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2,121,713,847,541 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
Neutrons ($n$) and protons ($p$) are the building blocks of atomic nuclei.
Their lightest bound system is the deuteron, made from one proton and one neutron.
While the deuteron is bound by 2.2~MeV, it appears that in contrast its charge-symmetric partners, the neutron-neutron and proton-proton... |
2,121,713,847,542 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Coronal heating and the acceleration of the solar wind are unsolved problems in solar physics. The propagation of Alfv\'en waves along magnetic field lines is one of the candidate mechanisms to carry energy to large distances from the surface and heat the coronal plasma. Many theoretical model... |
2,121,713,847,543 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sect:intro}
In the Kiel diagram, helium rich subdwarf O stars (He-sdOs) cluster
around effective temperatures and gravities of \mbox{$T_\mathrm{eff}$}\xspace =
40\,000--50\,000\,K and \mbox{$\log g$}\xspace = 5.5--6.0
\citep{2016PASP..128h2001H}. They exhibit little or no hydrogen in
thei... |
2,121,713,847,544 | arxiv |
\section*{Acknowledgments}
We thank the anonymous reviewers and Laura Vianna for helpful comments on this work. This research was supported in part by NSF grants 1813153 and 1714566.
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Current hate speech or toxic language detection\footnote{We use \emph{hate speech} ... |
2,121,713,847,545 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The linear extensions of a finite partial order model the sequences that may be formed by
adding one element at a time to the end of the sequence, with the constraint that an element may only be added once all its predecessors have already been added. This constraint is \emph{monotonic}: once an... |
2,121,713,847,546 | arxiv | \section{Introduction and preliminaries}
\subsection{Introduction}
Let $G$ be a finite group and $(K,\mathcal{O},k)$ be a $p$-modular system. Let $R=\mathcal{O}$ or $k$. In their paper, Th\'evenaz and Webb proved that there is a bijection $b\mapsto b^{\mu}$ between the blocks of $RG$ and the primitive central idempoten... |
2,121,713,847,547 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\begin{wrapfigure}[13]{r}{0.3\linewidth}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=1\linewidth]{causal_graphs.png}
\caption{(a) The direct confounding causal graph. (b) The causal graph with an unobserved confounder $z$, and proxy variables $x$. }
\label{fig:causal_graphs}
\end{wrapfi... |
2,121,713,847,548 | arxiv |
\section{#1}\renewcommand{\theequation}{\thesection-\arabic{equation}}\setcounter{equation}{0}}
\newcommand{\SUBSECT}[1]{\subsection{#1}\renewcommand{\theequation
{\thesubsection-\arabic{equation}}\setcounter{equation}{0}}
\newcounter{help}\newcommand{\footing}[2]{\setcounter{help}{\value{footnote}}\renewcommand\th... |
2,121,713,847,549 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec_introduction}
Scene text recognition \cite{shi2016robust, shi2016end, cheng2017focusing, li2019show, lu2019master, chen2020text}, which aims at extracting text content from images, has attracted enormous attention from both the academy and industry due to its great commercial value in ... |
2,121,713,847,550 | arxiv |
\section{Conclusions and Future Work}
We introduced here a method for teleoperating a non-anthropomorphic, fully actuated robot with forearm EMG. We use a subspace relevant to teleoperation as an intermediary between EMG and robot pose space, and combine continuous and discrete models for control through this subspac... |
2,121,713,847,551 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Chiral symmetry has remained a problematic topic in lattice gauge theories
over the years. As is well--known, Wilson fermions explicitly violate
the chiral symmetry, which can be hopefully restored in the limit
$\kappa \to \kappa_c(\beta)$ ($\beta$ and $\kappa$ denote
the gauge coupling and
ho... |
2,121,713,847,552 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In this paper we study the behaviour of the box-counting and Assouad
dimensions (whose definitions we give below) under the action of
taking the Cartesian product of sets. Relatively straightforward
arguments can be used to show that the Assouad and upper box-counting dimensions satisfy
\[
\dim(... |
2,121,713,847,553 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) has spread globally, causing $37,704,153$ confirmed cases and $1,079,029$ deaths as of 2020/10/14 according to the world health organization (WHO). The pandemic has caused serious difficulties in people's social life, such as unprecedented numbers in unemplo... |
2,121,713,847,554 | arxiv | \section*{Acknowledgments}
The authors thank Guillaume Carlier for fruitful discussions.
