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https://help.imsl.com/fortran/2021.0/html/fnlmath/FNLMath/mch2.04.46.html | 1,723,698,273,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-33/segments/1722641151918.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20240815044119-20240815074119-00732.warc.gz | 226,132,616 | 5,757 | GVCSP
Computes all of the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the generalized real symmetric eigenvalue problem Az = λBz, with B symmetric positive definite.
Required Arguments
A — Real symmetric matrix of order N. (Input)
B — Positive definite symmetric matrix of order N. (Input)
EVAL — Vector of length N containing the eigenvalues in decreasing order of magnitude. (Output)
EVEC — Matrix of order N. (Output)
The J-th eigenvector, corresponding to EVAL(J), is stored in the J-th column. Each vector is normalized to have Euclidean length equal to the value one.
Optional Arguments
N — Order of the matrices A and B. (Input)
Default: N = SIZE (A,2).
LDA — Leading dimension of A exactly as specified in the dimension statement in the calling program. (Input)
Default: LDA = SIZE (A,1).
LDB — Leading dimension of B exactly as specified in the dimension statement in the calling program. (Input)
Default: LDB = SIZE (B,1).
LDEVEC — Leading dimension of EVEC exactly as specified in the dimension statement of the calling program. (Input)
Default: LDEVEC = SIZE (EVEC,1).
FORTRAN 90 Interface
Generic: CALL GVCSP (A, B, EVAL, EVEC [,])
Specific: The specific interface names are S_GVCSP and D_GVCSP.
FORTRAN 77 Interface
Single: CALL GVCSP (N, A, LDA, B, LDB, EVAL, EVEC, LDEVEC)
Double: The double precision name is DGVCSP.
Description
Routine GVLSP computes the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of Az = λBz, with A symmetric and B symmetric positive definite. The Cholesky factorization B = RTR, with R a triangular matrix, is used to transform the equation Az = λBz, to
(R-T AR-1)(Rz) = λ (Rz)
The eigenvalues and eigenvectors of C = R-T AR-1 are then computed. The generalized eigenvectors of A are given by z = R-1 x, where x is an eigenvector of C. This development is found in Martin and Wilkinson (1968). The Cholesky factorization is computed based on IMSL routine LFTDS, see Chapter 1, “Linear Systems”. The eigenvalues and eigenvectors of C are computed based on routine EVCSF. Further discussion and some timing results are given Hanson et al. (1990).
1. Workspace may be explicitly provided, if desired, by use of G3CSP/DG3CSP. The reference is:
CALL G3CSP (N, A, LDA, B, LDB, EVAL, EVEC, LDEVEC, IWK, WK1, WK2)
The additional arguments are as follows:
IWK — Integer work array of length N.
WK1 — Work array of length 3N.
WK2 — Work array of length N2 + N.
2. Informational errors
Type
Code
Description
4
1
The iteration for an eigenvalue failed to converge.
4
2
Matrix B is not positive definite.
3. The success of this routine can be checked using GPISP.
Example
In this example, a DATA statement is used to set the matrices A and B. The eigenvalues, eigenvectors and performance index are computed and printed. For details on the performance index, see IMSL routine GPISP.
USE GVCSP_INT
USE GPISP_INT
USE UMACH_INT
USE WRRRN_INT
IMPLICIT NONE
! Declare variables
INTEGER LDA, LDB, LDEVEC, N
PARAMETER (N=3, LDA=N, LDB=N, LDEVEC=N)
!
INTEGER NOUT
REAL A(LDA,N), B(LDB,N), EVAL(N), EVEC(LDEVEC,N), PI
! Define values of A:
! A = ( 1.1 1.2 1.4 )
! ( 1.2 1.3 1.5 )
! ( 1.4 1.5 1.6 )
DATA A/1.1, 1.2, 1.4, 1.2, 1.3, 1.5, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6/
!
! Define values of B:
! B = ( 2.0 1.0 0.0 )
! ( 1.0 2.0 1.0 )
! ( 0.0 1.0 2.0 )
DATA B/2.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 1.0, 0.0, 1.0, 2.0/
!
! Find eigenvalues and vectors
CALL GVCSP (A, B, EVAL, EVEC)
! Compute performance index
PI = GPISP(N,A,B,EVAL,EVEC)
! Print results
CALL UMACH (2, NOUT)
CALL WRRRN ('EVAL', EVAL)
CALL WRRRN ('EVEC', EVEC)
WRITE (NOUT,'(/,A,F6.3)') ' Performance index = ', PI
END
Output
EVAL
1 1.386
2 -0.058
3 -0.003
EVEC
1 2 3
1 0.6431 -0.1147 -0.6817
2 -0.0224 -0.6872 0.7266
3 0.7655 0.7174 -0.0858
Performance index = 0.417 | 1,240 | 3,691 | {"found_math": false, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 2.796875 | 3 | CC-MAIN-2024-33 | latest | en | 0.760413 |
https://www.coursehero.com/file/6435302/Key-Quiz-9-09-106-S-11/ | 1,493,237,240,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-17/segments/1492917121644.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20170423031201-00449-ip-10-145-167-34.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 895,030,119 | 26,750 | Key Quiz 9 09-106 S 11
# Key Quiz 9 09-106 S 11 - this buffer. (2 points) 4. A...
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Name ______________________________ _ Quiz 9 (10 points) 09-106 Spring 2011 Recitation ( CIRCLE ONE TA and ONE TIME ): Christian Steve Brendan 6:30 7:30 4/7/11 (10 minutes allowed) In order to ensure the maximum amount of partial credit on short problems, please show all work and clearly circle your final answers. A periodic table, constants, equations, and a table of weak acid constants are on the attached page (front and back). You may detach and keep this page. 1. Calculate the pH at the equivalence point in the titration of 50.0 mL of 2.0 M KBrO(aq) with 2.0 M HBr(aq). (4 points) 2. Circle below the pair of species that is a buffer solution. (1 point) HCl and KCl LiH 2 PO 4 and Li 2 HPO 4 KOH and H 2 O 3. You want to make a buffer having a pH of 8.0. Using the table of acids on the attached page, write the formulas of both the acid and its conjugate sodium salt that would yield the best buffer capacity for
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Unformatted text preview: this buffer. (2 points) 4. A solution containing both C 5 H 5 N(aq) ( K b = 1.7 x 10-9 ) and C 5 H 5 NHNO 3 (aq) has a pH of 5.0. (a) Circle below the substance that is in greater abundance. [Support your answer with a calculation]. C 5 H 5 N C 5 H 5 NH + (2 points) (b) The pH of the above solution is more resistant to change upon the addition of small amounts of strong ( ACID , BASE ) ( Underline one ) (1 point) Name ______________________________ _ Quiz 9 (10 points) 09-106 Spring 2011 Recitation ( CIRCLE ONE TA and ONE TIME ): Christian Steve Brendan 6:30 7:30 4/7/11 (10 minutes allowed) pH = -log[H 3 O + ] pOH = -log[OH-] pH + pOH = 14 [H 3 O + ][OH-] = 1.0 x 10-14 (@25°C) K a K b = 1.0 x 10-14 pK a = -log K a pK b = -log K b pH = pK a + log{ [base] / [acid] } [base]/[acid] = 10 pH - pKa...
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## This note was uploaded on 09/29/2011 for the course CHEMISTRY 09-106 taught by Professor Vuocolo during the Fall '09 term at Carnegie Mellon.
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Key Quiz 9 09-106 S 11 - this buffer. (2 points) 4. A...
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Ask a homework question - tutors are online | 755 | 2,464 | {"found_math": false, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 2.53125 | 3 | CC-MAIN-2017-17 | longest | en | 0.822566 |
https://slideplayer.com/slide/5765854/ | 1,725,710,883,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-38/segments/1725700650826.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20240907095856-20240907125856-00085.warc.gz | 523,780,111 | 17,922 | # Adding and Subtracting Integers. RULE #1: Same Signs!! When you’re adding two numbers with the same sign, just ignore the signs! Add them like normal!
## Presentation on theme: "Adding and Subtracting Integers. RULE #1: Same Signs!! When you’re adding two numbers with the same sign, just ignore the signs! Add them like normal!"— Presentation transcript:
RULE #1: Same Signs!! When you’re adding two numbers with the same sign, just ignore the signs! Add them like normal! Just don’t forget to put the sign with your answer…. Examples: 9 + 5 = 14 (-9) + (-5) = -14 The 14 is positive because both numbers are positive!! The 14 is negative because both numbers are negative!!
EXAMPLES!!!!!! -3 + (-5) = 4 + 7 = 3 + 4 = -6 + (-7) = 5 + 9 = -9 + (-9) = -8 11 7 -13 14 -18
RULE #2: Different Signs When the signs are different, just ignore the signs. Subtract like you would normally (bigger number first)… THEN put the sign of the bigger number with the answer! KEVIN VS. KEVIN Examples: (-9) + 5 Subtract! 9 – 5 = 4 9 is negative so the answer is negative! -4
Don’t be grumpy! Just try! 3+ (-5) = -4 + 7 = 3+ (-4) = -6+ 7 = 5+ (-9) = -9+ 9 = 5 – 3 = 2 9 – 9 = 0 9 – 5 = 4 7 – 6 = 1 4 – 3 =1 7 – 4 = 3 -2 0 -4 1 3 -2 0 -4 1 3 -2 0 -4 1 3 -2 0 -4 1 3 -2 0 -4 1 3 -2 3 1 -4 0
KEEP RULE #3: Instead of subtracting, we are going to be adding the opposite number. In other words… CHANGE 4 – (-6) = (-2) – 8 = (-7) – (-5) = 4 + (+6) = (-2) + (-8) = (-7) + (+5) = 10 -10 -2 Follow Regular Addition Rules! Examples:
Time for Homework…. | 559 | 1,546 | {"found_math": false, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 4.84375 | 5 | CC-MAIN-2024-38 | latest | en | 0.829706 |
https://nl.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/cody/problems/44666-draw-o/solutions/1975386 | 1,604,088,834,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-45/segments/1603107911229.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20201030182757-20201030212757-00666.warc.gz | 476,179,266 | 16,880 | Cody
# Problem 44666. Draw 'O' !
Solution 1975386
Submitted on 14 Oct 2019 by Hieu Vu
This solution is locked. To view this solution, you need to provide a solution of the same size or smaller.
### Test Suite
Test Status Code Input and Output
1 Pass
x = 1; y_correct = 1; assert(isequal(your_fcn_name(x),y_correct))
2 Pass
x = 2; y_correct = [1 1;1 1]; assert(isequal(your_fcn_name(x),y_correct))
3 Pass
x = 3; y_correct = [1 1 1;1 0 1;1 1 1]; assert(isequal(your_fcn_name(x),y_correct))
4 Pass
x = 4; y_correct = [1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1]; assert(isequal(your_fcn_name(x),y_correct))
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Start Hunting! | 259 | 736 | {"found_math": false, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 2.703125 | 3 | CC-MAIN-2020-45 | latest | en | 0.670368 |
https://cunghocvui.com/bai-viet/giai-bai-34-trang-50-sach-giao-khoa-toan-8-tap-1.html | 1,725,890,837,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-38/segments/1725700651103.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20240909134831-20240909164831-00077.warc.gz | 178,062,890 | 23,872 | # Giải bài 34 trang 50 - Sách giáo khoa Toán 8 tập 1
##### Hướng dẫn giải
a) $$\dfrac{4x + 13}{5x(x – 7)} – \dfrac{x – 48}{5x(x – 7)} = \dfrac{4x + 13}{5x(x – 7)} + \dfrac{x – 48}{5x(x – 7)}$$
$$= \dfrac{4x + 13 + x – 48}{5x(x – 7)} = \dfrac{5x – 35}{5x(x – 7)}$$
$$= \dfrac{5(x – 7)}{5x(x – 7)} = \dfrac{1}{x}$$
b) Ta có : $$x - 5x^2 = x(1-5x)$$
$$25x^2 -1 = (5x-1)(5x+1) = - ( 1-5x)(5x + 1 )$$
MTC = $$x(1-5x)(5x+1)$$
Do đó : $$\dfrac{1}{x – 5x^2} – \dfrac{25x – 15}{25x^2 – 1} = \dfrac{1}{x(1 – 5x)} + \dfrac{25x – 15}{(5x + 1)(1-5x)}$$
$$= \dfrac{1+5x }{x(1 – 5x)(5x + 1)} + \dfrac{x(25x – 15)}{x(5x + 1)(1 – 5x)}$$
$$= \dfrac{5x + 1 + 25x^2 – 15x}{x(1 – 5x)(5x + 1)} = \dfrac{25x^2 – 10x + 1}{x(1 – 5x)(5x + 1)}$$
$$= \dfrac{(1 – 5x)^2}{x(1 – 5x)(5x + 1)} = \dfrac{1 – 5x}{x(1+5x )}$$ | 505 | 800 | {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 1, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 4.3125 | 4 | CC-MAIN-2024-38 | latest | en | 0.408009 |
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Question: Pythagoras' theorem holds good for right angled triangles.
Options:
A. True B. False C. 60∘ D. 120∘
: A
In a right angled triangle, square of the hypotenuse (the side opposite to the right angle) is equal to the sum of the squares of the other two sides. This is Pythagoras' theorem.
Earn Reward Points by submitting Detailed Explaination for this Question
More Questions on This Topic :
Question 1. Two angles of a triangle are 50 and 70. The third angle is:
1. 50∘
2. 70∘
3. 60∘
4. 120∘
: C
The sum of all the angles of a triangle is 180. Therefore,
Third angle=180(50+70)=180(120)=60
Question 2. Consider the figure:
If BC = AC, x = 2y, and angle ∠ACB = 60o, then the value of ∠B + y (in degrees) is
___
: C = 60 and BC = AC,
By angle sum property of triangle, A = B = 60
Also,
ACB+x+y=1800 [ BCD is straight line]
60+2y+y=180
60+3y=180
3y=18060
y=40
Hence, B+y=60+40=100
Question 3. Median and altitude of an isosceles triangle are one and the same.
1. True
2. False
3. 60∘
4. 120∘ | 371 | 1,057 | {"found_math": false, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 3.984375 | 4 | CC-MAIN-2021-49 | latest | en | 0.765197 |
http://mathhelpforum.com/calculus/120963-horizontal-asymptotes.html | 1,481,245,600,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-50/segments/1480698542665.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20161202170902-00137-ip-10-31-129-80.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 182,856,210 | 9,715 | 1. ## horizontal asymptotes
Im having a bit of difficulty recalling how to go about this. I remeber that to search for the horizontal asymptotes I would solve to find the limit of x > 0 from the left and right (sice there can only be 2 horizontal asymptotes. Heres the problem below:
solution:
I did everything to the point of x-2/(x(x-1)). Why does the x before x-1 mysteriously go away? I started to stray from the solution posted by canceling out the x in x-2 and the first x in the denominator, to get -2/-1 which = 2. What is the difference in procedure in searching for the limit of 0 from the left and the right? Thanks!
2. horizontal asymptotes are found in the limit as x-> + infinity.
In the case of a rational function there can only be one so you only need consider one case.
In your eg y =0 is the HA as the denominator is of higher degree than the denominator | 215 | 879 | {"found_math": false, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 3.421875 | 3 | CC-MAIN-2016-50 | longest | en | 0.951602 |
http://www.java-gaming.org/index.php?action=profile;u=43694;sa=showPosts | 1,430,158,991,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-18/segments/1429246659254.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20150417045739-00069-ip-10-235-10-82.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 582,019,254 | 16,657 | Java-Gaming.org Hi !
Featured games (84) games approved by the League of Dukes Games in Showcase (575) Games in Android Showcase (154) games submitted by our members Games in WIP (623) games currently in development
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1 Java Game APIs & Engines / Java 2D / Re: How to store vertices positions of a hexgrid in a 2D Array? on: 2011-07-12 12:55:59
mhh here's the solution I found - I wonder if I could cleanup the code a bit and make just 1 loop instead of 2 without the j%2 statement...
The two blocks of code for j%2 change only for Vector c and f respectively the other stayed unchanged - so it it possible to improve it?
xpos = side; and ypos=0.866*side; in this manner I force the grid to be of regular hexagons.
I execute outside the for loops a purgeLines() function to delete lines that share equal start and end points coordinates - so get rid of duplicates.
As Philfrei mentioned the other approach would be to the create a hexagon object itself and then replicate over a grid, and then purge duplicates points at joining hexagons and not at the edge of grid. Never used hashmaps but is something I would really like to harness when Ill get sometime.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 `float side = w / (numCols); particles = new Particle[numCols][numRows][2]; for (int i=0; i
2 Java Game APIs & Engines / Java 2D / Re: How to store vertices positions of a hexgrid in a 2D Array? on: 2011-07-12 00:07:52
Im not sure about what this lines does
1 ` float y = (i % 2 == 0) ? (i+offsetFraction) * gridSize : i * gridSize;`
what are ? and : for? sorry Im new to programming.
3 Java Game APIs & Engines / Java 2D / Re: How to store vertices positions of a hexgrid in a 2D Array? on: 2011-07-11 18:40:39
Ok Ill show you with one pic the problem I have so maybe you can give more inputs
Now I have a shifted grid which I used for triangles, the code looks like
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 `float side = 10;for (int i=0; i
Ok I can have unsed points although I was trying to avoid it but it seems I cannot skip with hexagons. So the situation is like in the picture below. Now once I created the grid how do I sort to create the hex tiling as in the picture? I need the indeces of the six verteces to sort all point in my grid...of course at the edge of the grid there will be some unsed (unsorted) points - those within green line in my pic.
Thanks for any help!
4 Java Game APIs & Engines / Java 2D / Re: How to store vertices positions of a hexgrid in a 2D Array? on: 2011-07-11 17:52:03 no worries. what I would like to do is this-have different basic grid layouts (hex, quad, tria)-able to extract from the created grid every single basic shape (so its vertices) and store it in a listI will have so different classes each one for each basic shape. For example a triangle class to be instatiated needs 3 points. Im doing this because the starting grid will be deformed according to some rules but topology will remain unchanged and so made up od "deformed" shape. Still later I want to retrieve all "pieces" of the deformed grid. Hope this is clear.Now, for quads, is straightforward, I manaed to do it for triangles...but with hexagons Im really struggling...I read many articles but still stuck. How would you sort the points?
5 Java Game APIs & Engines / Java 2D / How to store vertices positions of a hexgrid in a 2D Array? on: 2011-07-11 15:48:36
Im facing this issue. I want to create an hexgrid and be able to create in this fashion:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 `//grid extentsint numCols,numRows;for (int i=0; i
All methods I found to make hexgrid, first create an hex object and then replicate it over a grid thus creating duplicate verteces position ad joining edges. I want to avoid duplicating verteces position. How can I declare statements to make such a grid?
Thanks
6 Java Game APIs & Engines / Java 2D / Planar tessellation on: 2011-07-03 19:08:10 Hi All,I need to make some planar tessellation for a small project. I need to make rectangular, rhombic (diagonal), triangular and hexagonal grids. The problem I have is that I want to find a method which doesnt duplicate points/edges. In addition, if I have a point list storing vertices of my grid I have to be able to sort that list and extract collections os sub points comprising basic shape of this tessellation - ie. 4 points identifying a square, or 3 points for triangles and 6 points for hex.Can anyone suggest a method to build this geometry easily? Eventually I'd like to implement in different shape classes beloging to the same super shape class.
7 Discussions / Business and Project Management Discussions / Java tutorials London on: 2011-06-04 17:16:19 I am an architecture student in London and I'd like to have some private tutorials/lessons about Java programming in Eclipse - would be great to have lessons from another student with a computer science background. I have basic knowledge of Java programming both for 2d/3d graphics (in Processing) but would like to complete a more advanced project and need help especially for developing GUI.Please send me a pvt message for further details
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How to: JGO Wikiby Mac702015-02-17 20:56:162D Dynamic Lighting2015-01-01 20:25:42How do I start Java Game Development?by gouessej2014-12-27 19:41:21Resources for WIP gamesby kpars2014-12-18 10:26:14Understanding relations between setOrigin, setScale and setPosition in libGdx2014-10-09 22:35:00Definite guide to supporting multiple device resolutions on Android (2014)2014-10-02 22:36:02List of Learning Resources2014-08-16 10:40:00List of Learning Resources2014-08-05 19:33:27
java-gaming.org is not responsible for the content posted by its members, including references to external websites, and other references that may or may not have a relation with our primarily gaming and game production oriented community. inquiries and complaints can be sent via email to the info‑account of the company managing the website of java‑gaming.org | 2,107 | 6,928 | {"found_math": false, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 2.515625 | 3 | CC-MAIN-2015-18 | longest | en | 0.719965 |
https://www.teacherspayteachers.com/Product/Fractions-Finding-the-Whole-Group-pgs-58-60-Common-Core-1147422 | 1,571,014,016,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-43/segments/1570986648481.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20191014003258-20191014030258-00032.warc.gz | 1,204,608,675 | 22,087 | Fractions - Finding the Whole Group pgs. 58-60 (Common Core)
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Fractions: Finding the Whole Group
Last up in our fraction handout series is finding the whole group. Students will learn how to extract information from the question, and use diagrams and counters to determine how many total items are in a group. Let's get to it. :)
Here's what we provide:
* Mini-Lesson: Learn the Skill
-Skill is laid out in an easily digestible format with vocabulary, definitions, diagrams and an example problem. Students have this tool at their fingertips while completing the assignment.
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-Offers immediate reinforcement of the skill. Questions approach the skill from more than one angle to ensure full understanding.
* Write What You Know: Writing in Math
-This section helps students practice expressing their reasoning strategies in complete sentences.
* Prove What You Know: Test Prep
-Students can never be TOO ready for EOGs, EOCs, and other standardized tests, so here they practice good test-taking strategies with multiple choice questions.
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* Fractions on a Number Line: Equal Parts pgs 25-27
* Fractions on a Number Line: Fractional Intervals pgs 28-30
* Equivalent Fractions on a Number Line pgs 31-33
* Comparing and Ordering Fractions pgs 34-37
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* Improper Fractions on a Number Line pgs 41-43
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* Fractions: Equal Shares pgs 55-57
* Fractions: Finding the Whole Group pgs 58-60
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Teachers Pay Teachers is an online marketplace where teachers buy and sell original educational materials. | 1,233 | 4,851 | {"found_math": false, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 4.15625 | 4 | CC-MAIN-2019-43 | latest | en | 0.899624 |
https://convertoctopus.com/313-cubic-feet-to-quarts | 1,717,061,146,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-22/segments/1715971059632.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20240530083640-20240530113640-00698.warc.gz | 146,029,629 | 7,465 | ## Conversion formula
The conversion factor from cubic feet to quarts is 29.92207792209, which means that 1 cubic foot is equal to 29.92207792209 quarts:
1 ft3 = 29.92207792209 qt
To convert 313 cubic feet into quarts we have to multiply 313 by the conversion factor in order to get the volume amount from cubic feet to quarts. We can also form a simple proportion to calculate the result:
1 ft3 → 29.92207792209 qt
313 ft3 → V(qt)
Solve the above proportion to obtain the volume V in quarts:
V(qt) = 313 ft3 × 29.92207792209 qt
V(qt) = 9365.6103896143 qt
The final result is:
313 ft3 → 9365.6103896143 qt
We conclude that 313 cubic feet is equivalent to 9365.6103896143 quarts:
313 cubic feet = 9365.6103896143 quarts
## Alternative conversion
We can also convert by utilizing the inverse value of the conversion factor. In this case 1 quart is equal to 0.00010677360667372 × 313 cubic feet.
Another way is saying that 313 cubic feet is equal to 1 ÷ 0.00010677360667372 quarts.
## Approximate result
For practical purposes we can round our final result to an approximate numerical value. We can say that three hundred thirteen cubic feet is approximately nine thousand three hundred sixty-five point six one quarts:
313 ft3 ≅ 9365.61 qt
An alternative is also that one quart is approximately zero times three hundred thirteen cubic feet.
## Conversion table
### cubic feet to quarts chart
For quick reference purposes, below is the conversion table you can use to convert from cubic feet to quarts
cubic feet (ft3) quarts (qt)
314 cubic feet 9395.532 quarts
315 cubic feet 9425.455 quarts
316 cubic feet 9455.377 quarts
317 cubic feet 9485.299 quarts
318 cubic feet 9515.221 quarts
319 cubic feet 9545.143 quarts
320 cubic feet 9575.065 quarts
321 cubic feet 9604.987 quarts
322 cubic feet 9634.909 quarts
323 cubic feet 9664.831 quarts | 522 | 1,860 | {"found_math": false, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 4.125 | 4 | CC-MAIN-2024-22 | latest | en | 0.772731 |
http://math.stackexchange.com/users/30988/taylor?tab=activity&sort=comments | 1,394,609,031,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-10/segments/1394021453828/warc/CC-MAIN-20140305121053-00056-ip-10-183-142-35.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 118,525,627 | 12,200 | # Taylor
less info
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bio website mathtm.blogspot.com location University of California Los Angeles, CA age member for 1 year, 10 months seen Mar 2 at 20:54 profile views 216
I am a recent graduate in applied mathematics at UCLA and currently trying to break into the quantitative investment/trading industry while also continuing to pursue advanced graduate-level mathematics as both a hobby and career necessity.
Feb22 comment How to derive the formula to estimate the stock price probability distribution from call option prices? @Raphael. The part where I mention "...as long as $\phi$ and $S\phi$ are integrable we're fine" is the justification for differentiation under the integral sign (see the link for Leibniz's rule). Feb22 comment How to derive the formula to estimate the stock price probability distribution from call option prices? Sorry, wrote the answer too hastily and made a sign mistake at the end. Thanks Daniel Fischer for the edit. Feb22 comment The closure of $C^{1}_{0}(\mathbb R)$ in $L^{\infty}$? I made an edit to my answer above which deals with the closure of $C^{1}_{0}$. Feb17 comment How to calculate this multivariate limit changing to polar coordiantes? Simple examples: (1) $x^{2}+y^{2}=r^{2}\to0$ as $r\to0$ no matter what $\theta$ is; (2) $y(x^{2}+y^{2})=r^{3}\sin\theta\to0$ as $r\to0$ no matter what $\theta$ is; (3) $\frac{x^{2}y^{2}}{x^{4}+3y^{4}}=\frac{r^{4}\cos^{2}\theta\sin^{2}\theta}{r^{4}(\cos^{4}\theta+3\sin^{4}\theta}=\frac{\sin^{2}(2\theta)}{4(\cos^{4}\theta+3\sin^{4}\theta)}$ which depends on $\theta$ (and indeed, the limit does not exist as $(x,y)\to(0,0)$). Feb17 comment How to calculate this multivariate limit changing to polar coordiantes? $(x,y)\to(0,0)$ is equivalent to $r\to0$. That's why we replace the limit by $r\to0$ when working polar coordinates. However, as you no doubt have seen, $(x,y)\to(0,0)$ can be accomplished in several different ways (paths), which can sometimes lead to different limiting values. When working in polar coordinates, $r\to0$ is approach along a ray to the origin. If $\theta$ is not involved, or if its presence in the limiting expression is dominated by $r\to0$, then there is no problem. If $\theta$ is involved, then the approach can vary depending on $\theta$, and this must be considered. Feb17 comment How to calculate this multivariate limit changing to polar coordiantes? Fixed, thank you! Dec13 comment Solutions to Dirichlet problem on the half space with $L^{\infty}$ boundary data. I assume it is just the restrition of $u$ to the boundary with the definition given as above; i.e. just act like $u$ is a function on the boundary and pair it with a test function defined there. Dec12 comment Probability of $\alpha\log n$ consecutive successes in a Bernoulli process for $\alpha$ small It is finite when defining the $A_{n}$, and yes about the i.o. Dec10 comment What direction does the n vector (normal to the surface) have to be when doing Stokes' theorem? Orientation; to get a real (rigorous) answer, however, you'll have to wait until you take differential geometry/topology. A simple answer is what you've already indicated: the curve is oriented clockwise, and therefore the surface normal is outward (a physicist would tell you to apply the right-hand rule). At the end of the day however, unless you're applying your result to other computations, it really doesn't matter since your answer will only differ by a sign. Dec6 comment A convergence result for functions in L^2 Cauchy-Schwarz and the pointwise bound $|f_{n}(x)||g(x)|\leq|x|^{-1/3}|g(x)|$ may be useful. Dec6 comment (Obvious?) Half-Space Poisson Kernel Estimate I added the page where the theorem/proof appears. See (1) Dec6 comment (Obvious?) Half-Space Poisson Kernel Estimate Sorry, I'm looking closer at the passage in the text and it looks like $y$ is actually held fixed. The reason I was tempted to say it is not is that in my linked question the equivalent of $y$ there (i.e. $t$) is allowed to vary, but that is why (I think) there is the additional constant involved in the estimate, namely $\beta$. So anyway, yes, $y$ is fixed. Dec6 comment (Obvious?) Half-Space Poisson Kernel Estimate I believe $y>0$ is allowed to vary. $\alpha$ is the only parameter fixed, and $A$ is only allowed to depend on $\alpha$. Dec4 comment Constructing a Distributional Solution to the Inhomogeneous C.R. Equations @Post - See the update to my question. I'd like to avoid any reference to complex analysis if it's possible. Nov20 comment Analytic functions of absolute value 1 on the boundary of the unit disc (Or the strong form of the maximum modulus principle.) Nov18 comment Mean-value like theorem for holomorphic functions. It implies the existence of some neighborhood $V$ of $z$ such that $g$ fails to be one to one and this implies the existence of distinct $s,t$ such that $g(s)=g(t)$, which is the desired conclusion. I'm thoroughly amused by the fact that all three questions I posted had solutions which depended on some suitably chosen auxiliary function and an application of some major theorem. Nov18 comment For $f\in H(U)$, find a bound on $|f(0)|$ given separate bounds of $|f|$ on $\partial U^{+}$ and $\partial U_{-}$. How does $|g|$ being a constant imply $g$ is? What about $re^{it}$? Nov18 comment For $f\in H(U)$, find a bound on $|f(0)|$ given separate bounds of $|f|$ on $\partial U^{+}$ and $\partial U_{-}$. Hmm...in regards to the second part of your comment, I see now that even if $|g|\geq\frac{1}{4}$ too, it would not imply $g$ was constant; however, it does imply $|g|$ is, no? Nov18 comment For $f\in H(U)$, find a bound on $|f(0)|$ given separate bounds of $|f|$ on $\partial U^{+}$ and $\partial U_{-}$. I made a correction to my comment as you were writing yours (though I didn't have time to finish rewriting the conclusion as $|f(0)|\leq\frac{1}{2}$ before the comment edit expiration. I was trying to write out the details of the answer in my head and accidently also reasoned that the minimum of $|g(z)|$ on the boundary was $\frac{1}{4}$ as well, which is not the case. Nov18 comment For $f\in H(U)$, find a bound on $|f(0)|$ given separate bounds of $|f|$ on $\partial U^{+}$ and $\partial U_{-}$. Okay, so then we have $||g||_{T}=||f||_{T^{+}}||f||_{T^{-}}.$ By symmetry and the conditions on $f$, we conclude $||g||_{T}\leq\frac{1}{4}.$ Since $g$ is holomorphic and continuous on $\bar{U}$, we have by the maximum modulus principle $|g(z)|\leq\frac{1}{4}.$ Therefore, $f(z)=\frac{1}{4f(-z)}$ and so $|f(0)|\leq\frac{1}{4}|\frac{1}{f(0)}|$, i.e. $|f(0)|=\frac{1}{2}.$ | 1,816 | 6,607 | {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 1, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 3.46875 | 3 | CC-MAIN-2014-10 | longest | en | 0.880732 |
https://electionlab.wordpress.com/tag/election-outcomes/ | 1,596,563,432,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-34/segments/1596439735881.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20200804161521-20200804191521-00596.warc.gz | 294,541,666 | 13,217 | by
# Modeling election outcomes
So far, all our posts thus far have been set up stuff. We’ve covered
1. self-important intros and why we’re doing this
2. how not to use electoral probabilities
3. a bit of talking ourselves up re the AFR article
It’s time to look at how we use the probabilities we have from the betting markets to model the election.
What are we modeling?
To start with, we want to predict how many seats the governing ALP will win at the next election. Dont be surprised, but the ALP will definitely win between 0 and 150 seats! The aim of our analysis is to figure out the probability of each possible outcome. So we want to figure out the probability that the ALP will win 0 seats, the probability they will win 1 seat, will win 2 seats,…, will win 150 seats. And we will then do the same for the Coalition.
We can then draw this as a nice little probability distribution, analyze the shape, and talk about the likelihood of various scenarios.
How do we go about doing this?
For each electorate, imagine there are only two relevant probabilities. The probability ALP wins, and the probability ALP loses. We can then think of the result of each electorate as a toss of an unfair coin. Some coins will favor the ALP, and some coins will favor the Coalition. We can then simulate an election by tossing each of the unfair coins. And then we can count the number of electorates won by the ALP, and not won by the ALP to make a prediction.
We repeat this process 100,000 times. The more times we do it, the better we can approximate the true probability distribution. After simulating 100,000 elections, we can then see how often certain outcomes occur. Maybe we see that the ALP winning 63 seats happens in 40,000 of the simulated elections. We’d then say the probability of the ALP winning 63 seats is 40%. We would do this for every possible outcome and then plot a probability distribution.
What do the probability distributions look like?
Below we show a probability distribution we did just before Julia Gillard was replaced. The model predicts that:
• the probability the ALP will win government (ie. more than 75 seats) is pretty low.
• the expected number of seats the ALP will win is 49.
• the expected number of seats the Coalition will win is 95.
Some of these numbers were covered in the AFR last weekend. But we wanted to show the shape of the probability distribution before Gillard was replaced.
June 25 – Before Rudd
After Rudd replaced Gillard, the ALP’s probability distribution shifted to the right a bit. But the probability of them winning government (ie. winning more than 75 seats) is still not so good. The ALP increased their expected number of seats to 56, with the Coalition down to 88.
June 30 – After Rudd
As things stand, the electorate-level betting odds imply the probability of a Labor victory is still very, very small. Whether this true, or a limitation of the data, will be a focus of future posts. | 662 | 2,968 | {"found_math": false, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 4.03125 | 4 | CC-MAIN-2020-34 | latest | en | 0.949415 |
https://usethinkscript.com/threads/linear-regression-mtf-for-thinkorswim.5777/ | 1,716,072,362,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-22/segments/1715971057516.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20240518214304-20240519004304-00886.warc.gz | 538,243,975 | 16,339 | # Linear Regression MTF for ThinkorSwim
#### british43
##### Member
VIP
I'm trying to create a linear regression MTF but have a problem with plotting the upper and lower lines. Any help would be greatly appreciate.
Code:
``````def fourHours = close(period = AggregationPeriod.FOUR_HOURS);
def day = close(period = AggregationPeriod.DAY);
def week = close(period = AggregationPeriod.WEEK);
def month = close(period = AggregationPeriod.MONTH);
def period=yes;
plot data=close;
input price = close;
input deviations = .8;
input length = 200; #set your channel lookback period here.
input opacity = 50;
def regression = InertiaAll(price, length);
def stdDeviation = StDevAll(price, length);
plot UpperLine = regression + deviations * stdDeviation;
plot LowerLine = regression - deviations * stdDeviation;
def dayreg=InertiaAll(price-day[1],length);
def daysd= StDevAll(price-day[1],length);
plot dayupper=dayreg+deviations*daysd;``````
Last edited by a moderator:
you can just add this study how many ever times you need it
the Week,Day,Hr,Min is configurable through the menu
remember your chart agreggation must be equal to or smaller than what ever timeframe you choose to configure the script for
Linear Regression MTF
Code:
``````#Linear Regression MTF by XeoNoX via usethinkscript.com
#the Week,Day,Hr,Min is configurable through the menu
#remember your chart agreggation must be equal to or smaller than whatever timeframe you choose to configure the script for
input TimeFrame = AggregationPeriod.DAY;
def price = (close(period =TimeFrame));
input deviations = .8;
input length = 200; #set your channel lookback period here.
input opacity = 50;
def regression = InertiaAll(price, length);
def stdDeviation = StDevAll(price, length);
plot UpperLine = regression + deviations * stdDeviation;
plot LowerLine = regression - deviations * stdDeviation;
def dayreg=InertiaAll(price-close(period =TimeFrame)[1],length);
def daysd= StDevAll(price-close(period =TimeFrame)[1],length);
plot dayupper=dayreg+deviations*daysd;``````
Last edited:
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To access the premium indicators, which are plug and play ready, sign up for VIP membership here. | 876 | 3,834 | {"found_math": false, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 2.625 | 3 | CC-MAIN-2024-22 | latest | en | 0.771343 |
https://people.maths.bris.ac.uk/~matyd/GroupNames/154/D20.2C4.html | 1,618,154,352,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-17/segments/1618038064520.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20210411144457-20210411174457-00500.warc.gz | 544,822,648 | 6,272 | Copied to
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## G = D20.2C4order 160 = 25·5
### The non-split extension by D20 of C4 acting via C4/C2=C2
Series: Derived Chief Lower central Upper central
Derived series C1 — C10 — D20.2C4
Chief series C1 — C5 — C10 — C20 — C4×D5 — C4○D20 — D20.2C4
Lower central C5 — C10 — D20.2C4
Upper central C1 — C4 — M4(2)
Generators and relations for D20.2C4
G = < a,b,c | a20=b2=1, c4=a10, bab=a-1, cac-1=a11, cbc-1=a10b >
Subgroups: 160 in 62 conjugacy classes, 37 normal (21 characteristic)
C1, C2, C2, C4, C4, C22, C22, C5, C8, C8, C2×C4, C2×C4, D4, Q8, D5, C10, C10, C2×C8, M4(2), M4(2), C4○D4, Dic5, C20, D10, C2×C10, C8○D4, C52C8, C40, Dic10, C4×D5, D20, C5⋊D4, C2×C20, C8×D5, C8⋊D5, C2×C52C8, C5×M4(2), C4○D20, D20.2C4
Quotients: C1, C2, C4, C22, C2×C4, C23, D5, C22×C4, D10, C8○D4, C4×D5, C22×D5, C2×C4×D5, D20.2C4
Smallest permutation representation of D20.2C4
On 80 points
Generators in S80
```(1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20)(21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40)(41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60)(61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80)
(1 15)(2 14)(3 13)(4 12)(5 11)(6 10)(7 9)(16 20)(17 19)(21 23)(24 40)(25 39)(26 38)(27 37)(28 36)(29 35)(30 34)(31 33)(41 51)(42 50)(43 49)(44 48)(45 47)(52 60)(53 59)(54 58)(55 57)(61 73)(62 72)(63 71)(64 70)(65 69)(66 68)(74 80)(75 79)(76 78)
(1 75 59 30 11 65 49 40)(2 66 60 21 12 76 50 31)(3 77 41 32 13 67 51 22)(4 68 42 23 14 78 52 33)(5 79 43 34 15 69 53 24)(6 70 44 25 16 80 54 35)(7 61 45 36 17 71 55 26)(8 72 46 27 18 62 56 37)(9 63 47 38 19 73 57 28)(10 74 48 29 20 64 58 39)```
`G:=sub<Sym(80)| (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20)(21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40)(41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60)(61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80), (1,15)(2,14)(3,13)(4,12)(5,11)(6,10)(7,9)(16,20)(17,19)(21,23)(24,40)(25,39)(26,38)(27,37)(28,36)(29,35)(30,34)(31,33)(41,51)(42,50)(43,49)(44,48)(45,47)(52,60)(53,59)(54,58)(55,57)(61,73)(62,72)(63,71)(64,70)(65,69)(66,68)(74,80)(75,79)(76,78), (1,75,59,30,11,65,49,40)(2,66,60,21,12,76,50,31)(3,77,41,32,13,67,51,22)(4,68,42,23,14,78,52,33)(5,79,43,34,15,69,53,24)(6,70,44,25,16,80,54,35)(7,61,45,36,17,71,55,26)(8,72,46,27,18,62,56,37)(9,63,47,38,19,73,57,28)(10,74,48,29,20,64,58,39)>;`
`G:=Group( (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20)(21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40)(41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60)(61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80), (1,15)(2,14)(3,13)(4,12)(5,11)(6,10)(7,9)(16,20)(17,19)(21,23)(24,40)(25,39)(26,38)(27,37)(28,36)(29,35)(30,34)(31,33)(41,51)(42,50)(43,49)(44,48)(45,47)(52,60)(53,59)(54,58)(55,57)(61,73)(62,72)(63,71)(64,70)(65,69)(66,68)(74,80)(75,79)(76,78), (1,75,59,30,11,65,49,40)(2,66,60,21,12,76,50,31)(3,77,41,32,13,67,51,22)(4,68,42,23,14,78,52,33)(5,79,43,34,15,69,53,24)(6,70,44,25,16,80,54,35)(7,61,45,36,17,71,55,26)(8,72,46,27,18,62,56,37)(9,63,47,38,19,73,57,28)(10,74,48,29,20,64,58,39) );`
`G=PermutationGroup([[(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20),(21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40),(41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60),(61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80)], [(1,15),(2,14),(3,13),(4,12),(5,11),(6,10),(7,9),(16,20),(17,19),(21,23),(24,40),(25,39),(26,38),(27,37),(28,36),(29,35),(30,34),(31,33),(41,51),(42,50),(43,49),(44,48),(45,47),(52,60),(53,59),(54,58),(55,57),(61,73),(62,72),(63,71),(64,70),(65,69),(66,68),(74,80),(75,79),(76,78)], [(1,75,59,30,11,65,49,40),(2,66,60,21,12,76,50,31),(3,77,41,32,13,67,51,22),(4,68,42,23,14,78,52,33),(5,79,43,34,15,69,53,24),(6,70,44,25,16,80,54,35),(7,61,45,36,17,71,55,26),(8,72,46,27,18,62,56,37),(9,63,47,38,19,73,57,28),(10,74,48,29,20,64,58,39)]])`
40 conjugacy classes
class 1 2A 2B 2C 2D 4A 4B 4C 4D 4E 5A 5B 8A 8B 8C 8D 8E 8F 8G 8H 8I 8J 10A 10B 10C 10D 20A 20B 20C 20D 20E 20F 40A ··· 40H order 1 2 2 2 2 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 10 10 10 10 20 20 20 20 20 20 40 ··· 40 size 1 1 2 10 10 1 1 2 10 10 2 2 2 2 2 2 5 5 5 5 10 10 2 2 4 4 2 2 2 2 4 4 4 ··· 4
40 irreducible representations
dim 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 4 type + + + + + + + + + image C1 C2 C2 C2 C2 C2 C4 C4 C4 D5 D10 D10 C8○D4 C4×D5 C4×D5 D20.2C4 kernel D20.2C4 C8×D5 C8⋊D5 C2×C5⋊2C8 C5×M4(2) C4○D20 Dic10 D20 C5⋊D4 M4(2) C8 C2×C4 C5 C4 C22 C1 # reps 1 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 4 2 4 2 4 4 4 4
Matrix representation of D20.2C4 in GL4(𝔽41) generated by
0 40 0 0 1 35 0 0 0 0 27 34 0 0 34 14
,
0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 40 0 0 0 4 1
,
1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 21 0 0 16 40
`G:=sub<GL(4,GF(41))| [0,1,0,0,40,35,0,0,0,0,27,34,0,0,34,14],[0,1,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,40,4,0,0,0,1],[1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,16,0,0,21,40] >;`
D20.2C4 in GAP, Magma, Sage, TeX
`D_{20}._2C_4`
`% in TeX`
`G:=Group("D20.2C4");`
`// GroupNames label`
`G:=SmallGroup(160,128);`
`// by ID`
`G=gap.SmallGroup(160,128);`
`# by ID`
`G:=PCGroup([6,-2,-2,-2,-2,-2,-5,217,188,50,69,4613]);`
`// Polycyclic`
`G:=Group<a,b,c|a^20=b^2=1,c^4=a^10,b*a*b=a^-1,c*a*c^-1=a^11,c*b*c^-1=a^10*b>;`
`// generators/relations`
×
𝔽 | 3,248 | 5,230 | {"found_math": false, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 2.78125 | 3 | CC-MAIN-2021-17 | longest | en | 0.438108 |
http://www.studymode.com/essays/Assignment-4-1696596.html | 1,524,717,241,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-17/segments/1524125948064.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20180426031603-20180426051603-00545.warc.gz | 507,383,355 | 24,688 | # Assignment 4
Topics: Computer, Hexadecimal, Binary numeral system Pages: 3 (634 words) Published: May 15, 2013
Seminar 4 - Exercises
#1. How many cells can be in a computer's main memory if each cell's address can be represented by two hexadecimal digits? What if four hexadecimal digits are used? Explain your answer.
Hexadecimal digits is a base 16 number system and it ranges between 0 and F i.e. 0 - 9 and A - F (10 -15). (Table 1 below shows binary, decimal and hexadecimal representation). Two hexadecimal digits will be between 00 and FF and this will make up to 256 cells i.e. 0 – 255 (16 bits) and for four hexadecimal digits will be between 0000 – FFFF and this makes up to 65536 cells i.e. 0 – 65535 (32 bits).
BINARY NUMBERS| DECIMAL NUMBERS| HEXADECIMAL NUMBERS|
0000| 0| 0|
0001| 1| 1|
0010| 2| 2|
0011| 3| 3|
0100| 4| 4|
0101| 5| 5|
0110| 6| 6|
0111| 7| 7|
1000| 8| 8|
1001| 9| 9|
1010| 10| A|
1011| 11| B|
1100| 12| C|
1101| 13| D|
1110| 14| E|
1111| 15| F|
Table 1: Decimal and hexadecimal representation
#2. Suppose that only 50GB of your personal computer’s 120GB hard-disk drive is empty. Would it be reasonable to use CDs to store most of the material you have on the drive as a backup? What about DVDs? Explain your answer.
With 120GB of storage and 50GB space free that amounts to 70GB of data to back up, the maximum a CD can take is 700MB (0.7GB) that amounts to 100 CDs. The size of an average DVD-R is about 4.7GB this will make up to 15 DVDs and this makes a lot sense than using 100 CDs.
#3. Suppose three values (x, y, and z) are stored in a machine's memory. Describe the sequence of events (loading registers from memory, saving values in memory, and so on) that lead to the computation of x + y + z. How about (2x) + y?
I. To compute x + y + z, each of the values must be retrieved from memory and placed into the register, the sum of x and y must be computed placed into the registry and the value of the sum must be added to z and... | 608 | 1,978 | {"found_math": false, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 4.09375 | 4 | CC-MAIN-2018-17 | latest | en | 0.818952 |
https://gpuzzles.com/mind-teasers/counting-riddle-from-picture/ | 1,493,053,233,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-17/segments/1492917119642.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20170423031159-00420-ip-10-145-167-34.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 800,029,763 | 12,061 | • Views : 20k+
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Can you do it?
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A man of faith visits the holy land where three temple are erected in a row offering a surreal divinity to the place. Awestruck at the sight of the magnificent temples, he visits the first temple where he finds that the number of flowers in his basket increases to double the number as soon as he sets his foot inside the temple. Astonished by the miracle he is completely happy and seeks it as a blessing of his god. He offers a few flowers to the stone idol of god and moves out.
Then he visits the second temple, where the same miracle happens again. The number of flowers in his basket again double up in number. With a smile on his face, he offers a few of flowers to the stone idol again and walks out after praying.
The moment he enters the third temple, the number of flowers increases to double again. Now he feels entirely blessed. He offers all the flowers at the feet of the stone idol and walks out in a moment of bliss.
When he walks out, he has no remaining flowers with him. He offered equal number of flowers at each of the temple. What is the minimum number of flowers he had before entering the first temple? How many flowers did he offer at each temple?
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If Erica's daughter is my daughter's mom, who am I to Erica?
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If you can break that bar only along its length or breadth, how many times will you have to break to get the 1 x 1 pieces?
• Views : 80k+
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# Mind Teasers : Math IQ Question
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Adam is one of the finalist in an IQ championship. As the final test, he is provided with two hourglass. One of them can measure eleven minutes while the other one can measure thirteen minutes.
He is asked to measure exactly fifteen minutes using those two hourglasses. How will he do it ?
• Views : 80k+
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# Mind Teasers : Murder Mystery Brain Teaser
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A homicide detective is called upon a crime scene. He finds that a body is lying on the ground in front of a multistory building. By all the means, it looks like a simple suicide case. But there are doubts in his mind.
He goes to the first floor and moves into the room facing the direction of the body. He opens the window in that direction and looks down towards his team. The he goes to the second floor and again moves into the room facing that direction, opens the window and looks down at his team.
He continues with the same process till the top floor. After that, he returns back to where his team is standing. He tells them that it is a suicide.
How did he come to such a conclusion?
• Views : 40k+
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# Mind Teasers : Logic Question In Maths
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Two trains under a controlled experiment begin at a speed of 100 mph in the opposite direction in a tunnel. A supersonic bee is left in the tunnel which can fly at a speed of 1000 mph. The tunnel is 200 miles long. When the trains start running on a constant speed of 100 mph, the supersonic bee starts flying from one train towards the other. As soon as the bee reaches the second train, it starts flying back towards the first train.
If the bee keeps flying to and fro in the tunnel till the trains collide, how much distance will it have covered in total?
• Views : 40k+
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# Mind Teasers : Smart Brain Teaser
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A man wronged the king and thus he was put under a trial for murder. But the king knew that the person was innocent. Also he was suspicious that his innocence will soon come out among the people. Thus, he decided to play a game of chance on the name of their almighty god.
He summoned all the people along with the accused person. He put in two chits of paper inside a bowl. He told the people that one chit has ‘Guilty’ written over it and the other one has ‘Innocent’ written over it. He tells the people that the god will decide if the accused person is culprit or not. He then asks the person to draw a chit.
Obviously, the king is cheating and he has written ‘Guilty’ over both the chits. So no matter what chit the person picks, everybody will believe that it is lord's judgment and no one will bother to look at the other chit. Even the accused person knows it that the king had played a full proof game.
What should he do in order to be conceived as an innocent person?
• Views : 50k+
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# Mind Teasers : Trick Gift Brain Teaser
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Judging by the statements, can you decipher how many presents will be opened by Rhea?
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Which number replaces the question mark ... | 1,499 | 6,370 | {"found_math": false, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 3.5625 | 4 | CC-MAIN-2017-17 | longest | en | 0.947406 |
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# Expected Value Calculations Part 4 - Implied Odds
4,062 Views 1 Comment on 24/4/15
Our understanding of Expected Value calculations is almost complete, but in part 3, Semi-Bluffing, we recognized there is a limitation we have been overlooking.
When calculating the expected-value of a call, we have only been facing all-in bets. In this scenario we can calculate our EV with a 100% certainty. When we are not calling an all-in bet this changes. We need to make estimates about what will happen on later streets.
This article assumes you are already familiar with the concept of implied-odds and pot-odds–it is recommended you check out the article on implied odds if you aren't sure. This article is not going to be a discussion of implied odds, but rather an examination of how various factors, such as implied odds, will affect our EV calculations.
There is \$50 in the pot on the flop, with \$200 effective stacks behind. You have a flush-draw with 36% equity vs your opponents range. Your opponent bets pot-size \$50. What is the \$EV of this call?
It would be very simple to just plug the relevant numbers into our EV formula. Those of you with a good understanding of pot-odds might recognize we are getting 2:1 on a call and therefore getting 3% more equity than we actually need. It should technically be a profitable call – if we really did have 36% equity.
