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HRI-CORE-SSD-2020-fr-parsed
27. The Ministry of Education has introduced human rights education into schools by including it in the Strategic Plan for Education for 2017-2027 and in school curricula. The United Nations Mission in South Sudan (UNMISS) supports the implementation of the plan by organizing training workshops for teachers on basic hu...
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30. The country is supported by international partners in the promotion and protection of human rights, and most United Nations agencies working in the country have provided various national trainings on gender strategies and action plans to guide response activities.
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(a) The universal periodic review; (b) Initial report on the implementation of the Convention on the Rights of the Child the child; (c) The initial report on the implementation of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women; (d) The report on the Beijing Platform for Action.
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HRI-CORE-SUR-2014-fr-parsed
1. The western part of Guyana, of which Suriname is a part, was discovered at the end of the 15th century. The first inhabitants were Amerindians, now called indigenous. After the failure of several attempts to colonize by the English and French, the Dutch seized Suriname in 1667. The colony's plantation economy depend...
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3. The country, which is largely covered by rainforest, has an area of approximately 163,820 square kilometres. About 90 per cent of the population lives in the coastal region, 72 per cent in a radius of 30 km around Paramaribo. About 10 per cent of the population is found in the north-west region around Nieuw-Nickerie...
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4. The Surinamese population is made up of various ethnic groups who continue to speak their language and maintain the culture of their country of origin, which is perfectly free to do. Suriname is a miniature reproduction of the world, whose inhabitants identify themselves as follows: 148,443 Hindustanis (27.4 per cen...
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7. The mining industry, agriculture and manufacturing are still the most important sectors of the Surinamese economy. Since 2005, the mining sector has grown significantly as a result of rising prices in the world market. Suriname is the eighth largest producer of bauxite in the world. Gold, bauxite/aluminium and oil e...
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8. The informal sector in Suriname is relatively large, and according to estimates made by the Suriname Bureau of Statistics, the contribution of the informal sector to real GDP (at market prices) was around 17.5 per cent in 2008. Real GDP growth has been variable over the last three to five years, but on average it wa...
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9. The Central Bank of Suriname is Suriname's monetary authority and the country's governing body in the field of economic and monetary affairs. The main objective of the Bank Act is to promote the value and stability of Suriname's currency and to establish it as a supervisor of the banking and credit system, a task wh...
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11. The Ministry of Finance is responsible for the management of public revenue and expenditure, which ensures that Suriname's financial resources are used responsibly and efficiently by the State and Government, which is composed of the President, the Vice-President and 17 ministers responsible for policy formulation;...
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12. The Consumer Price Index is a measure of the average change in the price of a fixed basket (in terms of quality and quantity) of goods and services in the market. It is often referred to as the cost-of-living index. 8 Inflation increased from 10.3% in 2010 to 15.3% in 2011, but then declined to 4.3% in 2012.
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13. The creation of employment opportunities in Suriname continues to be a major challenge, especially for young people; the public sector is the main employer and accounts for some 40 per cent of formal employment; in the period 1996-2005 there was a slight increase in the economically active population; in the most p...
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16. The western part of Guyana, of which Suriname is a part, was discovered at the end of the 15th century. The first inhabitants were Amerindians, now called indigenous. After the failure of several attempts to colonize by the English and French, the Dutch seized Suriname in 1667. The colony's plantation economy depen...
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17. The percentage of women between the ages of 15 and 24 who are literate is 92 per cent, with considerable geographical disparities; the literacy rate is 96 per cent in urban areas and 80 per cent in rural areas.13 Overall, 76 per cent of children enrolled in the first year of primary school were enrolled in kinderga...
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19. The probability at birth of not exceeding the age of 40 has decreased from 9.07 per cent to 7.56 per cent between 2000 and 2008, and it should also be noted that the percentage of illiterate adults has decreased from 13.8 per cent to 8.1 per cent. The percentage of people who do not have a decent standard of living...
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20. The decline in the fertility rate and the significant decrease in the overall mortality rate have resulted in an increase in the life expectancy of the Surinamese population, which has led to changes in the age structure and causes of mortality and morbidity of the population.
