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1,778,116,460,560
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:Parameters} It is a well-established experimental fact that charged particles, accelerating under the action of externally imposed electromagnetic fields, emit radiation~\citep{lienard.ee.1898,wiechert.an.1900}. The characteristics of this radiation depend strongly upon the magnitude ...
1,778,116,460,561
arxiv
\section{Overview} We formalize the cohomology of coherent sheaves and sheaves of Abelian groups on Noetherian schemes in a weak set theory interpretable in second order arithmetic. In brief, much cohomology uses countable sets. But this doubly understates the result. Use of countable sets could reach high consist...
1,778,116,460,562
arxiv
\subsection{The Bayesian probability distribution of the expansion parameter} We use information theory arguments to understand the expected behaviour of the expansion convergence rate. Let us look at the ratio of different expansion terms, \begin{equation} r_{k-l}^{M_1}\delta^{k-l}=\left|\frac{c^{{\text {N}}^k\text{...
1,778,116,460,563
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Neutron stars are the most compact non-singular objects observed in the Universe. The theoretical densities of these objects range from about $10^4~\rm{g}~\rm{cm}^{-3}$ at the surface of the crust \citep{chamel+08} to above nuclear density of around $10^{14}~\rm{g}~\rm{cm}^{-3}$ in the core \cit...
1,778,116,460,564
arxiv
\section{Introduction} One of the most striking differences between classical and quantum correlations is the restricted capability of quantum states to share entanglement. The decay of entanglement cannot be restored by local operations and classical communications, which is one of the main obstacles to achieve the q...
1,778,116,460,565
arxiv
\section*{Acknowledgements} \vspace{-2ex} \par\noindent We would like to thank Saurya Das for useful correspondences. This research project was supported by a grant from the ``\textit{Research Center of the Female Scientific and Medical Colleges}", Deanship of Scientific Research, King Saud University.
1,778,116,460,566
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Robustness of routing policies for flow networks is a central problem which is gaining increased attention with a growing awareness to safeguard critical infrastructure networks against natural and man-induced disruptions. Information constraints limit the efficiency and resilience of such routin...
1,778,116,460,567
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The dS/CFT proposal \cite{Balasubramanian2001,Strominger2001,Maldacena2002,Witten2001} conjectures that `the' wave function of the universe with asymptotic de Sitter (dS) boundary conditions is given in terms of the partition function of a Euclidean CFT deformed by various operators. But which w...
1,778,116,460,568
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Recent work has shown that language models -- both RNN variants like the multiplicative LSTM (mLSTM) \protect\cite{Krause2016}, as well as the attention-based Transformer network \protect\cite{Transformer2017} -- can be trained efficiently over very large datasets, and that the resulting models c...
1,778,116,460,569
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A pseudoholomorphic curve (to the author's knowledge, first studied in \cite{NW}) is a smooth map from a Riemann surface into an almost complex manifold $(M, J)$ that satisfies the Cauchy-Riemann equation. Gromov \cite{Gr} first introduced this notion as a fundamental tool to study symplectic ma...
1,778,116,460,570
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Warnings and secure user behavior seems to have a perennially fraught relationship, despite the rich mediation of usability \cite{Egelman, Akhawe}, interaction/visual design \cite{Felt}, and behavioral insights \cite{Wash, Roberts}. It is understandable that the complexity of this problem require...
1,778,116,460,571
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The Yukawa sector of the standard model (SM) contains a large number of redundant parameters. The presence of the redundant parameters is not related to a symmetry in the SM. That is, they will appear in higher orders in perturbation theory even if they are set equal to zero at the level. Th...
1,778,116,460,572
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) admits two interesting limits, which can be treated by similar methods. In the sector of the heavy quarks ($c$ and $b$) one observes to leading order the so--called heavy quark and the related spin symmetry~\cite{HQ}. The heavy quarks can be treated in a non--relativ...