The problem is the \$150 still left behind on the turn, exactly a pot-sized bet. If villain decides to shove the turn we can't call. We'd be getting 2:1 on a call, but this time only with 18% equity, which clearly will be non-profitable. The problem is not with the turn however, but the fact we didn't consider on the flop how later streets might play
Let's imagine our opponent is going to shove the turn with 100% frequency. It would actually be incorrect for us to imagine we had 35% equity. Given that we will have to fold on the turn when we miss, we really only have 18% equity. If we ran the numbers on having 18% equity we'd see this is a non-profitable call.
This is still not the complete picture. If we did call, when we do hit, if villain is guaranteed to shove the turn we will make a lot more than the \$100 that is already in the pot. In fact, if villain shoved the turn with 100% frequency we'd effectively be investing \$50 to win \$250. If we take into account our implied odds we are actually getting 5:1 on a call. We'd need only 16.667% equity to make the call, and we have 18%.
## Variables on Later Streets
The key to calculating EV of a call when there are stacks behind is to acknowledge the most important variables. By “variables” we mean values that can potentially change depending on which opponent we are facing or how the hand proceeds.
1) How often will our opponent barrel on a later street?
We said our opponent is going to fire a turn barrel with 100% frequency. Why is this important? Firstly if our opponent were to barrel the turn less often it would effectively mean we had more equity. If our opponent never barrelled the turn, we could count all of our pot-equity. If we estimated he/she would barrel the turn 60% of the time we could discount our equity proportionally.
So if we expect our equity (36%) to be halved if we only see one card, rather than deducting the full half of our equity we could do -->
Full-Equity – (half-equity * barrelling-frequency)
0.36 – (0.18 * 0.6)
0.36 – 0.108 = .252 or 25.2% implied equity
2) How much will we make on a later street if our opponent bets?
In our simplified example we said that villain would shove all-in for his remaining \$150 100% of the time. Sometimes villain will not necessarily give you everything that is remaining in his stack when you hit, especially if he is a bit deeper.
Perhaps he has \$1000 left behind but you think he will only invest \$350 of that with the second-best hand. In practice you will calculate an average because villain will pay you off varying amounts depending on his hand strength. So perhaps villain has \$1000 behind when you make your flush and when he does pay you it'll work something like this →
• 40% of the time villain pays you off \$0 (check-folds)
• 30% of the time villain pays you off \$200
• 15% of the time villain pays you off \$300
• 10% of the time villain pays you off \$450
• 5% of the time villain pays you off \$1000
The most important figure to use in EV-calculations and implied-odds calculations is the average amount you will get paid. Since you get paid these amounts with varying frequencies it will also need to be a weighted-average. (Calculating averages was discussed in part 3). You could find the average amount you get paid by
(40 x \$0) + (30 x \$200) + (15 x \$300) + (10 x \$450) + (5 x \$1000) = \$200
100
\$200 is the average amount we'd make in this spot. While it's true we may sometimes get paid off \$1000, if we wanted to calculate implied odds we should use \$200, as this is the amount we will make in the long-run.
3) How often will our opponent fold on a later street?
Much of the time this is not considered as implied odds but is included in it's own category - “fold-equity”. It can still be considered a form of “implied-odds” however.
In our example with a flush draw, imagine villain will barrel the turn 50% of the time. The 50% of the time he doesn't barrel he will check-fold. If we would just check the hand down when we miss our draw, we couldn't technically make the flop-call. We don't have sufficient implied-odds because villain is not barrelling often enough when we hit our draw.
However if we were to take advantage of your opponent's tendencies to check-fold the turn we would net ourself an extra \$150, 50% of the time on the turn. Our additional equity through our chance to steal makes up for our lack of implied-odds on the flop. While “fold-equity” is not strictly the same as “implied-odds”, they counter-balance each other and both add to our (implied) equity.
## Putting it Together
Let's continue with the previous example in section 3) but run some numbers. Have a go at it yourself first. And don't worry, this is as tough as it will get in this series on EV calculations.
There is \$50 in the pot on the flop, with \$200 effective stacks behind. You have a flush-draw with 36% equity vs your opponent's range. Your opponent bets pot-size \$50. On the turn you expect your opponent will shove 50% of the time on the turn and you will have to fold unless you hit. The other 50% he will check and fold to any bet. What is the \$EV of this call?
We begin to see that EV calculations can start to become increasingly complex. In reality villain's turn play will not be this black and white. Sometimes he might check-call; sometimes he might bet an amount that isn't a shove. Maybe there is a 1/7 chance he might shove the turn with 100% frequency depending on whether it is his preferred night of the week for going out drinking or whether his wife is currently throwing objects at him. The permutations are endless. We have to draw the line somewhere and understand that we cannot calculate our EV exactly.
Let's break this problem down into stages. As discussed previously, since we need to fold on the turn if our opponent barrels we really have only 18% equity, not 36%. However, we expect to have some implied odds on our call. When we hit we expect to make an extra \$150 50% of the time. We could say that on average we expect to make \$75 every time we hit. We are therefore calling \$50 to win \$175. So to run the EV calculation purely on our call
(0.18 x \$175) – (0.82 x \$50) =
(\$31.5) - ( \$41 ) = \$-9.5
We can see that we don't quite have sufficient implied odds to make the call on the flop. We are not making enough on the turn.
However, when we miss, 50% of the time we expect our opponent to check, allowing us to take down the pot with a bluff to make \$150. The EV of the turn situation assuming we've missed is therefore \$75. We shouldn't even need the calculation for this
(0.5 x \$150) – (0.0 x \$0) = \$75
Unfortunately we can't simply add this \$75 to our flop call EV. Everything needs to be weighted appropriately – we can't just “assume” we've missed” because we only miss 82% of the time. This 82% of the time we miss our hand, we don't really lose \$50 because we immediately proceed to make an average of \$75 on the turn. We effectively make (-50 + 75) \$25 every time we “lose” (82%) and can write our EV formula --->
(0.18 x \$175) + (0.82 x \$25)
31.5 + 20.5 = \$52
Note that instead of calculating the average amount we make on the turn we could have broken the calculation down into stages. 41% (50% of 82%) of the total time we will make \$100 overall (we don't count hero's \$50 flop call as winnings) while 41% of the time we will lose \$50 (hero's flop call).
(0.18 x \$175) + (0.41 x \$100) – (0.41 x \$50) = \$52
For those of you who are struggling to follow, remember that we can simplify everything by means of a flow chart. It does takes a little longer than just thinking logically about the situation, however it is a lot easier to understand, and you are less likely to make errors this way.
(0.09 x \$250) + (0.09 x \$100) + (0.41 x \$100) – (0.41 x \$50)
\$22.5 + \$9 + \$41 - \$20.5 = \$52
In reality this is only one step more complicated than in our last article. We have 4 total outcomes rather than 3. We could easily have more than this. If villain had more realistic turn tendencies we might expect him to check-call sometimes rather than fold outright. If this were the case we'd need to factor in the size of hero's bet, because sometimes he'd lose it.
We'd also need to factor in hero's pot equity on the turn, because sometimes his bluff would fail but he'd still get there by the river. If you fancy doing further calculation try making a flow-chart for this. Imagine Villain folds 70% on the turn after he checks and hero shoves \$150, but when he calls hero will have 18% pot-equity.
This is it for intense calculation. In part 5 we will be discussing various ways of measuring EV and their relevance to us.
Read more Expected Value Calculations articles
Author
I am of British nationality and go by the online alias w34z3l. I am considered one of the top consultants in the field for technical analysis (i.e. database work) and application of game theory concepts to various card games. I make a range of educational content ( ... Read More
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suertudojackon 16/6/16
For me, everything is easier with decision trees because I actually visualize every single action. I think is good to know how to do the maths manually before using the softwares available out there :)
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May 23, 2015
# Posts by DrBob222
Total # Posts: 49,010
AP Chemistry
If you know the anode and cathode already you can get the reaction from that. At the anode you have Pb ==> Pb^+ + 2e At the cathode you have Cl2 + 2e ==> 2Cl^- Add the two half equations for the cell reaction. You can add the phases.
April 20, 2015
san jac
V proportional to n V = 3.5 when n = 5 Therefore, if n = 2.5, V must be ...?
April 20, 2015
And what qualifications do you have?
April 20, 2015
Chemistry
Yes but I would keep the 6.29 since the 536 allows for three significant figures. Don't throw numbers away unless it's necessary.
April 20, 2015
chemisty
251J x (1 L*atm/101.325 J) = 2.48 L*atm work = -p(V2-V1) -(-2.48) = 2.7(V2-0.35) Solv for V2 in L.
April 20, 2015
Chemistry
You can reason this out. pH = pKa + log (base)/(acid) So if pH = pKa, then log (base)/(acid) must be zero. Set that as an equation to get log (base)/(acid) = 0 and 10^0 = ? ? must be 1; how do you get 1 out of log(base)/(acid). The only way to obtain 1 is for (base) = (acid) ...
April 20, 2015
Chemistry
Yes, 5.75E-8 is the answer for pH = 7.24. You should do pH = -log(H3O^+), then 7.24 = -log(H3O^+) -7.24 = log(H3O^+) (H3O^+) = 10^-7.24 = 5.75E-8
April 20, 2015
Chemistry
You calculated the pOH. The question asks for pH. After you have pOH, then pOH + pH = pKw = 14. You know pKw and pOH, solve for pH.
April 20, 2015
Chemistry
You took my response correctly and the correct answer is the HCN/CN pair because if Ka = 4.9E-10 then pKa = 9.31 which is quite close to the desired pH of 9.2; therefore, it is easy to make solutions in which the ratio of base/acid is close to 1. If you use the HH equation, ...
April 20, 2015
Chemistry
Actually you don't need to use the HH equation at all. The rule is that to make a buffer you want pKa to be within about 1 unit of the desired pH. So convert each of the Ka values to pKa values and choose the one that is within about 1 unit. And if you are good at scanning...
April 20, 2015
chemistry
mols ZnO desired = grams/molar mass = ? Using the coefficients in the balanced equation, convert mols ZnO to mols O2. Then convert mols O2 to grams. g = mols x molar mass = ?
April 20, 2015
Chemistry
Please note the correct spelling of celsius. delta T = i*Kf*m The ice T is -0.4 so delta T is 0-(-.4) = 0.4 i for NaCl is 2 (two particles) Kf for water is 1.86 solve for molality.
April 20, 2015
Chemsitry
Use the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation.
April 20, 2015
gravimetric
[mass BaCrO4 ppt x (atomic mass Ba/molar mass BaCrO4)/mass sample)]*100 = %Ba For mass BaCrO4 substitute the following: (mg BaSO4 x 100/1000) into the top equation and solve for mass sample. Post your work if you get stuck.
April 20, 2015
gravimetric prob
AgCl is converted to Ag metal in the photodecomposition so the 10 mg that decomposed weighs 10mg x (atomic mass Ag/molar mass AgCl) = ? The other 10 mg does the same = ? So the new weight of the AgCl ppt is 704.7 mg - ? - ? = x mg AgCl + Ag.
April 20, 2015
gravimetric prob
Difference between initial and final weight perchlorate = mass H2O Difference between initial and final weight ascarite = mass CO2 %H = [(mass H2O x 2*atomic mass H/molar mass H2O)/mass original sample]*100 = ? % C = [(mass CO2 x atomic mass C/molar mass CO2)/mass original ...
April 20, 2015
Chemistry
NaCl added to ice lowers the freezing point of ice to below zero C, melting the ice takes energy, the energy must come form someplace; it comes from the water/ice mixture. The result is that the temperature of the ice/salt/water mixture is below zero. It can be MUCH lower than...
April 19, 2015
Chemistry
That looks ok to me but you're not allowed that many significant figures. If it were me I would round to 40.2 times.
April 19, 2015
chemistry
What do you think and why? Hint: Which will NOT change the concn of the substance in any way?
April 19, 2015
Molarity
16 g KNO3/molar mass KNO3 = mols KNO3. M of the diluted solution is mL1 x M1 = mL2 x M2 44.8 x 7.0 = 1100 x M2 Solve for M2. Then M = mols/L or L = mols/M. You know mols in the 16 g, you know M of the diluted solution, solve fo4 L of the diluted solution.
April 19, 2015
Chemistry
q = mass Cu x specific heat Cu x (Tfinal-Tinitial)
April 19, 2015
Chemistry 1002
I would do this. Calculate M of each of the solutions. 1.29 g/mL x 1000 mL x 0.38 x (1/98) = ?M 1.19 g/mL x 1000 mL x 0.26 x (1/98) = ?M Convert each to mols in the 715 mL. for the 1.29 it is ?M x 0.715 = ? for the 1.19 is is ?M x 0.715 = ? Now if you subtract the two mols you...
April 19, 2015
chem help
I assume you are to determine Ka from dGf values. Can you do that? What is Ka? For b. dG = -RTlnK. Plug in R, T, dG and solve for K. If you have the K values I can show you how to obtain % ionization.
April 19, 2015
chem
Which formula do you use? p = Kc*molarity Plug and chug.
April 19, 2015
Molarity
See your other post for the second one.
April 19, 2015
Molarity
mL1 x M1 = mL2 x M2 4.0L x 6.3M = 50L x M2 or you can do it with proportions by 6.3M x 4/50 = ?
April 19, 2015
Chemistry
dE = hc/wavelength. Plug and chug.
April 19, 2015
chem
(N2) = 4mols/2L = 2M (H2) = 2/2 = 1M (NH3) = 6/2 = 3M You should add all of the zeros on the numbers below. .......N2 + 3H2 ==> 2NH3 I.....2.0...1.0......3.0 C.....+x....+3x......-2x E.....2.0+x.1.0+3x..3.0-2x 3.0M-2x = 2.77M 3.0-2.77 = 2x and x = 0.115 Evaluate equilibrium...
April 19, 2015
chemistry
N2 + 3H2 ==> 2NH3 When gases are involved one may use a shortcut and use L as if they were mols. This is a limiting reagent problem (LR) and you know that because amounts are given for BOTH reactants. I do these the long way. How much NH3 can be produced from 6 L N2 and all...
April 19, 2015
Chemistry
I will omit the phases. TiO2 + 4HCl ---> 2H2O + TiCl4 Since this is a limiting reagent problem (LR), I always do these the long way; i.e., calculate mols product formed from BOTH and take the smaller value. First 3 mol TiO2. 3 mol TiO2 x (1 mol TiCl4/1 mol TiO2) = 3 mol ...
April 19, 2015
chem 100
That doesn't help much. We need to know what to focus on to provide the best meaningful help. So look up the values of dHo and dSo. dHorxn = (n*dH formation products) - (n*dHo formation reactants. dSorxn = (n*dSo formation products) - (n*dSo formation reactants) dSsurr = -...
April 19, 2015
chem 100
Long question. How much do you already know how to do? Exactly what do you not understand. Regarding a part, what keeps you from looking up the values for dHo and dSo? Same for dGo for c.
April 19, 2015
chem
April 19, 2015
Biochemistry
I assume the 4.77 has nothing to do with the problem or perhaps that was meant to be pKa for acetic acid. I've always used 4.74 for pKa acetic acid. You want the solution to be 0.2M so if you start with 0.2M HAc it will react with the KOH to produce acetate. Whatever you ...
April 19, 2015
Chemistry
I always have trouble with these because one never knows how negative numbers are counted when they increase or decrease. In addition the definition of lattice energy depends upon which book is used. Here is my reasoning. But first, the change is from 0.5 to 2 which is squared...
April 19, 2015
Chemistry
a. Br does follow 2N^2 b. There aren't enough electrons to fill it with more than 7. The first shell is full with 2, the second with 8 and the third with 18. That used up 28 and you have only 7 more electrons (35-28 = 7) so you place 7 electrons in the 4th shell. You don&#...
April 19, 2015
Chemistry
You know it can't be d. When is the last time you saw H2O decompose to H2 and O2 while you were watching. You must electrolyze H2O to make it do that which means you are adding energy to make it decompose so it isn't spontaneous. I might think increasing car prices are...
April 18, 2015
Science
Total mols HNO3 (too much) = M x L = ? - mols KOH added to correct = M x L = = mols HNO3 used to titrate the NaOH. Then M NaOH = mols NaOH/L NaOH. The answer is appox 0.5 M
April 18, 2015
Science
2H2 + O2 --> 2H2O When using gases, one may take a shortcut and use volume as if it were mols. 3.75L O2 x (2 mols H2/1 mol O2) = 3.75 x 2/1 = ? L H2.
April 18, 2015
Molarity question
You don't give enough information to calculate it but here is how you do it. mols FeCl3 = 0.825/162.2 = 0.00509 mols. How what was the volume you diluted this to? I will call it 250 mL but use what you did in the experiment. So for Fe in trial 1, you take 20 mL of the 250...
April 18, 2015
I would suggest you convert each of the answers into days. For example, 3 weeks x (7 days/1 week) = 21 days etc. For B, there are 24 hours in 1 day For C, there are about 30 days in a month For D, there are 24 hours in 1 day. But I assume you know all of those conversion factors.
April 17, 2015
Chemistry
Determine the empirical formula. Take 100 g sample which gives you 33.8 g C 1.42 g H 19.7 g N 45.1 g O ----------- Convert to mols. 33.8/12 = approx 2.8 C 1.42/1 = 1.42 H 19.7/14 = approx 1.41 N 45.1/16 = approx 2.8 O ------------- Find the ratio I think that is C2HNO2. The ...
April 17, 2015
type of reaction
Oh but it does. You're right, it is an acid reacting with a base to give a salt; however, the type is synthesis. Do you know the types? synthesis decomposition single replacement double replacement Here is a link. https://www.google.com/search?q=types+of+reaction&ie=utf-8&...
April 17, 2015
chemistry
..........2SO2 + O2 ==> 2SO3 I.........15.....10.......0 You don't give a Kp; I assume the reaction is to go to completion. SO2 can give 15 x 2 mols SO3/2 mols SO2 = 15 atm SO3. O2 can give 10 x 2 mols SO3/1 mol O2 = 20 mols SO3; therefore, SO2 is the limiting reagent ...
April 17, 2015
chemistry
Is this a multipart problem; i.e., is there another part of the problem in which Ea is calculated? or given? If so, what is the value of Ea in that part of the problem?
April 17, 2015
chemistry
For volume H2 unused at the end of the reaction. 4.0 mL Cl2 x (1 mol H2/1 mol Cl2) = 4.0 mL H2 used. Amount H2 left = 7.0-4.0 = 3.0 mL. So you will have 3.0 mL H2, zero mL Cl2, and 4.0 mL HCl when the reaction is finished.
April 17, 2015
Science
I agree with 1 and 3 but not 2 and 4.
April 17, 2015
Science
It appears to me that C is correct for #2. http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/40036/astronomical-unit-AU-or-au
April 17, 2015
Science
You make it so complicated to check your answers by placing them at the end. Place an asterisk by the answer so we don't need to scroll to the bottom for every question to see your answer.
April 17, 2015
Chemistry
No. I don't know what chart you are looking at but not all Pb salts are insoluble. PbI2, PbBr2, and PbCl2 are insoluble as are a number of other Pb salts. Pb(NO3)2, for example, is soluble.
April 17, 2015
biochemistry
You want how many mols? That's M x L = 0.2 M x 0.050 L = 0.01 mols. mols = grams/molar mass so grams HCl = mols HCl x molarmass HCl. That's approx 36.5 x 0.01 = about 0.365 g. Place that many grams HCl in a 50 mL volumetric flask, add DI water to the mark on the flask...
April 17, 2015
Chemistry
E = hc/wavelength You know h,c, wavelength, calculate E. Also f come either of two ways; 1. c = freq x wavelength or 2. E = h*freq.
April 17, 2015
Chemistry
See your post above. E = hc/wavelength
April 17, 2015
chemistry
part 2. I looked up the %H2SO4 in density of 1.425 g/mL and it is 52.63%. M H2SO4, then, is 1.425 g/mL x 1000 mL x 0.5263 x (1/98) = mols in 1 L and that is M.
April 17, 2015
oops--chemistry
Well, I screwed up big time. The problem says in big print H2SO4 and I used HCl.
April 17, 2015
chemistry
Equal volumes will average the % HCl so (30+70)/2 = 50% HCl. mols in 1000 mL will be 1.425 g/mL x 1000 mL x 0.50 x (1/36.5) = ? And that's the M since mols/L = M. Answer this Question
April 17, 2015
chemistry
By the way, I posted a response to your NaCl/CaCl2 ratio problem. If you haven't found it let me know and I can give youa link.
April 17, 2015
chemistry
2Al + 3H2SO4 ==> Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2 mols Al = grams/atomic mass = 0.1 mols H2SO4 used = 0.1 mol Al x (3 mols H2SO4/2 mols Al) = 0.15 mol H2SO4 used. mols H2SO4 initially = 1.18 g/mL x 75 mL x 0.247 x (1/molar mass H2SO4) = approx 0.2 but you need a better answer than that. ...
April 17, 2015
chemistry
I don't understand the problem. Na2CO3 + H2SO4 ==> Na2SO4 + H2O + CO2 There is the equation. I have no idea what "nature of the mixture" means but let's see what happens. How many grams Na2CO3 will the H2SO4 use? That's ml x N x milliequivalent weight ...
April 17, 2015
Science
Here is #2 first before we tackle #1. 2. How many types of molecules are represented? Is there a difference or what? How do I recognize an exact type? For example if there are two CO2, would that be considered 1 type? SO2 is one type, H2O is a second type, H2SO4 is a third and...
April 16, 2015
Science
An element is an element is an element. An element has ONLY one kind of atom and there are a few more than 110 elements known to man at this time. Here is a periodic table. Each symbol on the periodic table represents an element. That means that all of the atoms in that ...
April 16, 2015
Chemistry
PV = nRT and solve for n = number of mols. Then n = grams/molar mass. You know molar mass and n, solve for grams.
April 16, 2015
Science
This is all about Le Chatelier's Principle and it's easy if you just remember a couple of things. 1. The principle tells us that when a system at equilibrium is disturbed, it will react to undo what we did to it. a. An increase in pressure shifts it to the side with ...
April 16, 2015
science
Since dH is +, I include that in the equation this way. 2SO3 + heat ==> 2SO2 + O2 So an increase in heat causes the reaction to get rid of the heat and it fcan do that by shifting to the right. That's the way to use up the added heat. You're right. But if you cool ...
April 16, 2015
oops--Chemistry
I'll get in on the fray here. Irving has it wrong. Devron made a typo. I've copied Devron's work and replaced the typo part with a bold 5.0 M=[(0.0200L)*(3.0 M)+(0.0300L)*(5.0M)]/(0.0200L+0.0300L) The answer comes out to be about 4.2 which is the weighted average ...
April 16, 2015
To Jaimi--chemistry
I responded to your post(the one on ratio of +/- charges) that's way down the list (I think on page 2 or 3 by now). Here is a link. http://www.jiskha.com/display.cgi?id=1429203638
April 16, 2015
science
1. Since the values are given to more places that you have shown, I would recalculate and don't throw digits away. For example, pN2 you have only two places in your answer but more than that in the Ptotal and X. Same for H2 and NH3. Redo that. 2. Where do you go from here...
April 16, 2015
science
I should point out that the total doesn't add up to 100% (almost but not quite) so you may want to check your problem vs your post. %by volume = mole fraction or X. Therefore, XN2 = 0.96143; XH2 = 0.003506; XNH3 = 0.03506 pN2 = XN2*Ptotal pH2 = XH2*Ptotal pNH3 = XNH3*...
April 16, 2015
AP Chemistry
Did you use -p(Vfinal-Vinitial) 0.0100(5.1-3) = ? L*atm. The problem wants joules, convert by L*atm x 101.325 = ?J. Work should be a negative value; make sure to include the - sign when you enter into the database. Keep me posted.
April 16, 2015
AP Chemistry
Do you really care how many moles are there? 1 mol expanding or 100 mols expanding, the only thing that counts is volume difference and p.
April 16, 2015
chemistry
q = mass x Ccal x (Tf-Ti) q = 2.85 x Ccal x (29.19-24.05) Solve for Ccal. You will need to look up the value of q which is the heat of combustion for benzoic acid and substitute that for q. Note that heat of combustion is - but this heat is being added to the calorimeter so ...
April 16, 2015
Chmistry
Note that you have the equation going from right to left. If that's the way you want it, ok. This is Le Chatelier's Principle which, in basic words, tells us that when we stress a system at equilibrium it will try to undo what we did to it. I'm going to rewrite the...
April 16, 2015
chemistry
Is this an introductory course; how complicated can it get? I wuld think you could add enough NaOH solution (weak) to neutralize the acid and that makes it soluble. Then you can filter the sand and dump it. Back to the aqueous solution, add HCl to bring the benzoic acid back ...
April 16, 2015
chemistry
2C2H6 + 7O2 --> 4CO2 + 6H2O + 2834 kJ How many kJ does it take to do the water thing. q1 = heat needed to heat H2O from 54 C to 100. q1 = mass H2O x specific heat H2O x (Tfinal-Tinitial) q2 = heat needed to boil away the water. q2 = mass H2O x heat vaporiation. Total heat ...
April 16, 2015
Science
You would do better to place asterisks next to your answers. Scrolling down to see your answer, back up to see the choices, back down to see answers is too time consuming.
April 16, 2015
Chemistry
It would be more than nice if you didn't switch screen names.
April 16, 2015
Chemistry
Reverse the Cd half cell and add to the Cu half cell as written. Calculate Eo cell. Then dG = -nFEcell. n is 2 and F is 96,485.
April 16, 2015
Chemistry
Ag.............0.8.........? Cu ...........+0.34.........0 H..............0..........-0.34 Ni...........-0.23..........? You just move everything down the page from Cu to h so you reduce everything by 0.34.
April 16, 2015
Chemistry
q1 = heat needed to raise T of solid ice from -10 to solid ice at 0 C. q1 = mass ice x specific heat ice x (Tfinal-Tinitial) q2 = heat needed to melt ice (change solid ice to liquid water). q2 = mass ice x heat fusion. Total = q1 + q2
April 16, 2015
Chemistry
If you have a Ag electrode dipping into the mixed solution and a Cu electrode dipping into the mixed solution, you get the battery reaction up front; i.e., Cu + 2Ag^+ ==> Cu^2+ + Ag(s)
April 16, 2015
chemistry
Obviously reduction is the gain of electrons.
April 16, 2015
chemistry
Oxidation is the loss of electrons.
April 16, 2015
chemistry
.........HX + NaOH ==> NaX + H2O mols NaOH taken = M x L = ? mols HX = mols NaOH since 1 mol HX = 1 mol NaOH in the balanced equation. Then mols HX = grams HX/molar mass HX. You know grams and mols, solve for molar mass.
April 16, 2015
Chemistry
mols CaCO3 = grams/molar mass = ? Using the coefficients in the balanced equation, convert mols CaCO3 to mols CaO. Now convert mols CaO to grams CaO with g = mols x molar mass = ?
April 16, 2015
chemistry
I don't see a question here. M = mols/L = 0.947/0.1 = ?M
April 16, 2015
chemistry
3.78 g NaCl/100 mL = 37.8 g/L solution and that's how many mols. 37.8/molar mass = approx 0.6 mols/L but you need answer than this estimate. This makes (Cl^-) = approx 0.6M You want to make 250 mL of BaCl2 and since BaCl2 has 2 Cl atoms/1 Bacl2 molecule, you only need 0.3 ...
April 16, 2015
chemistry
Let's assume for the moment the water is not there. How many mols do we want. That is M x L = mols = 0.5 x 60 = ? (I've used molarity since mols and equivalents for NaOH are the same). How many grams is that? grams = mols x molar mass IF IT WERE PURE STUFF BUT IT'S...
April 16, 2015
Inorganic chem
muriatic acid is HCl. HCl + NaHCO3 ==> NaCl + H2O + CO2 mols HCl = M x L = ? mols NaHCO3 = mols HCl since 1 mol HCl reacts with 1 mol NaHCO3. Then g NaHCO3 = mols NaHCO3 x molar mass NaHCO3.
April 16, 2015
chemistry
This is a limiting reagent (LR) problem and you know that because amounts are given for BOTH reactants. I do these the long way---easier to exlpain for me. AgNO3 + HCl ==> AgCl + HNO3 mols AgNO3 = grams/molar mass = ? mols HCl = M x L = ? Using the coefficients in the ...
April 16, 2015
Chemistry
Ba(NO3)2 + Na2SO4 ==> BaSO4 + 2NaNO3 mols Ba(NO3)2 = M x L = ? Using the coefficients in the balanced equation, convert mols Ba(NO3)2 to mols Na2SO4. Then M Na2SO4 = mols Na2SO4/L Na2SO4. You know mols and M, solve for L and convert to mL.
April 16, 2015
chemistry
I think what you want to do is this. Let's take a volume (choose anything but I'll pick 100 mL of the 0.2M NaCl) and calculate the amount of CaCl2 needed to meet the problem. 100 mL of 0.2M NaCl + xmL of 0.1M CaCl2, we have millimols + charge = 100*0.2 = 20 for Na in ...
April 16, 2015
Chemistry
Do you mean to boil all of the water away? That's q = mass H2O x heat vaporization Or do you mean to boil the first molecule of water? If so that takes much less heat.
April 16, 2015
Chemistry
All of these are worked with that magical formula of q = mc*delta T q = 90 x specific heat H2O x (Tfinal-Tinitial) specific heat H2O is 4.184 J/g*C Tf = 100 Ti = 0
April 16, 2015
Chemistry
It's the old q = m*heat vaporization m = 3.15g/18 = ? mols H2O heat vap = 44.0 kJ/mol q = ? kJ.
April 16, 2015
Science
It can't possibly be A. Why? There are 8 atoms Fe on the left and 5 on the right. There are 8 atoms S on the left and none on the right. Don't guess. Count the atoms on the left and see if that number is on the right. If not that one can't be the answer.
April 16, 2015
Science
I think you are right.
April 16, 2015
chemistry
That's my answer too but I think you should say the answer is 1.25%. By the way, it would be much better for everyone if you didn't change screen names. We can follow the thread better with the same name. It also helps on follow up questions to have the same screen name.
April 16, 2015
chemistry
I disagree with 0.15%. It's 0.15 as a fraction or 15% as a percent but not both at the same time. 15% x 25/300 = ?% Or you can do 0.15 x 25/300 and convert that fraction to a % by x 100 = ?
April 16, 2015
chemistry
Use PV = nRT and solve for mols NH3. I get about 0.016 but you need to do it more accurately. 2NH3 + H2SO4 => (NH4)2SO4 N H2SO4 = # equivalents/L #equivalents NH3 = 0.016 2 mols NH3 = 1 mol H2SO4 or 1 equivalent NH3 = 1/2 mol H2SO4 N H2SO4 = approx 0.016/2/0.134 = ?
April 16, 2015
Members | 7,135 | 21,727 | {"found_math": false, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 3.015625 | 3 | CC-MAIN-2015-22 | longest | en | 0.920431 |
http://codepad.org/mep234X6 | 1,582,164,220,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-10/segments/1581875144498.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20200220005045-20200220035045-00237.warc.gz | 33,238,742 | 3,550 | ```1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 ``` ```#include #include #include #define MAX 100 void nhap (float a[], int &n) { do { printf("\nNhap so phan tu: "); scanf("%d", &n); if(n <= 0 || n > MAX) { printf("\nSo phan tu khong hop le. Xin kiem tra lai !"); } }while(n <= 0 || n > MAX); for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) { printf("\nNhap a[%d]: ", i); scanf("%f", &a[i]); } } void xuat(float a[], int n) { for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) { printf("%8.3f", a[i]); } } /* n = 6.9 phannguyen = (int)(6.9) = 6 phan le = 6.9 - 6 = 0.9 */ void ThaySoGanNhat(float &n) { int phannguyen = (int)(n); float phanle = n - phannguyen; // làm tròn if(phanle <= 0.5) { n = (float)phannguyen; } else { n = (float)phannguyen + 1; } } // Giống như làm tròn void ThayCacPhanTuTrongMangBangSoNguyenGanNoNhat(float a[], int n) { for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) { ThaySoGanNhat(a[i]); } } int main() { int n; float a[MAX]; nhap(a, n); xuat(a, n); ThayCacPhanTuTrongMangBangSoNguyenGanNoNhat(a, n); printf("\nMang sau khi lam tron: "); xuat(a, n); getch(); return 0; } ```
```1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 ``` ```Line 17: error: conio.h: No such file or directory Line 6: error: expected ';', ',' or ')' before '&' token In function 'xuat': Line 26: error: 'for' loop initial declaration used outside C99 mode t.c: At top level: Line 38: error: expected ';', ',' or ')' before '&' token In function 'ThayCacPhanTuTrongMangBangSoNguyenGanNoNhat': Line 56: error: 'for' loop initial declaration used outside C99 mode ``` | 688 | 1,642 | {"found_math": false, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 2.625 | 3 | CC-MAIN-2020-10 | longest | en | 0.168065 |
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# Profit margin
From Wikipedia, in a visual modern way
Profit margin is a measure of profitability. It is calculated by finding the profit as a percentage of the revenue.[1]
${\displaystyle {\text{Profit Margin}}={100\cdot {\text{Profit}} \over {\text{Revenue}}}={{100\cdot ({\text{Sales}}-{\text{Total Expenses}})} \over {\text{Revenue}}}}$
There are 3 types of profit margins: gross profit margin, operating profit margin and net profit margin.
• Gross Profit Margin is calculated as gross profit divided by net sales (percentage). Gross Profit is calculated by deducting the cost of goods sold (COGS) from the revenue, that is all the direct costs. This margin compares revenue to variable cost. It is calculated as:
${\displaystyle {\text{Gross Profit}}={\text{Revenue}}-({\text{Direct materials}}+{\text{Direct labor}}+{\text{Factory overhead}})}$
${\displaystyle {\text{Net Sales}}={\text{Revenue}}-{\text{Cost of Sales Returns}}-{\text{Allowances and Discounts}}}$
${\displaystyle {\text{Gross Profit Margin}}={100\cdot {\text{Gross Profit}} \over {\text{Net Sales}}}}$
• Operating Profit Margin includes the cost of goods sold and is the earning before interest and taxes (EBIT) known as operating income divided by revenue. It is calculated as:
${\displaystyle {\text{Operating Profit Margin}}={100\cdot {\text{Operating Income}} \over {\text{Revenue}}}}$
• Net profit margin is net profit divided by revenue. Net profit is calculated as revenue minus all expenses from total sales.
${\displaystyle {\text{Net Profit Margin}}={100\cdot {\text{Net profit}} \over {\text{Revenue}}}}$
## Overview
Profit margin is calculated with selling price (or revenue) taken as base times 100. It is the percentage of selling price that is turned into profit, whereas "profit percentage" or "markup" is the percentage of cost price that one gets as profit on top of cost price. While selling something one should know what percentage of profit one will get on a particular investment, so companies calculate profit percentage to find the ratio of profit to cost.
The profit margin is used mostly for internal comparison. It is difficult to accurately compare the net profit ratio for different entities. Individual businesses' operating and financing arrangements vary so much that different entities are bound to have different levels of expenditure, so that comparison of one with another can have little meaning. A low profit margin indicates a low margin of safety: higher risk that a decline in sales will erase profits and result in a net loss, or a negative margin.
Profit margin is an indicator of a company's pricing strategies and how well it controls costs. Differences in competitive strategy and product mix cause the profit margin to vary among different companies.[2]
• If an investor makes $10 revenue and it cost them$1 to earn it, when they take their cost away they are left with 90% margin. They made 900% profit on their $1 investment. • If an investor makes$10 revenue and it cost them $5 to earn it, when they take their cost away they are left with 50% margin. They made 100% profit on their$5 investment.
• If an investor makes $10 revenue and it cost them$9 to earn it, when they take their cost away they are left with 10% margin. They made 11.11% profit on their $9 investment. ## Profit Percentage On the other hand, profit percentage is calculated with cost taken as base: ${\displaystyle {\text{Profit Percentage}}={100\cdot {\text{Net Profit}} \over {\text{Cost}}}}$ Suppose that something is bought for$40 and sold for $100. Cost =$40
Revenue = \$100
${\displaystyle {\text{Profit}}=\100-\40=\60}$
${\displaystyle {\text{Profit percentage}}={\frac {100\times \60}{\40}}=150\%}$
${\displaystyle {\text{Profit margin}}={\frac {100\times (\100-\40)}{\100}}=60\%}$
${\displaystyle {\text{Return on investment multiple}}={\frac {\60}{\40}}=1.5}$ (profit divided by cost).
If the revenue is the same as the cost, profit percentage is 0%. The result above or below 100% can be calculated as the percentage of return on investment. In this example, the return on investment is a multiple of 1.5 of the investment, corresponding to a 150% gain.
## Importance of Profit Margin
Profit margin in an economy reflects the profitability of any business and enables relative comparisons between small and large businesses. It is a standard measure to evaluate the potential and capacity of a business in generating profits. These margins help business determine their pricing strategies for goods and services. The pricing is influenced by the cost of their products and the expected profit margin. pricing errors which create cash flow challenges can be detected using profit margin concept and prevent potential challenges and losses in an entity.[1]
Profit Margin is also used by businesses and companies to study the seasonal patterns and changes in the performance and further detect operational challenges. For example, a negative or zero profit margin indicates that the sales of a business does not suffice or it is failing to manage its expenses. This encourages business owners to identify the areas which inhibit growth such as inventory accumulation, under-utilized resources or high cost of production.
Profit Margins are important whilst seeking credit and is often used as collateral. They are important to investors who base their predictions on many factors, one of which is the profit margin. It is used to compare between companies and influences the decision of investment in a particular venture. To attract investors, a high profit margin is preferred while comparing with similar businesses.
Source: "Profit margin", Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, (2022, August 15th), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Profit_margin.
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###### References
1. ^ a b "profit margin Definition". Investor Words. InvestorGuide.com. Retrieved December 17, 2009.
2. ^ "profit margin". TheFreeDictionary.com. Retrieved December 17, 2009.
###### Categories
The content of this page is based on the Wikipedia article written by contributors..
The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike Licence & the media files are available under their respective licenses; additional terms may apply. | 1,398 | 6,338 | {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 11, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 1, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 3.015625 | 3 | CC-MAIN-2023-14 | latest | en | 0.868712 |
https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/2025530/there-does-not-exist-an-injective-function-whose-codomain-is-smaller-than-its-do | 1,561,566,287,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-26/segments/1560628000367.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20190626154459-20190626180459-00301.warc.gz | 522,658,647 | 35,271 | # there does not exist an injective function whose codomain is smaller than its domain
I encountered this theorem on Wiki "there does not exist an injective function whose codomain is smaller than its domain". Here is my attempt to prove it, can you please have a look if this proof is OK?
Proof: Let's say we have: $f:A\to B$ where $|A| = N$ and $|B| = M$. Let's take all elements from $A$:
$a_1,\cdots ,a_N$ and by mapping them, we get:
$f(a_1),\cdots , f(a_N)$.
There can't exist two same elements in latter list (according to injection). Which means there need to be at least N distinct elements in B. This can't hold if $M < N$.
The continuous case is not true, $f(x) = x/2$ for $0\le x\le 1$, so you really need the assumption that the domain is a finite set.
• @Pieter21 $(0,1)$ and $(0,1/2)$ have the same cardinality so in that sense the statement still holds true in the infinite case. – dxiv Nov 22 '16 at 18:01 | 268 | 928 | {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 1, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 3.359375 | 3 | CC-MAIN-2019-26 | longest | en | 0.919511 |
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# Giselle: The government needs to ensure that the public
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Giselle: The government needs to ensure that the public [#permalink]
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25 Aug 2009, 20:13
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Giselle: The government needs to ensure that the public consumes less petroleum. When things cost more, people buy and use less of them. Therefore, the government should raise the sales tax on gasoline, a major petroleum product.
Antoine: The government should not raise the sales tax on gasoline. Such an increase would be unfair to gasoline users. If taxes are to be increased, the increases should be applied in such a way that they spread the burden of providing the government with increased revenues among many people, not just the users of gasoline.
As a rebuttal of Giselle’s argument, Antoine’s response is ineffective because
(A) he ignores the fact that Giselle does not base her argument for raising the gasoline sales tax on the government’s need for increase revenues
(B) he fails to specify how many taxpayers there are who are not gasoline users
(C) his conclusion is based on an assertion regarding unfairness, and unfairness is a very subjective concept
(D) he mistakenly assumes that Giselle wants a sales tax increase only on gasoline
(E) he makes the implausible assumption that the burden of increasing government revenues can be more evenly distributed among the people through other means besides increasing the gasoline sales tax
[Reveal] Spoiler:
A
If you have any questions
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25 Aug 2009, 23:27
Good question. I got it right.
(A) he ignores the fact that Giselle does not base her argument for raising the gasoline sales tax on the government’s need for increase revenues >> CORRECT. Giselle is talking about reduction in consumption and Antoine is concerned about who should be taxed rather than providing alternative means for reducing consumption.
(B) he fails to specify how many taxpayers there are who are not gasoline users >> Irrelevant. There is no need to evaluate the number of taxpayers
(C) his conclusion is based on an assertion regarding unfairness, and unfairness is a very subjective concept >> Irrelevant. The argument is not whether something is fair or unfair.
(D) he mistakenly assumes that Giselle wants a sales tax increase only on gasoline >> Irrelevant. Giselle already mentioned that she is talking about gasoline as it is a MAJOR petroleum product.
(E) he makes the implausible assumption that the burden of increasing government revenues can be more evenly distributed among the people through other means besides increasing the gasoline sales tax >> Irrelevant. How to tax people? Eh!
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26 Aug 2009, 00:58
Cearly A
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26 Aug 2009, 07:46
Agree A
If I'm not mistaken this is a shift of scope question. Antoine does not attack the issue raised in Giselle's argument but attacks the solution instead.
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26 Aug 2009, 07:59
+1 for A.
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Re: CR 1 [#permalink] 26 Aug 2009, 07:59
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https://codereview.stackexchange.com/questions/283641/command-line-calculator-in-c | 1,701,744,144,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100540.62/warc/CC-MAIN-20231205010358-20231205040358-00612.warc.gz | 212,282,207 | 50,043 | Command line calculator in C
This code is an arithmetic parser as is the code in a previous question of mine. However this parser handles floating point arguments and mathematical functions, and handles them without needing to define a new function for every precedence level. The component to parse function names is the topic of a different previous question of mine.
The code uses a recursive approach to parse strings of mathematical expressions. u is short for unary, which handles individual terms, such as individual numbers, functions, or parenthesized expressions. b is short for binary, which handles the binary operators. Associativity and precedence is respected. The first term is evaluated. Then, any operators operating on it are checked. If they are found, the right operand of the operator is recursively evaluated by passing the precedence operator to the function. The function only evaluates until an operator of precedence lower or equal (for right-to-left associativity) or lower (for left-to-right associativity) precedence is encountered. As such, the recursion ends, and the previous recursion level handles the rest. The workings are complicated but I am trying my best to explain them.
As always, if my code is needlessly non-portable, or could use general improvement advice, corrections or comments would be appreciated.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <math.h>
static size_t l;
static int c(const void *const restrict a, const void *const restrict b) {
const unsigned char *const sa = *(const unsigned char *const *)a, *const sb = *(const unsigned char *const *)b;
const int cmp = memcmp(sa, sb, l = strlen((const char *)sb));
return cmp ? cmp : isalpha(sa[l]) ? sa[l]-sb[l] : 0;
}
static double (*func(const char **const str))(double) {
static const char *const s[] = {"abs", "acos", "acosh", "asin", "asinh", "atan", "atanh", "cbrt", "ceil", "cos", "cosh", "erf", "erfc", "exp", "expb", "floor", "gamma", "lgamma", "lb", "ln", "log", "round", "sin", "sinh", "sqrt", "tan", "tanh", "trunc"};
static double (*const f[])(double) = {fabs, acos, acosh, asin, asinh, atan, atanh, cbrt, ceil, cos, cosh, erf, erfc, exp, exp2, floor, tgamma, lgamma, log2, log, log10, round, sin, sinh, sqrt, tan, tanh, trunc};
const char *const *const r = bsearch(str, s, sizeof(s)/sizeof(*s), sizeof(*s), c);
if (r) {
*str += l;
return f[r-s];
}
return NULL;
}
static double u(const char **);
static double b(const char **const str, const unsigned l) {
*str += l != 0; // l will only be nonzero if recursively called by b, in which case there is an operator character to skip over
for (double r = u(str);;) {
while (isspace(**str))
++*str;
switch (**str) {
case '^':
if (l <= 3) // Using <= instead of < gives ^ right-to-left associativity
r = pow(r, b(str, 3));
else
break;
continue;
case '*':
if (l < 2)
r *= b(str, 2);
else
break;
continue;
case '/':
if (l < 2)
r /= b(str, 2);
else
break;
continue;
case '%':
if (l < 2)
r = fmod(r, b(str, 2));
else
break;
continue;
case '+':
if (l < 1)
r += b(str, 1);
else
break;
continue;
case '-':
if (l < 1)
r -= b(str, 1);
else
break;
continue;
}
return r;
}
}
static double u(const char **const str) {
while (isspace(**str))
++*str;
if (isdigit(**str) || **str == '.')
return strtod(*str, (char **)str);
if (isalpha(**str)) {
double (*f)(double) = func(str);
if (f)
return f(u(str));
} else switch (*(*str)++) {
case '+':
return +u(str);
case '-':
return -u(str);
case '(': {
register const double r = b(str, 0);
if (*(*str)++ == ')')
return r;
}
}
return NAN;
}
#include <errno.h>
int main(const int argc, const char *const *argv) {
while (*++argv)
if (printf("%g\n", b(&(const char *){*argv}, 0)) < 0)
return EXIT_FAILURE;
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
• Thank you for explaining that u / b is short for unary / binary; that is invaluable documentation for the current code. But it should be superfluous. Just declare static double unary and be done with it. In a related vein, sometimes l denotes length and sometimes a precedence level. Add two or so characters to at least one of those identifiers already. Consider stack allocating it rather than using static, so it goes out of scope. Don't compilers mostly ignore "register" advice these days? It's too bad we don't have a bunch of pairs that look like ("abs", fabs), ...
– J_H
Feb 28 at 22:04
• int main(const int argc, const char *const *argv) { while (*++argv) ====> I suggest looking at your last review. Mar 1 at 0:48
• @chux-ReinstateMonica The only side effect of that is . is parsed as 0. c() is used as the comparison function for bsearch(). Mar 1 at 1:05
• You have linked previous reviews, but don't seem to have learnt from them. Why should anyone volunteer to review your code if you ignore most suggestions? Mar 1 at 16:26
• ...more specifically, your code invokes undefined behaviour (would likely result in a segmentation violation signal) because you didn't check if argv was valid before dereferencing it. It could easily be rendered NULL. And what do you suppose the register keyword does? Mar 1 at 17:02
Avoid global variables for this task
The key problem, in this case, is the added difficultly in proving code correctness.
Alternative:
In func(), instead of *str += l;, use *str += strlen(r);
Note: use of l as a global and l as a local variable decreases code clarity.
I'd re-write it further:
#define SL(s) (s), sizeof (s) - 1
struct {
const char *name;
unsigned len;
double (*const func)(double);
} pairs[] = {
{ SL("abs"), abs},
{ SL("acosh"), acosh},
...
};
#undef SL
... and then bsearch() on pairs and avoid all strlen() calls.
Formatting
First, use an auto-formatter.
Target your audience. On this site, the width of your code is about 310% the width of the window. Adjust your auto formatting to stay within 120%, or even 100%.
Plan for the future
Move the parsing code to another file, say dparse.c. Form dparse.h and main.c.
That way your good work can now readily get used on larger applications.
Detect no conversion
Do not assume a convertible string must begin with a digit/'.'. Other possibilities include , (other locale), i, I, n, N, ....
strtod() also has "In other than the "C" locale, additional locale-specific subject sequence forms may be accepted."
The only side effect of that is . is parsed as 0 is not wholly correct.
Better to let strtod() determine what is convertible.
// if (isdigit(**str) || **str == '.')
// return strtod(*str, (char **)str);
char *endptr;
double val = strtod(*str, &endptr);
if (*str == endptr) {
// Handle no conversion
} else {
*str = endptr;
return val;
}
Code then likely needs to test for +, - first.
• 'In func(), instead of *str += l;, use *str += strlen(r);.' I would rather not recalculate the strlen unnecessarily. A quick and dirty fix was to use a global variable. A new solution was to manually add the length to the string pointer from within the c function upon returning 0. 'Better to let strtod() determine what is convertible.' The digit() and == '.' was another quick and dirty fix. Thanks for the alternative suggestion that I had not yet thought of. Mar 1 at 21:21
• But your new solution that avoids all strlen calls might be even better. Mar 1 at 21:31
• I dislike the macro that expands s twice. But it's used in a very small scope, and with an #undef immediately following, I would grudgingly pass that. Mar 2 at 11:18
• @user16217248, Macros that expand their arguments more than once are a serious bug risk, because when arguments with side-effects get substituted, those side-effects are repeated despite appearing just once in the unexpanded source (standard example: MACRO(++i)). That's why I dislike them, and strive to avoid them whenever possible. In this particular case, the benefit is probably worthwhile, but adding #undef SL as soon as reasonably possible would be a help to reviewers and future maintainers, as that keeps the danger clearly isolated. Mar 2 at 15:35
• @TobySpeight Had I taken more time, It think a macro (better named too) to initialize all members would be cleanest: #define PAIRS_INIT(s, f) (s), sizeof (s) - 1, (f) ... { PAIRS_INIT("abs", abs)}, ... #undef PAIRS_INIT. Mar 2 at 17:58
General Observations
I'm going to address coding style here, since the code is almost unreadable.
If you are interested in getting your code reviewed you may want to pay attention to what the reviewers say. In an earlier review @chux-ReinstateMonica wrote this:
Non-standard main() signature
Drop the const.
Some compilers may whine. Note: "The parameters argc and argv and the strings pointed to by the argv array shall be modifiable by the program," C17dr § 5.1.2.2.1 2.
There is really no point in reviewing your code if you aren't going to use our suggestions.
The code is very hard to follow.
Vertical Spacing
The code needs vertical white space to improve readability. Generally logic blocks should be separated by blank lines, functions should definitely be separated by blank lines.
This was mentioned by @chux-ReinstateMonica in a previous review.
Line Length
Limit the length of any lines so that the reader does not lose track of the line they are on. Old screens were limited to 80 characters of width, it isn't necessary to stick to 80 characters, but it would be best to keep it under 100 characters. Having to do horizontal scrolling while reading code is bad.
Variable and Function Names
The use of single character or 2 character variable names reduces the readability of the code. If u stands for unary use unary because it is clearer and doesn't need a paragraph to explain it.
static size_t l;
The variable l above is global to the file, a single character global variable is definitely a bad practice because finding it will be very difficult.
Late Include File
Why isn't the include for errno.h up with the other include files at the top of the file? Why is errno.h included at all since it doesn't seem to be used.
• And of course, l is one of the worst variable names to use at any time, due to its visual similarity with 1. Mar 1 at 16:21
• @TobySpeight Absolutely! Mar 1 at 16:58
• @TobySpeight No l object names is a good idea, especially around Christmas ;-). Mar 1 at 18:03
• Code's use of const is overdone here in function definitions and reduces clarity, especially on short functions. It is never needed in function declarations. On long functions, it has some merit, yet it use falls into a style issue. Style issues are best coded against group's coding standard - so I tend to avoid those holy wars. I suspect if you coded all this with and without const parameters and inquired what most folks like, they would choose without. IAC, best to leave main() alone - it is special (read C spec 5.1.2.2.1 Program startup) & no need to be any different here. Mar 1 at 22:09
• @user16217248 Should you desire to post another iteration, take your time (at least a week, maybe month) and reflect on all the feedback in this and previous posts/answers. Mar 1 at 22:15
Don't write clever code:
if (printf("%g\n", b(&(const char *){*argv}, 0)) < 0)
You know you’re brilliant, but maybe you’d like to understand what you did 2 weeks from now.