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24. The infant and child mortality rate measures the likelihood that a child will die before reaching the age of five. This rate was about 23 per 1,000 live births until 2010, and has declined since 2011, from 24 in 2010 to 16.8 in 2012.
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25. The infant mortality rate measures the likelihood that a child will die before reaching the age of one. Since 2010, this rate has declined from 20.4 per 1,000 live births to 14.6 per 1,000 live births in 2012. In 2011 and 2012, infant and child mortality decreased.
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30. The judicial system is governed by the Law on the Organization and Composition of the Judicial Power of Suriname and consists of judges and prosecutors, according to which civil and criminal cases are dealt with by the cantonal courts and the High Court of Justice, except in cases where criminal jurisdiction is ass...
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37. The current Constitution of the Republic of Suriname, which contains 186 articles, was proclaimed in 1987 and was drafted in the period of the military regime and approved by referendum on 30 September 1987 and amended in 1992, which provides that the Republic of Suriname is a democratic State based on the sovereig...
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38. The legislative power is exercised jointly by the National Assembly and the Government, and the programme to be followed by the Government in political and socio-economic matters is submitted for approval at the national level.
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39. The National Assembly also supervises the activities of the Government in accordance with the Constitution and consists of 51 members, elected for five years on the basis of free elections, by secret ballot and according to the proportional representation. The first meeting of the National Assembly, which is to be ...
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42. The Surinamese law is divided into public and private law and is a codified system. The legal framework is essentially based on the Constitution and consists, inter alia, of public law, civil procedure, civil law, criminal law and criminal procedure. The hierarchy of laws and regulations in Suriname is as follows, ...
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43. The Constitution of the Republic of Suriname is the supreme law of the country and sets out and defines the powers of the main organs of the State; all other regulations and laws must be in conformity with the Constitution, failing which they are null and void.
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44. The preamble to the Constitution guarantees respect for the principles of freedom, equality and democracy, as well as respect for fundamental human rights and freedoms. Chapters V and VI define fundamental rights and freedoms, as well as the way in which they can be protected. Article 10 provides that "in the event...
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49. The human rights infrastructure of the Republic of Suriname has a legal and institutional component, the former comprising constitutional provisions, other national laws and international and regional treaty law, while the latter consists of public institutions, NGOs and international and regional human rights mech...
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51. The Organization of American States (OAS), the oldest regional organization in the world, was born in 1948 with the signing in Bogota of the OAS Charter, which entered into force in December 1951. This Charter was amended by the Buenos Aires Protocol, signed in 1967 and entered into force in February 1970, the Cart...
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53. The first Meeting of Ministers of Culture of the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States was held in 2013 in conjunction with the nineteenth Forum of Ministers of Culture and Cultural Policy-makers in Latin America and the Caribbean. Suriname is also a member of the Community of Latin American and Caribbea...
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55. The Group of Latin American and Caribbean Countries is a non-binding dialogue group composed of all Latin American and Caribbean countries, with the objective of reaching consensus on various topics of interest to the region, and Suriname is a member of the Group.
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56. The Union of South American Nations is an intergovernmental body based on the model of the European Union. Known as UNASUR, it is a forum for the leaders of member States to act together and serves as a platform for the promotion of interregional trade. Suriname chaired the organization in 2013 and 2014.
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70. The right to enjoy favourable working conditions in which safety and health are ensured, the right to remuneration for work, the prohibition of forced or compulsory labour, freedom of association, the rights of trade unions and entrepreneurs and the right to strike (arts. 24, 26, 27, 28, 29, 15, 30, 31, 32 and 33, ...
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71. The right to enjoy property without constraint and the prohibition of expropriation, except in the public interest, in accordance with the requirements of the law and in return for guaranteed compensation (art. 34); the protection of the family and the child and the right of working women to paid maternity leave (a...
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78. The State pays the costs of legal representation of these persons, and the Government has established a special unit under the Ministry of Justice and Police, the Legal Aid Section ( Afdeling Rechtszorg), which provides legal advice to persons who cannot afford to hire a lawyer, mainly dealing with civil matters (l...