1,778,116,460,573
arxiv
\section*{Introduction} The structure set ${\mathcal S}^{TOP}(M)$ of an $n$-dimensional topological manifold $M$ is the pointed set of equivalence classes of pairs $(N,f)$ with $N$ an $n$-dimensional manifold and $f:N \to M$ a homotopy equivalence, with $(N_1,f_1)=(N_2,f_2) \in {\mathcal S}^{TOP}(M)$ if and only if $(...
1,778,116,460,574
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In the Euclidean case $\mathbb{R}^n$ (for some positive integer $n$), it is well-known by Malgrange \cite{Malgrange} and Ehrenpreis \cite{Ehrenpreis1} that all linear differential operators with constant coefficients $$ D=\sum_{|\alpha| \leq m} c_\alpha D^\alpha, \;\;\; D^\alpha=\frac{\partial^{...
1,778,116,460,575
arxiv
\section{Introductory remarks} \label{sec:Intro} The nuclear many-body problem has been the object of enormous theoretical attention for decades. Apart from the non-relativistic treatments based upon realistic two-body forces~\cite{john,wff}, there are also studies of three-body effects and higher~\cite{dim}. The impo...
1,778,116,460,576
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} We consider a spin $1/2$ charged particle on the Lobachevsky plane subjected to a time-independent magnetic field corresponding to a discrete system of singular flux tubes perpendicular to the plane. Let us denote by $H^+$ and $H^-$ the two components of the Pauli operator for ...
1,778,116,460,577
arxiv
\subsection{\@startsection{subsection}{2}{0mm} {-10.5dd plus-8pt minus-4pt}{10.5dd} {\normalsize\upshape}} \makeatother \begin{document} \title[Parabolic generating pairs] {Classification of parabolic generating pairs of Kleinian groups with two parabolic generators} \dedicatory{Dedicated to Professor Bruno ...
1,778,116,460,578
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In multi-armed bandits (MABs), a learner repeatedly chooses an action or arm from action sets given in an environment and observes the reward for the chosen arm. The goal is to find a rule for choosing arms to maximize the expected cumulative rewards. A linear contextual bandit is an MAB with ...
1,778,116,460,579
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} Models of athermal ($T=0$) particles, interacting through soft-core repulsive interactions, have been used to study a wide variety of granular systems, such as dry granular materials, foams, emulsions, and non-Brownian suspensions. Most such works have focused on the simplest case ...
1,778,116,460,580
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $G$ be a graph. Its edge stability number, $\rm{es}_{\chi}(G)$, is the minimum number of edges whose deletion results in a graph $H$ with $\chi(H)=\chi(G)-1$. Edge stability number was introduced in 1980 by Staton~\cite{S}, and rediscoverd in 2008 by Arumugam, Sahul Hamid and Muthukamatchi~\...
1,778,116,460,581
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this introductory section we review fundamentals of $\Gamma$-minimax estimation, wavelet shrinkage, and Bayesian approaches to wavelet shrinkage. \subsection{$\Gamma$-minimax theory} $\Gamma$-minimax paradigm, originally proposed by Robbins (1951), deals with the problem of selecting decision ...
1,778,116,460,582
arxiv
\section{Introduction} After the discovery of the Higgs boson, the ATLAS and CMS experiments have constrained several beyond the Standard Model scenarios. In particular, in supersymmetric (SUSY) extensions of the Standard Model the lack of discovery of new coloured states put strong constraints on the spectrum, exclud...
1,778,116,460,583
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Two of the most promising quantum technologies are quantum metrology and quantum communications. In the former, quantum correlations are used to measure quantities with a precision beyond what could be achieved by any classical means with the same resources \cite{Giovannetti2011-ma}; in the latt...
1,778,116,460,584
arxiv
\section{Introduction} How long does it take to deplete a finite amount of resources? This fundamental question naturally appears in many aspects of our everyday life and in various disciplines, including economics and ecology. On a global scale, it may concern renewable and non-renewable natural resources suc...