Similarly, this expression return cmp ? cmp : isalpha(sa[l]) ? sa[l]-sb[l] : 0; seems to say: Read my code, and tremble.
Yes, you should write concise code, but not to the point where it hurts readability. I'd rather opt for an if/else here.
Don’t put multiple statements on a single line unless you have something to hide:
const unsigned char *const sa = *(const unsigned char *const *)a, *const sb = *(const unsigned char *const *)b;
Multiple assignments, either. The above snippet is better as:
const unsigned char *const sa = *(const unsigned char *const *)a;
const unsigned char *const sb = *(const unsigned char *const *)b;
Use descriptive function/variable names:
"u is short for unary, which handles individual terms, such as individual numbers, functions, or parenthesized expressions. b is short for binary."
Names must be recognizable and quickly distinguishable. The above comment wouldn't be required if the functions used self-descriptive names. parse_unary() is self-descriptive, u() is not. parse_binary() is self-descriptive, b() is not.
Aside: The follow-up failed to show any significant improvements. I do not see any, or most of, the changes @chux suggested in this answer. People would be more likely to review your code if you'd take their suggestions into consideration.
And I appreciate you for using EXIT_SUCCESS and EXIT_FAILURE instead of magic numbers.
• The 'clever' code seems the most straightforward way to me to write If printf fails, exit with failure status. Maybe I should have added a comment explaining this line. Mar 1 at 19:07
• As an observer, I agree that if (printf(…) < 0) is natural. However, embedding the call to b() within the printf() is too dense for my taste (especially with that cast which wouldn't be necessary if you used a standard signature for main()). Mar 2 at 7:58
• @TobySpeight It's not a cast, it's a compound literal, to create an anonymous copy in case modifying the values of argv is problematic for whatever reason. Mar 4 at 4:13
• "Complexity is more apparent to readers than writers. If you write a piece of code and it seems simple to you, but other people think it is complex, then it is complex. “Obvious” is in the mind of the reader: it’s easier to notice that someone else’s code is nonobvious than to see problems with your own code. If someone reading your code says it’s not obvious, then it’s not obvious, no matter how clear it may seem to you." — A Philosophy of Software Design, John Ousterhout Mar 6 at 8:57 | 3,436 | 13,705 | {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 1, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 2.546875 | 3 | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | latest | en | 0.802347 |
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Topic: Why can no one in sci.math understand my simple point?
Replies: 660 Last Post: Dec 7, 2017 8:06 AM
Messages: [ Previous | Next ]
Peter Webb Posts: 945 Registered: 12/6/04
Re: Why can no one in sci.math understand my simple point?
Posted: Jun 19, 2010 2:44 AM
"Tim Little" <tim@little-possums.net> wrote in message
news:slrni1ole2.jrj.tim@soprano.little-possums.net...
> On 2010-06-19, Peter Webb <webbfamily@DIESPAMDIEoptusnet.com.au> wrote:
>>> The relevant point: the *only* input to the Turing machine in the
>>> definition is n. The rest of the tape must is blank. Peter
>>> apparently believes that a number is still computable even if the
>>> Turing machine must be supplied with an infinite amount of input (the
>>> list of reals).
>>
>> No.
>
> Oh? Then what leads you to believe that the antidiagonal of a (not
> necessarily recursive) list of computable reals is computable?
>
Cantor provides an explicit construction for the 1st digit, the second
digit, the third digit, etc.
If you give me a list of Computable Reals, its trivially easy to explicitly
construct the anti-diagonal to any degree of accuracy.
>
>> Do you agree that Cantor's diagonal proof when applied to a
>> purported list of all computable Reals will produce a computable
>> Real not on the list
>
> No, for the fifth time now. The antidiagonal of a list of all
> computable real is not computable. How many more times would you like
> me to repeat this simple and mathematically obvious statement?
>
Basically, zero more times, because its crap.
If you don't believe that I can explicitly construct a Real not on any list
of computable Reals you give me, try giving me a list of computable Reals
and I will produce a missing computable Real to any required degree of
accuracy.
The only restriction I place is the restriction that Cantor also placed -
that I can go through the list, and identify the nth digit of the nth item
for all n.
After all, I am trying to make my proof exactly the same as Cantor's, but
with the only difference being the word "computable" in front of the word
"Real".
>
> - Tim
Date Subject Author
6/15/10 |-|ercules
6/15/10 jaimie
6/15/10 Peter Webb
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6/27/10 Frederick Williams | 7,064 | 16,076 | {"found_math": false, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 2.9375 | 3 | CC-MAIN-2018-22 | longest | en | 0.889719 |
https://eg-old.meansofproduction.biz/eg/index.php?title=Time_dilation&direction=next&oldid=6705 | 1,670,627,628,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-49/segments/1669446711552.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20221209213503-20221210003503-00537.warc.gz | 262,924,400 | 26,062 | # Time dilation
## English Lede
Time dilation is a phenomenon (or two phenomena, as mentioned below) described by the theory of relativity. It can be illustrated by supposing that two observers are in motion relative to each other, and/or differently situated with regard to nearby gravitational masses. They each carry a clock of identically similar construction and function. Then, the point of view of each observer will generally be that the other observer's clock is in error (has changed its rate).
There are two kinds of time dilation, and both can operate together.
## Overview of time dilation
Time dilation can arise from (1) relative velocity of motion between the observers, and (2) difference in their distance from gravitational mass.
(1) In the case that the observers are in relative uniform motion, and far away from any gravitational mass, the point of view of each will be that the other's (moving) clock is ticking at a slower rate than the local clock. The faster the relative velocity, the more is the rate of time dilation. This case is sometimes called special relativistic time dilation. It is often interpreted as time "slowing down" for the other (moving) clock. But that is only true from the physical point of view of the local observer, and of others at relative rest (i.e. in the local observer's frame of reference). The point of view of the other observer will be that again the local clock (this time the other clock) is correct, and it is the distant moving one that is slow. From a local perspective, time registered by clocks that are at rest with respect to the local frame of reference (and far from any gravitational mass) always appears to pass at the same rate.[1]
(2) There is another case of time dilation, where both observers are differently situated in their distance from a significant gravitational mass, such as (for terrestrial observers) the Earth or the Sun. One may suppose for simplicity that the observers are at relative rest (which is not the case of two observers both rotating with the Earth -- an extra factor described below). In the simplified case, the general theory of relativity describes how, for both observers, the clock that is closer to the gravitational mass, i.e. deeper in its "gravity well", appears to go slower than the clock that is more distant from the mass (or higher in altitude away from the center of the gravitational mass). That does not mean that the two observers fully agree: each still makes the local clock to be correct; the observer more distant from the mass (higher in altitude) makes the other clock (closer to the mass, lower in altitude) to be slower than the local correct rate, and the observer situated closer to the mass (lower in altitude) makes the other clock (farther from the mass, higher in altitude) to be faster than the local correct rate. They agree at least that the clock nearer the mass is slower in rate, and on the ratio of the difference. This is gravitational time dilation.
In Albert Einstein's theories of relativity, time dilation in these two circumstances can be summarized:
• In special relativity (or, hypothetically far from all gravitational mass), clocks that are moving with respect to an inertial system of observation are measured to be running slower. This effect is described precisely by the Lorentz transformation.
Thus, in special relativity, the time dilation effect is reciprocal: as observed from the point of view of either of two clocks which are in motion with respect to each other, it will be the other clock that is time dilated. (This presumes that the relative motion of both parties is uniform; that is, they do not accelerate with respect to one another during the course of the observations.)
In contrast, gravitational time dilation (as treated in general relativity) is not reciprocal: an observer at the top of a tower will observe that clocks at ground level tick slower, and observers on the ground will agree about that, i.e. about the direction and the ratio of the difference. There is not full agreement, all the observers make their own local clocks out to be correct, but the direction and ratio of gravitational time dilation is agreed by all observers, independent of their altitude.
## Simple inference of time dilation due to relative velocity
Observer at rest sees time 2L/c
Observer moving parallel relative to setup, sees longer path, time > 2L/c, same speed c
Time dilation can be inferred from the observed fact of the constancy of the speed of light in all reference frames. [2] [3] [4] [5]
This constancy of the speed of light means, counter to intuition, that speeds of material objects and light are not additive. It is not possible to make the speed of light appear faster by approaching at speed towards the material source that is emitting light. It is not possible to make the speed of light appear slower by receding from the source at speed. From one point of view, it is the implications of this unexpected constancy that take away from constancies expected elsewhere.
Consider a simple clock consisting of two mirrors A and B, between which a light pulse is bouncing. The separation of the mirrors is L, and the clock ticks once each time it hits a given mirror.
In the frame where the clock is at rest (diagram at right), the light pulse traces out a path of length 2L and the period of the clock is 2L divided by the speed of light:
$\Delta t = \frac{2 L}{c}.$
From the frame of reference of a moving observer traveling at the speed v (diagram at lower right), the light pulse traces out a longer, angled path. The second postulate of special relativity states that the speed of light is constant in all frames, which implies a lengthening of the period of this clock from the moving observer's perspective. That is to say, in a frame moving relative to the clock, the clock appears to be running more slowly. Straightforward application of the Pythagorean theorem leads to the well-known prediction of special relativity:
The total time for the light pulse to trace its path is given by
$\Delta t' = \frac{2 D}{c}.$
The length of the half path can be calculated as a function of known quantities as
$D = \sqrt{\left (\frac{1}{2}v \Delta t'\right )^2+L^2}.$
Substituting D from this equation into the previous, and solving for $\Delta t'$ gives:
$\Delta t' = \frac{2L/c}{\sqrt{1-v^2/c^2}}$
and thus, with the definition of $\Delta t$:
$\Delta t' = \frac{\Delta t}{\sqrt{1-v^2/c^2}}$
which expresses the fact that for the moving observer the period of the clock is longer than in the frame of the clock itself.
## Time dilation due to relative velocity symmetric between observers
Common sense would dictate that if time passage has slowed for a moving object, the moving object would observe the external world to be correspondingly "sped up". Counterintuitively, special relativity predicts the opposite.
A similar oddity occurs in everyday life. If Sam sees Abigail at a distance she appears small to him and at the same time Sam appears small to Abigail. Experience has taught the human mind to accept the quirks of perspective but left it unprepared for relativity.
One is accustomed to the notion of relativity with respect to distance: the distance from Los Angeles to New York is by convention the same as the distance from New York to Los Angeles. On the other hand, when speeds are considered, one thinks of an object as "actually" moving, overlooking that its motion is always relative to something else — to the stars, the ground or to oneself. If one object is moving with respect to another, the latter is moving with respect to the former and with equal relative speed.
In the special theory of relativity, a moving clock is found to be ticking slowly with respect to the observer's clock. If Sam and Abigail are on different trains in near-lightspeed relative motion, Sam measures (by all methods of measurement) clocks on Abigail's train to be running slowly and, similarly, Abigail measures clocks on Sam's train to be running slowly.
Note that in all such attempts to establish "synchronization" within the reference system, the question of whether something happening at one location is in fact happening simultaneously with something happening elsewhere, is of key importance. Calculations are ultimately based on determining which events are simultaneous. Furthermore, establishing simultaneity of events separated in space necessarily requires transmission of information between locations, which by itself is an indication that the speed of light will enter the determination of simultaneity.
It is a natural and legitimate question to ask how, in detail, special relativity can be self-consistent if clock A is time-dilated with respect to clock B and clock B is also time-dilated with respect to clock A. It is by challenging the assumptions built into the common notion of simultaneity that logical consistency can be restored. Simultaneity is a relationship between an observer in a particular frame of reference and a set of events. By analogy, left and right are accepted to vary with the position of the observer, because they apply to a relationship. In a similar vein, Plato explained that up and down describe a relationship to the earth and one would not fall off at the antipodes.
Within the framework of the theory and its terminology there is a relativity of simultaneity that affects how the specified events are aligned with respect to each other by observers in relative motion. Because the pairs of putatively simultaneous moments are identified differently by different observers (as illustrated in the twin paradox article), each can treat the other clock as being the slow one without relativity being self-contradictory. This can be explained in many ways, some of which follow.
### Temporal coordinate systems and clock synchronization
In Relativity, temporal coordinate systems are set up using a procedure for synchronizing clocks, discussed by Poincaré (1900) in relation to Lorentz's local time (see relativity of simultaneity). It is now usually called the Einstein synchronization procedure, since it appeared in his 1905 paper.
An observer with a clock sends a light signal out at time t1 according to his clock. At a distant event, that light signal is reflected back to, and arrives back to the observer at time t2 according to his clock. Since the light travels the same path at the same rate going both out and back for the observer in this scenario, the coordinate time of the event of the light signal being reflected for the observer tE is tE = (t1 + t2) / 2. In this way, a single observer's clock can be used to define temporal coordinates which are good anywhere in the universe.
Symmetric time dilation occurs with respect to temporal coordinate systems set up in this manner. It is an effect where another clock is being viewed as running slowly by an observer. Observers do not consider their own clock time to be time-dilated, but may find that it is observed to be time-dilated in another coordinate system.
## Overview of time dilation formulae
### Time dilation due to relative velocity
Lorentz factor as a function of speed (in natural units where c=1). Notice that for small speeds (less than 0.1), γ is approximately 1
The formula for determining time dilation in special relativity is:
$\Delta t' = \gamma \Delta t = \frac{\Delta t}{\sqrt{1-v^2/c^2}} \,$
where
$\Delta t \,$ is the time interval between two co-local events (i.e. happening at the same place) for an observer in some inertial frame (e.g. ticks on his clock) – this is known as the proper time,
$\Delta t' \,$is the time interval between those same events, as measured by another observer, inertially moving with velocity v with respect to the former observer,
$v \,$ is the relative velocity between the observer and the moving clock,
$c \,$ is the speed of light, and
$\gamma = \frac{1}{\sqrt{1-v^2/c^2}} \,$ is the Lorentz factor.
Thus the duration of the clock cycle of a moving clock is found to be increased: it is measured to be "running slow". The range of such variances in ordinary life, where $v/c \ll 1$, even considering space travel, are not great enough to produce easily detectable time dilation effects, and such vanishingly small effects can be safely ignored. It is only when an object approaches speeds on the order of 30,000 km/s (1/10 the speed of light) that time dilation becomes important.
Time dilation by the Lorentz factor was predicted by Joseph Larmor (1897), at least for electrons orbiting a nucleus. Thus "... individual electrons describe corresponding parts of their orbits in times shorter for the [rest] system in the ratio :$\sqrt{1 - v^2/c^2}$" (Larmor 1897). Time dilation of magnitude corresponding to this (Lorentz) factor has been experimentally confirmed, as described below.
### Time dilation due to gravitation and motion together
Astronomical time scales and the GPS system represent significant practical applications, presenting problems that call for consideration of the combined effects of mass and motion in producing time dilation.
Relativistic time dilation effects, for the solar system and the Earth, have been evaluated from the starting point of an approximation to the Schwarzschild solution to the Einstein field equations. A timelike interval dtE in this metric can be approximated, when expressed in rectangular coordinates, and when truncated of higher powers in 1/c2, in the form:-
dtE2 = ( 1 - 2GMi/ric2 )dtc2 - ( dx2 + dy2 + dz2 )/c2 . . . . . (1),[6][7]
in which:
dtE (expressed as a time-like interval) is a small increment forming part of an interval in the proper time tE (an interval that could be recorded on an atomic clock);
dtc is a small increment in the timelike coordinate tc ("coordinate time") of the clock's position in the chosen reference frame;
dx, dy and dz are small increments in three orthogonal space-like coordinates x, y, z of the clock's position in the chosen reference frame; and
GMi/ri represents a sum, to be designated U, of gravitational potentials due to the masses in the neighborhood, based on their distances ri from the clock. This sum of the GMi/ri is evaluated approximately, as a sum of Newtonian gravitational potentials (plus any tidal potentials considered), and is represented below as U (using the positive astronomical sign convention for gravitational potentials). The scope of the approximation may be extended to a case where U further includes effects of external masses other than the Mi, in the form of tidal gravitational potentials that prevail (due to the external masses) in a suitably small region of space around a point of the reference frame located somewhere in a gravity well due to those external masses, where the size of 'suitably small' remains to be investigated.[8]
From this, after putting the velocity of the clock (in the coordinates of the chosen reference frame) as
v2 = (dx2 + dy2 + dz2)/dtc2 . . . . . (2) ,
(then taking the square root, and truncating after binomial expansion, neglecting terms beyond the first power in 1/c2), a relation between the rate of the proper time and the rate of the coordinate time can be obtained as the differential equation
dtE/dtc = 1 - U/c2 - v2/2c2 . . . . . (3).[9]
Equation (3) represents combined time dilations due to mass and motion, approximated to the first order in powers of 1/c2. The approximation can be applied to a number of the weak-field situations found around the Earth and in the solar-system. It can be thought of as relating the rate of proper time tE that can be measured by a clock, with the rate of a coordinate time tc.
In particular, for explanatory purposes, the time-dilation equation (3) provides a way of conceiving coordinate time, by showing that the rate of the clock would be exactly equal to the rate of the coordinate time if this "coordinate clock" could be situated
(a) hypothetically outside all relevant 'gravity wells', e.g. remote from all gravitational masses Mi, (so that U=0), and also
(b) at rest in relation to the chosen system of coordinates (so that v=0).
Equation (3) has been developed and integrated for the case where the reference frame is the solar system barycentric ('ssb') reference frame, to show the (time-varying) time dilation between the ssb coordinate time and local time at the Earth's surface: the main effects found included a mean time dilation of about 0.49 second per year (slower at the Earth's surface than for the ssb coordinate time), plus periodic modulation terms of which the largest has an annual period and an amplitude of about 1.66 millisecond.[10][11]
Equation (3) has also been developed and integrated for the case of clocks at or near the Earth's surface. For clocks fixed to the rotating Earth's surface at mean sea level, regarded as a surface of the geoid, the sum ( U + v2/2 ) is a very nearly constant geopotential, and decreases with increasing height above sea level approximately as the product of the change in height and the gradient of the geopotential. This has been evaluated as a fractional increase in clock rate of about 1.1x10-13 per kilometer of height above sea level due to a decrease in combined rate of time dilation with increasing altitude. The value of dtE/dtc at height falls to be compared with the corresponding value at mean sea level.[12] (Both values are slightly below 1, the value at height being a little larger (closer to 1) than the value at sea level.)
This gravitational time dilation relationship has been used in the synchronization or correlation of atomic clocks used to implement and maintain the atomic time scale TAI, where the different clocks are located at different heights above sea level, and since 1977 have had their frequencies steered to compensate for the differences of rate with height.[13]
A fuller development of equation (3) for the near-Earth situation has been used to evaluate the combined time dilations relative to the Earth's surface experienced along the trajectories of satellites of the GPS global positioning system. The resulting values (in this case they are relativistic increases in the rate of the satellite-borne clocks, by about 38 microseconds per day) form the basis for adjustments essential for the functioning of the system.[14]
## Experimental confirmation
Time dilation has been tested a number of times. The routine work carried on in particle accelerators since the 1950s, such as those at CERN, is a continuously running test of the time dilation of special relativity. The specific experiments include:
### Velocity time dilation tests
• Ives and Stilwell (1938, 1941), “An experimental study of the rate of a moving clock”, in two parts. The stated purpose of these experiments was to verify the time dilation effect, predicted by Lamor-Lorentz ether theory, due to motion through the ether using Einstein's suggestion that Doppler effect in canal rays would provide a suitable experiment. These experiments measured the Doppler shift of the radiation emitted from cathode rays, when viewed from directly in front and from directly behind. The high and low frequencies detected were not the classical values predicted.
$f_\mathrm{detected} = \frac{f_\mathrm{moving}}{1 - v/c}$ and $\frac{f_\mathrm{moving}}{1+v/c}\,=\, \frac{f_\mathrm{rest}}{1 - v/c}$ and $\frac{f_\mathrm{rest}}{1+v/c}$
i.e. for sources with invariant frequencies $f_\mathrm{moving}\, = f_\mathrm{rest}$ The high and low frequencies of the radiation from the moving sources were measured as
$f_\mathrm{detected} = f_\mathrm{rest}\sqrt{\left(1 + v/c\right)/\left(1 - v/c\right) }$ and $f_\mathrm{rest}\sqrt{\left(1 - v/c\right)/\left(1 + v/c\right)}$
as deduced by Einstein (1905) from the Lorentz transformation, when the source is running slow by the Lorentz factor.
• Rossi and Hall (1941) compared the population of cosmic-ray-produced muons at the top of a mountain to that observed at sea level. Although the travel time for the muons from the top of the mountain to the base is several muon half-lives, the muon sample at the base was only moderately reduced. This is explained by the time dilation attributed to their high speed relative to the experimenters. That is to say, the muons were decaying about 10 times slower than if they were at rest with respect to the experimenters.
• Hasselkamp, Mondry, and Scharmann[15] (1979) measured the Doppler shift from a source moving at right angles to the line of sight (the transverse Doppler shift). The most general relationship between frequencies of the radiation from the moving sources is given by:
$f_\mathrm{detected} = f_\mathrm{rest}{\left(1 - \frac{v}{c} \cos\phi\right)/\sqrt{1 - {v^2}/{c^2}} }$
as deduced by Einstein (1905)[1]. For $\phi = 90^\circ$ ($\cos\phi = 0\,$) this reduces to $f_\mathrm{detected} = f_\mathrm{rest}\gamma$. Thus there is no transverse Doppler shift, and the lower frequency of the moving source can be attributed to the time dilation effect alone.
### Gravitational time dilation tests
• Pound, Rebka in 1959 measured the very slight gravitational red shift in the frequency of light emitted at a lower height, where Earth's gravitational field is relatively more intense. The results were within 10% of the predictions of general relativity. Later Pound and Snider (in 1964) derived an even closer result of 1%. This effect is as predicted by gravitational time dilation.
### Velocity and gravitational time dilation combined-effect tests
• Hafele and Keating, in 1971, flew caesium atomic clocks east and west around the Earth in commercial airliners, to compare the elapsed time against that of a clock that remained at the US Naval Observatory. Two opposite effects came into play. The clocks were expected to age more quickly (show a larger elapsed time) than the reference clock, since they were in a higher (weaker) gravitational potential for most of the trip (c.f. Pound, Rebka). But also, contrastingly, the moving clocks were expected to age more slowly because of the speed of their travel. The gravitational effect was the larger, and the clocks suffered a net gain in elapsed time. To within experimental error, the net gain was consistent with the difference between the predicted gravitational gain and the predicted velocity time loss. In 2005, the National Physical Laboratory in the United Kingdom reported their limited replication of this experiment.[16] The NPL experiment differed from the original in that the caesium clocks were sent on a shorter trip (London–Washington D.C. return), but the clocks were more accurate. The reported results are within 4% of the predictions of relativity.
• The Global Positioning System can be considered a continuously operating experiment in both special and general relativity. The in-orbit clocks are corrected for both special and general relativistic time dilation effects as described above, so that (as observed from the Earth's surface) they run at the same rate as clocks on the surface of the Earth. In addition, but not directly time dilation related, general relativistic correction terms are built into the model of motion that the satellites broadcast to receivers — uncorrected, these effects would result in an approximately 7-metre (23 ft) oscillation in the pseudo-ranges measured by a receiver over a cycle of 12 hours.
A comparison of muon lifetimes at different speeds is possible. In the laboratory, slow muons are produced, and in the atmosphere very fast moving muons are introduced by cosmic rays. Taking the muon lifetime at rest as the laboratory value of 2.22 μs, the lifetime of a cosmic ray produced muon traveling at 98% of the speed of light is about five times longer, in agreement with observations.[17] In this experiment the "clock" is the time taken by processes leading to muon decay, and these processes take place in the moving muon at its own "clock rate", which is much slower than the laboratory clock.
## Time dilation and space flight
Time dilation would make it possible for passengers in a fast-moving vehicle to travel further into the future while aging very little, in that their great speed slows down the rate of passage of on-board time. That is, the ship's clock (and according to relativity, any human travelling with it) shows less elapsed time than the clocks of observers on Earth. For sufficiently high speeds the effect is dramatic. For example, one year of travel might correspond to ten years at home. Indeed, a constant 1 g acceleration would permit humans to travel as far as light has been able to travel since the big bang (some 13.7 billion light years) in one human lifetime. The space travellers could return to Earth billions of years in the future. A scenario based on this idea was presented in the novel Planet of the Apes by Pierre Boulle.
A more likely use of this effect would be to enable humans to travel to nearby stars without spending their entire lives aboard the ship. However, any such application of time dilation during Interstellar travel would require the use of some new, advanced method of propulsion.
Current space flight technology has fundamental theoretical limits based on the practical problem that an increasing amount of energy is required for propulsion as a craft approaches the speed of light. The likelihood of collision with small space debris and other particulate material is another practical limitation. At the velocities presently attained, however, time dilation is not a factor in space travel. Travel to regions of space-time where gravitational time dilation is taking place, such as within the gravitational field of a black hole but outside the event horizon (perhaps on a hyperbolic trajectory exiting the field), could also yield results consistent with present theory.
### Time dilation at constant acceleration
In special relativity, time dilation is most simply described in circumstances where relative velocity is unchanging. Nevertheless, the Lorentz equations allow one to calculate proper time and movement in space for the simple case of a spaceship whose acceleration, relative to some referent object in uniform (i.e. constant velocity) motion, equals g throughout the period of measurement.
Let t be the time in an inertial frame subsequently called the rest frame. Let x be a spatial coordinate, and let the direction of the constant acceleration as well as the spaceship's velocity (relative to the rest frame) be parallel to the x-axis. Assuming the spaceship's position at time t = 0 being x = 0 and the velocity being v0 and defining the following abbreviation
$\gamma_0 := \frac{1}{\sqrt{1-v_0^2/c^2}},$
the following formulas hold:[18]
Position:
$x(t) = \frac {c^2}{g} \left( \sqrt{1 + \frac{\left(gt + v_0\gamma_0\right)^2}{c^2}} -\gamma_0 \right).$
Velocity:
$v(t) =\frac{gt + v_0\gamma_0}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{ \left(gt + v_0\gamma_0\right)^2}{c^2}}}.$
Proper time:
$\tau(t) = \frac{c}{g} \ln \left( \sqrt{ 1 + \frac{(gt + v_0\gamma_0)^2}{c^2} } + \frac{gt + v_0\gamma_0}{c} \right).$
### The spacetime geometry of velocity time dilation
Time dilation in transverse motion.
The green dots and red dots in the animation represent spaceships. The ships of the green fleet have no velocity relative to each other, so for the clocks onboard the individual ships the same amount of time elapses relative to each other, and they can set up a procedure to maintain a synchronized standard fleet time. The ships of the "red fleet" are moving with a velocity of 0.866 of the speed of light with respect to the green fleet.
The blue dots represent pulses of light. One cycle of light-pulses between two green ships takes two seconds of "green time", one second for each leg.
As seen from the perspective of the reds, the transit time of the light pulses they exchange among each other is one second of "red time" for each leg. As seen from the perspective of the greens, the red ships' cycle of exchanging light pulses travels a diagonal path that is two light-seconds long. (As seen from the green perspective the reds travel 1.73 ($\sqrt{3}$) light-seconds of distance for every two seconds of green time.)
One of the red ships emits a light pulse towards the greens every second of red time. These pulses are received by ships of the green fleet with two-second intervals as measured in green time. Not shown in the animation is that all aspects of physics are proportionally involved. The light pulses that are emitted by the reds at a particular frequency as measured in red time are received at a lower frequency as measured by the detectors of the green fleet that measure against green time, and vice versa.
The animation cycles between the green perspective and the red perspective, to emphasize the symmetry. As there is no such thing as absolute motion in relativity (as is also the case for Newtonian mechanics), both the green and the red fleet are entitled to consider themselves motionless in their own frame of reference.
Again, it is vital to understand that the results of these interactions and calculations reflect the real state of the ships as it emerges from their situation of relative motion. It is not a mere quirk of the method of measurement or communication.
## References
1. For sources on special relativistic time dilation, see (1) Albert Einstein's own popular exposition, published in English translation (1920) as "Relativity: The Special and General Theory", especially at "8: On the Idea of Time in Physics", and in following sections 9-12; and (2) articles Special relativity, Lorentz transformation and Relativity of simultaneity.
2. See T D Moyer (1981a), "Transformation from proper time on Earth to coordinate time in solar system barycentric space-time frame of reference", Celestial Mechanics 23 (1981) pages 33-56, equations 2 and 3 at pages 35-6 combined here and divided throughout by c2.
3. A version of the same relationship can also be seen in Neil Ashby (2002), "Relativity and the Global Positioning System", Physics Today (May 2002), at equation (2).
4. Such tidal effects can also be seen included in some of the relations shown in Neil Ashby (2002), cited above.
5. (This is equation (6) at page 36 of T D Moyer (1981a), cited above.)
6. G M Clemence & V Szebehely, "Annual variation of an atomic clock", Astronomical Journal, Vol.72 (1967), p.1324-6.
7. T D Moyer (1981b), "Transformation from proper time on Earth to coordinate time in solar system barycentric space-time frame of reference" (Part 2), Celestial Mechanics 23 (1981) pages 57-68.
8. J B Thomas (1975), "Reformulation of the relativistic conversion between coordinate time and atomic time", Astronomical Journal, vol.80, May 1975, p.405-411.
9. B Guinot (2000), "History of the Bureau International de l'Heure", ASP Conference Proceedings vol.208 (2000), pp.175-184, at p.182.
10. See Neil Ashby (2002), cited above; also in article Global Positioning System the section Special and general relativity and further sources cited there.
11. "Journal Article". SpringerLink. Archived from the original. Error: You must specify the date the archive was made using the |archivedate= parameter. Retrieved on 2009-10-18.
13. JV Stewart (2001). Intermediate electromagnetic theory. Singapore: World Scientific. p. 705. ISBN 9810244703.
14. http://www.arxiv.org/pdf/physics/0405038
• Callender, Craig & Edney, Ralph (2001). Introducing Time. Icon. ISBN 1-84046-592-1.
• Einstein, A. (1905) "Zur Elektrodynamik bewegter Körper", Annalen der Physik, 17, 891. English translation: On the electrodynamics of moving bodies
• Einstein, A. (1907) "Über eine Möglichkeit einer Prüfung des Relativitätsprinzips", Annalen der Physik.
• Hasselkamp, D., Mondry, E. and Scharmann, A. (1979) "Direct Observation of the Transversal Doppler-Shift", Z. Physik A 289, 151–155
• Ives, H. E. and Stilwell, G. R. (1938), “An experimental study of the rate of a moving clock”, J. Opt. Soc. Am, 28, 215–226
• Ives, H. E. and Stilwell, G. R. (1941), “An experimental study of the rate of a moving clock. II”, J. Opt. Soc. Am, 31, 369–374
• Joos, G. (1959) Lehrbuch der Theoretischen Physik, 11. Auflage, Leipzig; Zweites Buch, Sechstes Kapitel, § 4: Bewegte Bezugssysteme in der Akustik. Der Doppler-Effekt.
• Larmor, J. (1897) "On a dynamical theory of the electric and luminiferous medium", Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. 190, 205–300 (third and last in a series of papers with the same name).
• Poincaré, H. (1900) "La theorie de Lorentz et la Principe de Reaction", Archives Neerlandaies, V, 253–78.
• Reinhardt et al. Test of relativistic time dilation with fast optical atomic clocks at different velocities (Nature 2007)
• Rossi, B and Hall, D. B. Phys. Rev., 59, 223 (1941).
• NIST Two way time transfer for satellites
• Voigt, W. "Ueber das Doppler'sche princip" Nachrichten von der Königlicher Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, 2, 41–51. | 7,499 | 32,960 | {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 1, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 1, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 3.53125 | 4 | CC-MAIN-2022-49 | latest | en | 0.956991 |
http://courses.cs.vt.edu/csonline/NumberSystems/Lessons/Multiplication/LessonTextOnly.html | 1,513,291,300,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-51/segments/1512948551162.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20171214222204-20171215002204-00161.warc.gz | 66,936,444 | 1,731 | We can multiply the binary numbers 11112 and 10112 using the same rules as decimal multiplication.
First, we multiply the top number by the rightmost digit of the bottom number, just as we would in decimal. ``` 1111 x 1011``` Since this number is 1 and any number multiplied by 1 equals itself, we can simply record the top number below. ``` 1111 x 1011 1111``` Now we multiply the top number by the next digit in the bottom number. Since this is the second multiplication, we use a zero as a placeholder in the least significant digit of our answer. ``` 1111 x 1011 1111 0``` The second digit is 1 so we move the top number down into our answer. ``` 1111 x 1011 1111 11110``` Next, we multiply by the third digit. Since this is the third multiplication, we record two zeros in the answer. ``` 1111 x 1011 1111 11110 00``` Notice that the third digit is 0. Since any number multiplied by zero is zero, we place a row of zeros as our answer. ``` 1111 x 1011 1111 11110 000000``` Now we multiply the last digit. Since this is the fourth multiplication, we record three zeros in the answer. ``` 1111 x 1011 1111 11110 000000 000``` The last digit is 1 so we record the top number below. ``` 1111 x 1011 1111 11110 000000 1111000``` Now we add all of our answers using the same technique as in the multiple binary addition tutorial. This gives us our answer of 101001012. ``` 1111 x 1011 1111 11110 000000 1111000 10100101```
Animated version | 400 | 1,441 | {"found_math": false, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 4.21875 | 4 | CC-MAIN-2017-51 | latest | en | 0.8047 |
http://www.thescienceforum.com/astronomy-cosmology/37361-near-earth-gravity.html | 1,669,576,306,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-49/segments/1669446710417.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20221127173917-20221127203917-00408.warc.gz | 107,912,307 | 15,481 | 1. Hello, new here
I think I've got a problem.
I have an orbital space station connected to an earth-like planet via a space tether (elevator). Well, I don't, per se, it's integral to a story.
Some of the action in that story revolves around possible sabotage to the tether. The question is, what sort of gravity would be affecting this station? At this point, the orbiter creates its own gravity (did I mention Space Opera?) a la Star Trek, not extending much past the station itself. It is mentioned that gravity in the outer construction (rings) is weaker (it's a sort of sky ranch and solar power collector) and that space ships coming and going from there have to deal with gravity shifts.
Is this even feasible? Would an orbital station such as this still be affected by the planet's gravity, in terms of how people move around on the station (and of course how it affects the efficiency of the tether climbers.) If so, it would not need to generate its own gravity.
For this plot to work, I really need there to be so little gravity from the planet that a detached crawler close to the station would NOT crash back down to earth, but simply drift off.
Doable? Basically, at what point away from an earth-like planet do things start to float.
If not, I'm going to have to blow it up somehow without breaking the tether (graphene nanotubes).
Any comments much appreciated. This is sci-fi Space Opera so it just needs to be plausible - I don't need the math (cause that'll just hurt my brain)
2.
3. Things never float in space, they fall towards the most dominant local gravitational source. Objects in orbit fall continuously around the object they are orbiting.
Sky hoooks would work with a large mass, your orbiting station, located in geosynchronous orbit and a balancing mass extending beyond that to counteract the mass of the tether.
That's simplified, perhaps overly so. Others may offer more insightful comments.
4. Thanks,
What I need to know, though, is: if the crawler, say a cargo pod, becomes disconnected from the tether close to the counterweight (the station), would it immediately return to the planet, or would it move slowly, as if it were drifting/floating.
5. It would move away from the tether. I need to revisit my basic orbital mechanics equations to figure out exactly how. I'm just hoping some other member will post a proper solution for you. Some of them can do that stuff in their sleep. I need to go back to basics and now is not the time.
6. What I need to know, though, is: if the crawler, say a cargo pod, becomes disconnected from the tether close to the counterweight (the station), would it immediately return to the planet, or would it move slowly, as if it were drifting/floating.
if it was within the geosynchronous orbit then it wouldn't have enough speed to keep in orbit and would fall back to earth. the higher up it was the longer it would take.
i reckon anyway.
:-)
7. If the pod became separated from the elevetor at or near the station then it would be at near orbital velocity and would appear to drift away. The actual orbital speed would be a function of how high the crawler was when it lost its grip on the cable. The cable is making one orbit in 24 hours. C=2r(pi), earth radius is approx 4000 miles, so the "orbit of the crawler is = 4000 + hight of crawler pod *2*(pi). the speed can be calculated by dividing that number by 24hrs.
The energy requirements of a space elevator have to allow for the lifting of the pod up the elevetor and for excellerating it to higher orbitital speeds. It is always making one orbit in 24 hrs but the orbit gets longer the higher it climbs so effectively it goes faster. The energy for the increased speed must come from somewhere.
8. That works
So now I have another problem.
If the crawler is close to the orbital station and the power to it was cut, would it continue to climb due to centrifugal force? Slow down? Stop?
9. Originally Posted by ChrisReher
That works
So now I have another problem.
If the crawler is close to the orbital station and the power to it was cut, would it continue to climb due to centrifugal force? Slow down? Stop?
I like easy maintenance to facility.
BTW, it stands by Kepler's law.
Kepler's laws of planetary motion - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Simply description, when the material getting faster than the station, material will get upper orbit. when getting slow, the material will get lower orbit.
Completely it relies the condition before cutting electricity.
10. Something of note, unless the station orbits the equatior of that planet, you would need a tether that extends and retracts during the orbital period. Geostationary orbits is a special geosynchronous orbit that goes around the equator. Any geo-sync orbit not around the equator draw a figure 8 in the sky over the point it is tethered to the ground.
Cargo going up the tether will always be going at the same angular velocity as the space station. Orbits near Earth are going at a higher angular velocity. As you climb up into higher orbits, the angular velocity decreases. For example, the ISS orbits the Earth every 90 minutes or so, but a geostationary space station orbits the Earth every 24 hours. The angular velocity is basically the RPM, or how fast it goes around the center of the circle. This is not to be confused with the instantenous velocity tangential to the orbit, which is always higher in a higher orbit.
To answer your question, cargo that doesn't make it to the station (and aren't secured to the tether) will fall because its angular velocity is not high enough to achieve orbit at that altitude. It won't fall straight down, but rather in a parabolic curve.
If the cargo is secured to the tether but can move freely up and down, then it will basically fall like a ball would on Earth. If it's really really high up then the initial (downward) acceleration will be much less than that on Earth. For example, if the cargo is say, 10,000 km high, the gravitational acceleration is only 1.5 m/s². Note that the geostationary orbit of an Earth-size planet is about 35,800 km in altitude. A falling cargo that's only say, 50 km from the station would accelerate at merely 0.22 m/s² (basically slowly floating away). Also don't forget to account for the cargo's velocity prior to power failure / tether breakage.
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You may not post new threads You may not post replies You may not post attachments You may not edit your posts BB code is On Smilies are On [IMG] code is On [VIDEO] code is On HTML code is Off Trackbacks are Off Pingbacks are Off Refbacks are On Terms of Use Agreement | 1,481 | 6,678 | {"found_math": false, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 2.828125 | 3 | CC-MAIN-2022-49 | latest | en | 0.961549 |
https://socratic.org/questions/an-ice-cream-company-reported-a-net-profit-of-24-000-in-2002-and-a-net-loss-of-1 | 1,721,426,063,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-30/segments/1720763514928.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20240719200730-20240719230730-00835.warc.gz | 458,947,369 | 6,342 | An ice cream company reported a net profit of $24,000 in 2002 and a net loss of$11,000 in 2003. How much did the company‘s profits change from 2002 to 2003?
$35000 Explanation: Let the profits be an increment of $24000, which can be represented as +$24000. Let the losses be a decrement of $11000, which can be represented as -$11000. To find the change in profits, find the difference between the profits and losses, |+$24000-(-$11000)|=$35000
Hence, the company's profits change \$35000. | 137 | 490 | {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 7, "mathjax_inline_tex": 1, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 1, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 3.828125 | 4 | CC-MAIN-2024-30 | latest | en | 0.948225 |
https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E9%80%92%E5%BD%92 | 1,679,899,717,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296948609.41/warc/CC-MAIN-20230327060940-20230327090940-00659.warc.gz | 1,201,705,129 | 19,901 | # 互递归
## 例子
### 数据类型
```f: [t[1], ..., t[k]]
t: v f
```
```t: v [t[1], ..., t[k]]
```
Standard ML，树与森林可互递归定义如下，允许空树：[2]
```datatype 'a tree = Empty | Node of 'a * 'a forest
and 'a forest = Nil | Cons of 'a tree * 'a forest
```
### 计算机函数
#### 基本例子
```bool is_even(unsigned int n) {
if (n == 0)
return true;
else
return is_odd(n - 1);
}
bool is_odd(unsigned int n) {
if (n == 0)
return false;
else
return is_even(n - 1);
}
```
Python语言实现树的例子:
``` def f_tree(tree):
f_value(tree.value)
f_forest(tree.children)
def f_forest(forest):
for tree in forest:
f_tree(tree)
```
## 流行性
If you have two mutually-recursive functions that both alter the state of an object, try to move almost all the functionality into just one of the functions. Otherwise you will probably end up duplicating code.
## 参考文献
1. ^ Manuel Rubio-Sánchez, Jaime Urquiza-Fuentes,Cristóbal Pareja-Flores (2002), 'A Gentle Introduction to Mutual Recursion', Proceedings of the 13th annual conference on Innovation and technology in computer science education, June 30–July 2, 2008, Madrid, Spain.
2. ^
3. ^ Hutton 2007，6.5 Mutual recursion, pp. 53–55.
4. ^ "Mutual Tail-Recursion页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）" and "Tail-Recursive Functions页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）", A Tutorial on Programming Features in ATS页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Hongwei Xi, 2010
5. ^ Solving Every Sudoku Puzzle. [2017-12-01]. （原始内容存档于2020-11-15）.
6. ^ "mutual recursion页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）", PlanetMath
7. ^ On the Conversion of Indirect to Direct Recursion by Owen Kaser, C. R. Ramakrishnan, and Shaunak Pawagi at State University of New York, Stony Brook (1993)
8. ^ Reynolds, John. Definitional Interpreters for Higher-Order Programming Languages (PDF). Proceedings of the ACM Annual Conference. Boston, Massachusetts: 717–740. August 1972 [2017-12-01]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2011-06-29）. | 584 | 1,804 | {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 1, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 3.4375 | 3 | CC-MAIN-2023-14 | latest | en | 0.536083 |
http://de.metamath.org/mpeuni/cvpss.html | 1,652,855,661,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-21/segments/1652662521152.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220518052503-20220518082503-00749.warc.gz | 15,652,939 | 3,891 | Hilbert Space Explorer < Previous Next > Nearby theorems Mirrors > Home > HSE Home > Th. List > cvpss Structured version Visualization version GIF version
Theorem cvpss 28528
Description: The covers relation implies proper subset. (Contributed by NM, 10-Jun-2004.) (New usage is discouraged.)
Assertion
Ref Expression
cvpss ((𝐴C𝐵C ) → (𝐴 𝐵𝐴𝐵))
Proof of Theorem cvpss
Dummy variable 𝑥 is distinct from all other variables.
StepHypRef Expression
1 cvbr 28525 . 2 ((𝐴C𝐵C ) → (𝐴 𝐵 ↔ (𝐴𝐵 ∧ ¬ ∃𝑥C (𝐴𝑥𝑥𝐵))))
2 simpl 472 . 2 ((𝐴𝐵 ∧ ¬ ∃𝑥C (𝐴𝑥𝑥𝐵)) → 𝐴𝐵)
31, 2syl6bi 242 1 ((𝐴C𝐵C ) → (𝐴 𝐵𝐴𝐵))
Colors of variables: wff setvar class Syntax hints: ¬ wn 3 → wi 4 ∧ wa 383 ∈ wcel 1977 ∃wrex 2897 ⊊ wpss 3541 class class class wbr 4583 Cℋ cch 27170 ⋖ℋ ccv 27205 This theorem was proved from axioms: ax-mp 5 ax-1 6 ax-2 7 ax-3 8 ax-gen 1713 ax-4 1728 ax-5 1827 ax-6 1875 ax-7 1922 ax-9 1986 ax-10 2006 ax-11 2021 ax-12 2034 ax-13 2234 ax-ext 2590 ax-sep 4709 ax-nul 4717 ax-pr 4833 This theorem depends on definitions: df-bi 196 df-or 384 df-an 385 df-3an 1033 df-tru 1478 df-ex 1696 df-nf 1701 df-sb 1868 df-eu 2462 df-mo 2463 df-clab 2597 df-cleq 2603 df-clel 2606 df-nfc 2740 df-ne 2782 df-rex 2902 df-rab 2905 df-v 3175 df-dif 3543 df-un 3545 df-in 3547 df-ss 3554 df-pss 3556 df-nul 3875 df-if 4037 df-sn 4126 df-pr 4128 df-op 4132 df-br 4584 df-opab 4644 df-cv 28522 This theorem is referenced by: cvnsym 28533 cvntr 28535 atcveq0 28591 chcv1 28598 cvati 28609 cvbr4i 28610 cvexchlem 28611 atexch 28624 atcvat2i 28630
Copyright terms: Public domain W3C validator | 858 | 1,652 | {"found_math": false, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 3.0625 | 3 | CC-MAIN-2022-21 | longest | en | 0.171535 |
https://www.wyzant.com/resources/answers/394133/velocity_time_graph | 1,521,506,701,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257647244.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20180319234034-20180320014034-00764.warc.gz | 907,054,804 | 15,835 | 0
# Velocity-time graph?
Finish this statement/phrase:
"What does a constant slope mean in a velocity-time graph? Slope means acceleration. Therefore, if we have a constant slope, we have a constant ______."
(1) constant acceleration
(2) constant velocity
(3) changing acceleration
### 1 Answer by Expert Tutors
Tutors, sign in to answer this question.
Arturo O. | Experienced College Instructor for Physics TutoringExperienced College Instructor for Physi...
5.0 5.0 (62 lesson ratings) (62)
0
A constant slope in a velocity vs. time graph means that the body is accelerating at a constant rate, since
Δv/Δt = a = constant = slope
The correct answer is (1), constant acceleration. | 165 | 688 | {"found_math": false, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 3.03125 | 3 | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | longest | en | 0.898663 |
http://www.matematicasvisuales.com/english/html/complex/functions/cosine1.html | 1,586,298,668,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-16/segments/1585371806302.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20200407214925-20200408005425-00346.warc.gz | 251,277,780 | 4,307 | We already know that cos(z) is periodic with period .
In this page we are going to explore how an horizontal line is transformed by the function cos(z), following Tristan Needham's Visual Complex Analysis.
Playing the animation we can see that the image of
is "some kind of symmetrical oval" (is just the sum of two circular motions).
To calculate where this oval hits the real axis, we consider
Then
The oval hits the real axis at this point:
To calculate where this oval hits the imaginary axis, we consider
Then
The oval hits the imaginary axis at this point:
The oval is a perfect ellipse. If we calculate
Using
Considering the real and imaginary parts
We can write
Which is the familiar representation of the ellipse, that we can write (implicit formula):
To calculate the foci of the ellipse we can use
The shapes of the ellipse change as we vary c but all these ellipses are confocal.
The image under cos(z) of a vertical line is an hyperbola with the same foci as the ellipse. Ellipses and hyperbolas meet at right angles.
REFERENCES
Tristan Needham - Visual Complex Analysis. (pag. 88-89) - Oxford University Press
LINKS
The Complex Cosine Function extends the Real Cosine Function to the complex plane. It is a periodic function that shares several properties with his real ancestor.
The power series of the Cosine Function converges everywhere in the complex plane.
The Complex Exponential Function extends the Real Exponential Function to the complex plane.
By increasing the degree, Taylor polynomial approximates the sine function more and more.
Inversion is a plane transformation that transform straight lines and circles in straight lines and circles.
The usual definition of a function is restrictive. We may broaden the definition of a function to allow f(z) to have many differente values for a single value of z. In this case f is called a many-valued function or a multifunction.
Examples of complex functions: polynomials, rationals and Moebius Transformations. | 422 | 2,005 | {"found_math": false, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 3.96875 | 4 | CC-MAIN-2020-16 | longest | en | 0.870307 |
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1 . Find the square root of 484 by prime factorization method.
A. 11 B. 22 C. 33 D. 44
2 . Find the cube root of 19683.
A. 25 B. 26 C. 27 D. 28
3 . A certain number of people agree to subscribe as many rupees each as a there are subscribers. The whole subscription is 2582449 rupees. Find the number of subscribers.
A. 1607 B. 1802 C. 2056 D. 2287
4 . Find the square root of 324.
A. 36 B. 23 C. 18 D. 11
5 . Find the least number which when multiplied with 74088 will make it a perfect square.
A. 19 B. 22 C. 36 D. 42
### Verbal Ability
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# How many outs does a team a team have in an inning?
Updated: 9/28/2023
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13y ago
3 outs per inning
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3
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### Baseball how many outs are in an inning?
there are 6 outs per inning, 3 per team
### In baseball How many outers in an inning?
Each team bats for a half-inning, and each team gets 3 outs. 6 outs in a full inning.
3 outs
### How many out are there in an inning?
6 there are three outs per team!
3 per team.
### In base ball how many outs are there in an innings?
In a half inning, the top or bottom inning (away or home team respectively) there are 3 outs. In a full inning there are 6 outs.
### In baseball how many outs are therein a inning?
3 outs per offensive at bat. 6 outs per inning since each team takes an offensive at bat. Unless it is the ninth or extra inning and the Home team is winning at the end of the Visiting team at bat. Then there is no need for a Home team at bat, Therefore there are only 3 outs in that inning.
### How many outs make a inning?
6 Team A is at bat first and remains at bat until 3 outs are recorded, Team A then takes the field and Team B comes to bat and remains at bat until 3 outs are recorded, ending the current inning.
### In baseballs how many outs are there in an inning?
3 It's Not Three. It's Six, Theres Three Outs In Half An Inning.
### How many outs were there when baseball was first made?
three outs per team per inning
### Do three outs equal lining in baseball or softball?
There are 6 outs in one inning. Each team have to bat until they get 3 outs. Both teams bat once in one inning.6 per inning three outs per sideIn Australia There Are Six Outs In A Inning For Baseball3 outsThere are 6 outs in an inning, 3 for each team.
### How many outs in an inning in basketball?
In a standard baseball game, there are three outs per inning for each team, with nine innings played. If the home team is ahead after the visiting team has batted in the ninth inning, the game is over at that point (as there is no need for the home team to bat). | 545 | 2,192 | {"found_math": false, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 2.78125 | 3 | CC-MAIN-2024-33 | latest | en | 0.970352 |
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# Engineering fast indexes (Deepdive)
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Contemporary computing hardware offers massive new performance opportunities. Yet high-performance programming remains a daunting challenge.