The first author acknowledges support from the French Research Agency through the MISTIC project (ANR-19-CE40-005) and support from the Institut Universitaire de France.
The second author is supported by a grant of the Simone and ... |
2,121,713,847,555 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A basic stylized fact of trade execution is that when a trader buys or sells a large amount of stock in a restricted amount of time, the market naturally tends to move in the opposite direction. If one assumes an unaffected price dynamics for the traded asset, trading activity will impact this pr... |
2,121,713,847,556 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The Industrial Assembly Challenge at the 2018 World Robotics Summit in Tokyo was designed to be a test of the reliability and flexibility of automated manufacturing systems. The challenge was comprised of three exercises common to industrial settings; kitting --- picking a collection of individ... |
2,121,713,847,557 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
One of the most popular current models relating M-theory to
phenomenology is that of Ho\v rava and Witten \cite{H-W}, in which an
eleven-dimensional spacetime is the product of a compact Calabi-Yau
manifold with a 5-dimensional spacetime consisting of two parallel
3-branes or domain walls, one... |
2,121,713,847,558 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\input{sections/2-introduction}
\section{Related Work}
\input{sections/3-related_work}
\section{Problem Statement}
\input{sections/4-problem-statement.tex}
\section{Minimal Work Grasp Quality Metric}
\input{sections/5-methodology}
\section{Algorithm}
\input{sections/6-implementation.tex}
... |
2,121,713,847,559 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
Graphene is a monolayer of carbon atoms that is arranged in a honeycomb structure with the atoms bonded together by $\text{sp}^2$ hybridized bonds. Graphene is of incredible interest to the solid state community since it displays very high electron mobility, exceeding $15,000 \text{... |
2,121,713,847,560 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sect:Intro}
String theory combined with inflationary cosmology has led to the picture of inflationary multiverse, populated by a multitude of vacua with diverse properties. (For a review of multiverse cosmology and references to the literature see, e.g., \cite{Linde}.)
The vacua are rep... |
2,121,713,847,561 | arxiv | \section{Introduction and the main Theorem\label{S1}}
We denote by $\mathbb{C}^{n}$ the complex vector space of dimension $n$ and
by $\mathcal{O}(\mathbb{C}^{n},0,0)$ the space of all germs of holomorphic
mappings $f$ from a neighborhood of the origin $0$ in $\mathbb{C}^{n}$ into $%
\mathbb{C}^{n}$ such that%
\begin{e... |
2,121,713,847,562 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) are powerful flashes of high-energy photons occuring
at an average rate of a few per day throughout the Universe. Thanks to their
optical brightness that typically overshines the luminosity of their host galaxy, they
are detectable up to extremely high redshift, as clear... |
2,121,713,847,563 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
A new and vast array of research in the field of human activity recognition has been brought about with the recent technological advancements in wearable cameras. Majority of the human activity recognition techniques till now were concentrated on videos captured from a third pe... |
2,121,713,847,564 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Since its original formulation in the 1960s~\cite{Hohenberg1964,Kohn1965}
Kohn-Sham density-functional theory~(DFT)
has become one of the most widespread methods
for simulating properties in solid-state physics and chemistry.
