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176. The Education Organization and Financing Act 36 provides that the education system shall: · Ensure the optimal development of individuals, regardless of gender, social or cultural origin, religion, race, ethnicity, nationality, physical or mental constitution or disability; · Inculcate mutual tolerance, raise awar...
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179. The legislation specifies groups of children, pupils and students who, for personal, socio-economic or cultural reasons, require special supervision or additional measures in preschool and school establishments: · Particularly gifted students: schools adapt the implementation of the curriculum for students whose i...
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180. The legislation in force provides for the provision, on an equal footing, of adequate, high-quality and reliable health care; the general population enjoys equal rights with regard to compulsory and voluntary health insurance.
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181. The Law on the Rights of Patients 38 defines the rights of patients, as users of health care services, in their relations with health care providers and the procedures for the exercise of these rights.
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182. The Ministry of Health has made the protection of the rights of vulnerable groups a priority in the field of health protection and human rights, with particular attention to persons with mental illness or serious chronic diseases, older persons, rights relating to advances in biomedicine, activities aimed at promo...
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186. The Ministry co-finances programmes on reproductive health and reproductive rights at the national, regional and local levels, with a focus on women who, because of ignorance or social exclusion, do not use reproductive health services, and special promotion and protection programmes have therefore been put in pla...
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191. The Ministry of Labour, Family, Social Affairs and Equal Opportunities funds a number of comprehensive programmes for the homeless, including housing and food. A total of 237 housing units were funded in 2013 for a total of 1,900 users. In 2013, approximately 850,500 euros were spent on this programme, which will ...
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192. The State pays particular attention to the housing problems of vulnerable groups such as young and young families, large families, persons with disabilities and their families, citizens with long working lives who do not have adequate housing and individuals with activities of particular importance to the local co...
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199. The National Assembly adopted the Resolution on the National Programme for the Prevention of Domestic Violence 2009-2014 42 . This strategic document sets out the objectives, measures and main institutions to be mobilized to reduce and prevent domestic violence. In May 2010, the Government adopted the National Pla...
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The measures adopted by Slovenia in the area of trafficking in persons are defined in action plans to combat trafficking, which have been drawn up every two years since 2004 by the Inter-ministerial Working Group on Combating Trafficking in Persons.The Group consists of representatives of the relevant ministries and ad...
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209. The Inter-Ministerial Commission on Human Rights is the central body responsible for coordinating reports submitted to international human rights monitoring mechanisms, and from 1993 to 2012 it was appointed the Inter-Ministerial Working Commission on Human Rights.
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210. The Commission was established by the Government in April 2013 to oversee the preparation of reports on the situation in Slovenia submitted to United Nations treaty bodies, the universal periodic review mechanism and regional organizations, and the implementation of the recommendations.
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215. The Government ' s policy to strengthen the role and status of women and to ensure gender equality has made significant progress in education, employment, equal pay for equal work, violence against women and trafficking in women and girls, which has been facilitated by the new legislation, the National Programme o...
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216. The Government has taken a number of measures to promote a balanced representation of both sexes in political decision-making bodies and to promote the equal candidature of women and men in elections to the European Parliament, the National Assembly and the municipal councils, as well as to promote balanced repres...
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217. The Labour Relations Act guarantees equal pay for women and men for equal work and incorporates the relevant ILO recommendations. The Government has not adopted any specific measures to reduce the income gap between men and women, with data from 2012 indicating that this gap is minimal in Slovenia (2.5 per cent).
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218. The Government continues to carry out various activities aimed at the identification and elimination of stereotypes, including consultations, training and seminars, analyses and studies on the distribution of power between women and men in various fields, and, in addition to its educational promotion activities, p...
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219. The staff of the Slovenian Ministry of Defence and the Slovenian Army receive regular training on gender equality, equal opportunities and the protection of human dignity; training programmes for military personnel at all levels, including candidates for civilian expertise, include a component on human rights, the...