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80. The Inter-American Court of Human Rights has four judgments against Suriname in the case of Aloeboetoe, the case of Gangaram Panday, the case of Moiwana and the case of Samaaka Los. With regard to the case of Moiwana, the State is currently developing specific legislation, as well as administrative and other measur...
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81. The Ministry of Justice and Police has established a human rights office, which, although not a national human rights institution within the meaning of the Paris Principles, is responsible for implementing human rights standards and implementing decisions of human rights bodies at the international and regional lev...
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82. The office is also responsible for legal aid in human rights cases in regional and international courts; the mother and child office is also the responsibility of the Ministry of Justice and Police, while the gender office is the responsibility of the Ministry of the Interior.
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91. The Republic of Suriname is bound by the principles enshrined in the Charter of the United Nations and in the charters of regional organizations and its policies are based on non-discrimination and the fight against racial discrimination.
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92. The country ' s Constitution is the framework for the national policy to combat racial discrimination, and Suriname has adopted laws to bring into practice the principle of non-discrimination and equality of nationals and foreigners before the law.
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99. The Nationality and Citizenship Act contains provisions on nationality, citizenship and naturalization; it does not distinguish between persons on the basis of their nationality but sets out the objective criteria that a person must meet in order to obtain Surinamese nationality; according to the Constitution, the ...
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103. The population of Suriname is multiracial and multi-denominational, and peaceful coexistence between different ethnic groups is therefore of great importance for the tranquillity of the country. The Penal Code contains provisions against behaviour that may lead to feelings of racial or religious hatred, which are ...
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HRI-CORE-SUR-2022-fr-parsed
1. The Republic of Suriname is the smallest sovereign State in South America and extends over an area of 163,830 km2. Suriname is located at the northern end of South America, between 2o and 6o north latitude and 54o and 58o west longitude. It is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the north, Guyana to the west, French G...
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6. The country is home to a rich mosaic of ethnic groups, each with its own history and culture. The interior population consists mainly of indigenous peoples and Marrons. The coastal area is populated by Suriname, of African descent, East Indian, Javanese and Chinese, and various other ethnic groups from all over the ...
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8. The majority of the population is concentrated along the coastal areas of the north, while the interior of the country has few inhabitants. About 65 per cent of the population live in urban areas, and more than half in and around Paramaribo, the capital. Thirty-five per cent of the population live in rural areas, in...
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12. The Surinamese population is composed of various ethnic groups who continue to speak their language and maintain the culture of the country of origin of their ancestors. The Surinamese people identify themselves as follows: 148,443 Hindus (27.4%); 84,933 Creoles (15.7%); 73,975 Javanais (13.7%); 117,567 Marrons (21...
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15. The crude birth rate is 16.93 for 2019: this means that there are about 17 live births per 1,000 inhabitants compared to the average population. The sex ratio of births was 105 in 2017, 105 in 2018 and 106.7 in 2019. According to empirical work, this ratio is usually between 102 and 107 5 .
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16. The gross mortality rate in Suriname was 6.61 in 2019. In other words, about 7 people died per 1,000 inhabitants compared to the average population. In 2017, the gross mortality rate was 6.02. The average and median age at death was 59.43 and 63.21 for men and 64.17 and 70.21 for women, respectively, in Suriname in...
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17. The average life expectancy at birth of men and women was 70.88 years and 75.63 years, respectively, in the period 2017-2019. Suriname has a value of 0.738 in the Human Development Index (HDI), which places it in the category of high human development, with 97 e out of 189 countries and territories. Between 2005 an...
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18. The total fertility rate was 2.23 in 2019. In other words, about 2 children were born per woman of childbearing age (15-44 years). The total fertility rate was 75.87 in 2019: 76 children were born per 1,000 women of childbearing age (15-44 years).
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19. The following table shows the distribution of households according to certain socio-demographic characteristics, including the gender and age of the head of household, the region, the area, the number of members of the household, the level of education of the head of household and ethnic origin. The average size of...
