT CR Question. What's yours? [#permalink] 14 Jul 2008, 09:25
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# My comments on Manhattan CAT CR Question. What's yours?
Powered by phpBB © phpBB Group and phpBB SEO Kindly note that the GMAT® test is a registered trademark of the Graduate Management Admission Council®, and this site has neither been reviewed nor endorsed by GMAC®. | 651 | 2,361 | {"found_math": false, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 2.6875 | 3 | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | latest | en | 0.881543 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sieve_theory | 1,726,561,168,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-38/segments/1725700651750.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20240917072424-20240917102424-00622.warc.gz | 213,014,425 | 30,432 | # Sieve theory
Sieve theory is a set of general techniques in number theory, designed to count, or more realistically to estimate the size of, sifted sets of integers. The prototypical example of a sifted set is the set of prime numbers up to some prescribed limit X. Correspondingly, the prototypical example of a sieve is the sieve of Eratosthenes, or the more general Legendre sieve. The direct attack on prime numbers using these methods soon reaches apparently insuperable obstacles, in the way of the accumulation of error terms.[citation needed] In one of the major strands of number theory in the twentieth century, ways were found of avoiding some of the difficulties of a frontal attack with a naive idea of what sieving should be.[citation needed]
One successful approach is to approximate a specific sifted set of numbers (e.g. the set of prime numbers) by another, simpler set (e.g. the set of almost prime numbers), which is typically somewhat larger than the original set, and easier to analyze. More sophisticated sieves also do not work directly with sets per se, but instead count them according to carefully chosen weight functions on these sets (options for giving some elements of these sets more "weight" than others). Furthermore, in some modern applications, sieves are used not to estimate the size of a sifted set, but to produce a function that is large on the set and mostly small outside it, while being easier to analyze than the characteristic function of the set.
The term sieve was first used by the norwegian mathematician Viggo Brun in 1915.[1] However Brun's work was inspired by the works of the french mathematician Jean Merlin who died in the World War I and only two of his manuscripts survived.[2]
## Basic sieve theory
For information on notation see at the end.
We start with some countable sequence of non-negative numbers ${\displaystyle {\mathcal {A}}=(a_{n})}$. In the most basic case this sequence is just the indicator function ${\displaystyle a_{n}=1_{A}(n)}$ of some set ${\displaystyle A=\{s:s\leq x\}}$ we want to sieve. However this abstraction allows for more general situations. Next we introduce a general set of prime numbers called the sifting range ${\displaystyle {\mathcal {P}}\subseteq \mathbb {P} }$ and their product up to ${\displaystyle z}$ as a function ${\displaystyle P(z)=\prod \limits _{p\in {\mathcal {P}},p.
The goal of sieve theory is to estimate the sifting function
${\displaystyle S({\mathcal {A}},{\mathcal {P}},z)=\sum \limits _{n\leq x,{\text{gcd}}(n,P(z))=1}a_{n}.}$
In the case of ${\displaystyle a_{n}=1_{A}(n)}$ this just counts the cardinality of a subset ${\displaystyle A_{\operatorname {sift} }\subseteq A}$ of numbers, that are coprime to the prime factors of ${\displaystyle P(z)}$.
### The inclusion–exclusion principle
For ${\displaystyle {\mathcal {P}}}$ define
${\displaystyle A_{\operatorname {sift} }:=\{a\in A|(a,p_{1}\cdots p_{k})=1\},\quad p_{1},\dots ,p_{k}\in {\mathcal {P}}}$
and for each prime ${\displaystyle p\in {\mathcal {P}}}$ denote the set ${\displaystyle E_{p}=\{pn:n\in \mathbb {N} \}}$ and let ${\displaystyle |E_{p}|}$ be the cardinality. Let now ${\displaystyle {\mathcal {P}}:=\{2,3,5,7,11,13\dots \}}$ be some set of primes.[clarification needed]
If one wants to calculate the cardinality of ${\displaystyle A_{\operatorname {sift} }}$, one can apply the inclusion–exclusion principle. This algorithm works like this: first one removes from the cardinality of ${\displaystyle |A|}$ the cardinality ${\displaystyle |E_{2}|}$ and ${\displaystyle |E_{3}|}$. Now since one has removed the numbers that are divisble by ${\displaystyle 2}$ and ${\displaystyle 3}$ twice, one has to add the cardinality ${\displaystyle |E_{6}|}$. In the next step one removes ${\displaystyle |E_{5}|}$ and adds ${\displaystyle |E_{10}|}$ and ${\displaystyle |E_{15}|}$ again. Additionally one has now to remove ${\displaystyle |E_{30}|}$, i.e. the cardinality of all numbers divisible by ${\displaystyle 2,3}$ and ${\displaystyle 5}$. This leads to the inclusion–exclusion principle
${\displaystyle |A_{\operatorname {sift} }|=|A|-|E_{2}|-|E_{3}|+|E_{6}|-|E_{5}|+|E_{10}|+|E_{15}|-|E_{30}|+\cdots }$
### Legendre's identity
We can rewrite the sifting function with Legendre's identity
${\displaystyle S({\mathcal {A}},{\mathcal {P}},z)=\sum \limits _{d\mid P(z)}\mu (d)A_{d}(x)}$
by using the Möbius function and some functions ${\displaystyle A_{d}(x)}$ induced by the elements of ${\displaystyle {\mathcal {P}}}$
${\displaystyle A_{d}(x)=\sum \limits _{n\leq x,n\equiv 0{\pmod {d}}}a_{n}.}$
#### Example
Let ${\displaystyle z=7}$ and ${\displaystyle {\mathcal {P}}=\mathbb {P} }$. The Möbius function is negative for every prime, so we get
{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}S({\mathcal {A}},\mathbb {P} ,7)&=A_{1}(x)-A_{2}(x)-A_{3}(x)-A_{5}(x)+A_{6}(x)+A_{10}(x)+A_{15}(x)-A_{30}(x).\end{aligned}}}
### Approximation of the congruence sum
One assumes then that ${\displaystyle A_{d}(x)}$ can be written as
${\displaystyle A_{d}(x)=g(d)X+r_{d}(x)}$
where ${\displaystyle g(d)}$ is a density, meaning a multiplicative function such that
${\displaystyle g(1)=1,\qquad 0\leq g(p)<1\qquad p\in \mathbb {P} }$
and ${\displaystyle X}$ is an approximation of ${\displaystyle A_{1}(x)}$ and ${\displaystyle r_{d}(x)}$ is some remainder term. The sifting function becomes
${\displaystyle S({\mathcal {A}},{\mathcal {P}},z)=X\sum \limits _{d\mid P(z)}\mu (d)g(d)+\sum \limits _{d\mid P(z)}\mu (d)r_{d}(x)}$
or in short
${\displaystyle S({\mathcal {A}},{\mathcal {P}},z)=XG(x,z)+R(x,z).}$
One tries then to estimate the sifting function by finding upper and lower bounds for ${\displaystyle S}$ respectively ${\displaystyle G}$ and ${\displaystyle R}$.
The partial sum of the sifting function alternately over- and undercounts, so the remainder term will be huge. Brun's idea to improve this was to replace ${\displaystyle \mu (d)}$ in the sifting function with a weight sequence ${\displaystyle (\lambda _{d})}$ consisting of restricted Möbius functions. Choosing two appropriate sequences ${\displaystyle (\lambda _{d}^{-})}$ and ${\displaystyle (\lambda _{d}^{+})}$ and denoting the sifting functions with ${\displaystyle S^{-}}$ and ${\displaystyle S^{+}}$, one can get lower and upper bounds for the original sifting functions
${\displaystyle S^{-}\leq S\leq S^{+}.}$[3]
Since ${\displaystyle g}$ is multiplicative, one can also work with the identity
${\displaystyle \sum \limits _{d\mid n}\mu (d)g(d)=\prod \limits _{\begin{array}{c}p|n;\;p\in \mathbb {P} \end{array}}(1-g(p)),\quad \forall \;n\in \mathbb {N} .}$
Notation: a word of caution regarding the notation, in the literature one often identifies the set of sequences ${\displaystyle {\mathcal {A}}}$ with the set ${\displaystyle A}$ itself. This means one writes ${\displaystyle {\mathcal {A}}=\{s:s\leq x\}}$ to define a sequence ${\displaystyle {\mathcal {A}}=(a_{n})}$. Also in the literature the sum ${\displaystyle A_{d}(x)}$ is sometimes notated as the cardinality ${\displaystyle |A_{d}(x)|}$ of some set ${\displaystyle A_{d}(x)}$, while we have defined ${\displaystyle A_{d}(x)}$ to be already the cardinality of this set. We used ${\displaystyle \mathbb {P} }$ to denote the set of primes and ${\displaystyle (a,b)}$ for the greatest common divisor of ${\displaystyle a}$ and ${\displaystyle b}$.
## Types of sieving
Modern sieves include the Brun sieve, the Selberg sieve, the Turán sieve, the large sieve, the larger sieve and the Goldston-Pintz-Yıldırım sieve. One of the original purposes of sieve theory was to try to prove conjectures in number theory such as the twin prime conjecture. While the original broad aims of sieve theory still are largely unachieved, there have been some partial successes, especially in combination with other number theoretic tools. Highlights include:
1. Brun's theorem, which shows that the sum of the reciprocals of the twin primes converges (whereas the sum of the reciprocals of all primes diverges);
2. Chen's theorem, which shows that there are infinitely many primes p such that p + 2 is either a prime or a semiprime (the product of two primes); a closely related theorem of Chen Jingrun asserts that every sufficiently large even number is the sum of a prime and another number which is either a prime or a semiprime. These can be considered to be near-misses to the twin prime conjecture and the Goldbach conjecture respectively.
3. The fundamental lemma of sieve theory, which asserts that if one is sifting a set of N numbers, then one can accurately estimate the number of elements left in the sieve after ${\displaystyle N^{\varepsilon }}$ iterations provided that ${\displaystyle \varepsilon }$ is sufficiently small (fractions such as 1/10 are quite typical here). This lemma is usually too weak to sieve out primes (which generally require something like ${\displaystyle N^{1/2}}$ iterations), but can be enough to obtain results regarding almost primes.
4. The Friedlander–Iwaniec theorem, which asserts that there are infinitely many primes of the form ${\displaystyle a^{2}+b^{4}}$.
5. Zhang's theorem (Zhang 2014), which shows that there are infinitely many pairs of primes within a bounded distance. The Maynard–Tao theorem (Maynard 2015) generalizes Zhang's theorem to arbitrarily long sequences of primes.
## Techniques of sieve theory
The techniques of sieve theory can be quite powerful, but they seem to be limited by an obstacle known as the parity problem, which roughly speaking asserts that sieve theory methods have extreme difficulty distinguishing between numbers with an odd number of prime factors and numbers with an even number of prime factors. This parity problem is still not very well understood.
Compared with other methods in number theory, sieve theory is comparatively elementary, in the sense that it does not necessarily require sophisticated concepts from either algebraic number theory or analytic number theory. Nevertheless, the more advanced sieves can still get very intricate and delicate (especially when combined with other deep techniques in number theory), and entire textbooks have been devoted to this single subfield of number theory; a classic reference is (Halberstam & Richert 1974) and a more modern text is (Iwaniec & Friedlander 2010).
The sieve methods discussed in this article are not closely related to the integer factorization sieve methods such as the quadratic sieve and the general number field sieve. Those factorization methods use the idea of the sieve of Eratosthenes to determine efficiently which members of a list of numbers can be completely factored into small primes.
## Literature
• Cojocaru, Alina Carmen; Murty, M. Ram (2006), An introduction to sieve methods and their applications, London Mathematical Society Student Texts, vol. 66, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-84816-4, MR 2200366
• Motohashi, Yoichi (1983), Lectures on Sieve Methods and Prime Number Theory, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Lectures on Mathematics and Physics, vol. 72, Berlin: Springer-Verlag, ISBN 3-540-12281-8, MR 0735437
• Greaves, George (2001), Sieves in number theory, Ergebnisse der Mathematik und ihrer Grenzgebiete (3), vol. 43, Berlin: Springer-Verlag, doi:10.1007/978-3-662-04658-6, ISBN 3-540-41647-1, MR 1836967
• Harman, Glyn (2007). Prime-detecting sieves. London Mathematical Society Monographs. Vol. 33. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-12437-7. MR 2331072. Zbl 1220.11118.
• Halberstam, Heini; Richert, Hans-Egon (1974). Sieve Methods. London Mathematical Society Monographs. Vol. 4. London-New York: Academic Press. ISBN 0-12-318250-6. MR 0424730.
• Iwaniec, Henryk; Friedlander, John (2010), Opera de cribro, American Mathematical Society Colloquium Publications, vol. 57, Providence, RI: American Mathematical Society, ISBN 978-0-8218-4970-5, MR 2647984
• Hooley, Christopher (1976), Applications of sieve methods to the theory of numbers, Cambridge Tracts in Mathematics, vol. 70, Cambridge-New York-Melbourne: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-20915-3, MR 0404173
• Maynard, James (2015). "Small gaps between primes". Annals of Mathematics. 181 (1): 383–413. arXiv:1311.4600. doi:10.4007/annals.2015.181.1.7. MR 3272929.
• Tenenbaum, Gérald (1995), Introduction to Analytic and Probabilistic Number Theory, Cambridge studies in advanced mathematics, vol. 46, Translated from the second French edition (1995) by C. B. Thomas, Cambridge University Press, pp. 56–79, ISBN 0-521-41261-7, MR 1342300
• Zhang, Yitang (2014). "Bounded gaps between primes". Annals of Mathematics. 179 (3): 1121–1174. doi:10.4007/annals.2014.179.3.7. MR 3171761. | 3,511 | 12,713 | {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 74, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 4 | 4 | CC-MAIN-2024-38 | latest | en | 0.928104 |
http://mathclubtoronto.ca/problems/solutions/Problem_1.html | 1,623,882,451,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-25/segments/1623487626122.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20210616220531-20210617010531-00307.warc.gz | 31,195,651 | 1,490 | # Problem 1
A three-man jury has two members each of whom independently has probability p of making the correct decision and a third member who flips a coin for each decision (majority rules). A one-man jury has the probability p of making the correct decision. Which jury has the better probability of making the correct decision (the 3-member jury or the one-member jury)?
Solution.
Let A, B, C be the jurors and let A be the one who flips the coin. Different probabilities can be represented using the tree diagram below:
The probability that the three member jury takes a correct decision is the following sum:
(1)/(2)pp + (1)/(2)p(1 − p) + (1)/(2)(1 − p)p + (1)/(2)(1 − p)(1 − p) = p2 + p(1 − p) = p.
So, we conclude that both juries have the same probabil;ity p. | 219 | 769 | {"found_math": false, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 4.25 | 4 | CC-MAIN-2021-25 | longest | en | 0.940976 |
https://kr.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/cody/problems/96-knight-s-tour-checker/solutions/2637232 | 1,601,166,381,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-40/segments/1600400249545.55/warc/CC-MAIN-20200926231818-20200927021818-00060.warc.gz | 483,578,640 | 17,481 | Cody
Problem 96. Knight's Tour Checker
Solution 2637232
Submitted on 1 Jul 2020
This solution is locked. To view this solution, you need to provide a solution of the same size or smaller.
Test Suite
Test Status Code Input and Output
1 Fail
a = ... [ 7 2 5 4 0 8 1 6 3]; tf_correct = true; assert(isequal(knights_tour(a),tf_correct))
ic = 8 5 2 3 1 7 6 9 4 cnt = 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 lastv = 8 cp = 1 1 r = 3 c = 3 cp = 3 1 np = 1 2 cp = 1 2 cv = 2 found = logical 1 np = -1 3
Index in position 1 is invalid. Array indices must be positive integers or logical values. Error in knights_tour (line 26) if a(np(1), np(2)) == cv + 1 Error in Test1 (line 6) assert(isequal(knights_tour(a),tf_correct))
2 Fail
a = ... [ 1 0 0 0 0 2]; tf_correct = true; assert(isequal(knights_tour(a),tf_correct))
ic = 2 1 1 1 1 3 cnt = 4 1 1 lastv = 2 cp = 1 1 r = 2 c = 3 cp = 1 1 np = -1 2
Index in position 1 is invalid. Array indices must be positive integers or logical values. Error in knights_tour (line 26) if a(np(1), np(2)) == cv + 1 Error in Test2 (line 5) assert(isequal(knights_tour(a),tf_correct))
3 Fail
a = ... [ 15 5 12 3 0 2 9 6 8 11 4 13 1 14 7 10]; tf_correct = false; assert(isequal(knights_tour(a),tf_correct))
ic = 16 1 9 2 6 3 12 15 13 10 5 8 4 7 14 11 cnt = 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 lastv = 15 cp = 1 1 r = 4 c = 4 cp = 4 1 np = 2 2 cp = 2 2 cv = 2 found = logical 1 np = 0 3
Index in position 1 is invalid. Array indices must be positive integers or logical values. Error in knights_tour (line 26) if a(np(1), np(2)) == cv + 1 Error in Test3 (line 7) assert(isequal(knights_tour(a),tf_correct))
4 Fail
a = ... [ 0 5 12 3 15 2 9 6 8 11 4 13 1 14 7 10]; tf_correct = true; assert(isequal(knights_tour(a),tf_correct))
ic = 1 16 9 2 6 3 12 15 13 10 5 8 4 7 14 11 cnt = 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 lastv = 15 cp = 1 1 r = 4 c = 4 cp = 4 1 np = 2 2 cp = 2 2 cv = 2 found = logical 1 np = 0 3
Index in position 1 is invalid. Array indices must be positive integers or logical values. Error in knights_tour (line 26) if a(np(1), np(2)) == cv + 1 Error in Test4 (line 7) assert(isequal(knights_tour(a),tf_correct))
5 Fail
a = [22 29 4 31 16 35;3 32 23 34 5 14;28 21 30 15 36 17;9 2 33 24 13 6;20 27 8 11 18 25;1 10 19 26 7 12]; tf_correct = true; assert(isequal(knights_tour(a),tf_correct))
ic = 22 3 28 9 20 1 29 32 21 2 27 10 4 23 30 33 8 19 31 34 15 24 11 26 16 5 36 13 18 7 35 14 17 6 25 12 cnt = 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 lastv = 35 cp = 1 1 r = 6 c = 6 cp = 6 1 np = 4 2 cp = 4 2 cv = 2 found = logical 1 np = 2 3 np = 3 4 np = 5 4 np = 6 3 np = 6 1 np = 5 0
Index in position 2 is invalid. Array indices must be positive integers or logical values. Error in knights_tour (line 26) if a(np(1), np(2)) == cv + 1 Error in Test5 (line 3) assert(isequal(knights_tour(a),tf_correct))
6 Fail
a = [22 29 4 31 16 35;3 32 23 34 5 14;28 21 30 15 0 17;2 9 33 24 13 6;20 27 8 11 18 25;1 10 19 26 7 12]; tf_correct = false; assert(isequal(knights_tour(a),tf_correct))
ic = 23 4 29 3 21 2 30 33 22 10 28 11 5 24 31 34 9 20 32 35 16 25 12 27 17 6 1 14 19 8 36 15 18 7 26 13 cnt = 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 lastv = 35 cp = 1 1 r = 6 c = 6 cp = 6 1 np = 4 2 np = 5 3 np = 7 3
Index in position 1 exceeds array bounds (must not exceed 6). Error in knights_tour (line 26) if a(np(1), np(2)) == cv + 1 Error in Test6 (line 3) assert(isequal(knights_tour(a),tf_correct))
7 Fail
a = [1 0 0;0 0 0;2 0 0]; tf_correct = false; assert(isequal(knights_tour(a),tf_correct))
ic = 2 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 cnt = 7 1 1 lastv = 2 cp = 1 1 r = 3 c = 3 cp = 1 1 np = -1 2
Index in position 1 is invalid. Array indices must be positive integers or logical values. Error in knights_tour (line 26) if a(np(1), np(2)) == cv + 1 Error in Test7 (line 3) assert(isequal(knights_tour(a),tf_correct)) | 1,838 | 3,889 | {"found_math": false, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 3.375 | 3 | CC-MAIN-2020-40 | latest | en | 0.53142 |
https://au.mathworks.com/help/hydro/ref/poppetvalvetl.html | 1,718,984,449,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-26/segments/1718198862125.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20240621125006-20240621155006-00756.warc.gz | 97,710,014 | 22,326 | # Poppet Valve (TL)
Poppet flow control valve in a thermal liquid network
Libraries:
Simscape / Fluids / Thermal Liquid / Valves & Orifices / Flow Control Valves
## Description
The Poppet Valve (TL) block represents the flow control within a thermal liquid network. You can specify the seat geometry as either sharp-edged or conical. Set the poppet displacement with the physical signal at port S.
### Mass Balance
The mass conservation equation in the valve is
`${\stackrel{˙}{m}}_{A}+{\stackrel{˙}{m}}_{B}=0,$`
where:
• ${\stackrel{˙}{m}}_{A}$ is the mass flow rate into the valve through port A.
• ${\stackrel{˙}{m}}_{B}$ is the mass flow rate into the valve through port B.
### Momentum Balance
The pressure differential over the valve is:
`${p}_{A}-{p}_{B}=\frac{\stackrel{˙}{m}\sqrt{{\stackrel{˙}{m}}^{2}+{\stackrel{˙}{m}}_{cr}^{2}}}{2{\rho }_{Avg}{C}_{d}^{2}{S}^{2}}\left[1-{\left(\frac{{S}_{R}}{S}\right)}^{2}\right]P{R}_{Loss},$`
where:
• pA is the pressure at port A.
• pB is the pressure at port B.
• $\stackrel{˙}{m}$ is the mass flow rate.
• ρAvg is the average liquid density.
• Cd is the value of the Discharge coefficient parameter.
• ${\stackrel{˙}{m}}_{cr}$ is the critical mass flow rate:
`${\stackrel{˙}{m}}_{cr}={\mathrm{Re}}_{cr}{\mu }_{Avg}\sqrt{\frac{\pi }{4}{S}_{R}}.$`
where:
• Recr is the value of the Critical Reynolds number parameter.
• μAvg is the average fluid dynamic viscosity.
• S is the value of the Cross-sectional area at port A and B parameter.
• PRLoss is the pressure ratio:
`$P{R}_{Loss}=\frac{\sqrt{1-{\left({S}_{R}/S\right)}^{2}\left(1-{C}_{d}^{2}\right)}-{C}_{d}\left({S}_{R}/S\right)}{\sqrt{1-{\left({S}_{R}/S\right)}^{2}\left(1-{C}_{d}^{2}\right)}+{C}_{d}\left({S}_{R}/S\right)}.$`
### Energy Balance
The energy conservation equation in the valve is
`${\varphi }_{A}+{\varphi }_{B}=0,$`
where:
• ϕA is the energy flow rate into the valve through port A.
• ϕB is the energy flow rate into the valve through port B.
### Opening Area With a Sharp-Edged Seat
When you set to `Sharp-edged`, the block calculates the valve opening area using
`$A=\pi {r}_{o}\left(1-{\left(\frac{{r}_{p}}{{d}_{OB}}\right)}^{2}\right){d}_{OB}\left(h\right)+{A}_{leak},$`
where:
• ro is the valve orifice radius.
• rp is the valve poppet radius.
• dOB(h) is the distance between the center of the poppet and the edge of the orifice. This distance is a function of the valve lift,h.
• Aleak is the leakage area.
The maximum displacement, hmax, is
`${h}_{\mathrm{max}}=\sqrt{\frac{2{r}_{p}^{2}-{r}_{o}^{2}+{r}_{o}\sqrt{{r}_{o}^{2}+4{r}_{p}^{2}}}{2}}-\sqrt{{r}_{p}^{2}-{r}_{o}^{2}}.$`
The figure shows a schematic of a hard-edged seat.
### Opening Area With a Conical Seat
When you set to `Conical`, the block calculates the valve opening area using a geometric relationship, such that
`$A=\pi {r}_{p}\mathrm{sin}\left(\theta \right)h+\frac{\pi }{2}\mathrm{sin}\left(\frac{\theta }{2}\right)\mathrm{sin}\left(\theta \right){h}^{2}+{A}_{leak}.$`
The maximum displacement, hmax, is:
`${h}_{\mathrm{max}}=\frac{\sqrt{{r}_{p}^{2}+\frac{{r}_{o}^{2}}{\mathrm{cos}\left(\frac{\theta }{2}\right)}}-{r}_{p}}{\mathrm{sin}\left(\frac{\theta }{2}\right)},$`
where θ is the Cone angle. The figure shows a schematic of a conical seat.
### Numerically Smoothed Displacement
The block calculates the poppet displacement, h, such that
`$h=\left\{\begin{array}{ll}0,\hfill & \left(S-{S}_{\mathrm{min}}\right)\le 0\hfill \\ {h}_{Max},\hfill & \left(S-{S}_{\mathrm{min}}\right)\ge {h}_{Max}\hfill \\ \left(S-{S}_{\mathrm{min}}\right),\hfill & \text{Else}\hfill \end{array}$`
where:
• S is the physical signal input.
• Smin is the Poppet position when in the seat parameter.
• hMax is the maximum displacement.
If the parameter is nonzero, the block smoothly saturates the poppet displacement between `0` and hMax.
## Ports
### Conserving
expand all
Thermal liquid conserving port associated with valve inlet A.
Thermal liquid conserving port associated with valve inlet B.
### Input
expand all
Physical signal port associated with the displacement of the poppet, in m.
## Parameters
expand all
Geometry of the valve seat. The block uses this parameter to calculate the open area between the poppet and seat.
Angle of the seat opening.
#### Dependencies
To enable this parameter, set Valve seat specification to `Conical`.
Diameter of the poppet.
Seat orifice diameter.
Poppet offset when valve is shut. A positive, nonzero value indicates a partially open valve. A negative, nonzero value indicates an overlapped valve that remains shut for an initial displacement set by the physical signal at port .
Sum of all gaps when the valve is in the fully shut position. The block saturates smaller numbers to this value. This parameter contributes to numerical stability by maintaining continuity in the flow.
Continuous smoothing factor that introduces a layer of gradual change to the flow response when the valve is in the near-open or near-shut positions. Set this value to a nonzero number less than one to increase the stability of your simulation in these regimes.
Area at ports A and B, which are used in the pressure-flow rate equation that determines the mass flow rate through the valve.
Correction factor that accounts for discharge losses in theoretical flows.
Upper Reynolds number limit for laminar flow through the orifice.