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220. The Labour Relations Act prohibits sexual and moral harassment in the workplace; the Occupational Health and Safety Act provides that in workplaces where there is a high risk of harm to the integrity of persons, the employer must develop and equip the workplace to reduce this risk and facilitate relief; the employ...
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221. The status of same-sex partners is governed by the Civil Union Registration Act. 45 As soon as they register their civil union, the partners have certain rights and obligations, including property rights (right to maintenance and maintenance, right to acquire a common good and to establish property relations in th...
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226. The Constitution establishes personal rights to preserve the ethnic, linguistic and cultural characteristics of members of all ethnic communities, which are enshrined in article 14 (Equality before the law), article 61 (Expression of national belonging) and article 62 (Right to use one ' s own language and writing...
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227. The Ministry of Culture systematically implements a wide range of measures aimed at different national and ethnic groups and, in cooperation with these groups, defines the needs for the protection of their cultural characteristics and takes measures for their integration. The preservation of the cultural rights of...
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228. The Resolution on the National Language Policy Programme 2014-2018, approved in 2013 by the National Assembly, assesses the situation, defines cultural policy and provides for the following measures for speakers of minority languages (i.e. all linguistic communities): language courses for public officials and othe...
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230. The special status and rights of the Italian and Hungarian national communities are defined in articles 64 and 11 of the Constitution and guaranteed regardless of the number of members of these communities. Their organization and fundamental rights are specified in the Law on the Autonomy of Ethnic Communities 49 ...
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232. The status and rights of members of the Roma community are governed by article 65 of the Constitution, the Law on the Roma Community 50 and other specific sectoral laws, and the status of the Roma community is regulated in a comprehensive manner by a special law, which provides that State and local self-government...
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243. The adoption of the Patients' Rights Act has established a comprehensive framework for patients' rights to ensure equal access to appropriate, high-quality and safe health care, based on trust and respect between the patient and the doctor or other health professional, and enshrines 14 rights.
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252. The demographic development of Slovenia 56 is increasingly affecting its economic and social life, particularly as a result of the demographic growth that followed the Second World War, a generation that is now reaching retirement age.
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255. The Resolution on the National Social Assistance Programme 2013-2020 was adopted in 2013. In view of recent demographic trends, older persons occupy an important place in the Programme, the objectives of which have been adapted to the growing social and economic difficulties of the population. They include increas...
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256. The social security documents and legislation, which deal with the quality of life of older persons, provide for a wider range of services and programmes for older persons, the development of new concepts of working with users (in particular those with dementia), the training of qualified professionals to work wit...
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258. The ageing of the population has a strong impact on the labour market, according to analyses, demographic trends indicate a future decline in the labour force; it is important that everyone, especially the elderly, have the opportunity to work or return to the labour market; incentives are primarily an active poli...
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The Aliens Act, which was one of Slovenia's laws of independence, defined the concept of alien and provided for the application of the provisions of the Act to citizens of the other republics of the former Yugoslavia who had not applied for Slovenian citizenship from 26 February 1992, who had become aliens on that date...
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3. The official language of the country is Slovenian. In the municipalities where the Italian or Hungarian national communities reside, Italian or Hungarian is also the official language. The capital of the country, Ljubljana, is also its geographical, cultural, scientific, economic, political and administrative centre...
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5. The climate is temperate but varies considerably due to the geographical diversity of the country. Slovenia has three different climates: Mediterranean in the coastal region, continental in the central and pannonian region, to the east, and Alpine in the northwest.
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10. The preservation of biodiversity, i.e. the diversity of plant and animal species, is an important part of Slovenia's foreign policy. Slovenia is proud of its centuries-old beekeeping tradition. Indeed, it was at the initiative of Slovenia that the United Nations designated 20 May as World Bee Day, in order to raise...
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25. The infant mortality rate continues to decline. In 2018, 33 infants died in their first year. In the last 20 years, the infant mortality rate has declined considerably. In 1988, the number of infant deaths was 10 per 1,000 live births, compared to 1.7 in 2018. In 2012, this rate fell for the first time below 2. Slo...
