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Please answer the question as a medical doctor.
Coronavirus (COVID-19): What Is COVID-19?
COVID-19is a disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 that can trigger what doctors call a respiratory tract infection. In early 2020,  the World Health Organization identified SARS-CoV-2 as a new type ofcoronavirus. The outbreak quickly spread around the world.  It can affect your upper respiratory tract (sinuses, nose, and throat) or lower respiratory tract (windpipe andlungs).
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Coronavirus (COVID-19): How Are Mood Disorders Linked to Severe COVID-19?
If you have preexisting mood disorders, you may be at high risk for hospitalization or death but not necessarily severe COVID-19.
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Coronavirus (COVID-19): Is there more than one strain of SARS-CoV-2?
Yes, the COVID-19 virus continues to mutate and there are several variants that are now spreading. Some are more contagious as well as more deadly than the original virus.
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How long will the coronavirus last?
There's no way to tell how long the pandemic will continue. There are many factors, including the public's efforts to slow the spread, researchers' work to learn more about the virus, their search for a treatment, and the success of the vaccines.
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Coronavirus (COVID-19): Is COVID-19 worse than the flu?
Unlike the flu, a lot of people aren't immune to the coronavirus, and because it has been mutating with new strains. If you do catch it, the virus triggers your body to make things called antibodies. Researchers are looking at whether the antibodies give you protection against catching it again.
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Coronavirus (COVID-19): Is COVID-19 seasonal like the flu?
While scientists hoped initially thathigher temperaturesand humidity levels might help slow the spread of the coronavirus, that was not the case. Experts advise caution and say thorough public health efforts have more influence than weather on the spread.  Also, past flu pandemics have happened year-round.
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Coronavirus (COVID-19): How does COVID-19 spread?
COVID-19 mainlyspreads from person to person. People release respiratory fluids during exhalation (e.g., quiet breathing, speaking, singing, exercise, coughing, sneezing) in the form of droplets across a spectrum of sizes. These droplets carry viruses and transmit infection. The largest droplets settle out of the air rapidly, within seconds to minutes. The smallest very fine droplets, and aerosol particles formed when these fine droplets rapidly dry, are small enough that they can remain suspended in the air for minutes to hours.
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What is Coronavirus (COVID-19) community spread?
Doctors and health officials use this term when they don't know the source of the infection. With COVID-19, it usually refers to someone who gets the virus even though they haven't been exposed to someone who has COVID-19.
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Coronavirus (COVID-19): How fast is it spreading?
The number of people infected or re-infected by COVID-19 changes every day. See ournews storyfor the latest updates on this developing story.
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How contagious is the coronavirus?
The transmission rate is relatively high. Early research has estimated that one person who has it can spread it to between 2 and 3.5 others. By comparison, one person who has the seasonal flu will pass it to between 1.1 and 2.3 others.
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Can coronavirus be transmitted through groceries, packages, or food?
You're much more likely to get COVID-19 from another person than from packages, groceries, or food. If you're in ahigh-risk group, stay home and use a delivery service or have a friend shop for you. Have them leave the items outside your front door, if you can. If you do your own shopping, wear a high-quality face mask and try to stay at least 6 feet away from other shoppers.
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Coronavirus (COVID-19): protect you from infection?
A mask is an added layer of protection for everyone, on top of vaccines and social distancing efforts. You can spread the virus when you talk or cough, even if you don't know that you have it or if you aren't showing signs of infection.
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Coronavirus (COVID-19): Is it safe to travel during a pandemic?
Crowded places can raise your chances of getting COVID-19. It’s important to check the status of COVID-19 transmissions in the area where you travel before you go and take the necessary precautions while there.
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How can you help stop the spread of the coronavirus?
Because thevirus spreads from person to person, it's important to limit your contact with other people as much as possible. and avoid large gatherings. Most states and cities have lifted restrictions but this doesn't mean the virus is gone. Continue to follow safety practices such as wearing a high-quality cloth face mask in public places and washing your hands.
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Is there a cure for the coronavirus?
There's no cure yet, but researchers are working hard to find one.
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What is the recovery rate for coronavirus?
Scientists and researchers are constantly tracking COVID-19 infections and recoveries. But they don't have information about the outcome of every infection. Early estimates predict that the overallCOVID-19 recovery ratewill be between 97% and 99.75%.
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Coronavirus (COVID-19): ?
Yes. This is another reason to stay vigilant against becoming infected and transmitting the virus.
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Are coronaviruses new?
Coronaviruses were first identified in the 1960s. Almost everyone gets a coronavirus infection at least once in their life, most likely as a young child. In the United States, regular coronaviruses are more common in the fall and winter, but anyone can come down with a coronavirus infection at any time.
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What are Coronavirus (COVID-19) Symptoms of COVID-19?
The main symptoms include: • Fever • Coughing • Shortness of breath • Trouble breathing • Fatigue • Chills, sometimes with shaking • Body aches • Headache • Sore throat • Congestion/runny nose • Loss of smell or taste • Nausea • Diarrhea The virus can lead topneumonia, respiratory failure, heart problems, liver problems,septic shock, and death. Many COVID-19 complications may be caused by a condition known as cytokine release syndrome or a cytokine storm. This is when an infection triggers your immune system to flood your bloodstream with inflammatory proteins called cytokines. They can kill tissue and damage your organs. In some cases, lung transplants have been needed.
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What are Causes of the New Coronavirus?
Researchers aren't sure what caused it, and investigations as to its origin are ongoing. There's more than one type of coronavirus. They're common in people and in animals including bats, camels, cats, and cattle. SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, is similar to MERS and SARS. They all came from bats.
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What are Coronavirus Risk Factors?
