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541,165,881,056 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The Brin--Thompson groups $sV$ ($s\in\mathbb{N}$), also called higher-dimensional Thompson groups, were originally introduced by Brin in \cite{brin04}. They serve as a nice, natural infinite family of finitely presented infinite simple groups, generalizing the classical Thompson's group $V=1V$. ... |
541,165,881,057 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{introduction} Mobile manipulators (def: a mobile platform \textcolor{black}{carrying} a robot arm) have attracted much interest in universities and industry because of \textcolor{black}{the combination of} flexible locomotion and dexterous manipulation~\citep{survey_application_mobile_manip... |
541,165,881,058 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Spectral functions of (pseudo)differential operators are being used in mathematical
physics for a long time. For example, the heat kernel was introduced in the context
of quantum physics by Fock \cite{Fock:1937dy} already in 1930's. The zeta regularization,
first suggested by Dowker and Critchley... |
541,165,881,059 | arxiv | \section[2][]
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541,165,881,060 | arxiv | \section{\large Introduction}
We denote by $G$ a finite undirected graph with vertex set $V$ and edge set $E$ with no loops or
multiple edges. The {\sf symmetric orientation} of $G$, denoted
by $G_s$, is an oriented graph obtained from $G$ by replacing
each edge of $G$ by a pair of opposite directed arcs.
An ... |
541,165,881,061 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Deep neural networks lie at the heart of many of the artificial intelligence applications that are ubiquitous in our society. Over the past several years, methods for training these networks have become more automatic \cite{awad2021dehb,eggensperger2021hpobench,morales2021sur... |
541,165,881,062 | arxiv | \section{Main contributions}
\label{section:introduction:contributions}
The main contributions of this dissertation are listed in this section. Our contributions
come in the form of algorithmic, theoretical, empirical and open-source software contributions. For each contribution, we list the chapter where the contribu... |
541,165,881,063 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Morita equivalences for unital rings was first introduced by Kiita Morita in \cite{Mor:DMA}. Two unital rings $\sR$ and $\sS$ are Morita equivalent when there exists a full idempotent $e \in M_n(\sR)$ in the $(n \times n)$-matrices over $\sR$ such that
\[
\sS \cong e M_n(\sR) e
\]
as unital ring... |
541,165,881,064 | arxiv | \section{Conclusions}
\label{sec:conclusions}
Betweenness centrality is a widely-used metric that ranks the importance of nodes in a network.
Since in several scenarios a high centrality directly translates to some profit, in this paper we have studied the problem of maximizing the betweenness of a vertex by inserting... |
541,165,881,065 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Because soft materials like gels and elastomers often operate under states of compression, there have been significant efforts to examine their mechanical stability under such loading~\citep{Biot1963,gent1999surface,biot1965mechanics,tanaka1987mechanical,gent2005elastic,hong2009formation}. Rece... |
541,165,881,066 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In the context of information processing and transmission, several theoretical and experimental
results confirm the advantages of quantum protocols compared to their classical counterparts (see for instance \cite{Nielsen,Mermin,Wilde}).
Quantum technology exploiting the intriguing ... |
541,165,881,067 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{Introduction}
``Algebraic families'' of modules and algebras play an important role
in several questions of representation theory. It is often especially
useful to know that some ``discrete invariants'' are constant or, at
least, are semi--continuous in such famil... |
541,165,881,068 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Since many years researchers use data from cellular networks to extrapolate useful information about social dynamics. The interested reader can find in the survey paper \cite{blondel2015SPRINGER} an exhaustive list of possible uses of such a data.
The main reason for this large interest lies in t... |
541,165,881,069 | arxiv | \section{Conclusion}
We introduce an end-to-end inpainting model to localize a matching patch in the guidance image and transfer its content to the hole followed by synthesizing a realistic hole-filling. Despite training on a synthetic dataset, our synthesis network generalizes well to natural images. The human percept... |
541,165,881,070 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{Introduction}
Autonomous driving is a mission critical technology of the future.
Road traffic accidents are responsible for nearly 1.3 million deaths globally each year, and are the leading cause of death among young people aged 15-29 \cite{WHO_Report}. In the quest to making roads accide... |
541,165,881,071 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Aperiodic order is an intriguing field with various motivations. It can be seen as the abstraction of the study of real world solids which are not crystals but have a remarkable long range order.