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28. The number of new HIV infections is estimated at 250 per year. If the HIV incidence rate declines, the prevalence of HIV among the population is increasing. In 2019, an estimated 5,800 people (between 4,600 and 6,900) were living with HIV in Suriname. 89 per cent of pregnant women living with HIV (between 77 and ov...
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30. The Ministry of Education, Science and Culture has embarked on a transformation of an education system and laws on education dating back to the period of Dutch domination in 1960, which envisages an increase in the duration of compulsory education for children from 4 to 16 years of age, which would include pre-prim...
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33. The drop-out rates are all 3% or less for primary education but tend to increase steadily for each year of lower secondary education. In the lower secondary education, drop-out rates ranged from 8% to 13% depending on the year, with the highest rate in Grade 4. In the upper secondary education, drop-out rates incre...
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34. The proportion of trained teachers remained high in pre-primary and primary education from 2010 to 2018; on the other hand, the proportion of trained teachers is not as high in lower secondary education, although having increased from 79% in 2010 to 87% in 2018. The proportion of trained teachers reaches its lowest...
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35. The number of trained teachers in secondary education is much lower, as there is a lack of teachers of higher education who are able to teach specialized subjects to students of higher education and teachers who are trained in specialized subjects, both of which are related and no educational policy has been develo...
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40. The following figures indicate the number of employees of private enterprises covered by a collective agreement: a collective agreement can only be concluded if a trade union is present in the company; of 39 private enterprises, a total of 13,215 employees, including 5,677 women and 7,101 men, are members of a coll...
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43. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) projects a negative annual GDP growth rate of -13.5 per cent, which is well below the positive growth rate of 2.5 per cent expected by the IMF prior to the outbreak of the pandemic. This is clearly a "VOCID effect" felt throughout the region. Civil servants were normally paid a...
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45. The Surinamese dollar is the national currency. However, the economy is highly dollarized. Inflation accelerated after 2012 to peak at the end of 2016, where the monthly maximum reached about 60% and the annual average 52.4 per cent, but fell to less than 6 per cent in 2018. The sharp devaluation of the Surinamese ...
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49. The most important agreement reached in 2019 was a US$ 196 million loan from the Chinese Import-Export Bank for an airport expansion project. The National Debt Act was revised to raise the debt ceiling from 60% to 95% of GDP.
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50. The total public debt (recorded) amounted to S$57 billion at the end of December 2020. The debt-to-GDP ratio reached 159 per cent of GDP in 2020. There are 225 outstanding loans (of which 169 are denominated in foreign currencies and 56 in Surinamese dollars) that were contracted between 2010 and July 2020.
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53. The Government has taken prompt steps to mitigate the adverse effects of the VOCID-19 pandemic on the population as a whole, in particular on low-income households and marginalized groups; the main measures have been taken through existing social assistance programmes.
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59. The Nationality and Residence Act (SB. 2014 No. 121) provides for objective criteria for obtaining Surinamese nationality. Suriname distinguishes between citizens and non-citizens, as set out in the Electoral Act. According to the Act, only citizens have the right to vote.
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60. The table below provides information on the rate of household equipment in information and communication technology (ICT) devices (radio, television, landline, mobile telephone and computer) and household access to the Internet.
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62. The President is elected by the National Assembly or the United People ' s Assembly, an enlarged body comprising the members of the National Assembly (51) and the elected members of the regional representative bodies, namely the District Council (106) and the Sub-District Council (737). The United People ' s Assemb...
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63. The Council of Ministers is the highest executive and administrative organ of the Government; its tasks are to formulate and implement the Government ' s policy, to prepare legislative acts and regulations, to supervise the implementation of decrees within its competence, and to provide guidance to administrative b...
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64. The hierarchy of norms in Suriname is as follows: international conventions, the Constitution of the Republic of Suriname, State laws, presidential resolutions, State decrees for the implementation of State laws and ministerial decrees for the implementation of State laws.
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65. The Constitution of the Republic of Suriname (S.B. 1987 No. 116, as last amended by S.B. 1992 No. 38), is the basic law of the country, which defines the general institutional framework for the formulation of laws. Surinamese law is a codified system of public and private law. Surinamese public and administrative l...