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29. The proportion of single-parent families is increasing and now accounts for a quarter of all families and a third of families with children. The majority of single-parent families are composed of a mother and her children, most of whom are single or never married (36%). In the under-47 age group, most of these moth...
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30. The proportion of citizens of Slovenia who have completed higher education (tertiary), i.e. a short or long cycle in higher education, continues to increase, while the percentage of the population with only basic or even incomplete education is decreasing. This percentage is the highest among older people, while th...
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40. The poverty line was €7,946 per year, or €662 per month, per adult equivalent in the household. The annual amount has increased by 50 per cent since 2005, and by 7 per cent since 2017.
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45. The Slovenian Constitution stipulates that basic education is compulsory and financed by the State; all children residing in Slovenia have the right to receive basic education on an equal basis; they enter primary school at the age of 6 for a nine-year national course; they are aged 14 in the 9th year and complete ...
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46. The ratio of pupils to teachers shows the total number of pupils in relation to the total number of teachers (both figures are expressed in full-time equivalent). In the last five years, a teacher was responsible for an average of 10 pupils.
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49. The concept of "young people who have left the education system prematurely" refers to persons between the ages of 18 and 24 who have received only basic education and have not attended educational institutions or training during the last four weeks; in Slovenia, there are few young people, i.e. less than 5 per cen...
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51. The number of higher education graduates is increasing every year and has more than doubled in the last 15 years, exceeding 20,000 in 2011 and 2012, and approaching 16,700 in 2018. No less than 30,967 students graduated in 2016, as the end of the 2015/16 academic year (30 September 2016) was set as the deadline for...
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52. The level of education of the population is increasing every year: in 2018, 41.2 per cent of the Slovenian population aged 30-34 completed higher education (as of the 2002 census, this proportion was 20.8 per cent, and 31.7 per cent in 2011). Women are far ahead of men, 54.3 per cent compared to 29.2 per cent.
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54. The share of imports and exports of goods and services in GDP has increased, reaching an average of 80 per cent of GDP between 2014 and 2018 and exceeding the average for 2009-2013 by 12 per cent. Since 2012, trade in goods and services with foreign countries has recorded a surplus. Trade in services accounts for o...
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58. The market share, which is another indicator of export competitiveness, has increased for the sixth consecutive year. In 2018, Slovenia's share in the world goods market was 0.192 %, exceeding by a fifth the pre-crisis maximum level in the EU market, a destination for three-quarters of Slovenian exports. After a sh...
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61. The largest increase in debt was in the central bank (€1.7 billion), the public administration (€1.5 billion) and other sectors (€1.3 billion), which held the largest share of assets (34.8%). In terms of assets, debt securities prevailed (39%), followed by liquidity and savings (27%). In November 2019, net external...
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67. The National Assembly shall adopt laws, take other decisions and ratify treaties by a majority of the votes cast by the deputies present, if no other majority is fixed by the Constitution or legislation. Laws may be proposed by the Government, a deputy or at least 5,000 voters. The National Assembly may call a refe...
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69. The President of the Republic represents Slovenia and is the commander-in-chief of its defence forces and is elected by direct, universal and secret suffrage for a term of five years, renewable only once.
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70. The President of the Republic shall convene legislative elections, enact laws, propose to the National Assembly candidates for the post of Prime Minister, publish instruments of ratification of treaties, appoint and recall ambassadors and envoys of the Republic, accept credentials of foreign diplomatic representati...
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71. The President of the Republic shall propose to the National Assembly a candidate for the post of Prime Minister, who shall then be elected by a majority of the votes of all the deputies. Before taking office, the Prime Minister, the President of the Republic and all the ministers shall take an oath before the Natio...
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72. The tasks of the State administration are carried out directly by the ministries; nevertheless, certain administrative functions may be entrusted by law to the autonomous territorial authorities, to enterprises, to other organizations and to individuals who are the custodians of public authority.