To be more precise in this case the long range order can be observed by studying diffraction expe... |
541,165,881,072 | arxiv | \subsection{Boolean Linear Program Formulation}
We formulate this objective as a Boolean LP problem.
Let $\bQ$ be a matrix in $\{0,1\}^{|\bN| \times |\bS|}$ of Boolean constrained variables,
where $\bN$ are the
nodes in an AMR graph, and $\bS$ are the tokens in the sentence.
The meaning of $\bQ_{i,j} = \mathbbm{1... |
541,165,881,073 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The QCD sum rule (QCDSR) method, formulated and proposed in the seminal papers of Shifman, Vainshtein and Zakharov \cite{Shifman:1978bx,Shifman:1978by}
in the late seventies (for earlier attempts, see also Refs.\,\cite{Novikov:1976tn,Novikov:1977cm,Novikov:1977dq}), is today still being frequent... |
541,165,881,074 | arxiv | \section{\@startsection {section}{1}{\zeta@}%
{-3.5ex \@plus -1ex \@minus -.2ex
{2.3ex \@plus.2ex}%
{\normalfont\large\bfseries}}
\renewcommand\subsection{\@startsection{subsection}{2}{\zeta@}%
... |
541,165,881,075 | arxiv |
\section{Keywords}
accretion, accretion discs - binaries: close - novae, cataclysmic variables - instabilities
\section{Introduction}
\subsection{Background}
In an interacting binary system, the tidal torque on the accretion disc due to the orbital motion of the secondary star
plays two major roles. Firstly, it act... |
541,165,881,076 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
Finite mixture models provide a flexible means to model unobserved heterogeneity, and their usage spans across several disciplines including social sciences, medicine, biology and engineering. We refer the reader to Compiani and Kitamura \cite{CK} and McLachlan and Peel \cite{MP} for a dis... |
541,165,881,077 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In this note we present convincing evidence for a new, surprising duality between two apparently different approaches to MHV scattering amplitudes in $\cN=4$ super-Yang-Mills theory. One of them, recently proposed in \cite{us}, consists in treating the {\it integrand} of the amplitude as a ... |
541,165,881,078 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro} Bilayer quantum well systems, where (equilibrium) carriers in
one layer are electrons and the other layer are holes, have been
investigated extensively.~\cite{keldysh,bilayer,rice,shev,vig,palo} These
systems are one of the promising candidates for observing
Bose-Einstein conden... |
541,165,881,079 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The chiral condensate of Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) is, at sufficiently low temperatures, enhanced by a background magnetic field
\cite{D'Elia:2010nq,D'Elia:2011zu,Bali:2011qj,Bali:2012zg} due to magnetic catalysis
\cite{Klimenko:1990rh,Klimenko:1992ch,Gusynin:1994re,Gusynin:1994va,Gusynin:1... |
541,165,881,080 | arxiv | \section{#1}\setcounter{equation}{0}}
\renewcommand{\theequation}{\thesection.\arabic{equation}}
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\newcommand{\nonumber}{\nonumber}
\newc... |
541,165,881,081 | arxiv | \section{\label{sec:level1}Introduction}
Multi-scale flows, where different temporal and spatial scales are associated with different physical processes, are involved in many engineering problems. The modeling and simulation of these flows remains a research challenge. The gas flow at different scales can be catego... |
541,165,881,082 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
Is mimicking ecosystems the future of information systems? A key challenge in modern computing is to develop systems that address complex, dynamic problems in a scalable and efficient way, because the increasing complexity of software makes designing and maintaining efficient and flexible system... |
541,165,881,083 | arxiv | \section{\label{sec:intro}Introduction}
Quantum computers are expected to excel at certain computational tasks with an asymptotic advantage over their classical counterparts. Examples for such tasks include factoring~\cite{shor1994algorithms} and the simulation of quantum chemical processes~\cite{reiher2016elucidating... |
541,165,881,084 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In previous papers, sometimes in collaborations with other colleagues, we have analyzed spectral minimal partitions for some specific
open subsets of $\mathbb R^2$ and for the sphere $\mathbb S^2$. See \cite{HHOT} for some of the basic results and for more detailed
definitions.
