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541,165,881,256 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The concept of trapped surfaces was introduced by Roger Penrose in \cite{Pen} and it plays an important role in general relativity.
A surface in a 4-dimensional spacetime is called marginally trapped if it is closed, embedded, spacelike and
its mean curvature vector is lightlike at each po... |
541,165,881,257 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Non-Hermitian Hamiltonians with the joint parity and time-reversal (PT) symmetry have recently attracted a lot of attention~\cite{Bender:2007nj} and very interesting applications have been found for a number of physical systems in particle physics, nuclear physics, optics, electronics, and many ... |
541,165,881,258 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
MRIs provide us with the technology to detect tumors or neoplasms at an early stage and provides essential information for early disease detection, i.e., identify abnormal or diseased tissue. A neoplasm is this uncoordinated abnormal and excessive growth of a tissue occurring inside the body \cit... |
541,165,881,259 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
Low energy states of local Hamiltonians often contain entanglement that is limited in a way that can be exploited to efficiently parameterize such states by means of a \textit{tensor network}.
A tensor network representation of a quantum many-body state consists of a set of ... |
541,165,881,260 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Modern control applications are characterized by physical, safety and energy limitations that can often be translated into state and input constraints on the plant dynamics. Without accounting for their effect during control design, these constraints are often met using an ad-ho... |
541,165,881,261 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}%
\label{se:dim-and-codim}
We attach to every element of a distributive bounded lattice $L$ a
(possibly infinite) dimension and codimension, by copying
analogous definitions in algebraic geometry. The definitions are
second order, in terms of chains of prime filters of $L$ ordered by
inclusion,... |
541,165,881,262 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Over the past century, researchers have devoted considerable effort into studying animal grouping behavior due to its important implications for social intelligence, collective cognition, and potential applications in engineering, artificial intelligence, and robotics~\cite{Couzin2009}. Indeed, ... |
541,165,881,263 | arxiv | \section{The choice of $\mu$ domain wall operator}
\label{sec:2ndDW}
In this work, we have chosen the axial vector back ground
$i\mu \epsilon(x_5)\gamma_6\gamma_7$, which is insensitive to $U(1)_A$,
to realize the $\mu$ domain wall.
This choice is, however, not the unique solution for having chiral mode at the domain... |
541,165,881,264 | arxiv |
\section{Conflict-free colourings via co-occurrence graphs} \label{sec:cfccog}
Given a hypergraph $H=(\mathcal{V}, \mathcal{E})$, we show that the conflict-free colouring number of $H$ is the minimum chromatic number over a set of simple graphs associated with $H$. We refer to each such simple graph as a \textit{co-... |
541,165,881,265 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec1}
In high-dimensional data analysis, it is often necessary to test whether a mean vector is equal to another vector in the one-sample case, or to test whether two mean vectors are equal to each other in the two-sample case. One such example is to test
whether two gene sets, or pathw... |
541,165,881,266 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The existence of large spots or spot groups on the surfaces of cool stars
other than the Sun is well established. This discovery can be traced
back to \citet{Kron1947} who observed four eclipsing binaries and detected
significant light variability outside eclipse that could not be explained
... |
541,165,881,267 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
An intermetallic compound with a complex crystal structure, possessing many crystallographic sites and/or a large number of atoms in the unit cell, often shows an interesting phenomenon as follows.
Ce$_{3}$Pd$_{20}$Si(Ge)$_{6}$ and LaFe$_{13-x}$Si$_{x}$ crystallize into the cubic C$_{6}$Cr$_{23... |
541,165,881,268 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:1}
Term ``magnetars'' was coined for neutron stars with ultrastrong magnetic
fields $B\sim 10^{14}-10^{15}$~G (Duncan \& Thompson 1992; Paczy\'nski 1992).