## Version History
Introduced in R2016a | 1,579 | 5,453 | {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 14, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 3.3125 | 3 | CC-MAIN-2024-26 | latest | en | 0.717339 |
https://questions.examside.com/past-years/medical/question/a-potentiometer-is-an-accurate-and-versatile-device-to-make-neet-physics-current-electricity-cgddgpaovqqmkcdq | 1,718,255,526,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-26/segments/1718198861342.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20240613025523-20240613055523-00172.warc.gz | 446,778,580 | 42,227 | 1
NEET 2017
+4
-1
A potentiometer is an accurate and versatile device to make electrical measurements of EMF because the method involves
A
B
a condition of no current flow through the galvanometer
C
a combination of cells, galvanometer and resistances
D
cells
2
NEET 2016 Phase 2
+4
-1
The potential difference (VA $$-$$ VB) between the points A and B in the given figure is
A
$$-$$ 3V
B
+3 V
C
+6 V
D
+9 V
3
NEET 2016 Phase 2
+4
-1
A filament bulb (500 W, 100 V) is to be used in a 230 V main supply. When a resistance R is connected in series, it works perfectly and the bulb consumes 500 W. The value of R is
A
230 $$\Omega$$
B
46 $$\Omega$$
C
26 $$\Omega$$
D
13 $$\Omega$$
4
NEET 2016 Phase 1
+4
-1
A potentiometer wire is 100 cm long and a constant potential difference is maintained across it. Two cells are connected in series first to support one another and then in opposite direction. The balance points are obtained at 50 cm and 10 cm from the positive end of the wire in the two cases. The ratio of emf's is
A
3 : 4
B
3 : 2
C
5 : 1
D
5 : 4
EXAM MAP
Medical
NEET | 358 | 1,074 | {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 1, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 2.6875 | 3 | CC-MAIN-2024-26 | latest | en | 0.877941 |
http://www.nag.com/numeric/CL/nagdoc_cl24/examples/source/c06gsce.c | 1,432,363,697,000,000,000 | text/plain | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-22/segments/1432207927245.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20150521113207-00202-ip-10-180-206-219.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 590,317,558 | 1,436 | /* nag_multiple_hermitian_to_complex (c06gsc) Example Program. * * Copyright 1990 Numerical Algorithms Group. * * Mark 1, 1990. * Mark 8 revised, 2004. */ #include #include #include #include int main(void) { Integer exit_status = 0, i, j, m, n; NagError fail; double *u = 0, *v = 0, *x = 0; INIT_FAIL(fail); printf("nag_multiple_hermitian_to_complex (c06gsc) Example Program" " Results\n"); /* Skip heading in data file */ scanf("%*[^\n]"); while (scanf("%ld%ld", &m, &n) != EOF) { if (m >= 1 && n >= 1) { if (!(u = NAG_ALLOC(m*n, double)) || !(v = NAG_ALLOC(m*n, double)) || !(x = NAG_ALLOC(m*n, double))) { printf("Allocation failure\n"); exit_status = -1; goto END; } } else { printf("Invalid m or n.\n"); exit_status = 1; goto END; } printf("\n\nm = %2ld n = %2ld\n", m, n); /* Read in data and print out. */ for (j = 0; j < m; ++j) for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) scanf("%lf", &x[j*n + i]); printf("\nOriginal data values\n\n"); for (j = 0; j < m; ++j) { printf(" "); for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) printf("%10.4f%s", x[j*n + i], (i%6 == 5 && i != n-1?"\n ":"")); printf("\n"); } /* Convert Hermitian form to full complex */ /* nag_multiple_hermitian_to_complex (c06gsc). * Convert Hermitian sequences to general complex sequences */ nag_multiple_hermitian_to_complex(m, n, x, u, v, &fail); if (fail.code != NE_NOERROR) { printf("Error from nag_multiple_hermitian_to_complex (c06gsc)." "\n%s\n", fail.message); exit_status = 1; goto END; } printf("\nOriginal data written in full complex form\n\n"); for (j = 0; j < m; ++j) { printf("Real"); for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) printf("%10.4f%s", u[j*n + i], (i%6 == 5 && i != n-1?"\n ":"")); printf("\nImag"); for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) printf("%10.4f%s", v[j*n + i], (i%6 == 5 && i != n-1?"\n ":"")); printf("\n\n"); } END: NAG_FREE(u); NAG_FREE(v); NAG_FREE(x); } return exit_status; } | 659 | 1,813 | {"found_math": false, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 2.84375 | 3 | CC-MAIN-2015-22 | longest | en | 0.361143 |
http://www.traditionaloven.com/tutorials/distance/convert-china-fen-unit-to-fermi-fm.html | 1,529,659,979,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-26/segments/1529267864387.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20180622084714-20180622104714-00010.warc.gz | 492,045,085 | 11,701 | Convert 市分 to fm | Chinese fēn to fermi
length conversion
Amount: 1 Chinese fēn (市分) of length Equals: 3,333,333,333,333.33 fermi (fm) in length
Converting Chinese fēn to fermi value in the length units scale.
TOGGLE : from fermi into Chinese fēn in the other way around.
length from Chinese fēn to fermi Conversion Results:
Enter a New Chinese fēn Amount of length to Convert From
* Whole numbers, decimals or fractions (ie: 6, 5.33, 17 3/8)
* Precision is how many numbers after decimal point (1 - 9)
Enter Amount :
Decimal Precision :
CONVERT : between other length measuring units - complete list.
Conversion calculator for webmasters.
Length, Distance, Height & Depth units
Distance in the metric sense from any two A to Z points (interchangeable with Z and A), also applies to physical lengths, depths, heights or simply farness. Tool with multiple distance, depth and length measurement units.
Convert length measuring units between Chinese fēn (市分) and fermi (fm) but in the other reverse direction from fermi into Chinese fēn.
conversion result for length: From Symbol Equals Result To Symbol 1 Chinese fēn 市分 = 3,333,333,333,333.33 fermi fm
Converter type: length units
This online length from 市分 into fm converter is a handy tool not just for certified or experienced professionals.
First unit: Chinese fēn (市分) is used for measuring length.
Second: fermi (fm) is unit of length.
3,333,333,333,333.33 fm is converted to 1 of what?
The fermi unit number 3,333,333,333,333.33 fm converts to 1 市分, one Chinese fēn. It is the EQUAL length value of 1 Chinese fēn but in the fermi length unit alternative.
How to convert 2 Chinese fēn (市分) into fermi (fm)? Is there a calculation formula?
First divide the two units variables. Then multiply the result by 2 - for example:
3.33333333333E+12 * 2 (or divide it by / 0.5)
QUESTION:
1 市分 = ? fm
1 市分 = 3,333,333,333,333.33 fm
Other applications for this length calculator ...
With the above mentioned two-units calculating service it provides, this length converter proved to be useful also as a teaching tool:
1. in practicing Chinese fēn and fermi ( 市分 vs. fm ) values exchange.
2. for conversion factors training exercises between unit pairs.
3. work with length's values and properties.
International unit symbols for these two length measurements are:
Abbreviation or prefix ( abbr. short brevis ), unit symbol, for Chinese fēn is:
Abbreviation or prefix ( abbr. ) brevis - short unit symbol for fermi is:
fm
One Chinese fēn of length converted to fermi equals to 3,333,333,333,333.33 fm
How many fermi of length are in 1 Chinese fēn? The answer is: The change of 1 市分 ( Chinese fēn ) unit of length measure equals = to 3,333,333,333,333.33 fm ( fermi ) as the equivalent measure for the same length type.
In principle with any measuring task, switched on professional people always ensure, and their success depends on, they get the most precise conversion results everywhere and every-time. Not only whenever possible, it's always so. Often having only a good idea ( or more ideas ) might not be perfect nor good enough solution. If there is an exact known measure in 市分 - Chinese fēn for length amount, the rule is that the Chinese fēn number gets converted into fm - fermi or any other length unit absolutely exactly.
Conversion for how many fermi ( fm ) of length are contained in a Chinese fēn ( 1 市分 ). Or, how much in fermi of length is in 1 Chinese fēn? To link to this length Chinese fēn to fermi online converter simply cut and paste the following.
The link to this tool will appear as: length from Chinese fēn (市分) to fermi (fm) conversion.
I've done my best to build this site for you- Please send feedback to let me know how you enjoyed visiting. | 971 | 3,755 | {"found_math": false, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 2.921875 | 3 | CC-MAIN-2018-26 | latest | en | 0.783107 |
http://docs.sympy.org/0.7.2-py3k/_modules/sympy/physics/hydrogen.html | 1,531,854,149,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-30/segments/1531676589892.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20180717183929-20180717203929-00638.warc.gz | 104,140,360 | 4,238 | # Source code for sympy.physics.hydrogen
from sympy import factorial, sqrt, exp, S, assoc_laguerre, Float
[docs]def R_nl(n, l, r, Z=1):
"""
Returns the Hydrogen radial wavefunction R_{nl}.
n, l
quantum numbers 'n' and 'l'
r
Z
atomic number (1 for Hydrogen, 2 for Helium, ...)
Everything is in Hartree atomic units.
Examples
========
>>> from sympy.physics.hydrogen import R_nl
>>> from sympy import var
>>> var("r Z")
(r, Z)
>>> R_nl(1, 0, r, Z)
2*sqrt(Z**3)*exp(-Z*r)
>>> R_nl(2, 0, r, Z)
sqrt(2)*(-Z*r + 2)*sqrt(Z**3)*exp(-Z*r/2)/4
>>> R_nl(2, 1, r, Z)
sqrt(6)*Z*r*sqrt(Z**3)*exp(-Z*r/2)/12
For Hydrogen atom, you can just use the default value of Z=1:
>>> R_nl(1, 0, r)
2*exp(-r)
>>> R_nl(2, 0, r)
sqrt(2)*(-r + 2)*exp(-r/2)/4
>>> R_nl(3, 0, r)
2*sqrt(3)*(2*r**2/9 - 2*r + 3)*exp(-r/3)/27
For Silver atom, you would use Z=47:
>>> R_nl(1, 0, r, Z=47)
94*sqrt(47)*exp(-47*r)
>>> R_nl(2, 0, r, Z=47)
47*sqrt(94)*(-47*r + 2)*exp(-47*r/2)/4
>>> R_nl(3, 0, r, Z=47)
94*sqrt(141)*(4418*r**2/9 - 94*r + 3)*exp(-47*r/3)/27
The normalization of the radial wavefunction is:
>>> from sympy import integrate, oo
>>> integrate(R_nl(1, 0, r)**2 * r**2, (r, 0, oo))
1
>>> integrate(R_nl(2, 0, r)**2 * r**2, (r, 0, oo))
1
>>> integrate(R_nl(2, 1, r)**2 * r**2, (r, 0, oo))
1
It holds for any atomic number:
>>> integrate(R_nl(1, 0, r, Z=2)**2 * r**2, (r, 0, oo))
1
>>> integrate(R_nl(2, 0, r, Z=3)**2 * r**2, (r, 0, oo))
1
>>> integrate(R_nl(2, 1, r, Z=4)**2 * r**2, (r, 0, oo))
1
"""
# sympify arguments
n, l, r, Z = S(n), S(l), S(r), S(Z)
n_r = n - l - 1
# rescaled "r"
a = 1/Z # Bohr radius
r0 = 2 * r / (n * a)
# normalization coefficient
C = sqrt((S(2)/(n*a))**3 * factorial(n_r) / (2*n*factorial(n+l)))
# This is an equivalent normalization coefficient, that can be found in
# some books. Both coefficients seem to be the same fast:
# C = S(2)/n**2 * sqrt(1/a**3 * factorial(n_r) / (factorial(n+l)))
return C * r0**l * assoc_laguerre(n_r, 2*l+1, r0).expand() * exp(-r0/2)
[docs]def E_nl(n, Z=1):
"""
Returns the energy of the state (n, l) in Hartree atomic units.
The energy doesn't depend on "l".
Examples
========
>>> from sympy import var
>>> from sympy.physics.hydrogen import E_nl
>>> var("n Z")
(n, Z)
>>> E_nl(n, Z)
-Z**2/(2*n**2)
>>> E_nl(1)
-1/2
>>> E_nl(2)
-1/8
>>> E_nl(3)
-1/18
>>> E_nl(3, 47)
-2209/18
"""
n, Z = S(n), S(Z)
if n.is_integer and (n < 1):
raise ValueError("'n' must be positive integer")
return -Z**2/(2*n**2)
[docs]def E_nl_dirac(n, l, spin_up=True, Z=1, c=Float("137.035999037")):
"""
Returns the relativistic energy of the state (n, l, spin) in Hartree atomic
units.
The energy is calculated from the Dirac equation. The rest mass energy is
*not* included.
n, l
quantum numbers 'n' and 'l'
spin_up
True if the electron spin is up (default), otherwise down
Z
atomic number (1 for Hydrogen, 2 for Helium, ...)
c
speed of light in atomic units. Default value is 137.035999037,
taken from: http://arxiv.org/abs/1012.3627
Examples
========
>>> from sympy.physics.hydrogen import E_nl_dirac
>>> E_nl_dirac(1, 0)
-0.500006656595360
>>> E_nl_dirac(2, 0)
-0.125002080189006
>>> E_nl_dirac(2, 1)
-0.125000416028342
>>> E_nl_dirac(2, 1, False)
-0.125002080189006
>>> E_nl_dirac(3, 0)
-0.0555562951740285
>>> E_nl_dirac(3, 1)
-0.0555558020932949
>>> E_nl_dirac(3, 1, False)
-0.0555562951740285
>>> E_nl_dirac(3, 2)
-0.0555556377366884
>>> E_nl_dirac(3, 2, False)
-0.0555558020932949
"""
if not (l >= 0):
raise ValueError("'l' must be positive or zero")
if not (n > l):
raise ValueError("'n' must be greater than 'l'")
if (l==0 and spin_up is False):
raise ValueError("Spin must be up for l==0.")
# skappa is sign*kappa, where sign contains the correct sign
if spin_up:
skappa = -l - 1
else:
skappa = -l
c = S(c)
beta = sqrt(skappa**2 - Z**2/c**2)
return c**2/sqrt(1+Z**2/(n + skappa + beta)**2/c**2) - c**2 | 1,542 | 3,846 | {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 1, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 3.15625 | 3 | CC-MAIN-2018-30 | latest | en | 0.390928 |
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# 4-7 Multiplying by One-Digit and Two-Digit Numbers
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• ### 4-7 Multiplying by One-Digit and Two-Digit Numbers
1. 1. 4-7 Multiplying by One- Digit and Two-Digit Numbers Math Notes Number Sense 1.0
2. 2. Find 28 x 12
3. 3. Find 28 x 12 28x 12
4. 4. Find 28 x 12 28 Break 12 into two addends.x 12
5. 5. Find 28 x 12 28 Break 12 into two addends.x 12 10 2
6. 6. Find 28 x 12 28 Break 12 into two addends. Multiply both by 28x 12 10 2
7. 7. Find 28 x 12 28 Break 12 into two addends. Multiply both by 28x 12 28 28 x 10 x 2
8. 8. Find 28 x 12 28 Break 12 into two addends. Multiply both by 28x 12 28 28 x 10 x 2 280
9. 9. Find 28 x 12 28 Break 12 into two addends. Multiply both by 28x 12 28 28 1 x 10 x 2 280 6
10. 10. Find 28 x 12 28 Break 12 into two addends. Multiply both by 28x 12 28 28 1 x 10 x 2 280 56
11. 11. Find 28 x 12 28 Break 12 into two addends. Multiply both by 28x 12 28 28 1 x 10 x 2 280 56 Add280 + 56
12. 12. Find 28 x 12 28 Break 12 into two addends. Multiply both by 28x 12 28 28 1 x 10 x 2 280 56 Add280 + 56 280 + 56 =
13. 13. Find 28 x 12 28 Break 12 into two addends. Multiply both by 28x 12 28 28 1 x 10 x 2 280 56 Add280 + 56 280 + 56 = 336
14. 14. OR Find 28 x 12 28 Break 12 into two addends. Multiply both by 28x 12 28 28 1 x 10 x 2 280 56 Add280 + 56 280 + 56 = 336
15. 15. Find 28 x 12 28 x 12
16. 16. Find 28 x 12 28 STEP ZERO:Use guidelinesto keep work x 12 neat.
17. 17. Find 28 x 12 28 STEP ZERO:Use guidelinesto keep work x 12 neat.
18. 18. Find 28 x 12 28 STEP ZERO: STEP ONE:Use guidelines Multiply byto keep work the ones. Regroup x 12 neat. if necessary.
19. 19. Find 28 x 12 28 STEP ZERO: STEP ONE:Use guidelines Multiply byto keep work the ones. Regroup x 12 neat. if necessary.
20. 20. Find 28 x 12 1 28 STEP ZERO: STEP ONE:Use guidelines Multiply byto keep work the ones. Regroup x 12 neat. if necessary. 6
21. 21. Find 28 x 12 1 28 STEP ZERO: STEP ONE:Use guidelines Multiply byto keep work the ones. Regroup x 12 neat. if necessary. 6
22. 22. Find 28 x 12 1 28 STEP ZERO: STEP ONE:Use guidelines Multiply byto keep work the ones. Regroup x 12 neat. if necessary. 56
23. 23. Find 28 x 12 1 28 STEP ZERO: STEP ONE:Use guidelines Multiply byto keep work the ones. Regroup x 12 neat. if necessary. STEP TWO: Place a zero in the 56 ones place. (PLACEHOLDER) Scratch out previous work.
24. 24. Find 28 x 12 1 28 STEP ZERO: STEP ONE:Use guidelines Multiply byto keep work the ones. Regroup x 12 neat. if necessary. STEP TWO: Place a zero in the 56 ones place. (PLACEHOLDER) Scratch out 0 previous work.
25. 25. Find 28 x 12 1 28 STEP ZERO: STEP ONE:Use guidelines Multiply byto keep work the ones. Regroup x 12 neat. if necessary. STEP TWO: STEP THREE: Place a zero in the 56Multiply by the ones place.tens. Regroup (PLACEHOLDER) if necessary. Scratch out 0 previous work.
26. 26. Find 28 x 12 1 28 STEP ZERO: STEP ONE:Use guidelines Multiply byto keep work the ones. Regroup x 12 neat. if necessary. STEP TWO: STEP THREE: Place a zero in the 56Multiply by the ones place.tens. Regroup (PLACEHOLDER) if necessary. Scratch out 0 previous work.
27. 27. Find 28 x 12 1 28 STEP ZERO: STEP ONE:Use guidelines Multiply byto keep work the ones. Regroup x 12 neat. if necessary. STEP TWO: STEP THREE: Place a zero in the 56Multiply by the ones place.tens. Regroup (PLACEHOLDER) if necessary. Scratch out 80 previous work.
28. 28. Find 28 x 12 1 28 STEP ZERO: STEP ONE:Use guidelines Multiply byto keep work the ones. Regroup x 12 neat. if necessary. STEP TWO: STEP THREE: Place a zero in the 56Multiply by the ones place.tens. Regroup (PLACEHOLDER) if necessary. Scratch out 80 previous work.
29. 29. Find 28 x 12 1 28 STEP ZERO: STEP ONE:Use guidelines Multiply byto keep work the ones. Regroup x 12 neat. if necessary. STEP TWO: STEP THREE: Place a zero in the 56Multiply by the ones place.tens. Regroup (PLACEHOLDER) if necessary. Scratch out 28 0 previous work.
30. 30. Find 28 x 12 1 28 STEP ZERO: STEP ONE:Use guidelines Multiply byto keep work the ones. Regroup x 12 neat. if necessary. STEP TWO: STEP THREE: Place a zero in the 56Multiply by the ones place.tens. Regroup (PLACEHOLDER) if necessary. Scratch out +28 0 previous work.
31. 31. Find 28 x 12 1 28 STEP ZERO: STEP ONE: Use guidelines Multiply by to keep work the ones. Regroup x 12 neat. if necessary. STEP TWO: STEP THREE: Place a zero in the 56 Multiply by the ones place. tens. Regroup (PLACEHOLDER) if necessary. Scratch out +28 0 previous work. STEP FOUR: Add the products.Regroup if necessary.
32. 32. Find 28 x 12 1 28 STEP ZERO: STEP ONE: Use guidelines Multiply by to keep work the ones. Regroup x 12 neat. if necessary. STEP TWO: STEP THREE: Place a zero in the 1 56 Multiply by the ones place. tens. Regroup (PLACEHOLDER) if necessary. Scratch out +28 0 previous work. 33 6 STEP FOUR: Add the products.Regroup if necessary.
33. 33. Find 354 x 23 354 x 23
34. 34. Find 354 x 23 354 STEP ZERO:Use guidelinesto keep work x 23 neat.
35. 35. Find 354 x 23 354 STEP ZERO:Use guidelinesto keep work x 23 neat.
36. 36. Find 354 x 23 354 STEP ZERO: STEP ONE:Use guidelines Multiply byto keep work the ones. Regroup x 23 neat. if necessary.
37. 37. Find 354 x 23 354 STEP ZERO: STEP ONE:Use guidelines Multiply byto keep work the ones. Regroup x 23 neat. if necessary.
38. 38. Find 354 x 23 1 354 STEP ZERO: STEP ONE:Use guidelines Multiply byto keep work the ones. Regroup x 23 neat. if necessary. 2
39. 39. Find 354 x 23 1 354 STEP ZERO: STEP ONE:Use guidelines Multiply byto keep work the ones. Regroup x 23 neat. if necessary. 2
40. 40. Find 354 x 23 1 1 354 STEP ZERO: STEP ONE:Use guidelines Multiply byto keep work the ones. Regroup x 23 neat. if necessary. 62
41. 41. Find 354 x 23 1 1 354 STEP ZERO: STEP ONE:Use guidelines Multiply byto keep work the ones. Regroup x 23 neat. if necessary. 62
42. 42. Find 354 x 23 1 1 354 STEP ZERO: STEP ONE:Use guidelines Multiply byto keep work the ones. Regroup x 23 neat. if necessary. 1062
43. 43. Find 354 x 23 1 1 354 STEP ZERO: STEP ONE:Use guidelines Multiply byto keep work the ones. Regroup x 23 neat. if necessary. STEP TWO: Place a zero in the 1062 ones place. (PLACEHOLDER) Scratch out previous work.
44. 44. Find 354 x 23 354 STEP ZERO: STEP ONE:Use guidelines Multiply byto keep work the ones. Regroup x 23 neat. if necessary. STEP TWO: Place a zero in the 1062 ones place. (PLACEHOLDER) Scratch out 0 previous work.
45. 45. Find 354 x 23 354 STEP ZERO: STEP ONE: Use guidelines Multiply by to keep work the ones. Regroup x 23 neat. if necessary. STEP TWO: STEP THREE: Place a zero in the 1062Multiply by the ones place.tens. Regroup (PLACEHOLDER) if necessary. Scratch out 0 previous work.
46. 46. Find 354 x 23 354 STEP ZERO: STEP ONE: Use guidelines Multiply by to keep work the ones. Regroup x 23 neat. if necessary. STEP TWO: STEP THREE: Place a zero in the 1062Multiply by the ones place.tens. Regroup (PLACEHOLDER) if necessary. Scratch out 0 previous work.
47. 47. Find 354 x 23 354 STEP ZERO: STEP ONE: Use guidelines Multiply by to keep work the ones. Regroup x 23 neat. if necessary. STEP TWO: STEP THREE: Place a zero in the 1062Multiply by the ones place.tens. Regroup (PLACEHOLDER) if necessary. Scratch out 80 previous work.
48. 48. Find 354 x 23 354 STEP ZERO: STEP ONE: Use guidelines Multiply by to keep work the ones. Regroup x 23 neat. if necessary. STEP TWO: STEP THREE: Place a zero in the 1062Multiply by the ones place.tens. Regroup (PLACEHOLDER) if necessary. Scratch out 80 previous work.
49. 49. Find 354 x 23 1 354 STEP ZERO: STEP ONE: Use guidelines Multiply by to keep work the ones. Regroup x 23 neat. if necessary. STEP TWO: STEP THREE: Place a zero in the 1062Multiply by the ones place.tens. Regroup (PLACEHOLDER) if necessary. Scratch out 08 0 previous work.
50. 50. Find 354 x 23 1 354 STEP ZERO: STEP ONE: Use guidelines Multiply by to keep work the ones. Regroup x 23 neat. if necessary. STEP TWO: STEP THREE: Place a zero in the 1062Multiply by the ones place.tens. Regroup (PLACEHOLDER) if necessary. Scratch out 08 0 previous work.
51. 51. Find 354 x 23 1 354 STEP ZERO: STEP ONE: Use guidelines Multiply by to keep work the ones. Regroup x 23 neat. if necessary. STEP TWO: STEP THREE: Place a zero in the 1062Multiply by the ones place.tens. Regroup (PLACEHOLDER) if necessary. Scratch out 708 0 previous work.
52. 52. Find 354 x 23 1 354 STEP ZERO: STEP ONE: Use guidelines Multiply by to keep work the ones. Regroup x 23 neat. if necessary. STEP TWO: STEP THREE: Place a zero in the 1062Multiply by the ones place.tens. Regroup (PLACEHOLDER) if necessary. Scratch out + 708 0 previous work.
53. 53. Find 354 x 23 1 354 STEP ZERO: STEP ONE: Use guidelines Multiply by to keep work the ones. Regroup x 23 neat. if necessary. STEP TWO: STEP THREE: Place a zero in the 1062 Multiply by the ones place. tens. Regroup (PLACEHOLDER) if necessary. Scratch out + 708 0 previous work. STEP FOUR: Add the products.Regroup if necessary.
54. 54. Find 354 x 23 1 354 STEP ZERO: STEP ONE: Use guidelines Multiply by to keep work the ones. Regroup x 23 neat. if necessary. 1 STEP TWO: STEP THREE: Place a zero in the 1062 Multiply by the ones place. tens. Regroup (PLACEHOLDER) if necessary. Scratch out + 708 0 previous work. 8 1 42 STEP FOUR: Add the products.Regroup if necessary.
55. 55. Find 874 x 59 874 x 59
56. 56. Find 874 x 59 874 STEP ZERO:Use guidelinesto keep work x 59 neat.
57. 57. Find 874 x 59 874 STEP ZERO:Use guidelinesto keep work x 59 neat.
58. 58. Find 874 x 59 874 STEP ZERO: STEP ONE:Use guidelines Multiply byto keep work the ones. Regroup x 59 neat. if necessary.
59. 59. Find 874 x 59 874 STEP ZERO: STEP ONE:Use guidelines Multiply byto keep work the ones. Regroup x 59 neat. if necessary.
60. 60. Find 874 x 59 3 874 STEP ZERO: STEP ONE:Use guidelines Multiply byto keep work the ones. Regroup x 59 neat. if necessary. 6
61. 61. Find 874 x 59 3 874 STEP ZERO: STEP ONE:Use guidelines Multiply byto keep work the ones. Regroup x 59 neat. if necessary. 6
62. 62. Find 874 x 59 63 874 STEP ZERO: STEP ONE:Use guidelines Multiply byto keep work the ones. Regroup x 59 neat. if necessary. 66
63. 63. Find 874 x 59 63 874 STEP ZERO: STEP ONE:Use guidelines Multiply byto keep work the ones. Regroup x 59 neat. if necessary. 66
64. 64. Find 874 x 59 63 874 STEP ZERO: STEP ONE:Use guidelines Multiply byto keep work the ones. Regroup x 59 neat. if necessary. 78 66
65. 65. Find 874 x 59 63 874 STEP ZERO: STEP ONE:Use guidelines Multiply byto keep work the ones. Regroup x 59 neat. if necessary. STEP TWO: Place a zero in the 78 66 ones place. (PLACEHOLDER) Scratch out previous work.
66. 66. Find 874 x 59 874 STEP ZERO: STEP ONE:Use guidelines Multiply byto keep work the ones. Regroup x 59 neat. if necessary. STEP TWO: Place a zero in the 78 66 ones place. (PLACEHOLDER) Scratch out 0 previous work.
67. 67. Find 874 x 59 874 STEP ZERO: STEP ONE: Use guidelines Multiply by to keep work the ones. Regroup x 59 neat. if necessary. STEP TWO: STEP THREE: Place a zero in the 78 66Multiply by the ones place.tens. Regroup (PLACEHOLDER) if necessary. Scratch out 0 previous work.
68. 68. Find 874 x 59 874 STEP ZERO: STEP ONE: Use guidelines Multiply by to keep work the ones. Regroup x 59 neat. if necessary. STEP TWO: STEP THREE: Place a zero in the 78 66Multiply by the ones place.tens. Regroup (PLACEHOLDER) if necessary. Scratch out 0 previous work.
69. 69. Find 874 x 59 2 874 STEP ZERO: STEP ONE: Use guidelines Multiply by to keep work the ones. Regroup x 59 neat. if necessary. STEP TWO: STEP THREE: Place a zero in the 78 66Multiply by the ones place.tens. Regroup (PLACEHOLDER) if necessary. Scratch out 00 previous work.
70. 70. Find 874 x 59 2 874 STEP ZERO: STEP ONE: Use guidelines Multiply by to keep work the ones. Regroup x 59 neat. if necessary. STEP TWO: STEP THREE: Place a zero in the 78 66Multiply by the ones place.tens. Regroup (PLACEHOLDER) if necessary. Scratch out 00 previous work.
71. 71. Find 874 x 59 32 874 STEP ZERO: STEP ONE: Use guidelines Multiply by to keep work the ones. Regroup x 59 neat. if necessary. STEP TWO: STEP THREE: Place a zero in the 78 66Multiply by the ones place.tens. Regroup (PLACEHOLDER) if necessary. Scratch out 70 0 previous work.