In contrast with... |
541,165,881,085 | arxiv | \section*{Abstract}
{\bf We consider a time-dependent extension of a perturbative mean-field approach to the dirty boson problem by considering how switching on and off a weak disorder potential affects the stationary state of an initially {equilibrated} Bose-Einstein condensate by the emergence of a disorder-induced c... |
541,165,881,086 | arxiv | \section{\label{}}
\section{INTRODUCTION}
If R-parity conserving supersymmetry exists below the
TeV-scale, new particles will be produced and decay in cascades
at the LHC. The lightest supersymmetric particle will escape the
detectors, thereby complicating the full reconstruction of the
decay chains.
However, the... |
541,165,881,087 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
Measurements are physical processes and as such are subject to the laws of physics. In particular,
the interaction between a measurement device or probe and an object system needed to establish
suitable correlations between the quantity being measured and a pointer observable ar... |
541,165,881,088 | arxiv | \section*{Acknowledgements}\end{small}}
\newcommand\sref[1]{\hyperref[#1]{\S~\ref*{#1}}}
\newcommand\fref[1]{\hyperref[#1]{Fig.~\ref*{#1}}}
\newcommand\Eqref[1]{equation~(\hyperref[#1]{\ref*{#1}})}
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\newcommand\aref[1]{\hyperref[#1]{Appendix~\ref*{#1}}}
\newcommand{\... |
541,165,881,089 | arxiv | \section{}
\subsection{}
\subsubsection{}
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intr}
Coulomb (Yukawa) plasmas consist of a set of charged point particles interacting via a Coulomb repulsion which is screened by a neutralizing background gas. At sufficiently high pressure (or density) these systems can crystallize ev... |
541,165,881,090 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A random variable $Y$ is \textbf{stable} if there exists a sequence $Z_1,Z_2,\ldots$ of i.i.d. random variables and sequences $a_n,b_n$ such that
\[
\frac{\sum_{k=1}^n Z_k-a_n}{b_n},\ \text{converges in disribution to} \ Y,\ \text{as}\ n\to\infty.
\]
In other words, $Y$ arises as a distribution... |
541,165,881,091 | arxiv | \section{Ideas we want to explain}
\section{Introduction}
Traffic forecasting deals with the problem of regression and classification of road states taking into account Spatio-temporal features. Road states refers to traffic variables \cite{RESPATI2018131} \te... |
541,165,881,092 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Embedding learning in word-level has achieved much progress\cite{bengio2003neural,mikolov2013distributed,mikolov2013efficient,pennington2014glove} and the pre-trained word embeddings have been almost a standard input to a certain deep learning framework for solving upstream applications, such... |
541,165,881,093 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec::Introduction}
Human motor skills are precise and versatile, which allows us to perform motor tasks in different ways while achieving a consistent movement quality.
For example, when playing table tennis, we can hit the ball in various ways while still targeting a specific landing point... |
541,165,881,094 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Webs are planar graphs that lie at the interface of knot theory, representation theory, and combinatorics. From the knot-theoretic perspective, $\mathfrak{sl}_k$ webs are labeled plane graphs that act as morphisms in diagrammatic representation categories for the Lie algebras $\mathfrak{sl}_k$ ... |
541,165,881,095 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Identifying the origin of cosmic rays (CRs) is a century old problem~\cite{Hess:1912srp}. Much evidence has been accumulated supporting the widely accepted picture for Galactic CRs: Strong shocks in supernova remnants accelerate CRs by transforming part of the kinetic energy of the supernova eje... |
541,165,881,096 | arxiv |
\section{Evaluation}
\label{sec:evaluation}
In this section we introduce our datasets, metrics, and results on the University of Dundee 50 Salads dataset~\cite{stein_ubicomp_2013} and the JHU-ISI Gesture and Skills Assessment Working Set (JIGSAWS)~\cite{jigsaws-m2cai}. While 50 Salads was developed by researchers in ... |
541,165,881,097 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec_intro}
\setcounter{footnote}{3}
Building upon the initial X-ray observations of \citet{giacconi01,
giacconi02}, the Chandra Deep Field South (CDFS, $\alpha = 03^{\rm
h}32^{\rm m}25^{\rm s}$, $\delta = -27^{\circ}49^{\rm m}58^{\rm s}$)
has quickly become one of the most well-stu... |
541,165,881,098 | arxiv | \section*{References}
|
541,165,881,099 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
Container technology has quickly become the most promising cloud virtualization technique
for it is lightweight and portable to different hardware. The uptake of containerization
is fast up to the point that containers have become the unique runnable entities supported by
Goo... |
541,165,881,100 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Young star clusters are formed from molecular clouds and most of the young clusters
can be found along the spiral arms which are known to trigger star formation.