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66. The responsibility for the drafting of laws is vested in the relevant Ministry, which is reviewed by the Ministry of Justice and Police, which is primarily responsible for ensuring the quality of laws, and the other ministries concerned, and is to be approved by the Council of Ministers, the Council of State and th...
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67. The National Assembly promulgates laws and decides by a two-thirds majority whether to convene a United People ' s Assembly or a referendum when it deems it necessary. All laws adopted by the National Assembly and validated by the President of the Republic of Suriname enter into force after publication in the Offic...
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68. The Constitution guarantees and protects human rights and fundamental freedoms and sets out and defines the competences of the main organs of the State. The preamble guarantees that the principles of freedom, equality and democracy, as well as fundamental rights and freedoms, are respected. Chapters V and VI of the...
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72. The legal form of most of Suriname ' s NGOs is the foundation. Any person or group of persons - company, organization, foundation, etc. - who wish to obtain legal personality must be recognized as a legal person by a resolution of the President of the Republic of Suriname or by an act drawn up before a notary publi...
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74. The Surinamese legislation explicitly criminalizes marital rape; female genital mutilation, honour killings and acid attacks are not offences that occur in Suriname; the number of reported cases of sexual violence is shown in the table below.
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78. The Public Prosecutor ' s Office currently has 18 members of the Public Prosecutor ' s Office: 1 Attorney General, 2 Advocates General, 1 Chief Prosecutor, 13 Prosecutors and several Deputy Prosecutors.
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88. The process of ratification of international agreements is governed by article 103 of the Constitution. Furthermore, article 105 of the Constitution provides that the provisions of the agreements referred to in article 103 directly applicable to any person are binding upon publication. Furthermore, the Constitution...
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89. The Constitution also prohibits torture; article 9, paragraph 2, of the Constitution provides that no one shall be subjected to torture, degrading or inhuman treatment or punishment; Suriname ratified the Inter-American Convention against Torture in 1987 and acceded to the United Nations Convention against Torture ...
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90. The principle of non-discrimination is enshrined in article 8 of the Constitution, and a number of laws have been adopted in recent years to harmonize national legislation with international instruments, including: · The Workers' Act recruited from temporary employment agencies (S.B. 2017 No. 42). Article 12 (2) of...
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100. The Government has improved the protection of children in general and in particular against sexual abuse through social media, and the Penal Code has been adapted to take this into account, in order to prevent the publication and display of shocking images; the dissemination of false news and the production of fal...
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102. The National Council on Domestic Violence was established in June 2017 for a period of three years to assess the implementation of the National Strategic Plan for the Structural Approach to Combating Domestic Violence (2014-2017). The mandate of the Council was extended until 15 March 2022 in order to update the s...
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105. The provisions of the various human rights instruments may be invoked or directly applied by the courts, other judicial bodies or administrative authorities; courts and other judicial bodies directly invoke the provisions of direct application of human rights treaties when deciding; for example, in its judgement i...
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107. The Act establishing the Constitutional Court (S.B. 2019 no. 118) was adopted by Parliament on 30 August 2019 and entered into force on 11 October of the same year. It was implemented on 14 January 2020 (S.B. 2020 no. 12). The Court is an impartial and independent court like all the courts in Suriname. It is respo...
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112. The Office for the Promotion of Gender Equality of the Ministry of the Interior is responsible for coordinating the national policy on gender equality and mainstreaming the gender dimension in public policies; two multidisciplinary instruments, the Gender Equality Strategy Paper (2021-2035) and the Gender Action P...
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113. The Office of Victim Care, established in 2008 as part of the so-called sectoral legal protection and security plan, is responsible for providing assistance and psychosocial and legal services to victims of various forms of criminal violence, including domestic violence.
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116. The Ministry of Social Affairs and Housing is responsible for coordinating the national policy on the rights of the child, persons with disabilities and the elderly; the Office for the Rights of the Child coordinates the implementation of the rights of the child, while the National Advisory Council for Persons wit...