Its advantageous balance balance between accuracy and computational co... |
2,121,713,847,565 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Since the introduction of the Nagel-Schreckenberg (N-S) model in 1992
\cite{Nagel92}, cellular automata became a well established method of
traffic flow modeling. Comparatively low computational cost of
cellular automata models made it possible to conduct large-scale
real-time simulations of urb... |
2,121,713,847,566 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Since the discovery of the laws of black hole
thermodynamics~\cite{BCH}, Bekenstein~\cite{Bek} and
Hawking~\cite{Hawk} have suggested a deep connection between gravity
and thermodynamics, realizing black hole entropy and Hawking
radiation. Later on, Jacobson~\cite{Jac} has demonstrated that... |
2,121,713,847,567 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The study of interacting particle systems has, for a long time, been an important
subject of Physics. The use of statistical methods has allowed for major advances in this area, by
providing a bridge between the microscopic interactions and the large collective behaviour of the system~\cite{hu... |
2,121,713,847,568 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The spatial clustering of galaxies encodes useful information about their
formation and evolution, which remain outstanding problems in modern
cosmology and astrophysics. Large redshift surveys at different epochs
have enabled detailed studies of galaxy clustering and its evolution.
In partic... |
2,121,713,847,569 | arxiv | \section{High $p_{T}$ neutral pions}
\subsection{Measurement of the initial density in the matter}
It has been observed in central Au+Au collisions at Relativistic
Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) that the yield of neutral pion at high
transverse momentum ($p_{T} > 5$~GeV/$c$) is strongly suppressed
compared to the expectatio... |
2,121,713,847,570 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{Intro}
Resource states for measurement-based quantum computation (MBQC) \cite{RB01} are known to be rare in Hilbert space \cite{TooE}. But symmetry adds a twist to this picture. When symmetries are present, in the thermodynamic limit, short-range entangled quantum states group into so-call... |
2,121,713,847,571 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Human Pose Estimation is the extraction of body configurations in images or videos. Typically, it is the inference of joint coordinates and the reconstruction of a human skeletal representation. In the last few years, 2D pose estimation reached detection rate above 90\% on all different human jo... |
2,121,713,847,572 | arxiv | \section{Introduction: On the Computer Screen}
We were preparing a paper for publication. A phase portrait was nicely displayed on the computer screen. The network of trajectories represented a class of solutions to the equation we were interested in. At some points, called critical points, certain trajectories crossed... |
2,121,713,847,573 | arxiv | \section{Introduction and statement of main results}
The \textit{upper-} and \textit{lower local dimensions} of a measure $\mu$ at a point $x\in\mathbb{R}^d$ are defined as
\begin{align*}
\operatorname{\overline{\dim}_{loc}}(\mu,x) = \limsup_{r\searrow 0} \frac{\log\mu(B(x,r))}{\log r} \quad \text{and} \quad \operator... |
2,121,713,847,574 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Considerable attention has been paid to the study of traversable wormholes ever since Morris and Thorne showed that a wormhole geometry in general relativity is possible with matter that violates the null energy condition \cite{Morris:1988cz, VisserBook, LoboBook}. A Morris--Thorne wormhole m... |
2,121,713,847,575 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In machine learning it is common to look at programs as \textit{models} which are used in two \textit{modes}. The first mode, which we shall call the `direct mode', is the usual operating behaviour of any garden variety program in which new inputs are applied and new outputs are obtained. The se... |
2,121,713,847,576 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
In information retrieval (IR), traditional learning to rank \citep{Liu:2009} models estimate the relevance of a document to a query based on hand-engineered features.
The input to these models typically includes, among others, features based on patterns of exact matches of quer... |
2,121,713,847,577 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
\label{intro}
After the super-wind has ceased, the evolution
of the remnant circumstellar envelope (CSE) around a single post-Asymptotic Giant Branch
(post-AGB, or pAGB) star
is dominated first by its expansion,
and later by
photochemical processes when the central star temperature quickly ris... |
2,121,713,847,578 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
Most of the existing literature on the valuation of American options implicitly assumes that the interest rate is always positive. For example, the landmark paper of \citet{barone1987efficient}, which gives an approximation for the price of American options under the Black-Scholes model, as well... |
2,121,713,847,579 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{s.intro0}
In the study of hydrodynamic limits of stochastic interacting particle system, those with hyperbolic scaling \cite{rezakhanlou91,seppalainen96,seppalainen96a,fritz04,fritz04a} are distinguished from those with parabolic scaling \cite{guo88, kipnis13, vardhan13}. The latter hold f... |
2,121,713,847,580 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The novel coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) provides a unique opportunity to study the development of targeted racial animus at an unprecedented scale.