A number of young star clusters are located in the Perseus spiral arm in our Galaxy, which are
naturally formed and found due to the r... |
541,165,881,101 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Ordinary matter and antimatter asymmetry is a fundamental problem in
modern physics research. Since C. D. Anderson discovered the first
antiparticle, i.e. positron, inside the cosmic rays in 1932, then
the anti-neutrons, anti-protons and other anti-particles and light
(anti)nuclei have gradu... |
541,165,881,102 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Calculations of electrostatic interactions are among the most important components in molecular simulations
of systems at the micro/nano scale such as biomolecules, membranes, electrochemical energy devices,
and soft materials \cite{frenkel2002book,FPP+:RMP:2010,WK+:N:2011}. Due to the long-rang... |
541,165,881,103 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let $T$ be an abelian compact Lie group, not necessarily connected.
Let $X$ be a compact $T$-equivariant manifold, or more generally a finite
$T$-$CW$ complex. We denote by $H_T^*(X)$ the $T$-equivariant (Borel)
cohomology of $X$, as described in Atiyah and Bott~\cite{AB}, and by
$K_T^*(X)$ the... |
541,165,881,104 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Silhouetted against the Galactic background, Infrared Dark Clouds
(IRDCs) are opaque at wavelengths $\sim$ 10 $\mu$m (P\'erault et
al. 1996; Egan et al. 1998), cold ($T < 20$~K; Carey et al. 1998;
Pillai et al. 2006), and dense ($\rm n_H \geq 10^{3} - 10^{5} cm^{3}$;
Teyssier et al. 2002;... |
541,165,881,105 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Stock markets are environments where many kind of participants, with different goals, interact by buying and selling stocks. There is an auction where agents stream buy and sell prices to a public centralised limit order book (OB) in order to be matched by other agents~\cite{Lu2018}. \autoref{fi... |
541,165,881,106 | arxiv |
\section{Conclusion}
\label{sec:conclusion}
We investigated the model robustness problem in the context of skill routing in one of today's state-of-the-art large-scale conversational AI systems, specifically by exploring a set of modeling design choices from three perspectives: model architecture choice, data augmenta... |
541,165,881,107 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) can be directly detected through
their scattering off target nuclei of a detector\cite{goodman85}.
In the last decades, numerous experiments, using different targets and
detection techniques, have been searching for WIMPs or are c... |
541,165,881,108 | arxiv | \section{Introduction.} In this note ${\mathbb K}$ is an algebraically closed field of
characteristic $0$. Let $G$ be an affine algebraic group over ${\mathbb K}$ and $H$ a closed
subgroup in $G$. We respectively denote by $G_{\rm u}$ and $H_{\rm u}$ the unipotent radicals
of $G$ and $H$. It is known \cite{Bi}(Proposi... |
541,165,881,109 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The Bose-Einstein (BE) and Fermi-Dirac (FD) statistics are
key concepts in modern physics, which remarkably start
penetrating even in social sciences (see e.g. \cite{Aert}).
There are many approaches to the derivation of the basic particle
distributions: canonical (or Boltzmann), grand can... |
541,165,881,110 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
The number of scientific papers has been growing exponentially for over a century~\cite{dong17,fortunato18}. The number of papers per author has been relatively stable for a long time, but it has been increasing over the past decades~\cite{dong17}, favored by the growing tendency of... |
541,165,881,111 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The sign changes problem of the Fourier coefficients of cusp forms has been the focus of much recent study, due to their various number theoretic applications. Coming back to the general scenario, in \cite{murty83} Ram Murty, proved that for an arbitrary cusp form belonging to any congruence subg... |
541,165,881,112 | arxiv | \section{Acknowledgements}
The work of G.G. was supported
by Georgian NSF grant ST06/4096 and INTAS grant 06-1000017-9258.