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### Engineering fast indexes (Deepdive)
1. 1. ENGINEERING FAST INDEXES (DEEP DIVE) Daniel Lemire https://lemire.me Joint work with lots of super smart people
2. 2. Roaring : Hybrid Model A collection of containers... array: sorted arrays ({1,20,144}) of packed 16‑bit integers bitset: bitsets spanning 65536 bits or 1024 64‑bit words run: sequences of runs ([0,10],[15,20]) 2
3. 3. Keeping track E.g., a bitset with few 1s need to be converted back to array. → we need to keep track of the cardinality! In Roaring, we do it automagically 3
4. 4. Setting/Flipping/Clearing bits while keeping track Important : avoid mispredicted branches Pure C/Java: q = p / 64 ow = w[ q ]; nw = ow | (1 << (p % 64) ); cardinality += (ow ^ nw) >> (p % 64) ; // EXTRA w[ q ] = nw; 4
5. 5. In x64 assembly with BMI instructions: shrx %[6], %[p], %[q] // q = p / 64 mov (%[w],%[q],8), %[ow] // ow = w [q] bts %[p], %[ow] // ow |= ( 1<< (p % 64)) + flag sbb \$-1, %[cardinality] // update card based on flag mov %[load], (%[w],%[q],8) // w[q] = ow sbb is the extra work 5
6. 6. For each operation union intersection difference ... Must specialize by container type: array bitset run array ? ? ? bitset ? ? ? run ? ? ? 6
7. 7. High‑level API or Sipping Straw? 7
8. 8. Bitset vs. Bitset... Intersection: First compute the cardinality of the result. If low, use an array for the result (slow), otherwise generate a bitset (fast). Union: Always generate a bitset (fast). (Unless cardinality is high then maybe create a run!) We generally keep track of the cardinality of the result. 8
9. 9. Cardinality of the result How fast does this code run? int c = 0; for (int k = 0; k < 1024; ++k) { c += Long.bitCount(A[k] & B[k]); } We have 1024 calls to Long.bitCount . This counts the number of 1s in a 64‑bit word. 9
10. 10. Population count in Java // Hacker`s Delight int bitCount(long i) { // HD, Figure 5-14 i = i - ((i >>> 1) & 0x5555555555555555L); i = (i & 0x3333333333333333L) + ((i >>> 2) & 0x3333333333333333L); i = (i + (i >>> 4)) & 0x0f0f0f0f0f0f0f0fL; i = i + (i >>> 8); i = i + (i >>> 16); i = i + (i >>> 32); return (int)i & 0x7f; } Sounds expensive? 10
11. 11. Population count in C How do you think that the C compiler clang compiles this code? #include <stdint.h> int count(uint64_t x) { int v = 0; while(x != 0) { x &= x - 1; v++; } return v; } 11
12. 12. Compile with -O1 -march=native on a recent x64 machine: popcnt rax, rdi 12
13. 13. Why care for popcnt ? popcnt : throughput of 1 instruction per cycle (recent Intel CPUs) Really fast. 13
14. 14. Population count in Java? // Hacker`s Delight int bitCount(long i) { // HD, Figure 5-14 i = i - ((i >>> 1) & 0x5555555555555555L); i = (i & 0x3333333333333333L) + ((i >>> 2) & 0x3333333333333333L); i = (i + (i >>> 4)) & 0x0f0f0f0f0f0f0f0fL; i = i + (i >>> 8); i = i + (i >>> 16); i = i + (i >>> 32); return (int)i & 0x7f; } 14
15. 15. Population count in Java! Also compiles to popcnt if hardware supports it \$ java -XX:+PrintFlagsFinal | grep UsePopCountInstruction bool UsePopCountInstruction = true But only if you call it from Long.bitCount 15
16. 16. Java intrinsics Long.bitCount , Integer.bitCount Integer.reverseBytes , Long.reverseBytes Integer.numberOfLeadingZeros , Long.numberOfLeadingZeros Integer.numberOfTrailingZeros , Long.numberOfTrailingZeros System.arraycopy ... 16
17. 17. Cardinality of the intersection How fast does this code run? int c = 0; for (int k = 0; k < 1024; ++k) { c += Long.bitCount(A[k] & B[k]); } A bit over ≈ 2 cycles per pair of 64‑bit words. load A, load B bitwise AND popcnt 17
18. 18. Take away Bitset vs. Bitset operations are fast even if you need to track the cardinality. even in Java e.g., popcnt overhead might be negligible compared to other costs like cache misses. 18
19. 19. Array vs. Array intersection Always output an array. Use galloping O(m log n) if the sizes differs a lot. int intersect(A, B) { if (A.length * 25 < B.length) { return galloping(A,B); } else if (B.length * 25 < A.length) { return galloping(B,A); } else { return boring_intersection(A,B); } } 19
20. 20. Galloping intersection You have two arrays a small and a large one... while (true) { if (largeSet[k1] < smallSet[k2]) { find k1 by binary search such that largeSet[k1] >= smallSet[k2] } if (smallSet[k2] < largeSet[k1]) { ++k2; } else { // got a match! (smallSet[k2] == largeSet[k1]) } } If the small set is tiny, runs in O(log(size of big set)) 20
21. 21. Array vs. Array union Union: If sum of cardinalities is large, go for a bitset. Revert to an array if we got it wrong. union (A,B) { total = A.length + B.length; if (total > DEFAULT_MAX_SIZE) {// bitmap? create empty bitmap C and add both A and B to it if (C.cardinality <= DEFAULT_MAX_SIZE) { convert C to array } else if (C is full) { convert C to run } else { C is fine as a bitmap } } otherwise merge two arrays and output array } 21
22. 22. Array vs. Bitmap (Intersection)... Intersection: Always an array. Branchy (3 to 16 cycles per array value): answer = new array for value in array { if value in bitset { append value to answer } } 22
23. 23. Branchless (3 cycles per array value): answer = new array pos = 0 for value in array { answer[pos] = value pos += bit_value(bitset, value) } 23
24. 24. Array vs. Bitmap (Union)... Always a bitset. Very fast. Few cycles per value in array. answer = clone the bitset for value in array { // branchless set bit in answer at index value } Without tracking the cardinality ≈ 1.65 cycles per value Tracking the cardinality ≈ 2.2 cycles per value 24
25. 25. Parallelization is not just multicore + distributed In practice, all commodity processors support Single instruction, multiple data (SIMD) instructions. Raspberry Pi Your phone Your PC Working with words x × larger has the potential of multiplying the performance by x. No lock needed. Purely deterministic/testable. 25
26. 26. SIMD is not too hard conceptually Instead of working with x + y you do (x , x , x , x ) + (y , y , y , y ). Alas: it is messy in actual code. 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 26
27. 27. With SIMD small words help! With scalar code, working on 16‑bit integers is not 2 × faster than 32‑bit integers. But with SIMD instructions, going from 64‑bit integers to 16‑bit integers can mean 4 × gain. Roaring uses arrays of 16‑bit integers. 27
28. 28. Bitsets are vectorizable Logical ORs, ANDs, ANDNOTs, XORs can be computed fast with Single instruction, multiple data (SIMD) instructions. Intel Cannonlake (late 2017), AVX‑512 Operate on 64 bytes with ONE instruction → Several 512‑bit ops/cycle Java 9's Hotspot can use AVX 512 ARM v8‑A to get Scalable Vector Extension... up to 2048 bits!!! 28
29. 29. Java supports advanced SIMD instructions \$ java -XX:+PrintFlagsFinal -version |grep "AVX" intx UseAVX = 2 29
30. 30. Vectorization matters! for(size_t i = 0; i < len; i++) { a[i] |= b[i]; } using scalar : 1.5 cycles per byte with AVX2 : 0.43 cycles per byte (3.5 × better) With AVX‑512, the performance gap exceeds 5 × Can also vectorize OR, AND, ANDNOT, XOR + population count (AVX2‑Harley‑Seal) 30
31. 31. Vectorization beats popcnt int count = 0; for(size_t i = 0; i < len; i++) { count += popcount(a[i]); } using fast scalar (popcnt): 1 cycle per input byte using AVX2 Harley‑Seal: 0.5 cycles per input byte even greater gain with AVX‑512 31
32. 32. Sorted arrays sorted arrays are vectorizable: array union array difference array symmetric difference array intersection sorted arrays can be compressed with SIMD 32
33. 33. Bitsets are vectorizable... sadly... Java's hotspot is limited in what it can autovectorize: 1. Copying arrays 2. String.indexOf 3. ... And it seems that Unsafe effectively disables autovectorization! 33
34. 34. There is hope yet for Java One big reason, today, for binding closely to hardware is to process wider data flows in SIMD modes. (And IMO this is a long‑term trend towards right‑sizing data channel widths, as hardware grows wider in various ways.) AVX bindings are where we are experimenting, today (John Rose, Oracle) 34
35. 35. Fun things you can do with SIMD: Masked VByte Consider the ubiquitous VByte format: Use 1 byte to store all integers in [0, 2 ) Use 2 bytes to store all integers in [2 , 2 ) ... Decoding can become a bottleneck. Google developed Varint‑GB. What if you are stuck with the conventional format? (E.g., Lucene, LEB128, Protocol Buffers...) 7 7 14 35
36. 36. Masked VByte Joint work with J. Plaisance (Indeed.com) and N. Kurz. http://maskedvbyte.org/ 36
37. 37. Go try it out! Fully vectorized Roaring implementation (C/C++): https://github.com/RoaringBitmap/CRoaring Wrappers in Python, Go, Rust... 37 | 2,863 | 9,170 | {"found_math": false, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 2.71875 | 3 | CC-MAIN-2020-40 | latest | en | 0.640518 |
https://astarmathsandphysics.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1036:finding-asymptotes-for-exponential-graphs&catid=107&Itemid=1764 | 1,582,937,301,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-10/segments/1581875148163.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20200228231614-20200229021614-00062.warc.gz | 279,668,238 | 11,228 | Finding Asymptotes For Exponential Graphs
We can usually sketch exponential graphs by finding the asymptotes and the intersections of the graph with the axes. This is because all exponential graphs have the same basic shape. Any exponential curve can be obtained by reflecting, rotating and stretching.
To find the intersections with the axis, put each coordinate equal to 0.
Ifwe find the intersection with the– axis by putting
We find the– intersection by puttingThis has no real solution but since tends to 0 fortending towe can take the– intercept to be at
To find the equation of the asymptote(s) putandsuccessively equal to
Puttingimpliesand vice versa, so this gives us no asymptote. Put to getPuttingreturns nothing forsincehas no solution for
Ifwe find the intersection with the– axis by putting
We find the– intersection by putting
To find the equation of the asymptote(s) putandsuccessively equal to
Puttingimpliesand vice versa, so this gives us no asymptote. Put to getPuttingreturns nothing forsincehas no solution for
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Typical Series And Parallel Circuits Worksheet With Answers. The voltage drops across each branch is the same adds up to the total voltage. _____ vi Connect a voltmeter to one of the bulbs in parallel circuit. _____ iii In which circuit the bulbs will be brighter when the circuits are closed. Circuit 1 i Which is the series circuit in the above diagrams.
Series And Parallel Ac Circuits Worksheet Ac Electric Circuits From allaboutcircuits.com
Series and parallel resistors grade 10 displaying top 8 worksheets. Some of the worksheets for this concept are Series and parallel circuits 9 14 work Chapter 23 series and parallel circuits Series parallel circuits problems answers Series parallel circuits Series and parallel circuits Kindle file format series and parallel Assessment series and parallel circuits answers. In this circuit worksheet students complete a series of short answer questions using circuit diagrams to. R1 2 kΩ R3 6 kΩ Total circuit current. _____ v Connect an ammeter to one of the bulbs in series circuit in the diagram. In a series circuit voltage drops add to equal the total In a series circuit current is equal through all components In a series circuit resistances add to equal the total In a series circuit power dissipations add to equal the total Heres a summary of series circuit rules.
### In this circuit worksheet students complete a series of short answer questions using circuit diagrams to.
A parallel circuit offers more than one route and so different currents can flow in different parts of the circuit. Via advice on talk creating to creating eBook outlines or even to determining which type of phrases. Simply because we should deliver programs available as one real and reputable origin we existing beneficial information about many subjects as well as topics. Refer to Figure 5A. A series circuit offers only one route around the circuit from one end of the battery back to the other. This worksheet is designed for GCSE Physics students.
To calculate total resistance add use reci rocals. _____ iv In which circuit current is the same throughout. This worksheet is designed for GCSE Physics students. Series and parallel circuits worksheet answer key. Showing top 8 worksheets in the category - Voltage And Current In Parallel And Series Circuits.
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There are no junctions in a series circuit. Worksheet 1 Series and parallel circuits w1a w1c w1d. Full written answers and a video explanation for this worksheet is also available. This worksheet is designed for GCSE Physics students. Simply because we should deliver programs available as one real and reputable origin we existing beneficial information about many subjects as well as topics.
Prior to referring to Series Parallel Circuit Worksheet please are aware that Education and learning is usually our own answer to an improved the next day and studying wont just end when the college bell ringsThat will remaining said most people provide you with a number of uncomplicated nevertheless useful content articles along with web templates produced suitable. It includes a series of questions of increasing challenge with answers and extra supporting videos available at the link on the bottom of each page or via the QR code. In this circuit worksheet students complete a series of short answer questions using circuit diagrams to. Some of the worksheets for this concept are Series and parallel circuits 9 14 work Chapter 23 series and parallel circuits Series parallel circuits problems answers Series parallel circuits Series and parallel circuits Kindle file format series and parallel Assessment series and parallel circuits answers. If the following resistors were replaced with the values indicated.
A series circuit offers only one route around the circuit from one end of the battery back to the other. Series circuit I R1 must equal I Req1. The current in the branches of the circuit is the same adds up. Series dc circuits practice worksheet with answers. The voltage drops across each branch is the same adds up to the total voltage.
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08112020 Series and Parallel Circuits - Worksheet. Some of the worksheets displayed are Electricity unit Electricity and magnetism simple circuits Circuits work r Series parallel circuits Circuit a circuit b Electrical circuits Squishy circuits activity. Full written answers and a video explanation for this worksheet is also available. Parallel Circuit Problems - Episode904 Name Remember that in a parallel circuit. Components in parallel have the same voltage and their currents add together.
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Some of the worksheets for this concept are Series and parallel circuits 9 14 work Chapter 23 series and parallel circuits Series parallel circuits problems answers Series parallel circuits Series and parallel circuits Kindle file format series and parallel Assessment series and parallel circuits answers. R1 2 kΩ R3 6 kΩ Total circuit current. All parts are connected one after another. 24v 20Q VT Ho v eq RI - 24Q VI RI R2 6 R eq 12v RI 12Q. The current in the branches of the circuit is the same adds up.
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A parallel circuit offers more than one route and so different currents can flow in different parts of the circuit. _____ vi Connect a voltmeter to one of the bulbs in parallel circuit. Series and parallel resistors grade 10 displaying top 8 worksheets. Series dc circuits practice worksheet with answers. _____ ii Which circuit is called open circuit in the diagram.
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Full written answers and a video explanation for this worksheet is also available. Electrons flow from the negative side of the battery around in a loop to the positive side. Prior to referring to Series Parallel Circuit Worksheet please are aware that Education and learning is usually our own answer to an improved the next day and studying wont just end when the college bell ringsThat will remaining said most people provide you with a number of uncomplicated nevertheless useful content articles along with web templates produced suitable. To calculate total resistance add use reci rocals. Some of the worksheets displayed are Chapter 23 series and parallel circuits Series parallel circuits 9 14 work Circuits work r Concept development 35 1 practice Series and parallel circuits Electricity unit Series and parallel circuits.
A series circuit offers only one route around the circuit from one end of the battery back to the other. Complete the table by calculating the total resistance of the following parallel circuit. Series and parallel circuits worksheet with answers is available in our book collection an online access to it is set as public so you can download it instantly. Displaying top 8 worksheets found for - Series And Parallel Circuits With Answers. It includes a series of questions of increasing challenge with answers and extra supporting videos available at the link on the bottom of each page or via the QR code.
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We hope this. Electrons flow from the negative side of the battery around in a loop to the positive side. Circuit 1 i Which is the series circuit in the above diagrams. _____ ii Which circuit is called open circuit in the diagram. Components in parallel have the same voltage and their currents add together.
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https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/force-on-the-charge-coloumbs-law-vector-form.418303/ | 1,548,276,939,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-04/segments/1547584350539.86/warc/CC-MAIN-20190123193004-20190123215004-00373.warc.gz | 867,916,492 | 11,927 | # Force on the charge, coloumb's law vector form
1. Jul 25, 2010
### co2junkie
I have a simple question,
it says find the net force on charge q1 due to q1 (q2=300 microcoulombs and q1=20 microcoulombs) and q1 is at (0,1,2) and q2 is at (2,0,0).
Thankyou!
2. Jul 25, 2010
### Staff: Mentor
Well, what does Coulomb's law say? Draw yourself a diagram.
I assume you meant to write: "net force on charge q1 due to q2".
3. Jul 25, 2010
### co2junkie
yes..! q1 due to q2 | 173 | 475 | {"found_math": false, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 2.5625 | 3 | CC-MAIN-2019-04 | latest | en | 0.887994 |
https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/dc-generator-question-please-help.114501/ | 1,540,201,003,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-43/segments/1539583515029.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20181022092330-20181022113830-00420.warc.gz | 1,034,286,424 | 14,072 | 1. Mar 16, 2006
### cabellos
Please could I get some help with the following question:
An open circuit voltage of a d.c. generator driven at 1800rpm with rated field current is 85Volts. The resistance of the armature is 4.3 ohms. If a resistive load of 50 ohms is connected to the armature terminals, what will be the power delivered to this load when the machine is driven at 2400rpm?
2. Mar 16, 2006
### chroot
Staff Emeritus
This question requires some assumptions. Does the open-circuit DC voltage of the generator vary linearly with its speed?
If so, you just need to solve for the voltage of the generator at 2400 rpm, then find the current through the loop (50 ohms + 4.3 ohms = 54.3 ohms), then find the power dissipated in the load resistor (P = I2R).
- Warren
3. Mar 16, 2006
### cabellos
Thanks but im a bit lost with your explanation. The first step i thought i had to take was to find the armature current. simply using V=IR? is this correct? so it would be 85/4.3 = 19.77A ........... but i really am lost as to the next step...........
4. Mar 16, 2006
### chroot
Staff Emeritus
If the armature is not connected to anything (it's "open circuit"), then the current through it is zero, not 19.77 A.
What you want to do first is find the open circuit voltage of the generator at speed.
Next, find out how much current would flow when the load resistor is connected. The completed circuit has two resistors in it -- one's 50 ohms and the other is 4.3 ohms.
Next, find out how much power is dissipated by the load resistor alone. The power dissipated by a resistor is given by P = I2R.
Follow these steps exactly. I can't really give you any more hints; I'd just be doing the problem for you.
- Warren
5. Mar 16, 2006
### cabellos
thanks but i have one final question and need another push in the right direction if possible. Iv just been looking through some similar examples and to me it seems you are required to know the field current to find the open circuit voltage of the generator at the new speed. In my question no field current value is given?????
6. Mar 16, 2006
### chroot
Staff Emeritus
All you need to analyze a DC loop composed of resistors is the voltage and the resistances.
I honestly do not know how you're supposed to find the voltage at the new speed -- as I said in my first post, there problem has some assumptions. I assume that your textbook (or teacher) can help you further.
- Warren
7. Mar 16, 2006
### cabellos
I think iv cracked it...........does this sound right................
Voltage = 85 x (2400/1800) = 113.33 Volts
Now V=IR 113.33/54.3 = 2.09 Amps
And finally P = (2.09^2)50
= 217.81 Watts
8. Mar 16, 2006
### chroot
Staff Emeritus
Looks right, cabellos!
- Warren | 740 | 2,744 | {"found_math": false, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 3.703125 | 4 | CC-MAIN-2018-43 | latest | en | 0.949263 |
https://community.smartsheet.com/discussion/109312/formula-to-generate-date-1-year-from-today | 1,721,125,219,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-30/segments/1720763514742.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20240716080920-20240716110920-00135.warc.gz | 160,428,800 | 105,393 | # Formula to generate date 1 year from today?
Options
I am trying to figure out a formula that will generate a date that is 1 year from today.
For example, if we have a contract that requires 12 months of notice to cancel, and I have a column to track the Earliest Possible Termination Date, I want that column to tell me the date that is 1 year out, or 365 days after today.
Tags:
• ✭✭✭✭✭✭
Options
I would suggest using a column that has the contract start date and use that static date to determine 1 year later. There is a TODAY() formula that can be used but it will continually change your value as "today" changes.
So, the Earliest Possible Termination Date column could use the following column formula.
=[Contract Start Date]@row + 365
Hope this helps,
Dave
• Options
Hi @DKazatsky2, thank you for your response! I am very interested in learning the TODAY() formula that will continually change value as "today" changes -- that's actually what I'm needing to accomplish in my sheet. Could you please share how you'd use that formula?
• ✭✭✭✭✭✭
Options
All you need to do is use TODAY() in any formula. So to get the date in one year you would use =TODAY() + 365.
Best of luck,
Dave
• Options
=DATE(YEAR(TODAY())+1, MONTH(TODAY()), DAY(TODAY()))
This way is a little more flexible, can do with months or days too but here you have format to do any.
## Help Article Resources
Want to practice working with formulas directly in Smartsheet?
Check out the Formula Handbook template! | 379 | 1,506 | {"found_math": false, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 2.546875 | 3 | CC-MAIN-2024-30 | latest | en | 0.915382 |
http://wdxtub.com/interview/14520597852502.html | 1,524,199,440,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-17/segments/1524125937114.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20180420042340-20180420062340-00273.warc.gz | 346,243,742 | 18,013 | # Sort List
``````给出1-3->2->null，给它排序变成1->2->3->null
``````
merge sort
## Code
``````/**
* Definition for ListNode.
* public class ListNode {
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using constant space complexity.
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private ListNode merge(ListNode head1, ListNode head2) {
ListNode dummy = new ListNode(0);
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if (head1 != null) {
tail.next = head1;
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return dummy.next;
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public ListNode sortList(ListNode head) {
if (head == null || head.next == null) {
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ListNode mid = findMiddle(head);
ListNode right = sortList(mid.next);
mid.next = null;
ListNode left = sortList(head);
return merge(left, right);
}
}
`````` | 351 | 1,277 | {"found_math": false, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 3.09375 | 3 | CC-MAIN-2018-17 | latest | en | 0.428315 |
https://doctormyessay.com/2021/10/20/university-of-georgia-finane-4810the-option-speculator-mini-case-is/ | 1,695,715,386,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510179.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20230926075508-20230926105508-00841.warc.gz | 247,066,283 | 19,764 | # University of georgia. finane 4810,the option speculator mini-case is
university of Georgia, finance 4810
The Option Speculator Mini-Case is designed to test your knowledge of speculation with currency options.
A speculator is considering the purchase of five three-month Japanese yen call options with a strike price of 96 cents per 100 yen. The premium is 1.35 cents per 100 yen. The spot price is 95.28 cents per 100 yen and the 90-day forward rate is 95.71 cents. The speculator believes the yen will appreciate to \$1.00 per 100 yen over the next three months. As the speculator’s assistant, you have been asked to prepare the following:
1. In Excel , diagram the call option, profit (or loss) on the y-axis and future spot price on the x-axis.
2. Determine the speculator’s profit if the yen appreciates to \$1.00/100 yen.
3. Determine the speculator’s profit if the yen appreciates only to the forward rate.
4. Determine the future spot price at which the speculator will only break even.
Hint: To correctly graph all points on the payoff line, for the chart type in Excel you will need to use an X Y (Scatter) with Straight Lines and Markers.
Keep in mind that for your assignment, you should enter data for Profit and Future Spot Rate as the Y-axis and X-axis variables. To create the data, you will select the Future Spot Rates notes in the questions and you can also add additional Future Spot Rates at regular intervals, and then enter the corresponding Profit in the same row. Also, you need to make sure to include the strike price as one of the future spot rates. On a given row Profit corresponds to the Future Spot Rate.
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Order your essay today and save 10% with the coupon code: best10 | 806 | 3,540 | {"found_math": false, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 2.625 | 3 | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | longest | en | 0.871213 |
https://maslinandco.com/5986676 | 1,675,032,322,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499768.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20230129211612-20230130001612-00584.warc.gz | 408,721,569 | 3,507 | # Solve for: (-14)^{4/2}
## Expression: $(-14)^{\frac{4}{2}}$
Divide the numbers: $\frac{4}{2}=2$
$=(-14)^{2}$
Apply exponent rule $(-a)^{n}=a^{n},\quad$if $n$ is even
$=14^{2}$
$14^{2}=196$
$=196$
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http://slideplayer.com/slide/2379679/ | 1,534,832,741,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-34/segments/1534221217970.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20180821053629-20180821073629-00467.warc.gz | 364,384,910 | 19,609 | # Trig/Pre-Calculus You will: Write complex numbers from trig form to standard form. Find the product and quotient of complex numbers in trig form Use DeMoivre’s.
## Presentation on theme: "Trig/Pre-Calculus You will: Write complex numbers from trig form to standard form. Find the product and quotient of complex numbers in trig form Use DeMoivre’s."— Presentation transcript:
Trig/Pre-Calculus You will: Write complex numbers from trig form to standard form. Find the product and quotient of complex numbers in trig form Use DeMoivre’s Theorem to find powers of complex numbers Today’s Lesson: 6.5b Complex Numbers in Trig Form
From Trig Form to Standard Form
Product and Quotient of Two Complex Numbers Product Quotient For
Find the product the complex numbers.
Find the quotient the complex numbers.
Evaluate completely.
DeMoivre’s Theorem Powers of Complex Numbers For
Use DeMoivre’s Theorem to find DeMoivre’s Theorem
Use DeMoivre’s Theorem to find Write in trig form (rcis ) QII DeMoivre’s Theorem 4
Use DeMoivre’s Theorem to find Write in trig form (rcis ) QI DeMoivre’s Theorem3 2
Use DeMoivre’s Theorem to find Write in trig form (rcis ) QII DeMoivre’s Theorem2
HW: p440 #33-39 odds, 51-61 odds, 73-83 odds [Honors: 64,66,70,72]
[Honors: 64,66,70,72]
Download ppt "Trig/Pre-Calculus You will: Write complex numbers from trig form to standard form. Find the product and quotient of complex numbers in trig form Use DeMoivre’s."
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https://statkat.com/confidence-interval-as-test-explanation/two-sample-t-test/left-sided.php | 1,657,202,800,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-27/segments/1656104692018.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220707124050-20220707154050-00208.warc.gz | 575,997,364 | 4,726 | Using the $C$% confidence interval for $\mu_1 - \mu_2$ to perform left sided two sample $t$ test (equal variances not assumed): full explanation
If 0 is not in the $C$% confidence interval and the difference between the two sample means is smaller than 0 (as expected), the difference between the two sample means is significantly smaller than 0 at significance level $\alpha = \frac{1 \, - \, C/100}{2}$
If 0 is not in the $C$% confidence interval and the difference between the two sample means is smaller than 0, the difference between the two sample means is significantly smaller than 0 at significance level $\alpha = \frac{1 \, - \, C/100}{2}$. In order to understand why, we have to be aware of the following three points, which are illustrated in the figure above: The lower bound of the $C$% confidence interval for $\mu_1 - \mu_2$ is $\bar{y} - t^* \times SE$, the upper bound is $\bar{y} + t^* \times SE$. That is, we subtract $t^* \times SE$ from the difference between the two sample means, and we add $t^* \times SE$ to the difference between the two sample means. Here: $SE$ is the standard error of $\bar{y}_1 - \bar{y}_2$, which is $\sqrt{\frac{s^2_1}{n_1} + \frac{s^2_2}{n_2}}$ the critical value $t^*$ is the value under the $t$ distribution with area $C / 100$ between $-t^*$ and $t^*$, and therefore area $\frac{1\,-\,C/100}{2}$ to the right of $t^*$ and to the left of $-t^*$. In the figure above, the red dots represent differences between two sample means, the blue arrows represent the distance $t^* \times SE$. If we set the significance level $\alpha$ at $\frac{1 \, - \, C/100}{2}$, the critical value $t^*$ used for the significance test is the value under the $t$ distribution with area $\alpha = \frac{1\,-\,C/100}{2}$ to the left of $t^*$. This is the same critical value $t^*$ as the (negative) $t^*$ used for the $C$% confidence interval. We reject the null hypothesis at $\alpha = \frac{1\,-\,C/100}{2}$ if the $t$ value $t = \frac{(\bar{y}_1 - \bar{y}_2) - 0}{SE}$ is at least as small as the negative $t^*$. This means that we reject the null hypothesis at $\alpha = \frac{1\,-\,C/100}{2}$ if the difference between the two sample means $\bar{y}_1 - \bar{y}_2$ is at least $t^* \times SE$ below 0. In the figure above, the rejection region for $\bar{y}_1 - \bar{y}_2$ is represented by the green area. If 0 is not in the $C$% confidence interval [$\bar{y} - t^* \times SE \,;\, \bar{y} + t^* \times SE$] and the difference between the two sample means $\bar{y}_1 - \bar{y}_2$ is smaller than 0, then $\bar{y}_1 - \bar{y}_2$ must be at least $t^* \times SE$ below 0. In the figure above, the first confidence interval does not contain 0 and the difference between the two sample means is smaller than 0, so the difference between the two sample means must be at least $t^* \times SE$ below 0. The second confidence interval does contain 0, so the difference between the two sample means must be less than $t^* \times SE$ below 0. In sum, if 0 is not in the $C$% confidence interval [$\bar{y} - t^* \times SE \,;\, \bar{y} + t^* \times SE$] and the difference between the two sample means is smaller than 0, we know that the difference between the two sample means is significantly smaller than 0 at significance level $\alpha = \frac{1 \, - \, C/100}{2}$. | 994 | 3,295 | {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 1, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 3.96875 | 4 | CC-MAIN-2022-27 | latest | en | 0.887838 |
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Risks and scenarios in the Swedish income-based pension system
KTH, School of Engineering Sciences (SCI), Mathematics (Dept.), Mathematical Statistics.
2015 (English)Independent thesis Advanced level (degree of Master (Two Years)), 20 credits / 30 HE creditsStudent thesis
##### Abstract [en]
In this master thesis the risks and scenarios in the Swedish income-based pension system are investigated. To investigate the risks one has chosen to look at a vector autoregressive (VAR) model for three variables (AP-fund returns, average wage returns and inflation). Bootstrap is used to simulate the VAR model. When the simulated values are received they are put back in equations that describes real average wage return, real return from the AP-funds, average wage and income index. Lastly the pension balance is calculated with the simulated data.
Scenarios are created by changing one variable at the time in the VAR model. Then it is investigated how different scenarios affect the indexation and pension balance.
The result show a cross correlation structure between average wage return and inflation in the VAR model, but AP-fund returns can simply be modelled as an exogenous white noise random variable. In the scenario when average wage return is altered, one can see the largest changes in indexation and pension balance.
##### Abstract [sv]
I det här examensarbetet (”Risker och scenarion i Sveriges inkomstgrundande allmänna pensionssystem) undersöks risker och scenarier i inkomstpensionssystemet. För att kunna undersöka riskerna har en vector autoregressive (VAR) modell valts för tre variabler (AP-fonds avkastning, medelinkomst avkastning och inflation). Bootstrap används för att simulera VAR modellen. När värden från simuleringarna erhållits kan dessa sättas in i ekvationer som beskriver real medelinkomst avkastning, real avkastning från AP-fonderna och inkomst index. Slutligen beräknas pensionsbehållning med simulerad data.
Scenarierna utförs genom att en variabel i taget i VAR modellen störs. Sedan utreds hur denna störning påverkar resterande parametrar som beräknas. Detta görs för olika scenarion.
I VAR modellen finns korrelationer mellan medelinkomst avkastning och inflation, men AP-fonds avkastning kan ses som vitt brus. De scenarier som har störst påverkan på indexeringen ¨ar då medelinkomst avkastningen ¨andras.
2015.
##### Series
TRITA-MAT-E ; 2015:75
##### Keywords [en]
Pension, VAR, Bootstrap, Scenario
##### National Category
Probability Theory and Statistics
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OAI: oai:DiVA.org:kth-176100DiVA, id: diva2:868432
##### External cooperation
Pensionsmyndigheten
##### Subject / course
Mathematical Statistics
##### Educational program
Master of Science - Applied and Computational Mathematics
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v. 2.35.7
| | 1,110 | 4,000 | {"found_math": false, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 2.546875 | 3 | CC-MAIN-2019-39 | latest | en | 0.533294 |
http://research.stlouisfed.org/fred2/series/CIPPPGBDA156NUPN | 1,433,311,993,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-22/segments/1433195036630.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20150601214356-00056-ip-10-180-206-219.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 149,596,448 | 20,686 | # Investment Share of Purchasing Power Parity Converted GDP Per Capita at current prices for Bangladesh
2010: 22.84737 Percent
Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted, CIPPPGBDA156NUPN, Updated: 2012-09-17 10:43 AM CDT
1yr | 5yr | 10yr | Max
For proper citation, see http://pwt.econ.upenn.edu/php_site/pwt_index.php
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Source: University of Pennsylvania
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Use a formula to modify and combine data series into a single line. For example, invert an exchange rate a by using formula 1/a, or calculate the spread between 2 interest rates a and b by using formula a - b.
Use the assigned data series variables above (e.g. a, b, ...) together with operators {+, -, *, /, ^}, braces {(,)}, and constants {e.g. 2, 1.5} to create your own formula {e.g. 1/a, a-b, (a+b)/2, (a/(a+b+c))*100}. The default formula 'a' displays only the first data series added to this line. You may also add data series to this line before entering a formula.
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``` University of Pennsylvania, Investment Share of Purchasing Power Parity Converted GDP Per Capita at current prices for Bangladesh [CIPPPGBDA156NUPN], retrieved from FRED, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis https://research.stlouisfed.org/fred2/series/CIPPPGBDA156NUPN/, June 3, 2015. ```
Retrieving data.
Graph updated. | 477 | 1,794 | {"found_math": false, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 2.515625 | 3 | CC-MAIN-2015-22 | latest | en | 0.781025 |
https://www.tutorialspoint.com/checking-the-intensity-of-shuffle-of-an-array-javascript | 1,669,773,639,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-49/segments/1669446710712.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20221129232448-20221130022448-00566.warc.gz | 1,124,881,237 | 9,725 | # Checking the intensity of shuffle of an array - JavaScript
JavascriptWeb DevelopmentFront End TechnologyObject Oriented Programming
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An array of numbers is 100% shuffled if no two consecutive numbers appear together in the array (we only consider the ascending order case here). And it is 0% shuffled if pairs are of consecutive numbers.
For an array of length n there will be n-1 pairs of elements (without distorting its order).
We are required to write a JavaScript function that takes in an array of numbers and returns a number between [0, 100] representing the intensity of shuffle in the array
## Example
Following is the code −
const arr = [4, 23, 1, 23, 35, 78, 4, 45, 7, 34, 7];
// this function calculates deviation from ascending sort
const shuffleIntensity = arr => {
let inCorrectPairs = 0;
if(arr.length <= 1){
return 0;
};
for(let i = 0; i < arr.length - 1; i++){
if(arr[i] - arr[i+1] <= 0){
continue;
};
inCorrectPairs++;
};
return (inCorrectPairs / (arr.length -1)) * 100;
};
console.log(shuffleIntensity(arr));
## Output
Following is the output in the console −
40
It means that 40% chunk of this array is shuffled.
Updated on 18-Sep-2020 08:54:18 | 362 | 1,426 | {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 1, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 2.859375 | 3 | CC-MAIN-2022-49 | latest | en | 0.710114 |
http://forum.coppeliarobotics.com/viewtopic.php?f=9&t=7575&p=29677 | 1,555,622,976,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-18/segments/1555578526807.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20190418201429-20190418223429-00196.warc.gz | 69,571,889 | 6,515 | ## Probabilistic Robotics
Typically: "How do I... ", "How can I... " questions
staycoolish
Posts: 1
Joined: 01 Nov 2018, 19:58
### Probabilistic Robotics
Hello,
I’ve learned about v-rep very recently. I need to find a simulation software that is capable of those:
1. Adding noise to sensor models, preferably a laser distance sensor.
2. Adding noise to motion model (kinematic) of a unicycle/dfferential drive, as we will use a simple unicycle model.
3. Commanding linear & angular velocities of the unicycle.
Now, I’ve seen that there are lots of different robots in v-rep, and I’ve seen Pioneer robot as differential drive. Most probably I will not be able to develop my unicycle model, since there is no enough time, but as far as you know are there any other differential drive models that we can download? Since I need a kinematic model, if Pioneer takes dynamics into account, I either need to access the equations of motion of it or download a kinematic model. Something tells me it’s very easy to access its equations of motions though.
My other question is, how can I add noise to motion and sensor models? I believe it must be very easy to do it for sensor, but for motion model, should I connect v-rep to matlab?
Finally, differential drive is controlled through its 2 wheels, but in our study we are required to command its linear & angular velocities. I know it’s not that hard, but again can I just use Matlab for achieving this? If there is a tutorial that you recommend to access the motion model of the robot, it would help a lot!
All of my questions are related to modifying EOM of the robot & adding sensor noise. However, I’ve written an essay accidentally.
coppelia
Posts: 7077
Joined: 14 Dec 2012, 00:25
### Re: Probabilistic Robotics
Hello,
try to handle one task after the other. At the very first, make sure to follow a few tutorials. Also have a look how the various example models and scene are made/programmed. Then try to create a simple inverse pendulum as a beginning. Then move ahead step-by-step.