Anyone can get COVID-19, and most infections are mild. The older you are, the higher your risk of severe illness. You also a have higher chance of serious illness if you have one of these health conditions: • Chronic kidney disease • Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) • A weakened immune system because of an organ transplant • Obesity • Serious heart conditions such as heart failure or coronary artery disease • Sickle cell disease • Type 2 diabetes Conditions that could lead to severe COVID-19 illness include: • Moderate to severe asthma • Diseases that affect your blood vessels and blood flow to your brain • Cystic fibrosis • High blood pressure • A weakened immune system because of a blood or bone marrow transplant, HIV, or medications like corticosteroids • Dementia • Liver disease • Pregnancy • Damaged or scarred lung tissue (pulmonary fibrosis) • Smoking • Thalassemia • Type 1 diabetes • Depression • Anxiety • Schizophrenia Some children and teens who are in the hospital with COVID-19 have an inflammatory condition that doctors are calling multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children. Doctors think it may be linked to the virus. It causes symptoms similar to those of toxic shock and of Kawasaki disease, a condition that causes inflammation in kids' blood vessels.
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What are Coronavirus Transmission?
How does COVID-19 spread? COVID-19 mainlyspreads from person to person. People release respiratory fluids during exhalation (e.g., quiet breathing, speaking, singing, exercise, coughing, sneezing) in the form of droplets across a spectrum of sizes. These droplets carry viruses and transmit infection. The largest droplets settle out of the air rapidly, within seconds to minutes. The smallest very fine droplets, and aerosol particles formed when these fine droplets rapidly dry, are small enough that they can remain suspended in the air for minutes to hours. The risk of transmission is greatest within three to six feet of an infectious source where the concentration of these very fine droplets and particles is greatest. If you breathe them in or swallow them, the virus can get into your body. Some people who have the virus don't have symptoms, but they can still spread the virus. While less likely, you can also get the virus from touching a surface or object the virus is on, then touching your mouth, nose, or possibly your eyes.Most viruses can live for several hours on a surfacethat they land on. OVID-19 can last for several hours on various types of surfaces: • Copper (pennies, teakettles, cookware): 4 hours • Cardboard (shipping boxes): up to 24 hours • Plastic (milk containers, detergent bottles, subway and bus seats, elevator buttons):2 to 3 days • Stainless steel (refrigerators, pots and pans, sinks, some water bottles): 2 to 3 days That's why it's important to wash or sanitize your hands regularly and disinfect surfaces to get rid of the virus.
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What are Coronavirus Diagnosis?
Call your doctor or local health department if you think you've been exposed and have symptoms like: • Fever of 100 F or higher • Cough • Trouble breathing Home testing has advanced considerably since the beginning of the pandemic and you can readily test yourself.Otherwise, testing facilities are readily available in most areas. While some require an appointment, others are simply drive-up. Home testing kits are also widely available. A swab test is the most common testing method. It looks for signs of the virus in your upper respiratory tract. You or the person giving the test puts a swab up your nose to get a sample from the back of your nose and throat. That sample usually goes to a lab that looks for viral material, but some areas may have rapid tests that give results in as little as 15 minutes.
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What are Coronavirus Prevention?
Getting vaccinated against COVID-19 is a key part of prevention. But you should also take these steps: • Cover your nose and mouth in public.If you have COVID-19, you can spread it even if you don't feel sick. Wear a mask to protect others. This isn't a replacement for social distancing. You still need to keep a 6-foot distance between yourself and those around you. Don't put a face covering on anyone who is:Under 2 years oldHavingtrouble breathingUnconscious or can't remove the mask on their own for other reasons • Under 2 years old • Havingtrouble breathing • Unconscious or can't remove the mask on their own for other reasons • Wash your handsoften with soap and water or clean them with an alcohol-based sanitizer.This kills viruses on your hands. • Don't touch your face.Coronaviruses can live on surfaces you touch for several hours. If they get on your hands and you touch your eyes, nose, or mouth, they can get into your body. • Practice social distancing.Because you can have and spread the virus without knowing it, you should stay home as much as possible. If you do have to go out, stay at least 6 feet away from others. • Clean and disinfect.You can clean first with soap and water, but disinfect surfaces you touch often, like tables, doorknobs, light switches, toilets, faucets, and sinks. Use a mix of household bleach and water (1/3 cup bleach per gallon of water, or 4 teaspoons bleach per quart of water) or a household cleaner that's approved to treat SARS-CoV-2. You can check theEnvironmental Protection Agency (EPA) websiteto see if yours made the list. Wear gloves when you clean and throw them away when you're done.
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What are Coronavirus Vaccine?
The CDC recommends that everyone 6 months and older be vaccinated. There are fourvaccines, which have been granted FDA approval; Pfizer BioNTech, Moderna, Novavax, and Johnson & Johnson.
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What are Coronavirus Treatment?
There's no specific treatment for COVID-19. People who get a mild case need care to ease their symptoms, like rest, fluids, and fever control. Take over-the-counter medicine for a sore throat, body aches, and fever. But don't giveaspirinto children or teens younger than 19. You might have heard that you shouldn't takeibuprofento treat COVID-19 symptoms. But the National Institutes of Health says people who have the virus can use nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) oracetaminophenas usual. Antibiotics won't help because they treat bacteria, not viruses. In January 2022, the FDA limited the use of two monoclonal treatments that previously were used to treat COVID-19 infections after it was found that they were not effective against the Omicron variant. These two monoclonal antibody treatments arebamlanivimabandetesevimab(administered together) and REGEN-COV (casirivimabandimdevimab).Sotrovimabis the only available monoclonal treatment with activity against the Omicron variant. Many clinical trials are underway to explore treatments used for other conditions that could fight COVID-19 and to develop new ones.