1,778,116,460,585
arxiv
\subsection{Expressions} In this work we consider the following set of expressions \begin{definition}[expressions\vspace{-1mm}% ]\label{def:exp} \begin{displaymath}\vspace{-3.5mm} \begin{array}{lclr} \textbf{Exprs}\quad e & :: = & c & \text{(constants)}\\ &\mid& x & \text{(variables)}\\ &\mid& (e,e) & \text{(pairs)}...
1,778,116,460,586
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Deep learning techniques have renewed the perspectives of the research and industrial community. This success is due to the fact that deep learning~\cite{goodfellow2016deep}, a branch of machine learning that favors multi-layered neural networks, can learn data-driven features and classifiers, a...
1,778,116,460,587
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \begin{figure*}[t] \includegraphics[width=.9\linewidth]{totImage.png} \caption{Different Illustrations of the Empirical Data} \label{fig:totImg} \end{figure*} Improving energy efficiency of mobile applications is a topic that has gained a lot of attention recently \cite{cruz2019catalog}....
1,778,116,460,588
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Gluon and ghost propagators are powerful tools in the (non-perturbative) investigation of the infra-red (IR) limit of QCD and are thus of central importance for understanding confinement (see e.\ g.\ \cite{Alkofer2000,Holl:2006ni}). In fact, according to the Gribov-Zwanziger \cite{Gribov:1977wm...
1,778,116,460,589
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \footnote{This is the peer reviewed version of the article which has been published in final form at \textit{Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications} (\href{http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pip.2787}{DOI: 10.1002/pip.2787}). This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance...
1,778,116,460,590
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \thispagestyle{firstpage} \subsection{Background} Electricity load forecasts are crucial in assuring the development and optimal operation of power systems, which have always been a significant challenge for any country regardless of their economical state. Load forecasts, both at demand and gene...
1,778,116,460,591
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Building generative models of natural images has been a fundamental problem in machine learning. Such generative models are expected to estimate the probability distributions over the natural images. One of the most striking techniques is the family of generative adversarial networks (GANs) suc...
1,778,116,460,592
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Air traffic control (ATC) is the backbone of what is arguably the key means of personal transport in the modern world. As traffic continues to grow dramatically, ATC has to manage ever more aircraft. Large European airports, such as London Heathrow or Frankfurt/Main, experience spikes of more th...
1,778,116,460,593
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Wearable communications devices are rapidly making inroads, thanks to advancements in miniature electronics fabrication, wireless communications, batteries, and data analytics. The Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) \cite{zigbee} is recently garnered for the autonomous application of wearable devi...
1,778,116,460,594
arxiv
\section{Introduction}% \section{Introduction} The study of spectroscopy and the decay properties of the heavy flavor mesonic states provides us useful information about the dynamics of quarks and gluons at the hadronic scale. The remarkable progress at the experimental side, with various high energy machines, like ...
1,778,116,460,595
arxiv
\partial{\partial} \def\bigtriangledown{\bigtriangledown} \def\alpha^{'}{\alpha^{'}} \def\wedge{\wedge} \def\rangle{\rangle} \def\langle{\langle} \def\partial{\partial} \def\rightarrow{\rightarrow} \def\rightarrow{\rightarrow} \def\leftrightarrow{\leftrightarrow} \def\leftrightarrow{\leftrightarrow} \def\alpha{\alpha} ...
1,778,116,460,596
arxiv
\section*{#1}% \else \vspace{.05in}\footnotesize \parindent .2in {\upshape\bfseries #1. }\ignorespaces \fi} {\if@twocolumn\else\par\vspace{.1in}\fi} \newenvironment{keywords}{\begin{@abssec}{\keywordsname}}{\end{@abssec}} \newenvironment{AMS}{\begin{@abssec}{\AMSname}}{\end{@abssec}} \newen...
1,778,116,460,597
arxiv
\section{Introduction} After Type Ia Super Novae (SNIa) \cite{sn1a} and Cosmic Microwave Background \cite{wmap} observations in the last decade, the discovery of an accelerating expansion of the universe is a major challenge to particle physics and cosmology. Many models to explain such an accelerating expansion have ...