Since the first known case of COVID-19 was reported in Wuhan, China~\cite{mallapaty2021after}, Asians have been a target of online and offline h... |
2,121,713,847,581 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Flows past a truncated cylinder are involved in a wide variety of problems dealing with the design of e.g. buildings, ship funnels or chimney stacks.
The typical values of the Reynolds number $Re$ considered in these problems are greater than $10^4$.
In contrast, though relevant with probes used... |
2,121,713,847,582 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{Suffering long time angels enraptured by Blake}
Automorphisms of compact metric groups provide a simple family
of dynamical systems with additional structure, rendering them
particularly amenable to detailed analysis. On the other hand,
they are rigid in the sense that they cannot be smoo... |
2,121,713,847,583 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
One of the most natural possibilities for an extension of the standard model is a
fourth copy of the three known generations of particles.
These fourth generation quarks and leptons could not be very heavy, since
they acquire mass from chiral symmetry breaking.
They would thus be access... |
2,121,713,847,584 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro}
Ever since the discovery of HD\,209458\,b \citep{Chaetal2000},
it has become common knowledge that given the necessary geometrical
conditions, extrasolar planets ('exoplanets') may partially eclipse
their host stars, causing periodic dimming of the observed stellar
light. This... |
2,121,713,847,585 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction}
\noindent
Most studies of power allocation only consider devices without minimum power requirements; we focus on those with such requirements, such as electric vehicles (EVs) charging, which will not produce any value unless it is charged enough to travel a threshold dista... |
2,121,713,847,586 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
Axion-like particles (ALPs), $a$, are hypothetical pseudoscalars found in many proposed extensions to the Standard Model (SM)~\cite{Essig_2013, Marsh_2016, Graham_experiment_2015, Irastorza_2018}.
ALPs can naturally address the Strong CP~\cite{Peccei_cp_1977, Peccei_constraints_1977, Weinberg_1... |
2,121,713,847,587 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Quantum-impurity systems are of great interests because of their fundamental physics as well as potential applications as possible quantum-computing devices \cite{2001prb201311}, such as single-molecule magnets \cite{2012prb104427,2012nature938} and bulk Kondo insulators \cite{2012apl013505}. The... |
2,121,713,847,588 | arxiv | \section{Proof of \texorpdfstring{\eqref{overallsnrpdf}}{}}
\newcommand{\RNum}[1]{\MakeUppercase{\romannumeral#1}}
\hypersetup{colorlinks=true, linkcolor=black, citecolor=black}
\hyphenation{op-tical net-works semi-conduc-tor}
\begin{document}
\title{Performance of Underwater Wireless Optical Communications in Pres... |
2,121,713,847,589 | arxiv |
\section{Supplementary Information}
\subsection{Fixed points coupling constants and dynamical critical exponent}
The RG fixed points rule the critical dynamics of the system, indeed critical exponents can be derived using recursion relations of the parameters and the fixed point values of the effective coupling cons... |
2,121,713,847,590 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Four-dimensional computed tomography (4DCT) scans are routinely acquired of lung cancer patients for radiation treatment planning.
The quality of 4DCT often suffers from artifacts, i.e., distortions in lung anatomy representation.
Yamamoto et al.~\cite{YamamotoTokihiro2008RAoA} showed that 90\% o... |
2,121,713,847,591 | arxiv | \section{Introduction \label{intro}}
Stellar mergers have for a long time been recognized to play an important
role in the evolution of stellar systems.
High stellar densities in globular clusters can lead often to collisions and mergers
of stars \citep{leon89}. In this way the origin of blue strugglers can be
expl... |
2,121,713,847,592 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A topological space $X$ is called {\em functionally Hausdorff\/} if for any distinct points $x,y\in X$ there exists a continuous function $f:X\to\IR$ such that $f(x)\ne f(y)$.