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What are Coronavirus (COVID-19) COVID-19 Outlook?
Every case is different. You may have mild flu-like symptoms for a few days after exposure, then get better. But some cases can be severe or fatal. Symptoms can also linger for weeks, even if they're mild. More than a third of people older than 18 who have signs of the virus aren't totally recovered 2 or 3 weeks later, according to a CDC survey. Fatigue and cough were the symptoms that were most likely to linger. Some other people who've had COVID-19 develop a condition similar to myalgic encephalomyelitis, also known as chronic fatigue syndrome. They may have brain fog, severe fatigue, pain, trouble thinking, or dizziness. What is the recovery rate for coronavirus?
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What are Past Coronaviruses?
Are coronaviruses new? Coronaviruses were first identified in the 1960s. Almost everyone gets a coronavirus infection at least once in their life, most likely as a young child. In the United States, regular coronaviruses are more common in the fall and winter, but anyone can come down with a coronavirus infection at any time. The symptoms of most coronaviruses are similar to any other upper respiratory infection, including arunny nose,coughing,sore throat, and sometimes a fever. In most cases, you won't know whether you have a coronavirus or a different cold-causing virus, such as a rhinovirus. You treat this kind of coronavirus infection the same way you treat a cold. Have there been other serious coronavirus outbreaks? Coronaviruses have led to two serious outbreaks: • Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS).About 858 people have died from MERS, which first appeared in Saudi Arabia and then in other countries in the Middle East, Africa, Asia, and Europe. In April 2014, the first American was hospitalized for MERS in Indiana, and another case was reported in Florida. Both had just returned from Saudi Arabia. In May 2015, there was an outbreak of MERS in South Korea, which was the largest outbreak outside of the Arabian Peninsula. • Severe acute respiratory syndrome(SARS).In 2003, 774 people died from an outbreak. As of 2015, there were no further reports of cases of SARS.
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Daniel Campbell, PA-C: What makes you passionate about being a healthcare provider?
In your opinion, what should be the role of a primary care provider for a patient, taking into account both physical health and behavioral health needs?The primary care provider is a leader and ally in health. They are responsible for applying best practices and coordinating care to achieve optimal health outcomes.
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Daniel Campbell, PA-C: In your opinion, what should be the role of a primary care provider for a patient, taking into account both physical health and behavioral health needs?
Tell us a little bit about yourself. What do you like to do in your spare time?I cherish time with my family above all else; however, I also enjoy cooking, exercising, woodworking, and spending time outdoors.
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Daniel Campbell, PA-C: Tell us a little bit about yourself. What do you like to do in your spare time?
Patients love Circle Medical because we are a…full-service primary care clinic, with over 350 board-certified providers offering easy-to-access care in 26 states. Circle Medical accepts most PPO insurance and Medicare, has no membership fees, and makes it easy to schedule same or next-day appointments that you can attend from anywhere. Our highly trained and friendly staff is accessible via our 4.8/5-star rated app, as well as three clinic locations, with more coming soon.
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What Are the Early Signs of Diabetes?
Bothtypes of diabeteshave some of the same telltale warning signs.
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Can diabetes cause headaches?
Headache may be a symptom ofhypoglycemia, or low blood sugar. It happens when your sugar or glucose level drops very low.
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What are Early Warning Signs of Type 1 Diabetes vs. Type 2 Diabetes?
How can you tell if you have diabetes? Most early symptoms are due to higher-than-normal glucose levels in your blood. While symptoms of type 1 and type 2 diabetes are the same, there's a difference in how they appear. Intype 1 diabetes, symptoms show up quickly, in just a few days or weeks, especially in children. The four most common symptoms are: • Peeing more often • Constant thirst • Tiredness and a lack of energy • Unintended weight loss Type 2diabetes symptomsmay be mild and develop more slowly, especially early on in the disease. It's possible to go for years without realizing you have the condition.
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What are Early Signs of Diabetes in Women vs. Men?
There's no major difference in early diabetes signs between men and women, but there may be a few contrasts. Women with the condition may have vaginal yeast infections and urinary tract infections more often, while men with untreated diabetes tend to lose muscle mass.
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What are Early Signs of Diabetes in Children?
Early symptoms of type 1 diabetes in children Type 1 diabetes can happen at any age but tends to crop up in children aged 5 to 6 and 11 to 13. Researchers think this is due to hormones at these ages. Symptoms include: • Extreme hunger or thirst • Peeing more often, including wetting the bed • Extreme tiredness • Blurred vision • Crankiness or behavior changes • Vaginalyeast infectionin prepubescent girls • Diaper rash in babies Early symptoms of type 2 diabetes in children Adults are more likely to get type 2 diabetes, but the disease is happening more often in kids because of obesity. Your child may not show any symptoms of the disease, but here are some to look out for: • Extreme hunger or thirst • Peeing more often • Extreme tiredness • Blurred vision • Skin darkening, especially around the neck, groin, and armpits • Unintended weight loss (this happens more often in type 1 diabetes) • Repeated infections
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What are Early Signs of Gestational Diabetes?
High blood sugar duringpregnancyusually has no symptoms. You might feel a little thirstier than normal, have to pee more often, have a dry mouth, or feel tired.
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What are Warning Signs of Diabetes Complications?
Signs of type 2 diabetes complications may include: • Slow-healing sores or cuts • Itchy skin (usually around the vaginal or groin area) • Frequent yeast infections • Recent weight gain • Velvety, dark skin changes of the neck, armpit, and groin, calledacanthosis nigricans • Numbness and tingling of the hands andfeet • Decreased vision • Impotence orerectile dysfunction(ED) Learn about what you can do to lower your risk of diabetes complications.
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What are Diabetes Warning Signs When to Call Your Doctor?