72. 72. Find 874 x 59 32 874 STEP ZERO: STEP ONE: Use guidelines Multiply by to keep work the ones. Regroup x 59 neat. if necessary. STEP TWO: STEP THREE: Place a zero in the 78 66Multiply by the ones place.tens. Regroup (PLACEHOLDER) if necessary. Scratch out 70 0 previous work.
73. 73. Find 874 x 59 32 874 STEP ZERO: STEP ONE: Use guidelines Multiply by to keep work the ones. Regroup x 59 neat. if necessary. STEP TWO: STEP THREE: Place a zero in the 78 66Multiply by the ones place.tens. Regroup (PLACEHOLDER) if necessary. Scratch out 4370 0 previous work.
74. 74. Find 874 x 59 32 874 STEP ZERO: STEP ONE: Use guidelines Multiply by to keep work the ones. Regroup x 59 neat. if necessary. STEP TWO: STEP THREE: Place a zero in the 78 66Multiply by the ones place.tens. Regroup (PLACEHOLDER) if necessary. Scratch out + 43 70 0 previous work.
75. 75. Find 874 x 59 32 874 STEP ZERO: STEP ONE: Use guidelines Multiply by to keep work the ones. Regroup x 59 neat. if necessary. STEP TWO: STEP THREE: Place a zero in the 78 66 Multiply by the ones place. tens. Regroup (PLACEHOLDER) if necessary. Scratch out + 43 70 0 previous work. STEP FOUR: Add the products.Regroup if necessary.
76. 76. Find 874 x 59 32 874 STEP ZERO: STEP ONE: Use guidelines Multiply by to keep work the ones. Regroup 1 x 59 neat. if necessary. STEP TWO: STEP THREE: Place a zero in the 1 78 66 Multiply by the ones place. tens. Regroup (PLACEHOLDER) if necessary. Scratch out + 43 70 0 previous work. 5 1 566 STEP FOUR: Add the products.Regroup if necessary. | 4,961 | 14,712 | {"found_math": false, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 3.015625 | 3 | CC-MAIN-2016-22 | latest | en | 0.723282 |
http://www.chegg.com/homework-help/university-physics-with-modern-physics-0th-edition-chapter-14-solutions-9780071221771 | 1,432,772,968,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-22/segments/1432207929176.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20150521113209-00027-ip-10-180-206-219.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 366,748,104 | 16,221 | Chegg Textbook Solutions for University Physics with Modern Physics 0th Edition: Chapter 14
Chapter: Problem:
Question:
Two children are on adjacent playground swings of the same height. They are given pushes by an adult and then left to swing. Assuming that each child on a swing can be treated as a simple pendulum and that friction is negligible, which child takes the longer time for one complete swing (has a longer period)?
a) the bigger child
b) the lighter child
c) neither child
d) the child given the biggest push
• Step 1 of 1
c | 129 | 548 | {"found_math": false, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 2.65625 | 3 | CC-MAIN-2015-22 | latest | en | 0.906086 |
https://www3.math.tu-berlin.de/geometrie/Lehre/WS13/DGII/ | 1,643,215,388,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-05/segments/1642320304959.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20220126162115-20220126192115-00110.warc.gz | 1,133,452,316 | 4,666 | Fakultät II
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## Differential Geometry II: Manifolds (Winter 2013–2014)
Lecture Tutorial Prof. Dr. John Sullivan Mo 8:30-10:00 MA 313 Mo 10:15-11:45 MA 313 Isabella Thiesen Tu 16:00-17:30 MA 212 Wed 12:30-14:00 MA 650
This course is a BMS basic course and the lectures will be in English.
Please feel free to ask any questions in English or German (during the course, via email, or at office hours).
### News
10.4. Exams will be offered on 29 April. See Prof. Sullivan's webpage for details.
11.2. Exams will be offered on 14 February, 13 March and 10 April. See Prof. Sullivan's webpage for details.
10.2. Complete lecture notes now online.
4.2. The 12th exercise sheet is online
27.1. The 11th exercise sheet is online
20.1. The 10th exercise sheet is online. There will be 2 more, with the 12th one being optional.
13.1. The 9th exercise sheet is online
6.1. The 8th exercise sheet is online
13.12. Homework 7, ex 2: The metric g on M seems to be missing a factor 4.
There will be NO TUTORIALS NEXT WEEK (December 17/18th).
10.12. Homework 7 corrected (Def. of f in ex.2 was wrong)
9.12. The 7th exercise sheet is online
8.12. Of course the formula in problem 3(a) on homework 6 should be the same as in the lecture notes: [fX,gY]= fg[X,Y]+ f(Xg)Y - g(Yf)X
5.12. The next lecture (9.12.) will be in room MA 313 (as usual).
28.11. The sixth exercise sheet is online
18.11. The fifth exercise sheet is online
15.11. In ex. 2 on ex. sheet 3 the dimension of M is m=n.
11.11. The fourth exercise sheet is online
06.11. Homework 3 corrected (ex.2, 3)
05.11. The third exercise sheet is online
30.10. Small notational change in exercise 2.
28.10. The second exercise sheet is online.
21.10. The tuesday tutorial will be from 16:00-17:30 in MA 212. The first exercise sheet is online.
09.09. The tutorials start in the second week (October 22nd).
### Contents
Differentiable manifolds, Vector bundles, Differential forms, Riemannian geometry.
The course Differential Geometry I (Curves and Surfaces) is not strictly a prerequisite for this course. It gives useful geometric insight on the lower dimensional cases but is logically independent – the courses can be taken in either order.
### Lecture Notes
Please email Prof. Sullivan with any suggestions for corrections or improvements to these lecture notes.
### Literature
• Kühnel, Differential Geometry / Differentialgeometrie, AMS / Vieweg
• Boothby, An Introduction to Differentiable Manifolds and Riemannian Geometry, 2nd Ed, Academic Press
• Bröcker and Jänich, Intro to Differential Topology / Einführung in die Differentialtopologie, CUP / Springer
• Warner, Foundations of Differentiable Manifolds and Lie Groups, GTM 94, Springer
• Morgan, Riemannian Geometry: A
• Beginner's Guide, 2nd Ed, A K Peters
• Bishop and Goldberg, Tensor Analysis on Manifolds, Dover
• Milnor, Topology from the Differentiable Viewpoint, U P Virginia
• Spivak, Calculus on Manifolds, Benjamin/Cummings
• Sharpe, Differential Geometry, GTM 166, Springer
### Homework policy
To get a certificate for the tutorial, you need to satisfactorily complete 60% of the homework assignments. Homeworks are to be prepared in groups of two students and are due at the beginning of the Monday lectures.
Name Office hours
Room email
Lecturer Prof. Dr. John Sullivan Tue 11:30–12:30
MA 802
sullivan@math.tu-berlin.de
Assistant Isabella Thiesen
Wed 15–17
MA 866 thiesen@math.tu-berlin.de
Secretary Annett Gillmeister Mon, Tue, Thu, Fri 9:30–11:30 MA 803 gillm@math.tu-berlin.de
Isabella Thiesen . 10.04.2014.
index | 1,080 | 3,786 | {"found_math": false, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 3.125 | 3 | CC-MAIN-2022-05 | latest | en | 0.807402 |
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## Re: Weighted Moving Average
From: James Sherman Jr. Subject: Re: Weighted Moving Average Date: Fri, 10 Aug 2007 09:01:47 -0400
Its not an octave thing, but a signal processing thing. An FIR (finite input response) filter is determined by the vector of the coefficients, so if the filter has length 4, the output would be something like:
y(t) = b(1)*x(t) + b(2)*x(t-1) + b(3)*x(t-2) + b(4)*x(t-3)
So when b = ones(1,4)/4;, it is just the average of the last four elements.
In octave, you can use the function "filter" to do exactly that, if x is your signal, you can simply do
y = filter(b, 1, x);
James
P.S. This is almost the same as Søren's suggestion to use convolution (using the conv function). The only difference (I believe) is that filter will give the same output as conv, but truncated to the length of x.
On 8/10/07, Luca Delucchi <address@hidden> wrote:
2007/8/10, Schirmacher, Rolf <address@hidden>:
> Filter with an FIR filter? Coefficients would be
>
> b = [1 1 1 1] ./ 4
>
What is this? Sorry but I'm a newbie of octave
> HTH,
>
> Rolf
>
Luca
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: Luca Delucchi [mailto: address@hidden]
> > Sent: Friday, August 10, 2007 9:20 AM
> > To: octave
> > Subject: Weighted Moving Average
> >
> >
> > Hi, I can do a function on Weighted Moving Average where the value are
> > take in automatic mode? this my idea
> >
> > #y=[y1,y2,y3,y4,y5]
> > function wma(y)
> > (y1+2*y2+y3)/4
> > (y2+2*y3+y4)/4
> > etc
> > etc
> > end function
> >
> > I could not repeat the formula (y1+2*y2+y3)/4 (because if the long of
> > vector is different i must change the function) but have only one
> > formula that use the formula for all values of vector
> >
> > I hope I've given a clear explanation
> >
> > Luca
> > _______________________________________________
> > Help-octave mailing list
> > address@hidden
> > https://www.cae.wisc.edu/mailman/listinfo/help-octave
> >
>
_______________________________________________
Help-octave mailing list
address@hidden
https://www.cae.wisc.edu/mailman/listinfo/help-octave
reply via email to
[Prev in Thread] Current Thread [Next in Thread] | 691 | 2,249 | {"found_math": false, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 3.3125 | 3 | CC-MAIN-2018-43 | latest | en | 0.743358 |
https://fr.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/cody/problems/42641-matlab-basic-rounding/solutions/2060521 | 1,596,596,061,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-34/segments/1596439735906.77/warc/CC-MAIN-20200805010001-20200805040001-00035.warc.gz | 299,387,059 | 15,716 | Cody
# Problem 42641. MATLAB Basic: rounding
Solution 2060521
Submitted on 17 Dec 2019 by Giammarco Valente
This solution is locked. To view this solution, you need to provide a solution of the same size or smaller.
### Test Suite
Test Status Code Input and Output
1 Pass
x = -8.8; y_correct = -8; assert(isequal(round_zero(x),y_correct))
2 Pass
x = 8.8; y_correct = 8; assert(isequal(round_zero(x),y_correct))
3 Pass
x = 0.8; y_correct = 0; assert(isequal(round_zero(x),y_correct))
4 Pass
x = 0.4; y_correct = 0; assert(isequal(round_zero(x),y_correct))
5 Pass
x = 0; y_correct = 0; assert(isequal(round_zero(x),y_correct))
6 Pass
x = eps; y_correct = 0; assert(isequal(round_zero(x),y_correct))
7 Pass
x = pi; y_correct = 3; assert(isequal(round_zero(x),y_correct)) | 259 | 792 | {"found_math": false, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 2.59375 | 3 | CC-MAIN-2020-34 | latest | en | 0.541444 |
http://mathoverflow.net/feeds/question/56280 | 1,369,524,883,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368706470784/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516121430-00075-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 169,130,064 | 1,390 | Injectivity of an integral operator over a bounded (hypercubic) domain - MathOverflow most recent 30 from http://mathoverflow.net 2013-05-25T23:34:32Z http://mathoverflow.net/feeds/question/56280 http://www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.5/rdf http://mathoverflow.net/questions/56280/injectivity-of-an-integral-operator-over-a-bounded-hypercubic-domain Injectivity of an integral operator over a bounded (hypercubic) domain Ian Novak 2011-02-22T13:22:06Z 2011-02-22T13:22:06Z <p>Let $s\in (0,2]$ and $\Omega$ be a hypercube in $\mathbb{R}^d$, i.e., tensor product of finite intervals. Consider the integral operator <code>$$T[f](x) = \int_\Omega |x-y|^s f(y) \mathrm{d} y$$</code> for $x\in\Omega$. Is the operator injective, i.e., $T[f] = 0$ in $\Omega$ implies $f=0$ a.e. in $\Omega$?</p> <p>Moreover, if $T[f] = g$, is there a way to describe the smoothness properties of $f$ based on the known smoothness properties of $g$? (in dependence of the value of $s$)</p> <p>Any reference to related books/papers would be highly appreciated. Many thanks, Ian.</p> | 338 | 1,065 | {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 1, "mathjax_display_tex": 1, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 2.859375 | 3 | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | latest | en | 0.680506 |
https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/using-diagonalization-to-find-a-k.653042/ | 1,508,261,754,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-43/segments/1508187822145.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20171017163022-20171017183022-00689.warc.gz | 958,040,909 | 15,359 | # Using diagonalization to find A^k
1. Nov 17, 2012
### 1up20x6
1. The problem statement, all variables and given/known data
$$A = \begin{pmatrix} 1 & 4\\ 2 & -1 \end{pmatrix}$$
Find $A^n$ and $A^{-n}$ where n is a positive integer.
2. Relevant equations
3. The attempt at a solution
$$(xI - A) = \begin{pmatrix} x-1 & -4\\ -2 & x+1 \end{pmatrix}$$
$$det(xI - A) = (x-3)(x+3)$$
$$λ_1 = 3\quad λ_2 = -3$$
$$\begin{pmatrix} 2 & -4\\ -2 & 4\end{pmatrix} \begin{pmatrix} a\\ b \end{pmatrix} = \begin{pmatrix} 0\\ 0 \end{pmatrix}\quad \begin{pmatrix} a\\ b \end{pmatrix} = \begin{pmatrix} 2\\ 1 \end{pmatrix}$$
$$\begin{pmatrix} -4 & -4\\ -2 & -2\end{pmatrix} \begin{pmatrix} c\\ d \end{pmatrix} = \begin{pmatrix} 0\\ 0 \end{pmatrix}\quad \begin{pmatrix} c\\ d \end{pmatrix} = \begin{pmatrix} -1\\ 1 \end{pmatrix}$$
$$P = \begin{pmatrix} λ_1 & λ_2 \end{pmatrix} = \begin{pmatrix} 2 & -1\\ 1 & 1 \end{pmatrix}$$
$$P^{-1} = \begin{pmatrix} \frac{1}{3} & \frac{1}{3}\\ \frac{-1}{3} & \frac{2}{3} \end{pmatrix}$$
$$D = \begin{pmatrix} λ_1 & 0\\ 0 & λ_2 \end{pmatrix} = \begin{pmatrix} 3 & 0\\ 0 & -3 \end{pmatrix}$$
$$PD^nP^{-1} = A^n = \begin{pmatrix} 2 & -1\\ 1 & 1 \end{pmatrix} \begin{pmatrix} 3^n & 0\\ 0 & -3^n \end{pmatrix} \begin{pmatrix} \frac{1}{3} & \frac{1}{3}\\ \frac{-1}{3} & \frac{2}{3} \end{pmatrix}$$
$$= \begin{pmatrix} 2(3^n) & -(-3)^n\\ 3^n & (-3)^n \end{pmatrix} \begin{pmatrix} \frac{1}{3} & \frac{1}{3}\\ \frac{-1}{3} & \frac{2}{3} \end{pmatrix}$$
$$= \begin{pmatrix} \frac{2}{3}(3^n) + \frac{1}{3}((-3)^n) & \frac{2}{3}(3^n) - \frac{2}{3}((-3)^n)\\ \frac{1}{3}(3^n) - \frac{1}{3}((-3)^n) & \frac{1}{3}(3^n) + \frac{2}{3}((-3)^n) \end{pmatrix}$$
I think that everything I've done so far is correctly, but I can't find any way to simplify this equation any further, and I don't think that I could find $A^{-n}$ with an equation this complicated, so I must be missing something.
2. Nov 17, 2012
### lurflurf
There are different ways of writing that out, you might not have pick the most simple. Another way is something like
A^n=(3^n)(1/2)((1+(-1)^n)I+(1/3)(1-(-1)^n)A)
which you can see is lot like yours, note all that (-1)^n stuff is just to unify the even and odd terms
even A^n=(3^n)I
odd A^n=(3^n)(1/3)A
I=A^0 the 2x2 identity matrix
3. Nov 18, 2012
### HallsofIvy
Staff Emeritus
Frankly, the first thing I would have done would be to note that
$$A^2= \begin{pmatrix}1 & 4 \\ 2 & -1\end{pmatrix}^2= \begin{pmatrix}9 & 0 \\ 0 & 9\end{pmatrix}= 9\begin{pmatrix}1 & 0 \\ 0 & 1\end{pmatrix}$$
From that it follows immediately that if n is even, $A^n= 3^nI$ and if n is odd, $A^n= 3^{n-1}A$
4. Nov 18, 2012
### 1up20x6
Thanks for your responses. Are those equations self-evident or is there a proof that they apply for all values of $n$? | 1,189 | 2,775 | {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 1, "mathjax_display_tex": 1, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 4.46875 | 4 | CC-MAIN-2017-43 | longest | en | 0.386128 |
https://socratic.org/questions/the-sum-of-two-numbers-is-41-one-number-is-less-than-twice-the-other-how-do-you- | 1,601,271,583,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-40/segments/1600401585213.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20200928041630-20200928071630-00001.warc.gz | 613,984,051 | 6,392 | # The sum of two numbers is 41. One number is less than twice the other. How do you find the larger of the two numbers?
Jun 28, 2015
The conditions are not restrictive enough. Even assuming positive integers the larger number can be any number in the range $21$ to $40$.
#### Explanation:
Let the numbers be $m$ and $n$
Assume $m , n$ are positive integers and that $m < n$.
$m + n = 41 = 20.5 + 20.5$
So one of $m$ and $n$ is less than $20.5$ and the other is greater.
So if $m < n$, we must have $n \ge 21$
Also $m \ge 1$, so $n = 41 - m \le 40$
Putting these together, we get $21 \le n \le 40$
The other condition that one number is less than twice the other is always satisfied, since $m < 2 n$ | 219 | 709 | {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 16, "mathjax_inline_tex": 1, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 4.4375 | 4 | CC-MAIN-2020-40 | latest | en | 0.903706 |
https://jutge.org/problems/P63584_en | 1,717,039,552,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-22/segments/1715971059418.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20240530021529-20240530051529-00711.warc.gz | 286,654,179 | 5,741 | # K-th element P63584
Statement
thehtml
Using the definitions
typedef vector<int> VI; typedef vector<VI> VVI;
implement a function
int k_esim(int k, const VVI& V);
to return the k-th global element (starting at one) of the elements in the vector of vectors V. Let n = V.size(). For every 0 ≤ i < n, V[i] is sorted increasingly. Furthermore, there are no repeated elements in V.
For exemple, if k = 5, n = 3, and the three vectors are
|| V[0]
1 2 10 15
V[1]
-5 -3 12
V[2]
0 3 4 6 20
||
then the answer is 2, which is the fifth smallest element inside all the vectors.
Let m = ∑0n−1 V[i].size(). Assume that k is between 1 and m, that n is between 2 and 500, and that some V[i] can be empty. If needed, you can implement auxiliar procedures. Take into account that, for the “large” test cases, k = Θ(n) and m = Θ(n2). The expected solution in this cas has cost Θ(n logn).
Observation You only need to submit the required procedure; your main program will be ignored.
Information
Author
Enric Rodríguez
Language
English
Translator | 308 | 1,049 | {"found_math": false, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 2.515625 | 3 | CC-MAIN-2024-22 | latest | en | 0.849193 |
https://stats.stackexchange.com/questions/358367/calculating-multivariate-integrals-between-lower-and-upper-bounds | 1,568,734,072,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-39/segments/1568514573080.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20190917141045-20190917163045-00234.warc.gz | 681,811,756 | 34,214 | # Calculating multivariate integrals between lower and upper bounds
Suppose $$\vec{X}=(x_1,x_2,...,x_n)$$ follows some continuous multivariate distribution, such that $$x_i\in{\rm I\!R}, i=1,...,n$$.
• $$\phi(\vec{x})$$, which gives me the pdf at point $$\vec{x}=(x_1,x_2,...,x_n)$$
• $$\Phi^{upper}(\vec{x})$$, which calculates the CDF from $$-\infty$$ to $$\vec{x}$$. More specifically: $$\Phi^{upper}(\vec{x})=\int_{\vec{k}=(-\infty,...,-\infty)}^{(x_1,...,x_n)}\phi(\vec{k})d\vec{k}$$
My main question is: how can I use $$\Phi^{upper}(\vec{x})$$ to calculate the CDF between lower and upper bounds?
In other words, how can I calculate integral of $$\phi$$ from $$\vec{x}_{lower}$$ to $$\vec{x}_{upper}$$ using $$\Phi^{upper}$$?
In mathematical terms, how can I use $$\Phi^{upper}$$ to calculate the following integral?
$$\Phi^{upper}_{lower}(\vec{x}_{lower},\vec{x}_{upper})=\int_{\vec{k}=(x_1^{lower},...,x_n^{lower})}^{(x_1^{upper},...,x_n^{upper})}\phi(\vec{k})d\vec{k}$$
I know that if there are only 2 dimensions in $$\vec{X}$$, I can calculate $$\Phi^{upper}_{lower}(\vec{x}_{lower},\vec{x}_{upper})$$ like this:
$$\Phi^{upper}_{lower}(\vec{x}_{lower},\vec{x}_{upper}) = \Phi^{upper}(x_1^{upper},x_2^{upper}) - \Phi^{upper}(x_1^{upper},x_2^{lower}) - \Phi^{upper}(x_1^{lower},x_2^{upper}) + \Phi^{upper}(x_1^{lower},x_2^{lower})$$
However, I don't know how to generalize this result for an N-dimensional case.
Does anyone have any insight on how to do this?
Thank you very much!
• Not exactly, no. Consider the 2 dimensional example I gave. If you just do $\Phi^{upper}(\vec{x}_{upper}) - \Phi^{upper}(\vec{x}_{lower})$, you're leaving in a few areas that shouldn't be considered. Here is an image to illustrate my point. – Felipe D. Jul 22 '18 at 3:35
• Assuming you're talking about a rectangular area, you probably want to apply the inclusion-exclusion rule here. – Ben Jul 22 '18 at 3:38
• I can see how this touches on what I'm getting at, but I'm having a bit of a hard time understanding how I would apply this concept from set theory to this particular problem. Could you maybe elaborate a little bit further on how to do so? Thanks! – Felipe D. Jul 22 '18 at 3:45
This problem involves the application of a probability measure over a union of non-disjoint sets, and so it can be solved by application of the inclusion-exclusion rule.
To facilitate this analysis, we will let $\mathcal{A}(x) \equiv (-\infty, x]$ denote the real numbers up to $x$ so that $\mathcal{A}(x_1) -\mathcal{A}(x_0) = (x_0,x_1]$ is a bounded interval. (If you are dealing with a continuous random variable you do not have to worry about whether the ends of the intervals are open or closed.) We will also simplify the problem by using a slight abuse of notation, treating each $\mathcal{A}(x_i)$ as a subset of $\mathbb{R}^n$ with an upper bound in dimension $i$ and free in the other dimensions. This means that for an input vector $\mathbf{x} = (x_1,...,x_n)$ you have CDF values of the form:
$$\Phi(\mathbf{x}) = \mathbb{P} (\mathbf{X} \leqslant \mathbf{x}) = \mathbb{P} \Bigg( \bigcap_{k=1}^n \mathcal{A}(x_k) \Bigg).$$
You want to calculate the probability of a rectangular area, which can be written as an intersection of bounded intervals as $\mathcal{R}_n = \bigcap_{k=1}^n (\mathcal{A}(\bar{x}_{k}) -\mathcal{A}(\underline{x}_{k}))$, where you have lower and upper bounds $\underline{\mathbf{x}} < \bar{\mathbf{x}}$. You want to be able to write the probability of this rectangular event using your CDF $\Phi$. To apply the inclusion-exclusion rule we will let $\mathfrak{N}_k$ denote the class of all subsets of $\{ 1,...,n \}$ with exactly $k$ elements. Using this rule, and some other set algebra, we have:
\begin{aligned} \mathbb{P}(\mathcal{R}_n) &= \mathbb{P} \Bigg( \bigcap_{k=1}^n (\mathcal{A}(\bar{x}_{k}) -\mathcal{A}(\underline{x}_{k})) \Bigg) \\[6pt] &= \mathbb{P} \Bigg( \bigcap_{k=1}^n \mathcal{A}(\bar{x}_{k}) \Bigg) - \mathbb{P} \Bigg( \bigcap_{k=1}^n \mathcal{A}(\bar{x}_{k}) \cap \bigcup_{k=1}^n \mathcal{A}(\underline{x}_{k}) \Bigg) \\[6pt] &= \mathbb{P} \Bigg( \bigcap_{k=1}^n \mathcal{A}(\bar{x}_{k}) \Bigg) - \sum_{k=1}^n \Bigg[ (-1)^{k-1} \sum_{\mathcal{D} \in \mathfrak{N}_k} \mathbb{P} \Bigg( \bigcap_{i \notin \mathcal{D}} \mathcal{A}(\bar{x}_{i}) \cap \bigcap_{i \in \mathcal{D}} \mathcal{A}(\underline{x}_i) \Bigg) \Bigg] \\[6pt] &= \Phi (\bar{\mathbf{x}}) - \sum_{k=1}^n (-1)^{k-1} \sum_{\mathcal{D} \in \mathfrak{N}_k} \Phi(\mathbf{x_\mathcal{D}}), \\[6pt] \end{aligned}
where the data vector $\mathbf{x}_\mathcal{D}$ uses the lower bounds $\underline{x}_i$ for all $i \in \mathcal{D}$ and the upper bounds $\bar{x}_i$ for all $i \notin \mathcal{D}$. This gives you a general mathematical form for calculating the probability of a rectangle directly using a multivariate CDF.
Special cases: Application of the general rule yields and expression with $2^n$ terms. For small $n$ we can write this out explicitly without using summation notation and it is not too long. For $n=2$ we get the special case:
$$\mathbb{P}(\mathcal{R_2}) = \Phi(\bar{x}_1, \bar{x}_2) - \Phi(\underline{x}_1, \bar{x}_2) - \Phi(\bar{x}_1, \underline{x}_2) + \Phi(\underline{x}_1, \underline{x}_2).$$
For $n=3$ we get the special case:
\begin{aligned} \mathbb{P}(\mathcal{R_3}) &= \Phi (\bar{x}_1, \bar{x}_2, \bar{x}_3) - \Phi(\underline{x}_1, \bar{x}_2, \bar{x}_3) - \Phi(\bar{x}_1, \underline{x}_2, \bar{x}_3) - \Phi(\bar{x}_1, \bar{x}_2, \underline{x}_3) \\[4pt] &\quad + \Phi(\underline{x}_1, \underline{x}_2, \bar{x}_3) + \Phi(\underline{x}_1, \bar{x}_2, \underline{x}_3) + \Phi(\bar{x}_1, \underline{x}_2, \underline{x}_3) - \Phi(\underline{x}_1, \underline{x}_2, \underline{x}_3). \end{aligned}
For larger $n$ the number of terms increases exponentially and so it becomes cumbersome to write the expression out without using the summation notation in the general form.
• Thanks for the clear example. The last special case really helped me see what was going on in those nested summations. Just got a python code up and running and spitting out the correct results. Thanks again! – Felipe D. Jul 22 '18 at 20:38
• That's great that you got the code working. The easiest way to code something like this is to sum over all the $2^n$ binary values of length $n$, using the binary values as representations of whether you are using an upper or lower bound for an argument in the CDF. – Ben Jul 22 '18 at 22:17
As suggested by @Ben, this problem boils down to an application of the inclusion-exclusion principle. For notational simplicity, let's replace $x_i^{lower}$ with $0$, and $x_i^{upper}$ with $1$, so that for example the vector $\vec{x}=(x_1^{lower},x_2^{upper},x_3^{upper},x_4^{lower})$ becomes $\vec{x}=(0,1,1,0)$.