It is easy to see that each countable functionally Hausdorff space is (totally) disconnected. On the other hand, the... |
2,121,713,847,593 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A proliferation of direct detection experiments searching for sub-GeV dark matter (DM) has been matched by a suite of theoretical work to better understand the kinematics of low-energy scattering in the regime where particle physics and condensed matter intersect~\cite{Kahn:2021ttr}.
This kinema... |
2,121,713,847,594 | arxiv | \section{Proofs of the results}
{\bf Proof of Lemma 2.}
Fix $\lambda>0$ and let
\begin{eqnarray*} \sigma&=&\inf \{t:|z_t|>1\}\\
\tau&=&\inf\{t\le\sigma:|f(z_t)|>\lambda\}\\
G_t&=& f(z_{t\wedge \tau})\\
F_t&=& f(z_t)\\
g(\theta)&=& N(G)(\theta).\end{eqnarray*}
Then \begin{eqnarray*} ||g||_\infty&\le&\lambda\\
g&\in& ... |
2,121,713,847,595 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Recently, a new class of attacks against software has received great attention: Man-At-The-End attacks (MATE\xspace) \cite{mate-attacks,falcarin2011guest}.
MATE\xspace attacks aim at compromising software assets, which can be classified in two types: data and code.
Software dev... |
2,121,713,847,596 | arxiv | \section{Setting of the problem}
\subsection{Introduction and setting} Reaction-diffusion equations
with spatially distributed hysteresis were first introduced
in~\cite{Jaeger1} to describe the growth of a colony of bacteria
(Salmonella typhimurium) and explain emerging spatial patterns of
the bacteria density. ... |
2,121,713,847,597 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{intro}
In real sampling processes, it is necessary to know how well-spread these sampling points are. One can select the sampling set randomly which has achieved successful applications in the field of Monte Carlo simulation, compressed sensing, image processing and learning theory \cite{C... |
2,121,713,847,598 | arxiv | \section{\label{}}
\section*{Introduction}
Synchronous oscillations are found in many brain areas and are
responsible for macroscopic electrical responses of the brain
including field potentials and EEG signals. Within a single brain
area, synchronization of neuronal activity serves to amplify signals
to upstream re... |
2,121,713,847,599 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Two years ago, several very cold dwarfs were identified by DENIS
(Delfosse et~al. 1997) and Kelu~1 was found through its high proper
motion (Ruiz et~al. 1997). Follow-up observations immediately showed
that their optical spectra bear little resemblance to those of the
slightly hotter M dwarfs and... |
2,121,713,847,600 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The
holographic approach is a
powerful method to study the non-perturbative properties of
the strong coupling gauge theories \cite{ads1,ads2,ads3}. In this context,
various attempts have been performed to study the properties of the supersymmetric
Yang Mills (SYM) theory.
While most of... |
2,121,713,847,601 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The ordering of charges, orbitals, and spins in the perovskite manganites (general chemical formula \ce{ABO3}, B = Mn) gives rise to a multitude of different electronic phases \cite{1999Coey}. For example, the \ce{$R$MnO3} simple perovskite manganites ($R$ = rare earth or yttrium) and their deriv... |
2,121,713,847,602 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Item nonresponse is ubiquitous in surveys conducted by National Statistical Offices. Most often, it is treated by some form of single imputation, whereby a missing value is replaced by some plausible value constructed under certain assumptions. The customary imputation process starts with specify... |
2,121,713,847,603 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The H-theorem is a consequence of the Boltzmann equation (whose
validity, at least for diluted gases, is now rather well understood)
and has a great relevance in statistical mechanics because it leads to
two basic results~\cite{B72}. First it provides a dynamical proof of the
stationary Maxwel... |
2,121,713,847,604 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let $a$ be a real euclidean vector space of finite dimension and $\Sigma$ a root system in $a$ with a basis $\Delta$. Let $\Theta \subset \Delta$, to avoid trivial cases we assume $\Theta$ is a proper subset of $\Delta$, i.e. that $\Theta$ is neither empty nor equal to $\Sigma$. Let us consider ... |
2,121,713,847,605 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In 1785, William Herschel introduced ``star gauging'' as a technique
to understand the shape of the Galaxy. Herschel suggested that by
splitting the heavens into cells and by counting the number of stars
in each, it should be possible to determine the position of the Sun
within the Milky Way. Ev... |
2,121,713,847,606 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The problem of the onset and self-sustenance of turbulence in
spectrally stable nonuniform flows is a challenge to fluid dynamics
research. The efforts in this direction significantly increased in
the 1990s with the understanding and rigorous description of the
nonnormal nature of nonunifo... |
2,121,713,847,607 | arxiv | \section{Introduction and preliminaries}
A real semi-inner-product space is a real linear space $\M$ equipped with
a function $[.,.] : \M \times \M \to \Re$, called a \emph{semi-inner-product}, such that
\begin{enumerate}
\item[(1)] $[.,.]$ is linear in the first variable,
\item[(2)] $[x,x] \geq 0$ for every $x ... |
2,121,713,847,608 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
High energy scattering processes in Quantum Chromodynamics~(QCD) often involve the production of jets.