\newcommand{\nop}[1]{}
|
541,165,881,113 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Four dimensional field theories have been remarkably successful at
describing nature at energies less than several hundred GeV.
Unfortunately progress at higher energies has been frustrated by a
dearth of general theoretical tools that apply to strongly coupled
models. Our understanding of fiel... |
541,165,881,114 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} Global Value Numbering is an important static analysis to detect equivalent expressions in a program. Equivalences are detected by assigning \emph{value numbers} to expressions. Two expressions are assigned the same value number if they could be detected as equivalent. The seminal work on GVN by ... |
541,165,881,115 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\IEEEPARstart{G}{iven} the complexity, chaos, and unpredictability of real-world environments, safety is a critical challenge for autonomous systems.
This is particularly the case for mixed autonomy systems, which refer to systems in which humans and machines both exhibit control in the same envi... |
541,165,881,116 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In the midst of the Covid-19 pandemic, it is natural to ask: could we
have been able to collectively anticipate the spread of zoonotic
diseases, understand possible reactions, and formulate more adaptive
responses? Many individuals anticipated that something like this was
coming
\citep{yong2018a... |
541,165,881,117 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
An association scheme is a combinatorial object which is defined by some algebraic properties
derived from a transitive permutation group (see Section~2 for definitions).
Actually, any transitive permutation group $G$ on a finite set $\Omega$
induces an associations scheme $(... |
541,165,881,118 | arxiv | \section*{I. Introduction}
The equilibrium thermodynamical properties of real systems provide
signatures of phonon anharmonicities induced both by
electron-phonon and phonon-phonon interactions. While in general
the exact thermodynamics of anharmonic {\it e-ph} model
Hamiltonians can be derived only in one dimension a... |
541,165,881,119 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{delcont}
\input{delcont_intro.tex}
\section{The system MQC$^+$}
\label{delcont_mqcplus}
\input{delcont_mqcplus.tex}
\section{Relationship to MQC and CQC}
\label{delcont_equicons}
\input{delcont_equicons.tex}
\section{Properties}
\label{delcont_srprogress}
\input{delcont_srprogress.tex}
\se... |
541,165,881,120 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\IEEEPARstart{C}\small{o}operative communications for wireless networks have gained great research interest, due to its ability to enhance the performance of wireless networks. The relay networks, specially the MIMO relay networks, where an additional node acting as a relay is supporting the exch... |
541,165,881,121 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
Since its introduction in \cite{MR0318007}, spectral analysis of various matrices associated to groups has become one of the most widely used clustering techniques in statistics and machine learning.
In the context of unlabeled graphs, a number of methods, all of which come under ... |
541,165,881,122 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{introduction.sec}
A meson with no orbital angular momentum can be a vector ($V$) state with
spin~1 or a pseudoscalar ($P$) state with spin~0.
Their relative production $\VVP$=$V/(V$+$P)$
is sensitive to non-perturbative effects in the hadronisation process
and cannot be calculated exact... |
541,165,881,123 | arxiv | \section{Preliminaries}
\label{sec:prelim}
In this section, we introduce the syntax and semantics of Signal Temporal Logic (STL)~\cite{maler2004monitoring,donze2010robust}.
STL is a formal specification language for real-valued signals. We consider $n$-dimensional discrete-time signals $\xi$ over $\mathbb{T}$, where $... |
541,165,881,124 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
DC-DC buck (step down) power converters serve to convert a direct
current (DC) voltage level to a lower DC voltage level
\cite{Eri99}. One of the most popular types of power converters
uses pulse width modulation (PWM). A pulse width modulator
produces a train of square pulses with a constant fr... |
541,165,881,125 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\subsection{The problem}
We propose to use neural networks to approximate the Jacobian matrix $J$ of a multivariate function $F$, where in the training of the neural network we use only a finite sample of input-output pairs $(x,F(x))$. Crucially, no additional information about $F$ or $J$ enter... |
541,165,881,126 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
The Hamilton equations of motion \eqref{HamiltonEquations}
play an important role in physics and mathematics. They often
require numerical methods for solution \cite{SanzSerna, McLachlanQuispel, HLWG}.