Cheers | 482 | 2,052 | {"found_math": false, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 2.65625 | 3 | CC-MAIN-2019-18 | latest | en | 0.940884 |
http://amicidellacattolica.it/ovri/income-elasticity-of-demand-questions-and-answers.html | 1,590,712,538,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-24/segments/1590347401004.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20200528232803-20200529022803-00483.warc.gz | 8,837,542 | 16,142 | Here we are dealing with a simultaneous increase in demand and an increase in supply. If the price elasticity of demand for some good is estimated to be 4, then a 1% increase in price will lead to a: 20% increase in quantity demanded. Access the answers to hundreds of Income elasticity of demand questions that are explained in a way that's. Chapter 20: Demand and Supply: Elasticities and Applications 4 20-10 (Key Question) In November 1998 Vincent van Gogh's self-portrait sold at auction for $71. It is calculated as a percentage change in quantity demanded divided by the percentage change in income. Expert Answer. ) Use the midpoint method to calculate the price elasticity of demand for potato chips that increased in price from$2. Multiple choice questions. Income Elasticity for the said good is =2. If I = 25 and price is at its equilibrium level, what will the price elasticity of demand be?. Change in income spent/change in clothing price = elasticity, and the numerator is 0 so it should equal 0. Her current income is $100,000 and she normally buys 100 units of good A per year. In this video I explain the total revenue test, elasticity of demand, elasticity of supply, cross-price elasticity, and income elasticity. The relative response of a change in demand to a change in income. The answer choices are lettered A through E. Explanation: The concept of income elasticity of demand shows the change in demand due to change in the income of the consumer. Zero income elasticity of demand ( E Y =0) If the quantity demanded for a commodity remains constant with any rise or fall in income of the consumer and, it is said to be zero income elasticity of demand. The degree of responsiveness of demand to change in the price of related goods (substitute goods, complementary goods) is known as cross elasticity of demand. Currently taking CIE revision classes this holiday and was working through Unit 2 and income elasticity of demand. Price elasticity of demandQuestion 1Work out the PED for each, and comment on your result. In reality the consumer does not buy more of all the goods. Answer: % change in price = (+) 66. Before watching the lecture video, read the course textbook for an introduction to the material covered in this session: Chapter 5, "Elasticity: A Measure of Response. For cross-price elasticity of demand, if the coefficient EAB is positive the goods are considered "substitutes," and if EAB is negative the goods are considered "complements. This lesson worksheet / quiz provides multiple choice, short answer and fill in the blank questions on income elasticity of demand. ) Use the midpoint method to calculate the price elasticity of demand for potato chips that increased in price from$2. MCQs of Elasticity of Demand and Supply 1. Cheryl's income elasticity for good A is -2. King, Public Policy Analysis Program, University of Rochester,USA D. For each coefficient, indicate each type of elasticity: elastic demand, inelastic demand, or unitary demand. Demand is likely to rise, implying a shift right in the demand curve and a positive income elasticity of demand. The formula for price elasticity is: Price Elasticity = (% Change in Quantity) / (% Change in Price) Let's look at an example. Luxury goods and services have an income elasticity of demand > +1 i. This notion. 35 Questions Show answers. The Nature of Economics. Self-Check Questions. Chapter 02. Get an answer for 'How useful might governments find the concepts of price and income elasticity of demand when setting economic policy?' and find homework help for other Social Sciences questions. How sensitive are things to change in price? 4 questions. Questions and Answers Click on the questions below to reveal the answers. fullscreen. Questions Microeconomics (with answers) 1a Markets, demand and supply 01 Price and quantity 1 Price Demand Supply 0 100 0 1 80 30 2 60 60 3 40 90 4 20 120 5 0 150 Draw demand and supply using a graph. 40, and the price elasticity of demand for matinee moviegoers is -2. ) Use the midpoint method to calculate the price elasticity of demand for potato chips that increased in price from $2. Since it is greater than 0, we say that goods are substitutes. supply becomes more elastic in the long-run due to a rise in household disposable incomes and consequential increase in demand (c) supply elasticity ranges. If Income Increases By 5%, How Much Can Demand Be Expected To Increase? Demand For X Decreases From 100 To 50 When The Price Of Y Decreases From$7 To $6. Question Answers 1. 25% decrease in quantity demanded. For example: In case of basic necessary goods such as salt, kerosene. Post your answers into the table, Figure 1. Calculate her income elasticity of demand for vacations Vacations are a income. Income elasticity of demand for food is equal to 1. Compensated demand function is q = f (Uo, p1, p2) where Uo is the utility which is kept constant. Determine the own price elasticity of demand, and state whether demand is elastic, inelastic, or unitary elastic. B)the difference between one price and another. That is, the price elasticity of demand is -50%/10% = -5. org are unblocked. 1) Assume that her income increases by some "z" percent, while the price of shoes remains constant (and that all pairs of shoes cost the same amount of money). Normal necessities have an income elasticity of demand of between 0 and +1 for example, if income increases by 10% and the demand for fresh fruit increases by 4% then the income elasticity is +0. If good A has a positive cross-price elastic of demand with good B and good A also has a positive income elasticity of demand, then a. 1) A relative price is A)the ratio of one price to another. Explain Income elasticity of demand and give and give example? check_circle Expert Answer. Chapter 06. 9 The ratio of the per-. Here, only the second statement is showing income elasticity of demand. The cross-price elasticity is defined on this basis. For luxury goods and services, income elasticity of demand rises more than the rise in real income. Positive Income Elasticity (Exy>0) Negative Income Elasticity (Exy<0). 25% decrease in quantity demanded. Price elasticity of supply. Most importantly, though, you need to be able to interpret these numbers and explain what they mean. For example, if your income increase by 5% and your demand for mobile phones increased 20% then the YED of mobile phones = 20/5 = 4. Income Elasticity of Demand is the topic covered by this A Level Business revision quiz. An example of a product with positive income elasticity could be Ferraris. By convention, we always talk about elasticities as. When the quantity demanded of a product or service decreases in response to an increase and increases in response to decrease in the income level, the income elasticity of demand is negative and the product is an inferior good. Calculating the price elasticity and income elasticity of demand. Normal demand function (Marshalian) is q = f( Ro, p1, p2) where p1,p2 are prices of commodities and Ro is the Revenue which is constant. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. Income Elasticity of Demand Questions and Answers (269 questions and answers). Some of the most important factors are the price of the good or service, the price of other goods and services, the income of the population or person and the preferences of the consumers. cant differences in income elasticity,7 and a recent econometric analysis questions the alleged difference in productivity. Identify a competitive equilibrium of demand and supply. Chapter 06. Raees Ahmad bought 50 litres of petrol when his monthly income was Rs. Here, we evaluate the effect of the percentage change in the price of other products on the quantity of demand for a particular good. In this video I explain the total revenue test, elasticity of demand, elasticity of supply, cross-price elasticity, and income elasticity. When income rises by 12% the quantity of ketchup demanded at the current price increases by 5%. Income Elasticity of Demand Questions and Answers (269 questions and answers). Quiz Income_Elasticity_Demand. Access the answers to hundreds of Income elasticity of demand questions that are explained in a way that's. 100% Free AP Test Prep website that offers study material to high school students seeking to prepare for AP exams. The price of a smartphone is currently £200, and the quantity demanded is 4m. 4: this good is a normal good. 90 would be expected to increase daily sales by: C. In this case, the income elasticity of demand is calculated as 12 ÷ 7 or about 1. We need information on the firm's cost structure in order to answer this question. The concept of & quot; elasticity & quot; Elasticity (elasticity) - the numerical characteristic of the change in one indicator (for example, demand or supply) to another indicator (for example, price, income), showing how much the first indicator will change when the second one changes by 1%. Question 1 If the price elasticity of supply is 1. B)the difference between one price and another. If good A has a positive cross-price elastic of demand with good B and good A also has a positive income elasticity of demand, then a. b) Quantity demanded for tea has increased from 300 to 450 units with an increase in the price of the coffee powder from Rs 25 to Rs 30. Compensated demand function is q = f (Uo, p1, p2) where Uo is the utility which is kept constant. Suppose the price elasticity of demand for cigarettes is. demand rises more than proportionate to a change in income – for example a 8% increase in income might lead to a 10% rise in the demand for new kitchens. This occurs when an increase in income leads to a fall in demand. However, theoretical economists can provide a useful guidance for studying this relationship. The estimated coefficient you will get for your income elasticity variable in the complete model will be considered "Income elasticity of demand while holding other X-variables constant". If you're seeing this message, it means we're having trouble loading external resources on our website. Weimer, Robert M. In this case, the income elasticity of demand is calculated as 12 ÷ 7 or about 1. Cross-elasticity. For each coefficient, indicate each type of elasticity: elastic demand, inelastic demand, or unitary demand. 6: this good is an inferior good. Compare the effect on the sales of the two goods, ceteris paribus. Cross elasticity of demand is the ratio of percentage change in quantity demanded of a product to percentage change in price of a related product. The price elasticity of demand is: a) the ratio of the percentage change in quantity demanded to the percentage change in price. Questions Microeconomics (with answers) 1a Markets, demand and supply 01 Price and quantity 1 Price Demand Supply 0 100 0 1 80 30 2 60 60 3 40 90 4 20 120 5 0 150 Draw demand and supply using a graph. What is the income elasticity of demand (ceteris paribus)? /**/Average real incomes rise by 5% over a given year. income elasticity and cross elasticity convey infor-mation, we retain the sign rather than discard. Quiz with answers Income_Elasticity_Demand_Key. If the price elasticity of demand for some good is estimated to be 4, then a 1% increase in price will lead to a: 20% increase in quantity demanded. 35 Questions Show answers. Income elasticity of demand is a measure of how much demand for a good/service changes relative to a change in income, with all other factors remaining the same. Question: The Income Elasticity Of Demand For A Good Is 0. From the data shown in Table below about demand for smart phones, calculate the price elasticity of demand from: point \ (B\) to point \ (C\), point \ (D\) to point \ (E\), and point \ (G\) to point \ (H\). Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. When Maria has decided always to spend one-third of her income on clothing, income elasticity of demand would be one. No, these normally have a strong positive income elasticity. Correct Answer: A. If, when the price of a product rises from$1. The term is used in economics to refer to the sensitivity of demand for a particular product or service in response to a change in the income of consumers. Demand is rising less than proportionately to income. Income elasticity of demand for food is equal to 1. 5 Income elasticity of demand YED practice questions worksheet edition 2 Student copy and teacher copy with answers. Income elasticity of demand is the change in quantity demanded with respect to the change in income of the consumer. Chapter 02. Chapter 01. Answer to Question: a. Income elasticity of demand equals the. 5 at all prices and incomes. Normal demand function (Marshalian) is q = f( Ro, p1, p2) where p1,p2 are prices of commodities and Ro is the Revenue which is constant. For the next three questions the answer should be a number:b. EDEXCEL Alevel Business 1. Chapter 4 - Elasticity - Sample Questions MULTIPLE CHOICE. Read More ». It is represented by a symbol (E d). Use the demand diagram below to answer this question. Normal demand function (Marshalian) is q = f( Ro, p1, p2) where p1,p2 are prices of commodities and Ro is the Revenue which is constant. Income easticity of demand measures the responsiveness of demand for any goods to changes in income. Make sure to pause the video and try to answer the seven. Question 1 The price elasticity of demand is positive; the income elasticity of demand is negative. Answer: By definition, The elasticity of demand is the change in demand due to the change in one or more of the variable factors that it depends on. Introduction Important Questions for Class 12 Economics,Concept of Price Elasticity of Demand and Its Determinants. A change in quantity demanded is caused by a change in the price of the good, and is represented by a movement ALONG a demand curve. It only takes a minute to sign up. Scarcity, Governments, and Economists. Meaning of Price Elasticity of Demand:. Explanation: A The income elasticity of demand is the percentage change in quantity demanded divided by the percentage change in income, or = 1. 30 seconds. question_answer. Economics: Price elasticity questions Cross elasticity of demand Elasticity Case and Questions: National consumption of chicken Supply and Demand and Elasticity Question question in elasticity of demand Problems using price and income elasticity Price and Income Elasticity calculations Marginal utility, demand curves, elasticity, regression. The items are numbered 21. If the price of a good increases by 8% and the quantity demanded decreases by 12%, what is. Round your Sylvia's annual salary increases from $100,500 to$109,500, and she decides to increase the number of vacations she takes per year from three to four. Access the answers to hundreds of Income elasticity of demand questions that are explained in a way that's. income elasticity can be applied in the intersection of market demand and supply. Normal demand function (Marshalian) is q = f( Ro, p1, p2) where p1,p2 are prices of commodities and Ro is the Revenue which is constant. Chapter 03. Then, as the elasticity of a function $\varepsilon=\frac{\partial f}{\partial x}\frac{f(x)}{x}$ can be expressed in terms of logarithms $\varepsilon=\frac{\partial \ln f}{\partial \ln x}$, in your estimation it would amount to say that, ceteris paribus, the elasticity of. The price elasticity of demand for weekend and evening patrons is -0. 68 ( The income elasticity of demand for good x is 0. The price of a smartphone is currently £200, and the quantity demanded is 4m. Next year the price falls to £180 and the quantity demanded rises to 6m. (b) Explain how Price leadership and collusion are used to influence prices in oligopoly. demand rises more than proportionate to a change in income – for example a 8% increase in income might lead to a 10% rise in the demand for new kitchens. it is the ratio of percentage change in quantity demanded to the percentage change in income. The elasticity of demand is given by (dQ / dP)*(P/Q), where P is the price function and Q the demand. 4 questions. Explanation: A The income elasticity of demand is the percentage change in quantity demanded divided by the percentage change in income, or = 1. If I = 25, what is the equilibrium price and quantity? b. Normal goods have a positive income elasticity of demand so as consumers' income increase, there is an increase in quantity demand. Generally lower income individuals need criminal lawyers so we could assume that the income elasticity of demand measure for a criminal lawyer would be negative. In other words, a moderate drop in income produces a greater drop in demand. 4\% }[/latex] which is 0. 2 indicates that when income increases by 10%, demand increases by 2% in a reasonable period of time that allows the consumers to adjust that tobacco use behavior. Income elasticity. For both types of demand functions, there are price elasticities (own price and cross-price). ELASTICITY OF DEMAND AND SUPPLY 4. More specifically the income elasticity of demand is the percentage change in demand due to a percentage change in buyers' income. they are complements, an increase in the price of B will increase the price of the bundle (A + B) which in. Real GDP is a variable for aggregate income. Elasticity value is greater than one, hence the good is luxury. 25% decrease in quantity demanded. This statement says that a 10% increase in price reduces the quantity demanded by 50%. Demand would tend to be price inelastic. Meaning of Price Elasticity of Demand:. 8 This section considers some evidence concerning both matters. fullscreen. Normal demand function (Marshalian) is q = f( Ro, p1, p2) where p1,p2 are prices of commodities and Ro is the Revenue which is constant. Faimus answered the question on January 16, 2019 at 19:39 Next: Price elasticity of demand coefficient can be interpreted in several ways. (2003) and Espey et al. Elasticity is a measure of the relationship between quantity demanded or supplied and another variable, such as price or income, which affects the quantity demanded or supplied. This means that as one's income goes down, the quantity demanded of criminal lawyers would rise. Question: The difference between price elasticity of demand and income elasticity of demand is that Select one: a. Question 2 Refer to the accompanying table. income elasticity measures the responsiveness of income to changes in supply. In other words it would be percent change of quantity demanded when the price changes by one percent. Be able to explain your answer. The responsiveness of the quantity demanded to the change in income is called Income elasticity of. If the price elasticity of demand for some good is estimated to be 4, then a 1% increase in price will lead to a: 20% increase in quantity demanded. The quantity of a good demanded rises from 1000 to 1500 units when the price falls from $1. Point elasticity Vs Arc elasticity; Applications of elasticity; Relationship between Price elasticity of demand and Revenue; Importance of Price elasticity of demand; Income elasticity; Cross elasticity; Review Questions & Internal Assessment 6 2 5. Identify a competitive equilibrium of demand and supply. Income elasticity of demand: = (dQ / dM)*(M/Q) Income elasticity of demand: = (25)*(20/14000) Income elasticity of demand: = 0. Elasticity: Sample Quiz. Answer: The correct answer is option B. Practice Questions and Answers from Lesson I -7: Elasticity. How sensitive are things to change in price? 4 questions. The elasticity of demand measures the relative change in the total amount of goods or services that are demanded by the market or by an individual. Calculate the income elasticity of demand for DVDs, where a 10 percent increase in income results in a 20 percent increase in the quantity of DVDs demanded at a given price. Income elasticity of demand measures how the quantity demanded changes as consumer income changes. fullscreen. What Does Income Elasticity of Demand Mean? This is an important concept because it shows what consumers. ,USA Keywords: Price elasticity of demand, income elasticity of demand Contents. The term is used in economics to refer to the sensitivity of demand for a particular product or service in response to a change in the income of consumers. The elasticity of demand is given by (dQ / dP)*(P/Q), where P is the price function and Q the demand. Price elasticity of demand. tutorial practice questions: list the five key determinants of price elasticity of demand and explain how each determinant indicates whether demand tends to be. Quiz with answers Income_Elasticity_Demand_Key. so you basically need the derivative of Q (at q=30) (with respect to P) multiplied by P/Q (at q=30). Session Activities Readings. Open full screen. This pack examines price elasticity of demand and supply, polar cases of elasticity, constant elasticity, and elasticity in pricing and other areas. This is a very unusual question, i would expect more questions on the determinants of PED. 1 2, 0 0 0 /-, and demand for rice increases from 3 0 kgs. 118 (1990) and 1. Answers to questions in Economics by Sloman and Norris. It is calculated as the ratio of percentage change in quantity demanded and percentage change in price. However, theoretical economists can provide a useful guidance for studying this relationship. A change in quantity demanded is caused by a change in the price of the good, and is represented by a movement ALONG a demand curve. 5 and that for good y is 2. The relative response of a change in demand to a change in income. This lesson worksheet / quiz provides multiple choice, short answer and fill in the blank questions on income elasticity of demand. broilers, frozen French fries vs. Join 1000s of fellow Business teachers and students all getting the tutor2u Business team's latest resources and support delivered fresh in their inbox every. Demand would tend to be price elastic. Cheryl's income elasticity for good A is -2. This depends on whether good in question is a normal good or an inferior good. e (% change in quantity demanded)/(%chang. A: Click to see the answer. org are unblocked. What is the income elasticity of demand and is the good a normal good or an inferior good? Be able to explain your answer. For both types of demand functions, there are price elasticities (own price and cross-price). Explain Income elasticity of demand and give and give example? check_circle Expert Answer. 4 questions. Here we are dealing with a simultaneous increase in demand and an increase in supply. A matching question presents 5 answer choices and 5 items. Suppose at a price of$10 the quantity demanded is 100. His income elasticity of demand for petrol is:. The price elasticity of demand is: a) the ratio of the percentage change in quantity demanded to the percentage change in price. 5% increase in quantity demanded. Questions True/False and Explain Price Elasticity of Demand 11. Determinants i can think of include the price of the product as a proportion of the person's income. If the price elasticity of demand for some good is estimated to be 4, then a 1% increase in price will lead to a: 20% increase in quantity demanded. Answers to questions in Economics by Sloman and Norris. Question: The Income Elasticity Of Demand For A Good Is 0. 63, then you could say that ibuprofen is ______. 45, an amount smaller than one, showing that the demand is inelastic in this interval. The price of pens today is £1, and the quantity demanded is. 40, and the price elasticity of demand for matinee moviegoers is -2. The concept of & quot; elasticity & quot; Elasticity (elasticity) - the numerical characteristic of the change in one indicator (for example, demand or supply) to another indicator (for example, price, income), showing how much the first indicator will change when the second one changes by 1%. Introduction Important Questions for Class 12 Economics,Concept of Price Elasticity of Demand and Its Determinants. The price of a smartphone is currently £200, and the quantity demanded is 4m. Identify a competitive equilibrium of demand and supply. Then the coefficient for the income elasticity of demand for this product is:: Ey = percentage change in Qx / percentage change in Y = (5%) / (10%) = 0. 1) A relative price is A)the ratio of one price to another. Since it is greater than 0, we say that goods are substitutes. If Australia's resources are to be allocated most effectively, forward planning is necessary. INCOME ELASTICITY OF DEMAND When the income of a family or a na-tion rises, so does its demand for most goods and services. It is calculated as a percentage change in quantity demanded divided by the percentage change in income. Q)1Explain the following concepts :(a) Explain the Kinked Demand Curve and the reason for the rigidity in prices under oligopoly. If you got one or more of the questions wrong, check the working carefully to make sure that you understand where you went wrong. Price Elasticity of Demand. Income is an important determinant of consumer demand, and YED shows precisely the extent to which changes in income lead to changes in demand. High income elasticity suggests that when a consumer's income rises, consumers will purchase much more of that good. It is a measure of responsiveness of quantity demanded to changes in consumers income. The two pieces of information that can be extracted from these elasticity values is. Point elasticity Vs Arc elasticity; Applications of elasticity; Relationship between Price elasticity of demand and Revenue; Importance of Price elasticity of demand; Income elasticity; Cross elasticity; Review Questions & Internal Assessment 6 2 5. Income elasticity of demand measures how the quantity demanded changes as consumer income changes. 1 2, 0 0 0 /-, and demand for rice increases from 3 0 kgs. income elasticity can be applied in the intersection of market demand and supply. When Maria has decided always to spend one-third of her income on clothing, income elasticity of demand would be one. 05%, and viceversa * Income Elasticity of Demand We choose here months 2 and 3, since American's price and United's price remain constant while per capita income changes. C) are a normal good. Session Activities Readings. (a) the degree of supply elasticity is dependent upon the extent to which the commodity is considered a luxury or a necessity (b) supply becomes more elastic in the long-run due to a rise in household disposable incomes and consequential increase in demand (c) supply elasticity ranges from perfectly elastic in the market period to highly. Question 1 If the price elasticity of supply is 1. Explain Income elasticity of demand and give and give example? check_circle Expert Answer. The quiz will also assess your comprehension of concepts like superior goods and inferior goods. when there is income inequality people with less income get to buy less goods than they would have wanted this. coconut oil demand function Q= 1200 - 9. Answer: By definition, The elasticity of demand is the change in demand due to the change in one or more of the variable factors that it depends on. This occurs when an increase in income leads to a fall in demand. This is because as income increases, the demand for luxury goods (YED > 1) increases more than proportionately and hence firms would leverage on this to earn more total revenue. Explain Income elasticity of demand and give and give example? check_circle Expert Answer. This video shows how to calculate and interpret income elasticity of demand. positive income elasticities of demand. Positive Income Elasticity (Exy>0) Negative Income Elasticity (Exy<0). This relationship varies depending on the. The price elasticity of demand between the prices of $10 and$8 is approximately: Use the following to answer question 17: Exhibit: The Demand for Bungalow Bob's Bagels Price $0. It is calculated as the ratio of percentage change in quantity demanded and percentage change in price. Zero income elasticity of demand ( E Y =0) If the quantity demanded for a commodity remains constant with any rise or fall in income of the consumer and, it is said to be zero income elasticity of demand. This quiz and worksheet will gauge your understanding of income elasticity of demand in microeconomics. If Australia's resources are to be allocated most effectively, forward planning is necessary. How an income elasticity of demand of greater than 1. The value of 1/K x for the income elasticity of demand seems to be significant because when income elasticity for a good equals 1/K x, then the whole of the increase in consumer's. Chapter 02. The income elasticity for demand lies in the range of 0 and +1. Normal demand function (Marshalian) is q = f( Ro, p1, p2) where p1,p2 are prices of commodities and Ro is the Revenue which is constant. 63, then you could say that ibuprofen is ______. What is her income elasticity of demand for shoes? _____ 2) Now assume that the price changes by some "z" percent and her income remains constant. In other words, as income increases, demand for them decreases. Start quiz. Therefore, options a and c are incorrect, since they talk about the responsiveness of a price. C)the slope of the supply curve. If your income increases you might choose to buy more clothes or go to the cinema more often, for example. It is represented by a symbol (E d). 68 ( The income elasticity of demand for good x is 0. 3 Part 3 - Individuals and Markets. Read More ». For entrepreneurs and governments this is important. In reality the consumer does not buy more of all the goods. Elasticity is a measure of the relationship between quantity demanded or supplied and another variable, such as price or income, which affects the quantity demanded or supplied. What is the income elasticity of demand and is the good a normal good or an inferior good? Be able to explain your answer. Scarcity, Governments, and Economists. 1 Chapter 10 - The Rational Consumer. Cheryl's income elasticity for good A is -2. If the price of a good increases by 8% and the quantity demanded decreases by 12%, what is. income elasticity can be applied in the intersection of market demand and supply. Question 1 The price elasticity of demand is positive; the income elasticity of demand is negative. Question: 1) Calculate The Income Elasticity Of Demand For Each Of The Following Goods: Quantity Demanded Quantity Demanded When Income =$10,000 When Income = $20,000 Good 1 10 25 Good 2 4 5 Good 3 3 22) Rank The Following In Order Of Increasing (from Negative To Positive) Cross-price Elasticity Of Demand With Coffee. Question 2 Graphically explain the efiect in the budget constraint of an increase in an individual's income without changing relative prices. Therefore, options a and c are incorrect, since they talk about the responsiveness of a price. How sensitive are things to change in price? 4 questions. When the price drops from$5 to $3, price elasticity of demand for sushi (using the midpoint method) at an income of$30,000 is:. Chapter 17. Open full screen. Income elasticity of demand for (i) bagels is 1. Income elasticity of demand (YED) measures the responsiveness of demand to a change in income. 9 The ratio of the per-. Zero income elasticity of demand ( E Y =0) If the quantity demanded for a commodity remains constant with any rise or fall in income of the consumer and, it is said to be zero income elasticity of demand. Generally lower income individuals need criminal lawyers so we could assume that the income elasticity of demand measure for a criminal lawyer would be negative. This depends on whether good in question is a normal good or an inferior good. answer choices. Income Elasticity of Demand. Price elasticity of demand. Liberty University ECON 213 quiz 7 complete solutions correct answers key. What is the income elasticity of demand and is the good a normal good or an inferior good? Be able to explain your answer. Income is an important determinant of consumer demand, and YED shows precisely the extent to which changes in income lead to changes in demand. Questions Microeconomics (with answers) 2 Elasticities 01 Price elasticity of demand 1. Then the coefficient for the income elasticity of demand for this product is:: Ey = percentage change in Qx / percentage change in Y = (5%) / (10%) = 0. Quiz with answers Income_Elasticity_Demand_Key. A decrease in Mary's salary or income has caused a reduction in her demand for food. No, this is a good where demand rises as the price rises. 5 ln M + ln A where: P x = $15 P y =$6 M = $40,000, and A =$350. The quiz will also assess your comprehension of concepts like superior goods and inferior goods. e (% change in quantity demanded)/(%chang. If the elasticity of demand for a commodity is estimated to be 1. A 10 percent increase in income brings about a 15 percent decrease in the demand for a good. One of the determinants of demand for a good is the price of its related goods. Classify the elasticity at each point as elastic. Either click on a button or enter your answer in the box to the left of the question. Given a demand function Q = f (P, PO, Y) = YPO/P2, where P is the price of the good, PO is the price of another good, and Y is the income level:a. When income rises by 12% the quantity of ketchup demanded at the current price increases by 5%. Income Elasticity of Demand. Price Elasticity of Demand It is the ratio between percentage change in quantity demanded and percentage change in own price of the commodity. A and B are complementary goods, and A is an inferior good c. Portray this sale in a demand and supply diagram and comment on the elasticity of supply. Leave a reply. Income elasticity of demand and cross-price elasticity of demand. Price elasticity of demandQuestion 1Work out the PED for each, and comment on your result. Lizzy has decided that she will always spend one-tenth of her income on shoes. eating out, beef vs. The price elasticity of demand for this product is approximately: A. C)the slope of the supply curve. Use the demand diagram below to answer this question. One of the determinants of demand for a good is the price of its related goods. Quiz with answers Income_Elasticity_Demand_Key. Next year the price falls to £180 and the quantity demanded rises to 6m. (1997) show a particular review of literature about this subject. Elasticity value is greater than one, hence the good is luxury. An income elasticity of 0. Suppose the own price elasticity of demand for good X is -5, its income elasticity is 2, its advertising elasticity is 4, and the cross-price elasticity of demand between it and good Y is 3. As a result, the demand for cars rises by 24%. it is the ratio of percentage change in quantity demanded to the percentage change in income. Over a given period income rises by 10%. question_answer. they are complements, an increase in the price of B will increase the price of the bundle (A + B) which in. For example, if two goods A and B are consumed together i. A-level business practice question worksheet for Income elasticity of demand (15 questions) Formulated with Edexcel Business A-level in mind. Comedian George Carlin once mused, "If a painting can be forged well enough to fool. read it from book on microeconomics of intermediate standard. When ca answers to the nearest hundredth g the income elasticity of demand, use the midpoint formula. Positive Income Elasticity (Exy>0) Negative Income Elasticity (Exy<0). Zero income elasticity of demand ( E Y =0) If the quantity demanded for a commodity remains constant with any rise or fall in income of the consumer and, it is said to be zero income elasticity of demand. Principles of Economics, 7th Edition answers to Chapter 5 - Part II - Elasticity and its Application - Questions for Review - Page 108 1 including work step by step written by community members like you. In Market there are many Consumers of a Single Commodity. What is the income elasticity of demand for Good A?. Given a demand function Q = f (P, PO, Y) = YPO/P2, where P is the price of the good, PO is the price of another good, and Y is the income level:a. income elasticity measures the responsiveness of income to changes in supply. King, Public Policy Analysis Program, University of Rochester,USA D. Post your answers into the table, Figure 1. If it makes up a very small proportion then increasing that person's income won't have much of an impact on demand for that good (inelastic). Either click on a button or enter your answer in the box to the left of the question. Multiple Choice Questions1. Elasticity: Sample Quiz. The concept of & quot; elasticity & quot; Elasticity (elasticity) - the numerical characteristic of the change in one indicator (for example, demand or supply) to another indicator (for example, price, income), showing how much the first indicator will change when the second one changes by 1%. Luxury goods and services have an income elasticity of demand > +1 i. In other words, as income increases, demand for them decreases. Question 2 Refer to the accompanying table. Questions and Answers Click on the questions below to reveal the answers. Inferior goods are those that have a negative income elasticity. Therefore, options a and c are incorrect, since they talk about the responsiveness of a price. The formula for price elasticity is: Price Elasticity = (% Change in Quantity) / (% Change in Price) Let's look at an example. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. The more demanders respond to a price change,. Chapter 4: Multiple choice questions. If the price of a good increases by 8% and the quantity demanded decreases by 12%, what is. Income elasticity of demand is a measure of how much demand for a good/service changes relative to a change in income, with all other factors remaining the same. INCOME ELASTICITY OF DEMAND When the income of a family or a na-tion rises, so does its demand for most goods and services. Income Elasticity of Demand = Percentage change in demand / percentage change in income. The answer choices are lettered A through E. 0 International License. 2 indicates that when income increases by 10%, demand increases by 2% in a reasonable period of time that allows the consumers to adjust that tobacco use behavior. The price elasticity of demand for weekend and evening patrons is -0. DOC Page 1 (of 3) 2a Elasticities 2016-11-24 Questions Microeconomics (with answers) 2a Elasticities 01 Price elasticity of demand 1 If the price rises by 3 %, the quantity demanded falls by 1. Calculate the income elasticity of demand for DVDs, where a 10 percent increase in income results in a 20 percent increase in the quantity of DVDs demanded at a given price. Thus, the demand curve DD shows negative income elasticity of demand. 05%, and viceversa * Income Elasticity of Demand We choose here months 2 and 3, since American's price and United's price remain constant while per capita income changes. When the quantity demanded of a product increases with an increase. B)the units used to measure price and the units used to measure quantity. 5, we know that supply is: Question 2 Refer to the accompanying table. Apr 16,2020 - Average income increases from INR 20,000 p. Ask Question Asked 6 years, 6 months ago. For example the elasticity of demand answers the question of how much does quantity demanded change in response to a price change. Answer: % change in price = (+) 66. Scarcity, Governments, and Economists. This notion. 4 problem #9. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 68 ( The income elasticity of demand for good x is 0. Suppose at a price of $10 the quantity demanded is 100. This content is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4. org are unblocked. fullscreen. Income elasticity of demand is the proportionate change in quantity demanded resulting from proportionate change in income. so you basically need the derivative of Q (at q=30) (with respect to P) multiplied by P/Q (at q=30). In some cases the demand increases, in some cases it decreases and in still other cases it remains the same. 4 problem #9. 5 ln P X + 2 ln P Y - 0. Get help with your Income elasticity of demand homework. Definition: Income elasticity of demand is an economic measurement that shows how consumer demand changes as consumer income levels change. The degree of responsiveness of demand to change in the price of related goods (substitute goods, complementary goods) is known as cross elasticity of demand. The movie theater's goal is to increase total revenue. In this case, when your income gone up, your demand is, the income elasticity of. Compensated demand function is q = f (Uo, p1, p2) where Uo is the utility which is kept constant. demand is a shift to the left of the demand curve. If I = 25 and price is at its equilibrium level, what will the price elasticity of demand be?. Chapter 03. So, for some goods, when your income goes up, you consume less. The price elasticity of demand for this product is approximately: A. If your income increases you might choose to buy more clothes or go to the cinema more often, for example. The estimated coefficient you will get for your income elasticity variable in the complete model will be considered "Income elasticity of demand while holding other X-variables constant". 00 per unit. In the formula, the symbol Q 0 represents the initial demand or quantity purchased that exists when income equals I 0. YED can be calculated using the following equation: % change in quantity demanded % change in income. Answers to the Review Questions from Chapter 5 of Parkin's Microeconomics. Using easier figures than the ones in the question, this means that for a 10% increase in the price. Then, as the elasticity of a function$\varepsilon=\frac{\partial f}{\partial x}\frac{f(x)}{x}$can be expressed in terms of logarithms$\varepsilon=\frac{\partial \ln f}{\partial \ln x}$, in your estimation it would amount to say that, ceteris paribus, the elasticity of. Question: 1) Calculate The Income Elasticity Of Demand For Each Of The Following Goods: Quantity Demanded Quantity Demanded When Income =$10,000 When Income = $20,000 Good 1 10 25 Good 2 4 5 Good 3 3 22) Rank The Following In Order Of Increasing (from Negative To Positive) Cross-price Elasticity Of Demand With Coffee. 5 Income elasticity of demand YED practice questions worksheet edition 2 Student copy and teacher copy with answers. 50,000 and he purchases 100 litre of petrol. To determine whether two goods are substitutes or complements, an economist would estimate the. Get an answer for 'Usefulness of income elasticity of demand to a manager ' and find homework help for other Business questions at eNotes. Post your answers into the table, Figure 1. More specifically the income elasticity of demand is the percentage change in demand due to a percentage change in buyers' income. Questions True/False and Explain Price Elasticity of Demand 11. This lesson worksheet / quiz provides multiple choice, short answer and fill in the blank questions on income elasticity of demand. No, this is a good where demand rises as the price rises. 68 ( The income elasticity of demand for good x is 0. What is the income elasticity of demand and is the good a normal good or an inferior good? Be able to explain your answer. C) are a normal good. fullscreen. Check out a sample Q&A here. The price elasticity of demand for this product is approximately: A. 4: this good is a normal good. B) Maria's demand curve would shift the the left, she is spending less on clothes at any given price. A-level business practice question worksheet for Income elasticity of demand (15 questions) Formulated with Edexcel Business A-level in mind. Goods whose income elasticity of demand is positive are said to be NORMAL GOODS, meaning that demand for them will rise when household income rises. For each coefficient, indicate each type of elasticity: elastic demand, inelastic demand, or unitary demand. Elasticity of Demand The Midterm 1 Practice Exam will be posted on course website (Classes > Exams) on Wednesday evening. 5 at all prices and incomes. It is calculated as a percentage change in quantity demanded divided by the percentage change in income. Governments and Markets. None of these answers. The price elasticity of demand between the prices of$10 and $8 is approximately: Use the following to answer question 17: Exhibit: The Demand for Bungalow Bob's Bagels Price$0. This means that as one's income goes down, the quantity demanded of criminal lawyers would rise. If the price of a good increases by 8% and the quantity demanded decreases by 12%, what is. answer choices. When ca answers to the nearest hundredth g the income elasticity of demand, use the midpoint formula. Multiple Choice Questions1. Thus, the demand curve DD shows negative income elasticity of demand. Income Elasticity of Demand. The income elasticity of demand is positive. Another important value of income elasticity is the reciprocal of proportion of consumer's income spent on a good, that is 1/K x where K x stands for the proportion of consumer's income spent on a good X. It is calculated as the ratio of percentage change in quantity demanded and percentage change in price. (2003), Dalhuisen et al. Income elasticity of demand: = (dQ / dM)*(M/Q) Income elasticity of demand: = (25)*(20/14000) Income elasticity of demand: = 0. Question: 1) Calculate The Income Elasticity Of Demand For Each Of The Following Goods: Quantity Demanded Quantity Demanded When Income = $10,000 When Income =$20,000 Good 1 10 25 Good 2 4 5 Good 3 3 22) Rank The Following In Order Of Increasing (from Negative To Positive) Cross-price Elasticity Of Demand With Coffee. 0357 Thus our income elasticity of demand is 0. Income elasticity of demand for (i) bagels is 1. 5 ln P X + 2 ln P Y - 0. cross elasticity of demand is the percentage change in the quantity demanded of beef divided by the percentage change in the price of chicken. A matching question presents 5 answer choices and 5 items. If the price elasticity of demand for some good is estimated to be 4, then a 1% increase in price will lead to a: 20% increase in quantity demanded. Income elasticity of demand measures how the quantity demanded changes as consumer income changes. In Market there are many Consumers of a Single Commodity. Definition of Inferior Good. 4% increase in quantity demanded. In some cases the demand increases, in some cases it decreases and in still other cases it remains the same. Open full screen. If the elasticity of demand for a commodity is estimated to be 1. Question 3 If the income elasticity of demand for noodles is -2 and the. The price elasticity of demand is: a) the ratio of the percentage change in quantity demanded to the percentage change in price. when there is income inequality people with less income get to buy less goods than they would have wanted this. Income elasticity of demand for food is equal to 1. In this case, the income elasticity of demand is calculated as 12 ÷ 7 or about 1. What is the income elasticity of demand for Good A?. Liberty University ECON 213 quiz 7 complete solutions correct answers key. when there is income inequality people with less income get to buy less goods than they would have wanted this. The responsiveness of the quantity demanded to the change in income is called Income elasticity of. The items are numbered 21. The price of pens today is £1, and the quantity demanded is. Price elasticities of demand are always negative since price and quantity demanded always move in opposite directions (on the demand curve). demand rises more than. (People at any income level must be able to purchase necessities, thus demand for necessities does not rise as fast as an increase in income. to 4 0 kgs. Assume that the income of consumers changes by 10%, and as a result the quantity demanded for Good A changes by 8%. A 10 percent increase in income brings about a 15 percent decrease in the demand for a good. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. For both types of demand functions, there are price elasticities (own price and cross-price). Now his monthly income has risen to Rs. Income elasticity of demand equals the. Suppose at a price of $10 the quantity demanded is 100. It is a measure of responsiveness of quantity demanded to changes in consumers income. Demand is likely to fall, implying a shift left in the demand curve and a negative income elasticity of demand. Question: The Income Elasticity Of Demand For A Good Is 0. Thus, the demand curve DD shows negative income elasticity of demand. Luxury goods and services have an income elasticity of demand > +1 i. question 1: What does income elasticity of demand measure? Question 2: If income elasticity of demand for ibuprofen was 0. Expert Answer. More specifically the income elasticity of demand is the percentage change in demand due to a percentage change in buyers' income. Currently taking CIE revision classes this holiday and was working through Unit 2 and income elasticity of demand. Chapter 04. (a) Distinguish between the concepts of price elasticity of demand, income elasticity of demand and cross elasticity of demand. In other words it would be percent change of quantity demanded when the price changes by one percent. With increase in incomes generally the demand for farm products like rice wheat etc, will not change drastically. How an income elasticity of demand of greater than 1. Comedian George Carlin once mused, "If a painting can be forged well enough to fool. Income elasticity of demand for (i) bagels is 1. You might think of your model very loosely as an "aggregate demand function". Chapter 4: Multiple choice questions. If it makes up a very small proportion then increasing that person's income won't have much of an impact on demand for that good (inelastic). Income elasticity of demand:: It measures how responsive the demand for a quantity based on the change in the income or affordability range of people. Economics: Price elasticity questions Cross elasticity of demand Elasticity Case and Questions: National consumption of chicken Supply and Demand and Elasticity Question question in elasticity of demand Problems using price and income elasticity Price and Income Elasticity calculations Marginal utility, demand curves, elasticity, regression. Demand would tend to be price inelastic. Smith's income causes him to buy 20% more bacon, Smith's income elasticity of demand for bacon is 20%/10% = 2. Principles of Economics, 7th Edition answers to Chapter 5 - Part II - Elasticity and its Application - Questions for Review - Page 108 1 including work step by step written by community members like you. To determine whether two goods are substitutes or complements, an economist would estimate the. Here, we evaluate the effect of the percentage change in the price of other products on the quantity of demand for a particular good. The economic definition of elasticity was first. 33 and (ii) doughnuts is −1. Make sure to pause the video and try to answer the seven. More specifically the income elasticity of demand is the percentage change in demand due to a percentage change in buyers' income. Therefore, the elasticity of demand between these two points is [latex]\frac { 6. Weimer, Robert M. Identify a competitive equilibrium of demand and supply. Income elasticity of demand (IED) shows the relationship between a change in income to the quantity demanded for a certain good or service. 40, and the price elasticity of demand for matinee moviegoers is -2. A simple example will show how income elasticity of demand can be calculated. Everything you need to know about elasticity before your next AP, IB, or College Microeconomics Exam. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. Factors influencing the elasticity: The factors like price, income level and availability of substitutes influence the elasticity. Managerial economics is a specialized discipline of management studies which deals with application of economic theory and techniques to business management. This video shows how to calculate and interpret income elasticity of demand. Get an answer for 'How useful might governments find the concepts of price and income elasticity of demand when setting economic policy?' and find homework help for other Social Sciences questions. Expert Answer. The price elasticity of demand for this product is approximately: A. Inferior Goods Inferior goods have a negative income. Questions and answers Question 1 If the price elasticity of supply is 1. Meaning of Price Elasticity of Demand:. To answer this question, it is useful to break it up into 2 parts. Particular attention is given to the Income Elasticity of Demand and the Cross Price Elasticity of Demand. (People at any income level must be able to purchase necessities, thus demand for necessities does not rise as fast as an increase in income. 63, then you could say that ibuprofen is ______. More specifically the income elasticity of demand is the percentage change in demand due to a percentage change in buyers' income. highly elastic). How an income elasticity of demand of greater than 1. A comprehensive database of elasticity quizzes online, test your knowledge with elasticity quiz questions. Thus, the demand curve DD shows negative income elasticity of demand. 00, quantity demanded is 90; and at a price of £9. Suppose at a price of$10 the quantity demanded is 100. Lizzy has decided that she will always spend one-tenth of her income on shoes. demand rises more than proportionate to a change in income – for example a 8% increase in income might lead to a 10% rise in the demand for new kitchens. B)the difference between one price and another. Types of Income Elasticity of Demand. Practice Questions and Answers from Lesson I -7: Elasticity. For example, if two goods A and B are consumed together i. Supply would tend to be price inelastic 17. Income elasticity. 2 indicates that when income increases by 10%, demand increases by 2% in a reasonable period of time that allows the consumers to adjust that tobacco use behavior. question_answer. Therefore, options a and c are incorrect, since they talk about the responsiveness of a price. If you got one or more of the questions wrong, check the working carefully to make sure that you understand where you went wrong. Write down some other examples of normal goods. 5 ln M + ln A where: P x = $15 P y =$6 M = $40,000, and A =$350. 00, quantity demanded is 90; and at a price of £9. Price elasticity of demand. | 11,861 | 54,886 | {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 1, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 3.65625 | 4 | CC-MAIN-2020-24 | latest | en | 0.940264 |
https://brainmass.com/statistics/hypothesis-testing/hypothesis-testing-8633 | 1,722,909,960,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-33/segments/1722640461318.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20240806001923-20240806031923-00614.warc.gz | 111,489,485 | 7,693 | Purchase Solution
# Hypothesis Testing
Not what you're looking for?
Research by the Illinois Banking Company revealed that only 10 percent of their customers wait more than five minutes to do their banking. Management considers this reasonable and will not add more tellers unless the proportion becomes larger than 10 percent. The branch manager at the Litchfield Branch believes that the wait is longer than the standard at her branch and requested additional part-time tellers. To support her request the branch manager reported that in a sample of 100 customers, 14 waited more than five minutes. AT the 0.01 significance level, is it reasonable to conclude that more that 10 percent of the customers wait more than five minutes?
##### Solution Summary
The solution answers the question(s) below.
##### Solution Preview
Solution. We can set up the null hypothesis H0: p=10% and, the alternative hypothesis H1: p is not equal 10%
Define Xi as follows: Xi=1 if the ith customer waited more than 5 minutes, otherwise, Xi=0. i=1,2,...100. We assume ...
Solution provided by:
###### Education
• BSc , Wuhan Univ. China
• MA, Shandong Univ.
###### Recent Feedback
• "Your solution, looks excellent. I recognize things from previous chapters. I have seen the standard deviation formula you used to get 5.154. I do understand the Central Limit Theorem needs the sample size (n) to be greater than 30, we have 100. I do understand the sample mean(s) of the population will follow a normal distribution, and that CLT states the sample mean of population is the population (mean), we have 143.74. But when and WHY do we use the standard deviation formula where you got 5.154. WHEN & Why use standard deviation of the sample mean. I don't understand, why don't we simply use the "100" I understand that standard deviation is the square root of variance. I do understand that the variance is the square of the differences of each sample data value minus the mean. But somehow, why not use 100, why use standard deviation of sample mean? Please help explain."
• "excellent work"
• "Thank you so much for all of your help!!! I will be posting another assignment. Please let me know (once posted), if the credits I'm offering is enough or you ! Thanks again!"
• "Thank you"
• "Thank you very much for your valuable time and assistance!"
##### Terms and Definitions for Statistics
This quiz covers basic terms and definitions of statistics.
##### Measures of Central Tendency
This quiz evaluates the students understanding of the measures of central tendency seen in statistics. This quiz is specifically designed to incorporate the measures of central tendency as they relate to psychological research.
##### Measures of Central Tendency
Tests knowledge of the three main measures of central tendency, including some simple calculation questions. | 604 | 2,848 | {"found_math": false, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 3.8125 | 4 | CC-MAIN-2024-33 | latest | en | 0.923068 |
https://www.studypool.com/discuss/556231/find-the-volume-of-the-figure-below-1?free | 1,495,655,535,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-22/segments/1495463607860.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20170524192431-20170524212431-00154.warc.gz | 957,999,677 | 13,972 | ##### Find the volume of the figure below
Mathematics Tutor: None Selected Time limit: 1 Day
May 22nd, 2015
The shape is called a prism. Prism's volumes are found by finding the area of any of the bases and multiplying that by the length of the remaining direction. In this case, let's let the base be the side facing us: 6 x 6 = 36
Then the other side (to the right) is 5 units long. So 36 x 5 = 180 square units.
Hope this helps.
May 22nd, 2015
...
May 22nd, 2015
...
May 22nd, 2015
May 24th, 2017
check_circle | 165 | 523 | {"found_math": false, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 3.75 | 4 | CC-MAIN-2017-22 | longest | en | 0.93615 |
https://web2.0calc.com/questions/help-i-have-to-redo-this | 1,591,235,242,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-24/segments/1590347436828.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20200604001115-20200604031115-00505.warc.gz | 596,491,837 | 5,989 | +0
# help i have to redo this.
+1
194
1
+5
help i have to redo this.
14/14*14+14-14/15/15*15+15-15= redo
10^9*(16*3)= redo
Feb 26, 2019
#1
+111329
+1
(14/14*14) +14 - (14/15/15*15) +15-15 =
(1)*14 + 14 - ( 14* 15 / 225) + 0
14 + 14 - (14 /15) =
28 - 14/15 =
[ 420 - 14] / 15 =
406 / 15
10^9*(16*3) =
10^9 * (48) =
48,000,000,000
Feb 26, 2019 | 199 | 366 | {"found_math": false, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 3.609375 | 4 | CC-MAIN-2020-24 | latest | en | 0.439959 |
https://www.jiskha.com/archives/2010/05/11 | 1,571,576,633,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-43/segments/1570986707990.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20191020105426-20191020132926-00065.warc.gz | 941,315,513 | 28,919 | # Questions Asked onMay 11, 2010
1. ## Chemistry
Calculate E, E^o and (delta)G^o for the following cell reaction: Mg(s) + Sn2+(aq) (yields) Mg2+(aq) + Sn(s) [Mg2+] = 0.045 M, [Sn2+] = 0.035 M
2. ## Chemistry
Given that E^o = 0.52 V for the reduction of Cu+(aq) + e - (yields) Cu(s) Calculate E^o, (delta)G^o and K for the following reaction at 25°C. 2Cu2+(aq) (yields) Cu2+(aq) + Cu(s)
3. ## CHEMISTRY
A mixture contains 5.00 g each of O2, N2, CO2, and Ne gas. Calculate the volume of this mixture at STP. Calculate the partial pressure of each gas in the mixture at STP.
4. ## physics
Tarzan, mass 85 kg, swings down on the end of a 28 m vine from a tree limb 4.4 m above the ground. How fast is Tarzan moving when he reaches the ground?
5. ## physics
when you connect an unknown resistor across the terminals of a 1.50 V AAA battery having a negligible internal resistance, you measure a current of 18.0 mA flowing through it .A)what is the resistance of the resistor. B) if you now place the resistor
6. ## Chemistry
If 8.00 g of ammonuim nitrate is dissolved in 1000 ml of water for use as a plant fertilizer, the water decreases in temperature form 21.00C to 20.39 C. Determine the molar heat of solution of ammonium nitrate
7. ## chemistry
6) How many grams of copper (II) fluoride, CuF2, are needed to make 6.7 liters of a 1.2 M solution?
If you multiply me by 2, I become a number greater than 20 and less than 40. If you multiply me by 6, I end in 8 Multiply me by 4, I end in 2
9. ## Geometry
How many lines of symmetry does the letter "X" have and how mnay lines of symmetry does a twelve sided cross figure have?
10. ## chemistry
calculate the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in the sample of scandium that you weighed at 7.9 mass weight if it is 100% ^45Sc.
11. ## physics
Transverse waves with a speed of 50.0 m/s are to be produced on a stretched string. A 5.00m length of string with a total of 60 grams is used. a) what is the required tension in the string? b) calculate the wave speed in the string if the tension is 8.00n.
12. ## science
what is the reaction between hexane & iodine?
1. Aaron Nance is a freshman in college who has not yet decided on his major. He is thinking about majoring in operations management and is concerned about job opportunities in this field. Which of the following statements about jobs for operations
14. ## Electronic Instrumentation
Calculate the force in Newtons that exists between a positive charge of 2C and a negative charge of 5.2 X 10^19 electrons separated by a distance of 25 cm.
15. ## SCIENCE 1
Which of the following is a true statement about chemical equilibria in general A.there is only one set of equilibrium concentrations that equal the Kc value B.eqauilibrium is the result of cessation of all chemical change C.at equilibrium the rate of the
16. ## Math
Kent invested \$5,000 in a retirement plan.He allocated X dollars of the money to a bond account that earns 4% interest per year and the rest to a traditional account that earn 5% interest per year. 1.Write an expression that represents the amount of money
17. ## english
Romeo and Juliet are dynamic characters, characters who change during the course of the play. Describe how the lovers have changed in this act. What hard lessons have they learned about love?
18. ## Grammar
Aaron plans to attend college once he completes this course workbook. The verb in this phrase would be "attend" becuase is the action he is gong to do right??
19. ## Chemistry
Dr Bob Can you please confirm for me that only NH3 has a boiling point that does not fit the general trend from these choices NH3 PH3 SbH3 AsH3 many thanks andy I am picking NH3 because of the reason that the larger the compound the greater the boiling
20. ## CHEMISTRY
although helium atoms do not combine to form He2 molecules is it fair to say that London dispersion forces (induced dipole forces)are what attract He atoms weakly to one another? The other choices are dipole-induced dipole forces Hydrogen bonding
21. ## physics
A 64.9 kg skier coasts up a snow-covered hill that makes an angle of 25.4° with the horizontal. The initial speed of the skier is 8.67 m/s. After coasting a distance of 1.92 m up the slope, the speed of the skier is 4.33 m/s. Calculate the work done by
22. ## chemistry
what type of intermolecular force describes the interaction between Ca2+ and Mg2+ with water? a. dipole-dipole b. hydrogen bonding c. ion-dipole d. London dispersion
23. ## southwest asia
which of the following is necessary for large-scale farming to take place in southwest asia? a. use of fossil waters b. dams and irrigation systems c. desalinization and water treatment processes d. water from and oasis
24. ## SCIENCE 1
The van der waals equation incorporates corrections to the ideal gas in order to account for the properties of real gases one of the correcctions accounts for A.attractions between molecules B.the quantum behavior of molecules C.that average kinetic energy
25. ## chemistry
One end of an open-ended manometer is connected to a canister of unknown gas. The atmospheric pressure is 1.03 atm. The mercury level is 18.6 mm higher in the U-Tube on the side open to the atmosphere than on the side attached to the canister. What is the
26. ## science
Which of the following has a boiling point which does not fit the general trend. NH3 PH3 SbH3 AsH3 I am going with NH3 as i think its to do with "the larger the compound the greater the boiling point"(Vander waals forces) Am I correct?
27. ## psy
just want to know if i am in the right direction make example sentence for praticing generalization, discrimination, extinctiom, spontaneous recovery, positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, punishment generalization 1.John was frightened by a
28. ## language
When you are interviewed, be relaxed and friendly. Write a thank-you note to the potential employer when the interview is over. The most effictive combination of sentences 10 and 11 would include which of the following groups of words? a)friendly;but write
29. ## Physics 203
A supersonic plane flies directly over you at 1.8 times the sound speed. You hear its sonic boom 20s later. What is the plane's altitude, assuming a constant 340 sound speed?
30. ## CHEMISTRY
a gas mixtuer consists of equal masses of methane(molecular weight 16.0) and argon (atomic weight 40.0) if the partial pressure of argon is 26.6 kPa, what is that of methane in the same units? 10.7 26.7 66.7 34.1 I am going with 26.7 Do you agree and why
31. ## Intermediate Accounting
A note receivable Mild Max Cycles discounted with recourse was dishonored on its maturity date. Mild Max would debit: A. A loss on dishonored receivable. B. A receivable. C. Dishonored note expense. D. Interest expense.
32. ## CHEMISTRY
A mixture contains 5.00 g each of O2, N2, CO2, and Ne gas. Calculate the volume of this mixture at STP. Calculate the partial pressure of each gas in the mixture at STP. How do you calculate the mole fraction of each gas?
A boat heads 15 degrees west of north with a water speed of 3m/s. Determine its velocity relative to the ground when there is a 2m/s current from 40 degrees east of north. How long does it take to cross the river which is 800 m wide? Where does the boat
34. ## Grammar
Two men went on a fishing trip on the gulf lo Mexico and caught 25 fish. The verbs in this phrase are "went" and "caught" right because it shows the action of what they did??
35. ## chemistry
how many grams of ammonium sulfate are needed to make a .25 M solution at a concentration of 6M?
36. ## stats
since the stock market began in 1872, stock prices have risen in about 73% of the years. Assuming that market performance is independent from year to year, what's the probability that a) the market will rise 3 consecutive years? b) the market will rise 3
37. ## social studies
in its signed petition to the king, which rights did the First Continental Congress claim colonists had?
38. ## SCIENCE 1
for following reaction at equilibrium if we increase the reaction temperature the equilibrium will 2SO3(g)2SO2(g)+O2(g)(deltaH degrees=198kJ) A. not shift B.the question can not be answered because Keq is not given C.shift to the right D. shift to the left
39. ## calculus
a circle of radius 1 rolls around the outside of a circle of radius 2 without slipping. the curve traced by a point on the circumfarence of the smaller circle is callled an epicycloid. use the angle theta to find a set of parametric equations for this
what kinds of energy take place when you turn a light switch on?
41. ## Physics
The speed of sound in water is 1498 m/s. A sonar signal is sent straight down from a ship at a point just below the water surface, and 1.65 s later, the reflected signal is detected. How deep is the water?
42. ## chemistry
what type of intermolecular force describes the interaction between Ca2+ and Mg2+ with water?
43. ## Grammar
Tony liked that car at the dealership. The verb in this phrase would be "at" right because it shows the action of where he likes the car??
44. ## english
When you are told time after time that there are no (jobs. And it) is time for some creative thinking and acting. What is the best why to write ( jobs. And it) 1)jobs. And it 2)jobs, or it 3)jobs, it 4)jobs, if it 5)jobs, and it
45. ## english
When you are in school, almost any Subject seems a potential area for a good job. what correction should be made in this sentence? 1)replace you are with one is 2)remove the comma after school 3)change Subject to subject 4)insert a comma after area 5)no
46. ## Grammar
The united states of america is located in north america. Is the verb in this sentence just "is" or is "located" a verb to??
47. ## chemistry
How much concentrated 12 M hydrochloric acid is needed to prepare 100.0 mL of a 2.0 M solution?
asked by {RayRay} NEED HELP PLZ
48. ## HAMLET
Whats this mean? And liegemen to the Dane.
49. ## chemistry
how much energy would be needed to warm 7.40 g of water by 55 degrees celcius
50. ## physics
Okay we have this problem: 50 kg mass traveling at 10 m/s strikes a 100kg mass at rest find the final velocity each....if... 1. it is elastic 2. if it isnt elastic i know for an elastic something has to be 100% like 100% of momentum is conserved. I don't
51. ## physics
A 0.620 kg basketball is dropped out of a window that is 6.40 m above the ground. The ball is caught by a person whose hands are 1.61 m above the ground. How much work is done on the ball by its weight?
52. ## Science
Are there differences between plant and animal cell division?
53. ## physics
Forces of 20 N at 80 degrees, and 50 N at an angle of 210 degrees, measured counter-clockwise from the positive x-axis, act on an object. What are the components (Fx, Fy) of the resultant force (in Newtons)?
54. ## science/chemistry
Dr Bob Although helium atoms do not combine to form He2 molecules. is it true to say that He atoms are weakly attracted to one another from London dispersion forces (induced dipole forces) or is there another force at play? It cant be Hydrogen
55. ## algebra
students in a biology class just took a final exam. a formula for predicting the average exam grade on a similar test t months later is. s(t)=78-15log(t+1) (a)find the students average score when they first took the final exam. (b)what would be the
56. ## finance
Dixon Corporation is considering a public offering of common stock. The firm will offer one million shares of common stock for sale. The estimated selling price is \$30 per share with Dixon Corp. receiving \$26.25 per share after the offering. Registration
57. ## physics
a piece of wire has a resistance of R , it is cut into three pieces of equal length,and the pieces are twisted together parallel to each other. what is the resistance of the resulting wire in terms of R
58. ## reimbursement methodologies
Could someone please check my answers for me..Thanks 1. Mary needs Medicaid coverage. Where should she start looking for information to determine her eligibility? A. The local hospital social services department B. Her employer C. The federal government
On a Corporation's balance sheet, a large tract of company-owned land is reported at its original cost of \$50,000. The owner of the company is upset, because he thinks the land's true value is ten times that amount. He fears the low-cost figure may hurt
60. ## english
No adequate dictionary of the entire English language exists untill the middle of the eighteenth century. what correction should be made? 1)change the spelling of adequate to adequate 2)chnage exists to existed 3)insert a comma after exists 4)replace
61. ## Chem
Compare and contrast the rate at which a sugar cube in cold water and granulated sugar in warm water would dissolve. Include how surface area and the temperature of the water might affect the rate at which each dissolves. Create a statement about which
62. ## education
Creating a Plan for a Culturally Diverse (Resources: Appendix A and all reading assignments for the course) -Consider that each person in the education profession should continually add items to his or her professional portfolio to represent his or her
63. ## CHEMISTRY
I am confused about this statement about water Which of the following is TRUE regarding water only covalent bonds are broken when ice melts (dont think so) all of the staements (A-D) are false energy must be given off in order to break down the crystal
64. ## Chemistry
What property of the following reaction might be qualitatively measured to follow the rate of reaction? A) C(s) + H20(g) > H2(g) + CO(g) B) Cu(s) + 2Ag+(aq) > Cu2+(aq) + 2Ag(s)
65. ## Econ
In the hope of high returns, venture capitalists provide funds to finance new (start up) companies. However, potential competitors and structures of the market into which the new firm enters are extremely important in realization of profits. Among
66. ## language
First, you should study the openings posted in the local newspapers-subscribe to all of them if possible, or read it at the public library. what correction should be made? a)replace you with one b)replace you with they c)insert a comma after openings
67. ## English
Hamlet Whats this line mean? Nay, answer me: stand, and unfold yourself.
68. ## language
Lets say that two drivers are involved in an auto accident, and one is injured. what correction should be made? 1)chnage Lets to Let's 2)insert a comma after say 3)remove the comma after accident 4)change is to was 5)no correction im going to say 1
69. ## Physics for understanding
Okay we have this problem: 50 kg mass traveling at 10 m/s strikes a 100kg mass at rest find the final velocity each....if... 1. it is elastic 2. if it isnt elastic i know for an elastic something has to be 100% like 100% of momentum is conserved. I don't
70. ## math
35 divided by [9 plus (9-7) minus 4] plus 10 times 3..can someone please explain how to do this problem math - Evan, Tuesday, May 11, 2010 at 8:37pm think of "Please Excuse My Dear Aunt Sally" P is for paranthesis first E is for exponents M and D are for
71. ## chemistry
which color of the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum has the highest energy? a. red b. blue c. green d. violett
72. ## language
Familiarize oneself with the types of jobs most often available, with the various employment offices, and with the skills most in demand. what correction should be made? a)change Familiarize to Familiarized b)replace oneself with yourself c)insert a comma
73. ## geometry
a cylinder has a volume of 19cm cubed, if the radius is doubled what is the volume of the new cylinder
74. ## Math
A cone has a diameter of 12 feet and a slant height of 20 feet, if you triple both dimensions will it triple the surface area?? PLEASE ANSWER QUICKLY!!!
75. ## Chemistry
Explain the effect each of the following has on the rate of a reaction. reactivity of reactants inhibitors
76. ## chemistry
0.10 mol of molecule A is added to 1.0 mol pf molecule B.The initial volume of B was 1.1L and the final volume of the solution is 1.039L. Assuming that the partial molar volume of B is exactly 50% greater than that of A, find the partial molar volumes of
77. ## math
What is the mean mediam and mode for 64,75,62,90,81,52,80,99,100,65,75,61,0,106,72,70,80,92,90,102
78. ## philosophy
What fallacies, if any, are present in the following passage? Can you please give reasons for your answer, that is, if you say that a fallacy has been committed, then show where the fallacy occurred, and explain why you think it is a fallacy? Background:
79. ## 9
In an closed vessel 300 torr of argon gas is filled and the vessel heated to 925 degree celcius from room temperature. What will be the pressure at 925 degree celcius .
80. ## geometry
What is the sum of the interior and the exterior angles of a 100-gon? Would the interior be (100-2)180 = 98*180=17640 degrees. is the exterior figured out 360/100= 3.6 degrees.
81. ## physics
is the acceleration of a child sitting near the center of a merry go round larger than the acceleration of a child sitting near the edge of the same merry go round?
82. ## math
35 divided by [9 plus (9-7) minus 4] plus 10 times 3..can someone please explain how to do this problem math - Evan, Tuesday, May 11, 2010 at 8:37pm think of "Please Excuse My Dear Aunt Sally" P is for paranthesis first E is for exponents M and D are for
83. ## Economics
In the hope of high returns, venture capitalists provide funds to finance new (start up) companies. However, potential competitors and structures of the market into which the new firm enters are extremely important in realization of profits. Among
84. ## chemistry
Dr bob can you help with my last question for tonights home work please A gas mixture consists of equal parts of methane(molecular weight 16.0) and argon (atomic weight40.0). if the partial pressure of argon is 26.6 kPa what is that of methane in the same
85. ## language
A number of States have adopted no-fault auto insurance, but what is it exactly? what correction should be made? 1)chnage States to states 2)change have to has 3)change have adopted to adopted 4)remove the comma after insurance 5)change what to which i
86. ## English - Macbeth
In Act 3, scene 3, Macbeth sends a third murderer to help the other two murder Banquo and his son. Does the third murderer know as much about Banquo as Macbeth says he does? From what I see, it seems as if it could go either way. For example, this part:
Explain why the cost structure associated with many kinds of information goods and services might imply a market supplied by a small number of large firms. (At the same time, some Internet businesses such as grocery home deliveries have continually
88. ## physics
Suppose the smallest division on the scale of the timing device is t, the reaction time of a normal person os t', which one should be used for estimating the incertainty on the measurement of period T after a single timing activity? Explain briefly.
89. ## physics
a 500.0 ohm resistor is connected in a series with a capacitor.what must be the capacitance of the capacitor to produce a time constant of 2.00 s
90. ## Math
Marx clothing store is selling a lot of items. On monday 495 items were sold. on tuesday 450 items were sold. on friday 593 items were sold. Marx's misplace the totals for wed and thurs but the average over the five days was 494 items per day. What could
91. ## algebra
Formula given: H=7+70t-16tsquared. Ball kicked straight up from a height of 7 feet. Ball travels 70 feet per second. How high is the ball after 3 seconds (t)?