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74. The municipality manages local affairs of public interest as defined by law and carries out tasks within its autonomy. In accordance with the principles and criteria laid down in the relevant legislation, the State provides additional funding to municipalities that cannot perform all their functions due to weak eco...
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75. The highest decision-making body at the municipal level is the municipal council, whose members are elected by direct suffrage. The municipality is represented and administered by a mayor, also elected by direct suffrage. The mayor is responsible for administering the municipality and implementing the decisions of ...
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77. The third branch of the judiciary is the judiciary, which is exercised by judges; judges are independent in the exercise of their judicial functions and obey only the Constitution and the law; judges are permanent; judges are appointed by the National Assembly on the proposal of the Judicial Council; judges elect a...
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80. The Constitution provides that the Constitutional Court has jurisdiction to rule on: · The conformity of laws and regulations with the Constitution, ratified treaties and general principles of international law; · Compliance with the law of regulations made by the executive and local authorities; · Constitutional r...
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82. The Constitutional Court cancels in whole or in part the unconstitutional laws and cancels, with immediate ( ex nunc ) or retroactive ( ex tunc ) effect, the regulations made by the executive and the local authorities which are unconstitutional or illegal. It may suspend the application of the contested regulations...
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87. The Constitution guarantees the right to rehabilitation and compensation, both material and non-material, to any person who has been wrongly sentenced or deprived of liberty without good cause, and the relevant conditions and procedures are laid down in the Criminal Procedure Act, which requires the State to compen...
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88. The Constitution not only enshrines human rights and individual freedoms, but also sets out the mechanisms available to individuals to protect their rights. · Right to protection of justice: everyone has the right to a legally constituted independent and impartial tribunal to decide without undue delay on his or he...
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89. The mechanisms for the protection of human rights provided for in the Constitution are specified in a number of laws, primarily procedural laws, such as the Criminal Procedure Act, the Minor Offences Act, the Civil Procedure Act, the General Administrative Procedure Act and the Civil Enforcement Procedures Act, in ...
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90. The Constitution provides that human rights are exercised directly on the basis of the Constitution and that the law may regulate their manner of exercise when provided for in the Constitution or when the very nature of an individual right so requires (art. 15 (paras. 1 and 2)), which means that the mechanisms for ...
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92. The legal basis for the establishment of the Human Rights Ombudsman is article 159 of the Slovenian Constitution, which provides for the establishment by law of an Ombudsman to protect the human rights and fundamental freedoms of citizens in their relations with the public authorities, the local self-government aut...
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93. The Human Rights Ombudsman Act was adopted in December 1993 and the Ombudsman ' s duties and powers are based on the traditional Scandinavian model: its organization, working methods and areas of activity, procedures and roles are defined in the internal rules of the Human Rights Ombudsman; in the context of his in...
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94. The Ombudsman may refer a case to the Constitutional Court in connection with a case he is dealing with (art. 50 of the Constitutional Court Act) and may initiate a procedure to review the constitutionality of a regulation without having to demonstrate his legal interest before it, whereas other possible initiators...
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95. The powers of the Human Rights Ombudsman are also defined in various other laws - such as the Law on Integrity and Prevention of Corruption, the Law on the Rights of Patients, the Law on Defence, the Law on Consumer Protection, the Law on Environmental Protection, the Law on the Protection of Personal Data, the Law...
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96. The procedures of the Human Rights Ombudsman are confidential and free of charge for complainants. The Ombudsman informs the public and the National Assembly of his findings and of the measures he has adopted. He examines applications which may be submitted by anyone who considers that his human rights or fundament...
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97. The Act ratifying the Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment states that the national preventive mechanism is the Human Rights Ombudsman (see below for further information).
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98. The Ombudsman is elected by the National Assembly by a two-thirds majority of the votes, on the proposal of the President of the Republic. In accordance with the applicable law, the Ombudsman ' s term of office is six years, renewable only once. The Ombudsman has a minimum of two deputies and a maximum of four, all...