A QCD observable of particular interest is the jet mass. Jet mass plays an important role in many applications, such as in the identification of a boosted $W$ boson~\cite{Bu... |
2,121,713,847,609 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Symmetries play significant roles in physics. In particular, the dilatation invariance, or scale invariance appears everywhere. We can explain an intuitive reason why the scale invariance is ubiquitous from the philosophy of the renormalization group. In the long distance, or far infrared, we... |
2,121,713,847,610 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Noncommutative harmonic analysis is a generalization of Fourier analysis to topological groups that are not necessarily commutative~\cite{GroAMM78}.
According to the Peter-Weyl theorem~\cite{PetWeyMA27}, irreducible unitary matrix representation of a compact group forms an complete orthogonal ba... |
2,121,713,847,611 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
As very well-known, complex analysis provides a very powerful toolkit to study numerous boundary value problems arising in classical harmonic analysis in the two-dimensional case. Motivated by modern problems of engineering and physics, there has been a rapidly growing interest in developing hig... |
2,121,713,847,612 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Thermoelectric devices use a coupling between heat and particle currents
driven by local gradients in temperature and chemical potential to
generate electrical power or for cooling \cite{Dresselhaus2007,Snyder2008,Bell2008,Vineis2010}. Since they
work without any moving parts, such machines ha... |
2,121,713,847,613 | arxiv | \chapter{Introduction}
\section{The Calabi Problem}
In 1954, Calabi asked a question in the International Congress of Mathematicians in Amsterdam, which in its most general form can be stated as follows:
\begin{que}
\label{que:Calabi}
When does a compact K\"ahler manifold admit a K\"ahler--Einstein metric?
\end{q... |
2,121,713,847,614 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Recently, attention has been focused by theoretical physicists on Lie
structures arising from tensor products of division algebras, and on their
geometrical characterizations. It is well known that Tits-Freudenthal magic
square has numerous applications in super Yang-Mills and supergravity
theor... |
2,121,713,847,615 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{S:Intro}
The present paper deals with finding large free sets for infinite set mappings of finite order. For a set~$X$ and a cardinal~$\lambda$, we denote by $[X]^\lambda$ (resp., $[X]^{<\lambda}$) the set of all subsets of~$X$ with~$\lambda$ elements (resp., less than~$\lambda$ elements). ... |
2,121,713,847,616 | arxiv | \chapter{Lattice field theory for the energy and intensity frontiers: \\Scientific goals and computing needs}
\label{chap:LFT}
\begin{center}\begin{boldmath}
\begin{center}
\begin{large} {\bf Conveners: T. Blum (U. Connecticut), R. S. Van de Water (FNAL)\\ Observer: D. Holmgren (FNAL)} \end{large}
R.~Brower~(Bosto... |
2,121,713,847,617 | arxiv | \section{Introduction \label{sec1}}
Quantum computation is a revolutionary approach to speed up many classical
algorithms exponentially, due to quantum superposition and entanglement \cite%
{Nielsen,Jozsa}. However, it is difficult to construct a powerful enough
quantum computer to implement sufficiently complex quant... |
2,121,713,847,618 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Electron and positron states with very low momentum perpendicular to the magnetic field have been of interest in the field of rotating neutron stars magnetospheres almost since their discovery in 1968 \cite{hewish_observation_1968}. Indeed, the community soon realized that the extremely intense... |
2,121,713,847,619 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:Intro}
Seismic spectra in the range 10\,mHz to 10\,Hz are influenced by a variety of sources including anthropogenic and atmospheric disturbances, earthquakes and ocean waves \cite{BCB2006}. Whereas spectral studies can be easily developed for smaller seismic networks and sufficiently... |