92. ## SCIENCE 1
the van der waals equation incorperates coreections for the ideal gas law in order to account for the properties of real gases. one of the corrections accounts for A.the average kinetic energy being inversely proportional to temperature B. the possibility
93. ## Social Studies
Although most of South America lies within the tropical latitudes,
94. ## math
Suppose that the width of a rectangle is 5 inches shorter than the length and that the perimeter of the rectangle is 50 inches. The formula for the perimeter of a rectangle is P=2L+2W. a) Set up an equation for the perimeter involving only L, the length of
95. ## physics
a 40.0 ohm resistor and a 90.0 ohm resistor are connected in parallel, and the combination is connected across a 120 V dc line. A)what is the resistance of the parallel combination. B)what is the total current through the parallel combination. C)what is
96. ## Chemistry
A steel container of oxygen has a volume of 20.0 L at 22 C @35 atm. What is the volume @ STP? How many mol of oxygen are in the container?
97. ## math
what is the unit rate for 250 miles in 5 hours
98. ## Math
67/100 simplified
99. ## LAL!
Noun Clauses 1. is this noun clause used as a predicate noun? - Kendra is asking WHY you are acting that way. 2. is this noun clause used as direct object? - Do you know WHO is in charge of counting votes? thank you
100. ## chem
Hi..Can you balance these 4 chemical reactions for me please: 1) Cu + 2Ag NO3 2) Zn + Al(NO3)3 3) Cu + ZnSO4 4) Ca + 2HCI Also will a chemical reaction occur in any of these? Thanks so much Stacey
101. ## accounting
how can financial managers budget for unforseen events that require large capital outlays?
102. ## language
Opponents of no-fault disapprove of limiting a person's right to sue and collect damages. 1)disapprove of limiting 2)disapproves of limiting 3)disapproved of limiting 4)are disapproving of limiting 5)disapprove of having limited 1
103. ## Chemistry--titrations
What characteristic of phenolphthalein makes it appropriate to use in a HCl/NaOH titration? and is it possible to do a titration without it, and without using another indicator? Why? I really don't get all this because i was gone for the lesson.....
104. ## chemistry
the reaction between CV+ and -OH, is CV+ lewis acid and OH lewis base
105. ## math
In a test, the average was 74 points/100 points. After the test, three of students relocate. Then the average was 75 points/100. The circumstances of the students were 6:5:3. How many points did the three students have? I know the answere is 45, 75 and 90,
106. ## physics
Is there any investigations of forced oscillations of the spring-mass system?
107. ## chemistry
Calculate the mass of CO2 dissolved in 2.480L of water at 350.7torr if henry's law constant is 0.03100
108. ## Chemistry!!
A steel container of oxygen has a volume of 20.0 L at 22 C @35 atm. What is the volume @ STP? How many mol of oxygen are in the container?
this is for a crossword puzzle,a visitor to a new place,one on a tour?
110. ## Finance
I am very lost with this assignment can someone please help me. I just need one sample thank you. The Lanford Corporation had 2008 sales of \$110 million. The other pertinent financial data for 2008 is as follows: 2008 Sales \$110,000,000 Dividend Payout
111. ## algebra
Graph: y = x - 6
112. ## physics
is the acceleration of a child sitting near the center of a merry go round larger than the acceleration of a child sitting near the edge of the same merry go round?
113. ## Chemistry
What property of the following reaction might be qualitatively measured to follow the rate of reaction? A) C(s) + H20(g) > H2(g) + CO(g) B) Cu(s) + 2Ag+(aq) > Cu2+(aq) + 2Ag(s)
114. ## maths
which of the following statements is incorrect? 1 microlitre=10^-6 litres 1 megagram=10^6 grams 1 millimetre=10^3 metres 1 kilogram=10^3 grams 100 centimetres=1 metre thanks andy
115. ## english
Can some one help me understand what im supposed to be looking for with this question. Not sure what is being asked. o Identify at least three different learning styles and develop a strategy for effective communication and collaboration amongst your
116. ## algebra
3 wk trip with a budget of \$600 for rental car. Rental rates are \$135/week plus \$0.17/km. write a formula to show the number of kilometers the family can travel and how many kilometers can they travel based of formula
117. ## Accounting
Are "trading assets" and "deferred tax assets" considered quick assets? Thanks.
118. ## Critical thinking
I need help understanding inductive and deductive arguments and stated and unstated premises. Thank you
120. ## LAL!
is this sentence a noun clause ? i am sitting in the beach where the sun is shining. if not how should i make it a noun clause using (where the sun is shining)
122. ## philosophy
waht role does justice play in post colonial philosophy?
123. ## geometry
How do you find the area of a trapezoid and a kite?
124. ## math
In a test, the average was 74 points/100 points. After the test, three of students relocate. Then the average was 75 points/100. The circumstances of the students were 6:5:3. How many points did the three students have? I know the answere is 45, 75 and 90,
125. ## chemistry
which one of the following is a direct result of "hard water"? a. formation of a bathtub ring b. discoloration of clothers c. water spots on dishes d. maeks your skin feel slipper to the touch. I think its A but just wanted to double check.
126. ## accounting
Think back over what you have studied and learned in this course. Do you have a new perception of or appreciation for the field of accounting and how it contributes to business? Explain
127. ## Phsycis 203
You're standing by the roadside as a truck approaches, and you measure the dominant frequency in the truck noise at 1105Hz . As the truck passes, the frequency drops to 885Hz. What is the truck's speed?
128. ## math
1)In the figure, the vertices of right-angled isosceles triangle ABC are A, B(2,0) and C(8,0) respectively. find the equations of AB and AC 2)If the x-intercept and y-intercept of the straight line L: B(y-2) =Ax+8 are -8 and 3 respectively, find a)the
129. ## math
is y=a a linar or nonlinar function?
130. ## Geometry equation
I do not understand how to work a problem or equation out for geometry. The equation refers to two parrellel lines that have a transversal line running diagonal through each one. The exterior anglebottom left part of the top parrellel line, measures at 52
131. ## Environmental Science
Are there any good websites on coral reefs ? I'm working on my research paper, and this is what I have so far. Coral reefs, also called the rain forests of the oceans, are the second richest ecosystem on Earth. They have this nickname because of the
132. ## math
35 divided by [9 plus (9-7) minus 4] plus 10 times 3..can someone please explain how to do this problem
133. ## physics
Starting from rest, a ball of mass 5 kg experiences a constant force of 40 N for 12 s. What is the final kinetic energy (in J) of the ball after 12 s?
134. ## biology
how are sperm formation and egg formation similar?
135. ## biology
what is the equation for liver enzymes and hydrogen peroxide?
136. ## Math
Find each products. -2/3n^2(-9n^2+3n+6) Thanks
137. ## Quality Management and Productivity
(Effects of Quality Management on Domestic and Global Competition Paper) - Write a 700-word paper in which you compare and contrast quality management at two organizations in the same industry. - One organization must compete in the domestic market and one
138. ## Math
Can someone please condense this expression. I do not know how. 1/2ln(x^2+1)-4ln1/2-1/2[ln(x-4)+lnx]
139. ## human anatomy
one day, at the high jump mat, Lucy,a 4'4 jumper, asks Georgina, a 5' jumper."When running here,breathing doesn't really count right? I mean we're only going less than 50 meters. What difference does it make if we hold our breath?" Georgina sighs and
140. ## Algebra 1
how to slove this question (a-8)(a-9)
141. ## algebra
The countries "Drømmeland", "Erkerivalia" and "Fantasia" had a competition. Please tell me how maney gold medals the won each with these sentences. 1. They won 17 medals in all 2 "Erkerivalia" won three times more medals than "Fantasia" 3. If
142. ## Social Studies
I'm doing a Medieval ABC book, and I need to draw an illustration for each word. How can I illustrate "zeal"? Also I hope I picked the correct school subject..?
143. ## Geometry
how do you find the area of the lateral face of a regular pyrimid?
144. ## crt
what type of fallacies is Letter to the editor: “Andrea Keene’s selective morality is once again showing through in her July 15 letter. This time she expresses her abhorrence of abortion. But how we see only what we choose to see! I wonder if any of
145. ## Finance
Macho Tool Company is going public at \$50 net per share to the company. There also are founding stockholders that are selling part of their shares at the same price. Prior to the offering, the firm had \$48 million in earnings divided over 12 million
146. ## Science
I need an idea of a simple machine that has the following: -needs to include atleast one of the 6 simple
147. ## chemistry
in any experiment does water in a beaker absorb or release energy in the form of heat?
Carol uses the same ratio table to solve the problems below. Do you agree or disagree? 8 cows/2 pigs = c cows/10 pigs 2 pigs/8 cows = 10 pigs/c cows
149. ## us history
what was life like after the war of Iraq in the year of 1800?
150. ## biology
can someone explain in simpler term what a nonvascular plant is? please and thank you (:
151. ## math
What is 348 in base 6?How do I calculatethis?
152. ## history
What are the major differences between Theravadin and Mahayana Buddhism? In your opinion, what type of person might be attracted to each type and why?
153. ## biology
which group of seed producers are the largest, most massive and oldest in the world? angiosperms or gymnosperms?
154. ## Math
How would I calculate the perimeter of a hexagon (which can be divided into 6 congruent equilateral triangles) which is inside a circle with an area of 314^2 cm? Many thanks
155. ## math
i need help with my homework
156. ## algebra
1.Vicki budgeted \$70 to buy a new winter coat. Does she have enough money to buy a coat regularly priced at \$89 that is now marked down 30%? Use the sales tax at 7% to determine the final cost of the coat. 2.Joe asked his boss to advance him part of his
157. ## Physics
You are creating transverse waves in a rope by shaking your hand from side to side. Without changing the distance your hand moves, you begin to shake it faster and faster. What happens to the amplitude of the wave?
158. ## MATH!!!!
Can you reduce 100 percent when it is in fraction form? if so please give me the answer. Thank You!
159. ## math
spacial area.I don't get it!!!!
160. ## Math
I have to write an example of an algebraic expression and an equation in word problem form can anyone help me with this? I am unsure where to even begin.....
161. ## biology
what is the equation for liver enzymes and hydrogen peroxide?
162. ## math
jake put \$ 600 in the bank for 4 years at 2.5% interest a) how much interest will he earn after three years b) what is the total amount in his bank account at the end of three years
163. ## Geometry-
Which point(s) of concurrency in a triangle is (are)never outside the triangle? Is the orthocenter the only concurrency point that stays inside a triangle?
164. ## statistic
You draw a random sample of 300 employee records from the personnel file and find that the average years of service per employee is 6.3, with a standard deviation of 3.0 years. a. What percentage of the workers would you expect to have more than 9.3 years
165. ## math
you must do ahomework in math,history, science and georaphy in how many diffrent or derscan you do yor homework?
166. ## Algebra 2.
12(2)^x+3+6=42 (X+3 is raised to the power of 2 only)
167. ## chemistry
when is a chemical bond broken
168. ## Fracture Math word
3/8 of kilogram is something wooden.----- 4/5 of space is a step. -----
169. ## science
Should humans strive to preserve a representative sample of all biomes or aquatic zones?
170. ## Biology
Can somebody find the pollinators for the following plants please, i am in way over my head and cant even find a website for one. if you don't want to help it is understandable but can you please contact me at (mw2.genius@gmail) with a suggestion for a
what are the seven nomes?
172. ## HCA 210
How has the payment of health care providers evolved over time? What caused these changes?
173. ## CHEMISTRY
do you agree that HCL is the beast choice for a substance that has both dipersion forces and dipole-dipole forces ? The choices I have are : Br2 HCl H2 CO2 BCl3 HCL is the most sensible answer. Do you reckon so too? thanks andy
174. ## algebra
what is 7-4 as subtracting inetgers please show me how you got it
how do I solve 3/4 +1/2= 1 1/y y=?
176. ## Philosophy1
Locke says, "nor is it at all material to say that this same and this distinct consciousness, in the cases above mentioned, is owing to the same and distinct material substances or no" Locke was talking about consciousness defining who we are. I would
What are 3 principles that are important to follow when managing change in a business?
178. ## arithmetic
For a given arithmetic sequence, the 90th term, is equal to -230 , and the 8th term, is equal to 16 . Find the value of the 31st term .
What is the pattern for the following input and output sequence? x 24 8 4 3 36 a 3 9 18 24 2 How do you figure out the algebraic equation?
180. ## science
List three uses of copper that illustrate three properties of metals.
181. ## science
How do atoms with different atomic numbers differ from each other?
182. ## Philosophy1
Locke says, “Make these intervals of memory and forgetfulness to take their turns regularly by day and by night, and you have two persons with the same immaterial spirit, as much as in the former instance two persons with the same body.” I am having
183. ## math
how long do guys take answer questions
184. ## Pre-Algebra
I need work the answer is 5 but i keep getting 4.5 if anyone can help me on the rest i got a page of work! 2y=20-4x*0
185. ## Math
solve the system of linear equations using the addition method. Can you please show me the steps on how you reached the answer. Thank You 2x+20y= -144 12x+5y= 56
186. ## chem
Oh Dr.BOB...I am so lost..and sooo frustrated. Can you explain to me how to balance a chemical equation one more time please. Thanks Stacey
187. ## LAL!
noun clasues 1. is this clause an object of a preposition -this mail goes in WHICHEVER box is marked "smith" 2. is this clause a direct object -the dogs know WHERE the cat often hides.
188. ## SCIENCE 1
Does a snails shell grow at the same rate as the snail?? HOW???
189. ## Science
What are 3 examples of forces in nature which cause Physical or Mechanical Weathering
190. ## math
what would be the 6th term, 1,2/3,4/9,8/27,16/81
191. ## math
what is the answer for (h+3)(h+4)
192. ## English
Hi there, I am doing a presentation comparing women in Hamlet times to women today. But i need help finding a cartoon representing women from Hamlet's time. Please direct me to links for this.
193. ## history
What do Disraeli and William Gladstone have in common? What do they not have in common?
194. ## Math
The answer is 5/8 the digits are 1,1,2, and 8.I can't figure out how to find the answer.
195. ## Alegebra
x^-5xs-24s^ I am having trouble w*orking this problem could someone help me.
196. ## Math
Mr. Evans, Mrs Brooks and Mr. Soto are carpentersfrom Durham. They made 34 chairs all. Mr. Evans made 4 chairs than Mrs. Brooks. Mrs. Brooks and Mr. Soto made the same numbers of chairs. How many chairs did Mr. Evans make? a) 14 chairs b) 10 chairs c) 9
197. ## Grammar
James spent most of his time with his spouse at the botanic gardens. Is the verb in this phrase just "his" or are there more
198. ## social studies
what 2 counties where influiential politicals have lived or currently living? i am thinking madison and orange counties
199. ## Marine Science
Approximately how many Southern Sea Otters are there now?
200. ## Algebra
(2*x)(4*y)=192
201. ## arithmetic
what is the sales tax on a \$48 purchase if the tax rate is 6.5%
202. ## science
What actually happens if we mix the chloroform with hexane? what is the exact reaction between them & is the resulting product ia stable?
203. ## trig
Please graph the following function: y = tan (2(theta) + (pi)) + 1
204. ## math
Find the Magnitude and direction of the resultant force. three forces with magnitude of 50,20, and 40 points acting on an object at angle 60 degres, 30 degrees, and -90degrees,k respectevly with the positive x-axis.
205. ## world history
where did this quote come from? "The Americans began the revolution against England because they were such good Englishmen"
206. ## World History
How did the motives and administration of colonies during this period of “new imperialism” differ from the previous time period?
207. ## racial.ethnics
What does the future hold for Hispanic-Latino panethicity? I assume we will all continue to mix with each other, but will there be anything else?
208. ## philosophy
what is the immaterial spirit?
209. ## Health
How has the payment of health care providers evolved over time? What caused these changes
210. ## math
What is 348 in base 6? How do I calculate this?
211. ## History
I need to know if there is a site that lists federal presidential campaign financing laws, legal & illegal. All I can find is sites that have box diagrams. Thanks
there are 20 pages in jamals book he read 1/5 of the book how many pages did he read
213. ## math
how do you simplify 15/56?
214. ## LAL!
can u please give me a sentence for this phrase as a noun clause? what the score was
215. ## science
which of the following has both dispersion forces and dipole-dipole forces? Br2 HCl H2 CO2 BCl3 I reckon its HCl can anyone confirm please
216. ## Biology Research Paper
Please help! I've been working on this since forever... So, I've got a conclusion and everything for my research paper, I just have to make it longer. I have 3 pages, but not 3 full pages, so what more information can I add to make it longer? Any links
217. ## Fracture Math word
3/5 of digit is something you do with a shovel.
218. ## Fracture Math words
3/5 of money is a unit. --------- 3/4 of cube is a young bear. ------- 5/6 of factor is a movie star. ------- 3/7 of segment are people. --------- 1/3 of volume is a pronoun.
219. ## Bio Research Paper
Can you then tell me what to put in my conclusion? I'm so lost! -MC
220. ## math
2x-5+2(2x)+17=-2-5x+(4xy-7)
221. ## religione
ricerca per risunto sul buddismo e l'induismo | 9,884 | 38,780 | {"found_math": false, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 2.578125 | 3 | CC-MAIN-2019-43 | latest | en | 0.854704 |
https://goprep.co/ex-10-q98-pattern-b-consists-of-four-tiles-like-pattern-a-i-1nkess | 1,606,701,821,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141204453.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20201130004748-20201130034748-00241.warc.gz | 307,689,208 | 46,332 | Q. 985.0( 1 Vote )
# Pattern B consists of four tiles like pattern A. Write a proportion involving red dots and blue dots in pattern A and B. Are they in direct proportion? If yes, write the constant of proportion.
The number of red dots in pattern A (•) = 4
The number of blue dots in pattern A () = 2
Pattern B consists of four tiles like pattern A i.e.
Patter A × 4 = Pattern B
Proportion in pattern =
Now, proportion of blue dots and red dots in pattern B =
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# A quiz for the bored
Rooks Forgenal
Ranch Hand
Posts: 82
It the making of these functions, I ran across an interesting error that I bet beginners run into a LOT!
Why is the "BAD" function going to produce trash and the "GOOD" section fine?
************************************ GOOD *************************************
The recursive version of this question is this: This is easier to see but harder to understand.
************************************ GOOD *************************************
if you are wondering why I did not put:
in the recursive one, it is because I couldn't figure out precisely where I would put it and what the effect would be in the recursion.
Nisha Ganeriwal
Greenhorn
Posts: 8
In the "bad" methods, when you write: answer = answer * ((n - i) / (i + 1)); , in the division, you loose precision because when you divide int by int the result is an int and the remainder is lost. But this does not happen in the "good" methods as there the answer*(n-i) is calculated first which is always perfectly divisible by (i+1).
Rooks Forgenal
Ranch Hand
Posts: 82
duly impressed sir/maam. duly impressed.
Nisha Ganeriwal
Greenhorn
Posts: 8
In the recursive methods, you can store the value returned by nCr_recursive(..) in a variable, compare it with 0 and throw the exception.
Rooks Forgenal
Ranch Hand
Posts: 82
Like this?
Rooks Forgenal
Ranch Hand
Posts: 82
Turns out GOOD is not so good after all. As a result of reading every output, I found an error in the algorithm when nCr(30,15) is submitted. Can anyone see the error?
As a hint, here is how I fixed it. | 416 | 1,705 | {"found_math": false, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 2.8125 | 3 | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | longest | en | 0.895596 |
https://codeforces.cc/blog/entry/44462 | 1,657,070,585,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-27/segments/1656104655865.86/warc/CC-MAIN-20220705235755-20220706025755-00364.warc.gz | 207,793,120 | 20,732 | ### LastTry's blog
By LastTry, history, 6 years ago,
Hey, guys!
I've been working on a problem recently but I need some help with the idea of it. Here it is:
You are given a directed acyclic graph with the length of the edges between two vertices. What you have to do is find the longest path in the graph, starting from the beginning vertex (it's 1). The input contains on the first line the number of vertices (N) and number of edges (M). Then it is followed by M lines, each of whom contains 3 numbers — the first 2 are the indexes of the two vertices which are connected and the 3rd number is the length of the edge between them. The output should contain the longest path in the DAG.
Example input:
5 8 1 2 5 1 4 4 1 5 1 2 3 3 2 5 1 4 3 2 5 3 3 5 4 2
Example output:
10
Explanation: Here's the path in this case: 1 2 5 4 3
• -9
» 6 years ago, # | +6 This is a classic problem in dynamic programming in DAG.1 — Process the vertices in reverse topological order2 — If a vertex v has outgoing edges, D[v] = max(D[v], w(v, u) + D[u]), otherwise D[v] = 0, where w(u,v) is the cost of the edge v to u.
• » » 6 years ago, # ^ | +5 What do you mean by "Process the vertices in reverse topological order"? And how should I do that?
• » » » 6 years ago, # ^ | ← Rev. 2 → +1 Do you know what topological sort is? If not I recommend you to read about it, one source is hereIn short (and without being formal) it means you arrange all the vertices in a line such that all edges go from left to right (this is always possible in a DAG). In this problem you don't need to do this arrangement explicitly — I'll leave the details as an exercise for you = ), though if you struggle feel free to ask again.
• » » » » 6 years ago, # ^ | 0 Thanks, if I need help I hope it's not a problem to ask. :)
• » » 22 months ago, # ^ | 0 what if we do not process the nodes in reverse order? i think that will not change anything.
• » » 7 weeks ago, # ^ | 0 Hello, ivanilos, can you please explain the intuition behind the reverse topological ordering.Why we need to reverse? Will not the answer be same without reversing the ordering.Asking on a blog written 6 years ago, as I searched for topological sorting and hit this blog. So it will be helpful if you can explain the intuition.
• » » » 7 weeks ago, # ^ | ← Rev. 2 → 0 Again sorry to disturb you, ivanilos, if I am correct you reversed the topological order for iterating the DP states in correct order as without reversing it we will hit the DP state we have not processed till yet.Can you please confirm ? Will be very helpful if you can clear the doubt.
• » » » » 7 weeks ago, # ^ | +3 if I am correct you reversed the topological order for iterating the DP states in correct orderYes, you are correct. This way of iteration of states is also known as "bottom up".Will not the answer be same without reversing the ordering.It is also possible to solve it in a way called "top down" but I felt it was easier to understand and explain the bottom up approach.
• » » » » » 7 weeks ago, # ^ | +3 Wow, did you just come online from the big hiatus of codeforces due to this comment or do your frequently lurk?
• » » » » » 7 weeks ago, # ^ | +3 Thank you very much ivanilos, you replied to a blog written 6 years ago. I was not hoping but really thanks for taking out your time and clearing the doubt.
» 6 years ago, # | 0 Is there any other source where I can read more about DP on DAG?
» 6 years ago, # | 0 I think you can take the negative of all edge weights and apply the Bellman–Ford Algorithm. Your final answer will be the negative of the answer given by Bellman–Ford Algorithm. This works because, Bellman–Ford Algorithm is used to calculate the shortest path from source node to every other node. Now, if you negate all edge weights, then the abs(length of shortest path) = length of longest path. You can read more about Bellman–Ford Algorithm here — http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/dynamic-programming-set-23-bellman-ford-algorithm/ | 1,072 | 4,015 | {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 1, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 3.609375 | 4 | CC-MAIN-2022-27 | latest | en | 0.913049 |
https://open.kattis.com/problems/fieldtrip | 1,656,674,318,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-27/segments/1656103940327.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220701095156-20220701125156-00236.warc.gz | 481,958,017 | 7,641 | Hide
# Field Trip
You and your classmates are going on an exciting field trip to a downtown museum. Because the museum is an hour away, three buses of identical capacity and a van are dispatched as a means of transportation to the museum and back. The buses will first start loading only students, and once all students have been loaded then teachers will begin to fill in the remaining spots on the buses. Any remaining teachers will ride on the van. To make the bus ride more exciting, all the students are hoping for a “teacher free bus ride”! A teacher free bus ride is when none of the teachers are on a bus.
Students are grouped in $n$ class sections of different sizes. Each class section is assigned a number from $1$ to $n$. All students in one class section must ride on the same bus. The buses will board class sections in increasing order by number. In other words, the first bus will load sections numbered $1$ to $i$, the second bus will load sections numbered $i+1$ to $j$, and the third bus will load the sections numbered $j+1$ to $n$. Every bus must have at least one class section assigned to it.
Given the sizes of each of the class sections, determine if it is possible to load students onto $3$ identical buses and end up with a “teacher free bus ride!”
## Input
The first line of input contains one integer $N$, the number of class sections ($3 \le N \le 1\, 000\, 000$). The second line of input contains $N$ integers, the $i^{\text {th}}$ integer represents the size of class section with number $i$. Class section sizes can range from $[1, 10\, 000]$.
## Output
If it is possible to load the students onto three identical buses in the above-described fashion and have a teacher free bus ride, then output two integers $i$ and $j$ ($1 \le i < j < n$) where $i$ is the number of the class section which is to be loaded last into the first bus, and $j$ is the class section which is to be loaded last into the second bus. We can assume the third bus will load class sections $j+1$ to $n$.
If it is not possible, print “-1”.
Sample Input 1 Sample Output 1
3
3 3 3
1 2
Sample Input 2 Sample Output 2
3
9 10 11
-1
Sample Input 3 Sample Output 3
9
1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3
3 6
Sample Input 4 Sample Output 4
9
1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 10
-1
CPU Time limit 3 seconds
Memory limit 1024 MB
Difficulty 2.7easy
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pipe-flow-example
# pipe-flow-example - Pipe Flow Example Water flows steadily...
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Pipe Flow Example Water flows steadily into the circular pipe with a uniform inlet velocity profile as shown. Due to the presence of viscosity, the velocity immediately adjacent to the inner pipe wall becomes zero and this phenomenon is called the no-slip boundary condition. It is found out that the velocity distribution reaches a parabolic profile at a distance downstream of the entrance and can be represented as V 1 (r)=V max [1-(r/R) 2 ], where V max is the velocity at the center of the pipe and r is the radial distance measured away from the center axis. Use the mass conservation equation, determine V max. V O P O R: radius of pipe V 1 (r )=V max [1-(r/R) 2 ] P 1
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Mass Conseration CS IN OUT 1 1 OUT r=R 2 1 1 r=0 2 2 max 2 Mass conservation: V dA 0 V dA V dA 0 V dA 0, since V & dA are in the same direction V (r)(2 rdr), since dA =d( r ) 2 r ( ) V 1- (2 R CV O O O O O d t V A V A rdr V R ρ ρ ρ ρ ρ ρ π π π π π 2200 + = + = - + = = = = r r r r r r r r r=R 3 max 2 r=0 0 2 2 max
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…making use of the Multiplication Table. Incoming search terms: 4s multiplication chart 4s multiplication practice long multiplication worksheet and answers probability multiplication rule worksheet what is a mu;ltiplication grid 2×2…
## Multiplication Chart Multiplication Chart
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…by several. Grow row several by posts one through a dozen. The solutions are 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, and 60 correspondingly. Now we… | 640 | 2,049 | {"found_math": false, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 3.34375 | 3 | CC-MAIN-2020-45 | latest | en | 0.844484 |
https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/1529178/i-need-help-factoring-6q76q2-5 | 1,563,789,813,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-30/segments/1563195527907.70/warc/CC-MAIN-20190722092824-20190722114824-00007.warc.gz | 471,070,112 | 34,914 | # I need help factoring 6q(7(6q)^2 +5)
Can someone please show me how to factor $6q(7(6q)^2 +5)$ to show that it is a multiple of 6? I'm working on a division algorithm problem, and I understand concepts of div alg but I really don't have much experience factoring and I can't find any good sources on learning this type of thing. Thank you in advance.
• Isn't it a multiple of $6$ because you are multiplying it by $6$? – Brevan Ellefsen Nov 14 '15 at 21:13
The quantity: $$6q(7(6q)^2 +5)$$
Is divisible by $6$ because of the quantity $6q$ in front of the parenthesis. The $6$ implies that the polynomial is divisible by $6$. | 188 | 629 | {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 1, "mathjax_display_tex": 1, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 3.703125 | 4 | CC-MAIN-2019-30 | latest | en | 0.940505 |
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# Linear Equations problems
## Linear Equation: Percent Solution example question
A 6-gallon radiator is filled with a 40% solution of antifreeze in water. How much of the solution must be drained and replaced with pure antifreeze to obtain a 65% solution?
Solution to this Linear Equation practice problem is given in the video below!
## Linear Equation: Upstream Downstream example problem
A crew of 8 can row 20 kilometers per hour in still water. The crew rows upstream then returns to its starting point in 15 minutes. If the river is flowing at rate 2 kilometers per hour, how far did the crew row?
Solution to this Linear Equation practice problem is given in the video below!
## Linear Equation: Rate Time Distance example
At 1:30 p.m., Megan starts walking at a rate 4 miles per hour along a straight line path. Ten minutes later, Patrick starts walking in opposite direction at a rate 3 miles per hour along the same line path. If both carry a walkie-talkie whose maximum range is 0.9 miles, at what time will their connection be lost?
Solution to this Linear Equation practice problem is given in the video below!
## Linear Equation: Youtube Views HARD example problem
A recipe video has 7,425 views and gets 590 views in 2 days, while a music video has 5,475 views and gets 495 views in 3 days. Assuming the rate of views for both videos was constant, how many days ago did these videos have the SAME number of views?
Solution to this Linear Equation practice problem is given in the video below!
## System of Linear Equations: Elimination Method example
Solve the system of Linear Equations by Elimination:
Solution to this System of Linear Equations practice problem is given in the video below!
## System of Linear Equations: Substitution Method example question
Solve the system of Linear Equations by Substitution:
Solution to this System of Linear Equations practice problem is given in the video below! | 443 | 1,992 | {"found_math": false, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 3.75 | 4 | CC-MAIN-2024-38 | latest | en | 0.883613 |
http://au.metamath.org/mpegif/rspcimedv.html | 1,532,207,635,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-30/segments/1531676592778.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20180721203722-20180721223706-00004.warc.gz | 28,873,052 | 4,066 | Metamath Proof Explorer < Previous Next > Nearby theorems Mirrors > Home > MPE Home > Th. List > rspcimedv Structured version Unicode version
Theorem rspcimedv 3056
Description: Restricted existential specialization, using implicit substitution. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 4-Jan-2017.)
Hypotheses
Ref Expression
rspcimdv.1
rspcimedv.2
Assertion
Ref Expression
rspcimedv
Distinct variable groups: , , , ,
Allowed substitution hint: ()
Proof of Theorem rspcimedv
StepHypRef Expression
1 rspcimdv.1 . . . 4
2 rspcimedv.2 . . . . 5
32con3d 128 . . . 4
41, 3rspcimdv 3055 . . 3
54con2d 110 . 2
6 dfrex2 2720 . 2
75, 6syl6ibr 220 1
Colors of variables: wff set class Syntax hints: wn 3 wi 4 wa 360 wceq 1653 wcel 1726 wral 2707 wrex 2708 This theorem is referenced by: rspcedv 3058 fargshiftfo 21627 usgra2pthlem1 28336 el2wlkonot 28389 el2spthonot 28390 el2wlkonotot0 28392 usg2spot2nb 28516 This theorem was proved from axioms: ax-1 5 ax-2 6 ax-3 7 ax-mp 8 ax-gen 1556 ax-5 1567 ax-17 1627 ax-9 1667 ax-8 1688 ax-6 1745 ax-7 1750 ax-11 1762 ax-12 1951 ax-ext 2419 This theorem depends on definitions: df-bi 179 df-or 361 df-an 362 df-tru 1329 df-ex 1552 df-nf 1555 df-sb 1660 df-clab 2425 df-cleq 2431 df-clel 2434 df-nfc 2563 df-ral 2712 df-rex 2713 df-v 2960
Copyright terms: Public domain W3C validator | 613 | 1,387 | {"found_math": false, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 2.953125 | 3 | CC-MAIN-2018-30 | latest | en | 0.221137 |
https://www.enotes.com/homework-help/how-does-flemings-left-hand-rule-used-determining-481135 | 1,510,974,227,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-47/segments/1510934804518.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20171118021803-20171118041803-00315.warc.gz | 776,199,127 | 9,993 | # How is the Fleming's left hand rule used in determining the movement of wire when the current is switched on in a magnetic field?
ishpiro | Certified Educator
When a moving particle is placed in the magnetic field, there will be an electromagnetic force, sometimes called Lorenz force, acting on the particle:
`vecF = q[vecV vecB]`
The square brackets here symbolize the vector product between the velocity of the particle and the magnetic field. This force is then directed perpendicular to both the velocity of the particle and the magnetic field.
When the current is switched on in the magnetic field, there are many charged particles moving through the wire. The total force is determined by
`vecF = L[vecI vecB]`
Here the vector `vecI` has the magnitude of the current and the direction of the wire.
The Fleming's left-hand rule is the shortcut for determining the direction of the vector product. To use it, place your left hand in a way that
1) magnetic field lines are going into your hand
2) your fingers are pointing in the direction of the current
Then, your thumb will be pointing in the direction of the force, which will determine the direction of the movement of the wire.
Please see the reference line for the illustration (the position of the hand is explained slightly differently there, but the illustration still works.) Also, see the second reference link for the explanation of the right-hand rule, which is an alternative way to determine the direction of the vector product of two vectors. | 315 | 1,527 | {"found_math": false, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 3.375 | 3 | CC-MAIN-2017-47 | latest | en | 0.917341 |
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posted by .
A convenience store clerk can wait on 6 customers per minute. If customers arrive at an average rate of x people per minute, the time T spent in line is
T = 1/(6-x), where 0<x<6
Find the waiting time if an average of 4.75 people arrive each minute.
• Algebra II - Word Problem -
I'm guessing it's 48 seconds, but not sure... Thanks!
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# Factorial
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Joined: 24 May 2010
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24 May 2010, 22:35
Ok so if 5 people are to sit at a round table how many ways can they be seated. Why is the answer not 5!
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25 May 2010, 00:07
Total No. of ways in which n no. of persons could be arranged on a round table is given by : ( n - 1 ) ! and not n !
Therefore the ans shd be 4! and not 5!
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25 May 2010, 07:03
Yes but why n-1 ! And not n! Can you give some more color so I can understand
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25 May 2010, 07:33
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Jinglander wrote:
Yes but why n-1 ! And not n! Can you give some more color so I can understand
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The number of arrangements of n distinct objects in a row is given by $$n!$$.
The number of arrangements of n distinct objects in a circle is given by $$(n-1)!$$.
From Gmat Club Math Book (combinatorics chapter):
"The difference between placement in a row and that in a circle is following: if we shift all object by one position, we will get different arrangement in a row but the same relative arrangement in a circle. So, for the number of circular arrangements of n objects we have:
$$R = \frac{n!}{n} = (n-1)!$$"
$$(n-1)!=(5-1)!=24$$
Check Combinatorics chapter of Math Book for more (link in my signature).
Hope it helps.
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26 Feb 2016, 17:21
In a circle there are n-1 ways to arrange a group
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28 Feb 2016, 22:32
One way to think about it, and these problems in general, is to start by counting the possibilities 'naively'. It seems logical that there should be 5! ways to arrange 5 people around a round table, so start with 5!. Then, account for any special circumstances by figuring out whether you actually counted any of the possibilities more than once. In this case, you actually counted each separate possibility five times by using 5!. For instance, you counted these five arrangements as being different, but they're actually the same (since they're just rotations around the table):
(A B C D E)
(B C D E A)
(C D E A B)
(D E A B C)
(E A B C D)
In order to correct for the overcounting, you'll divide by 5. 5!/5 = 4!, or 24.
This works for a wide range of counting problems. Suppose you wanted to know how many ways a class of eight people could be split into two groups of four. Naively, there are 8*7*6*5 ways to select the first group of four (after which the second group is determined). But you've overcounted by doing that, since you actually counted these groups as being different:
A B C D
B C D A
B A C D
... etc.
That is, you counted each different group 4! times. So, the actual answer is (8*7*6*5)/4!, which is equivalent to what you'd get from the combinatorics formula.
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Kudos [?]: 239 [0], given: 56
Re: Factorial [#permalink] 28 Feb 2016, 22:32
Display posts from previous: Sort by | 1,421 | 4,878 | {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 1, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 3.75 | 4 | CC-MAIN-2017-43 | latest | en | 0.881993 |
https://calculat.io/en/length/mm-to-feet/625 | 1,721,899,985,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-30/segments/1720763857355.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20240725084035-20240725114035-00282.warc.gz | 129,844,493 | 25,033 | # Convert 625 mm to feet and inches
## How many feet and inches is 625 mm?
Answer: 625 mm = 2ft 0.61in
625 Millimeters is equal to 2 Feet 0.61 Inches
It Is Also:
2.05 Feet
or
24.61 Inches
## Explanation of 625 Millimeters to Feet Conversion
Millimeters to Feet Conversion Formula: ft = mm ÷ 304.8
According to 'mm to feet' conversion formula if you want to convert 625 (six hundred twenty-five) Millimeters to Feet you have to divide 625 by 30.48.
Here is the complete solution:
625 mm ÷ 304.8
=
2.05′
If you want to convert 625 Millimeters to both Feet and Inches parts, then you first have to calculate the whole number part for Feet by rounding 625 / 304.8 fraction down. And then convert remainder of the division to Inches by multiplying by 12 (according to Feet to Inches conversion formula)
Here is the complete solution:
get the Feet Part
roundDown( 625 mm ÷ 304.8 )
=
2′
get the Inches Part
((625 / 304.8) - 2′) * 12
=
(2.051 - 2′) * 12
=
0.051 * 12
=
0.61″
so the full record will look like
2'0.61"
## Millimeters to Feet Conversion Table
MillimetersFeet and InchesFeetInches
2ft 0.02in24.02 Inches
611 mm2ft 0.06in24.06 Inches
612 mm2ft 0.09in2.01 Feet24.09 Inches
613 mm2ft 0.13in2.01 Feet24.13 Inches
614 mm2ft 0.17in2.01 Feet24.17 Inches
2ft 0.21in2.02 Feet24.21 Inches
616 mm2ft 0.25in2.02 Feet24.25 Inches
617 mm2ft 0.29in2.02 Feet24.29 Inches
618 mm2ft 0.33in2.03 Feet24.33 Inches
619 mm2ft 0.37in2.03 Feet24.37 Inches
2ft 0.41in2.03 Feet24.41 Inches
621 mm2ft 0.45in2.04 Feet24.45 Inches
2ft 0.49in2.04 Feet24.49 Inches
623 mm2ft 0.53in2.04 Feet24.53 Inches
624 mm2ft 0.57in2.05 Feet24.57 Inches
2ft 0.61in2.05 Feet24.61 Inches
2ft 0.65in2.05 Feet24.65 Inches
627 mm2ft 0.69in2.06 Feet24.69 Inches
628 mm2ft 0.72in2.06 Feet24.72 Inches
629 mm2ft 0.76in2.06 Feet24.76 Inches
2ft 0.8in2.07 Feet
631 mm2ft 0.84in2.07 Feet24.84 Inches
632 mm2ft 0.88in2.07 Feet24.88 Inches
2ft 0.92in2.08 Feet24.92 Inches
634 mm2ft 0.96in2.08 Feet24.96 Inches
2ft 1in2.08 Feet
636 mm2ft 1.04in2.09 Feet25.04 Inches
637 mm2ft 1.08in2.09 Feet25.08 Inches
638 mm2ft 1.12in2.09 Feet25.12 Inches
639 mm2ft 1.16in2.1 Feet25.16 Inches
## About "Millimeters to Feet" Calculator
This converter will help you to convert Millimeters to Feet (mm to ft). For example, it can help you find out how many feet and inches is 625 mm? (The answer is: 2ft 0.61in). Or how tall is 625 mm in feet? Enter the number of millimeters (e.g. '625') and hit the 'Convert' button.
## FAQ
### How many feet and inches is 625 mm?
625 mm = 2ft 0.61in
2.05
24.61 | 956 | 2,564 | {"found_math": false, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 4.03125 | 4 | CC-MAIN-2024-30 | latest | en | 0.511314 |
https://coinpush.app/using-the-relative-strength-index-rsi-to-identify-trend-strength/ | 1,712,917,752,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-18/segments/1712296815919.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20240412101354-20240412131354-00214.warc.gz | 169,053,934 | 35,882 | # Using the Relative Strength Index (RSI) to identify trend strength
In this article, we will discuss what the RSI is, how it works, and how it can be used to identify trend strength in the crypto market.
## What is the Relative Strength Index?
The Relative Strength Index (RSI) is a technical indicator that was developed by J. Welles Wilder Jr. in the late 1970s. The RSI is a momentum oscillator that measures the speed and change of price movements. The RSI is calculated by comparing the average gains and losses of an asset over a specified period of time. The RSI is displayed on a scale from 0 to 100, with levels above 70 indicating overbought conditions and levels below 30 indicating oversold conditions.
## How Does the RSI Work?
The RSI is calculated using the following formula:
RSI = 100 – [100 / (1 + RS)]
Where RS = (Average Gain / Average Loss)
To calculate the RSI, you first need to determine the period of time over which you want to measure the average gains and losses. The most common period used is 14 days, but you can adjust this period to fit your trading strategy.
Once you have determined the period, you can calculate the average gain and average loss over that period. The average gain is the sum of all the gains over the period divided by the period, while the average loss is the sum of all the losses over the period divided by the period.
Using these values, you can calculate the RS by dividing the average gain by the average loss. Finally, you can calculate the RSI using the formula above.
## How to Use the RSI to Identify Trend Strength
The RSI can be used to identify trend strength by looking at the levels of the indicator. As mentioned earlier, levels above 70 indicate overbought conditions, while levels below 30 indicate oversold conditions. These levels can be used to identify potential trend reversals.
However, simply looking at overbought and oversold levels is not enough to identify trend strength. Traders should also look at the direction of the RSI and the slope of the RSI line.
When the RSI is trending upwards and is above the 50 level, it is a sign of bullish momentum in the market. The higher the RSI rises above 50, the stronger the trend. Traders should look for buying opportunities during these periods.
Conversely, when the RSI is trending downwards and is below the 50 level, it is a sign of bearish momentum in the market. The lower the RSI falls below 50, the stronger the trend. Traders should look for selling opportunities during these periods.
Traders should also look at the slope of the RSI line. When the RSI is sloping upwards, it is a sign of bullish momentum. When the RSI is sloping downwards, it is a sign of bearish momentum. The steeper the slope of the RSI line, the stronger the trend.
Finally, traders should look for divergences between the RSI and price action. A bullish divergence occurs when the RSI is making higher lows while the price is making lower lows. This is a sign that bullish momentum is building, and a trend reversal may be imminent. Conversely, a bearish divergence occurs when the RSI is making lower highs while the price is making higher highs. This is a sign that bearish momentum is building, and a trend reversal may be imminent.
## Conclusion
In conclusion, the Relative Strength Index (RSI) is a powerful tool for identifying trend strength in the crypto market. By looking at the levels, direction, slope, and divergences of the RSI, traders can gain a better understanding of the momentum of the market and make more informed trading decisions.
However, it’s important to note that the RSI is just one tool in a trader’s toolbox. Traders should use the RSI in conjunction with other technical indicators, such as moving averages and trend lines, to confirm their analysis and make more informed trading decisions.
Additionally, traders should be aware that the RSI is not infallible and can produce false signals. Traders should always practice risk management and use stop-loss orders to limit their losses in case of unexpected market movements.
In summary, the RSI is a valuable tool for identifying trend strength in the crypto market. By incorporating the RSI into their trading strategy, crypto day traders can gain a better understanding of the momentum of the market and make more informed trading decisions. However, traders should always use the RSI in conjunction with other technical indicators and practice risk management to limit their losses.
Dean J. Driessen
Coin Push Crypto Signals is a useful mobile app for crypto traders, can be installed from both Google Play Store and Apple App Store. | 991 | 4,653 | {"found_math": false, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 2.78125 | 3 | CC-MAIN-2024-18 | longest | en | 0.929809 |
https://rdrr.io/cran/distributions3/man/cdf.Erlang.html | 1,723,320,987,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-33/segments/1722640822309.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20240810190707-20240810220707-00575.warc.gz | 389,752,455 | 8,077 | cdf.Erlang: Evaluate the cumulative distribution function of an Erlang... In distributions3: Probability Distributions as S3 Objects
cdf.Erlang R Documentation
Evaluate the cumulative distribution function of an Erlang distribution
Description
Evaluate the cumulative distribution function of an Erlang distribution
Usage
```## S3 method for class 'Erlang'
cdf(d, x, drop = TRUE, elementwise = NULL, ...)
```
Arguments
`d` An `Erlang` object created by a call to `Erlang()`. `x` A vector of elements whose cumulative probabilities you would like to determine given the distribution `d`. `drop` logical. Should the result be simplified to a vector if possible? `elementwise` logical. Should each distribution in `d` be evaluated at all elements of `x` (`elementwise = FALSE`, yielding a matrix)? Or, if `d` and `x` have the same length, should the evaluation be done element by element (`elementwise = TRUE`, yielding a vector)? The default of `NULL` means that `elementwise = TRUE` is used if the lengths match and otherwise `elementwise = FALSE` is used. `...` Arguments to be passed to `pgamma`. Unevaluated arguments will generate a warning to catch mispellings or other possible errors.
Value
In case of a single distribution object, either a numeric vector of length `probs` (if `drop = TRUE`, default) or a `matrix` with `length(x)` columns (if `drop = FALSE`). In case of a vectorized distribution object, a matrix with `length(x)` columns containing all possible combinations.
Examples
```
set.seed(27)
X <- Erlang(5, 2)
X
random(X, 10)
pdf(X, 2)
log_pdf(X, 2)
cdf(X, 4)
quantile(X, 0.7)
cdf(X, quantile(X, 0.7))
quantile(X, cdf(X, 7))
```
distributions3 documentation built on Sept. 7, 2022, 5:07 p.m. | 448 | 1,730 | {"found_math": false, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 2.859375 | 3 | CC-MAIN-2024-33 | latest | en | 0.664489 |
https://numberworld.info/121213 | 1,627,948,735,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-31/segments/1627046154408.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20210802234539-20210803024539-00640.warc.gz | 414,778,114 | 3,806 | # Number 121213
### Properties of number 121213
Cross Sum:
Factorization:
Divisors:
Count of divisors:
Sum of divisors:
Prime number?
No
Fibonacci number?
No
Bell Number?
No
Catalan Number?
No
Base 2 (Binary):
Base 3 (Ternary):
Base 4 (Quaternary):
Base 5 (Quintal):
Base 8 (Octal):
1d97d
Base 32:
3mbt
sin(121213)
-0.80200629988664
cos(121213)
-0.59731557399932
tan(121213)
1.3426843946439
ln(121213)
11.705304607591
lg(121213)
5.0835492000737
sqrt(121213)
348.15657397211
Square(121213)
### Number Look Up
Look Up
121213 which is pronounced (one hundred twenty-one thousand two hundred thirteen) is a special figure. The cross sum of 121213 is 10. If you factorisate the figure 121213 you will get these result 47 * 2579. The number 121213 has 4 divisors ( 1, 47, 2579, 121213 ) whith a sum of 123840. 121213 is not a prime number. The number 121213 is not a fibonacci number. The number 121213 is not a Bell Number. The figure 121213 is not a Catalan Number. The convertion of 121213 to base 2 (Binary) is 11101100101111101. The convertion of 121213 to base 3 (Ternary) is 20011021101. The convertion of 121213 to base 4 (Quaternary) is 131211331. The convertion of 121213 to base 5 (Quintal) is 12334323. The convertion of 121213 to base 8 (Octal) is 354575. The convertion of 121213 to base 16 (Hexadecimal) is 1d97d. The convertion of 121213 to base 32 is 3mbt. The sine of the figure 121213 is -0.80200629988664. The cosine of 121213 is -0.59731557399932. The tangent of the figure 121213 is 1.3426843946439. The square root of 121213 is 348.15657397211.
If you square 121213 you will get the following result 14692591369. The natural logarithm of 121213 is 11.705304607591 and the decimal logarithm is 5.0835492000737. that 121213 is very amazing figure! | 603 | 1,767 | {"found_math": false, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 3.34375 | 3 | CC-MAIN-2021-31 | latest | en | 0.754721 |
https://discuss.codecademy.com/t/12-13-oops-try-again-calling-compute-bill-with-a-list-containing-1-apple-1-pear-and-1-banana-resulted-in-9-instead-of-the-correct-7/16654 | 1,532,146,250,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-30/segments/1531676592309.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20180721032019-20180721052019-00344.warc.gz | 642,242,434 | 5,170 | # 12/13, Oops, try again. calling compute_bill with a list containing 1 apple, 1 pear and 1 banana resulted in 9 instead of the correct 7
#1
Here is my whole code,
shopping_list = ["banana", "orange", "apple"]
shopping_list = ["banana", "orange", "apple"]
stock = {
"banana": 6,
"apple": 0,
"orange": 32,
"pear": 15
}
prices = {
"banana": 4,
"apple": 2,
"orange": 1.5,
"pear": 3
}
def compute_bill(food):
total =0
total=0
food = stock
def compute_bill(food):
total = 0
for x in food:
total += prices[x]
def compute_bill(food):
total = 0
for item in food:
if stock[item] > 0:
total += prices[item]
stock[item] -= 1
#2
I am new to coding as well and just got to this. It took me a little bit to figure out that my indents were off. So I would say just to make sure that your indents are in the right place, especially on the return.
Hope this helps.
shopping_list = ["banana", "orange", "apple"]
stock = {
----"banana": 6, ------------------------ <-one tab
----"apple": 0, --------------------------- <-one tab
----"orange": 32, ----------------------- <-one tab
----"pear": 15 --------------------------- <-one tab
}
prices = {
----"banana": 4, --------------------- <-one tab
----"apple": 2, ------------------------ <-one tab
----"orange": 1.5, ------------------- <-one tab
----"pear": 3 -------------------------- <-one tab
}
def compute_bill(food):
----total = 0------------------------<-one tab
----for x in food:-------------------<-one tab
--------if stock[x] >=1: ----------- <-two tab
------------total += prices[x] ----- <-three tab
------------stock[x] -= 1 -----------<-three tab
#3
Hi coolyoshi7,
I had the same exact problem, and I spent really long trying to figure it out. Your first two blocks look good, and the other reply by lchapin89 has the correct indenting. It turns out, at least for me, that the catch was the += and and -=. Instead of using those operators, you have to write it out like:
total = total + prices[item]
It's a little confusing, since the instructions are a bit misleading. So here's my last block of code with the function:
def compute_bill(shopping_list):
total = 0
for item in shopping_list:
if stock[item] > 0:
total = total + prices[item]
stock[item] = stock[item] - 1
``return total``
That's without the indenting, of course. That worked for me, and I hope it works for you. Hope this helps!
#4
Hasn't worked for me error Oops, try again. calling compute_bill with a list containing 1 apple, 1 pear and 1 banana resulted in 0 instead of the correct 7
#5
I think it is a bug form IDE, my code doesn't run right too.
shopping_list = ["banana", "orange", 'banana', "apple"]
stock = {
"banana": 6,
"apple": 0,
"orange": 32,
"pear": 15
}
prices = {
"banana": 4,
"apple": 2,
"orange": 1.5,
"pear": 3
}
# Write your code below!
def compute_bill(food):
total = 0
for i in food:
if stock[i] > 0:
total = total + prices[i]
stock[i] = stock[i] - 1
``return total``
print compute_bill(shopping_list)
#6
A , I find the solution.