If you're older than 45 or have other risks for diabetes, it's important to get tested. When you spot the condition early, you can avoid nerve damage,hearttrouble, and other complications. As a general rule, call your doctor if you: • Feel sick to your stomach, weak, and very thirsty • Are peeing a lot • Have a bad belly ache • Are breathing more deeply and faster than normal • Have sweet breath that smells like nail polish remover (a sign of very high ketones)
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What are Diabetes Warning Signs Takeaways?
Diabetes often starts with mild symptoms such as feeling very hungry and tired, needing to pee a lot, being very thirsty, having a dry mouth, itchy skin, and blurry vision. Type 1 diabetes symptoms appear quickly and are more severe, whiletype 2 symptomsdevelop slowly. It's important to see a doctor if you have symptoms or have a higher chance of getting diabetes to avoid serious health problems.
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What are Editorial Integrity?
Our mission is to bring you the most objective, trustworthy, and accurate health information. Our daily goal is to ensure that WebMD is your practical and relevant content source for health and medicine. We are committed to providing information on a wide variety of health topics, and rather than filtering certain types of information that may or may not be applicable to any one individual's personal health, we rely on you, our reader, to choose the information that is most appropriate for you. However, the original editorial information we provide is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition. Never disregard professional medical advice or delay in seeking it because of something you have read on the WebMD Site! The following sections detail our content policies and procedures.
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What are Editorial Policy Our Content Is Different?
It's more reliable. In a medium often accused of providing outdated and inaccurate information, WebMD stands out as a credible, authoritative source of health information. Our news and feature stories are based on our editors' selections of the most important and relevant health events occurring on a given day. Our news articles are more than a short summary of a study or an event. They often contain interviews with the medical researchers who authored them, plus interviews with objective experts who can put the research into context and tell the reader what it means in today's world.
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What are Editorial Policy Original Content Process?
The content that we produce and the news that we feature is determined by our staff of physicians and medical journalists. It contains the latest information from reliable sources including the most important peer-reviewed medical journals, announcements from federal health agencies, and analyses on the latest health trends. Our experienced health reporters talk daily with prominent medical leaders, providing in-depth analyses, updates, and profiles that give our health news and content a perspective found nowhere else. Every original article is reviewed by our staff of full-time, board-certified physician editors.The WebMD Group uses AI to help in the creation of content only when it is informed by our newsroom values and principles. AI is one of several tools we use in the creation of content. All content undergoes human vetting and fact-checking before it is published.
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What are Editorial Policy Licensed and Third Party Content?
When WebMD licenses health and wellness content from third-parties for publication on our site, the WebMD senior Editorial editors and physician editors review the third-party's editorial policies and procedures for consistency with the WebMD Editorial Policies.
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What are Editorial Policy Educational Collaborations?
WebMD works with government and other not for profit organizations or associations whose primary mission is to educate the public on health topics or issues. We use a specific framework of criteria to review and select these organizations and work with them to create or select content within specific topic areas. The content is created by WebMD, reviewed and edited by the third party, and then edited and approved by WebMD's editorial staff. Just like all of WebMD's editorial content, this category of content is subject to WebMD's editorial policy and process for accuracy, balance, and objectivity.  In these instances, we place descriptive text at the top of the page to let the user know that WebMD created the content with assistance and collaboration from the organization or association with whom we worked. In addition, the hyperlinked"educational collaboration", linked to its definition, will be followed by the name of the organization with whom we worked to create the content. We also disclose if there was additional funding by other third parties who have no control over the content.
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What are Editorial Policy Advertising?
As more fully described in our Advertising Policy, WebMD accepts advertising on the WebMD Network from Advertisers, which may include third party banners, badges, contextual advertising and content created or provided by an Advertiser (collectively referred to as “Advertisements”, “Advertising”, or "From Our Advertiser"). Some advertisements, which may appear as text paragraphs, thumbnail pictures, badges, or other types of text or pictures, are what is known as “native advertisements” and appear adjacent to editorial content. These ads are labelled "Sponsor Content", "From Our Sponsor", “By (our Sponsor)”, “Provided by (our Sponsor)” or “From (our Sponsor).” Regardless of the form of an advertisement, the Advertiser is responsible for the accuracy and objectivity of their Advertising and it is subject to our Advertising Policy. Advertising is not reviewed by the WebMD Editorial Staff and is not subject to this Editorial Policy.
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• Profiles for3 million+ physicians • Book appointments onlineincluding Video Visit and Chat Now options • Findaward winning hospitalsby specialty
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What Is Heart Failure?
Heart failure is when your heart can't pump enough blood to provide your body with the blood and oxygen it needs. If you have this condition, it doesn't mean your heart stops working. It means your heart doesn't work as efficiently as usual. Blood moves through your heart and body at a slower rate, and pressure in your heart raises.
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What Is the Outlook for People With Heart Failure?
With the right care, heart failure may not stop you from doing the things you enjoy. Your prognosis or outlook for the future will depend on how well your heart muscle is functioning, your symptoms, and how well you respond to and follow your treatment plan.
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Can heart failure be reversed?
That depends on the cause. Doctors consider heart failure reversed when the EF goes back to normal.
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Heart Failure: How can I prevent further damage to my kidneys?
Heart failure raises your risk ofchronic kidney disease. Your damaged heart sends less blood to your kidneys. Without oxygen-rich blood, your kidneys can't filter your blood as well. Heart failure and kidney disease also share risks like diabetes and high blood pressure.
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How long can a person live with congestive heart failure?
Around half of people with congestive heart failure live for at least 5 years. How long you live depends on how severe your heart failure is and how you treat it.
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What are Heart Failure Symptoms?