A well-behaved class of such methods are the \emph{symplectic solvers}, which
pre... |
541,165,881,127 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Calculations of equivariant cobordism rings of a finite or compact Lie group $G$ are a current frontier
of equivariant homotopy theory. The cobordism rings we have in mind here are homotopy rings of the corresponding
equivariant Thom spectra, as defined in \cite{lms}. Because of transversali... |
541,165,881,128 | arxiv | \section*{TODOs}
@Johannes
\begin{itemize}
\item Major: Adapt Alg. 1 and 2 to represent better circom's implementation if possible. Adding a ZKP flavor would make them real contributions. I also have input variables a and b (prover and verifier input values), but I do not know what exactly they are. We should expla... |
541,165,881,129 | arxiv |
\section{Conclusions and Future Work}
\label{sec:conclusion}
This paper presents a new approach to managing the conflicting tradeoffs between
software caching and garbage collection. The key to our approach is widening the
interface between the application and the runtime system in order to increase
cooperation and b... |
541,165,881,130 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In existing categorical approaches to probability theory, one works with a suitable category of measurable spaces and equips it with a monad, which associates to every space $X$ the space of probability measures on $X$~\cite{early}. This applies e.g.~to the Giry monad~\cite{giry} and to the Rado... |
541,165,881,131 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
Curriculum learning trains a model by using easy examples first and gradually adding more difficult examples. It can speed up learning and improve generalization in supervised learning models \cite{bengio_curriculum_2009,amiri_repeat_2017,platanios_competence-based_2019}.... |
541,165,881,132 | arxiv | \section{Atomic effects in $0\nu\beta\beta$\ decay}
In $0\nu\beta\beta$\ decay, an atomic nucleus hypothetically transforms into its second-neighbor on the periodic table of nuclides, simultaneously emitting two new electrons and no antineutrinos.
In all experiments performed to date, the initial state nucleus is dep... |
541,165,881,133 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{Introduction}
Road attributes understanding is widely researched for autonomous driving, which relates to various tasks such as road area segmentation, traffic sign detection, intersection recognition, et.al. For the urban road nets where comprehensive traffic signs and driving rules are p... |
541,165,881,134 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
Loads with constant power consumption tend to dynamically reduce their effective impedance as a means to compensate for a reduction on the power supplied by the network \cite{vvc1998}. However, when the network power transfer capacity is met, further reduction on the effective i... |
541,165,881,135 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Shannon's entropy, introduced by \cite{shannon1948mathematical}, is one of the building blocks of Information Theory and a key aspect of Machine Learning (ML) methods (e.g., Random Forests). It is one of the most popular measurement on countable alphabet\footnote{An countable alphabet is a spac... |
541,165,881,136 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
This paper presents an importance sampling based approximate optimal
planning and control algorithm. Optimal motion planning in
deterministic and continuous systems is computationally NP-complete
\cite{lavalle2006planning} except for linear time invariant
systems. For nonlinear systems, t... |
541,165,881,137 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In recent years, bike-sharing systems become popular in major cities around the world as a novel way of travel. From the perspective of protecting the environment and keeping health, this way of travel reduces carbon emissions and pollution while exercising the body. Meanwhile, it accords with ... |
541,165,881,138 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{Intro}
There is no universally accepted derivation of the Schr\"odinger equation for a single spinless pointlike particle, and
certainly no derivation of quantum mechanics as a whole. There have been many attempts to establish a classical stochastic
foundation for the single-partic... |
541,165,881,139 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Camera calibration is the process of finding the camera intrinsic parameters, mainly the focal length and the parameters of a chosen distortion model, to produce a pinhole-like image where straight lines in the real world are projected into straight image lines. There are known methods to perform... |
541,165,881,140 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Being a bulk real-space probe, with information about the precession
and relaxation rates of nuclear spins at different sites inside the
sample, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) has served as one of the
key experimental tools\cite{Walstedt2008} in the study of the
electronic properties of high te... |
541,165,881,141 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Experimental and theoretical methods for studying quantum fields have traditionally been divided between the ``continous-variable'' and ``discrete-variable'' camps, each with distinct language and experimental techniques \cite{BraunsteinBOOK2010}. Recently this artificial division has begun to ... |