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101. The Ministry of Justice has been given additional powers in the field of human rights under the State Administration Act, 2016 (Amendment to Article 37), which has been specifically mandated by the Ministry of Justice with the organization and status of the Human Rights Ombudsman (i.e. the drafting of the Human Ri...
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103. The Ministry is the authority responsible for the development of gender equality policy and for carrying out the tasks set out in the Law on Equal Opportunities for Men and Women and in the Regulation on Internal Organization and the Rationalization of Functions within the Ministry of Labour, Family, Social Affair...
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104. The Law on Protection against Discrimination, adopted on 21 April 2016, replaces the Law on the Implementation of the Principle of Equal Treatment and establishes the Defender of the Principle of Equality, which is the autonomous public authority responsible for promoting equality and protecting against discrimina...
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105. The duty of the Equality Defender is to protect against discrimination and to promote equality both systemicly and with regard to individuals, in collaboration with public and private entities. Its tasks and responsibilities, which are specified in the Law on Protection against Discrimination, include independent ...
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The Law on Equal Opportunities for Men and Women established a new mechanism to ensure that gender issues are taken into account in public policies, their implementation and monitoring; each ministry appointed a focal point for equal opportunities for men and women to carry out the tasks defined by law and to collabora...
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The Office of National Minorities is a self-governing public body; the basic provisions for the protection of national communities and the Roma community are enshrined in the Constitution, and more detailed provisions are included in the legislation governing various areas which are closely or indirectly relevant to th...
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The Information Commissioner Act 14 , adopted on 31 December 2005, created a new independent public authority: the Information Commissioner, who deals with access to public information and the protection of personal data. The Commissioner is appointed by the National Assembly, on the proposal of the President, for a fi...
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114. The Act gives the Information Commissioner the following powers: · Acting on an appeal against a decision by which a body has refused or rejected an applicant's request for access or otherwise infringed its right to access or reuse public information, and, in the context of an appeal procedure, also monitoring the...
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122. The Ombudsman for Human Rights plays a key role in informing the public of violations of human rights and fundamental freedoms in Slovenia. The Ombudsman takes part in public debates, answers urgent questions and draws attention to violations through his press articles, annual reports and special reports, newslett...
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125. The Minister for Foreign Affairs meets annually with representatives of NGOs to present the foreign policy activities of Slovenia in the field of human rights, and regular working meetings are held on human rights and international cooperation for development. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs works with civil socie...
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The Constitutional Court is the supreme authority responsible for interpreting the provisions of the Constitution, which is the basic law of the State, and its decisions must be respected and implemented by all organs of the State and all natural and legal persons.
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131. The Slovenian Constitution provides that: human life is inviolable and the death penalty does not exist in Slovenia (art. 17); no one may be subjected to torture or to inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment (art. 18); respect for the human person and his or her dignity is guaranteed in criminal proceedings a...
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133. The Act ratifying the Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment establishes the Human Rights Ombudsman as a national preventive mechanism carrying out its mission and exercising its powers in collaboration with NGOs and organizations that have...
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137. The execution of criminal penalties is regulated by law and falls within the competence of the Slovenian Prison Administration, which is responsible for the full respect of the rights and obligations of detainees, the development of psychological, social, educational, sociological and other forms and methods of wo...
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138. The monitoring of the legality of the treatment of detained persons is the responsibility of the Ministry of Justice and the Presidents of the competent district courts and their departments. Authorized officials of the Ministry of Justice and the Presidents of the district courts check with the detained persons h...
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139. The basic training of prison officers and new staff also pays particular attention to the knowledge of human rights legislation, treaties and institutions responsible for the protection of the human rights of detained persons, and the obligation of prison officers to take an oath, as follows: " I solemnly swear to...
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142. The Media Act provides that advertising shall not prejudice respect for human dignity, incite discrimination on the grounds of race, gender or ethnicity, incite religious or political intolerance, encourage conduct harmful to public health or safety, protect the environment and cultural heritage, insult religious ...