You may not have any symptoms of heart failure. If you do have symptoms, they might be constant or come and go. They can be so mild you barely notice them or severe enough to affect your daily life.
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What are Heart Failure Types?
Heart failure can affect the left side of the heart, the right side of the heart, or both sides. Doctors also classify heart failure based on how well the heart can still pump. Left-sided heart failure.This is the most common type. The left side of the heart, called the left ventricle, does most of the pumping. In left-sided heart failure, the left ventricle can't pump as much blood. The extra blood pools in the pulmonary veins—blood vesselsthat carry blood away from the lungs. Doctors divide left-sided heart failure into two types based on the heart's pumping ability: Systolic heart failurehappens when the heart muscle doesn't contract with enough force to pump enough blood out to the body. Another name for this is heart failure with reducedejection fraction(EF). EF measures how well your heart pumps with each beat. Diastolic heart failureis when the heart contracts normally, but the ventricles don't relax properly or are too stiff. Less blood can fill the heart. Another name for this is heart failure with preserved EF. Your doctor can tell you which of these conditions you have.
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What are Heart Failure Diagnosis?
Your doctor will ask questions like these about your medical history: • Do you have any conditions that can cause heart failure, such as CAD, diabetes,heart valve disease,or high blood pressure? • Do you smoke? • Do you use any drugs? • Do you drink alcohol, and if so, how much? • Which medications do you take? Your doctor will also ask about your symptoms and do a physical exam. They will listen to your heart and look for signs of heart failure. And they will check for other illnesses that may have made your heart muscle weak or stiff. Your doctor may also order tests like these to find the cause of your heart failure and to see how severe it is: • Blood tests.You may have tests to see how well your kidneys and thyroid gland work. Other blood tests check for high cholesterol levels and anemia—too few of the healthy red blood cells that transport oxygen through your body. • B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) blood test.BNP is a hormone your heart releases. High BNP blood levels can mean your heart doesn't pump as well as it should. • Chest X-ray.A chest X-ray shows the size of your heart and whether there is fluid buildup around the heart and lungs. • Echocardiogram.This is an ultrasound that shows the heart's movement, structure, and function. • EKG or ECG.AnEKGrecords the electrical impulses that travel through your heart. • Cardiac catheterization.This procedure shows your doctor how well your heart works and whether CAD caused your congestive heart failure. • Stress test.This test shows how well your heart pumps while you exercise and if there are problems with blood flow. It can help your doctor diagnose coronary heart disease.
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What are Heart Failure Treatment?
There are more treatment options available forheart failurethan ever before. Lifestyle changes, medication, and careful monitoring are the first steps. If the condition gets worse, you may need to see a doctor who specializes in treating heart failure. The goals of heart failure treatment are to prevent it from getting worse, relieve symptoms, and improve your quality of life. Your doctor might first recommend lifestyle changes like these for early-stage heart failure: • Weight loss • Exercise • A healthy, low-sodium diet • Smoking cessation • Stress management • Enough sleep Some common types of medicines used to treat heart failure are: • Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitorsand angiotensin receptor blockers to relax blood vessels • Beta blockers to slow the heart rate • Angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitors to open up arteries and improve blood flow • Digoxin to strengthen the heartbeat and help it pump more blood • Diuretics and aldosterone antagonists to get rid of extra fluid in the body • Hydralazine or isosorbide dinitrate to widen blood vessels • Potassium to control the heart rhythm • Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors to lower blood sugar and blood pressure
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What are Stages of Heart Failure?
Heart failure often progresses or gets worse over time. The American Heart Association and American College of Cardiology divide heart failure into four stages, based on how severe it is. Your doctor will recommend treatments for your stage of heart failure.
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What are Heart Failure Treatment Is a Team Effort?
Heart failure management is a team effort, and you are the key player on the team. Your heart doctor will prescribe your medications and manage other medical problems. Other team members—including nurses, dietitians, pharmacists, exercise specialists, and social workers—will help you achieve success. If you notice anything unusual, don't wait until your next appointment to discuss it with your doctor. Call them right away if you have: • Unexplained weight gain (more than 2 pounds in a day or 5 pounds in a week) • Swelling in your ankles, feet, legs, or belly that gets worse • Shortness of breath that gets worse or happens more often, especially if you wake up feeling that way • Bloating with a loss of appetite ornausea • Extreme fatigue or more trouble finishing your daily activities • A lung infection or a cough that gets worse • Fast heart rate (above 100 beats per minute or a rate noted by your doctor) • New irregular heartbeat • Chest pain or discomfort during activity that gets better if you rest • Trouble breathing during regular activities or at rest • Changes in how you sleep, like having a hard time sleeping or feeling the need to sleep a lot more than usual • Less of a need to pee • Restlessness, confusion • Constant dizziness or lightheadedness
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What are Heart Failure Takeaways?
About one-quarter of Americans will develop heart failure in their lifetime. Conditions like high blood pressure, diabetes, and CAD raise the risk. If your doctor has diagnosed you with heart failure, make sure you are on a treatment plan and that you follow your doctor's advice to protect your heart from further damage.
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What are Heart Failure FAQs?
• How long can a person live with congestive heart failure? Around half of people with congestive heart failure live for at least 5 years. How long you live depends on how severe your heart failure is and how you treat it.
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What Is Hepatitis C?
Hepatitis C is liver inflammation and damage caused by infection with the hepatitis C virus. Hep C can cause a mild illness that lasts a short time (acute) or a serious illness that can last the rest of your life (chronic).
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How Do You Get Hepatitis C?
You get infected with the hepatitis C virus when you come into contact with the blood of someone else who is infected. It doesn't take much blood; even a drop has enough virus in it to infect you.
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Is Hepatitis C Curable?
Yes, hepatitis C can be cured in most people with a direct-acting antiviral (DAA) medication.