541,165,881,142 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{introduction}
Recent experiments show that single layer graphene, and stacks of graphene
layers, have unusual electronic properties \cite{Netal04,Zetal05}, that may
be useful in the design of new electronic devices
\cite{Betal04,Betal05,Netal05b}. Among them, we can mention the Dirac-li... |
541,165,881,143 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
It is well established that Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) are powered by accreting supermassive black holes (SMBH), with a significant fraction of AGN prone to moderate to Compton-thick obscuration due to circumnuclear gas and dust. Under the unified model of AGN, much of the obscuration is prod... |
541,165,881,144 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Spherically symmetric solutions are important because they allow to compute different observables within the solar system or to study the stability of large scale structures \cite{Pavlidou:2013zha,Tanoglidis:2014lea}. They can consequently provide a very important tool to test modified gravity th... |
541,165,881,145 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Phase transitions highlight the beauty of universality, despite the great diversity of nature. For example, one finds a unified description for systems ranging from ultracold bosons~\cite{Fisher:1989vw, Greiner:2002wt} to magnetic insulators~\cite{PhysRevLett.100.205701, Giamarchi:2008wu, Coldea... |
541,165,881,146 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
It is largely believed that the Peccei-Quinn (PQ) mechanism~\cite{PQ} must be
realized in nature, since it explains the smallness (or absence) of
the CP-violating term in the strong sector of the SM. This problem,
known as the Strong-CP problem, is solved dynamically: the CP-violating
term is d... |
541,165,881,147 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
It has been known for a long time that light minimally coupled scalar
fields typically have anomalously high vacuum expectation values
(VEV) for even powers of fields in the de Sitter background. In
particular, the mean square of a free, massive and minimally coupled to
gravity scalar field in... |
541,165,881,148 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The study of open clusters is extremely important for improving our
understanding of stellar and galactic evolution.
In particular, knowledge of accurate fundamental parameters of star
clusters (i.e., age, distance, reddening, metallicity) is essential
for many astrophysical calibrations. It... |
541,165,881,149 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The metric of the stationary space-time resulting from the gravitational
collapse of (rotating) black hole is diffeomorphic to the Kerr metric
\cite{carter,robinson,chand}.
Because general diffeomorphisms contain also supertranslations
(angular-dependent
time translations at the null infinity) ... |
541,165,881,150 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Mastering a foreign language is a process that requires (human) language learners to invest time and effort. If the foreign language (L2) is very distant from our native language (L1), not much of our prior knowledge of language processing would be relevant in the learning process. On the other h... |
541,165,881,151 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\thispagestyle{empty} The dynamical systems with fractional
dynamics are adequate for the description of various physical
phenomena in viscoelasticity, diffusion processes, dielectric
relaxation, etc \cite{1,2,3,4}. However, now the analysis of
nonlinear differential equations with fractiona... |
541,165,881,152 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In the middle of twenth century, the usual idea of convergence was extended into statistical convergence by Fast \cite{17}(see also Steinhaus \cite{32}) using the concept of natural density of sets. After remarkable works of Fridy \cite{19} and salat \cite{31}, statistical convergence has become ... |
541,165,881,153 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Exponential time differencing (ETD) methods are numerical methods for the time integration of systems of evolutionary partial differential equations based on exponential integrators and the variation-of-constants formula. The methods have been studied by many researchers for various classes of pr... |
541,165,881,154 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
The Two-Higgs Doublet Model (THDM) was introduced by T.~D.~Lee decades ago~\cite{Lee:1973iz} in order to have another source for CP violation -- necessary in particular to address
the imbalance problem of baryonic matter over baryonic antimatter in the observable Univer... |
541,165,881,155 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Blue straggler stars (BSSs) are commonly found in old globular
clusters (GCs), which are generally characterized by ages in excess of
$\sim$10 Gyr, and in Galactic open clusters (OCs) of various ages
\cite[e.g.,][]{Ferr03a,Xin05a,Math09a,Li13a,Bald16a}. They appear to
be main-sequence (MS) stars... |
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