2,121,713,847,620 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The $L_{\omega_1\omega}$-formulas are infinitary formulas in which the disjunctions and conjunctions are over countable sets, and the strings of quantifiers are finite. We consider $L_{\omega_1\omega}$-formulas with only finitely many free variables. There is no prenex normal form for $L_{\ome... |
2,121,713,847,621 | arxiv | \section{\protect\bigskip Introduction}
Since the discovery of the high $T_{c}$ cuprate superconductive material
\cite{1}, it is gradually realized that the strong correlation effect of
electrons play a key role in understanding of the normal and superconducting
states of these materials\cite{2,3,4,5}. Up to now t... |
2,121,713,847,622 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let $E$ be an elliptic curve defined by the equation
\[
y^2+a_1xy+a_3y=x^3+a_2x^2+a_4x+a_6,
\]
with the coefficients in a number field $K$. Let $P\in E(K)$ be a non-torsion point and let $\OO_K$ be the ring of integers of $K$.
Let us define the fractional ideal
\[
(x(nP))\OO_K=\frac{A_n}{... |
2,121,713,847,623 | arxiv | \section*{\refname}}
\begin{document}
\title{Spectroscopic studies of the superconducting gap in the 12442 family of iron-based compounds}
\author{Erik Piatti}
\affiliation{Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, I-10129 Torino, Italy}
\author{Daniele Torsello}
\author{Gianluca Ghigo}
\a... |
2,121,713,847,624 | arxiv |
\section*{Supplementary Material}
\section{Circuit derivation}
\label{app:circ}
\begin{figure}
\begin{centering}
\includegraphics[width=3.0in]{Figures/Supp_circuit.pdf}
\caption{\label{fig:TwoIslandCircuit} Coupler circuit comprising two transmons qubits arranged in a flux-tunable loop with a third junction $(E_{12} ... |
2,121,713,847,625 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Supersymmetry has yet to be discovered.
If/When it is, the information about the underlying theory
will be limited but powerful.
For example, the spectrum of superpartners might
tell us about the mechanism of communication of supersymmetry
breaking or consistency with a specific high-energy
mo... |
2,121,713,847,626 | arxiv |
\section{title}
\begin{rem} \label{rem:J}
Recall the isomorphism $H_i(\confmd{n}) \simeq H_i(\Gb{n}; \ring[t]/(1-t^2))$. Let $\ring$ be a field of characteristic $p$. For $p \neq 2$ the second term decomposes as $H_i(\Gb{n}; \ring[t]/(1+t)) \oplus H_i(\Gb{n}; \ring[t]/(1-t)) $ and moreover for $n$ odd the term $H_i(... |
2,121,713,847,627 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
For a channel $\Phi$ and an input state $\rho$ the \textit{entropy gain} is given by $H(\Phi [\rho])-H(\rho )$, where $H(\rho )=-\mathrm{Tr}\rho \log\rho$ is the von Neumann entropy\footnote{Throughout the paper $\log$ will denote the natural logarithm.} of the density operator $\rho$ in the sys... |
2,121,713,847,628 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{Introduction}
Companies operating in saturated markets are continuously challenged to retain their customers. Besides spending resources on attracting new customers, they try to prevent existing customers from defecting. To that end, customer retention campaigns aim to identify which custom... |
2,121,713,847,629 | arxiv |
\subsection{Properties of the smooth best-response}
\NewDocumentCommand{\minsbr}{}{\eta}
\NewDocumentCommand{\poffbound}{}{B}
{
\RenewDocumentCommand{\auxval}{O{} O{} O{}}{u}
\RenewDocumentCommand{\auxact}{O{} O{} O{\st}}{x_{#3}}
\RenewDocumentCommand{\act}{}{\purep[\pl][\st]}
\begin{lemma}
... |
2,121,713,847,630 | arxiv | \section*{References}\frenchspacing\small
\begin{list}{[\arabic{enumi}]}
{\usecounter{enumi}\parsep=2pt\topsep 0pt
\settowidth{\labelwidth}{[#1]}
\leftmargin=\labelwidth\advance\leftmargin\labelsep
\rightmargin=0pt\itemsep=1pt\sloppy}}{\end{list}}
\title{Quantum spaces, cen... |
2,121,713,847,631 | arxiv |
\section*{Acknowledgements}
JM acknowledges the support of the Alexander von Humboldt foundation for his
research work in Göttingen. It is a pleasure to thank Thomas Gastine for his insightfull comments
about dynamo theory.