1,778,116,460,598
arxiv
\subsection{Galaxy selection} HATLAS\,J133337.6+241541, hereafter NGP--190387, was discovered\cite{Ivison2016} in the H-ATLAS survey\cite{Eales2010} (\textit{Herschel} Astrophysical Terahertz Large Area Survey), which was undertaken with the Spectral and Photometric Imaging Receiver\cite{Griffin2010} (SPIRE) on-board t...
1,778,116,460,599
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Network graphs emerge naturally in modeling a wide range of phenomena including social interactions, database systems, biological systems, and epidemiology. In many applications such as DNA sequencing, pattern recognition, and image processing, it is desirable to find algorithms to match correlat...
1,778,116,460,600
arxiv
\section{Introduction} When viewed at large scales, the distribution of galaxies in the Universe forms a vast network of interconnected filamentary structures, sheets, and clusters; all of which surround mostly empty voids. Commonly referred to as the cosmic web or the large-scale structure of the Universe, this arran...
1,778,116,460,601
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Future wireless networks are envisioned \changed{to consist of}{as} a massive \changed{large}{amount} of communication devices that perform network tasks autonomously. A main enabler for this vision is the ability of the network to \added{extract the useful information from} \c...
1,778,116,460,602
arxiv
\section{Introduction and Related Work} \input{introduction} \section{Problem Formulation and Background Methods} \input{problem_formulation} \section{Computing Mobile Sensor Trajectories} \input{method} \section{Numerical Experiments} \label{sec:num_exp} \input{numerical_experiments} \section{Conclusion and Futu...
1,778,116,460,603
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The abelian Higgs model at critical coupling is a classical field theory defined on a hermitian line bundle $L \rightarrow M$ over a Riemannian manifold. The variables are a $U(1)$-gauge field $A$ and a complex scalar field $\phi$, or, geometrically, a hermitian connection and a smooth section o...
1,778,116,460,604
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The ``Metaverse", which was first proposed by Neal Stephenson in his novel Snow Crash \cite{joshua2017information}, is a hypothetical synthetic environment created by computers that are linked to the physical world. A number of companies, such as Facebook, Epic Games, and Tencent, have announced...
1,778,116,460,605
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} \label{S:intro} The braking indices of pulsars are indicative of the spin-down mechanisms of neutron stars (NSs), which can be related to various aspects of NS physics. Traditional scenarios of a rotating magnetic dipole in vacuo show that pulsars should have braking indices $n=3$ (e.g., \cite{Os...
1,778,116,460,606
arxiv
\section{\label{SecI}Introduction} Shockley and Queisser (SQ) determined a theoretical estimate for the upper limit of the conversion efficiency in an ideal solar cell~\cite{SQ}. The original SQ theory takes radiative recombination into account as a main cause of the current loss in solar cells in a simple manner. T...
1,778,116,460,607
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \noindent Fix an algebraically closed field $K$ of characteristic zero. The following is the main result of this paper: \begin{theorem} \label{main} Suppose $X$ is an algebraic variety, $Z$ is an irreducible algebraic scheme, and $\phi_1,\phi_2:Z\to X$ are rational maps whose restrictions to $Z...
1,778,116,460,608
arxiv
\section*{} \section{Introduction} After the detection of the accelerated expansion of the universe the physical explanation of dark energy has become the major challenge of astronomy and physics. One way to constrain the physics behind dark energy is to measure the equation-of-state parameter w = p/($\rho$c...
1,778,116,460,609
arxiv
\section{Approximation algorithms for Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) \label{sec:theory}} A regression task has a training set ${\cal D}\!=\!\{\mathbf{x}_i,y_i\}_{i=1}^n$ with $D$-dimensional inputs $\mathbf{x}_i$ and scalar outputs $y_i$. Assuming that the outputs are noisy observations of a latent function $f$ at v...