Then the general formula for $\Phi^{upper}_{lower}(\vec{x}_{lower},\vec{x}_{upper})$ with $n$-dimensional $\vec{x}$ is:
$$\Phi^{upper}_{lower}\big((0,\dots,0),\ (1,\dots,1)\big) \ = \ \Phi^{upper}(1,\dots,1) \ - \sum_{x_1+\cdots+x_n=n-1} \Phi^{upper}(x_1,\dots,x_n) \ + \cdots \\+ \ (-1)^{n-1} \cdot \sum_{x_1+\cdots+x_n=1} \Phi^{upper}(x_1,\dots,x_n) \ + \ (-1)^n \cdot\Phi^{upper}(0,\dots,0)$$
• Thanks for clearing things up! But I'm still a bit confused. First of all, if we only have two dimensions, $\vec{x}=(x_1,x_2)$. So I believe you meant to say that $\vec{x}_{lower}=(0,0)$ and $\vec{x}_{upper}=(1,1)$. Or more generally, for an n-dimensional case, $\vec{x}_{lower}=(0,...,0)$ and $\vec{x}_{upper}=(1,...,1)$. But besides that, I'm still getting confused with the limits of the summations. What do you mean when you use $x_1+...+x_n=n-1$ as the limits/bounds of your summation? Is it summing all possible combinations where $x_1+...+x_n=n-1$ is true? – Felipe D. Jul 22 '18 at 9:23
• Furthermore, what are the terms $x_1, ..., x_n$ in your example? Are they ones or zeros? This seems a bit ambiguous. Thanks again for the help! – Felipe D. Jul 22 '18 at 9:27
• @FelipeD. My reference to $\vec{x}=(x_1^{lower},x_2^{upper},x_3^{upper},x_4^{lower})$, which I assume is what your confusion is about in your first comment, was just meant to show an example of the notation that I'm using, where it just so happens that $n=4$. You're correct that using this notation $\vec{x}_{lower}=(0,\dots,0)$ and $\vec{x}_{upper}=(1,\dots,1)$. You are also correct in your understanding of the summation notation, that it's referring to all combinations of $x_i$ such that the equality holds. This is a commonly-used notational convention. – jon_simon Jul 22 '18 at 18:33
• Regarding your second comment, yes, all of the $x_i$ are either $0$ (denoting $x_i^{lower}$) or $1$ (denoting $x_i^{upper}$) – jon_simon Jul 22 '18 at 18:36 | 2,904 | 8,683 | {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 1, "mathjax_display_tex": 1, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 18, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 2, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 3.78125 | 4 | CC-MAIN-2019-39 | latest | en | 0.776444 |
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# Note for MATH 3321 at UH
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62 Systems of Linear Differential Equations Introduction Up to this point the entries in a vector or matrix have been real numbers In this section and in the following sections we will be dealing with vectors and matrices whose entries are functions A vector whose components are functions is called a vectorvalued function or vector functionl Similarly a matrix whose entries are functions is called a matrix function The operations of vector and matrix addition multiplication by a number and matrix multipli cation for vector and matrix functions are exactly as de ned in Chapter 5 so there is nothing new in terms of arithmetic However there are operations on functions other than arithmetic operations elgl limits differentiation and integration that we have to de ne for vector and matrix functions These operation from calculus are de ned in a natural way Let Vt f1 t f2 t l l l fn be a vector function whose components are de ned on an interval It Limit Let c E It If lim fit 1 exists for i 12 l l in then 170 mm 7 grim mm mom a1 a2 an Limits of vector functions are calculated componentwiser Derivative lf f1 f2 Hi fn are differentiable on I then V is differentiable on I and V UN f2 t7 film That is V is the vector function whose components are the derivatives of the compo nents of V Integral Since differentiation of vector functions is done componentwise integration must also be componentwiser That is vtdtltf1tdtf2tdt fntdtgtl Limits differentiation and integration of matrix functions are done in exactly the same way 7 componentwise Systems of Linear differential Equations Consider the thirdorder linear differential equation y WM WW WM 7 f0 where p q 7 f are continuous functions on some interval It Solving the equation for y we get u 7Tty 7 409 7 WM W 237 Introduce new dependent variables 11 12 13 as follows 11 y 12 1 1 y rs 1 2 y Then 9 13 Tt11 4t12 PWIS f and the thirdorder equation can be written equivalently as the system of three rstorder equations I1 I2 12 I3 13 7Ttzl 7 qtzg 7 ptzg Note This system is just a very special case of the general system of three7 rstorder differential equations 11 a11tzl a12tzg a13tzgt b1t 12 a21tzl a22tzg a23tzgt 122t 13 a31t11 a32t12 a33tIst 113t Example 1 a Consider the thirdorder nonhomgeneous equation y 7 y 7 8y 12y 26 Solving the equation for y we have ym 712y 8y y 2amp3 Let 11 y 1 1 12 y 7 1 2 zg y Then m y 1g 71211812132 t and the equation converts to the equivalent system 11 12 2 13 13 71211812zg26t b Consider the secondorder homogeneous equation t2yH 7 ty 7 3y 0 Solving this equation for y we get 3 l H y gyn To convert this equation to an equivalent system7 we let 11 y 11 12 y Then we have 1 I2 3 z 711 712 2 t2 t 238 Which is just a special case of the general system of two rstorder differential equations 11 a11tzl a12tzg b1t 12 a21tzl a22tzg 122 t General Theory Let a11t7 a12t7 m a1nt7 a21t7 m annt7 121t7 122t7 m bnt be continuous functions on some interval If The system of n rstorder differential equations 11 a110311 a12tI2 a1nt1nt 5175 12 a210311 a22tI2 a2nt1nt 5275 S N mm m4mm m is called a rstorder linear di ereritial systeml The system S is homogeneous if b1t E b2t E E bnt E 0 on If S is nonhomogeneous if the functions bit are not all identically zero on I that is7 if there is at least one point a E I and at least one function bit such that 12 a f 0 Let At be the n gtltn matrix a11t a12t a1nt Ag a21t a22t a2nt an1t an t am t and let x and b be the vectors 11 b1 12 122 x 7 b M M Then S can be Written in the vectormatrix form A xh S The matrix At is called the matrix of coe cients or the coe cient matrix Example 2 The vectormatrix form of the system in Example 1 a is a nonhomogeneous systeml The vectormatrix form of the system in Example 1b is 7 0 1 11 0 7 0 1 11 X7 321 2 0 321 2 a homogeneous systeml A solution of the linear differential system S is a differentiable vector function 11 12 Ina that satis es S on the interval 11 3 Example 3 Verify that V lt 372 gt is a solution of the homogeneous system 7 0 1 11 X7 32 1 12 of Example 1 SOLUTION VL 3 7 32 l 0 1 3 7 32 7 6 7 321 32 7 32 7 6 V is a solution 62 1 e 2 Example 4 Verify that V 262 e is a solution of the nonhomogeneous system 462 l e 2 0 1 0 0 X 0 0 1 X 0 712 8 1 26 of Example 1 a 240 SOL UTION rt NlD NlD NlH m m m rt rt Nlb Nlb NlH m m m rt rt rt m 0 ct H s rt OO O O to m 0 ct mmm rt rt to m rt g m 0 ct Nlb Nlb NlH rt O mmm s O NlD NlD NlH 4 2t 26 H0 00 OH o leNlHNlH r l mama M mm mm e 00 H moo OOOH HHO 00 m m a l a N m a ct rt mmm H g m 0 ct Nlb Nlb NlH e V is a solution THEOREM 1 Existence and Uniqueness Theorem Let a be any point on the interval 1 and let a1 12 H i an be any n real numbers Then the initialvalue problem a1 a2 x Atxbt xa an has a unique solution Exercises 62 Convert the differential equation into a system of rstorder equations 1 y 7 tyl3y sin 2t 2 yHy2e 2ti 3 y7yyet 4 my 6y ky cos At m7 5 k A are constants ln Exercises 5 8 a matrix A and a vector b are given Write the system of equations corresponding to X AtX b 241 Alttgt7lt gt7blttgt7ltgjjgt gtblt ltt gt 2 3 71 e At 2 0 1 bt7 2w 1 2 3 0 e2 t2 37 t71 0 At 72 t72 t bt 0 2t 3 t 1 101 111 121 13 1 g 15 11 7211 12 sin t 12 1173127200st Ill girl 7 62t12 12 e tzl 7 36 2t 11 211123133 12 1173127200st 13 2117I24zgt 2 11 tzlz27tzs3 12 7362 213 7 2672i 13 211 7212 413 1 Verify that u gt is a solution of the system in Example 1 gt t 7 te2t 2t 2t 2t 462 4te2t the system in Example 1 a rt 1 2 3t rt 1 Verify that u is a solution of the system in Example 1 e Se Nlb Nlb NlH m m m rt a 1 Verify that W is a solution of the homogeneous system associated With 242 isint icost72sint x i 2 1 x 0 7 73 2 2sint 16 Verify that V lt gt is a solution of the system 726 2 17 Verify that V 0 is a solution of the system 3672 1 73 2 x 0 71 0 x 0 71 72 243
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# Timecode Expression
FAQ • VIEW ALL
Timecode Expression on Feb 26, 2019 at 12:48:33 pm
Just because someone has asked a question and it's made me think.
How can you use an expression on time use the timecode to trigger.
eg
If (time < 2) 100 else 0;
if I do frames this also works
if (time < framesToTime(65)) 100 else 0;
But how can you use the timecode to do the same
if (time < timeToTimecode(00:00:02:00)) 100 else 0;
This doesn't work and I can't fathom how to do it another way. Surely if it works for time and frames. It can do timecode.
Re: Timecode Expressionon Feb 26, 2019 at 4:14:51 pm
isn't timecode technically a string? You would need a function timecodeToTime(t), which after effects doesn't have, to get it to be comparable.
To build the function you you would need to parse out the separate elements of the timecode and combine them appropriately, e.g.:
t = 00:00:02:00;
var f = 0;
for(i=0; i<4; i++){
d = t.split(":")[i];
try{d = d.split(":")[0]}catch(e){};
f += parseInt(d);
if(i<2) f*=60;
if(i==2)f*=(1/thisComp.frameDuration);
} framesToTime(f)
Alex Printz
Mograph Designer
Re: Timecode Expressionon Feb 27, 2019 at 8:41:26 am
Cheers Alex,
I would never have thought of doing that.
I did get an error back because the timecode wasn't in "", but then it worked perfectly
t = "00:00:02:00";
var f = 0;
for(i=0; i<4; i++){
d = t.split(":")[i];
try{d = d.split(":")[0]}catch(e){};
f += parseInt(d);
if(i<2) f*=60;
if(i==2)f*=(1/thisComp.frameDuration);
}
if(time < framesToTime(f)){
100
}else{
0
}; | 506 | 1,611 | {"found_math": false, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 2.5625 | 3 | CC-MAIN-2019-22 | latest | en | 0.823787 |
https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/help-solving-nodal-equation-for-vx-op-amp-node.158798/ | 1,701,538,894,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100448.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20231202172159-20231202202159-00172.warc.gz | 1,046,457,046 | 16,098 | # Help! Solving Nodal Equation for Vx @ Op-Amp Node
• ravenprp
V- of the first op-amp is unknown because we are trying to solve for it. So, V- of the second op-amp subtracted from V- of the first op-amp would be V0 - V-. Therefore, the potential difference for the 30k resistor would be (V0 - V-). In summary, the conversation is about filling out the nodal equation for the node of the first op-amp towards the left. The user is having trouble figuring out what to put for the ~~~~ part in the equation Vx - 5 / 70k + ~~~~ = 0. They are also trying to verify the KCL equation for the node by the + polarity of V0
#### ravenprp
Hi, I am having trouble filling out the nodal equation for the node of the first op-amp towards the left. Let's say that node voltage is Vx. (V-)
I know that, Vx - 5 / 70k + ~~~~ = 0... I don't know what to put for the ~~~~ part. I know the current has to equal the current across teh 70kohm resistor because the current into an ideal op amp is equal to 0. I'm a bit confused as to HOW to model the current leaving that node to the particular branch.
If you can't figure out what I'm talking about, it's toward the left part of the 60k and 30k resistor... that node.
http://img172.imageshack.us/img172/3728/screenshot01sd4.jpg [Broken]
I also want to verify that there is another node by the + polarity of the V0. That node will have voltage V0. So, the KCL equation for that node will be:
V0 / 30k + (V0 - Vx) / 60k = 0, right?
Last edited by a moderator:
Ask yourself this question. What are the voltages (V+,V-) at the op amp terminals. In an ideal op amp V-=V+
Sorry, I was in the middle of editing and trying to answer your questions till the phone rang...
The 70, 30, 60 resisters at the top are connected by the same node. Yes, Vo=V- at the 2nd op amp. Start with the left and work your way to right
Last edited:
teknodude said:
Ask yourself this question. What are the voltages (V+,V-) at the op amp terminals. In an ideal op amp V-=V+
Sorry, I was in the middle of editing and trying to answer your questions till the phone rang...
The 70, 30, 60 resisters at the top are connected by the same node. Yes, Vo=V- at the 2nd op amp. Start with the left and work your way to right
When I apply KCL at the left op-amp, I don't know how to model the 30k resistor as a difference of potential divided by (/) a certain resistance. Don't you still have to apply KCL?
For the KCL at the second opamp's positive terminal, I meant to say this:
Assume Vy is the voltage out of the op-amp with respect to GND (at the bottom of the circuit)
KCL Op Amp #2: 0 = V0/30kOhm + V0 - Vy / 140 kOhm
Your image of the op amp is gone. Can you upload it again?
ravenprp said:
When I apply KCL at the left op-amp, I don't know how to model the 30k resistor as a difference of potential divided by (/) a certain resistance. Don't you still have to apply KCL?
The potential difference for the 30k resistance is just going to be the V- of the first op amp subtracted from the V- of the 2nd op amp. I'll leave it to you to find what those are.
teknodude said:
The potential difference for the 30k resistance is just going to be the V- of the first op amp subtracted from the V- of the 2nd op amp. I'll leave it to you to find what those are.
V- of the second op-amp is going to be +V0 because it's the same node. | 940 | 3,341 | {"found_math": false, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 3.796875 | 4 | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | latest | en | 0.939696 |
https://networkengineering.stackexchange.com/questions/1323/how-fast-can-information-travel-through-various-media/1325#1325 | 1,639,011,270,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-49/segments/1637964363641.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20211209000407-20211209030407-00077.warc.gz | 471,281,534 | 34,135 | # How fast can information travel through various media?
I'm working on compiling some information about network latency and designing tests to help our support folks troubleshoot problems. In order to do this, I need some basic information that I don't really have access to (and can't find via a Google search). I'm looking for the following specific numbers:
• What is the maximum throughput across dark fiber that is leased?
• What is the most common throughput across modern implementation of copper lines?
• What technology do modern transoceanic lines use and are there any specific considerations to including them as part of a latency test?
Feel free to ask for clarification, I'm looking for hard numbers (specifically the mode or median) in order to better understand what to expect when looking at various client site numbers.
Signal travels roughly same speed in copper and fibre, copper being slightly faster. Fibre is determined by refractive index, typically speed being about 0.65c, i.e 200km per 1ms (single direction, not RTT).
Maximum theoretical throughput is hard to determine, maybedivide wavelengths to Planck length difference and light each up, so absurd amount. But in practice about 128 waves by 100G each in optical fibre.
For copper we're now doing 40G commercially, 100G will happen and is 400G the table. Obviously distances are very short.
• Copper also as 40g commercially available if you think broader than cat6/7. Twinax or 'Direct Attached Copper' cables are widely used at those speeds, but they have a very short distance limitation (10m). May 29 '13 at 19:22
• Thanks Kelly. 40G is important and often ignored. Answer updated.
– ytti
May 29 '13 at 20:49
• I'm pretty confused by this answer. You're saying that a signal will travel through copper at a faster speed than fiber? Can you please sight your source for this? Aug 9 '18 at 17:10
• The optical wave propagation speed is the speed of light divided by the refractive index (ca. 1.48) -> ca. .68c. The electrical wave propagation speed is the speed of light divided by the square root of the dielectric constant for the material the wave passes through which includes the insulation -> ca. .65c for Cat5/6 and .75c for Cat7. Check en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velocity_factor
– Zac67
Aug 9 '18 at 18:13
In terms of maximum throughput through fibre there isn't really a limit you can put on it as it changes year by year.
If you use a DWDM device on the end of a piece of fibre you will get multitudes more throughput down a single strand compared to a single wavelength. | 587 | 2,569 | {"found_math": false, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 2.984375 | 3 | CC-MAIN-2021-49 | latest | en | 0.948738 |
https://www.freemathhelp.com/forum/threads/i-could-use-help.36251/ | 1,553,627,030,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-13/segments/1552912205600.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20190326180238-20190326202238-00279.warc.gz | 775,342,912 | 9,962 | # I could use help.
G
#### Guest
##### Guest
-10u^2 + 30u -20
I thought this:
a= -10 b=30 c=20
ab = (-10) (20) = -200
-200 GCf
________
2x100
4x50
8x-25
10x-20
20x-10
40x -5
-2x100
none of these give me a sum of 30. Am I doing this equation wrong?
Could someone help me?
#### tkhunny
##### Moderator
Staff member
I wish I knew what it was you were trying to do.
The GCF of 10 and 20 is 10. But, what does the GCF of anything have to do with factoring. Can you provide a textbook descroption so I can track this down?
In this particular problem, you may wish to simplify your life SUBSTANTIALLY by first factoring out the GCF of the three terms.
-10u^2 + 30u -20 = -10*(u^2 - 3u + 2)
That's about 1000 times easier.
G
#### Guest
##### Guest
sorry
I will be more clear in any more questions. I really feel stupid for doing that! I am so happy to have found this site to help me when I get in a stump. THANK YOU SO MUCH! | 301 | 933 | {"found_math": false, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 3.8125 | 4 | CC-MAIN-2019-13 | latest | en | 0.931867 |
https://converter.ninja/volume/deciliters-to-centiliters/210-dl-to-cl/ | 1,601,114,838,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-40/segments/1600400238038.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20200926071311-20200926101311-00689.warc.gz | 321,624,279 | 5,022 | # 210 deciliters in centiliters
## Conversion
210 deciliters is equivalent to 2100 centiliters.[1]
## Conversion formula How to convert 210 deciliters to centiliters?
We know (by definition) that: $1\mathrm{dl}\approx 10\mathrm{centiliter}$
We can set up a proportion to solve for the number of centiliters.
$1 dl 210 dl ≈ 10 centiliter x centiliter$
Now, we cross multiply to solve for our unknown $x$:
$x\mathrm{centiliter}\approx \frac{210\mathrm{dl}}{1\mathrm{dl}}*10\mathrm{centiliter}\to x\mathrm{centiliter}\approx 2100\mathrm{centiliter}$
Conclusion: $210 dl ≈ 2100 centiliter$
## Conversion in the opposite direction
The inverse of the conversion factor is that 1 centiliter is equal to 0.000476190476190476 times 210 deciliters.
It can also be expressed as: 210 deciliters is equal to $\frac{1}{\mathrm{0.000476190476190476}}$ centiliters.
## Approximation
An approximate numerical result would be: two hundred and ten deciliters is about two thousand, one hundred centiliters, or alternatively, a centiliter is about zero times two hundred and ten deciliters.
## Footnotes
[1] The precision is 15 significant digits (fourteen digits to the right of the decimal point).
Results may contain small errors due to the use of floating point arithmetic. | 364 | 1,286 | {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 6, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 4.0625 | 4 | CC-MAIN-2020-40 | latest | en | 0.689453 |
mjsbackhoe.com | 1,624,019,745,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-25/segments/1623487636559.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20210618104405-20210618134405-00072.warc.gz | 35,925,511 | 7,652 | Ansys Plane Stress » mjsbackhoe.com
# Analysis the result of Radial Stress in a 2D plane.
01/07/2018 · it depends on your structure. Plane Stress and Plane Strain are simplifying assumptions which allow to reduce the simulation effort by denying the stress/strain in the particular direction, whose value is negligible compared to the others. A typical example for Plane Stress is a tube with thin walls which is under pressure from its inside. 18/05/2018 · How can i get Residual radial stress at room temperature, after the 1000 C temperature was applied and removed in a plane stress or plane strain 2D cylinder. I can get the radial stresses only but don't know how to get the residual radial stress from the post processing. I have attached the archive file for better understanding to help. calculated reaction forces and stresses once with "plane stress/strain thickness" equal to 1, then again with "plane stress/strain thickness" equal to 10. in both cases I have exactly the same numbers for reaction forces and for stresses, so I couldn't see any influence of the "plane stress/strain thickness". 16/11/2005 · The plane 42 element provides two options for plane stress. 1 When we use only plane stress ANSYS assigns it a unit thickness. So when we are using this default option we should take care that we are using a unit thickness. Accordingly we have to take care of applying loads. i.e. If we have a plate of 0.5 mm thickness and the load is 10 N. Discussions Tagged With:plane-stress. Category: Pre and Post Processing. Principle Stress Out of Plane not zero in plane stress 2D problem plane-stress principle-stress. 5 Ansys modal analysis soultion not matching test results; Recent Activity. suhaiib is a new member in the forum.
in its plane and a spur gear tooth are good examples of plane stress problems. ANSYS provides a 6-node planar triangular element along with 4-node and 8-node quadrilateral elements for use in the development of plane stress models. We will use both triangles and quads in solution of the example problems that follow. 2-3 PLATE WITH CENTRAL HOLE. Plane Stress Plane Strain 2-1 OVERVIEW Plane stress and plane strain problems are an important subclass of general three-dimensional problems. The tutorials in this lesson demonstrate: ♦Solving planar stress concentration problems. ♦Evaluating potential errors in the solutions. ♦Using the various ANSYS 2D element formulations. 2-2. This tutorial is the second of three basic tutorials created to illustrate commom features in ANSYS. The plane stress bracket tutorial builds upon techniques covered in the first tutorial 3D Bicycle Space Frame, it is therefore essential that you have completed that tutorial prior to beginning this one. 4.3.3 Plane Stress and Plane Strain Two cases arise with plane axisymmetric problems: in the plane stress problem, the feature is very thin and unloaded on its larger free-surfaces, for example a thin disk under external pressure, as shown in Fig. 4.3.5. PLANE42 element formulation in ANSYS. Hi friends, What is the element formulation used for PLANE42 element in ANSYS software? Please let me know if anybody of you know about this. 0 - Plane stress. 1 - Axisymmetric. 2 - Plane strain Z strain = 0.0 3 - Plane stress with thickness input.
Cazacu–Barlat yield criterion for plane stress. For thin sheet metals, the state of stress can be approximated as plane stress. In that case the Cazacu–Barlat yield criterion reduces to its two-dimensional version with. Stress Analysis.Analysis Steps ŁThe preprocessor called PR EP7 in ANSYS is where you provide the majority of the input to the program. Ł Its main purpose is to generate the finite element model, which consists mainly of nodes, elements, and material property definitions.
• 18/10/2018 · It would be very helpful if you can assure me about the radial stress, hoop stress i get from my model are ok. 3. Sir i made a 3 layered homogeneous 2D cylinder to validate my model with the analytical result. Can you help me checking whether my ansys model is ok with the analytical result.
• Plane Stress Bracket Introduction This tutorial is the second of three basic tutorials created to illustrate commom features in ANSYS. The plane stress bracket tutorial builds upon techniques covered in the first tutorial 3D Bicycle Space Frame, it is therefore essential that you have completed that tutorial prior to beginning this one.
• Linearizing Stresses Normal to a Plane in ANSYS Workbench Mechanical Posted in Tips & Tricks - Finite Element Analysis FEA articles ANSYS Workbench Mechanical can use the Construction Geometry branch of its Outline to define planes in space onto which User Defined Results from selected geometry can be mapped from selected bodies.
• Introduzione al Metodo agli Elementi Finiti Finite Element Method, FEM oppure Finite Element Analysis, FEA o FE Applicazione all’analisi statica strutturale elastica lineare.
The Third Principal Stress Although plane stress is essentially a two-dimensional stress-state, it is important to keep in mind that any real particle is three-dimensional. The stresses acting on the x y plane are the normal stress zz and the shear stresses zx and zy, Fig. 3.5.6. These are all zero in plane stress. ANSYS Mechanical FEA Suite • Founded in 1970, ANSYS have been developing generic Mechanical FEA software for 40 years • Originally developed for the nuclear industry.
## 4.182 PLANE182 2-D Structural Solid UP19980821
How are principal stresses reported for 2D plane stress cases in ANSYS Mechanical? Why is one principal stress not zero everywhere? ANSYS reports three principal stresses in 2D with one of these always being zero at ANY PARTICULAR LOCATION. zero normal gradients of all variables at a symmetry plane; As stated above, these conditions determine a zero flux across the symmetry plane, which is required by the definition of symmetry. Since the shear stress is zero at a symmetry boundary, it can also be interpreted as a "slip'' wall when used in viscous flow calculations.
In this article Stress Linearization Procedure based on Annex 5-A of ASME Sec VIII Div 2 code will be illustrated using an example. Example Problem: A carbon steel vessel ID 500 mm x 20 thk x 1000 mm long has a nozzle connection ID 250 mm x 20 thk x 130 mm projection of the same material. Stress is a measure of the force per unit area acting on a plane passing through the point of interest in a body. The above geometrical data the strains will be multiplied by material properties to define a new physical quantity, the stress, which is. ANSYS engineering simulation and 3D design software delivers product modeling solutions with unmatched scalability and a comprehensive multiphysics foundation. 18/08/1999 · Element Type Definition FEMGEN will generate a finite element mesh of nodes and geometric element types. These geometric element types are related to the ANSYS element names via an element variant number. The. KEYOPT values for the analysis type, e.g. plane stress, plane. Various printout options are also available. See Section 14.82 of the ANSYS Theory Reference for more details about this element. An axisymmetric element which accepts nonaxisymmetric loading is. Plane stress with thickness TK real constant input. Figure 4.82-2 2-D PLANE82 Stress Output. The following notation is used in Table 4.82.
• 18/09/2012 · This tutorial is the second of three basic tutorials created to illustrate commom features in ANSYS. The plane stress bracket tutorial builds upon techniques covered in the first tutorial 3D Bicycle Space Frame, it is therefore essential that you have completed that tutorial prior to beginning this one.
• The element can be used either as a plane element plane stress or plane strain or as an axisymmetric element. The element is defined by four nodes having two degrees of freedom at each node: translations in the nodal x and y directions. The element has plasticity, stress stiffening, large deflection, and large strain capabilities.
ANSYS中plane183单元. The element may be used as a plane element plane stress, plane strain and generalized plane strain or as an axisymmetric element. This element has plasticity, hyperelasticity, creep, stress stiffening, large deflection, and large strain capabilities. ANSYS Examples. These pages have been prepared to assist in the use of ANSYS for the formulation and solution of various types of finite element problems. Questions or comments can be sent to Kent L. Lawrence lawrence@mae. Note: An extensively. Plane Stress Examples. Right-click on the stress component associated with an edge > Convert to Path Result Tosolvethemodel,clickonSolveatthetopofthescreen.Aftersolving,youcan. | 1,901 | 8,715 | {"found_math": false, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 2.9375 | 3 | CC-MAIN-2021-25 | latest | en | 0.925339 |
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# What is pi and why is it important?
Pi (pronounced “pie”; the symbol is π) is the ratio of the circumference to the diameter of a circle. Another way of looking at pi is by the area of a circle: pi times the square of the length of the radius, or as it is often phrased “pi r squared.” There are more ways to consider the value of pi: 2 pi (2π) in radians is 360 degrees; thus, pi radians is 180 degrees and ½ pi (½π) radians is 90 degrees. (For more about pi and radians, see “Geometry and Trigonometry.”)
What is the importance of pi? It was used in calculations to build the huge cathedrals of the Renaissance, to find basic Earth measurements, and it has been used to solve a plethora of other mathematical problems throughout the ages. Even today it is used in the calculations of items that surround everyone. To give just a few examples, it is used in geometric problems, such as machining parts for aircraft, spacecraft, and automobiles; in interpreting sine wave signals for radio, television, radar, telephones, and other such equipment; in all areas of engineering, including simulations and modeling of a building’s structural loads; and even to determine global paths of aircraft (airlines actually fly on an arc of a circle as they travel above the Earth).