Delete the line "print compute_bill(shopping_list)" | 859 | 3,050 | {"found_math": false, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 2.640625 | 3 | CC-MAIN-2018-30 | longest | en | 0.82491 |
https://www.physicsforums.com/search/7605231/ | 1,675,194,139,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499890.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20230131190543-20230131220543-00848.warc.gz | 943,298,577 | 12,745 | # Search results
1. ### Atomic excitation via photon absorption
Right, how about an atom absorbing the excitation energy it needs from an incoming blue photon, and the photon leaves with the remainder of its original energy, except now that it has a lower frequency, say red?
2. ### Atomic excitation via photon absorption
Then does the theory disallow the possibility of absorbing a portion the energy of an of an incoming say, violet photon and and render the photon into say, a green photon whose frequency corresponds to that of the remainder energy
3. ### Internal energy change
Hi Guys! I have a confusion which I hope you can help clear up. The mathematical expression of the first law of thermodynamics can be stated as δu=Q+W where u is the internal energy of the system, Q is the heat added(or taken from) to the system and W is the work done by or on the system. If I...
4. ### Atomic excitation via photon absorption
OK so just to clarify, the quantum theory explains that radiation is carried by discrete packets of energy (photons) whose energy must also be discrete? Would that mean orange light from a sodium lamp cannot be changed in any way into other colours by altering the frequency of the "orange" photons?
5. ### Atomic excitation via photon absorption
Isn't the energy of a photon continuous, since its frequency can take on any value?
6. ### Atomic excitation via photon absorption
What if the frequency of the photon decreases to the corresponding amount of the remainder energy? i.e. the frequency of the photon decreases after some of its energy is absorbed by the atom.
7. ### Atomic excitation via photon absorption
Hi guys! I have come across a problem I can't seem to wrap my head around. I've learned that E.M. radiation can be propagated by discrete packets of energy , photons. Is the energy of each photon discrete, or can it have a continuous range of energies depending on its frequency? I would be...
8. ### Standing Waves
Okay I am starting to see the gist of it, but could you care to explain why harmonics are required for solid boundaries but not for open-ended conditions? Do sound waves in a pipe count as open-ended or bounded?
9. ### Standing Waves
I am a little bit confused though, do standing waves form at all frequencies as long as you have two waves of similar amplitude and frequency traveling in opposite directions? For resonance only then you need harmonics?
10. ### Standing Waves
Also, are standing waves examples of resonance?
11. ### Standing Waves
So to answer my question, standing waves on a string attached to a fixed point do not require harmonics whereas standing waves between two speakers do?
12. ### Standing Waves
For transverse waves on a spring, doesn't the applied frequency have to be one of the harmonics to form standing waves? By boundary conditions, I assume those are the variables in the fundamental frequency formula?
13. ### Standing Waves
If so then standing waves are just resonance in work?
14. ### Standing Waves
Do all frequencies produce standing waves or just the harmonics? My physics textbook stated that standing waves are form when two wave trains with equal amplitude and frequency meet each other in opposite directions. Does the common frequency of the wave trains have to be one of the harmonics...
15. ### Summation of series
Homework Statement Let v1, v2, v3 be a sequence and let un=nvn-(n+1)vn+1 for n= 1,2,3... find \sumun from n=1 to N. Homework Equations The Attempt at a Solution Began with method of differences and arrived at Sn= v1-(n+1)vn+1
16. ### Gravity and upward motion
I am starting to see your point here, but allow me to ask: when the ball leaves the hand, it will still travel upwards, right? Shouldn't the be a upward force compelling it to move?
17. ### Gravity and upward motion
Hello everyone, I am have some confusion regarding gravity and a ball traveling upwards. Suppose you throw a ball upwards into the air. At the beginning, the ball is at rest atop your hand, Freaction=mg. When your hand moves upwards to throw the ball, Freaction>mg and the ball accelerates...
18. ### Sensitivity and Uncertainty in measurements
By rounding to the nearest actual marking, the systematic uncertainty increases from 0.25mm to 0.50mm? Is that what you mean?
19. ### Sensitivity and Uncertainty in measurements
Greetings fellow members, I have some queries on a laughably rudimental topic regarding measurements. Say you have a metre rule with sensitivity of 0.1cm, and you are measuring a wire which stretches from the 0.0cm starting point to the middle point between 7.3 cm and 7.4cm. My...
20. ### Heat released during freezing of water
Alright looks like I was correct. Thanks Borek :)
21. ### Heat released during freezing of water
Well this question is purely qualitative, there are no calculations involved. Since my description of the question wasn't quite clear I shall copy the question itself The diagram below shows a thermometer placed in a beaker of acetone and its reading is τ1. When the thermometer is taken out...
22. ### Heat released during freezing of water
Homework Statement A situation is given whereby a thermometer is placed inside acetone of 80C and is taken out. A layer of ice forms around the surface of the thermometer, does the reading of the thermometer change? Homework Equations - The Attempt at a Solution At first I...
23. ### Calculate the temperature of a mixture
My attempt resulted in a negative answer, which confuses me as it is quite impossible.Then the second question asked for the mass of ice remaining which made me realize that not all of the ice has melted
24. ### Calculate the temperature of a mixture
Homework Statement Calculate the temperature of a mixture of 0.3kg ice at 0°C and 0.3kg water at 75°C.Find the mass of ice melted Homework Equations Specific heat capacity of water: 4200J/kg/°C Specific latent heat of fusion of ice: 334 000 J/ kg The Attempt at a Solution Got a negative... | 1,311 | 5,982 | {"found_math": false, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 2.796875 | 3 | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | longest | en | 0.940732 |
https://www.coursehero.com/file/5966332/lecture31/ | 1,521,945,442,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257651481.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20180325005509-20180325025509-00007.warc.gz | 749,351,030 | 93,015 | {[ promptMessage ]}
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lecture31
# lecture31 - Lecture 31 6.3 Examples of Manifolds We begin...
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Lecture 31 6.3 Examples of Manifolds We begin with a review of the definition of a manifold. Let X be a subset of R n , let Y be a subset of R m , and let f : X Y be a continuous map. Definition 6.6. The map f is C if for every p X , there exists a neighborhood U p of p in R n and a C map g p : U p R m such that g p = f on U p X . Claim. If f : X Y is continuous, then there exists a neighborhood U of X in R n and a C map g : U R m such that g = f on U X . Definition 6.7. The map f : X Y is a diffeomorphism if it is one-to-one, onto, and both f and f 1 are C maps. We define the notion of a manifold. Definition 6.8. A subset X of R N is an n -dimensional manifold if for every p X , there exists a neighborhood V of p in R N , an open set U in R n , and a diffeomorphism φ : U X V . Intuitively, the set X is an n -dimensional manifold if locally near every point p X , the set X “looks like an open subset of R n .” Manifolds come up in practical applications as follows: Let U be an open subset of R N , let k < N , and let f : R N R k be a C map. Suppose that 0 is a regular value of f , that is, f 1 (0) C f = φ . Theorem 6.9. The set X = f 1 (0) is an n -dimensional manifold, where n = N k . Proof. If p f 1 (0), then p / C f . So the map Df ( p ) : R N R k is onto. The map f is a submersion at p .
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# laws of motion - Laws of motion mechanics Scientific Method...
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Laws of motion mechanics
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Scientific Method Observation, hypothesis, experiment, law, theory Architects of mechanics and motions Aristotle, Galileo, and Newton Aristotle’s Theory of Natural and Violent Motion Motion proceeds from the nature (earth, water, fire, air) of the object Force is required to create or maintain non-natural motion Galileo’s experiments Leaning tower of pisa – falling body hypothesis Inclined plane experiments Inertia
Architects of Motion Aristotle (384-322 BC) Sir Isaac Newton (1642-1727) Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) Theory of Natural and Violent Motions Author of Principia Mathematica Philosophie Naturalis inertia
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Newton’s First Law An object that is not subject to any external influences moves at a constant VELOCITY, covering equal DISTANCES in equal TIMES, along a straight-line path Newton's second Law Acceleration of an object is directly proportional to force, is in the direction of the force and inversely related to the mass of the object Newton's third Law Whenever one object exerts a force on a second object, the second object exerts an equal and opposite force on the first.
U.S. Open Professional World Championship, 1997 coasting ! hanging-in ! Object in motion tends to remain in motion Object at rest tends to remain at rest + Inertia
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Practical scenarios that mimic conditions For the Newton's First Law Mechanical Equilibrium When sum of all forces acting on the object or the net force is zero, the object is said to be in mechanical equilibrium Objects in mechanical equilibrium obey Newton's first law
Equilibrium of Stationary Objects Consider a book lying on the table, is it in equilibrium ?
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A255336 a(n) = A005811(A255056(n)); After the initial zero, the first differences of A255056. 4
0, 2, 2, 2, 4, 2, 2, 4, 4, 4, 2, 2, 2, 4, 6, 4, 4, 4, 4, 2, 2, 2, 4, 6, 4, 6, 6, 4, 2, 4, 6, 4, 4, 4, 4, 2, 2, 2, 4, 6, 4, 6, 4, 4, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 4, 2, 4, 6, 4, 6, 6, 4, 2, 4, 6, 4, 4, 4, 4, 2, 2, 2, 4, 6, 4, 6, 4, 4, 6, 6, 6, 6, 4, 4, 6, 6, 6, 8, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 4, 2, 4, 6, 4, 6, 4, 4, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 4, 2, 4, 6, 4, 6, 6, 4, 2, 4, 6, 4, 4, 4, 4, 2, 2 (list; graph; refs; listen; history; text; internal format)
OFFSET 0,2 COMMENTS First differences of A255056, shifted once right (prepended with zero). LINKS Antti Karttunen, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..8590 FORMULA a(n) = A005811(A255056(n)). a(0) = 0; and for n >= 1: a(n) = A255056(n) - A255056(n-1). a(n) = 2*A255337(n). PROG (Scheme, two versions) (define (A255336 n) (A005811 (A255056 n))) (define (A255336 n) (if (zero? n) n (- (A255056 n) (A255056 (- n 1))))) CROSSREFS First differences of A255056. Terms of A255337 doubled. Cf. A005811. Analogous sequence: A213712. Sequence in context: A066671 A159802 A329586 * A292929 A049627 A278223 Adjacent sequences: A255333 A255334 A255335 * A255337 A255338 A255339 KEYWORD nonn AUTHOR Antti Karttunen, Feb 21 2015 STATUS approved
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Είσοδος
Βιβλία Βιβλία 1 - 10 από 124 για TABLE. 10 Mills (m.) = 1 Cent . . ct. 10 Cents = 1 Dime . . d. 10 Dimes = 1 Dollar....
TABLE. 10 Mills (m.) = 1 Cent . . ct. 10 Cents = 1 Dime . . d. 10 Dimes = 1 Dollar . \$. 10 Dollars = 1 Eagle . E.
Daboll's Schoolmaster's Assistant: Improved and Enlarged ; Being a Plain ... - Σελίδα 20
των Nathan Daboll - 1828 - 240 σελίδες
Πλήρης προβολή - Σχετικά με αυτό το βιβλίο
## Staniford's Practical Arithmetic ...: Adapted Principally to Federal Currency
Daniel Staniford - 1818 - 324 σελίδες
...each other, and add them as in whole numbers, or decimals. TABLE OF FEDERAL MONEY. 10 Mills marked m. . . . make 1 Cent marked c. 10 Cents 1 Dime . . . d. 10 Dimes 1 Dollar \$ or dolls. 10 Dollars 1 Eagle . . Eug. NOTE. When the number of cents is less than 10, a cipher must...
## The New American Arithmetic, in the Coin of the United States, Denominated ...
John Lyman Newell - 1822 - 202 σελίδες
...in a tenfold ratio, like whole numbers, and the denominations are in a decimal proportion, thus, * 10 mills, (m.) make 1 cent, marked c. 10 cents, 1 dime, d. 10 dimes, 1 dollar, 10 dollars, I eagle, ALSO, 10 mills, 1 cent. 100 cents, 1 dollar. Q. What is the decimal expression of any sum...
## Arithmetic: Being a Sequel to First Lessons in Arithmetic
Warren Colburn - 1824 - 267 σελίδες
...men were to receive 100 dollars a piece, how many dollars would they all receive ? FEDERAL MONET. / ' 10 mills (m.) make 1 cent, marked c. 10 cents 1 dime d. 10 dimes 1 dollar dol. or \$ 10 dollars 1 eagle E. 8. In 3 dimes how many cents 1 9. In 5 dollars how many dimes ? How...
## Elements of Arithmetic
Etienne Bézout - 1824 - 219 σελίδες
...square rod, perch, 272i square feet J or pole. 40 square rods 1 rood. 4 roods 1 acre. FEDERAL MONEY. 10 mills (m.) make 1 cent, marked c. 10 cents 1 dime, d. 10 dimes 1 dollar, dol. or g. 10 dollars 1 eagle, E. The denominations in these Tables will be subsequently recurred te....
## Arithmetic Upon the Inductive Method of Instruction: Being a Sequel to ...
Warren Colburn - 1826 - 245 σελίδες
...Measures. Denominations of Federal money as determined by an Act of Congress, Aug. g, 1786. 10 mills make 1 cent marked c. 10 cents 1 dime d. * 10 dimes 1 dollar \$ 10 dollars 1 Eagle E. The coins of Federal money are two of gold, four of silver, and two of copper. The gold coins are an...
## Practical and Mental Arithmetic on a New Plan: In which Mental ..., Βιβλίο 2
Roswell Chamberlain Smith - 1829 - 268 σελίδες
...In 172800 minutes ? In 1036800 minutes ? A. 20160 hours. FEDERAL MONEY. Repeat the TABLE. 10 Mills make 1 Cent, marked c. 10 Cents 1 Dime . . . . d....10 Dimes 1 Dollar ... \$ 10 Dollars 1 Eagle . . . E. 1. At 10 mills a yard, how many cents will 4 yards of cloth cost ? Will 6 yard's ? Will 8 ? " 2. How...
## Arithmetic Upon the Inductive Method of Instruction ...: Stereotyped at the ...
Warren Colburn - 1829
...27 men were to receive 100 dollars apiece, how many dollars would they all receive ? FEDERAL MONET. 10 mills (m.) make 1 cent marked c. 10 cents 1 dime d. 10 dimes 1 dollar dol. or \$. 10 dollars 1 eagle E. 8. In 3 dimes how many cents ? 9. In 5 dollars how many dimes ? How...
## Practical and Mental Arithmetic: On a New Plan, in which Mental Arithmetic ...
...minutes ? A. 20160 hours. ЮТО1ТЕТ. Ii- XXX. Repeat the TABLE. 10 Mills make 1 Ceüt, inarked c. 10 Cents 1 Dime .... d. 10 Dimes . 1 Dollar . . . \$ 10 Dollars 1 Eagle . . . E. 1. At 10 mills a yard, how many cents will 4 yards of cloth cost ? Will 6 yards ? Will 8 ? 2. How many...
## The Child's Arithmetic ...
Ingram Cobbin - 1830
...nine and two pence 9 2 120 pence are ten shillings 10 0 Federal Money. 10 mills (m.) make 1 cent ct. 10 cents 1 dime d. 10 dimes 1 dollar \$ 10 dollars 1 eagle E. This is the money of the United States. Cents are made of copper, dimes and dollars of silver, eagles...
## Daboll's Schoolmaster's Assistant: Improved and Enlarged, Being a Plain ...
Nathan Daboll - 1831 - 240 σελίδες
...had just as many as John and Thomas both — . Pray how many dollars had Harry ? Ans. 5500 dollars. MONEY. NEXT in point of simplicity, and the nearest...marked c. 10 cents, 1 dime, d. 10 dimes, 1 dollar, \$. Dollar is the money unit ; all other denominations being valued according to their place from the... | 1,410 | 4,397 | {"found_math": false, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 3.109375 | 3 | CC-MAIN-2020-16 | latest | en | 0.490746 |
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# The Magical Golden Ratio
It’s been said that the golden ratio (also called the golden proportion, golden mean or Phi) is the perfect proportion. The golden ratio certainly seems to have magical properties. It occurs in nature, in the human body and in animals, in ancient art and architecture, even in many of our quilt designs. Letās do a little test. Pick out the illustration you find the most pleasing in each row.
I have given this test many times over the past decade and usually 75% will pick A, B, and B. If you picked these, you picked the shapes which have the Golden Ratio. So what is the golden ratio? OK, here comes some math. (Warning! Your eyes may be in danger of glazing over and your mind may wander. Never fear: it is only two sentences long.) It is the division of a line segment where the ratio is 1 to 1.618, one being the shorter length and 1.618 the longer one. It can also be the ratio of .618 to 1 where .618 is the shorter segment and 1 is the larger.
Most spirals found in nature fit the proportions of the golden ratio.
You will find that this ratio has been used throughout history. Some examples include the Greek Parthenon, the Great Pyramid at Giza, the paintings of Leonardo DaVinci. However, a truly fascinating aspect of this magical ratio is that it occurs so often in nature. For example, in a beehive there are fewer male bees than female bees. The ratio of males to females is the golden ratio! A pinecone has two sets of spirals, one with less spirals than the otherā¦..the relationship between them is again the golden ratio. Look at the photos above of the shell and Romanesco broccoli as another example. The golden ratio is even evident throughout the human body, in the measurement from the top of the head to the chin and from the chin to the navel and from the navel to the floor. Measurements from the elbow to the wrist and wrist to the tip of the middle finger also fall into the golden proportion. If you are like me, you donāt like carrying a calculator around all the time and doing math, but you might be curious as to the proportions of various objects. Because of this I developed the Golden Gauge Calipers. This is a handy tool that eliminates the math and lets you see the golden proportions in objects. As the calipers are opened the shorter segment in relation to the longer one is the golden ratio and vice versa. When the calipers are opened so that the narrow space is the size of the width of oval A you will see that the wider portion of the calipers is the height. The same is true with triangle B. If you open the calipers to the narrow portion across the base of the triangle, the height will be the space between the wider portion of the calipers.
With the calipers on the Marinerās compass B notice that the width of the smaller center circle is in āgolden proportionā to the distance from the edge of that circle to the edge of the larger circle. Many patchwork designs contain divisions that are either very close to or exactly the golden ratio. Are designs with golden proportions more pleasing to the eye?Ā Take a look at Duck and Ducklings and Whirling Five Patch, shown here. It is apparent that the designs have the same basic pattern. The difference is that one is drafted on a 5 x 5 grid and the other on a 14 x 14 grid. Which one is most appealing to you? I personally find Duck and Ducklings a little clunky and like the fact that Whirling Five Patch contains divisions that are not all the same. The Golden Gauge Calipers placed on the design shows that the width of the center division to the adjacent one almost fits golden ratio proportions.
Unknowingly, quilters when planning widths for borders automatically choose this proportion because it āfeelsā right. In one of the upcoming blogs we will take a look at borders and how to determine a pleasing size.
## 45 thoughts on “The Magical Golden Ratio”
1. Thanks Jinny. Found this facinating when you explained this in class last week (4/23). I have passed this info on to my fellow guild members.
2. Good grief!!
3. Thank you for acknowledging the fact that we quilters are not dummies…and we enjoy the entire dynamic of our craft. Although drafting our own designs is not always the norm…it is certainly a challenge that we can all attempt and feel so proud of! This is great information, and gets my mind and juices moving/flowing. š Keep treating us as if we are the smart and interested people that we really are!
4. Never thought of this before but it makes perfect sense! I agree with you Jinny. I like the 5 x5 patch also. Very interesting. Thank you!
6. Thank you, Jinny
You were my reason for starting quilting in the late 70’s. I love your fabrics and designs for quilts. This article will help me remember the golden ratio. Loved seeing your home and gardens on tv some years ago. Much success and happiness to you in the future.
Sincerely, Joyce
7. Jinny, you explain this so well. Thanks so much. I will await your blog.
8. A fascinating lesson. Thank you for sharing.
9. Thanks for this information. I found it fascinating.
10. wow how brilliant is this,you are so clever. I remember doing this in school cheers Trish
11. This is so facinating. How does the 1.618 relate to the Fibonicci numbers? They also repeat in math and nature. Also, garment proportions are discussed in fashion design and the suggested proportions are 1:1 or 1:2 or 2/5:3/5 or 1/3:2/3. The .618 is close to the 2/3 or the 3/5.
12. This reminds me of the first time we visited the Taj Mahal in India. I could see the tiny model from the plane and expected to see it from the taxi as we approached, but no. We wound through the tiny streets and finally reached the gated entrance, but not a sight of the beautiful tomb. As we got down from the taxi and entered the main gate, it suddenly loomed in front of us as if it had risen from the earth itself. That grand presentation had to be a mathematical calculation. NOW I know why your quilts are so beautiful; not just the color combinations, but the symmetry too.
13. How does this relate to fibanatchi numbers? (Prime) (leaves on branch?) (# of fronds…)
1. We will have more on this in future blogs.
14. As a retired math teacher of over 45 years I love that the Golden Ratio has made its way into quilting.
15. Aha! so says the newbie. I auditioned a border around a block that cut the middle of the secondary pattern using a strip in the stash, thinking I was just looking for the right color and it didn’t appeal. I bet the reason I didn’t like it was the ratio was off and I didn’t even see the colors. Thx
16. Fascinating! I now understand the Golden Triangle properly instead of it being rather fuzzy in my mind!
Thank you!!
17. I’m a visual learner by nature, and you have broken this lesson down into something I (we) can easily relate to and understand. Look forward to looking at borders and how to determine a pleasing size.
Thank you for sharing….
18. Printed this and put copy in mym’Stitchin’ Niotebook. What a keeper!
19. This was wonderful!!! Thank you for taking the time to share this.
Questions:
How is the Golden Mean related to the Fibonacci series?
How is the Golden Mean related to the Rule of Thirds?
1. We will have more on this in future blogs.
1. I’m really looking forward to that. I love learning this kind of stuff!
Anne
20. I remember you teaching us about this in a class many years ago. You told of how you had to lecture at a math conference, and you were a little unsure how you would relate quilting to math.
I remember being absolutely stunned when you told us this, and gave us the formula, (I still have the paper, and show it to anyone who will sit still long enough to digest it.) I told my husband about it immediately on the way home. (He was an engineer, in the nuclear power field) We went home and tested it out all over the place, and had so much fun doing it. Changed a few things in my house!
You are and have been since the 70’s my favorite designer, my absolutely favorite quilter, (especially love all your geometric quilts, summer lilly, crayon box, moon glow, and the latest facets). Love your new Batik Malam collection, and hope you keep it like your palette, and add more to it. You are also the best teacher I have ever had. I hand quilt all of my quilts now, and seem to get a lot more quilting done because of being able to take it anywhere.
Thank you so much, Jinny, for all you have done for me, and the quilting world. Mary
1. Thanks so much for those very kind words, Mary.
21. Dear Jinny,
What a beautiful instrument. When I am in the States beginning of Oktober 2014, I hope to buy one at your shop (perhaps more for my frineds also).
Thanks for your information. Dearest greetings.
Trijntje Yntema
22. Jinny,
Is the golden caliper for sale and if so at what price? I really look forward to your e-mails and newsletters I have learned so much from you. I hope you will be attending the Houston quilt show this year. I hope to see you there.
23. Thank you so much for pointing this out to me. Truthfully, I don’t think of proportions to this extent. I guess this shows I’m not a pro. It is a real eye opener for me and am looking forward to the future article regarding borders. Very enlightening. Happy Spring!
24. This is a great yet simpler way to achieve the 1/3 to 2/3 ratio we learned in photography/art classes. Some people can ‘see’ it better than others, but the math involved to achieve it is sometimes tiring. We know that 9 patch is so popular because of this rule and gives quilters a great jumpstart to achieving quick success. This caliper tool is genious and should be in every artist’s toolbox to help define their designs more balanced. Love this article.
25. Jinny, Thank you for explaining the golden rule. It truely makes sense and I look forward to using this information in future quilts.
26. Thank you Jinny, for the fascinating detail in your explanation.
Such a valuable lesson in design. I’ve often wondered why I like ‘what I like’ in quilt patterns and therefore want to develop knowledge/confidence in my choices in colour, balance, value, harmony, proportion, texture etc…
I’m looking forward to learning more from you as I want to design and make a quilt for my adult son š
28. Being “mathematically challenged,” I was awed and amazed by your knowledge and inventiveness. And all this on top of your incredible artistic creativeness. Am passing this on………. Thank you, Jinny
29. OMG FAN_____TAS_____TIC information. LOVE your site. It is like going to college!!!!!!!
30. WONDERFUL !! Now that John is no longer with me, I can do a lot of this kind o f stuff without his engineering help. THANKS for this info. What other goodies do you have for us ? This 82 yr old needs all the help I can get. You are one special terrific person. I am so happy that I came to know you so many, many years ago.
31. I applaud your knowledge of this topic and your clear explanation and pictures of the golden ratio!
32. My mind has been blown!!! Just moved this tool to the top of my must have list!! My biggest reason for not creating my own designs is a total lack of understanding of proportion!! I know there are pleasing proportions but never knew there was a way to achieve them. THANK YOU!!!
33. I have been searching for the proportions for the Golden rule, and came across your calipers which I have just ordered . I can’ t wait for them to arrive. Fantastic. I do like to take a scientific approach and research for a project. Thanks Jinny.
34. Thanks Jinny for sharing.
In our development we have many cards players and I have been asked to join their groups. When I say no thanks, they always say you know it is good for the brain.
I always respond with cards aren’t my thing, however I quilt, which is challenging enough.
35. Thank you Jinny. I never understood the math.
36. Hi Jinny,
I have two Golden Calipers – one is a small and the other, a medium/large. I always design my own quilt layouts and I use them religiously. They help me ensure my blocks, sashes and borders compliment each other so when the quilts are assembled, they’re always visually pleasing.
My Calipers are staple (must have) tools in my quilting studio and I wholeheartedly recommend to other fellow quilters, they add one to theirs.
37. Jinny,
I am working on a king sized quilt and need to put borders on it to make it the right size. To get a good balance should I first decide what the exact measurement I need, then use this golden rule to decide how to divide it? Also how large can the calipers get. Would I be able to use them to break up a large border in proper proportions? I love your fabrics and beautiful designs that you do.
1. Thank you for your question, I believe our post this week will help answer your question, can’t wait to see what you come up with!
38. What seems so simply still causes me to be unsure of my findings…I want to know how wide to make my inner border in proper proportion to my wider outer border.
1. Wendy–here’s a link to an earlier blog by Jinny which might help:http://jinnybeyer.com/blog/category/golden-ratio-2/page/2/
In it, Jinny explains the Golden Ratio:”the Golden Ratio mathematically is 1 to 1.618 or .618 to 1, that pleasing proportion we talked about earlier that we are drawn to in designs because it strikes us as being right. I developed the Golden Gauge Calipers because, though no one believes me, Iām really not fond of doing math. This is a handy tool that eliminates the math and lets you see the golden proportions in objects.”
The calipers do the math for you. In the Wings quilt, the first border is 3/4″ or .75″. Doing the math, .75 x 1.618 = 1.21 or about an inch and a quarter for the wider border. If you are starting with the wider border and want to figure out the inner border, multiply it by .618. | 3,225 | 13,904 | {"found_math": false, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 3.84375 | 4 | CC-MAIN-2023-23 | latest | en | 0.958135 |
https://marvelmath.com/product/subtraction-with-regrouping-using-money/ | 1,675,877,631,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500837.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20230208155417-20230208185417-00742.warc.gz | 402,887,605 | 42,431 | Save 10% on your first order with code EXTRA10
# Subtraction with Regrouping using Money
\$3.50
SKU: 2532751 Category:
## Description
This is my favorite way to teach subtraction with regrouping and subtracting across zeros. I have used this method for years and my students have been able to understand the concept of regrouping and decomposing tens and hundreds while having tons of fun! This resource includes the materials for a whole class introduction lesson and the materials for individual students to use while working in guided math groups or independently. Many students use this resource and master subtraction very quickly. Some of my struggling students take longer, but I allow them to use this system as long as they need. The amazing thing is that over time those students begin to visualize themselves trading bills at the bank when they solve problems without the system. This tool has truly helped me build confidence in struggling students.
I have included 2-digit subtraction templates and 3-digit subtraction templates in this resource.
Included:
-Ones, Tens & Hundreds Posters for classroom demonstration
-Regroup Shield with “give” and “get” wallets to attach on the back
-Decompose & Bank Teller Shields to use in place of regroup shield so that you can customize the resource with the vocabulary you want to use
-Mini shields to remind students of the vocabulary you want them to use while explaining their process
-Sheet of one dollar bills
-Sheet of ten dollar bills
-Sheet of hundred dollar bills
-Wallet template to hold money for the value of the starting number in the subtraction problem (2 versions: hundreds, tens & ones and tens & ones)
-Student workmat with a spot to place the wallet template and boxes for lining up the problem and answer
-“The Bank” to hold extra one, ten and hundred dollar bills for regrouping (this comes in another version with only tens and ones)
-Cover to create a “Take Home” kit for students to use with homework
This resource doesn’t include printables, but I use it with my \$1 Maze printables.
\$1 3-Digit Subtraction with Regrouping Maze Printables
\$1 Subtracting Across Zeros to 1,000 Maze Printables
SAVE and buy The Subtraction with Regrouping Bundle with this resource and both sets of Maze Printables for \$4.50! | 493 | 2,310 | {"found_math": false, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 2.84375 | 3 | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | longest | en | 0.899994 |
https://www.workerscompensationinsurance.com/forum/showthread.php?44323-PPD-Formula-in-Maryland | 1,516,432,177,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-05/segments/1516084889473.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20180120063253-20180120083253-00559.warc.gz | 1,014,979,047 | 15,767 | # Thread: PPD Formula in Maryland
1. Junior Member
Join Date
Aug 2009
Posts
21
## PPD Formula in Maryland
Hello,
I've received my second PPD rating after more than 2 years and I'm finally filing my issues for permanency. Att Dr says 50% and ER's says 30% disability to shoulder. When talking to my Dr, he explained the PPD formula in Maryland and I wanted be sure it's correct. Basically, it's PPD rating x 500 weeks for shoulder x 2/3 of average weekly wage. Is this correct? I've been trying to get an answer from my ATT since yesterday but we know how that goes... I know the judge usually meets somewhere in the middle of the ratings, but I wanted to play with some numbers and need to be sure I have the right formula. As a quick example:
Average Weekly Wage of \$1000 a week
PPD rating of 40% to shoulder
500 Weeks of disability to shoulder "non scheduled member"
2/3 Average weekly wage \$667
500 weeks x .40 (40% rating)=200 weeks
\$667 x 200 weeks = \$133,400
Thanks for any corrections or additional info.
2. SH.
Senior Member
Join Date
Mar 2011
Posts
291
## Re: PPD Formula Maryland
it's much less.
your weekly rate is subject to a maximum amount depending on your date of injury and the number of ppd weeks.
for a 2010 injury the max is \$307/wk
read the rate calculation rules for permanent partial disability:
Last edited by SH.; 04-28-2011 at 12:08 PM.
3. Junior Member
Join Date
Aug 2009
Posts
21
## Re: PPD Formula Maryland
SH- Thank you for that link. I had read something about the limit before but wasn't sure about the rules in 09', which is when my injury took place. The max is only \$308 a week!! It seems like that 50% rating is the magic number that dictates a large FAIR indemnity award or a relatively small one considering the injury and loss of income. My Dr has already given my that 50% rating. Hopefully the commissioner will be kind considering my age, plus the fact that I have another re-tear in rototor cuff after 2 surgeries that can't be corrected without a total reconstruction and my career is over. I guess we'll see... I obviously will need future medical treatment so hopefully I can get another \$7-\$10k for future medical. I'm ready to completely settle this claim with a C & R, it has been 2 years of hell.
4. Senior Member
Join Date
Feb 2007
Location
Calif
Posts
17,948
## Re: PPD Formula Maryland
I obviously will need future medical treatment so hopefully I can get another \$7-\$10k for future medical. I'm ready to completely settle this claim with a C & R, it has been 2 years of hell.
There is no guarantee of a cash settlement.
And, it appears you are aware of your assuming liability for any further medical care if you C&R this claim.
That 7K to 10K will never cover the potential treatment you describe.
You aren't compensated for loss of your career, but the loss of earning capacity, or ability to compete in the open labor market.
Interesting discussion here http://www.ssa.gov/policy/docs/ssb/v...n4p16.html#mn9 Compensating Workers for Permanent Partial Disabilities
5. Junior Member
Join Date
Aug 2009
Posts
21
## Re: PPD Formula Maryland
Thanks for the article BvIA, it was interesting. I realize that a cash award is not guaranteed, I was just trying to figure out if the formula is right so I'll have a basic idea of what the end figure will be. It would be fantastic if I could get the 50% rating to hold but I doubt it will. I also realize what it means to sign a C & R. To me it's worth it to loose a few thousand dollars in the end and get it all at once just to be done with the process. The money for future medical is just icing on the cake since I can have my shoulder repaired through other means when it's time.
6. Senior Member
Join Date
Feb 2007
Location
Calif
Posts
17,948
## Re: PPD Formula Maryland
The money for future medical is just icing on the cake since I can have my shoulder repaired through other means when it's time.
Maybe you have misunderstood, or been misinformed... you cannot use your own health coverage to treat a work injury.
If you take money for future medical reimbursement, then allow another party to pay for treatment, it would be double dipping, and potentially a intent to commit fraud against an insurance company, a felony in most states.
If you read any EOC/Evidence Of Coverage provisions in a health ins policy you will find industrial/occupational injury or illness expressly exempt from coverage.
This all goes to liability for the injury, which is held by your ER, or WC carrier. When you take the money, you are agreeing to accept full liability for any additional treatment you may require for this injury.
If you think you can use another GHP/Group Health Plan, or private pay coverage...or even Medicare or VA TriCare... you best get this in writing... cuz it aint gonna happen.
7. Junior Member
Join Date
Aug 2009
Posts
21
## Re: PPD Formula Maryland
I am very aware of what you're saying but there are ways around everything including double dipping. I'm not going to get into a legal and ethical debate, but I will say that when it comes time to fix my shoulder again, an insurance company will be paying for it and it won't be my ER's.
8. Senior Member
Join Date
Feb 2007
Location
Calif
Posts
17,948
## Re: PPD Formula Maryland
Well... lets us know what jail you may be in... cuz you could be facing some charges.
OR, the IC you shift liability can and will come after you for reimbursement... what you are talking about is theft and felony in most states.
Good luck...
It's nice to know there are still people out there with such a sense of self entitlement...
9. Junior Member
Join Date
Jul 2010
Posts
20
## Re: PPD Formula Maryland
I have a question my lawyer told me that I cannot get Permanent Total Disability because I didn't finish Voc Rehab?? I have already been awarded SSDI for my work injury . So I don't understand this?? Can someone explain this to me??
10. Senior Member
Join Date
Feb 2007
Location
Calif
Posts
17,948
## Re: PPD Formula Maryland
You have to cooperate with the comp system no matter what the rules are... and failing to do that can and usually will affect your eligibility for benefifs.
He has your file, knows the rules and can or should be able to provide the answer you are looking for...on the other hand...no one here has that information.
There are too many variables in a WC claim to give you specific reasons for any particular action.
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Find a Lawyer | 1,578 | 6,599 | {"found_math": false, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 2.671875 | 3 | CC-MAIN-2018-05 | latest | en | 0.960235 |
http://oeis.org/A143447 | 1,511,360,710,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-47/segments/1510934806609.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20171122141600-20171122161600-00448.warc.gz | 220,104,502 | 4,498 | This site is supported by donations to The OEIS Foundation.
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A143447 Expansion of 1/(x^k*(1-x-2*x^(k+1))) for k=4. 3
1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 17, 27, 41, 59, 81, 115, 169, 251, 369, 531, 761, 1099, 1601, 2339, 3401, 4923, 7121, 10323, 15001, 21803, 31649, 45891, 66537, 96539, 140145, 203443, 295225, 428299, 621377, 901667, 1308553, 1899003, 2755601, 3998355, 5801689, 8418795 (list; graph; refs; listen; history; text; internal format)
OFFSET 0,2 COMMENTS a(n) is also the number of length n ternary words with at least 4 0-digits between any other digits. The compositions of n in which each natural number is colored by one of p different colors are called p-colored compositions of n. For n>=9, 3*a(n-9) equals the number of 3-colored compositions of n with all parts >=5, such that no adjacent parts have the same color. - Milan Janjic, Nov 27 2011 LINKS Alois P. Heinz, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..1000 Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (1,0,0,0,2). FORMULA G.f.: 1/(x^4*(1-x-2*x^5)). G.f.: Q(0)/(2*x^4) -1/x -1/x^2 -1/x^3 -1/x^4, where Q(k) = 1 + 1/(1 - x*(2*k+1 + 2*x^4)/( x*(2*k+2 + 2*x^4) + 1/Q(k+1) )); (continued fraction). - Sergei N. Gladkovskii, Aug 29 2013 a(n) = 2n+1 if n<=5, else a(n) = a(n-1) + 2a(n-5). - Milan Janjic, Mar 09 2015 MAPLE a:= proc(k::nonnegint) local n, i, j; if k=0 then unapply(3^n, n) else unapply((Matrix(k+1, (i, j)-> if (i=j-1) or j=1 and i=1 then 1 elif j=1 and i=k+1 then 2 else 0 fi)^(n+k))[1, 1], n) fi end(4): seq(a(n), n=0..54); MATHEMATICA Series[1/(1-x-2*x^5), {x, 0, 54}] // CoefficientList[#, x]& // Drop[#, 4]& (* Jean-François Alcover, Feb 13 2014 *) CROSSREFS 4th column of A143453. Sequence in context: A201644 A064076 A050842 * A152484 A071643 A039578 Adjacent sequences: A143444 A143445 A143446 * A143448 A143449 A143450 KEYWORD nonn AUTHOR Alois P. Heinz, Aug 16 2008 STATUS approved
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The OEIS Community | Maintained by The OEIS Foundation Inc. | 894 | 2,404 | {"found_math": false, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 3.34375 | 3 | CC-MAIN-2017-47 | longest | en | 0.643219 |
http://www.javaprogrammingforums.com/%20whats-wrong-my-code/18641-gravity-2d-game-printingthethread.html | 1,524,222,229,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-17/segments/1524125937440.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20180420100911-20180420120911-00570.warc.gz | 455,384,112 | 2,377 | # gravity in 2d game
• October 22nd, 2012, 10:08 PM
hwoarang69
gravity in 2d game
when user hit up key, jump get set to true and when user let go of up key jump get set to false.
gravity = 2
velocity = 20
y = y postion of my player
problem:
1st - if i hold up key my player go up 20 pics, but when i keep on going down for ever.
2nd - if i hit up key and let go, then hit up key and let go, and so on ..... it keep on going up for ever.
Code :
```while(true){ if(jump == true){ velocity -= gravity; y -= velocity; } else if(jump == false){ velocity = 20; } }```
problem #2 is bc i am seting velocity = 20 in else if. to fix this problem i can just del the statment.
problem #1 is really hard and i cant find a good sloution for it. may be if i have a test inside of
Code :
` if(jump == true){`
• October 23rd, 2012, 07:40 AM
KevinWorkman
Re: gravity in 2d game
And what happened when you tried that?
By the way, putting your game logic inside an infinite loop like that probably isn't a good idea. It's better to use a Timer. | 312 | 1,033 | {"found_math": false, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 2.75 | 3 | CC-MAIN-2018-17 | latest | en | 0.911049 |
http://mathhelpforum.com/algebra/46739-find-zeros-y-3x-x-2-5-3x-1-a.html | 1,529,874,328,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-26/segments/1529267867055.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20180624195735-20180624215735-00424.warc.gz | 212,845,946 | 9,623 | # Thread: find zeros for y=(3x/(x+2)) + (5/(3x -1))
1. ## find zeros for y=(3x/(x+2)) + (5/(3x -1))
find zeros for y=(3x/(x+2)) + (5/(3x -1))
how would i go about doing this?
i set y=0 and got 0=9x^2 +2x +10/3x^2 -7x -2
if this is right i'm not sure what to do from here
thanks
2. $\displaystyle \frac{3x}{x+2} + \frac{5}{3x-1} = 0$
$\displaystyle \frac{3x}{x+2} = \frac{-5}{3x-1}$
$\displaystyle (3x)(3x-1) = (-5)(x+2)$
$\displaystyle 9x^2 + 2x + 10 = 0$
since $\displaystyle b^2-4ac < 0$, there are no real zeros, i.e no solutions.
3. Originally Posted by apm
find zeros for y=(3x/(x+2)) + (5/(3x -1))
how would i go about doing this?
i set y=0 and got 0=9x^2 +2x +10/3x^2 -7x -2
if this is right i'm not sure what to do from here
thanks
your denominator is wrong, it wont affect the problem though.
proceed by setting the numerator to zero and solving. as long as the denominator is not zero for the same values, those are the zeros of your function
EDIT: geez, I am so slow today! | 382 | 1,002 | {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 1, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 4.03125 | 4 | CC-MAIN-2018-26 | latest | en | 0.85012 |
https://socratic.org/questions/when-solving-x-2-4x-7-by-completing-the-square-what-value-is-added-to-both-sides | 1,726,695,470,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-38/segments/1725700651941.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20240918201359-20240918231359-00502.warc.gz | 494,440,859 | 5,955 | # When solving x^2 – 4x = –7 by completing the square what value is added to both sides of the equation?
Apr 29, 2015
What value needs to be added to ${x}^{2} - 4 x$
${\left(x + a\right)}^{2} = {x}^{2} + 2 a x + {a}^{2}$
We have $2 a x = - 4 x$
$\rightarrow a = - 2$
So ${a}^{2} = 4$
We need to add $4$ to ${x}^{2} - 4 x$ in order to complete the square. | 144 | 356 | {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 7, "mathjax_inline_tex": 1, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 1, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 4.25 | 4 | CC-MAIN-2024-38 | latest | en | 0.906316 |
http://roman-numerals.info/XXVII | 1,521,324,354,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257645362.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20180317214032-20180317234032-00205.warc.gz | 259,342,799 | 3,632 | Roman Numerals
# Roman Numerals: XXVII = 27
## Convert Roman Numerals
Arabic numerals:
Roman numerals:
Arabicnumerals 0 1 M C X I 2 MM CC XX II 3 MMM CCC XXX III 4 CD XL IV 5 D L V 6 DC LX VI 7 DCC LXX VII 8 DCCC LXXX VIII 9 CM XC IX
The converter lets you go from arabic to roman numerals and vice versa. Simply type in the number you would like to convert in the field you would like to convert from, and the number in the other format will appear in the other field. Due to the limitions of the roman number system you can only convert numbers from 1 to 3999.
To easily convert between roman and arabic numerals you can use the table above. The key is to handle one arabic digit at a time, and translate it to the right roman number, where zeroes become empty. Go ahead and use the converter and observe how the table shows the solution in realtime!
## Current date and time in Roman Numerals
2018-03-17 23:05:54 MMXVIII-III-XVII XXIII:V:LIV
Here is the current date and time written in roman numerals. Since the roman number system doesn't have a zero, the hour, minute, and second component of the timestamps sometimes become empty.
## The year 27
Here you can read more about what happened in the year 27.
## The number 27
The number 27 is divisble by 3 and 9 and can be prime factorized into 33.
27 as a binary number: 11011
27 as an octal number: 33
27 as a hexadecimal number: 1B
## Numbers close to XXVII
Below are the numbers XXIV through XXX, which are close to XXVII. The right column shows how each roman numeral adds up to the total.
24 = XXIV = 10 + 10 + 5 − 1 25 = XXV = 10 + 10 + 5 26 = XXVI = 10 + 10 + 5 + 1 27 = XXVII = 10 + 10 + 5 + 1 + 1 28 = XXVIII = 10 + 10 + 5 + 1 + 1 + 1 29 = XXIX = 10 + 10 + 10 − 1 30 = XXX = 10 + 10 + 10 | 543 | 1,770 | {"found_math": false, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 3.09375 | 3 | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | longest | en | 0.816065 |
http://oeis.org/A240890 | 1,580,292,827,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579251789055.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20200129071944-20200129101944-00538.warc.gz | 117,848,703 | 4,069 | The OEIS Foundation is supported by donations from users of the OEIS and by a grant from the Simons Foundation.
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A240890 Number of nX5 0..2 arrays with no element equal to a different number of vertical neighbors than horizontal neighbors, with new values 0..2 introduced in row major order 1
8, 116, 1485, 19065, 245268, 3146755, 40424861, 519218802, 6669141957, 85661208693, 1100266812500, 14132294288479, 181521187277681, 2331535718787322, 29947240904675409, 384655164983132569 (list; graph; refs; listen; history; text; internal format)
OFFSET 1,1 COMMENTS Column 5 of A240893 LINKS R. H. Hardin, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..210 FORMULA Empirical: a(n) = 16*a(n-1) -22*a(n-2) -276*a(n-3) +543*a(n-4) +1114*a(n-5) -24150*a(n-6) -6509*a(n-7) +197916*a(n-8) +80150*a(n-9) -592045*a(n-10) +4684412*a(n-11) +15106341*a(n-12) -17190009*a(n-13) -90244020*a(n-14) -91211136*a(n-15) -290130772*a(n-16) -407134336*a(n-17) +671095240*a(n-18) +2173631712*a(n-19) +6313455104*a(n-20) +12278947872*a(n-21) +8033752064*a(n-22) +6113760384*a(n-23) -31674604288*a(n-24) -122704805888*a(n-25) -110531544064*a(n-26) -270879311872*a(n-27) -593695940608*a(n-28) +82971942912*a(n-29) +283392655360*a(n-30) -69979668480*a(n-31) +3328745078784*a(n-32) +4282541146112*a(n-33) +2076075098112*a(n-34) +9789286383616*a(n-35) +7759030386688*a(n-36) +1140229931008*a(n-37) +7107835330560*a(n-38) -2054940524544*a(n-39) -10791105331200*a(n-40) -2076616687616*a(n-41) -14566381584384*a(n-42) -20598663151616*a(n-43) -2336462209024*a(n-44) -13056700579840*a(n-45) -3848290697216*a(n-46) +3298534883328*a(n-47) -4398046511104*a(n-48) EXAMPLE Some solutions for n=4 ..0..1..2..1..0....0..1..1..2..0....0..1..1..2..0....0..1..2..1..2 ..1..0..1..2..1....1..1..1..1..2....2..1..1..0..2....1..2..1..0..1 ..2..1..0..1..0....1..1..1..1..0....1..0..0..1..0....2..1..0..2..2 ..0..2..1..0..2....2..1..1..0..1....2..0..0..2..1....1..0..1..2..2 CROSSREFS Sequence in context: A156468 A293992 A220575 * A241105 A214695 A235338 Adjacent sequences: A240887 A240888 A240889 * A240891 A240892 A240893 KEYWORD nonn AUTHOR R. H. Hardin, Apr 14 2014 STATUS approved
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Last modified January 29 04:57 EST 2020. Contains 331335 sequences. (Running on oeis4.) | 1,024 | 2,523 | {"found_math": false, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 3.359375 | 3 | CC-MAIN-2020-05 | latest | en | 0.324255 |
https://numberdyslexia.com/tag/multiplication/ | 1,721,569,130,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-30/segments/1720763517701.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20240721121510-20240721151510-00434.warc.gz | 364,915,973 | 15,195 | ## Printable Multiplication Chart for Kids
Ever wondered how basic mathematical operations like multiplication make our lives easier? For example, while calculating the amount of several items of equal price or while knowing the total amount of money you require if you spend a fixed amount of money for some days and so on, the application of multiplication is everywhere. It … Read more
## DIY Easy Multiplication Craft
Multiplication is an important mathematical concept, and having a strong hold on it is necessary for handling complex mathematical operations. To begin with, every child must learn times tables to become proficient at multiplying numbers. The fact that multiplication tables are a classic example of rote learning; most of us have learned them through repetition. … Read more
## 5 Awesome Multiplication Activities For Curious Kindergarteners
The technique of learning has changed over the years. Children within the age group of 3-8 years have the best ability to grasp things easily. Kids need to be appropriately guided from the days of kindergarten. Therefore, their learning techniques need to be attractive so that they can learn while they play. Mathematics is an … Read more
## Dyscalculia And Multiplication: How to manage?
REVIEWED BY NUMBERDYSLEXIA’S EXPERT PANEL ON MARCH 21, 2022 Operations may be perceived to be the foundational building blocks of math. One among these, multiplication has a unique essence not only due to the area of its application but also due to the abilities it obligates the student to grasp it. This operation can be implemented for … Read more
## Free Printable Multiplication 0-12 Flashcards with pdf
Teaching math beginners multiplication facts can be an uphill task. The process becomes more tedious when the child displays limited memory retention capacities. All noted educators advocate the use of fun-filled or playful ways of teaching math operations like multiplication so as to boost the fact retrieval capacity of kids. Keeping with the expectations of … Read more
## Free Printable Multiplication 1-12 Worksheets [PDF]
One cannot continue to do finger math to find the sum of two or more numbers. It is a basic requirement to know and master multiplication operations. Though a basic requirement, not all students are comfortable with the idea of learning mathematical operations. For them, the math anxiety is for real and may send shivers … Read more
## Dice Games To Teach Multiplication Facts
It is now a well-established fact that dyscalculia is a reality! Children suffering from dyscalculia cannot identify numbers or operational signs like ‘+’, ‘-‘, ‘x’, etc. That is why educators advocate replacing pen-and-paper practice by performing an action using manipulatives to understand numeric relationships and operations. Besides Dyscalculics, beginners of numeric operations can also get … Read more
## 7 Board Games to improve fluency in Multiplication
Please Note: This post may contain affiliate links. Please read my disclosure (link) for more info. Multiplication is a skill expected to be well-developed in a student from grade 3 onwards. This arithmetic operation speeds up counting the objects by grouping them instead of counting them individually. Though meant to simplify things, the operation ends up giving … Read more
## Number Sense Strategies & Activities for Multiplication Beginners
Fluency and flexibility with numbers is the simplest way to define number sense (Berch, 1998). Students need to grasp the numbers not only by their looks or sounds but in terms of what they imply. To impart learning of the corresponding value of numbers, helping to find relationships between them, understanding number patterns, and moving … Read more
## 5 cool math manipulatives for multiplication
Please Note: This post may contain affiliate links. Please read my disclosure (link) for more info. Multiplication is one topic that the more versed you get with, the faster your calculations skills will become. Whether you are in school, college, or university, multiplication skills are needed almost everywhere, even in real-life applications. Students opting for competitive exams … Read more | 824 | 4,200 | {"found_math": false, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 2.796875 | 3 | CC-MAIN-2024-30 | latest | en | 0.903833 |
https://www.r-bloggers.com/2021/03/higher-order-targeted-maximum-likelihood-estimation/ | 1,627,920,594,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-31/segments/1627046154321.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20210802141221-20210802171221-00551.warc.gz | 999,687,470 | 30,946 | [This article was first published on YoungStatS, and kindly contributed to R-bloggers]. (You can report issue about the content on this page here)
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Summary
We propose a higher order targeted maximum likelihood estimation (TMLE) that only relies on a sequentially and recursively defined set of data-adaptive fluctuations. Without the need to assume the often too stringent higher order pathwise differentiability, the method is practical for implementation and has the potential to be fully computerized.