1,778,116,460,610
arxiv
\section{Introduction} At present embedding methods such as dynamical mean field theory (DMFT)~\cite{Kotliar06}, self-energy embedding theory (SEET)~\cite{Kananenka15,Zgid17,Rusakov19,Iskakov20}, or density matrix embedding theory (DMET)~\cite{Knizia12_DMET,Knizia13_DMET} for treating realistic problems reached a sign...
1,778,116,460,611
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Super-Earths are a unique class of planets that have masses ranging between that of Earth and Neptune. They may form via diverse pathways \citep[e.g.,][]{hansen2012migration,chiang2013minimum}, and current observational constraints indicate a wide range of bulk densities and compositions for the...
1,778,116,460,612
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Unveiling the nature of Dark Matter~(DM) constitutes one of the biggest challenges in Cosmology and possibly in Particle Physics. Even though several pieces of evidence coming from both cosmological and astrophysical scales confirm its presence, the actual composition of the DM itself remains el...
1,778,116,460,613
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In the past few years, a considerable amount of work has been devoted to establish that electron localization may be suppressed and bands of extended states appear in one-dimensional disordered systems whenever disorder exhibits spatial correlations \cite{Flo,Wu,Bovier,Datta,JPA,nos2,nos3,Hilke,...
1,778,116,460,614
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} In a distributed computing system where a master partitions a massive computation into smaller sub-computations and distributes these sub-computations to several workers in order to reduce the runtime to complete the whole computation, some slow workers can be bottleneck of the proc...
1,778,116,460,615
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In imaging applications ranging from astronomy to molecular biology, diffraction-based imaging techniques have been demonstrated to be useful. In general, the diffraction from an optically thin object in the far field at low angles can be approximated as the Fourier transform of the scattering p...
1,778,116,460,616
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The game jam movement was born with the inception of the Indie Game Jam in 2002~\cite{Hecker2002}. By March 2022, game jams will officially have existed for 20 years. It is therefore useful to consider the body of work, take a look back at the game jam movement, and discuss how game jams and the ...
1,778,116,460,617
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Interparticle Coulombic Decay (ICD) \cite{Cederbaum97,Marburger03} is an electronic decay process of ionized systems consisting of at least two weakly bonded units, be it atoms, molecules or clusters. ICD has been observed in multiple systems like noble gas clusters \cite{Santra00_1,Hergenhahn11,...
1,778,116,460,618
arxiv
\section{The experimental results of the Walsh Transforms} \label{sec:appendix_walsh} All of the Walsh transform results explained in Section~\ref{sec:experiment} are provided. First, Fig.~\ref{fig:Appendix_Walsh_UT_Q0_S1} - Fig.~\ref{fig:Appendix_Walsh_UT_Q0_S3} show $W_{t1}$ - $W_{t3}$, respectively, using only $Q_...
1,778,116,460,619
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) are the backbone of modern spintronics. MTJs with a fully epitaxial (001) MgO barrier sandwiched by (001) bcc ferromagnetic electrodes, such as Fe, Co, and CoFe, were first theoretically predicted to show high tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) of several 100\,$\%$ ...
1,778,116,460,620
arxiv
\section{Background} \label{sec:background} The searching techniques of DL compilers are critical to generating high-performance model codes. TVM is the state-of-the-art deep learning compiler that applies many search-based optimization techniques. Ansor is the second generation searching technique of TVM. This work ...
1,778,116,460,621
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The search for models of short distance physics that yield a calculable Higgs mass continues to be one of the most important motivations for explorations beyond the Standard Model. This reductionist approach to fundamental questions has many precedents. The scalar mass in the Landau-Ginzburg the...
1,778,116,460,622
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:Intro} We consider in this paper the problem of imaging extended reflectors in terminating acoustic waveguides with complex geometries as the one depicted in \cref{fig:WG_setup}. Specifically, we assume that the waveguide $\Omega \subset {\mathbb R}^2$ consists of a semi-i...