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The Care Facilities Act was passed by Parliament in 2014 and is based, among other things, on quality standards of care for facilities that provide care to persons with disabilities.
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122. The Suriname Red Cross is the body responsible for coordinating human rights issues with regard to asylum-seekers and refugees. In March 2021, cooperation between UNHCR and the Suriname Red Cross was temporarily interrupted. In June 2021, cooperation between the two entities was renewed and the target group was ab...
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123. The issue of migrant workers falls within the competence of the Ministry of Labour, Employment and Youth and, in order to enter the labour market, migrant workers must comply with the procedure laid down by the Ministry.
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129. The Human Rights Commission of the National Assembly consists of seven parliamentarians, examines the draft laws and presents its conclusions to the Assembly. Its legal powers with regard to international treaties, including human rights treaties, are defined in articles 72 and 104 of the Constitution, and its mem...
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131. The Office of the President has initiated the establishment of a presidential working group of child and youth officials in Suriname, which will examine the necessary preconditions for the preparation of an Institute of the Ombudsman for Children and the establishment of this body. The Office of the Ombudsman will...
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138. The Ministry of Labour has provided training for persons with disabilities under a project of the Trust Fund for Basic Needs, which aims to provide persons with disabilities with the skills necessary to set up a business; training has been provided by the Foundation for Productive Work Units, an agency under the M...
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139. The Ministry of Education, Science and Culture is undertaking substantive action on human rights issues through concrete activities focused on human rights, and the Government is constantly monitoring the compliance of its policies with human rights standards, and has also organized a number of training courses fo...
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141. The activities carried out by these ministries in relation to gender equality and the empowerment of women are the responsibility of programmes and projects arising from a specific policy; the Ministry of the Interior plays a leading role in the formulation, evaluation and implementation of gender equality policy;...
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The Government continuously ensures an appropriate balance between the realization of human rights and economic considerations by monitoring, assessing and adjusting the measures implemented, despite national and international financial constraints, in particular high national debt and difficulties in accessing concess...
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149. The Government continues to cooperate with or receive assistance from various national, regional and international partners in its efforts to promote and protect human rights and its work on sustainable development.
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150. The country implementation plan constitutes the plan of cooperation between the United Nations system and the Government of Suriname. Technical assistance from the United Nations system in the preparation of reports on the human rights situation to be submitted to the various bodies, including the Committee on the...
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152. The national coordination structure for reporting under the various instruments consists of the various relevant ministries (Ministry of Justice and Police, Ministry of Social Affairs and Housing, Ministry of the Interior and Ministry of Foreign Affairs, International Trade and International Cooperation, in partic...
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153. The ministries responsible for coordination interact with their counterparts from other ministries, civil society and NGOs, all of whom are responsible for providing information relevant to the various human rights reports in their field of competence, and the reports are then sent to ministries, civil society, NG...
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156. The Government remains committed to implementing the outcomes and recommendations of several global conferences, including the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), as defined in the 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda ( 2030 Agenda), and the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action.
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161. The above-mentioned report shows that significant progress has been made over the past 25 years in a number of areas, including the adoption and implementation of legislative measures and policies concerning women, children and youth. The preparation of the Gender Equality Strategy Paper (2021-2035) and the Gender...
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169. The definition of discrimination, provided for in article 126 (a) of the Criminal Code, is applicable to all persons, with due regard to the principle of equality. Articles 175 and 176 of the same Code criminalize defamation of persons on the basis of their sexual orientation.
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HRI-CORE-SUR-2022-fr-parsed
172. The Constitution of 30 October 1987, as amended in 1992, is based on the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and sets out the civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights of every person. Chapters V and VI of the Constitution deal with human rights and fundamental freedoms, including the right of every...
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HRI-CORE-SUR-2022-fr-parsed
174. The Constitutional Court was established in 2019 by the Act establishing the Constitutional Court (S.B. 2019 no. 118). It is responsible for examining the laws to determine their possible contradictions with the Constitution and international treaties. It is also competent to rule on decisions of public bodies who...
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