# Background
## Targeted Maximum Likelihood Estimation (TMLE)
It has been particularly of interest for semiparametric theories and real world practices to make efficient and substitution-based estimation for target quantities that are functions of data distribution. TMLE (van der Laan and Rubin 2006; van der Laan and Rose 2011, 2018) provides a framework to construct such estimators and incorporates machine learning into efficient estimation and inference. Here we briefly review the regular first order TMLE.
Suppose that the true distribution $$P_0$$ lies in a statistical model $$\mathcal{M}$$. Start with an initial distribution estimator $$P_n^0$$. Given pathwise differentiability of the target $$\Psi(P)$$ at $$P$$ with a canonical gradient $$D^{(1)}_P$$, consider a least favorable path $$\{ \tilde P^{(1)}(P, \epsilon) \}$$ through $$P$$ at $$\epsilon=0$$, where scores at $$\epsilon=0$$ span the efficient influence curve (EIC) $$D_{P}^{(1)}$$. Define the TMLE update by maximizing the likelihood along the path, that is, $$\epsilon_n^{(1)} = \mathrm{argmin}_\epsilon P_n L(\tilde P^{(1)}(P_n^0, \epsilon) )$$, where $$L(P) = – \log p$$. The resulted TMLE update is $$P_n^* = \tilde P_n^{(1)} (P_n^0) = \tilde P_n^{(1)} (P_n^0, \epsilon_n^{(1)})$$.
Define $$R^{(1)}(P, P_0) = \Psi(P) – \Psi(P_0) + P_0 D_P^{(1)}$$ as the exact remainder. Then the TMLE satisfies $$P_n D_{P_n^*}^{(1)}\approx 0$$ and the following exact expansion $\Psi(P_n^*) – \Psi(P_0) = R^{(1)}(P_n^*, P_0) – P_0 D_{P_n^*}^{(1)} = (P_n – P_0) D_{P_0}^{(1)} + (P_n – P_0) (D_{P_n^*}^{(1)} – D_{P_0}^{(1)}) – P_n D^{(1)}_{P_n^*} + R^{(1)}(P_n^*, P_0).$ Asymptotic efficiency for $$P_n^*$$ requires:
1. $$\{D_{P}^{(1)}: P\in\mathcal{M}\}$$ is a $$P_0$$-Donsker class (often satisfied, or skipped with sample splitting),
2. Solving the equation $$P_n D^{(1)}_{P_n^*}=0$$ exactly or to an $$o_P(n^{-1/2})$$ term,
3. $$R^{(1)}(P_n^*, P_0)$$ being exactly zero or up to an $$o_P(n^{-1/2})$$ term.
$$R^{(1)}(P, P_0)$$ is often a second order difference in $$p$$ and $$p_0$$. For example, when it consists of cross products, doubly or multiply robustness may exist.
## Highly Adaptive Lasso (HAL)
HAL (van der Laan 2015, 2017; Benkeser and van ver Laan 2016) is a nonparametric maximum likelihood estimator that converges in Kullback-Leibler dissimilarity at a minimal rate of $$n^{-2/3}(\log~n)^d$$, even when the parameter space only assumes cadlag and finite variation norms. This generally bounds the exact remainder, and immediately makes the TMLE that uses HAL as an initial asymptotically efficient. However, in finite samples, the second order remainder can still dominate the sampling distribution.
Another important property of HAL is itself being a nonparametric MLE, so it can solve a large class of score equations to best approximates the desired score via increasing the $$L_1$$-norm of the HAL-MLE (called undersmoothing) (M. J. van der Laan, Benkeser, and Cai 2019a, 2019b).
# Higher Order Fluctuations with HAL-MLE
Replace $$P_n^0$$ in the first order TMLE by a TMLE $$\tilde P^{(2)}_n(P_n^0)$$ of $$\Psi_n^{(1)}(P_0) = \Psi(\tilde P^{(1)}_n(P_0)) = \Psi(\tilde P^{(1)}(P_0, \epsilon_n^{(1)}(P_0)))$$, which is a data-adaptive fluctuation of the original target parameter $$\Psi(P_0)$$. Then the final update of a second order TMLE, $$\tilde P^{(1)}_n \tilde P^{(2)}_n(P_n^0)$$, is just a first order TMLE that uses as the initial estimator a $$\tilde P^{(2)}(P_n^0)$$ that is fully tailored for $$\Psi_n^{(1)}(P_0)$$.
Figure 1: Left panel: regular TMLE. Right panel: second order TMLE. The horizontal axes represent the original target. The vertical axis represents the data-adaptive fluctuation. The second order TMLE searches for a better initial estimator for a regular TMLE.
Similarly if we iterate this process, and let $$\tilde P^{(k+1)}_n(P_n^0)$$ be a regular TMLE tailored for a higher order fluctuation $$\Psi_n^{(k)}(P_0) = \Psi^{(k-1)}_n(\tilde P^{(k)}_n(P_0))=\Psi(\tilde P^{(1)}_n \tilde P^{(2)}_n\cdots \tilde P^{(k)}_n(P_n^0))$$ for $$k=1, \ldots$$, then the final update of a $$k+1$$-th order TMLE is $$\tilde P^{(1)}_n \tilde P^{(2)}_n\cdots \tilde P^{(k+1)}_n(P_n^0)$$.
The second order TMLE relies on pathwise differentiability of $$\Psi_n^{(1)}$$. However, $$\Psi_n^{(1)}(P) = \Psi(\tilde P^{(1)}_n(P)) = \Psi(\tilde P^{(1)}(P, \epsilon_n^{(1)}(P)))$$is smooth in $$P$$ up till the dependence of $$\epsilon_n^{(1)}(P) = \mathrm{argmax}_\epsilon P_n \log \tilde p_n^{(1)}(p, \epsilon)$$ on $$P$$, because $$P_n$$ is not absolutely continuous w.r.t. $$P$$ for most $$P$$ that can occur as an initial or a higher order TMLE-update. This calls for the use of smooth distribution estimators such as HAL-MLE $$\tilde{P}_n$$ in replacement of the empirical $$P_n$$, since $$d\tilde P_n/dP$$ will exist for all $$P$$ that can occur as an initial or higher order updates, which ensures pathwise differentiability of $$\Psi^{(1)}_n(P_0)$$ and the existence of its canonical gradient $$D^{(2)}_{n, P}$$.
In general, suppose that $$\{\tilde P^{(k)}_n(P, \epsilon)\}$$ is a least favorable path through $$P$$ at $$\epsilon=0$$, whose scores at $$\epsilon=0$$ span $$D^{(k)}_{n, P}$$. And the update step is also replaced by optimizing the $$\tilde P_n$$-regularized loss, that is, $$\epsilon_n^{(k)} = \mathrm{argmin}_\epsilon \tilde P_n L(\tilde P^{(k)}(P_n^0, \epsilon) )$$, which solves $$\tilde P_n D^{(k)}_{n, P}=0$$ at $$P = \tilde P^{(k)}_n(P_n^0)= \tilde P^{(k)}_n(P_n^0, \epsilon_n^{(k)})$$.
A $$k+1$$-th order TMLE by its design searches for a better initial estimator given the $$k$$-th order TMLE. Specifically, the $$k+1$$-th order TMLE moves in the same direction as the steepest descent algorithm for minimizing the $$k$$-th exact total remainder that is the discrepancy between $$\Psi(\tilde P^{(1)}_n \tilde P^{(2)}_n\cdots \tilde P^{(k)}_n(P)) – \Psi(\tilde P^{(1)}_n \tilde P^{(2)}_n\cdots \tilde P^{(k)}_n(P_0))$$ and $$\tilde{P}_n D^{(k)}_{n, P_0}$$. Moreover, compared to an oracle steepest descent algorithm, TMLE stops the moment the log-likelihood is not improving anymore, which corresponds exactly to when the TMLE cannot know in what direction a steepest descent algorithm would go. This avoids potential overfitting and ensures a local minimum in close neighborhood of the desired (but unknown) minimum $$P_0$$.
# Exact Expansions of Higher Order TMLE
Denote the $$k$$-th exact remainder as the exact remainder of $$\tilde P^{(k)}_n(P)$$ for the fluctuation $$\Psi^{(k-1)}(P_0) = \Psi(\tilde P_n^{(1)}\cdots\tilde P_n^{(k-1)}(P_0))$$:
\begin{align*} R^{(k)}_n(\tilde P^{(k)}_n(P), P_0) = & \Psi^{(k-1)}(\tilde P^{(k)}_n(P)) – \Psi^{(k-1)}(P_0) + P_0 D^{(k)}_{n, \tilde P^{(k)}_n(P)} \\ = & \Psi(\tilde P^{(1)}\cdots\tilde P^{(k)}_n(P)) – \Psi(\tilde P^{(1)}\cdots\tilde P^{(k-1)}(P_0)) + P_0 D^{(k)}_{n, \tilde P^{(k)}_n(P)}. \end{align*}
Then we have the exact expansion for the $$k$$-th order TMLE,
\begin{align*} \Psi(\tilde P^{(1)}_n\cdots\tilde P^{(k)}_n(P)) – \Psi(P_0) = & \sum_{j=1}^{k-1} (P_n-P_0)D^{(j)}_{n, \tilde P^{(j)}_n(P_0)} + R^{(j)}_n(\tilde P_n^{(j)}(P_0), P_0) \\ & + (P_n-P_0)D^{(k)}_{n, \tilde P^{(k)}_n}(P_n^0) + R^{(k)}_n(\tilde P_n^{(k)}(P_n^0), P_0) \\ & – \sum_{j=1}^{k-1} P_n D^{(j)}_{n, \tilde P^{(j)}_n(P_0)} – P_n D^{(k)}_{n, \tilde P^{(k)}_n(P_n^0)}, \end{align*}
which still holds if we replace $$P_n$$ with $$\tilde P_n$$. This can be further derived as
\begin{align*} \Psi(\tilde P^{(1)}\cdots\tilde P^{(k)}_n(P)) – \Psi(P_0) =&\sum_{j=1}^{k}\left\{ (\tilde{P}_n-P_0)D^{(j)}_{n,\tilde{P}_n^{(j)}(P_0)}+R_n^{(j)}(\tilde{P}_n^{(j)}(P_0),P_0)\right\} \\ %&&+(P_n-P_0)D^{(k)}_{n,P_n^{(k)}(P_0)}\\ & +R_n^{(k)}(\tilde{P}_n^{(k)}(P_n^0),\tilde{P}_n)-R_n^{(k)}(\tilde{P}_n^{(k)}(P_0),\tilde{P}_n)\\ &-\sum_{j=1}^{k}\tilde{P}_n D^{(j)}_{n,\tilde{P}_n^{(j)}(P_0)}.\end{align*}
The followings can be shown:
1. $$(\tilde{P}_n-P_0)D^{(j)}_{n,\tilde{P}_n^{(j)}(P_0)}, j=1, \dots, k,$$ are generalized $$j$$-th order difference in $$P_0$$ and $$\tilde P_n$$, which resemble the performance of higher order $$U$$-statistics;
2. $$R_n^{(j)}(\tilde{P}_n^{(j)}(P_0),P_0) = O_P(n^{-1})$$ given $$(\tilde P_n – P_n) D_{n, P_0}^{(j)} = O_P(n^{-1/2})$$, which can be achieved by undersmothing HAL;
3. $$R_n^{(k)}(\tilde{P}_n^{(k)}(P),\tilde P_n)$$ is a generalized $$k+1$$-th order difference in $$P$$ and $$\tilde P_n$$, and hence $$R_n^{(k)}(\tilde{P}_n^{(k)}(P_n^0),\tilde P_n) – R_n^{(k)}(\tilde{P}_n^{(k)}(P_0),\tilde P_n)=o_P(n^{-1/2})$$ so long as $$\lVert \tilde p_n – p_0 \rVert = o_P(n^{1/2(k+1)})$$ and $$\lVert p_n^0 – p_0 \rVert = o_P(n^{1/2(k+1)})$$;
4. The last term can be exactly $$0$$ by defining $$\epsilon_n^{(j)}(P)$$ as a solution of the corresponding efficient score equation $$\tilde P_n D^{(j)}_{n, \tilde P^{(j)}_n(P, \epsilon)}=0$$.
# Higher Order Inference
For the sake of statistical inference, we will need that $$(\tilde P_n – P_n)D^{(1)}_{\tilde P_n^{(1)}(P_0)} = o_P(n^{-1/2})$$, and probably even $$(\tilde P_n – P_n)D^{(j)}_{\tilde P_n^{(j)}(P_0)} = o_P(n^{-1/2})$$ for $$j = 2, \dots, k$$. It can be shown that this essentially comes down to controlling $$(\tilde P_n – P_n) D^{(1)}_{P_0}$$, which again can be achieved by undersmoothing HAL.
Let $\bar D_n^k = \sum_{j=1}^k D^{(j)}_{n, \tilde P^{(j)}_n\cdots\tilde P^{(k)}_n(P_n^0)}$ which is an estimate of the influence curve $$\bar D_{n, P_0}^k = \sum_{j=1}^k D^{(j)}_{n, \tilde P^{(j)}_n(P_0)}$$. Note that for $$j>1$$ the terms are higher order differences, so that $$\bar D_n^k$$ will converge to the efficient influence curve $$D^{(1)}_{P_0}$$.
Let $\sigma_n^2 = \frac{1}{n}\sum_{i=1}^n \bar D_n^k(O_i)^2$ be the sample variance of this estimated influence curve. A corresponding 0.95 confidence interval is given by $\Psi(P^{(1)}_n\cdots\tilde P^{(k)}_n(P_n^0)) \pm 1.96 \sigma_n/n^{1/2}.$
# Simulation
The first example demonstrates the impact of second order TMLE steps during a process of estimating the average density. The exact total remainder $$\bar R^{(1)}(\tilde P_n^{(1)}(P), P_0)$$ of first order TMLE is controlled due to the second order updates $$P = P_n^0 \mapsto \tilde P_n^{(2)}(P_n^0)$$.
Below it plots the simulated bias and bias/SD ratio at $$n=500$$ when we increase the bias in the initial estimator $$P_n^0$$ by adding a bias mass to each of the support points of the empirical pmf. Second order TMLE provides improved accuracy in both estimation and inference over first order TMLE following likelihood guidance.
Lastly, we show an example of estimating average treatment effects (ATEs) while the initial estimator for propensity scores is $$n^{-1/4}$$-consistent while that for outcome models is not. The first order TMLE should have $$n^{1/2}$$-scaled bias that increases with $$n$$ while the second order TMLE has a $$n^{1/2}$$-bias that should be constant in $$n$$. The table below shows that the second order TMLE has a negligible bias and thereby still provides valid inference.
n bias 1-st bias 2-nd se 1-st se 2-nd mse 1-st mse 2-nd
400 -0.720 0.078 0.815 1.175 1.087 1.178
750 -0.996 0.029 0.800 1.102 1.278 1.102
1000 -1.258 -0.062 0.786 1.066 1.483 1.068
1200 -1.345 0.022 0.809 1.028 1.570 1.028
1600 -1.549 -0.019 0.818 1.055 1.752 1.055
2500 -2.066 -0.094 0.819 0.999 2.222 1.003
# Discussions
Although HAL-MLE-based fluctuations are fundamental to higher order TMLE, the update steps in practice can be based on empirical losses. Note that the $$j-1$$-th fluctuation $$\Psi(\tilde P_n^{(1)}\cdots\tilde P_n^{(j-1)}(P_0))$$, $$j = 0, \dots, k-1$$, is nothing but a pathwise differentiable parameter with a known canonical gradient, $$D^{(j)}_{n, P}$$. For jointly targeting this sequence of $$k$$ parameters, one can solve the empirical $$P_n$$-regularized efficient score equations (where the scores still involve HAL-MLEs). As we showed in the technical report, this preserves the exact expansion and even leads to an improved undersmoothing term, and therefore is the recommended implementation. At $$k=1$$, this exactly coincides with the regular first order TMLE.
Figure 2: Jointly consider the sequence of data-adaptive fluctuations.
An important next step is the (automated) computation of the first and higher order canonical gradients with least squares regression or symmetric matrix inversion (van der Laan, Wang, and van der Laan 2021), thereby opening up the computation of higher order TMLEs with standard machinery, avoiding delicate analytics needed to determine closed forms.
# References
Benkeser, David, and Mark J van ver Laan. 2016. “The Highly Adaptive Lasso Estimator.” In 2016 Ieee International Conference on Data Science and Advanced Analytics (Dsaa), 689–96. IEEE.
van der Laan, Mark J. 2015. “A Generally Efficient Targeted Minimum Loss Based Estimator.”
———. 2017. “A Generally Efficient Targeted Minimum Loss Based Estimator Based on the Highly Adaptive Lasso.” The International Journal of Biostatistics 13 (2).
van der Laan, Mark J, David Benkeser, and Weixin Cai. 2019a. “Causal Inference Based on Undersmoothing the Highly Adaptive Lasso.”
———. 2019b. “Efficient Estimation of Pathwise Differentiable Target Parameters with the Undersmoothed Highly Adaptive Lasso.” arXiv Preprint arXiv:1908.05607.
van der Laan, Mark J, and Sherri Rose. 2011. Targeted Learning: Causal Inference for Observational and Experimental Data. Springer Science & Business Media.
———. 2018. Targeted Learning in Data Science. Springer.
van der Laan, Mark J, and Daniel Rubin. 2006. “Targeted Maximum Likelihood Learning.” The International Journal of Biostatistics 2 (1).
van der Laan, Mark J, Zeyi Wang, and Lars van der Laan. 2021. “Higher Order Targeted Maximum Likelihood Estimation.” arXiv Preprint arXiv:2101.06290.
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Get daily topic-wise Railway Quiz Questions and answers for various RRB exams like NTPC, JE, ALP, Group C and D. Free section-wise Indian railway quiz for RRB Exam.
Q1. Optical fiber works on which of the following principle of light?
(a) Reflection
(b) Refraction
(c) Diffraction
(d) Total internal reflection
Q2. Why does water tank appear shallower when viewed from the top?
(a) Due to reflection
(b) Due to refraction
(c) Due to diffraction
(d) Due to total internal reflection
Q3. Which colour is formed when Red and Green are mixed?
(a) Light blue
(b) Yellow
(c) White
(d) Grey
Q4. What is the SI unit of frequency?
(a) Newton
(b) Watt
(d) Hertz
Q5. Which one of the following is an insulator?
(a) Copper
(b) Wood
(c) Mercury
(d) Aluminium
Q6. Bubbles of air rise up through liquids due to:
(b) Viscosity and buoyancy
(c) Air current over the liquid and buoyancy
(d) Up thrust and surface tension
Q7. Which one of the following is an insulator?
(a) Copper
(b) Wood
(c) Mercury
(d) Aluminum
Q8. Formula for distance is –
(a) Speed x time
(b) Time / speed
(c) Speed x acceleration
(d) Velocity / speed
Q9. What is the fundamental unit of amount of a substance?
(a) Mole
(b) Candela
(c) Kelvin
(d) Meter
Q10. Arithmometer was invented by –
(a) Evangelista Torricelli
(b) Charles Xavier Thomas
(c) Edward Teller
(d) Charles Babbage
## Solution
Ans.1.(d)
Exp. Optical fibre work on the principle of Total Internal Reflection of Light. In optical fibre, when light traveling in an optically dense medium hits a boundary at a steep angle (larger than the critical angle for the boundary), the light is completely reflected. This is called total internal reflection.
Ans.2.(b)
Exp. Water Tank appears shallower when viewed from the top due to refraction of light. This virtual depth is known as apparent depth.
Ans.3.(b)
Exp. Yellow colour is formed when Red and Green are mixed.
Ans.4.(d)
Exp. The SI unit of frequency is the hertz (Hz), named after the German physicist Heinrich Hertz; one hertz means that an event repeats once per second.
Ans.5.(b)
Exp. Wood is a good insulator.
Ans.6.(b)
Exp. Bubbles of air rise up through liquids due to viscosity and buoyancy.
Ans.7.(b)
Exp. Wood is an insulator.
Ans.8.(a)
Exp. Distance=Speed × Time
Ans.9.(a)
Exp. The mole is the unit of measurement for amount of substance in the International System of Units (SI). The unit is defined as the amount or sample of a chemical substance that contains as many constitutive particles.
Ans.10.(b)
Exp. The Arithmometer was the first digital mechanical calculator strong enough and reliable enough to be used daily in an office environment. It was invented by Charles Xavier Thomas.
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To find the (x, y) coordinates of a point located at a distance s along the order n Hilbert curve, observe that the most significant two bits of the 2n-bit integer s determine which major quadrant the point is in. This is because the Hilbert curve of any order follows the overall pattern of the order 1 curve. If the most significant two bits of s are 00, the point is somewhere in the lower left quadrant, if 01 it is in the upper left quadrant, if 10 it is in the upper right quadrant, and if 11 it is in the lower right quadrant. Thus, the most significant two bits of s determine the most significant bits of the n-bit integers x and y, as follows:
Most significant two bits of s Most significant ...
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# Dale - Computer Science Illuminated 323 - 296 Chapter 9...
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Binary search Looking for an item in an already sorted list by eliminating large portions of the data on each compar- ison 296 Chapter 9 Abstract Data Types and Algorithms The binary search algorithm assumes that the items in the list being searched are sorted and either finds the item or eliminates half of the list with one comparison. Rather than looking for the item starting at the beginning of the list and moving forward sequentially, the algorithm begins at the middle of the list in a binary search. If the item for which we are searching is less than the item in the middle, we know that the item won’t be in the second half of the list. So we continue by searching the data in the first half of the list. Once again we examine the “middle” element (which is really the item 25% of the way into the list). If the item for which we are searching is greater than the item in the middle, continue searching between the middle and the end of the list. If the middle item is equal to the one for which you are searching, the search stops. The process
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Ask a homework question - tutors are online | 295 | 1,365 | {"found_math": false, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 3 | 3 | CC-MAIN-2017-51 | latest | en | 0.900724 |
http://www.jsoftware.com/jwiki/Essays/Base%20Spectrum?highlight=((OlegKobchenko)) | 1,386,893,254,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-48/segments/1386164758033/warc/CC-MAIN-20131204134558-00011-ip-10-33-133-15.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 401,237,815 | 4,294 | Base Spectrum is a working code name for a density plot of a base representation of a number or a sequence of numbers.
Base 2 spectrum may be called binary spectrum, e.g.
Binary spectrum of the natural sequence:
``` require 'viewmat trig plot'
viewmat |: #:i.128```
Sierpinski Triangle fractal (, ,.~)^:n ,1 is also a Binary Spectrum of the Sloane's A001317
It is defined as "Pascal's triangle mod 2 converted to decimal"
``` #. |.2|!/~i.16
1 3 5 15 17 51 85 255 257 771 1285 3855 4369 13107 21845 65535```
and can be obtained by recursive formula a(n+1) = a(n) XOR 2a(n)
` viewmat #:(~:/&.#:@, +:)^:(<32) 1`
Other binary spectra:
` viewmat |: #: *: i.128 NB. squares`
` viewmat |: #: %: i.128 NB. square roots`
` viewmat |: #: 2^. 1+i.128 NB. log2 x`
` viewmat |: #: ^. 1+i.128 NB. ln x`
` viewmat |: #: ^ 1r32*i.128 NB. exp x`
` viewmat |: #: cosh 1r32*i:128 NB. cosh x`
` viewmat |: #: sinh 1r32*i:128 NB. sinh x`
` viewmat |: #: tan 1r16*i.128 NB. tan x`
Base 3 spectrum may be called ternary spectrum.
Here is some derivations of ternary spectrum of the natural sequence.
` viewmat +./\|:1=(6#3)#:i.3^6 NB. Cantor comb`
` viewmat +/\|:1=(6#3)#:i.3^6 NB. Cantor city`
Same in 3D:
` 'wire;boxed 0;viewpoint 2 _1 1.2'plot +/\|:1=(6#3)#:i.3^6` | 494 | 1,335 | {"found_math": false, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 3.0625 | 3 | CC-MAIN-2013-48 | latest | en | 0.572403 |
https://www.enotes.com/homework-help/x-y-5-state-whether-each-equation-function-linear-481583 | 1,490,272,362,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-13/segments/1490218186895.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20170322212946-00062-ip-10-233-31-227.ec2.internal.warc.gz | 891,041,240 | 11,754 | # `x + y = 5` State whether each equation or function is linear. Write yes or no. If no, explain your resoning.
### Textbook Question
Chapter 2, 2.2 - Problem 15 - Glencoe Algebra 2 (1st Edition, McGraw-Hill Education).
See all solutions for this textbook.
hkj1385 | (Level 1) Assistant Educator
Posted on
Any function is called linear if the power of the unknown terms in the eqaution is 1.
Thus, the given equation x+y = 5 is linear because the power of the unknown terms x & y in the equation is 1.
msubulldog | High School Teacher | (Level 1) Adjunct Educator
Posted on
Any linear equation is of the form "y = mx + b". By subtracting x from each side of the given equation, we get "y = -x + 5", satisfying what is required.
Wiggin42 | Student, Undergraduate | (Level 2) Valedictorian
Posted on
Yes. This equation can be rewritten as y = 5 - x which clearly shows that y is the dependent variable and x is the independent variable. | 259 | 946 | {"found_math": false, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 3.515625 | 4 | CC-MAIN-2017-13 | longest | en | 0.891759 |
https://www.urbanpro.com/cbse-class-10-maths-real-numbers | 1,550,879,879,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-09/segments/1550249406966.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20190222220601-20190223002601-00020.warc.gz | 998,147,833 | 12,491 | # Free CBSE Class 10 Mathematics UNIT I: Number systems Real numbers Worksheets
Download free printable Real numbers Worksheets to practice. With thousands of questions available, you can generate as many Real numbers Worksheets as you want.
## Sample CBSE Class 10 Mathematics UNIT I: Number systems Real numbers Worksheet Questions
1.
1. Why is 7 x 11 x 13 + 7 a composite integer?
1.
7 x 144
2.
54 x 244
3.
12 x 7
4.
70 x 35
2.
Find the largest number which divides 245 and 2055 such that leaves reminder 5 and 7 respectively.
1.
10
2.
16
3.
15
4.
20
3.
If LCM and HCF of two numbers 45 and K is 180 and 15 then value of k is
1.
15
2.
50
3.
60
4.
10
4.
If m is a natural number , then unit digit in
6^m-5^m is
1.
0
2.
1
3.
2
4.
5
5.
√225 is a irrational number.
1. True 2. False
6.
Such two numbers are possible which LCM is 50 and HCF is 7.
1. True 2. False
7.
If 'm' is a positive prime number then √m
1.
Rational number
2.
Irrational number
3.
Integer
4.
None of these
8.
Product of two numbers is 1080 and their HCF is 30 then their LCM is
1.
5
2.
60
3.
16
4.
36
9.
If the ratio of two numbers is 3:5 and HCF is 4. Then there LCM is
1.
15
2.
60
3.
50
4.
Can't determine
10.
Choose the correct option: " + " is _______.
1. Binary operation on R 2. Not a binary operation on R 3. A binary operation in Q^c 4. Not a binary operation in E
## Find more Real numbers Worksheets
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Chapters & Subtopics | 585 | 2,174 | {"found_math": false, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 3.203125 | 3 | CC-MAIN-2019-09 | longest | en | 0.871047 |
http://chemicalstatistician.wordpress.com/tag/variance/ | 1,410,753,759,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-41/segments/1410657104119.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20140914011144-00323-ip-10-196-40-205.us-west-1.compute.internal.warc.gz | 48,147,633 | 21,638 | Mathematical and Applied Statistics Lesson of the Day – The Motivation and Intuition Behind Chebyshev’s Inequality
In 2 recent Statistics Lessons of the Day, I
Chebyshev’s inequality is just a special version of Markov’s inequality; thus, their motivations and intuitions are similar.
$P[|X - \mu| \geq k \sigma] \leq 1 \div k^2$
Markov’s inequality roughly says that a random variable $X$ is most frequently observed near its expected value, $\mu$. Remarkably, it quantifies just how often $X$ is far away from $\mu$. Chebyshev’s inequality goes one step further and quantifies that distance between $X$ and $\mu$ in terms of the number of standard deviations away from $\mu$. It roughly says that the probability of $X$ being $k$ standard deviations away from $\mu$ is at most $k^{-2}$. Notice that this upper bound decreases as $k$ increases – confirming our intuition that it is highly improbable for $X$ to be far away from $\mu$.
As with Markov’s inequality, Chebyshev’s inequality applies to any random variable $X$, as long as $E(X)$ and $V(X)$ are finite. (Markov’s inequality requires only $E(X)$ to be finite.) This is quite a marvelous result!
Mathematical Statistics Lesson of the Day – Chebyshev’s Inequality
The variance of a random variable $X$ is just an expected value of a function of $X$. Specifically,
$V(X) = E[(X - \mu)^2], \ \text{where} \ \mu = E(X)$.
Let’s substitute $(X - \mu)^2$ into Markov’s inequality and see what happens. For convenience and without loss of generality, I will replace the constant $c$ with another constant, $b^2$.
$\text{Let} \ b^2 = c, \ b > 0. \ \ \text{Then,}$
$P[(X - \mu)^2 \geq b^2] \leq E[(X - \mu)^2] \div b^2$
$P[ (X - \mu) \leq -b \ \ \text{or} \ \ (X - \mu) \geq b] \leq V(X) \div b^2$
$P[|X - \mu| \geq b] \leq V(X) \div b^2$
Now, let’s substitute $b$ with $k \sigma$, where $\sigma$ is the standard deviation of $X$. (I can make this substitution, because $\sigma$ is just another constant.)
$\text{Let} \ k \sigma = b. \ \ \text{Then,}$
$P[|X - \mu| \geq k \sigma] \leq V(X) \div k^2 \sigma^2$
$P[|X - \mu| \geq k \sigma] \leq 1 \div k^2$
This last inequality is known as Chebyshev’s inequality, and it is just a special version of Markov’s inequality. In a later Statistics Lesson of the Day, I will discuss the motivation and intuition behind it. (Hint: Read my earlier lesson on the motivation and intuition behind Markov’s inequality.)
Machine Learning Lesson of the Day – Overfitting and Underfitting
Overfitting occurs when a statistical model or machine learning algorithm captures the noise of the data. Intuitively, overfitting occurs when the model or the algorithm fits the data too well. Specifically, overfitting occurs if the model or algorithm shows low bias but high variance. Overfitting is often a result of an excessively complicated model, and it can be prevented by fitting multiple models and using validation or cross-validation to compare their predictive accuracies on test data.
Underfitting occurs when a statistical model or machine learning algorithm cannot capture the underlying trend of the data. Intuitively, underfitting occurs when the model or the algorithm does not fit the data well enough. Specifically, underfitting occurs if the model or algorithm shows low variance but high bias. Underfitting is often a result of an excessively simple model.
Both overfitting and underfitting lead to poor predictions on new data sets.
In my experience with statistics and machine learning, I don’t encounter underfitting very often. Data sets that are used for predictive modelling nowadays often come with too many predictors, not too few. Nonetheless, when building any model in machine learning for predictive modelling, use validation or cross-validation to assess predictive accuracy – whether you are trying to avoid overfitting or underfitting.
Applied Statistics Lesson of the Day – The Independent 2-Sample t-Test with Unequal Variances (Welch’s t-Test)
A common problem in statistics is determining whether or not the means of 2 populations are equal. The independent 2-sample t-test is a popular parametric method to answer this question. (In an earlier Statistics Lesson of the Day, I discussed how data collected from a completely randomized design with 1 binary factor can be analyzed by an independent 2-sample t-test. I also discussed its possible use in the discovery of argon.) I have learned 2 versions of the independent 2-sample t-test, and they differ on the variances of the 2 samples. The 2 possibilities are
• equal variances
• unequal variances
Most statistics textbooks that I have read elaborate at length about the independent 2-sample t-test with equal variances (also called Student’s t-test). However, the assumption of equal variances needs to be checked using the chi-squared test before proceeding with the Student’s t-test, yet this check does not seem to be universally done in practice. Furthermore, conducting one test based on the results of another can inflate the probability of committing a Type 1 error (Ruxton, 2006).
Some books give due attention to the independent 2-sample t-test with unequal variances (also called Welch’s t-test), but some barely mention its value, and others do not even mention it at all. I find this to be puzzling, because the assumption of equal variances is often violated in practice, and Welch’s t-test provides an easy solution to this problem. There is a seemingly intimidating but straightforward calculation to approximate the number of degrees of freedom for Welch’s t-test, and this calculation is automatically incorporated in most software, including R and SAS. Finally, Welch’s t-test removes the need to check for equal variances, and it is almost as powerful as Student’s t-test when the variances are equal (Ruxton, 2006).
For all of these reasons, I recommend Welch’s t-test when using the parametric approach to comparing the means of 2 populations.
Reference
Graeme D. Ruxton. “The unequal variance t-test is an underused alternative to Student’s t-test and the Mann–Whitney U test“. Behavioral Ecology (July/August 2006) 17 (4): 688-690 first published online May 17, 2006
Machine Learning Lesson of the Day – Cross-Validation
Validation is a good way to assess the predictive accuracy of a supervised learning algorithm, and the rule of thumb of using 70% of the data for training and 30% of the data for validation generally works well. However, what if the data set is not very large, and the small amount of data for training results in high sampling error? A good way to overcome this problem is K-fold cross-validation.
Cross-validation is best defined by describing its steps:
For each model under consideration,
1. Divide the data set into K partitions.
2. Designate the first partition as the validation set and designate the other partitions as the training set.
3. Use training set to train the algorithm.
4. Use the validation set to assess the predictive accuracy of the algorithm; the common measure of predictive accuracy is mean squared error.
5. Repeat Steps 2-4 for the second partition, third partition, … , the (K-1)th partition, and the Kth partition. (Essentially, rotate the designation of validation set through every partition.)
6. Calculate the average of the mean squared error from all K validations.
Compare the average mean squared errors of all models and pick the one with the smallest average mean squared error as the best model. Test all models on a separate data set (called the test set) to assess their predictive accuracies on new, fresh data.
If there are N data in the data set, and K = N, then this type of K-fold cross-validation has a special name: leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV).
There some trade-offs between a large and a small K. The estimator for the prediction error from a larger K results in
• less bias because of more data being used for training
• higher variance because of the higher similarity and lower diversity between the training sets
• slower computation because of more data being used for training
In The Elements of Statistical Learning (2009 Edition, Chapter 7, Page 241-243), Hastie, Tibshirani and Friedman recommend 5 or 10 for K.
Exploratory Data Analysis: Combining Histograms and Density Plots to Examine the Distribution of the Ozone Pollution Data from New York in R
Introduction
This is a follow-up post to my recent introduction of histograms. Previously, I presented the conceptual foundations of histograms and used a histogram to approximate the distribution of the “Ozone” data from the built-in data set “airquality” in R. Today, I will examine this distribution in more detail by overlaying the histogram with parametric and non-parametric kernel density plots. I will finally answer the question that I have asked (and hinted to answer) several times: Are the “Ozone” data normally distributed, or is another distribution more suitable?
Read the rest of this post to learn how to combine histograms with density curves like this above plot!
This is another post in my continuing series on exploratory data analysis (EDA). Previous posts in this series on EDA include
Exploratory Data Analysis: Conceptual Foundations of Empirical Cumulative Distribution Functions
Introduction
Continuing my recent series on exploratory data analysis (EDA), this post focuses on the conceptual foundations of empirical cumulative distribution functions (CDFs); in a separate post, I will show how to plot them in R. (Previous posts in this series include descriptive statistics, box plots, kernel density estimation, and violin plots.)
To give you a sense of what an empirical CDF looks like, here is an example created from 100 randomly generated numbers from the standard normal distribution. The ecdf() function in R was used to generate this plot; the entire code is provided at the end of this post, but read my next post for more detail on how to generate plots of empirical CDFs in R.
Read to rest of this post to learn what an empirical CDF is and how to produce the above plot! | 2,425 | 10,139 | {"found_math": true, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 37, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 4.15625 | 4 | CC-MAIN-2014-41 | longest | en | 0.770793 |
https://sciforums.com/threads/star-trek-transporter-possible.7514/ | 1,718,883,953,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-26/segments/1718198861940.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20240620105805-20240620135805-00233.warc.gz | 443,733,721 | 22,207 | # Star Trek transporter: Possible?
## Your opinion on Star Trek transporter.
• ### I expect it to be invented and used in the future.
• Total voters
38
#### Dinosaur
##### Rational Skeptic
Valued Senior Member
A letter to the editors of Scientific American has interested me in conducting an experiment in what intelligent people believe. Emotionally, it seems to me that intelligence is a defense against insanity and belief in nonsense. Intellectually, I am reluctantly forced to realize that intelligent people can be insane and can believe in nonsense.
I have great respect for the intelligence of most of you who post at this site, making me think that this is a great place to try this experiment.
I have enjoyed science fiction, fantasy, and occult fiction for most of my life. However, I always tried to draw the line between what might be possible in the future and what just ain’t gonna happen. The Star Trek Transporter and the Teleportation device in “The Fly” made wonderful fiction, but I never believed such devices were possible.
Do you believe that such a device is possible to some advanced technology?
The writer of the letter to SciAm pointed out that here are something like 1.000E24 atoms in a few grams of matter (1 followed by 24 zeros). Now a matter transporter would require scanning and recording the details of the object to be transported. Perhaps 100 basic machine language instructions per atom would be required. This is probably an underestimate for something as complex as a human being.
Say we want to teleport a human being weighing 70 kilograms (about 150 pounds) or 70,000 grams. At 1.00E24 atoms for a few grams, estimate 10,000*1.000E24 or 1.000E28 atoms. At 100 instructions per atom, this is 1.000E30 instructions. Now how fast do you expect computers to get?
Let us work the problem backwards for a while. Assume that future computers use a million CPU’s working in parallel. Now each computer needs to do 1.000E24 computations. If we want to get the job done in a year, the CPU would have to do about 3.17E16 instructions per second, or one instruction in 3.156E-17 seconds. This is the time it takes light to travel about 3.719E-7 inches. I just do not expect computers to get any where near that fast.
So, it seems that it would take more than a year to do the computer processing required to record the necessary data prior to teleporting a human being. The letter writer was more pessimistic, he estimated 22 million years for the computations. I also happen to be pessimistic about the possibility of building the device which uses this data to do the job, but that requires a more esoteric analysis. Just considering the processing time, it does not look possible.
Before reading the letter in SciAm, I was not a believer. I certainly am not one now.
How about the rest of you? Any believers in teleportation who changed their mind? Any who didn’t change their mind? How many never did believe it was possible?
The second vote is mine, Possible But Unlikely. Why do I think that? I am very reluctant to declare anything impossible. We simply don't know enough yet to say certain things are impossible.
Do I think we can be broken down into bits and shot about through magic sunbeams? No. If this stuff ever happens, I expect bodies will be destroyed at one end and rebuilt at the other end according to a plan generated at the transmitter end. Will personality survive this? No idea. But in any case I think the whole thing is unlikely.
converting matter into energy and back
who didn’t change their mind?
I didn't change my mind,...
I never 'believed',....I'm convinced that the latter is going to happen,...and if not by means of computations/sec than in an other way,...there are various ways of transporting or teleporting matter or bioenergy in my humble opinion,....
Thx
fukushi
Fukushi: Are you suggesting knowledge or experience with some occult nonsense like astral projection, telekinesis, whatever?
I think the problem here is thinking in too much of a linear way. Computers, as we know them, may not be the only answer to organizing enough data to send someone from one place to another instantly. You have to keep in mind that the technology we see and use now is not all that there is or ever will be, that there are things yet to be invented that a good deal of us cannot comprehend [at this time].
But, using computers, faster ones, you say that it is possible to transport a person, it would just take a year. There lies your answer. The technology isn't very realistic or useful if it takes a year to get somewhere (unless it may be a distant planet) but it is possible, and that is the bottom line.
It is possible. You just need a hysenberg compensator
It takes 400 megaquad of storage space also
I believe that transporter technology is possible and I expect it to be invented(whether it be tomorrow or 15 million years from now). I also think that current theory about transporting a human being is a litte off. You would have to send the matter to the reciever not send data or instructions on how to reconstruct the matter. Wouldn't that fall along the lines of cloning? We can all ready transport photons on a subspace level why not (in the future) be able to transport other types or forms of matter (a human being)? Be a little optimistic.
By the way you have a limited perception of the future of computers... but don't we all.
"Don't be so linear, Jean-Luc" as Q says.
You might want to look up Arthur C. Clarke's First Law.
explain it....
.....................................................................
I have read Michael's Crichtons "Timeline" .
tht and also my estimations of our progress made me to answer tht someday this technology will be invented.
(in tht book MC used the idea of multiverses, body shrinking to subatomic levels, and destruction of the original body in the process)
I plan to read that book.
Science fiction has a long history of becoming science fact. Everything humans wish they could do, they eventually find a way to do. Hundreds of years ago, they wouldn't have dreamed of what we are trying to do today. Even a hundred years ago, they never thought we'd be able to do the things we are trying now.
It may not be in our lifetimes, it may not be in the next generation's lifetime, but eventually we will find a way to do it. And it will be done. It doesn't even seem to be a question of "Is it possible?" because even things that we thought were impossible have turned out otherwise. Where there's a will, there's a way. We will prevail.
Scan, record, transfer and rebuild are very unlikey for a transporter to work like that. It just takes too much data to compute in a short time. However, I have a working transporter in my mind. It will be more like a space displacer, or a mini wormhole that connects two fixed points over a large distance.
Whatever the method, I'm confident that we will find a way to effectively teleport objects and eventually people.
I would never trust my being to be encoded like that. maybe rudimentary insect or plant life. I mean, what if there's .000000000001 ohms somewhere in the circut that aren't accounted for? if its too warm or cool out wires will have different resistances. A voltage difference might make the computer calculate slightly differently, or might generate enough "static" in teh lines carrying my information to seriously screw me up. I like my spleen like it is thanks. I don't need another one.
-IggDawg
read M. Crichtons "Timeline". There he talked about these kind of errors. Of course he's no science guru, but by observing tht other wild predictions by old time scifi writters (Jules Verne for instance) have come true I wouldn't reject his. There was mentioned smth like pattern errors. Like if there's an error your blood veins in one place of hand may not come together with other places. Immagine human body like a picture. You tear it to two halfs and then put together , only with 1cm to the right of one half. Transmission errors. You should always keep a backup of your body - laugh or not, but maybe these words in deep future will seem quite ordinary.
Originally posted by daktaklakpak
I have a working transporter in my mind. It will be more like a space displacer, or a mini wormhole that connects two fixed points over a large distance.
Great minds think alike. I am working on a project to manipulate gravity. But playing with hypercharge can have other benefits too. I think the same technology can be used to displace space and manipulate the matter within. As long as the space is contained in a scalar field - the matter within should be fine. But, instead of using high Tesla EM field that can harm living matter, I am thinking to create a dual field that counteracts the contents inside. If that fails, then back to drawing board for mini wormhole scenario....
Another way to do this is to just read the DNA and the memory of a person. Based on the DNA, you can create a duplicate atom by atom from the raw materials at the other side and download the memory. Our company has proposed a DNA to face recognition software to FBI. So in 40 years - who knows what we are capable of?
What company is this? | 2,019 | 9,238 | {"found_math": false, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 2.59375 | 3 | CC-MAIN-2024-26 | latest | en | 0.945735 |
https://www.jiskha.com/display.cgi?id=1345152082 | 1,516,759,696,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-05/segments/1516084892892.86/warc/CC-MAIN-20180124010853-20180124030853-00214.warc.gz | 948,780,171 | 4,506 | # Math
posted by .
What do the brackets mean in this problem?
a[(b-c)/d]-f
Am I suppose to times the answer of everything in the parenthesis by a?
• Math -
The brackets [] are superfluous if the formula is entered into an algebraic calculator or if calculated by someone who follows the rules of algebraic priorities (x and ÷ before + and -), and from left to right for operators of the same priority.
So
a[(b-c)/d]-f
is mathematically the same as
a(b-c)/d-f
But
x-3/x+2 is NOT the same as
(x-3)/(x+2)
In the second expression, the parentheses () force the subtraction and addition to be performed before the division. Without the parentheses, the mathematical meaning of the expression is then
x - (3/x) + 2
which is completely different.
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http://smartgeekproducts.cf/article5710-how-to-insert-square-symbol-in-excel-formula.html | 1,527,046,060,000,000,000 | text/html | crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-22/segments/1526794865411.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20180523024534-20180523044534-00569.warc.gz | 264,155,422 | 6,764 | how to insert square symbol in excel formula
# how to insert square symbol in excel formula
Thus, you can see how simple is to make degree symbol in Excel using CHAR function.Finally, click on Insert button. Now, the degree sign will be inserted in the Excel cell. You can copy-paste it, refer to it, or use it in formulas, or wherever you want. The most asked about one is how to insert the degree symbol.How do I create a week ending date formula for an How do I highlight duplicate rows in Excel withoutPrintable 2012 Superbowl Squares Spreadsheet. How do you type squared in Excel?? | WindowsBBS You know the little 2 you put next to a number ro show []14 Answers How to insert the square root symbol in Microsoft Word These functions are located with the Math Trig functions on the Ribbons Formulas [] How to insert tick in Excel using the CHAR function. Perhaps its not a conventional way to add a tick or cross symbol in Excel, but if you love working with formulas, it may become your favorite one. A one-stop reference for using Unicode character symbols in Excel. How to insert them and how to use them in drop-down lists, number formats, etc.Text Manipulation Formulas in Excel The Ultimate Guide. SUMIF and COUNTIF in Excel. Debt Payoff A Good Investment? Most of us know how to insert a symbol onto a Microsoft word document, but not on an Excel worksheet. This article can help change that for you!How to. Use Summation Formulas in Microsoft Excel. Excel 2010 makes it easy to enter symbols, such as foreign currency marks, as well as special characters, like trademark and copyright symbols, into cells.5Click Insert to insert the symbol or character. How to add the new symbol in excel (2010) calculations.the Rupee symbol is a relatively new character and may not be present in your current operating system. See this Wikipedia article for details. removing pound signs in excel [] How To Insert Special Character At Every Cell In Excel.
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I inserted the textbox using excel and assigned it a name, Im then trying to use vba to insert a string into it.I create equations with random numbers in VBA and for x squared put in x2. I read each square (or textbox) text into a string. It just places a square symbol in the place that enter should have been pressed and the text should have been split into separate lines.stone to kgs conversion can t open xlsx files vba collection contains betting formulas payroll calculation in excel sheet how to insert check mark in excel. You can use the SQRT formula thats built in to Excel to insert the square root calculation in an Excel formula.How to Get the Square Root Symbol in Word. Around The Home. 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How To: Type a bomb symbol in Microsoft Word. How To: Make an Excel PivotTable year category from text dates. Excel Formula.Special characters can be added in a similar way, you need to follow Insert > Symbol > Special Characters. See the image You can quickly create a simple list of symbols on an Excel worksheet by entering the following formula in cell A1, and then copying the formula down through row 255ADDITIONAL INFO. Follow How To Excel At Excel. InsertSymbol: You can also use the InsertSymbol menu item to add special characters to the contents in the formula bar.How is the square root symbol done in Excel? How do you put a squared symbol in Microsoft Word? In this tutorial, youll learn how to insert a cent symbol in Excel.It will automatically return the cent symbol as the result. You can also use this formula with other text strings or formulas to add the cent symbol to it. Keythman, Bryan. (2017, May 13). 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How To Insert A Square Root Symbol In Excel?Latest Questions. questionanswerhow to insert a squared symbol in excel? How to Insert a Checkmark Symbol in Excel. Any excel formula or vbasic macros solution is much To tell Microsoft Excel what type of operation you want toShortcuts to Insert Special Symbols in Excel Quickly Fill Multiple Cells with a Value or Formula Square Cells in Excel Home » Basic-Excel How do you quickly insert a Symbol?2) Copy the function down to cell A255 by clicking on the black square on the lower right hand corner of the cell and dragging downwards.4) To apply Excel symbols in formulas, select the desired cell, hold down ALT and enter in the code (for example Insert A Symbol In To A Formula - Excel.Black color format border shows square with all sides of square showing. Any thoughts on how to fix these few random cells. Last answer where (that should be a superscript 2) - you can get that by inserting a superscript 2 via insert symbol andHow to get formula for meters squared? How many 400 x 200 slates per metre squared?54 - How to calculate pencetage in excel? 60 - How can i square a wall with excel? an example of excel formula with nested functions 2007 math and trig 16 inserted how to insert mathematical symbols in creating type degree symbol shortcut examples using the operator formulas 2010 videoexcel equations image obtaining square root youtube function library allows you easily So, to calculate square root for this we can insert below formula into B1.[Bonus Tip] How to Add SQUARE Root Symbol in Excel. Proper tick in excel, click the. Questions microsoft. Put square. Pointer on how. Classnobr mar.Enter error weird. Insert symbol. Equals times, the. Specify as raising that.pour homme free online seized car auction free collage maker for facebook cover photo formula for volume of a rectangle in How To.Note: Different fonts provide different symbols. For example, if you want to insert check marks or bullets, you may be able to find them in the list of symbols supplied for the Wingdings font. You can square a number in Excel with the power function, which is represented by the carat symbol.For example, to insert the square of 5 into cell A1, type 52 into the cell.How can we improve it? Send. How to Insert Animated GIF Files in Excel2014-11-06How to Insert the Squared Symbol on an iPhone2013-11-16Microsoft Excel 2007 is more than rows and columns of data. Its powerful tools include formulas This copy has all of the design and formatting of the how to insert square symbol in excel sample, such as logos and tables, but you can modify it by entering content without alteringA how to write square symbol in excel template is a type of document that creates a copy of itself when you open it. Sammie, If you want it as a label (not for a formula) use: "Insert/Symbol" at the end of the table (in normal text) you will find caracter 221A that seems . To insert a Function, selec Make Complex Formulas for Conditional Formatting in Excel How to make complex formulas for conditional formatting rules in Excel. This will serve as a guide to help you buil How To Insert Diameter Symbol In Excel 2013 How To Do. Learn How To Calculate Square Root Using Long Division. All Available info > Microsoft Office Help > Microsoft Excel > How do I insert a square root symbol inIf you need the square root of a number, go sqrt(number). For the symbol go to Insert, thenSammie, If you want it as a label (not for a formula) use: "Insert/Symbol" at the end of the table (in How to use symbols in formulas - excel | 08/12/2015 You can easily insert a check mark symbol in your Word documents and Excel workbooks. The Wingdings font that most Microsoft Windows users have Make your business easy with excel. How to Type Degree Symbol in Excel.
by Richard on December 13, 2016.Hold down the ALT key and from the number pad 0176 to insert the symbol. Using Formula. Cannot Unhide A Hidden Row In Excel - Excel. How To Have Different Column Widths For The Same Column - Excel. Insert A Symbol In To A Formula - Excel.It just places a square symbol in the place that enter should have been pressed and the text should have been split into separate lines. | 2,416 | 11,175 | {"found_math": false, "script_math_tex": 0, "script_math_asciimath": 0, "math_annotations": 0, "math_alttext": 0, "mathml": 0, "mathjax_tag": 0, "mathjax_inline_tex": 0, "mathjax_display_tex": 0, "mathjax_asciimath": 0, "img_math": 0, "codecogs_latex": 0, "wp_latex": 0, "mimetex.cgi": 0, "/images/math/codecogs": 0, "mathtex.cgi": 0, "katex": 0, "math-container": 0, "wp-katex-eq": 0, "align": 0, "equation": 0, "x-ck12": 0, "texerror": 0} | 2.515625 | 3 | CC-MAIN-2018-22 | latest | en | 0.859843 |
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