1,778,116,460,623
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Reinforcement learning (RL) is a field of research that uses dynamic programing (DP; \citealt{Bertsekas2008}), among other approaches, to solve sequential decision making problems. The main challenge in applying DP to real world problems is an exponential growth of computational...
1,778,116,460,624
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \hspace{1cm} The prospect\cite{ring,esp} of observable baryon number violation in high energy electroweak collisions has provoked much excitement, but despite considerable effort, it has not been possible to obtain conclusive evidence that unsuppressed baryon number violation can indeed occur a...
1,778,116,460,625
arxiv
\section{Introduction} During the asymptotic giant branch (AGB) phase of stars (with initial masses between approximately 1 and 10 $M_{\odot}$) the abundances of several isotopes are modified via complex nucleosynthetic mechanisms. Hydrogen and helium burning occur alternately in shells in the deep layers of the st...
1,778,116,460,626
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Data on the cosmic microwave background (CMB) from the Planck satellite~\cite{Planck15} and other experiments are qualitatively consistent with generic expectations from cosmological inflation~\cite{Inflation}. In particular, they are consistent with the prototypical Starobinsky model based an $...
1,778,116,460,627
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Graph signal processing (GSP) relies on the availability of a suitable frequency definition and corresponding graph Fourier transform (GFT) \cite{Shuman_2013,Sandryhaila_2013,ortega8347162,Ortega2020GSP}. For undirected graphs, graph operators are symmetric and the GFT is orthogonal. For directe...
1,778,116,460,628
arxiv
\section{Introduction} For a $k$-regular graph $G$ on $n$ vertices, we denote by $\lambda_1(G)=k>\lambda_2(G)\geq\ldots\geq\lambda_n(G)=\lambda_{\min}(G)$ the eigenvalues of the adjacency matrix of $G$. For a general reference on the eigenvalues of graphs, see \cite{BH,GRb}. The second eigenvalue of a regular graph i...
1,778,116,460,629
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The dual Minkowski problem was first proposed by Huang-Lutwak-Yang-Zhang in their groundbreaking paper \cite{HLYZ.Acta.216-2016.325} in 2016. It asks what are the necessary and sufficient conditions on a Borel measure $\mu$ defined on the unit sphere $\uS$ such that $\mu$ is the dual curv...
1,778,116,460,630
arxiv
\section{Introduction} We are interested in the general constrained variational inequality problem~\citep{stampacchia1964formes}: \begin{equation} \label{eq:cvi} \tag{cVI} \mbox{find}\ {\bm{x}}^\star \in \mathcal{X} \quad\text{s.t.}\quad \langle {\bm{x}}-{\bm{x}}^\star, F({\bm{x}}^\star) \rangle \geq 0, \quad \for...
1,778,116,460,631
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Statistical leverage scores have been historically used as a diagnosis tool for linear regression \cite{hoaglin1978hat,velleman1981efficient,chatterjee1986influential}. To be concrete, for a ridge regression problem with design matrix $X$ and regularization parameter $\lambda > 0$, the leverage s...
1,778,116,460,632
arxiv
\section{Conclusion and Future Work}\label{sec:con} In this paper, we introduced {DTrans}\xspace, a Transformer-based technique that can predict code changes from merged pull requests codes from developers. To better capture the statement-level information of code, {DTrans}\xspace is designed with dynamically relative...
1,778,116,460,633
arxiv
\section{Introduction} It is well-known that the underlying dual space $L^*$ of a Lie algebra $L$ possesses --- as a manifold --- a canonical Poisson structure in terms of a smooth bi-vector field $\Omega\in\w^2TL^*$, which satisfies the Jacobi condition $[\Omega,\Omega]=0$, and, when restricted to coadjoin...
1,778,116,460,634
arxiv
\section{Introduction} This paper is the second part in a series. In the first part \cite{DimTsan10} we introduced a remarkable subset\footnote{determined by a choice of a basis, that is up to the Weyl group action} of a reduced root system, called the {\bf stem} $\Gamma = \Gamma(\Delta^+)$. Using this we obtained a...