Advances in architecture during the European Renaissance would not have been possible without similar advances in mathematics and a knowledge of the value of π (pi). This cathedral in York, England, is a prime example of what can be accomplished with mathematics.
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This is a web preview of the "The Handy Math Answer Book" app. Many features only work on your mobile device. If you like what you see, we hope you will consider buying. Get the App | 383 | 1,743 | {"found_math": false, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 2.90625 | 3 | CC-MAIN-2023-23 | latest | en | 0.951707 |
https://kr.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/cody/problems/43585-logarithm-with-base-other-than-e/solutions/1553195 | 1,610,935,374,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-04/segments/1610703514046.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20210117235743-20210118025743-00321.warc.gz | 414,696,026 | 17,349 | Cody
Problem 43585. Logarithm with base other than 'e'
Solution 1553195
Submitted on 7 Jun 2018 by Mehmet OZC
This solution is locked. To view this solution, you need to provide a solution of the same size or smaller.
Test Suite
Test Status Code Input and Output
1 Pass
x = 1; base = 10; y_correct = 0; assert(abs(your_fcn_name(x,base)-y_correct)<1e-3)
y = 0
2 Pass
x = 4; base = 2; y_correct = 2; assert(abs(your_fcn_name(x,base)-y_correct)<1e-3)
y = 2
3 Pass
x = 42; base = 7; y_correct = 1.92078222; assert(abs(your_fcn_name(x,base)-y_correct)<1e-3)
y = 1.9208
4 Pass
x = 11; base = 2; y_correct = 3.4594316; assert(abs(your_fcn_name(x,base)-y_correct)<1e-3)
y = 3.4594
5 Pass
x = 101; base = 4; y_correct = 3.3291057; assert(abs(your_fcn_name(x,base)-y_correct)<1e-3)
y = 3.3291
6 Pass
x = 111111; base = 11; y_correct = 4.845201; assert(abs(your_fcn_name(x,base)-y_correct)<1e-3)
y = 4.8452
7 Pass
x = 12345654321; base = 7; y_correct = 11.9412348; assert(abs(your_fcn_name(x,base)-y_correct)<1e-3)
y = 11.9412
8 Pass
x = 111111; base = 4; y_correct = 8.380821; assert(abs(your_fcn_name(x,base)-y_correct)<1e-3)
y = 8.3808
9 Pass
x = 101; base = 7; y_correct = 2.3717028; assert(abs(your_fcn_name(x,base)-y_correct)<1e-3)
y = 2.3717
10 Pass
x = 101010; base = 11; y_correct = 4.8054537; assert(abs(your_fcn_name(x,base)-y_correct)<1e-3)
y = 4.8055
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# Which of the following functions from Z into Z are bijections?\begin{array}{1 1}(A)\;f(x)=x^3 & (B)\;f(x)=x+2\\(C)\;f(x)=2x+1 & (D)\;f(x)=x^2+1\end{array}
Toolbox:
• A function $f: Z \to Z$ is bijective if f is both one -one and onto
• ie $f(x)=f(y) =>x =y$
• and for every $y \in R$ then exists $x\in R$ such that $f(x)=y$
$f(x)=x^3 \qquad x \in z$
$f(x_1)=f(x_2)$
$x_1^3=x_2^3$
$x_1 =x_2$
f is one one
But for $y=-2$ then does not exists $x \in Z$ such that $f(x)=-2$ ie $x^3=-2$
f is not onto
f is not bijection
$f(x)=x+2$
$f(x_1)=f(x_2)$
$=> x_1+2=x_2+2$
$x_1=x_2$
f is one one
Also $y=x+2 \qquad \in z$ then there exists
$x=y-2 \qquad \in z$ such that
$f(x)=y$
$f(y-z)=y-z+z$
$=y$
f is onto
Hence f=x+2 is bijection
'B' option is correct | 347 | 783 | {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 1, "mathjax_display_tex": 1, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 3.984375 | 4 | CC-MAIN-2016-50 | longest | en | 0.668311 |
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It is a well known fact that kids learn faster by interaction. We believe that figuring out an answer (instead of just selecting an answer) “teaches” the kids at a fundamental level. The Ladybug Math app takes this approach in teaching simple concepts in numbers, shapes, basic arithmetic, comparison and sequence to young minds. We have developed the app in such a way that it is going to be fun to interact/play with the app as well as learn the concepts. These are the basic skills which kids can learn from this app:
1. Fine motor skills: For toddlers, this app develops fine motor skills. The kids can play with the ladybugs and get tactile feedback as the ladybugs are being dragged. Plus, it is fun to put them in web and release them!
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4. Basic arithmetic: The next logical step is to teach the concepts of addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. We have made multiple levels for each of the concepts to ease the learning so that the child grasps the fundamentals.
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https://blog.michaelckennedy.net/2009/10/28/tdd-invades-space-invaders/?shared=email&msg=fail | 1,582,440,956,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-10/segments/1581875145747.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20200223062700-20200223092700-00486.warc.gz | 305,158,530 | 21,815 | A joint post by Llewellyn Falco and Michael Kennedy
[Update: Get the videos and additional downloads for this webcast.]
As a follow-up to our “Avoiding 5 Common Pitfalls in Unit Testing” article we did a webcast where we took a problem from the audience and solved it live and unrehearsed on stage. These kinds of performances are always a risk but that’s part of what makes them fun.
Of course, the question is could we have done it better? Here’s your chance to try it for yourself (details below).
The Problem:
Our viewers chose to have us build the game Space Invaders. The first thing we had to do to sketch out a basic scenario we could implement. We started with a picture to remind what Space Invaders even was:
This was too big of a scenario for us to tackle in the allotted 40 minutes for programming. So then we started by creating a simpler scenario which we sketched out on the “whiteboard”:
Flushing Out the Scenario
:
In doing this, a couple of things were revealed about the game.
First, we wanted to make the tank and aliens all be the same size so we could put them on a grid. But then we saw that our bullet wouldn’t fit that story, so we introduced the idea of relative sizes. We also realized that even though we drew the block, it was too complex for the first scenario and it would have to wait.
Notice that as we started writing the scenario in English, there are mistakes, irrelevancies, and problems with the order. This is OK. The thing to remember is that all of this was done for the sole purpose of creating a recipe for a scenario we could test. That scenario is the following:
```[TestMethod]
public void TestSimpleKill()
{
// 1. Create a 15x10 board.
// 2. Place a 3x2 tank at 1x8.
// 3. Place a 2x2 alien at 7x3 heading west.
// 4. tank shoots
// 5. advance 4 turns
// 6. not won
// 8. win
}```
Now that we had the recipe, we could go about writing the code.
Here’s your chance to play at home!
1. Set your timer to 40 minutes.
2. Create a new test project.
3. Paste that method above.
4. Translate the comments into code.
If you believe there’s a better process, we invite you to try that as well.
We made it to step 4 during our presentation (download code below) and estimate another 15 minutes would have had the whole scenario done, tested, and well-factored.
Stories vs. Requirements (stories win):
We’d like to point out a couple of things about the story. First, it was quick to write the story. We did it in 5 minutes. Second, it translates well to code because it has behavior and objects working together. Let’s compare that to the requirements that this story flushed-out.
Need a board Boards should have width & height Boards contain game objects Game objects have a witdth, height Game objects have the ability to move each turn Aliens move either left or right each turn Bullets move either up or down each turn Bullets are 1×1 Tanks are 3×2 Aliens are 2×2 The game is not won until all the aliens are killed The game is won if alll the aliens are killed An Alien is killed if it is hit by a bullet Tanks can fire Firing with a tank creates a bullet going up from the space directly above the tank
Now we want to point out that this requirements doc is much hard to understand than our story. For example, if you were to add more requirements (e.g. an alien also shoots) is that easy to determine whether we have complete requirements? It also takes much more effort to create and especially to tell if it is complete. People aren’t made to handle requirement documents well but we are story-telling machines. We embrace this in our coding techniques.
We’d also like to mention some of the tools discussed at the end.
For remote collaboration we use:
Skype (audio / video)
VNC for screen keyboard sharing
RDP (windows remote desktop) — requires Windows 2003/2008 server for pairing.
Source Control:
Developer Tools:
Testing Tools:
MsTest (in Visual Studio Professional and up)
NUnit
NCover
TortioseDiff
Approvals Tests
Approvals Tests CodeRush add-in
Rhino Mock
TypeMock | 950 | 4,047 | {"found_math": false, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 2.796875 | 3 | CC-MAIN-2020-10 | latest | en | 0.952004 |
http://www.instructables.com/id/Using-AC-with-LEDs-Part-3-The-BIG-light/ | 1,529,749,939,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-26/segments/1529267864957.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20180623093631-20180623113631-00581.warc.gz | 429,101,539 | 17,303 | Using AC With LEDs (Part 3) - the BIG Light
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Introduction: Using AC With LEDs (Part 3) - the BIG Light
In Using AC with LEDs, part 1 and part 2, we looked at ways to adapt AC power to LEDs without the usual conversion to pure DC first.
Here, in part 3, we combine what we learned before to design a LED light that operated directly off AC mains.
Warning: AC mains is hundreds of volts, and is potentially lethal. Please take all necessary precautions before you start working with it!
Step 1: The No-transformer Transformer.
When we connected LEDs to AC transformers, the calculation we used was:
Vac / 3.3
to give us the number of LEDs we need to be able to properly handle the power without additional resistors and other parts.
What if we bypass the transformer completely and consider AC mains? In some ways it is simpler - the voltage from transformers could vary greatly with the load we put on it, whereas AC mains are much more stable.
If we use the 110v standard of the US, we first calculate the peak voltage, 1.4 * 110 = 156 and we can find the number of LEDs it can support:
156 / 3.3 = 47 LEDs
So, does that mean that if we put 47 LEDs in series, we can run the whole string directly off a 110v AC socket?
The answer is Yes! As long as we maintain the voltage across each LED at 3.5v or less, it will operate within its limits.
But then, let's not forget that for each positive cycle, there is a negative cycle! That means we need a mirror circuit like in (1).
Wow, that's an awful lot of bulbs!
However, if we add a blocking diode like in circuit (2), then we can safely operate our circuit. The 1N4003 is capable of handling 200 volts so is fine for US power.
For EU countries, the magic number is 103 LEDs (double if you want to use both cycles) and the diode for ckt (2) should be a 1N4004 or better.
Step 2: Pushing the Envelope
Remember that, because we're using the diode to block half our cycle, the LEDs in circuit (2) only works 1/2 the time. How can we make them light up for the other half as well?
With a simple part called a Bridge Rectifier this can happen. This device is actually 4 diodes connected in a criss-cross way to make both cycles go in the same direction. Electronic fans will know this as part of the 'Full-wave rectification' circuit (as opposed to Half-wave).
With this addition, our LEDs will be turning on twice as often and we WILL get twice as much light from them.
Step 3: Build Time!
So, we can start our build of a simple all-LED + a bridge circuit to run off 110v mains.
You will need:
Lots of white LEDs - naturally! And TEST them all!
AC line cord
Perfboard
1N4003 diode or 200volt bridge rectifier
The first picture is what my circuit looks like when finished. Quick eyes will note that there are only 42 LEDs on board. Because of the need to accomodate the bridge on the board, and because of the relatively stable nature of our mains, we can run our lights a tad over 20mA.
The Bridge has 4 leads: 2 marked (~), a (+) positive and a (-) negative. The (~) ones go to AC Mains.
Start by connecting the Bridge (+) to the longer (+) lead of the first LED, then take the short lead to the long lead of the next LED. Do 1 row, double and triple check before soldering! Work your way down, ALWAYS connecting shorter to longer.
I have additional pictures below showing the various stages of completion. Print them out to help you do the wiring.
Step 4: Behold!
...
And there is light!
Because of the hazardous nature of the components when plugged in, I covered the circuit board with a triple layer of parchment paper, which has a good dielectric value, and can withstand over 400F of heat.
Then I mounted the board on the lid of a take out container, using a foam spacer from a DVD spindle, with a cutout for the power cord.
The light output is equivalent to a 40-watt frosted bulb, but the container is barely warm.
Remember: Always unplug the circuit before you touch any exposed parts.
Also, the LEDs will be running close to their rated current, which could mean temperatures as high as 85C on their surfaces.
Step 5: Variations
Too bright?
You can combine circuits (2) and (3) to give our light a Hi/Lo switch. In Hi, the switch shorts the diode so that it operates in Full-wave mode as in (3). Opening the switch only allows current to flow half the time, just like (2).
Ozzies and Brits: You too can use the 42/47 LED circuits - just combine the US version (.4uF and 1K-ohm) circuit presented in part 2 and you too can make a AC-mains light with just 42 LEDs! Or check out the calculations in the following step.
Oh yeah, our 'big' light is super thrifty - running off 110-volt mains, it barely consumes 3-watts.
Find out about more ways to light your house with LEDs off A/C mains here!
Step 6: Crunching Numbers
Here is a recap of the calculations used for this project:
To operate white LEDs (nominal voltage 3.3v) safely off AC Mains without using any regulation (other than the diode bridge), the magic number is: Vac * 1.4 / 3.3. Which is the minimum number of LEDs in series that will run off AC without exceeding its 'comfortable' operating range. The choice of LEDs can be 20mA or higher - AS LONG AS they are all the same type and attached in series.
If you are using the full number of LEDs calculated above, that is all you need, but for arrangements using fewer LEDs (but no fewer than 30), we need to add the voltage dropping RC combination. R is always a 1K, 1Watt resistor, while the value of C is calculate as:
Vpk= Vac * 1.4
Vdd= N * 3.3, where N is the number of white LEDs we wish to use in series.
Iled = 0.02, the current we want for our LEDs.
C = 1 / (2 * pi * f * (Vpk-Vdd) / Iled), where f is the mains frequency, but you can simplify it to: (58 / (Vpk-Vdd)) in micro-farads (uF), and should range between .1 and .5 uF. Make sure it is a non-polar capacitor.
IMPORTANT: Parts must be rated for at least Vpk, and enough current to handle Iled.
Recommendations
• 3D CAM and CNC Class
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We have a be nice policy.
Questions
I found these last year
http://www.onsemi.com/PowerSolutions/parametrics.d...
and have used every one in the sample kit they will send you for free. One set for 10, 20, 30, and 50mA plus a couple adjustable ones as well... Super flexible, will run off pulsating dc (no capacitor - but the LEDs get noticeably brighter with one) built in surge protection and they run about \$0.52 each from Digikey in small quantities
AWESOME
P.S. Supertex has a line of similar devices that are slightly both, more expensive and more flexible
Those look like they run on 45v max so how do they help?
Hey qs!
So if I wanted to run more LEDs from a 110V socket from the US exceeding the magic number. How would I do that? Would I just get a transformer and up the voltage so that I can add more LEDs in that strip? I'm just trying to make my own christmas lights for fun and make them super bright. I realize that I can only have around 47 LEDs from a 110Vac. You know how people add strips of christmas lights in series with each other? Like a strip of 100ct Led Strip connected to the wall(110Vac) and then people to add another one just like it to the end of the first LEDs strip to elongate the christmas light to put up all around the house. Is there a limit to how many I can run from a single socket? If so, if I wanted to run about 1000 LEDs from one household socket, what should I do?
Hi qs! I am very thankful for this, it really helps me a lot. I have a question though, you said, the max voltage is about 156V, is this equivalent to the DC voltage level?
I have arranged a bridge rectifier consists of four 1n4003, I measured its output voltage and the meter reads 105Vdc with measured input of 115Vac. Why is it the output is not 115*√2= 163V ?
7 replies
The problem with calling what comes out of a full-wave bridge "DC" is the implication that it is the same current as what you might get from batteries.
The real waveform from your bridge, as this image Wikipedia shows is still very much recognisably "AC", except all the sine-waves appear in the same direction (polarity).
That is why you must add a capacitor to + and - to smooth out the "ripples" before your multimeter can recognize it as true "DC".
How can we compute for the value of the smoothing capacitor?
p.s.: Great instructables you have, qs!
Thanks!
The value of the smoothing capacitor is dependent on frequency, voltage, current drain and the amount of ripple allowed. Here is a simple formula to get an approximate value:
C(farad) = i / (2 * (freq * V * (1 - Smoothing-factor))), where
V = input Voltage (peak); i = current (amps), freq = frequency (Hz, or cycles/sec), and
Smoothing factor = 0 for none and 1 for 100%; note that this means that 100% smoothing is impossible (division by zero).
So if V is 110v a/c (60Hz), we will use the rectified peak value of 160 volts, and we're driving a chain of LEDs at 20mA, then for 90% smoothing, we'll need:
C = 0.02 / (2 * 60 * 160 * (1-0.9)) = 10 uF (or higher, at 200v or better)
(The 90% filtering is acceptable for LED lighting, but not for electronic applications, especially ones involving sound. To get 99% filtering, C becomes 100uF!)
WARNING: This MUST be used in conjunction with a full-wave (bridge) rectifier circuit, or it's boom time!
Hey, can you explain me about calculation of filtering C in power supply or direct me any web link that has explained about calculating about it?
I'm really confused in f, Vrms, Vp-p for DC!
....................
Although this may be because of my poor knowledge, Help me plzzz!!!
The a/c-mains (wall) supplied electricity in all countries has 2 basic values, Vrms and f. So they are easily discoverable by checking with your local power company or Google.
thank you very much for your response. Does it mean that the reading of 105Vdc is the RMS?
The meter is expecting a steady input so the reading will depend on the time frame your meter checks to see if the input has changed - the 'Samples/sec' number in the spec sheet.
Let me know if I am wrong.........
1.4 x 220v = 308
308 divided by 3.5 = 88
So 88 LED's on both sides without using a Bridge Rectifier.
positive cycle and negative cycle,
That means we have a mirror circuit with 88 + 88 LED's
Am I right?
5 replies
Coincidentally, Phillips has announce THEIR version of this 'big' light for 230v where they place 96 SMT (Surface mount) LEDs in series with a bridge rectifier. This allows the LEDs to run cooler and perhaps extend their life.
Something is wrong. Your pictured light is not 96 LEDs but rather 128 LEDs, so they cannot all be in series to run directly off 230VAC rectified.
I think the Phillips SMT (Surface mount) LEDs will be costing hell of a lot of money?
And you'd be right! No firm prices yet but bhey are claiming life in 10's if not 100-thousand hours and that a panel will save over \$150 of electricity over their life.
\$150 of electricity over their life time is peanuts?
I would rather stick to the present cheap ones, cause if they give me 5 years my money is worth it.
Over 2 years has passed and my LED Chandelier is being used daily is still going strong without any LED's packing up. Isn't that something?
I have been thinking
is their a cheap safe way to Current limit AC then to rectify it to DC thus keeping it current limited
I am wanting to drive 700~900ma LED's
and planing on running them in series with an backup diode between each link so if 1 LED fails the diode takes its place until replaced
I would rather spend the money or more LED's then pay for expensive drivers :P
especially now that you can get 1000 3w LED's for \$100
the largest driver I can find is
\$240 LED Power Supplies 200W 90-305VAC 143-285V CC DIMMING
http://au.mouser.com/ProductDetail/Condor-SL-Power/LE200S70CD/?qs=sGAEpiMZZMt5PRBMPTWcaes6bEy7OfPPyZIV8IY2H4Y%3d
anything else I can find is low voltage or high voltage high current | 3,030 | 12,026 | {"found_math": false, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 3.828125 | 4 | CC-MAIN-2018-26 | latest | en | 0.911057 |
http://openstudy.com/updates/5095f338e4b0d0275a3cca49 | 1,448,968,665,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-48/segments/1448398466260.18/warc/CC-MAIN-20151124205426-00352-ip-10-71-132-137.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 174,436,504 | 26,359 | ## hartnn 3 years ago An nXn matrix A has all diagonal elements=0 and non-diagonal elements =1 Find the eigen values of A.
1. Dido525
Hartnn asking a question? That's a first :P . Joking ;) .
2. hartnn
i know |A-$$\lambda$$I|=0 solving for $$\lambda$$ gives eigen values.
3. hartnn
for 2X2, its $$\pm 1$$
4. hartnn
for nXn, there are n eigen values.
5. mahmit2012
|dw:1352005712436:dw|
6. mahmit2012
|dw:1352006085694:dw|
7. hartnn
|dw:1352006090747:dw|
8. hartnn
yeah.
9. mahmit2012
|dw:1352006113098:dw|
10. mahmit2012
So, it has n-1 roots -1 and one root n-1. | 221 | 582 | {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 1, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 2.6875 | 3 | CC-MAIN-2015-48 | longest | en | 0.564224 |
http://gmatclub.com/forum/17-in-the-1980a-s-the-rate-of-increase-of-the-minority-7870.html | 1,481,391,203,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-50/segments/1480698543316.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20161202170903-00004-ip-10-31-129-80.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 113,885,521 | 56,125 | 17. In the 1980’s the rate of increase of the minority : GMAT Sentence Correction (SC)
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# 17. In the 1980’s the rate of increase of the minority
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17. In the 1980’s the rate of increase of the minority
population of the United States was nearly twice as
fast as
the 1970’s.
(A) twice as fast as
(B) twice as fast as it was in
(C) twice what it was in
(D) two times faster than that of
(E) two times greater than
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10 Jul 2004, 22:31
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C, 30 sec
A and B are out because rate of increase can be doubled but not faster than anything else.
D and E are out because "two times" can be neatly reduced to "twice"
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10 Jul 2004, 22:51
1 vote for C. "twice what it was" cos it is "the rate of increase" not increase.
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10 Jul 2004, 23:22
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Agree with Paul on C, but as an afterthought I feel that C should be framed as "twice of what it was in"
Paul: is there something wrong with my ear?
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11 Jul 2004, 00:51
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My shot is --- A (nothing wrong with the orginal)
Explinations later.
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11 Jul 2004, 01:20
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B.
(B) twice as fast as it was in
D & E change the meaning of original sentence..It is only two times, not greater than or faster than that.
A is not in parellel.
C is missing something." twice to what it was" may be better one.
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11 Jul 2004, 02:41
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Definitely C. The structure is correct.
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11 Jul 2004, 12:06
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Im still inclined towards B...
IMO for C to be right it should be ...'twice of what it was in'
what say?
Vivek.
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11 Jul 2004, 14:14
twice = two times
Let's rewrite this with "two times" as it may be easier to explain
In the 1980’s the rate of increase of the minority population of the United States was nearly two times what it was in the 1970’s
"what it was in" = the rate of increase of
--> The rate of increase of the 1980's was two times the rate of increase of the 1970's
Let's simplify this to:
X = The rate of increase of the 1980's
Y = The rate of increase of the 1970's
Do we say:
1- X was two times Y
or
2- X was two times of Y?
Since twice is equivalent to "two times", the same logic applies. You should NOT have "of" inserted in between.
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[#permalink] 11 Jul 2004, 14:14
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# 17. In the 1980’s the rate of increase of the minority
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Powered by phpBB © phpBB Group and phpBB SEO Kindly note that the GMAT® test is a registered trademark of the Graduate Management Admission Council®, and this site has neither been reviewed nor endorsed by GMAC®. | 1,681 | 5,527 | {"found_math": false, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 3.296875 | 3 | CC-MAIN-2016-50 | latest | en | 0.902985 |
http://betterlesson.com/lesson/reflection/18614/when-parts-1-2-and-3-don-t-go-as-planned | 1,477,580,956,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721347.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00143-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 25,630,997 | 22,570 | ## Reflection: Diverse Entry Points Where Does My Stuff Come From? Part 3: Two Way Frequency Tables - Section 3: Class Data Collection & Rolling Debrief
I love this project, and as I reflected in yesterday's lesson, I believe that it's a powerful experience for kids to gather and analyze their own data about their own "stuff" on the first three parts of this project.
This year, in one of my classes, these first three parts of the project fell really flat, and just didn't happen. Kids had trouble collecting their own data on Part 1, and then when it came to Parts 2 and 3, we just couldn't get going as a class. Out of 26 students, I had just 7 who completed Part 1 and I had to scramble to come up with a back-up plan for the others.
For the kids who didn't bring data to class, I used Kuta's Infinite Algebra software to create a review worksheet of percentage exercises. I used it for a few students in my other classes too. So as some students parsed out their data on Parts 2 and 3, other students got better at solving percent and percent change problems. It worked well enough, but I was disappointed to see my students missing out on the experience of dealing with the data.
I worried about what would happen for the next two parts of the project, but then was excited to find that my worries were unfounded. When we debriefed and looked at the results of data collection for all classes, even the students who didn't complete the first parts of the project had a lot of questions and observations. It turned out that the data was engaging enough, and when I told everyone that next week we'll compare our data to some world-wide trade data, even the students who missed out on the first parts expressed their excitement about seeing how "right" or "wrong" our data might be.
So it wasn't ideal, but the engagement factor that I rely on in teaching this project was still there, and I'm looking forward to seeing what happens on Monday when we all push the reset button and embark on Part 4.
When Parts 1, 2, and 3 Don't Go as Planned
Diverse Entry Points: When Parts 1, 2, and 3 Don't Go as Planned
# Where Does My Stuff Come From? Part 3: Two Way Frequency Tables
Unit 5: Statistics
Lesson 14 of 20
## Big Idea: Sometimes, we have to get our hands dirty if we want to learn to use a new tool. Today, students dig into their data in order to come up with a neat two-way frequency table.
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43 minutes
### James Dunseith
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Environment: Suburban | 719 | 3,115 | {"found_math": false, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 3.203125 | 3 | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | longest | en | 0.979355 |
https://forum.code.org/t/transitioning-students/4565?page=3 | 1,537,383,036,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-39/segments/1537267156270.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20180919180955-20180919200955-00119.warc.gz | 508,095,442 | 6,464 | # Transitioning Students
#41
My students make the transition from concrete to abstract best when they are working collaboratively and engaging problems. When they listen to each others’ thinking it helps them to bridge those gaps. It seems to be most difficult to take focus off of “rules” and instead feel comfortable with multiple ways of solving and understanding. Getting kids engaged with the problem (away from paper/pencil) seems to make this easier. Coding is new to me, so I have yet to discover how this will help my students make the transition.
#42
What’s worked for me in the past?
• the “function machine” idea
• making connections between multiple representations (situation in words, graph, table, equation)
What do my students find the most difficult?
• What is f(x)?
• Using parenthesis to mean so many things! Sometimes they mean multiplication, or function notation, or an ordered pair, or a range, etc.
How do you think programming can help with this transition?
• Not sure exactly; I don’t know programming well enough to draw connections.
• Increase engagement. Most students are more interested in a programming lesson than an algebra lesson.
#43
I LOVE algebra tiles! If anyone knows a good free online version of them, please share.
#44
I will try just about anything if it helps the students to remember the lesson.
I use songs or parts of songs to help students remember various lessons or formulas.
I have used numerous activities to let students learn though discovery.
My students have trouble learning new things because they get do caught in the mechanics of the problem because their basic skills are weak.
I am really hoping programming will help with this.
#45
I will try just about anything if it helps the students to remember the lesson.
I use songs or parts of songs to help students remember various lessons or formulas.
I have used numerous activities to let students learn though discovery.
My students have trouble learning new things because they get do caught in the mechanics of the problem because their basic skills are weak.
I am really hoping programming will help with this.
#46
I am new to Algebra I this year. With early math concepts I have used manipulatives, video clips, visuals and repetition. Reviewing previous lessons helped with reinforcement prior to new material being taught. Introducing programming will give the students an instant gratification if they insert the functions correctly.
#47
I find that I have to re-teach the basics of pre-algebra before I can attempt to instruct them in Algebra I. This video about coding is great for students to get a visual representation of what Algebra really is. I often use visuals in my class so my students can try to make connections.
#48
In the past, I’ve used online graphing calculators. But this is usually introduced after they have practiced with simpler functions.
I think the most difficult part for them is to not make mistakes in their arithmetic or else it brings frustration when graphing functions.
I think programming will be another avenue that can help students transition to learn abstract algebra.