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What is the main cause of hepatitis C?
Hepatitis C is caused by infection with the hep C virus. In the U.S., most people are exposed to the hepatitis C virus by sharing needles, syringes, and other equipment used to inject drugs.
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Can your liver heal from hepatitis C?
Yes, your liver should be able to heal itself once you've gotten treatment — unless you've developed cirrhosis of the liver. Cirrhosis is irreversible, but if you stop the damage to your liver, you may be able to slow or stop it from advancing further. If you have chronic hepatitis C, you are at risk of developing cirrhosis. See your doctor for treatment.
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Is hepatitis B or C worse?
Both hepatitis B and C infections can cause liver damage. Hepatitis B is more prevalent and can be passed through blood or sexual contact, so it's easier to become infected with hepatitis B. However, hepatitis C is more likely to develop into a chronic condition, which puts you at risk for cirrhosis and liver cancer. Also, many people don't know they have hepatitis C because it doesn't always cause symptoms. In that respect, hepatitis C may be worse because although it's easy to cure, it may cause serious complications if you don't know you have it.
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What are Stages of Hepatitis C?
Most people won't notice they have been infected with the hepatitis C virus because they either don't have any symptoms or only get them many weeks later. A hepatitis C infection may go through several stages, including: Incubation period This is the time between when you are first exposed to hep C and the start of your symptoms. During this time, the virus is reproducing itself inside your cells. It'll keep doing this until the levels of virus in your body get high enough for your immune system to recognize it as an infection. This period can last from 2 weeks to 6 months. Acute hepatitis C This is when you may start to notice symptoms if you have them. Only about 20% of people will have symptoms. This can last up to 3 months. Some people can fight off the virus during this time without needing any treatment. Chronic hepatitis C Most people (about 80%) can't fight off the virus without treatment. In this case, you will develop chronic hepatitis C. Hep C infection causes inflammation in your liver that will eventually lead to damage and permanent scarring (cirrhosis). Cirrhosis of the liver is a serious condition that can get worse over time.
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What are Hepatitis C Symptoms?
Many people (about 80%) who are infected with hepatitis C have no symptoms. This means they can't tell that they're infected. If you do get symptoms, they usually won't show up until 2 weeks to 6 months after you're infected. If you think you may have been infected with hep C, look for the followingsymptoms: • Fatigue, feeling more tired than usual or so tired you can't function • Fever • Loss of appetite • Nausea and vomiting • Belly pain • Dark yellow pee and clay-colored (pale beige or gray) poop • Joint pain • Jaundice,when your skin, the whites of your eyes, and yourmucous membranesturn yellow You may not have all of these, but if you have a few of them, you should go see your doctor for a checkup.
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What are Advanced Hepatitis C Symptoms?
If you have chronic hepatitis C, you probably won't notice any symptoms until you start to have complications from liver damage. Liver damage is the cause of cirrhosis of the liver, which is when most of your healthy liver tissue has been replaced with scar tissue. When this happens, your liver can't function very well. This process can take 10-30 years. This is why it's important for you to get screened for hepatitis C infection by your doctor.
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What are Hepatitis C Testing?
Your doctor will likely start by checking your blood for: Anti-HCV antibodies.These are proteins your body makes when it finds the hep C virus in your blood. They usually show up about 12 weeks after infection. It usually takes a few days to a week to get results, though a rapid test (with results ready in about 30 minutes) is available in some places. Your results may include: • Nonreactive (negative). This means you're not currently infected with hep C. If you think you've been exposed within the last 6 months, you will need to be tested again to make sure because it can take a while for your antibody levels to rise high enough to be detected on a test. • Reactive (positive). This means that you have been infected with hep C at some point, but you may not be currently infected. Your immune system may have fought off the virus on its own without treatment. If you're positive or think you've been exposed to the hep C virus within in past 6 months, your doctor will order a test called a qualitative nucleic acid test (NAT) to look for the virus currently in your blood. This measures the number of viral RNA (genetic material from the hepatitis virus) particles in your blood. They usually show up 1-2 weeks after you’re infected.
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What are Hepatitis C Treatment?
If you have an acute infection, your doctor may wait to see if your immune system will fight it off on its own before treating you. But if you're currently positive for hepatitis C virus, talk to your doctor about treatment as soon as possible. In most cases (95% of the time), treatment with an antiviral medicine can cure the infection in about 8-12 weeks. This can keep you from getting long-term liver damage. You and your doctor will figure out the best therapy and how long you’ll need to take it based on a few things. These include: • The genotype of hepatitis C you're infected with • The condition of yourliver • Other health problems you may have If you have chronic hepatitis C infection, your doctor may prescribe any of the following direct-acting antiviral (DAA) medicines: • Daclatasvir (Daklinza) • Elbasvir-grazoprevir (Zepatier) • Glecaprevir/pibrentasvir (Mavyret) • Ledipasvir/sofosbuvir (Harvoni) • Ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir (Technivie) • Ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir/dasabuvir (Viekira Pak) • Simeprevir (Olysio) • Sofosbuvir (Sovaldi) • Sofosbuvir/velpatasvir (Epclusa) • Sofosbuvir/velpatasvir/voxilaprevir (Vosevi) You may also get a prescription for one of these older medicines along with your DAA medicine: • Ribavirin. This is an antiviral in the nucleoside analog class. You may get this to take along with peginterferon alfa-2a (Pegasys) or peginterferon alfa-2b (PEG-Intron). • Peginterferon alfa-2a (Pegasys). This is a medicine that acts like a protein your immune system makes. It's used to treat both hepatitis B and C by reducing the amount of virus in your body. • Peginterferon alfa-2b (PEG-Intron). This is another medicine that acts like a protein your immune system makes. It's used mainly to treat hepatitis C.