1,778,116,460,635
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In the nearby universe, galaxies have a bimodal color distribution, with a blue peak of star forming galaxies separated from a red sequence of quiescent galaxies by a sparsely populated gap \citep{Strateva+01,BGB04,BBN04}. The number of red galaxies has roughly doubled since $z \sim 1$ \citep{Be...
1,778,116,460,636
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro:sec} Solar prominences \citep[also called filaments; e.g.][]{Tan95} are highly complex magnetic structures that extend from the photosphere up into the corona, where they support material that is much denser ($n\sim 10^{10-12}$ cm$^{-3}$) and cooler ($T\sim$ 1$\times$10$^4$ K) than ...
1,778,116,460,637
arxiv
\section{Introduction} One of the fundamental problems in real algebraic geometry concerns the solutions of systems of real algebraic equations. Since, in general, even the existence of real solutions is not guaranteed, it is important to find a priori lower bounds for the number of these solutions. In the last y...
1,778,116,460,638
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Parity-violating electron scattering process, extensively investigated since more than a decade, has been proven to offer a unique experimental opportunity in probing the contribution of the strangeness sea to the electromagnetic properties of the nucleon. During that period, r...
1,778,116,460,639
arxiv
\section{Introduction} We work over an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero. A lot of work has been devoted to classify log del Pezzo surfaces. For example, they are classified up to index $3$. See \cite{HW}, \cite{AN}, \cite{KK}, \cite{Nakayama}, and \cite{FY}. For the Picard number one case, s...
1,778,116,460,640
arxiv
\section{ Introduction} ``Nonequilibrium strongly correlated systems" is becoming an important field of study in condensed matter physics \cite{Iwai2003,Wall2011,Tokura88,tag,Moriheating,Watanabe2011, HiroriAPL2011,LiuNat2012, Greiner2002,StrohmainerEsslinger10,GreifEssslinger2011,Kollath06prl}. These systems...
1,778,116,460,641
arxiv
\section{Introduction and classical results} In their seminal article \cite{BoHi31} Bohnenblust and Hille proved that there exists a~positive function $f$ on $\mathbb{N}$ such that for every $n$ and every $m$-homogeneous polynomial on $\mathbb{C}^n$\!, the $\ell_p$-norm with $p= \frac{2m}{m+1}$ of the set of i...
1,778,116,460,642
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $F/E$ be a Galois extension of fields of characteristic $p$ of degree $q$, a power of $p$. This work gives a simple criterion that classifies the totally ramified discrete valuations of $F/E$. The classical case where $F/E$ is a $p$-extension, hence generated by a root of an Artin-Schreier ...
1,778,116,460,643
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} VQA tasks require a model to answer a free-form natural language question using visual information from an image. Scene graph (SG) reasoning is an essential instance of VQA tasks~\cite{DBLP:journals/corr/abs-2007-01072}. The model extracts objects' names, attributes, and rela...
1,778,116,460,644
arxiv
\section{Overview of Approach} \label{sec:overview} In the following, we provide a high-level overview of our approach. We first start with the idea of how a zero-shot cost model is being trained for DSPS before we then explain its usage at runtime to estimate the cost for guaranteeing QoS. \vspace{-1.5ex} \paragraph...
1,778,116,460,645
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The two $\pi$ orbital sub-bands of a honeycomb lattice in pristine graphene realize perfect Dirac fermions \cite{Novoselov2005,Neto2009} with a linearly vanishing density of states (DOS) at the Dirac point. As a result, graphene is a semimetal with a half-filled conduction band \cite{Wallace1947...
1,778,116,460,646
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The fact that after the Big Bang the Universe underwent a period of strong accelerated expansion, namely the inflation~\cite{Guth, Sato}, permits to explain the thermalization of our observable Universe and brings to robust predictions about the production of the primordial perturbations at the ...