\section{Concluding remarks}
\subsection{A dynamo continuum low-mass stars, brown dwarfs, plane... |
2,121,713,847,632 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In the last decade, a significant growth in wireless cellular network has been observed~\cite{DBLP:conf/infocom/KiskaniS16, VahidMarkTCOM2016}. However, the available technologies and the limited radio spectrum are unable to address the stringent demand for high data rate wireless communication~... |
2,121,713,847,633 | arxiv |
\section*{Declaration}
I hereby declare that the thesis submitted is my own, unaided work, completed without any unpermitted external help. Only the sources and resources listed were used.
\\
The independent and unaided completion of the thesis is affirmed by affidavit:
\begin{flushleft}
Berlin, the 29th of March, 2... |
2,121,713,847,634 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The Atiyah-Singer index theorem \cite{AS63} for elliptic operators on closed manifolds is one of the central mathematical discoveries of the 20$^\mathrm{th}$ century.
It contains famous classical results such as the Gauss-Bonnet theorem, the Riemann-Roch theorem or Hirzebruch's signature theorem... |
2,121,713,847,635 | arxiv | \section{\label{sec:Intro} Introduction}
The multiferroic materials (or multiferroics), where ferroelectricity coexists with some
long-range magnetic order, have attracted a great deal of attention.\cite{MF_review}
A very special class of multiferroics is improper ferroelectrics. In the latter case, the
ferroelectri... |
2,121,713,847,636 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
Supersymmetry (\SUSY)~\cite{Miyazawa:1966,Ramond:1971gb,Golfand:1971iw,Neveu:1971rx,Neveu:1971iv,Gervais:1971ji,Volkov:1973ix,Wess:1973kz,Wess:1974tw} is a theoretical extension of the Standard Model (SM) which fundamentally relates fermions and bosons. It is an allur... |
2,121,713,847,637 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
After the discover of the current cosmic acceleration \cite{Weinberg:1988cp,Lombriser:2019jia,Frieman:2008sn,Riess:2019cxk}, several theoretical mechanisms were developed in order to explain it. One of them is quintessence (see for instance \cite{Caldwell:1997ii,Ratra:1987rm,Peebles:1987ek,Barrei... |
2,121,713,847,638 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
Galaxy interactions and mergers play important roles in triggering star formation and/or fueling the nuclear activity in the merging host galaxies \citep{hop06}. Recent high resolution simulations of major mergers show that large scale tidal forces as well as small scale turbulence and stellar ... |
2,121,713,847,639 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
Temporal logic provides a mathematical formalism to reason about (concurrent) events in terms of time. Due to its rich expressivity, it has been widely used as a specification language to describe properties related to correctness, termination, mutual exclusion, reachability, or liveness~\cite{... |
2,121,713,847,640 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\subsection*{Notation and terminology}
In the reliability context, networks are modeled by graphs. We recall that a graph is an ordered pair $G=(V,E)$, where $V$ is a non empty set of \emph{nodes} or \emph{vertices}, and $E$ is a set of unordered pairs of different elements of $V$, called \emph... |
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