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What are Hepatitis C Medication Side Effects?
Your side effects will depend on the medicine you take. The most common side effects of antiviral medicines include: • Diarrhea • Headache • Nausea • Fatigue • Sleep problems (trouble falling asleep or staying asleep) • Signs of liver injury, such as right upper belly pain, loss of appetite, nausea, dark pee, light-colored poop, yellowing of the skin and eyes, unusual weakness or fatigue As with many medicines, you may have an allergic reaction to antiviral medicines, such as skin rash, itching, hives, or swelling of your face, lips, and tongue. This can develop into a life-threatening reaction very fast, so go to the ER as soon as possible.
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What are Hepatitis C Complications?
About 75%-85% of people who are infected with hepatitis C, develop chronic hepatitis C. If you don't get treatment, you may develop: Cirrhosis, or scarring of the liver.This is a process during which your healthy liver tissue is replaced with scar tissue. As scar tissue builds up, your liver may begin to fail.
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What are Hepatitis C Questions for Your Doctor?
When you visit the doctor, you may want to ask questions to get the information that you need to manage yourhepatitis C. If you can, have a family member or friend take notes. You might ask: 1. What kinds of tests will I need? 2. Are there any medications that might help? 3. What are the side effects of the medications you might prescribe? 4. How do I know when I should call the doctor? 5. How much exercise can I get, and is it all right to have sex? 6. Which drugs should I avoid? 7. What can I do to prevent the disease from getting worse? 8. How can I avoid spreading hepatitis C to others? 9. Are my family members at risk for hepatitis C? 10. Should I be vaccinated against other types of hepatitis? 11. How will you keep tabs on the condition of my liver?
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What are Hepatitis C Takeaways?
Hepatitis C is liver inflammation and damage caused by an infection with the hepatitis C virus. Many people have the virus without realizing it, as it doesn't always cause symptoms. It spreads when you come into contact with the blood of a person who is infected. You may develop chronic hepatitis C, which may lead to complications, such as cirrhosis of the liver and liver failure. But with DAA medicines, about 95% of people can be cured. After treatment, make sure you follow the healthy habits your doctor has suggested and go for all of your follow-up tests.
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What are Hepatitis C FAQs?
What is the main cause of hepatitis C? Hepatitis C is caused by infection with the hep C virus. In the U.S., most people are exposed to the hepatitis C virus by sharing needles, syringes, and other equipment used to inject drugs. Can your liver heal from hepatitis C? Yes, your liver should be able to heal itself once you've gotten treatment — unless you've developed cirrhosis of the liver. Cirrhosis is irreversible, but if you stop the damage to your liver, you may be able to slow or stop it from advancing further. If you have chronic hepatitis C, you are at risk of developing cirrhosis. See your doctor for treatment.
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What Is Ketosis?
Ketosis is a process that happens when your body doesn't have enough carbohydrates to burn for energy. Instead, it burns fat and makes things called ketones, which it can use for fuel.
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How do I know if I'm in ketosis?
You can measure the level of ketones in your body. If the level isbetween 0.5 and 3.0 (mmol/L), you're in nutritional ketosis.
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Is ketosis good for the body?
Several studies have found that keto diets can help people lose weight. It's sometimes recommended for kids withepilepsy.
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What happens when you're in ketosis?
Because your body doesn't have enough carbohydrates, it turns to fat for fuel.
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What are Ketosis and the Keto Diet?
"Keto" diets are popular weight loss programs that promote ketosis.In addition to helping you burn fat, ketosis can make you feel less hungry. It also helps you keep muscle. For healthy people who don't have diabetes and aren't pregnant, ketosis usually kicks in after 3 or 4 days of eating fewer than 50 grams of carbohydrates per day. That's about three slices of bread, a cup of low-fat fruit yogurt, or two small bananas. You can start ketosis by fasting, too. A diet high in fat and protein but very low in carbs is called a ketogenic or "keto" diet.
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What are Keto Meal Plan?
A keto meal plan doesn't completely cut out carbs, but you should limit yourself to 50 grams per day. You may think of carbs as things such as bread and pasta, but fruits are high in carbs, too. Vegetables Every day, you should eat five servings of non-starchy vegetables. (A serving is about 1/2 cup of cooked veggies or one cup of raw veggies.) Non-starchy vegetables you can find easily include: • Artichokes • Asparagus • Green and wax beans • Beets • Broccoli • Brussels sprouts • Cabbage • Cauliflower • Celery • Cucumbers • Eggplant • Greens such as collard, mustard, kale, and turnip • Mushrooms • Okra • Peppers • Radishes • Salad greens such asendive, escarole, lettuce, romaine, spinach, arugula, radicchio, and watercress • Squash • Tomato • Turnips Protein Aim for at least 60 grams of protein every day. Good sources include: • Poultry • Lean meat • Fish • Plant-based proteins You might not be as hungry as usual when you're aiming for ketosis. Try eating the protein part of your meal first to make sure you meet your protein goals.
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What are Ketosis Health Benefits?
Ketosis can have some benefits beyond weight loss. Doctors may put children who have epilepsy on a keto diet because it can help prevent seizures. Adults who have epilepsy sometimes eat modified Atkins diets. Some research suggests that ketogenic diets might help lower your risk of heart disease. Other studies show that specific diets very low in carbs help people who have diseases such as: • Metabolic syndrome • Insulin resistance • Type 2 diabetes Researchers are also studying the effects of these diets on conditions including: • Acne • Cancer • Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) • Nervous system diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Lou Gehrig's disease
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What are Ketosis Symptoms and Side Effects?