1,778,116,460,647
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The physics of the big bang initial singularity is still an open problem in cosmology and fundamental physics. A complete description of the universe must avoid at all costs spacetime singularities as their existence makes the future physically unpredictable. It is supposed that in a quantum g...
1,778,116,460,648
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A Finsler function can in many ways be regarded as a singular Lagrangian. As such, there are many sprays whose base integral curves are solutions of the Euler-Lagrange equations of a given Finsler function. These sprays are all projectively equivalent and together they constitute the geode...
1,778,116,460,649
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The pp collisions have a complicated structure which involves complex final states, with large multiplicities of hadrons, all originated from different processes \cite{ALICEmult}, this complexity of the interactions requires MC event generators to simulate them. PYTHIA\cite{pythia} is an event ge...
1,778,116,460,650
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In 2004 August - 2005 September, the blazar 3C 454.3 (z=0.859) underwent the largest radio-optical flare in its recorded history. In 2005 May, it briefly surpassed 3C 273 as the optically brightest quasar in the sky in spite of its much greater distance. This flaring event was intensively moni...
1,778,116,460,651
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} Let $\mathcal{A}$ be the class of analytic functions $f(z)= z+a_2 z^2 +a_3 z^3+\cdots,$ defined in a unit disk $\mathbb{D}=\{z\in \mathbb{C}: |z| <1\}$ and the subclass $\mathcal{S}$ of $\mathcal{A}$ consists of univalent functions. A function $f$ is said to be starlike if $k \m...
1,778,116,460,652
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The problems of finding rainbow structures in proper edge-colorings of complete graphs have been widely studied in recent years. For example, in a recent breakthrough by Montgomery, Pokrovskiy and Sudakov~\cite{ProofRingel2020}, they confirmed the famous Ringel's conjecture, one of whose statem...
1,778,116,460,653
arxiv
\section{Brief Survey of the History of Quantum Computing} The story of why quantum computing and quantum communication are theoretically interesting and important has been told in innumerable places before, and we will just point the reader to some of those. The ``prehistory'' of quantum computing (up to 1994) consis...
1,778,116,460,654
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} Deep neural networks have been applied to a variety of clinical tasks to great success. Medical imaging diagnosis \cite{gulshan2016development}, genome processing \cite{nguyen2017metagenomic}, and disease onset predictions \cite{liu2018deepehr} are domains where deep learning co...
1,778,116,460,655
arxiv
\section{Introduction} We consider the problem of computing the partition function of the finite-size two-dimensional (2D) ferromagnetic Ising model in an external magnetic field. Applying factor graph duality to address the problem has been investigated in~\cite{MoLo:ISIT2013, MeMo:2014a, AY:2014}. It was demonstra...
1,778,116,460,656
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Observations of gamma-ray bursts and superluminous supernovae show evidence for ongoing energy injection following the prompt emission \citep{nousek06,obrien06,zhang06}, which is commonly attributed to the birth of rapidly rotating, highly magnetised neutron stars, known as a millisecond magneta...
1,778,116,460,657
arxiv
\section{Introduction and motivation} Water treatment technologies should be energy efficient, reliable and economical. While the technologies available for water treatment, such as desalination and concentration have been improved significantly over the last decades, there is no viable water treatment technology ava...
1,778,116,460,658
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The structure and dynamics of the viscous and thermal boundary layers near the cooled and heated plates in thermal convection flow is significantly altered by the dimensionless Prandtl number $Pr\equiv \nu/\kappa$ of the working fluid \cite{Ahlers2009,Chilla2012}. For very low Prandtl numbers,...
1,778,116,460,659
arxiv
\subsubsection*{Acknowledgements.} We thank Paul Groth, Andrew Yates, Thong Nguyen, and Maurits Bleeker for helpful discussions and feedback. This research was supported by Ahold Delhaize, and the Hybrid Intelligence Center, a 10-year program funded by the Dutch Ministry of Education, Culture and Science through th...