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144. The provisions of the Penal Code on criminal offences against honour or reputation (arts. 158-162) provide for aggravating circumstances when such offences are committed through the press, radio, television and other media of the public or through public meetings. The amended Penal Code limits the responsibility o...
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145. The prosecution of hate speech is governed by article 297 of the Criminal Code (Public Incitement to Hate, Violence or Intolerance), as amended in 2011 (and adopted in 2012). This article has been amended to provide a more detailed definition of hate speech.
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The law amending the Media Act, which came into force in April 2016, provides that a publisher who permits public comments in a given media must define a policy of comment and publish it appropriately in that media. Comments violating this policy must be deleted as soon as possible, or at the latest within one working ...
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149. The Freedom of Religion Act regulates and guarantees the exercise of freedom of religion, establishes the register of churches and other communities of believers, defines the criteria, conditions and procedures for the registration of churches and other religious communities, as well as the rights of registered ch...
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151. The constitutional principle of equality is specified in the legal provisions governing employment and work, education, social protection, elections, etc. The application of this principle is defined in more detail in the Law on the Implementation of Protection against Discrimination, which provides for equal trea...
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152. The alleged victims may also contact the competent inspection services and other administrative and judicial authorities responsible for protection against discrimination; victims may also seek compensation. In case of suspected violation, the burden of proof rests with the perpetrator.
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154. The Labour Relations Act contains a provision relating to an indefinite employment contract. A fixed-term employment contract is only authorized in exceptional cases, and the contracting parties have the same rights and obligations as in the case of an indefinite employment. The particularities of this type of emp...
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157. The formation and functioning of trade unions are regulated by the Trade Union Representative Act, which sets out the procedure for a trade union to become a legal person and the procedure by which it can be described as representative, by granting legal protection to these two types of procedures. The mandate of ...
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163. The effectiveness of this new social legislation was evaluated one year after its implementation. This evaluation led the National Assembly to adopt several amendments in November 2013. Some of them came into force on 1 January, the others on 1 September 2014. These amendments mainly provide additional protection ...
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166. The Law amending the Law on Social Benefits came into force in December 2016. This law guarantees more equitable restrictions on inheritance and prohibits the alienation or encumbering of the property of the beneficiaries of social assistance and income supplement, taking into account the fundamental principle of ...
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170. The Constitution (art. 57) guarantees fundamental rights in education and guarantees freedom of education. Primary education is compulsory and financed by the State, thus enabling citizens to obtain an adequate level of education.
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172. The Act on the Organization and Financing of Education 28 provides that the educational system shall aim to achieve the following objectives: · Guarantee to all the right to optimal development, without distinction as to gender, social environment or cultural identity, religion, race, nationality, ethnicity, and r...
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175. The relevant health legislation provides for the availability, on an equal footing, of adequate, high-quality and safe health care, with equal rights for the whole population through compulsory and supplementary health insurance. The Law on the Rights of Patients 30 defines the rights of patients as consumers of h...
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176. The Mental Health Act 31 protects the rights of persons with mental disorders for the duration of their care in a psychiatric intensive care unit, a closed service or a monitoring structure, and defines procedures for hospitalization without consent in the courts.
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177. The protection of mental health is one of the pillars of the new national health care programme, namely the Resolution on the National Health Care Plan 2016-2025 "Together for a Healthy Society", which was adopted on 29 March 2016. With regard to the mental health of older persons, a group particularly vulnerable ...
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180. The Ministry co-finances programmes to protect and strengthen reproductive health and related rights at the national, regional and local levels. Particular attention is paid to the most vulnerable women, especially pregnant women and new mothers. The postpartum mental disorders and suicide are among the main cause...
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184. The resolution provides for the establishment of housing communities for young people, the guarantee of affordable rents, condominiums, optional rental schemes and housing cooperatives for young people who have difficulties in housing.
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