During the first week of a keto diet, you might start to feel bad. Some people call this the "keto flu," but it isn’t an official medical condition. Some doctors think this is due to sugar and carbohydrate withdrawal. Or it could be because of changes to your gut bacteria or an immune system reaction. You might notice temporary side effects such as: • Headache • Fatigue • Brain fog • Irritability • Constipation • Trouble sleeping • Nausea • Stomachache • Dizziness • Sugar cravings • Cramps • Sore muscles • Bad breath, also known as ketosis breath
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What are Ketosis and Weight Gain?
Not everyone loses weight in ketosis. There are several possible reasons for this. One is that some foods considered keto-friendly -- avocados, for instance -- are high in calories. Eating too much of these foods will make it hard to lose weight. Some research suggests that your genetic makeup can affect how well your body responds to a keto diet. If you're not losing weight, you might have an underlying medical issue, or the medicine you take could be interfering with weight loss. Some key factors may include: • Thyroid issues • PCOS • Hormonal birth control • Medications such as beta-blockers and antidepressants
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What are Ketosis Supplements?
Some over-the-counter supplements claim to raise your ketone levels. They come as pills, powders, oils, and other forms. There isn’t much research on whether they work or if they’re safe. Talk to your doctor before you start taking any supplements.
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What are Ketosis vs. Ketoacidosis?
If you're healthy and eating a balanced diet, your body controls how much fat it burns so you don't usually make or use ketones. But when you cut way back on your calories or carbs, your body will switch to ketosis for energy. It can also happen after you exercise for a long time and during pregnancy.
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What are Ketosis Treatment?
Ketosis isn't harmful in an otherwise healthy person and requires no treatment. If you progress to ketoacidosis, however, you'll need quick medical attention.
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What are Ketones Test?
You can find out how much ketosis is going on in your body by testing forketonesin your blood or urine. You can buy test strips to check your pee at home. Some blood sugar meters can measure ketones in your blood. If you don't know how and when to test your ketones, talk to your doctor or diabetes instructor. High levels of ketones are dangerous. Ketosis levels Here are some guidelines on ketones readings: • Nutritional ketosis: Between 0.5 and 3.0 (mmol/L) • High risk for ketoacidosis: Above 3.0 (mmol/L) If you're diabetic, a reading between1.6 and 3 (mmol/L) indicates some risk for ketoacidosis, and you should check with your doctor.
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What are Keto Diet Takeaways?
When you're in ketosis, your body doesn't have enough carbohydrates, so it turns to burning fat for fuel. The fat is turned into a substance called ketones. You can achieve ketosis by following a low-carb, high-protein diet, sometimes called a keto diet. Some research shows that keto diets can help people lose weight. They also might have benefits for people withtype 2 diabetes,insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome. When you're in ketosis, you may have headaches, fatigue, stomach upset, and irritability, among other side effects. Some people develop an odd smell to their breath. If your level of ketones gets too high, you're in danger of ketoacidosis, a condition that requires immediate medical attention.
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What are Ketosis FAQs?
How do I know if I'm in ketosis? You can measure the level of ketones in your body. If the level isbetween 0.5 and 3.0 (mmol/L), you're in nutritional ketosis. Is ketosis good for the body? Several studies have found that keto diets can help people lose weight. It's sometimes recommended for kids withepilepsy. What happens when you're in ketosis? Because your body doesn't have enough carbohydrates, it turns to fat for fuel.
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Lindsay Mann, FNP-BC: What makes you passionate about being a healthcare provider?
I began my health care career in 2011 as a registered nurse caring for patients in labor and delivery. I was inspired to become a nurse practitioner by caring for vulnerable women in labor with preventable health conditions that ultimately led to poor birth outcomes. The experience gave me a passion for preventing disease by improving access to primary care.
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Lindsay Mann, FNP-BC: In your opinion, what should be the role of a primary care provider for a patient, taking into account both physical health and behavioral health needs?
I believe that primary care providers should be approachable, competent, and compassionate. Being a PCP is a privilege and should be built on shared decision making and mutual respect so that the full potential of the patient is met.
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Lindsay Mann, FNP-BC: Tell us a little bit about yourself. What do you like to do in your spare time?
I enjoy riding my Peloton, singing karaoke, and spending time with my husband, daughter, and dachshund "Snoopy".
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Morning-After Pill: What Is Emergency Contraception?
Like other forms ofbirth control, emergency contraception stops you fromgetting pregnant. The difference is that you can use it after you have sex instead of only before or during sex.
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Morning-After Pill: When Might You Need Emergency Contraception?
You may need to use emergency contraception if you wereforced to have sex against your will, if acondombroke or slipped off during sex, or if you miss two or more birth control pills during a monthly cycle.
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Morning-After Pill: How Does Emergency Contraception Work?
Emergency oralcontraceptionworks primarily by delaying or stoppingovulation. Hormone-based medications such as levonorgestrel pills may preventpregnancyby temporarily blocking eggs from being released.
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Morning-After Pill: Which Type of Emergency Contraception Is Best for Me?
There are lots of good options. But the best one for you depends on different things. Your age is a factor, for instance, because some nonprescription products have age limits. Also, your insurance may cover only certain types.
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Morning-After Pill: How Long After Having Sex Will Emergency Contraception Still Work?
The sooner you take emergency contraception, the more effective it will be. Studies show that if you take emergencycontraceptionwithin 72 hours of sex, you have only a 1%-2% chance of getting pregnant.
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Morning-After Pill: Will Any Supplements or Medications Affect How Well Emergency Contraception Works?
Some meds andsupplements-- such as theepilepsydrug Dilantin,antibioticssuch as rifampicin or griseofulvin, and St. John's wort -- can stop emergency contraception pills from working normally. To be safe, tell your doctor or pharmacist about other drugs andsupplementsyou take.
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