#49
I’ve used graphing calculators and manipulatives like algebra tiles to help students transition from concrete to abstract. I have noticed during the past couple of years that my students are less interested in using the hands on manipulatives and are more into using technology. I think programming can help with the transition from concrete to abstract by showing students the importance of math to make technology work.
#50
I try to focus on the vocabulary as a bridge to connect concepts. This helps when I go through each topic that they have prior knowledge. I am concerned with them being calculator dependent for simple computations, especially not realizing that parenthesis play a big role in accuracy. I hope that programming would help deepen their understanding of abstract to concrete while encouraging them to be efficient and that quality of work is important.
#51
“Making representations concrete and connected”… is why I think programming can help transition into algebra. Programming can help students’ understanding of math concepts more relatable and make sense to them in a directly representative way.
Finding how math concepts connect to the students’ prior knowledge and giving them multiple representations on how to solve problems, I think, is a great way to expand their mathematical minds.
#52
Especially with our student population, I think sometimes as teachers we might assume students understand the English vocabulary, not to mention, mathematical vocabulary, so to focus on vocabulary is crucial, too.
#53
What worked for me in the past: Use Algebra Tiles or hands-on activities, Vocabulary- Student read it instead teacher reading the information. Notes-
Math talk with the caculator. I want students to have a better understanding of what the calulator is doing , not just pushing the button. I think
programming can improve students" analytical skills by thinking about how to solve the problem in more than one way write a thorough plan and use logical reasoning.
#54
In the past, I have used acronyms and other shortcuts to help students with concepts like oh order of operations, subtracting integers and more. I found many of them were no longer useful after a certain grade. So I began to use more technology to help with challenging concepts. We use the TI N-spire for exploration so that kids connect with the information in their own way. Then we add to that as we move forward with learning about the concept. I have found that this helps the concept to be grasped by more students. This is why I feel CS that focuses on functions will help my students understand the concepts.
#55
In the past I have use many different things discovery with calculator, youtube videos, pictures and projects. Whatever works but what works for some doesn’t work for others.
#56
What’s worked for you in the past? I always scaffold and teach on top of what the students already know.
What do your students find the most difficult? Just memorizing the rules for each representation of Algebra.
How do you think programming can help with this transition? Programming will help piece everything together so students can see the big picture, or see the macro aspects of learning math in general. | 1,247 | 6,394 | {"found_math": false, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 2.84375 | 3 | CC-MAIN-2018-39 | longest | en | 0.946904 |
https://gateway.ipfs.io/ipfs/QmXoypizjW3WknFiJnKLwHCnL72vedxjQkDDP1mXWo6uco/wiki/Laplace_expansion_(potential).html | 1,653,517,772,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-21/segments/1652662594414.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20220525213545-20220526003545-00177.warc.gz | 331,696,733 | 3,230 | # Laplace expansion (potential)
In physics, the Laplace expansion of a 1/r - type potential is applied to expand Newton's gravitational potential or Coulomb's electrostatic potential. In quantum mechanical calculations on atoms the expansion is used in the evaluation of integrals of the interelectronic repulsion.
The Laplace expansion is in fact the expansion of the inverse distance between two points. Let the points have position vectors r and r', then the Laplace expansion is
Here r has the spherical polar coordinates (r, θ, φ) and r' has ( r', θ', φ'). Further r< is min(r, r') and r> is max(r, r'). The function is a normalized spherical harmonic function. The expansion takes a simpler form when written in terms of solid harmonics,
## Derivation
One writes
We find here the generating function of the Legendre polynomials :
Use of the spherical harmonic addition theorem
gives the desired result. | 200 | 917 | {"found_math": false, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 2.59375 | 3 | CC-MAIN-2022-21 | latest | en | 0.84207 |
https://oeis.org/A033664 | 1,713,673,881,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817729.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20240421040323-20240421070323-00004.warc.gz | 406,513,388 | 5,303 | The OEIS is supported by the many generous donors to the OEIS Foundation.
Hints (Greetings from The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences!)
A033664 Every suffix is prime. 21
2, 3, 5, 7, 13, 17, 23, 37, 43, 47, 53, 67, 73, 83, 97, 103, 107, 113, 137, 167, 173, 197, 223, 283, 307, 313, 317, 337, 347, 353, 367, 373, 383, 397, 443, 467, 503, 523, 547, 607, 613, 617, 643, 647, 653, 673, 683, 743, 773, 797, 823, 853, 883, 907, 937, 947 (list; graph; refs; listen; history; text; internal format)
OFFSET 1,1 COMMENTS Primes in which repeatedly deleting the most significant digit gives a prime at every step until a single-digit prime remains. Every digit string containing the least significant digit is prime. - Amarnath Murthy, Sep 24 2003 LINKS Alois P. Heinz, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..66973 (first 8779 terms from T. D. Noe) Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Truncatable Prime. MAPLE T:= proc(n) option remember; `if`(n=0, "", select(isprime, [seq(seq( seq(parse(cat(j, 0\$(n-i), p)), p=[T(i-1)]), i=1..n), j=1..9)])[]) end: seq(T(n), n=1..4); # Alois P. Heinz, Sep 01 2021 MATHEMATICA h8pQ[n_]:=And@@PrimeQ/@Most[NestWhileList[FromDigits[Rest[ IntegerDigits[ #]]]&, n, #>0&]]; Select[Prime[Range[1000]], h8pQ] (* Harvey P. Dale, May 26 2011 *) PROG (PARI) fileO="b033664.txt"; lim=8779; v=vector(lim); v[1]=2; v[2]=3; v[3]=5; v[4]=7; j=4; write(fileO, "1 2"); write(fileO, "2 3"); write(fileO, "3 5"); write(fileO, "4 7"); p10=1; until(0, p10*=10; j0=j; for(k=1, 9, k10=k*p10; for(i=1, j0, if(j==lim, break(3)); z=k10+v[i]; if(isprime(z), j++; v[j]=z; write(fileO, j, " ", z); )))) \\ Harry J. Smith, Sep 20 2008 (Haskell) a033664 n = a033664_list !! (n-1) a033664_list = filter (all ((== 1) . a010051. read) . init . tail . tails . show) a000040_list -- Reinhard Zumkeller, Jul 10 2013 (Python) from sympy import isprime, primerange def ok(p): # does prime p satisfy the property s = str(p) return all(isprime(int(s[i:])) for i in range(1, len(s))) print(list(filter(ok, primerange(1, 1000)))) # Michael S. Branicky, Sep 01 2021 (Python) # alternate for going to large numbers def agen(maxdigits): yield from [2, 3, 5, 7] primestrs, digits, d = ["2", "3", "5", "7"], "0123456789", 1 while len(primestrs) > 0 and d < maxdigits: cands = set(d+p for p in primestrs for d in "0123456789") primestrs = [c for c in cands if c[0] == "0" or isprime(int(c))] yield from sorted(map(int, (p for p in primestrs if p[0] != "0"))) d += 1 print([p for p in agen(11)]) # Michael S. Branicky, Sep 01 2021 CROSSREFS Cf. A024785, A032437, A020994, A024770, A052023, A052024, A052025, A050986, A050987, A069866, A038680, A010051, A000040. Sequence in context: A067905 A042993 A308711 * A024785 A069866 A125772 Adjacent sequences: A033661 A033662 A033663 * A033665 A033666 A033667 KEYWORD nonn,base,easy,nice AUTHOR N. J. A. Sloane EXTENSIONS More terms from Erich Friedman STATUS approved
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Last modified April 21 00:22 EDT 2024. Contains 371850 sequences. (Running on oeis4.) | 1,198 | 3,221 | {"found_math": false, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 3.390625 | 3 | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | latest | en | 0.416838 |
http://www.enotes.com/homework-help/what-integer-solutions-equation-4x-2-13x-3-0-243153 | 1,477,602,295,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721392.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00154-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 431,822,969 | 9,208 | # What are the integer solutions of the equation 4x^2-13x+3=0 ?
givingiswinning | Student, Grade 10 | (Level 1) Valedictorian
Posted on
4x^2 - 13x + 3
4x^2 - 12x - 1x + 3
group
(4x^2 - 12x) (- 1x + 3)
factor:
4x ( x - 3) -1(x - 3)
(4x - 1) (x-3)
set equal to 0
4x - 1 = 0
4x = 1
x = 1/4
x - 3 = 0
x = 3
atyourservice | Student, Grade 11 | (Level 3) Valedictorian
Posted on
You can do it as the answer above showed, or you can also solve by factoring:
4x^2 - 13x + 3
a b c
multiply a by c 4 x 3 =12
fiind factors of c that add up to b (-13) which would be -1 and -12
now plug those numbers in as b
4x^2 - 12x - 1x + 3
now group
(4x^2 - 12x) (- 1x + 3)
Now factor:
4x ( x - 3) -1(x - 3)
group the numbers outside of the parentheses:
(4x - 1) (x-3)
set them equal to 0 to find the solutions:
4x - 1 = 0
4x = 1
x = 1/4
x - 3 = 0
x = 3
giorgiana1976 | College Teacher | (Level 3) Valedictorian
Posted on
To decide if the equation has an integer solution, we'll have to calculate them, first.
We'll apply quadratic formula to calculate the solutions of the equation:
x1 = [-b+sqrt(b^2 - 4ac)]/2a
x2 = [-b-sqrt(b^2 - 4ac)]/2a
a,b,c, are the coefficients of the quadratic
a = 4, b = -13 , c = 3
x1 = [13+sqrt(169 - 48)]/8
x1 = (13+11)/8
x1 = 24/8
x1 = 3
x2 = (13-11)/8
x2 = 2/8
x2 = 1/4
Since x2 is not an integer number, we'll conclude that the only integer solution of the equation is x = 3. | 607 | 1,455 | {"found_math": false, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 4.34375 | 4 | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | latest | en | 0.859824 |
https://fredblog.stlouisfed.org/2022/06/buying-eggs-with-bitcoins/?utm_source=twitter&utm_medium=SM&utm_content=stlouisfed&utm_campaign=c4fbf333-9509-4d17-bdb8-0b0c42b67881 | 1,656,906,142,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-27/segments/1656104293758.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20220704015700-20220704045700-00042.warc.gz | 310,579,447 | 14,619 | The FRED® Blog
# Buying eggs with bitcoins
## A look at currency-related price volatility
The FRED graph above tracks the price of eggs. Specifically, a dozen large grade A chicken eggs, in U.S. dollars, for each month since January 2021.
This graph is a histogram, otherwise known as a bar graph, so the length of each bar represents the full price. Merely glancing at the heights of the bars shows us that the price fluctuates over time, with a low of \$1.47 and a high of \$2.52 as of April. This runny volatility is why food prices, along with energy prices, are often excluded from monetary policy analysis.
Cracking open this first concept is fairly simple, but the FRED Blog team hatched the idea of asking another question: What would the graph look like if we purchased that same carton of eggs with bitcoins instead of U.S. dollars? The graph below shows this. Because a bitcoin is worth so much more than a carton of eggs, we multiplied the price by 100 million to express it in so-called satoshis, which is the smallest subunit of bitcoin.
The price fluctuates quite a bit, between 2829 and 6086, which is much more than it did for the U.S. dollar price. Plus, you’d need to add a bitcoin transaction fee, which has been about \$2 lately, but which can spike above \$50 on occasion. Hopefully, if you were making this purchase with bitcoin, you’d put many many more eggs in your basket.
How these graphs were created: First graph: Search FRED for “price of eggs”; the series we use should appear at the top of the results. Restrict the sample period to start in January 2021. From the “Edit Graph” panel, use the “Format” tab to choose “Bar” as the graph type. Second graph: Take the first and add a series to the first line by searching for and selecting “bitcoin price” and applying formula a/b*100000000.
Suggested by Christian Zimmermann. | 433 | 1,862 | {"found_math": false, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 2.734375 | 3 | CC-MAIN-2022-27 | latest | en | 0.967025 |
https://answers.yahoo.com/activity/questions?show=964876f4d8fbbea0ae7caa8015160568aa | 1,597,048,934,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-34/segments/1596439738653.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20200810072511-20200810102511-00275.warc.gz | 202,967,501 | 26,313 | Lv 31,160 points
# liz26767
Questions66
• ### Functions general representation using real numbers. HELP!?
Let n and k represent real numbers. Use the general inputs below to prove your general statement for g(x)=4x-7 Input values are n, n+k, n+2k, n+3k, n+4k, n+5k, n+6k. How do I go about finding the output values? Any serious help would be much appreciated!
• ### As Far as I Can See: Meg’s Prairie Diary, Book 1?
Does anyone know how many chapters the book As Far as I Can See: Meg’s Prairie Diary, Book 1 is? If you could tell me the names of each chapter that would be greatly appreciated.
Thanks!
2 AnswersBooks & Authors10 years ago
• ### Children's Book - Analogy, metaphor, classification, and comparison?
I'm looking for a children's book that contains analogy, metaphor, classification, and comparison. I need something that can be used for a quick read aloud and then these elements could be discussed, any ideas?
2 AnswersPrimary & Secondary Education10 years ago
• ### Consider the following reaction at equilibrium.. help fast? thanks?
Consider the following reaction at equilibrium:
2H2(g) + S2(g) <-> 2H2S(g) + heat
In a 10.0- container, an equilibrium mixture contains 2.0g of H2 ,10. g of S2 , and 68 g of H2S.
--------------------------------
If a 5.00-L container has an equilibrium mixture of 0.30 mole of H2 and 2.5 moles of H2S, what is the equilibrium concentration of S2 if temperature is the same?
• ### Identify whether the equilibrium mixture contains mostly products or mostly reactants?
Identify whether the equilibrium mixture contains mostly products or mostly reactants:
a) NH3(aq) + HNO3(aq) <=> (NH4)+(aq) + (NO3)-(aq)
I have other problems that are similiar to this so if you could provide an explanation of how to do this I would appreciate it so I can finish the rest of my work
thanks =)
• ### What is the molarity of a 18% (m/v) NaOH solution?
What is the molarity of a 18% (m/v) NaOH solution?
• ### what is the molarity of this solution?
What is the molarity of a 18% (m/v) NaOH solution?
• ### What is the molarity of this solution?
What is the molarity of a 18% (m/v) solution?
• ### Need answer fast! (m/v) How many liters of .. to get 70g of glucose?
How many liters of a 7.5 % (m/v) glucose solution would you need to obtain 70g of glucose?
• ### How many liters of a 7.5% (m/v) glucose solution would you need to obtain 70g of glucose?
How many liters of a 7.5 % (m/v) glucose solution would you need to obtain 70g of glucose?
• ### Classifying and oxidaition-reduction?
Which of the following reactions would be classified as oxidation-reduction?
2Na(s) + Cl(subscript 2)(G) ---> 2NaCl(s)
Na(s) + CuCl(aq) ---> NaCl(aq) + Cu(s)
NaCN(aq) + CuCl(aq) ---> NaCl(aq) + CuCN(s)
i am having very little success with these.. any help?
• ### Need help with chemistry, oxidation and reduction!?
Cl2 + 2KI -> 2KCl + I2
A. Cl is oxidized, K is reduced
B. K is oxidized, Cl is reduced
C. I is oxidized, Cl is reduced
D. Cl is oxidized, I is reduced
2. Fe + CuSO4 -> FeSO4 + Cu
a. Fe is oxidized, Cu 2+ is reduced
b. S is oxidized, Fe is reduced
c. Cu is oxidized, Fe is reduced
d. SO4 is oxidized, Cu 2+ is reduced
tell me what to do? thanks :)
• ### Chemistry oxidation and reduction help needed?
Cl2 + 2KI -> 2KCl + I2
A. Cl is oxidized, K is reduced
B. K is oxidized, Cl is reduced
C. I is oxidized, Cl is reduced
D. Cl is oxidized, I is reduced
2. Fe + CuSO4 -> FeSO4 + Cu
a. Fe is oxidized, Cu 2+ is reduced
b. S is oxidized, Fe is reduced
c. Cu is oxidized, Fe is reduced
d. SO4 is oxidized, Cu 2+ is reduced
tell me what to do? thanks :)
• ### It can be shown that all solutions of approach a limit as t → ∞ . Find the limiting value?
It can be shown that all solutions of 6y'+ty=9 approach a limit as t → ∞ . Find the limiting value
• ### Density values how many liters of ethanol contain 1.0 alcohol?
How many liters of ethanol contain 1.0 of alcohol?
ethyl alcohol density=0.79
• ### balance scale spools, thimbles and buttons?
on a balance scale, two spools and one thimble balance eight buttons. Also, one spool balances one thimble and one button. How many buttons will balance one spool?
i'm thinking the answer is 3 but i need help getting there and through the steps. thanks!
• ### urine infection and coffee ground vomiting?
my grandfather, will be 88 september, was taken to the hospital because he had vomited blood, it looked like coffee ground, I know this is never a good sign hence the reason he was taken to the ER. They ran tests on him and all that they found was a urine infection. I have never heard of a urine infection causing something that like, could they be missing something? Our intential thoughts were possibly cancer, but they said none of the tests indicated it.
• ### Airport hold airline seats?
So I am trying to book a United Flight and when I look for seats it said "Seats are not available to be selected at this time. You may reserve your seats at check-in." I called and the receptionist said that the airport (not airline) was holding the seats on the airplane and they would not be available to reserve until check-in but tickets are still being sold. Does anyone have any information about this? I have never heard of an airport holding seats on an airline. Is this just a "you'll be on stand-by thing"? This is a 757, it is a large airplane, how are they holding ALL of these flights? | 1,460 | 5,443 | {"found_math": false, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 3.375 | 3 | CC-MAIN-2020-34 | latest | en | 0.879996 |
https://www.mathhomeworkanswers.org/12758/find-the-x-intercepts-of-the-graph-of-f-x-ln-x-1-sin-2-x?show=252561 | 1,558,290,241,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-22/segments/1558232255092.55/warc/CC-MAIN-20190519181530-20190519203530-00399.warc.gz | 873,408,491 | 12,244 | 0 is less than or equal to x which is less than or equal to 3
The x intercepts are when ln(1+x)=sin²x. One obvious solution is x=0. There are two other zeroes in the given range. The graph of the function shows that x=1 and x=1.7 are close to the zeroes. Newton’s Method can be used to find these. First we need to differentiate the function: f'(x)=1/(1+x)-2sin(x)cos(x)=1/(1+x)-sin(2x). The iterative equation is x=x-(ln(x)-sin²x)/(1/(1+x)-sin(2x)). If we put x=1 into the right-hand side we get x=1-(0-sin²(1))/(1/2-sin(2))=0.9635.... We then resubmit x with this value and repeat the process until we get a consistent result. We get 0.9643632012 to 10 decimal places.
Now we start with x=1.7. We get x=1.683885012 to 9 decimal places.
by Top Rated User (639k points) | 249 | 772 | {"found_math": false, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 3.9375 | 4 | CC-MAIN-2019-22 | latest | en | 0.812559 |
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TOPICS This page: algebra Search Dr. Math See also the Dr. Math FAQ: order of operations Internet Library: basic algebra T2T FAQ: algebra help MIDDLE SCHOOL About Math Algebra equations factoring expressions graphing equations Arithmetic division exponents factorials factoring numbers fractions/percents logarithms Definitions Geometry 2-dimensional conic sections/ circles triangles/polygons 3D and higher polyhedra History/Biography Logic Measurement calendars/ dates/time temperature terms/units Number Sense factoring numbers negative numbers pi prime numbers square roots Probability Puzzles Ratio/Proportion Statistics Word Problems Browse Middle School Algebra Stars indicate particularly interesting answers or good places to begin browsing. Selected answers to common questions: Direct and indirect variation. Inequalities and negative numbers. Positive/negative integer rules. Solving simple linear equations. Magic Triangle Sums [02/04/2003] Find 6 consecutive odd numbers such that their magic triangle sum is 25. Find 6 consecutive numbers such their magic triangle sum is 4. Magic Wheel [03/20/2002] Given a wheel with 16 spokes and a hub, enter the whole numbers 1-17 in the hub and at the end of spokes. The sums of the 3 numbers along the spokes must be equal. Making the Grade [04/13/2001] After three tests, Amanda's average score is 88. What grade does she need on her next test to score a four-test average of 90? Man Crossing a Bridge [09/27/2001] A man is jogging across a bridge at 8 mph. When he is 3/8 of the way across... Mapping Functions in the Real World [3/20/1995] What is the purpose of learning to map a function? What is it used for in the real world? Marble Collection Fraction Problem [9/9/1996] 3/4 of Tim's marble collection is the same size as 3/5 of Danny's collection... Math and Music: Harmonic Series [01/09/1998] Could you supply me with information on how math relates to music? Math with Parentheses [3/10/1995] Is there an easier way to do math with parenthesis? Matrix [4/11/1996] What is a matrix? Maximum Number of Intersections of n Distinct Lines [10/07/1998] Find a pattern for the maximum number of intersections of n lines, where n is greater than or equal to 2. Meaning of Greater Than, Less Than Symbols [11/07/2002] Does the meaning of less than and greater than signs depend on location? Meaning of Term in Algebra [09/16/2007] Why is it that when you multiply or divide two numbers or variables they become one term (such as 2*x becoming 2x), but when you add or subtract two numbers or variables they are still two terms (such as 2 + x)? Measuring the Length of a Moving Train [08/12/2003] I was driving in the opposite direction from a moving train that had many cars behind the locomotive. It took me approximately 2-3 minutes from the time my car 'met' the front of the train until it passed me going the opposite direction. My speed was about 40 miles an hour. Is it possible to estimate the length of this moving train without actually measuring when it is not moving? Minding the Gaps of Picket Fencing [03/17/2012] Landscaping a fence leads to fractional pickets and frustration. After diagramming a bird's eye view of a model fence line, Doctor Peterson applies some algebra to the key insight: in a straight run of fencing, the spaces between the pickets outnumber the pickets by one. Mixed Operations [04/08/1997] When calculating 839-319+200/20x15, I got 540. But, should I have first multiplied...? Mixing Peanuts and Cashews [11/19/1999] Peanuts sell for \$3.00 per pound. Cashews sell for \$6.00 per pound. How many pounds of cashews should be mixed with 12 pounds of peanuts to obtain a mixture that sells for \$4.20 per pound? Mixture Problem [11/11/1997] How much pure antifreeze should be added to 3 gallons of a 30 percent antifreeze solution to get 65 percent antifreeze? Monetary Conversions [01/27/2001] Given these monetary exchanges: 2 coconuts = 1 banana; 3 bananas = 2 mangos; 4 papaya = 1 coconut, what is the exchange for banana to papaya and for papaya to mango? Monomial, Polynomials [11/14/1997] What is a monomial? Monomials, Polynomials [03/02/2001] Can you explain monomials and polynomials to me? More Variables Than Equations in a System [01/21/2002] I have a problem that uses four variables but only two equations to relate them. I don't seem to have enough information to figure out the value of each variable or answer the question. Can you help? Mother's Age in Terms of Daughter's [06/27/2001] The sum of the ages of a father, a mother, and a daughter is 73. When the father is twice as old as the daughter, the sum of their two ages will be 132... Mowing Half a Lawn [03/31/2002] Chris and Lee are each responsible for mowing half of their 50-foot by 90-foot rectangular back yard... Mr. Brown's Walk [09/09/1997] One day Mr. Brown took the 4:00 p.m. train, arrived at the station one hour early, and started walking home... How long did Mr. Brown walk? A Mule and a Donkey [04/08/1999] A famous Euclidean brainteaser. Multiplication and Division Equations [11/29/2001] Solve for x: 17x = 85. Multiplying/Adding Fractions Gives Same Answer [03/01/2002] Find two fractions which, when multiplied and added, give the same answer. Multiplying a Fraction by a Variable [08/17/2006] How do I find the product of something like (1/3) times 'a'? Multiplying and Dividing Fractions [8/18/1996] Three hard problems, illustrated. Multiplying Binomials and Other Polynomials [04/16/2004] I have a hard time multiplying binomials properly, such as (2x + 5)(x + 7). I do not know what order the problem should be solved in. Multiplying or Dividing by a Negative Number [04/08/1999] When x(x-4) is less than 0... Multiplying Polynomials [2/10/1996] How do you multiply polynomials? Names of Polynomials [05/22/1999] Why is an equation having only two roots, one of which is raised to the second power, called a quadratic equation? Natural Domain of a Function [03/12/1999] Some inputs don't make sense for some functions. Negative Exponents [10/23/1996] I have to simplify this expression with non-negative exponents: x^5. Negative Numbers Combined with Exponentials [03/09/2001] Why in the order of operations is negation a multiplication done after exponentiation, rather than as a part of the base? What about polynomials? Negatives and Inequalities [09/10/1998] Why when we multiply or divide an inequality by a negative number do we reverse the inequality sign? Negatives in Absolute Value Expressions and Equations [10/15/2005] How do I solve an equation like |x - 3| - 4 = 0? How do I evaluate absolute value expressions with negatives, like |-7 - 3|? Negative Squared, or Squared Negative? [10/18/2002] In -3^2, isn't -3 actually a number, and not -1*3? If so, then shouldn't the value be -3*-3=9? Nested Negative Exponents [8/2/1996] How do I deal with nested negative exponents? Page: []
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If-else Statement in C Programming
We can use if-else statement in c programming so that we can check any condition and depending on the outcome of the condition we can follow appropriate path. We have true path as well as false path.
Syntax :
```if(expression)
{
statement1;
statement2;
}
else
{
statement1;
statement2;
}
next_statement;```
Explanation :
• If expression is True then Statement1 and Statement2 are executed
• Otherwise Statement3 and Statement4 are executed.
Sample Program on if-else Statement :
```void main()
{
int marks=50;
if(marks>=40)
{
printf("Student is Pass");
}
else
{
printf("Student is Fail");
}
}```
Output :
`Student is Pass`
Consider Example 1 with Explanation :
Consider Following Example –
```int num = 20;
if(num == 20)
{
printf("True Block");
}
else
{
printf("False Block");
}
```
If part Executed if Condition Statement is True.
```if(num == 20)
{
printf("True Block");
}
```
True Block will be executed if condition is True.
Else Part executed if Condition Statement is False.
```else
{
printf("False Block");
}
```
Consider Example 2 with Explanation :
More than One Conditions can be Written inside If statement.
```int num1 = 20;
int num2 = 40;
if(num1 == 20 && num2 == 40)
{
printf("True Block");
}
```
Opening and Closing Braces are required only when “Code” after if statement occupies multiple lines. Code will be executed if condition statement is True. Non-Zero Number Inside if means “TRUE Condition”
If-Else Statement :
```if(conditional)
{
//True code
}
else
{
//False code
}
```
Note :
Consider Following Example –
```int num = 20;
if(num == 20)
{
printf("True Block");
}
else
{
printf("False Block");
}
```
```if(num == 20)
{
printf("True Block");
}
```
True Block will be executed if condition is True.
```else
{
printf("False Block");
}
```
```int num1 = 20;
int num2 = 40;
if(num1 == 20 && num2 == 40)
{
printf("True Block");
}
```
1. If part Executed if Condition Statement is True.
2. Else Part executed if Condition Statement is False.
3. More than One Conditions can be Written inside If statement.
4. Opening and Closing Braces are required only when “Code” after if statement occupies multiple lines.
5. Code will be executed if condition statement is True.
6. Non-Zero Number Inside if means “TRUE Condition” | 603 | 2,416 | {"found_math": false, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 2.5625 | 3 | CC-MAIN-2019-35 | latest | en | 0.692411 |
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayesian_Knowledge_Tracing | 1,675,036,888,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499768.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20230129211612-20230130001612-00007.warc.gz | 263,540,686 | 15,329 | Bayesian Knowledge Tracing
Bayesian Knowledge Tracing is an algorithm used in many intelligent tutoring systems to model each learner's mastery of the knowledge being tutored.
It models student knowledge in a Hidden Markov Model as a latent variable, updated by observing the correctness of each student's interaction in which they apply the skill in question.[1]
BKT assumes that student knowledge is represented as a set of binary variables, one per skill, where the skill is either mastered by the student or not. Observations in BKT are also binary: a student gets a problem/step either right or wrong. Intelligent tutoring systems often use BKT for mastery learning and problem sequencing. In its most common implementation, BKT has only skill-specific parameters.[2]
Method
There are 4 model parameters used in BKT:
• ${\displaystyle p(L_{0})}$ or ${\displaystyle p}$ -${\displaystyle init}$ , the probability of the student knowing the skill beforehand.
• ${\displaystyle p(T)}$ or ${\displaystyle p}$ -${\displaystyle transit}$ , the probability of the student demonstrating knowledge of the skill after an opportunity to apply it
• ${\displaystyle p(S)}$ or ${\displaystyle p}$ -${\displaystyle slip}$ , the probability the student makes a mistake when applying a known skill
• ${\displaystyle p(G)}$ or ${\displaystyle p}$ -${\displaystyle guess}$ , the probability that the student correctly applies an unknown skill (has a lucky guess)
Assuming that these parameters are set for all skills, the following formulas are used as follows: The initial probability of a student ${\displaystyle u}$ mastering skill ${\displaystyle k}$ is set to the p-init parameter for that skill equation (a). Depending on whether the student ${\displaystyle u}$ learned and applies skill ${\displaystyle k}$ correctly or incorrectly, the conditional probability is computed by using equation (b) for correct application, or by using equation (c) for incorrect application. The conditional probability is used to update the probability of skill mastery calculated by equation (d). To figure out the probability of the student correctly applying the skill on a future practice is calculated with equation (e).
Equation (a):
${\displaystyle p(L_{1})_{u}^{k}=p(L_{0})^{k}}$
Equation (b):
${\displaystyle p(L_{t}|obs=correct)_{u}^{k}={\frac {p(L_{t})_{u}^{k}\cdot (1-p(S)^{k})}{p(L_{t})_{u}^{k}\cdot (1-p(S)^{k})+(1-p(L_{t})_{u}^{k})\cdot p(G)^{k}}}}$
Equation (c):
${\displaystyle p(L_{t}|obs=wrong)_{u}^{k}={\frac {p(L_{t})_{u}^{k}\cdot p(S)^{k}}{p(L_{t})_{u}^{k}\cdot p(S)^{k}+(1-p(L_{t})_{u}^{k})\cdot (1-p(G)^{k})}}}$
Equation (d):
${\displaystyle p(L_{t+1})_{u}^{k}=p(L_{t}|obs)_{u}^{k}+(1-p(L_{t}|obs)_{u}^{k})\cdot p(T)^{k}}$
Equation (e):
${\displaystyle p(C_{t+1})_{u}^{k}=p(L_{t+1})_{u}^{k}\cdot (1-p(S)^{k})+(1-p(L_{t+1})_{u}^{k})\cdot p(G)^{k}}$
[2]
References
1. ^ Corbett, A. T.; Anderson, J. R. (1995). "Knowledge tracing: Modeling the acquisition of procedural knowledge". User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction. 4 (4): 253–278.
2. ^ a b Yudelson, M.V.; Koedinger, K.R.; Gordon, G.J. (2013). "Individualized bayesian knowledge tracing models". Artificial Intelligence in Education. | 913 | 3,216 | {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 21, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 3.203125 | 3 | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | latest | en | 0.87469 |
https://number.academy/1000793 | 1,702,336,756,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679518883.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20231211210408-20231212000408-00386.warc.gz | 485,096,230 | 12,129 | # Number 1000793 facts
The odd number 1,000,793 is spelled 🔊, and written in words: one million, seven hundred and ninety-three, approximately 1.0 million. The ordinal number 1000793rd is said 🔊 and written as: one million, seven hundred and ninety-third. The meaning of the number 1000793 in Maths: Is it Prime? Factorization and prime factors tree. The square root and cube root of 1000793. What is 1000793 in computer science, numerology, codes and images, writing and naming in other languages
## What is 1,000,793 in other units
The decimal (Arabic) number 1000793 converted to a Roman number is (M)DCCXCIII. Roman and decimal number conversions.
#### Weight conversion
1000793 kilograms (kg) = 2206348.2 pounds (lbs)
1000793 pounds (lbs) = 453956.7 kilograms (kg)
#### Length conversion
1000793 kilometers (km) equals to 621864 miles (mi).
1000793 miles (mi) equals to 1610621 kilometers (km).
1000793 meters (m) equals to 3283402 feet (ft).
1000793 feet (ft) equals 305046 meters (m).
1000793 centimeters (cm) equals to 394013.0 inches (in).
1000793 inches (in) equals to 2542014.2 centimeters (cm).
#### Temperature conversion
1000793° Fahrenheit (°F) equals to 555978.3° Celsius (°C)
1000793° Celsius (°C) equals to 1801459.4° Fahrenheit (°F)
#### Time conversion
(hours, minutes, seconds, days, weeks)
1000793 seconds equals to 1 week, 4 days, 13 hours, 59 minutes, 53 seconds
1000793 minutes equals to 2 years, 3 weeks, 1 day, 23 hours, 53 minutes
### Codes and images of the number 1000793
Number 1000793 morse code: .---- ----- ----- ----- --... ----. ...--
Sign language for number 1000793:
Number 1000793 in braille:
QR code Bar code, type 39
Images of the number Image (1) of the number Image (2) of the number More images, other sizes, codes and colors ...
## Mathematics of no. 1000793
### Multiplications
#### Multiplication table of 1000793
1000793 multiplied by two equals 2001586 (1000793 x 2 = 2001586).
1000793 multiplied by three equals 3002379 (1000793 x 3 = 3002379).
1000793 multiplied by four equals 4003172 (1000793 x 4 = 4003172).
1000793 multiplied by five equals 5003965 (1000793 x 5 = 5003965).
1000793 multiplied by six equals 6004758 (1000793 x 6 = 6004758).
1000793 multiplied by seven equals 7005551 (1000793 x 7 = 7005551).
1000793 multiplied by eight equals 8006344 (1000793 x 8 = 8006344).
1000793 multiplied by nine equals 9007137 (1000793 x 9 = 9007137).
show multiplications by 6, 7, 8, 9 ...
### Fractions: decimal fraction and common fraction
#### Fraction table of 1000793
Half of 1000793 is 500396,5 (1000793 / 2 = 500396,5 = 500396 1/2).
One third of 1000793 is 333597,6667 (1000793 / 3 = 333597,6667 = 333597 2/3).
One quarter of 1000793 is 250198,25 (1000793 / 4 = 250198,25 = 250198 1/4).
One fifth of 1000793 is 200158,6 (1000793 / 5 = 200158,6 = 200158 3/5).
One sixth of 1000793 is 166798,8333 (1000793 / 6 = 166798,8333 = 166798 5/6).
One seventh of 1000793 is 142970,4286 (1000793 / 7 = 142970,4286 = 142970 3/7).
One eighth of 1000793 is 125099,125 (1000793 / 8 = 125099,125 = 125099 1/8).
One ninth of 1000793 is 111199,2222 (1000793 / 9 = 111199,2222 = 111199 2/9).
show fractions by 6, 7, 8, 9 ...
### Calculator
1000793
### Advanced math operations
#### Is Prime?
The number 1000793 is a prime number. The closest prime numbers are 1000777, 1000829.
#### Factorization and factors (dividers)
The prime factors of 1000793
Prime numbers have no prime factors smaller than themselves.
The factors of 1000793 are 1, 1000793.
Total factors 2.
Sum of factors 1000794 (1).
#### Prime factor tree
1000793 is a prime number.
#### Powers
The second power of 10007932 is 1.001.586.628.849.
The third power of 10007933 is 1.002.380.887.045.677.312.
#### Roots
The square root √1000793 is 1000,396421.
The cube root of 31000793 is 100,026426.
#### Logarithms
The natural logarithm of No. ln 1000793 = loge 1000793 = 13,816303.
The logarithm to base 10 of No. log10 1000793 = 6,000344.
The Napierian logarithm of No. log1/e 1000793 = -13,816303.
### Trigonometric functions
The cosine of 1000793 is 0,572629.
The sine of 1000793 is 0,819815.
The tangent of 1000793 is 1,431668.
### Properties of the number 1000793
Is a Fibonacci number: No
Is a Bell number: No
Is a palindromic number: No
Is a pentagonal number: No
Is a perfect number: No
## Number 1000793 in Computer Science
Code typeCode value
1000793 Number of bytes977.3KB
Unix timeUnix time 1000793 is equal to Monday Jan. 12, 1970, 1:59:53 p.m. GMT
IPv4, IPv6Number 1000793 internet address in dotted format v4 0.15.69.89, v6 ::f:4559
1000793 Decimal = 11110100010101011001 Binary
1000793 Decimal = 1212211211102 Ternary
1000793 Decimal = 3642531 Octal
1000793 Decimal = F4559 Hexadecimal (0xf4559 hex)
1000793 BASE64MTAwMDc5Mw==
1000793 MD50c240064a224dedb327520860aa9a261
1000793 SHA188fe948e325b57c2ac0d10c30244863f26e3b3f8
1000793 SHA224eb4a5fd6eeb32fcecf37677478a9d797af24a96b6844398aa0ef103b
1000793 SHA25630473cbe34e810e680d313f68f85889c94876763a7b680dcbe63fee051eabc3e
1000793 SHA384e74e780a264dd61c09bf6bbe929079fc6cddae9456fcc04154762fe4e19f3bc4442435933f0e939fd1dd846a3aba1aae
More SHA codes related to the number 1000793 ...
If you know something interesting about the 1000793 number that you did not find on this page, do not hesitate to write us here.
## Numerology 1000793
### Character frequency in the number 1000793
Character (importance) frequency for numerology.
Character: Frequency: 1 1 0 3 7 1 9 1 3 1
### Classical numerology
According to classical numerology, to know what each number means, you have to reduce it to a single figure, with the number 1000793, the numbers 1+0+0+0+7+9+3 = 2+0 = 2 are added and the meaning of the number 2 is sought.
## № 1,000,793 in other languages
How to say or write the number one million, seven hundred and ninety-three in Spanish, German, French and other languages. The character used as the thousands separator.
Spanish: 🔊 (número 1.000.793) un millón setecientos noventa y tres German: 🔊 (Nummer 1.000.793) eine Million siebenhundertdreiundneunzig French: 🔊 (nombre 1 000 793) un million sept cent quatre-vingt-treize Portuguese: 🔊 (número 1 000 793) um milhão, setecentos e noventa e três Hindi: 🔊 (संख्या 1 000 793) दस लाख, सात सौ, तिरानवे Chinese: 🔊 (数 1 000 793) 一百万零七百九十三 Arabian: 🔊 (عدد 1,000,793) واحد مليون و سبعمائةثلاثة و تسعون Czech: 🔊 (číslo 1 000 793) milion sedmset devadesát tři Korean: 🔊 (번호 1,000,793) 백만 칠백구십삼 Dutch: 🔊 (nummer 1 000 793) een miljoen zevenhonderddrieënnegentig Japanese: 🔊 (数 1,000,793) 百万七百九十三 Indonesian: 🔊 (jumlah 1.000.793) satu juta tujuh ratus sembilan puluh tiga Italian: 🔊 (numero 1 000 793) un milione e settecentonovantatré Norwegian: 🔊 (nummer 1 000 793) en million, syv hundre og nitti-tre Polish: 🔊 (liczba 1 000 793) milion siedemset dziewięćdziesiąt trzy Russian: 🔊 (номер 1 000 793) один миллион семьсот девяносто три Turkish: 🔊 (numara 1,000,793) birmilyonyediyüzdoksanüç Thai: 🔊 (จำนวน 1 000 793) หนึ่งล้านเจ็ดร้อยเก้าสิบสาม Ukrainian: 🔊 (номер 1 000 793) один мільйон сімсот дев'яносто три Vietnamese: 🔊 (con số 1.000.793) một triệu bảy trăm chín mươi ba Other languages ...
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## Frequently asked questions about the number 1000793
• ### Is 1000793 prime and why?
The number 1000793 is a prime number because its divisors are: 1, 1000793.
• ### How do you write the number 1000793 in words?
1000793 can be written as "one million, seven hundred and ninety-three". | 2,766 | 8,146 | {"found_math": false, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 2.828125 | 3 | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | latest | en | 0.657073 |
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# LESSON
PLAN
## DATE: March 10, 2016
SUBJECT: Mathematics
CLASS: Kindergarten
DURATION: 45 minutes
SCHOOL: Mountainview
ADAPTATIONS Allow one of the students to sit in front on the place mat
(specifically in the green corner if needed) when explaining the
activity instructions. Remind the student to sit down correctly as
many times as possible so that all the students may see. The
student will most likely not sit correctly, be bouncing or looking
around the classroom. As long as he is not interrupting the
lesson and the rest of the students and that he is sitting quietly, it
is okay for this student to not always be looking forward if I know
that he is listening and understands the instructions and
expectations. The student has a small yellow stress ball that he
may manipulate when working or sitting down. He is allowed to
have it with him at all times as long as he is listening and staying
By the end of this lesson students will:
OBJECTIVES
Learn a new vocabulary word estimate
(CURRICULUM
Make comparisons between the size of their feet and a
DOMAIN)
Triceratops foot
Use critical thinking in order to guess(estimate) how many
kindergarteners feet fit in one Triceratops foot
Use critical thinking in order to guess(estimate) a
reasonable number of feet they think fits in the Triceratops
foot
Compare the sizes of feet of different dinosaurs
## GROUP SIZE Group size: 19 students
& MATERIALS
Materials:
Triceratops foot
Individual triceratops foot handout for estimating
Colored construction paper
Scissors
Glue
Smartboard
PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCIES
Competency 2: To communicate clearly in the language of instruction, both
orally and in writing, using correct grammar, in various contexts related to
teaching.
-The activity instructions and expectations will be given in English. Also a new
vocabulary word, estimate, will be introduced in the lesson.
Competency 3: To develop teaching/learning situations that are appropriate
to the students concerned and the subject content with a view to
developing the competencies targeted in the programs of study.
-This activity is directly related to the dinosaur theme that we are following in
class. I will also provide and review information about the Triceratops.
Competency 4: To pilot teaching/learning situations that are appropriate to
the students concerned and to the subject content with a view to
developing the competencies targeted in the programs of study.
-The students will make connections to their own feet by and comparing their foot
size with a triceratops foot size.
Competency 5: To evaluate student progress in learning the subject
content and mastering the related competencies.
-The teacher will be evaluating the students critical thinking and judgment when
completing the handout and to see if their estimate is reasonable to the activity
and space needed to be filled in the triceratops foot.
Competency 6: To plan, organize and supervise a class in such a way as to
promote students learning and social development.
-I will make sure that the students are on task and staying on time. Remind the
students that they should be cutting away from themselves, write their name, and
using the writing lines appropriately.
Competency 7: To adapt his or her teaching to the needs and
characteristics of students with learning disabilities, social maladjustments
or handicaps.
-I will provide the steps of the activities in small chunks rather than giving them all
at once so that the students stay on task and know what they should be doing.
This will facilitate the working methods and be more effective for the students
learning. We will focus on one step at a time.
Competency 8 :To integrate information and communications technologies
(ICT) in the preparation and delivery of teaching/learning activities and for
instructional management and professional development purposes.
-I will be using the smartboard to show all the foot prints of different dinosaurs
and also to have a timer to pace the students while they are working.
KINDERGARTEN COMPETENCIES
Competency 1: To perform sensorimotor actions effectively in different
contexts
-The students will need to draw, write, cut and glue to complete the activity.
Competency 5: To construct his/her understanding of the world
-The students will make connections to their lives by comparing their foot size
with a triceratops foot size.
Competency 6: To complete an activity or project
-The students will first complete a handout and then as a class they will
participate in an activity to see how many kindergarteners feet actually fit in only
one Triceratops foot.
CROSS CURRICULAR COMPETENCIES
To exercise critical judgment
-The student must be critical with their estimates when completing the handout.
They should not estimate that only four childrens feet are equal to the
Triceratops foot if we put the teachers two feet in already and there is still a lot of
space to be covered.
Communicates effectively
-The students may ask questions and use the appropriate wording when asking
questions. Try to make the students use the new word they learnt, estimate
TIME
LESSON
Introduction
5
Start the lesson with a brief discussion on Triceratops.
characteristics this is just to review before starting the activity.
10
Explain to the students that today we will be discussing dinosaur feet.
minutes We will be comparing our feet to the dinosaur feet.
Show samples of dinosaurs and their foot prints on the smartboard
Have a short discussion on the various types of foot marks and how
TIME
LESSON
they are different.
Explain that today we will be focusing on Triceratops feet.
*Turn off the smartboard to avoid any distractions.
Bring the focus back on the teacher and show the size of a triceratops
foot.
*Have cut outs of kindergarteners feet ready to model the activity
Explain to the students that a Triceratops foot is 1 square meter.
*Have a meter stick to show them what a meter is.
Have one student come up to the front and measure them with the
meter stick. See if they measure a meter so that they can compare their
height to the size of a Triceratops foot.
Explain to the students that we will be estimating how many of our feet
fit into ones Triceratops foot.
Ask the student: Have you ever heard the word estimate? If so, what
do you think it means?
Explain to the students after the short discussion that estimate means to
guess or think very carefully.
For this activity tell the students that they need to try and guess how
many kindergarteners feet fit into one triceratops foot. Explain that they
may not choose any random number. This number must make sense so
they have to think of what number they want to choose before.
Remind them to think of a number in their heads.
Let them know that it cannot be a small number since the foot is very
big compared to the feet glued on the Triceratops foot.
10
minutes Development
Explain step one of the activity to the students
Step one: you will explain to the student that they will be completing a
handout. On this handout they must write their name and number using
the lines provided to write their estimate. Once they have written their
name and number, they must draw how many childrens feet it will take
TIME
10
minutes
LESSON
to fill up the Triceratops foot. The number they wrote must match the
number of feet they drew. (When explaining the handout point to the
students what they should be doing, show them the lines where their
name should be and where the number should be: Model)
Turn the smartboard back on
Set a timer so that all the students complete at the same time (Set a ten
minute timer on the smartboard)
5
Once all the students have completed their handout, explain step two
minutes and three to the students.
Step 2: The students willbring their work to the teacher. Once the
teacher has checked their work, the teacher will give them a colored
sheet of construction paper and they will be need to trace their foot size
onto that sheet. Explain to the students that they must trace two feet
because we have two feet. Once they have traced their feet they will cut
them out. They must write their name on each foot so we can identify
which feet belong to whom.
After explaining this step ask them one table at a time to come and
hand in their paper and pick a color of construction paper for their feet.
Step 3: Come and glue their feet onto the Triceratops foot template
*If the student is done tracing and cutting out their feet they may come
to glue their feet on the triceratops foot which will be on the floor beside
the mats. (The teacher will be beside the triceratops foot to make sure
the students are gluing their feet in the correct places so that no space
is empty)
Once the students are done ask them to come sit down quietly on the
mat.
Step 4: Sit down on the mat as a class
*While the students are cutting and gluing their feet, the teacher must
2
create a graph of all the estimates and results of the students on a big
minutes poster.
Conclusion
5
minutes Step 5: As a class, look at the graph made by the teacher with all the
TIME
LESSON
students estimates
Have a short discussion on the graph.
Step 6: Hold the triceratops foot in the air so that all students can see it
and tell the students Lets see if we were right and how many feet fit
(count the feet. If there is still place left have extra cut outs to see how
many more would fit and count them all.)
On the poster with the graph have a small blank space where the
teacher can write the actual amount of feet that fit into the Triceratops
foot to compare the students estimates to the final result.
Assessment
Make sure the students have the same number of feet drawn and
written in the Triceratops foot handout. Also, make sure that their
estimates are reasonable. There cant be only four feet that fit if my two
feet are only taking up a small space compared to the whole Triceratops
foot. To do so, they must use their critical thinking and judgment. | 2,245 | 10,008 | {"found_math": false, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 2.890625 | 3 | CC-MAIN-2019-35 | latest | en | 0.908122 |
http://lists.gnu.org/archive/html/igraph-help/2011-03/msg00123.html | 1,516,188,471,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-05/segments/1516084886895.18/warc/CC-MAIN-20180117102533-20180117122533-00131.warc.gz | 212,724,081 | 4,233 | igraph-help
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## [igraph] R igraph 0.6 crashing on assortativity.nominal
From: Marcel Salathé Subject: [igraph] R igraph 0.6 crashing on assortativity.nominal Date: Mon, 28 Mar 2011 16:55:46 -0400
```Hi
I run into problems with assortativity calculations. When using
assortativity.nominal on a directed graph, it crashes (segfault).
Here's an example code that reproduces the behavior on my system (R version
2.12.2 (2011-02-25), Platform: x86_64-apple-darwin9.8.0/x86_64 (64-bit), igraph
0.6 downloaded today):
library(igraph)
toy = graph.formula(1-+2, 1-+3, 2-+1, 2-+3, 2-+4, 3-+2, 4-+5, 5-+2)
V(toy)\$prop = c(-1,-1,0,1,1)
assortativity.nominal(toy,types=V(toy)\$prop)
It seems to calculate and return a value but then crashes immediately. Because
of the segfault, I'm not sure I trust the result though....
Here's the output:
> assortativity.nominal(toy,types=V(toy)\$prop)
[1] 0.06666667
*** caught segfault ***
address 0x0, cause 'unknown'
Possible actions:
1: abort (with core dump, if enabled)
2: normal R exit
3: exit R without saving workspace
4: exit R saving workspace
[1] 0.06666667
*** caught segfault ***
address 0x0, cause 'unknown'
Possible actions:
1: abort (with core dump, if enabled)
2: normal R exit
3: exit R without saving workspace
4: exit R saving workspace
*** caught segfault ***
address 0x0, cause 'unknown'
Possible actions:
1: abort (with core dump, if enabled)
2: normal R exit
3: exit R without saving workspace
4: exit R saving workspace
Selection:
Selection:
Thanks
Marcel
On Mar 28, 2011, at 3:01 PM, Gábor Csárdi wrote:
> This is not very surprising, if you compile it for x86_64, then it
> works only on x86_64. Compile it for i386 as well, and place it in
> another R package directory. Another option is to create a fat binary,
> that contains both the x86_64 and the i386 versions. I don't know how
> to do that, but most probably it is covered in the R OS X guide.
>
> Best,
> Gabor
>
> On Mon, Mar 28, 2011 at 1:13 PM, Marcel Salathé
> <address@hidden> wrote:
>> Compiling works now. However, library can only be loaded in 64-bit version
>> of R (Platform: x86_64-apple-darwin9.8.0/x86_64 (64-bit)).
>>
>> On regular 32 bit version (Platform: i386-apple-darwin9.8.0/i386 (32-bit)),
>> I get
>>
>> Error: package 'igraph' is not installed for 'arch=i386'
>>
>> Thanks,
>> Marcel
>>
>> PS: I'm using R 2.12.2
>>
>>
>>
>>
>> On Mar 28, 2011, at 12:02 PM, Gábor Csárdi wrote:
>>
>>> Oh, this is the R package, sorry, I just noticed the 'R' in the
>>> subject. This is a bug in the nightly bug service, the package
>>> contains some extra files that should not be there. I have uploaded a
>>> new nightly build that should fix this problem. Let me know if it does
>>> not.
>>>
>>> Best,
>>> Gabor
>>>
>>> On Mon, Mar 28, 2011 at 10:22 AM, Marcel Salathé
>>> <address@hidden> wrote:
>>>> Hi Gabor
>>>>
>>>> I've just ran into the exact same problem as Przemyslaw.
>>>>
>>>> I'm on Mac OS X 10.6.6, and I've been trying to install
>>>> igraph_nightly_0.6-2410-20110324.tar.gz which I downloaded an hour ago
>>>> from http://code.google.com/p/igraph/downloads/list
>>>>
>>>> The error I get is
>>>> dnaupd.c:450: error: conflicting types for ‘igraphdnaupd_’
>>>> igraph_arpack_internal.h:147: error: previous declaration of
>>>> ‘igraphdnaupd_’ was here
>>>> make: *** [dnaupd.o] Error 1
>>>> ERROR: compilation failed for package ‘igraph’
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> Best,
>>>> Marcel
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> On Mar 25, 2011, at 7:21 PM, Gábor Csárdi wrote:
>>>>
>>>>> Przemyslaw,
>>>>>
>>>>> then please tell us about your platform and configuration because it
>>>>> works fine for me.
>>>>>
>>>>> Best,
>>>>> Gabor
>>>>>
>>>>> On Fri, Mar 25, 2011 at 7:02 PM, Przemek Grabowicz
>>>>> <address@hidden> wrote:
>>>>>> Hi Gabor,
>>>>>>
>>>>>> In the newest development version from code.google.com this problem is
>>>>>> still
>>>>>> present.
>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>> Przemyslaw Grabowicz.
>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>> On 03/25/2011 01:45 PM, Gábor Csárdi wrote:
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Hi,
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> I can't recall the exact reason, but this has been fixed.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> Best,
>>>>>>> Gabor
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> On Fri, Mar 25, 2011 at 11:23 AM, Przemek Grabowicz
>>>>>>> <address@hidden> wrote:
>>>>>>
>>>>>> _______________________________________________
>>>>>> igraph-help mailing list
>>>>>> address@hidden
>>>>>> http://lists.nongnu.org/mailman/listinfo/igraph-help
>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>> --
>>>>> Gabor Csardi <address@hidden> MTA KFKI RMKI
>>>>>
>>>>> _______________________________________________
>>>>> igraph-help mailing list
>>>>> address@hidden
>>>>> http://lists.nongnu.org/mailman/listinfo/igraph-help
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> _______________________________________________
>>>> igraph-help mailing list
>>>> address@hidden
>>>> http://lists.nongnu.org/mailman/listinfo/igraph-help
>>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> --
>>> Gabor Csardi <address@hidden> MTA KFKI RMKI
>>
>>
>> _______________________________________________
>> igraph-help mailing list
>> address@hidden
>> http://lists.nongnu.org/mailman/listinfo/igraph-help
>>
>
>
>
> --
> Gabor Csardi <address@hidden> MTA KFKI RMKI
```
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[Prev in Thread] Current Thread [Next in Thread] | 1,616 | 5,301 | {"found_math": false, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 2.515625 | 3 | CC-MAIN-2018-05 | longest | en | 0.807839 |
https://stats.stackexchange.com/questions/181331/balanced-accuracy-for-decisions-trees-with-unbalanced-data | 1,652,927,954,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-21/segments/1652662522741.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20220519010618-20220519040618-00742.warc.gz | 606,665,651 | 65,636 | # Balanced accuracy for decisions trees with unbalanced data
I have a question concerning decision trees and unbalanced data. My dependent variable accounts for around 2% of the entire dataset and is binary (0 or 1). Here are the steps I follow:
Note that I'm both interested in identifying the relevant variables and predictive power.
1) I balance data to have a 50/50 split (as advised in this post Training a decision tree against unbalanced data)
2) I run my tree in R on the training dataset
3) I predict the validation dataset
4) I compute the balanced accuracy (again, as advised in the above post)
This is where I'm confused, my balanced accuracy is 0.75 (vs 0.65 accuracy), but still way below the no information rate of 0.98. Does this mean my model is bad? What should I do/compare to at this point?
EDIT: I have to compare the balanced accuracy of my model to the balanced accuracy of the "non-information" model, which is going to be 0.5 all the time (as the formula is (0.5*TP)/(TP+FN)+(0.5*TN)/(TN+FP), so if you classifies everything as positive or negative, results will always be 0.5).
Let me know if I'm mistaken.
• what is your balanced accuracy of the no information model? (it isn't 0.98) Nov 12, 2015 at 0:21
• That is a very good point, it didn't occur to me I indeed have to compare it to the balanced accuracy of the no information model, and not the accuracy. Thank you !
– user94824
Nov 12, 2015 at 16:10
• Actually, now that I had time to work on this, how do you get the "no information model" balanced accuracy, knowing that balanced accuracy is defined by the formula (0.5*TP)/(TP+FN)+(0.5*TN)/(TN+FP), in that case it would be 0.5, since it would classify everything as negative (or positive)?
– user94824
Nov 18, 2015 at 22:10
• yes. that is how I would calculate it - giving result of 0.5 Nov 19, 2015 at 11:23 | 498 | 1,855 | {"found_math": false, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 3.109375 | 3 | CC-MAIN-2022-21 | latest | en | 0.954632 |
https://www.mathcelebrity.com/community/threads/if-a-universal-set-contains-250-elements-n-a-90-n-b-125-and-n-a-%E2%88%A9-b-35-find-n-a-%E2%88%AA-b.3394/ | 1,685,587,088,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224647525.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20230601010402-20230601040402-00793.warc.gz | 964,733,122 | 9,176 | # If a universal set contains 250 elements, n(A) = 90, n(B) = 125, and n(A ∩ B) = 35, find n(A ∪ B)'.
Discussion in 'Calculator Requests' started by math_celebrity, Oct 19, 2020.
Tags:
If a universal set contains 250 elements, n(A) = 90, n(B) = 125, and n(A ∩ B) = 35, find n(A ∪ B)'.
We know from set theory that:
n(A U B) = n(A) + n(B) - n(A ∩ B)
Plugging in our given values, we get:
n(A U B) = 90 + 125 - 35
n(A U B) = 180
The problem asks for n(A U B)'. This formula is found with:
n(A U B)' = n(U) - n(A U B)
n(U) is the universal set which is 250, so we have:
n(A U B)' = 250 - 180
n(A U B)' = 70 | 238 | 610 | {"found_math": false, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 3.6875 | 4 | CC-MAIN-2023-23 | longest | en | 0.765167 |
https://oneconvert.com/unit-converters/power-converter/horsepower-electric-to-picowatt | 1,716,512,000,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-22/segments/1715971058675.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20240523235012-20240524025012-00345.warc.gz | 389,022,694 | 27,838 | Convert horsepower (electric) to picowatt
How to Convert horsepower (electric) to picowatt
To convert horsepower (electric) to picowatt , the formula is used,
$P=H×745699872000000$
where the horsepower (electric) to pW value is substituted to get the answer from Power Converter.
1 horsepower (electric)
=
74600e+10 pW
1 pW
=
1.3405e-15 horsepower (electric)
Example: convert 15 horsepower (electric) to pW:
15 horsepower (electric)
=
15
x
74600e+10 pW
=
11190e+12 pW
horsepower (electric) to picowatt Conversion Table
horsepower (electric) picowatt (pW)
0.01 horsepower (electric) 7460000000e+3 pW
0.1 horsepower (electric) 7460000000e+4 pW
1 horsepower (electric) 7460000000e+5 pW
2 horsepower (electric) 1492000000e+6 pW
3 horsepower (electric) 2238000000e+6 pW
5 horsepower (electric) 3730000000e+6 pW
10 horsepower (electric) 7460000000e+6 pW
20 horsepower (electric) 1492000000e+7 pW
50 horsepower (electric) 3730000000e+7 pW
100 horsepower (electric) 7460000000e+7 pW
1000 horsepower (electric) 7460000000e+8 pW
Popular Unit Conversions Power
The most used and popular units of power conversions are presented for quick and free access. | 368 | 1,149 | {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 1, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 2.6875 | 3 | CC-MAIN-2024-22 | latest | en | 0.616594 |
https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/excel/formula-is-not-functioning/td-p/3709155 | 1,719,119,448,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-26/segments/1718198862430.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20240623033236-20240623063236-00770.warc.gz | 502,123,518 | 62,154 | # Formula is not functioning
Copper Contributor
# Formula is not functioning
Hi all,
Below mentioned formula is not functioning in 2023 in my tracker, but when I change the system date to 2022 then it works, please support to fix this error.
=IF(MONTH(AB38)=MONTH(TODAY()-1),1,IF(MONTH(AO38)=MONTH(TODAY()-1),1,IF(MONTH(AL38)=MONTH(TODAY()-1),1,0)))
12 Replies
# Re: Formula is not functioning
What do you want the formula to do? It currently returns 1 if at least one of the dates in AB38, AO38 and AL38 is in the same month as yesterday, 0 otherwise.
# Re: Formula is not functioning
Thank you for the reply, as you mentioned, formula has to return to 1 if at least one of the dates change to current month in the following sells AO38 and AL38, otherwise it has to remain 0.
Below clarification is for your further reference.
Order submitted date will be mentioned in the following sell AB38
Appointment date will be mentioned in the following sell AO38
Order completed date will be mentioned in the following sell AL38
If the order submitted in the last week of the month and if the appointment booked for the 1st week of the next month then this record has to be filtered if I select 1.
If I am generating the report for all the orders which have been completed for this month, it has to include the order submissions from this month as well as from the previous month.
It was functioning well, but starting from 1st January 2023 it is not functioning.
=IF(MONTH(AB2)=MONTH(TODAY()-1),1,IF(MONTH(AO2)=MONTH(TODAY()-1),1,IF(MONTH(AL2)=MONTH(TODAY()-1),1,0)))
# Re: Formula is not functioning
If one of the cells is empty, Excel will return 1 for the month, which is January. Try this version:
=IF(OR(AND(AB2<>"",MONTH(AB2)=MONTH(TODAY()-1)),AND(AO2<>"",MONTH(AO2)=MONTH(TODAY()-1)),AND(AL2<>"",MONTH(AL2)=MONTH(TODAY()-1))),1,0)
# Re: Formula is not functioning
Thank you for the reply, it doesn't functioning properly.
When I am generating the report for the current month by selecting 1, it still filtering the submissions which are from previous month but were rejected, means appointment was not booked or order was not completed so the sell AO2 and sell AL2 are empty, so these has to be excluded.
What I exactly want is, if I select 1, carry forwarded submissions from previous month to this month has to be included on top current month submissions.
Submissions are from previous month, and if the appointment booked and if a date given in cell AO2 for this month are considered carry forwarded submissions.
Below formula was working fine but, for this year 2023 not functioning, if you could add to include 2023 for the same formula would be better, thank you
# Re: Formula is not functioning
Your formula has MONTH(TODAY()-1). That is the month number of TODAY()-1, i.e. yesterday.
Did you perhaps want the month number of last month instead of the month number of yesterday?
# Re: Formula is not functioning
I need the month number of yesterday.
Anyhow, as requested would you be able to include this year 2023 to the below same formula? as the below formula works on 2022 only and doesn't work in 2023
=IF(MONTH(AB2)=MONTH(TODAY()-1),1,IF(MONTH(AO2)=MONTH(TODAY()-1),1,IF(MONTH(AL2)=MONTH(TODAY()-1),1,0)))
# Re: Formula is not functioning
You keep on mentioning that it doesn't work in 2023, but you haven't told us what the actual problem is.
# Re: Formula is not functioning
Allow me sometimes I will explain exactly what is wrong.
# Re: Formula is not functioning
To be exact, what is supposed function as per the below formula, not functioning in 2023 but when I change the system date to 2022 it's functioning normally.
My concern is, would you be able to fix the same below formula to function in 2023 as may be it is only function in 2022 only,
=IF(MONTH(AB2)=MONTH(TODAY()-1),1,IF(MONTH(AO2)=MONTH(TODAY()-1),1,IF(MONTH(AL2)=MONTH(TODAY()-1),1,0)))
Below clarification is for your further reference.
Order submitted date will be mentioned in the following sell AB2
Appointment date will be mentioned in the following sell AO2
Order completed date will be mentioned in the following sell AL2
If the order submitted in the last week of the month and if an appointment date given for the 1st week of the next month then this record has to be filtered if I select 1.
If I am generating the report for all the orders which have been completed for this month, it has to include the order submissions from this month as well as from the previous month submissions.
Right now the actual problem is if I select 1, it gives me even from previous month submissions which were completed in previous month.
# Re: Formula is not functioning
I'm afraid I don't understand. Could you provide some concrete examples? Could you attach a small sample workbook demonstrating the problem (without sensitive data), or if that is not possible, make it available through OneDrive, Google Drive, Dropbox or similar?
# Re: Formula is not functioning
The most common reason for an Excel formula not calculating is that you have inadvertently activated the Show Formulas mode in a worksheet. To get the formula to display the calculated result, just turn off the Show Formulas mode by doing one of the following: Pressing the Ctrl + ` shortcut, or. | 1,306 | 5,293 | {"found_math": false, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 3.375 | 3 | CC-MAIN-2024-26 | latest | en | 0.914362 |
https://curriculum.illustrativemathematics.org/HS/students/2/6/8/index.html | 1,713,686,082,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296817729.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20240421071342-20240421101342-00481.warc.gz | 166,205,207 | 26,713 | # Lesson 8
Equations and Graphs
• Let’s write an equation for a parabola.
### 8.1: Focus on Distance
The image shows a parabola with focus $$(\text-2,2)$$ and directrix $$y=0$$ (the $$x$$-axis). Points $$A$$, $$B$$, and $$C$$ are on the parabola.
Without using the Pythagorean Theorem, find the distance from each plotted point to the parabola’s focus. Explain your reasoning.
### 8.2: Building an Equation for a Parabola
The image shows a parabola with focus $$(3,2)$$ and directrix $$y=0$$ (the $$x$$-axis).
1. Write an equation that would allow you to test whether a particular point $$(x,y)$$ is on the parabola.
2. The equation you wrote defines the parabola, but it’s not in a very easy-to-read form. Rewrite the equation to be in vertex form: $$y=a(x-h)^2+k$$, where $$(h,k)$$ is the vertex.
### 8.3: Card Sort: Parabolas
Your teacher will give you a set of cards with graphs and equations of parabolas. Match each graph with the equation that represents it.
In this section, you have examined points that are equidistant from a given point and a given line. Now consider a set of points that are half as far from a point as they are from a line.
1. Write an equation that describes the set of all points that are $$\frac{1}{2}$$ as far from the point $$(5,3)$$ as they are from the $$x$$-axis.
2. Use technology to graph your equation. Sketch the graph and describe what it looks like.
### Summary
The parabola in the image consists of all the points that are the same distance from the point $$(1,4)$$ as they are from the line $$y=0$$. Suppose we want to write an equation for the parabola—that is, an equation that says a given point $$(x,y)$$ is on the curve. We can draw a right triangle whose hypotenuse is the distance between point $$(x,y)$$ and the focus, $$(1,4)$$.
The distance from $$(x,y)$$ to the directrix, or the line $$y=0$$, is $$y$$ units. By definition, the distance from $$(x,y)$$ to the focus must be equal to the distance from the point to the directrix. So, the distance from $$(x,y)$$ to the focus can be labeled with $$y$$. To find the lengths of the legs of the right triangle, subtract the corresponding coordinates of the point $$(x,y)$$ and the focus, $$(1,4)$$. Substitute the expressions for the side lengths into the Pythagorean Theorem to get an equation defining the parabola.
$$(x-1)^2+(y-4)^2=y^2$$
To get the equation looking more familiar, rewrite it in vertex form, or $$y=a(x-h)^2+k$$ where $$(h,k)$$ is the vertex.
$$(x-1)^2+(y-4)^2=y^2$$
$$(x-1)^2+y^2-8y+16=y^2$$
$$(x-1)^2-8y+16=0$$
$$\text-8y=\text-(x-1)^2-16$$
$$y=\frac18 (x-1)^2+2$$
### Glossary Entries
• directrix
The line that, together with a point called the focus, defines a parabola, which is the set of points equidistant from the focus and directrix.
• focus
The point that, together with a line called the directrix, defines a parabola, which is the set of points equidistant from the focus and directrix.
• parabola
A parabola is the set of points that are equidistant from a given point, called the focus, and a given line, called the directrix. | 905 | 3,092 | {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 1, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 4.9375 | 5 | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | latest | en | 0.919763 |
http://www.chegg.com/homework-help/questions-and-answers/fig-6-48-shows-conical-pendulum-bob-thesmall-object-lower-end-cord-moves-horizontalcircle--q394947 | 1,469,318,012,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-30/segments/1469257823802.12/warc/CC-MAIN-20160723071023-00318-ip-10-185-27-174.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 372,653,981 | 13,488 | Fig. 6-48 shows a conical pendulum, in which the bob (thesmall object at the lower end of the cord) moves in a horizontalcircle at constant speed. (The cord sweeps out a cone as the bobrotates.) The bob has a mass of 0.059 kg, the string has lengthL = 0.90 m and negligible mass, and the bob follows acircular path of circumference 0.51 m. What are(a) the tension in the string and(b) the period of the motion?
Fig. 6-48
Problem 60. | 123 | 433 | {"found_math": false, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 2.578125 | 3 | CC-MAIN-2016-30 | latest | en | 0.859001 |
https://www.hackmath.net/en/math-problem/13421?tag_id=77 | 1,582,308,592,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-10/segments/1581875145534.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20200221172509-20200221202509-00320.warc.gz | 755,668,871 | 10,519 | # Hexagon
Calculate the surface of a regular hexagonal prism whose base edge a = 12cm and side edge b = 3 dm.
Result
S = 2908.246 cm2
#### Solution:
$a = 12 \ cm \ \\ b = 3 \ dm = 3 \cdot \ 10 \ cm = 30 \ cm \ \\ \ \\ S_{ 0 } = \sqrt{ 3 }/4 \cdot \ a^2 = \sqrt{ 3 }/4 \cdot \ 12^2 = 36 \ \sqrt{ 3 } \ cm^2 \doteq 62.3538 \ cm^2 \ \\ S_{ 1 } = 6 \cdot \ S_{ 0 } = 6 \cdot \ 62.3538 = 216 \ \sqrt{ 3 } \ cm^2 \doteq 374.123 \ cm^2 \ \\ \ \\ S = 6 \cdot \ a \cdot \ b + 2 \cdot \ S_{ 1 } = 6 \cdot \ 12 \cdot \ 30 + 2 \cdot \ 374.123 \doteq 2908.2459 = 2908.246 \ cm^2$
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Tips to related online calculators
Pythagorean theorem is the base for the right triangle calculator.
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https://www.netlib.org/scalapack/explore-html/d0/d01/zahemv_8f_source.html | 1,718,612,567,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-26/segments/1718198861698.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20240617060013-20240617090013-00666.warc.gz | 808,641,032 | 7,407 | ScaLAPACK 2.1 2.1 ScaLAPACK: Scalable Linear Algebra PACKage
zahemv.f
Go to the documentation of this file.
1 SUBROUTINE zahemv( UPLO, N, ALPHA, A, LDA, X, INCX, BETA, Y,
2 \$ INCY )
3 *
4 * -- PBLAS auxiliary routine (version 2.0) --
5 * University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Oak Ridge National Laboratory,
6 * and University of California, Berkeley.
7 * April 1, 1998
8 *
9 * .. Scalar Arguments ..
10 CHARACTER*1 UPLO
11 INTEGER INCX, INCY, LDA, N
12 DOUBLE PRECISION ALPHA, BETA
13 * ..
14 * .. Array Arguments ..
15 DOUBLE PRECISION Y( * )
16 COMPLEX*16 A( LDA, * ), X( * )
17 * ..
18 *
19 * Purpose
20 * =======
21 *
22 * ZAHEMV performs the following matrix-vector operation
23 *
24 * y := abs( alpha )*abs( A )*abs( x )+ abs( beta*y ),
25 *
26 * where alpha and beta are real scalars, y is a real vector, x is a
27 * vector and A is an n by n Hermitian matrix.
28 *
29 * Arguments
30 * =========
31 *
32 * UPLO (input) CHARACTER*1
33 * On entry, UPLO specifies whether the upper or lower triangu-
34 * lar part of the array A is to be referenced as follows:
35 *
36 * UPLO = 'U' or 'u' Only the upper triangular part of A is
37 * to be referenced.
38 * UPLO = 'L' or 'l' Only the lower triangular part of A is
39 * to be referenced.
40 *
41 * N (input) INTEGER
42 * On entry, N specifies the order of the matrix A. N must be at
43 * least zero.
44 *
45 * ALPHA (input) DOUBLE PRECISION
46 * On entry, ALPHA specifies the real scalar alpha.
47 *
48 * A (input) COMPLEX*16 array
49 * On entry, A is an array of dimension (LDA,N). Before entry
50 * with UPLO = 'U' or 'u', the leading n by n part of the array
51 * A must contain the upper triangular part of the Hermitian ma-
52 * trix and the strictly lower triangular part of A is not refe-
53 * renced. When UPLO = 'L' or 'l', the leading n by n part of
54 * the array A must contain the lower triangular part of the
55 * Hermitian matrix and the strictly upper trapezoidal part of A
56 * is not referenced.
57 * Note that the imaginary parts of the local entries corres-
58 * ponding to the offdiagonal elements of A need not be set and
59 * assumed to be zero.
60 *
61 * LDA (input) INTEGER
62 * On entry, LDA specifies the leading dimension of the array A.
63 * LDA must be at least max( 1, N ).
64 *
65 * X (input) COMPLEX*16 array of dimension at least
66 * ( 1 + ( n - 1 )*abs( INCX ) ). Before entry, the incremented
67 * array X must contain the vector x.
68 *
69 * INCX (input) INTEGER
70 * On entry, INCX specifies the increment for the elements of X.
71 * INCX must not be zero.
72 *
73 * BETA (input) DOUBLE PRECISION
74 * On entry, BETA specifies the real scalar beta. When BETA is
75 * supplied as zero then Y need not be set on input.
76 *
77 * Y (input/output) DOUBLE PRECISION array of dimension at least
78 * ( 1 + ( n - 1 )*abs( INCY ) ). Before entry with BETA non-
79 * zero, the incremented array Y must contain the vector y. On
80 * exit, the incremented array Y is overwritten by the updated
81 * vector y.
82 *
83 * INCY (input) INTEGER
84 * On entry, INCY specifies the increment for the elements of Y.
85 * INCY must not be zero.
86 *
87 * -- Written on April 1, 1998 by
88 * Antoine Petitet, University of Tennessee, Knoxville 37996, USA.
89 *
90 * =====================================================================
91 *
92 * .. Parameters ..
93 DOUBLE PRECISION ONE, ZERO
94 parameter( one = 1.0d+0, zero = 0.0d+0 )
95 * ..
96 * .. Local Scalars ..
97 INTEGER I, INFO, IX, IY, J, JX, JY, KX, KY
98 DOUBLE PRECISION TALPHA, TEMP0, TEMP1, TEMP2
99 COMPLEX*16 ZDUM
100 * ..
101 * .. External Functions ..
102 LOGICAL LSAME
103 EXTERNAL lsame
104 * ..
105 * .. External Subroutines ..
106 EXTERNAL xerbla
107 * ..
108 * .. Intrinsic Functions ..
109 INTRINSIC abs, dble, dconjg, dimag, max
110 * ..
111 * .. Statement Functions ..
112 DOUBLE PRECISION CABS1
113 cabs1( zdum ) = abs( dble( zdum ) ) + abs( dimag( zdum ) )
114 * ..
115 * .. Executable Statements ..
116 *
117 * Test the input parameters.
118 *
119 info = 0
120 IF ( .NOT.lsame( uplo, 'U' ).AND.
121 \$ .NOT.lsame( uplo, 'L' ) )THEN
122 info = 1
123 ELSE IF( n.LT.0 )THEN
124 info = 2
125 ELSE IF( lda.LT.max( 1, n ) )THEN
126 info = 5
127 ELSE IF( incx.EQ.0 )THEN
128 info = 7
129 ELSE IF( incy.EQ.0 )THEN
130 info = 10
131 END IF
132 IF( info.NE.0 )THEN
133 CALL xerbla( 'ZAHEMV', info )
134 RETURN
135 END IF
136 *
137 * Quick return if possible.
138 *
139 IF( ( n.EQ.0 ).OR.( ( alpha.EQ.zero ).AND.( beta.EQ.one ) ) )
140 \$ RETURN
141 *
142 * Set up the start points in X and Y.
143 *
144 IF( incx.GT.0 ) THEN
145 kx = 1
146 ELSE
147 kx = 1 - ( n - 1 ) * incx
148 END IF
149 IF( incy.GT.0 )THEN
150 ky = 1
151 ELSE
152 ky = 1 - ( n - 1 ) * incy
153 END IF
154 *
155 * Start the operations. In this version the elements of A are
156 * accessed sequentially with one pass through the triangular part
157 * of A.
158 *
159 * First form y := abs( beta * y ).
160 *
161 IF( beta.NE.one ) THEN
162 IF( incy.EQ.1 ) THEN
163 IF( beta.EQ.zero ) THEN
164 DO 10, i = 1, n
165 y( i ) = zero
166 10 CONTINUE
167 ELSE
168 DO 20, i = 1, n
169 y( i ) = abs( beta * y( i ) )
170 20 CONTINUE
171 END IF
172 ELSE
173 iy = ky
174 IF( beta.EQ.zero ) THEN
175 DO 30, i = 1, n
176 y( iy ) = zero
177 iy = iy + incy
178 30 CONTINUE
179 ELSE
180 DO 40, i = 1, n
181 y( iy ) = abs( beta * y( iy ) )
182 iy = iy + incy
183 40 CONTINUE
184 END IF
185 END IF
186 END IF
187 *
188 IF( alpha.EQ.zero )
189 \$ RETURN
190 *
191 talpha = abs( alpha )
192 *
193 IF( lsame( uplo, 'U' ) ) THEN
194 *
195 * Form y when A is stored in upper triangle.
196 *
197 IF( ( incx.EQ.1 ).AND.( incy.EQ.1 ) ) THEN
198 DO 60, j = 1, n
199 temp1 = talpha * cabs1( x( j ) )
200 temp2 = zero
201 DO 50, i = 1, j - 1
202 temp0 = cabs1( a( i, j ) )
203 y( i ) = y( i ) + temp1 * temp0
204 temp2 = temp2 + temp0 * cabs1( x( i ) )
205 50 CONTINUE
206 y( j ) = y( j ) + temp1 * abs( dble( a( j, j ) ) ) +
207 \$ alpha * temp2
208 *
209 60 CONTINUE
210 *
211 ELSE
212 *
213 jx = kx
214 jy = ky
215 *
216 DO 80, j = 1, n
217 temp1 = talpha * cabs1( x( jx ) )
218 temp2 = zero
219 ix = kx
220 iy = ky
221 *
222 DO 70, i = 1, j - 1
223 temp0 = cabs1( a( i, j ) )
224 y( iy ) = y( iy ) + temp1 * temp0
225 temp2 = temp2 + temp0 * cabs1( x( ix ) )
226 ix = ix + incx
227 iy = iy + incy
228 70 CONTINUE
229 y( jy ) = y( jy ) + temp1 * abs( dble( a( j, j ) ) ) +
230 \$ alpha * temp2
231 jx = jx + incx
232 jy = jy + incy
233 *
234 80 CONTINUE
235 *
236 END IF
237 *
238 ELSE
239 *
240 * Form y when A is stored in lower triangle.
241 *
242 IF( ( incx.EQ.1 ).AND.( incy.EQ.1 ) ) THEN
243 *
244 DO 100, j = 1, n
245 *
246 temp1 = talpha * cabs1( x( j ) )
247 temp2 = zero
248 y( j ) = y( j ) + temp1 * abs( dble( a( j, j ) ) )
249 *
250 DO 90, i = j + 1, n
251 temp0 = cabs1( a( i, j ) )
252 y( i ) = y( i ) + temp1 * temp0
253 temp2 = temp2 + temp0 * cabs1( x( i ) )
254 *
255 90 CONTINUE
256 *
257 y( j ) = y( j ) + alpha * temp2
258 *
259 100 CONTINUE
260 *
261 ELSE
262 *
263 jx = kx
264 jy = ky
265 *
266 DO 120, j = 1, n
267 temp1 = talpha * cabs1( x( jx ) )
268 temp2 = zero
269 y( jy ) = y( jy ) + temp1 * abs( dble( a( j, j ) ) )
270 ix = jx
271 iy = jy
272 *
273 DO 110, i = j + 1, n
274 *
275 ix = ix + incx
276 iy = iy + incy
277 temp0 = cabs1( a( i, j ) )
278 y( iy ) = y( iy ) + temp1 * temp0
279 temp2 = temp2 + temp0 * cabs1( x( ix ) )
280 *
281 110 CONTINUE
282 *
283 y( jy ) = y( jy ) + alpha * temp2
284 jx = jx + incx
285 jy = jy + incy
286 *
287 120 CONTINUE
288 *
289 END IF
290 *
291 END IF
292 *
293 RETURN
294 *
295 * End of ZAHEMV
296 *
297 END
max
#define max(A, B)
Definition: pcgemr.c:180
zahemv
subroutine zahemv(UPLO, N, ALPHA, A, LDA, X, INCX, BETA, Y, INCY)
Definition: zahemv.f:3 | 3,061 | 7,848 | {"found_math": false, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 2.671875 | 3 | CC-MAIN-2024-26 | latest | en | 0.565171 |
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Number Cards Before Face Cards (Posted on 2019-05-02)
If you turn over a well shuffled deck of cards one card at a time, what is the probability that you'll see at least one of each of the denominations of the numeric cards, ace through ten (1 - 10) before seeing any face card (J, Q, K)?
Submitted by Charlie Rating: 3.0000 (1 votes) Solution: (Hide) Use the inclusion/exclusion technique: add the individual probabilities of seeing ace, plus of seeing deuce, etc. before seeing a face card. There are of course ten probabilities to add, all of them the same: 4/16 = 1/4; since there are ten of them the total is 10/4 = 5/2. Then subtract out all the pairwise probabilities of seeing an ace or a deuce, an ace or a trey, etc. before the first face card. Each pairwise probability is 8/20 = 2/5, and there are C(10,2) = 45 of them so the total is 90/5 = 18 to be subtracted out. Continue to triples, quadruples, ... , any of all ten, alternately adding and subtracting the totals. ``` -let individual how many sum 1 1/4 10 5/2 2 2/5 45 18 3 12/24 120 60 4 16/28 210 120 5 20/32 252 315/2 6 24/36 210 140 7 28/40 120 84 8 32/44 45 360/11 9 36/48 10 15/2 10 40/52 1 10/13 ``` The probability of getting at least one of each numeric denomination before any face card is therefore 5/2 - 18 + 60 - 120 + 315/2 - 140 + 84 - 360/11 + 15/2 - 10/13 = 1/286 ~= 0.00349650349653097
Subject Author Date Thanks Steven Lord 2019-05-19 16:55:51 Preliminary solution Steven Lord 2019-05-13 11:22:48 Hint Charlie 2019-05-06 07:51:34 Full solution: part 1 formatting correction FrankM 2019-05-05 11:35:30 Full solution: part 1 FrankM 2019-05-05 11:29:29 A start.... Steven Lord 2019-05-02 17:44:25
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#### How can I tell whether my flow is laminar or turbulent?
Ansys Employee
# How can I tell whether my flow is laminar or turbulent?
• prajput
Ansys Employee
The Reynolds number parameter determines whether the given flow is laminar or turbulent. Laminar flow occurs at low Re (where the viscous forces are dominant) and is characterized by smooth fluid motion. Turbulent flow, on the other hand, occurs at high Re (where the inertia forces are dominant) and is characterized by chaotic fluid motion with lots of mixing and eddies.
• Karthik R
You can use the following ranges as reference to understand if your flow is laminar, turbulent or transitional. However, they are not hard limits. The transition can happen earlier or later depending on surface smoothness and other factors.
For an internal flow:
Re < 2300 - The flow is laminar
Re > 4000 - The flow is turbulent
For extenal flow:
Re<1x10^5 - The flow is laminar
Re>5x10^5 - The flow is turbulent
Ansys Employee
Thanks you all for your quick replies! @prajput @Kremella
I have another question, how can I calculate the Reynolds number?
• prajput
Ansys Employee
The Reynolds number is mathematically defined as:
Re = (rho * V * L) / mu
where,
rho is the fluid density
V is the fluid velocity
L is the problem characteristic length scale
mu is the fluid dynamic viscosity
• Rob
Ansys Employee
Don't forget to read up on the Rayleigh Number for buoyant flows. | 367 | 1,454 | {"found_math": false, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 2.796875 | 3 | CC-MAIN-2022-49 | latest | en | 0.852831 |
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