There is substantial evidence for ultrastrong fields in soft gamma repeaters
(SGRs) and anomalous X-ray pulsars (AXPs) (see e.g. ... |
541,165,881,269 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\subsection{Model and main results}
In a series of recent papers, models based on partial differential equations have been derived to study crime, see \cite{BN},
\cite{CCM, Pit10, RB, SBB, SDPTBBC}.
Some of these papers are most related to modeling burglary of houses.
A basic issue here is to... |
541,165,881,270 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Non-relativistic conformal symmetries, much studied in
recent times \cite{conformal,LSZGalconf,Gopa,Ali,MaTa,DHNC}, are two-fold.
The usual one is
Schr\"odinger symmetry \cite{Schr,Bargmann}, highlighted by
dilations and expansion,
\begin{eqnarray}
D~:&
&t^*=\lambda^2t,
\quad
{\bm{r}}^*=\lambd... |
541,165,881,271 | arxiv | \section{Negation Alteration Rules}
We designed elaborate rules for negation alteration. The transformation rule from affirmative sentences to negative is shown in Table~\ref{tab:na}. In reverse, from negative sentences to affirmative, we removed the negation words~(``not'' or ``n't'') and altered the corresponding for... |
541,165,881,272 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} A unital embedding of a matrix algebra $M_m({\mathbb C})$ into a unital {$C^*$-al\-ge\-bra}{} $A$ can exist only if the equation $mx = [1_A]$ has a solution $x \in K_0(A)$. Thus, only {$C^*$-al\-ge\-bra} s in which the class of the unit in $K_0$ is $m$-divisible admit a unital embedding of $M_m({... |
541,165,881,273 | arxiv | \section{Conclusions}
\label{sec:concl}
This analysis shows the potentiality of using the ``cosmic chronometers'' approach to constrain the expansion
history of the Universe up to $z\sim2$. Using spectroscopic observation of a few very massive and passive galaxies
in the range $1.4<z<2.2$, I provide two new measuremen... |
541,165,881,274 | arxiv | \section{Introduction and main result}\label{sec1}
\noindent
We consider the following second order ordinary differential inclusion (o.d.i.), driven by a Sturm-Liouville type operator, and coupled with mixed boundary conditions:
\begin{equation}\label{odi}
\begin{cases}
-(p(x)u')'+q(x)u\in\lambda F(u) &\text{in $(a,b)... |
541,165,881,275 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Duality in interacting quantum field theories is a fascinating phenomenon. Supersymmetric gauge theories have provided us with many interesting examples of duality. One interesting class of examples is provided by mirror symmetry in three dimensions \cite{Intriligator:1996ex}. This duality relat... |
541,165,881,276 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec1}
Diamondoids, also known as molecular diamond, are nanostructured
forms containing diamond-like carbon cages passivated with hydrogen
atoms. Although they have been known for a long time, only the recent
successes in separating them in different sizes and shapes \cite{dahl}
a... |
541,165,881,277 | arxiv | \section{\label{sec:level1}Introduction}
Already in the fifties and sixties the main properties of the two band
superconductors have been clarified \cite{Suhl1959,moskalenko1959,Suffczynski1962,Kondo1963}.
At that time, however,
the existing materials did not show clear evidence of two band behavior.
The experimental... |
541,165,881,278 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
It looks like the popular opinion that ``it is much easier to invent an artificial brain than to discover the working principles of the human brain'' is true. This is because an artificial intellect only requires the execution of mental functions, and not the underlying brain mechanisms. This kin... |
541,165,881,279 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Multiagent systems with self-interested agents are becoming
increasingly important. One reason for this is the {\em technology
push} of a growing standardized communication
infrastructure---Internet, WWW, NII, EDI, KQML, FIPA, Concordia,
Voyager, Odyssey, Telescript, Java, {\em etc}---over whic... |
541,165,881,280 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Renewable energy plays an increasing role in the energy supply world-wide, and wind energy is one of the key players in the field of renewable energy.
The \emph{wind farm layout problem} entails the process of planning the placement of turbines (and supporting equipment) on a potential wind far... |
541,165,881,281 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The Cotton Mouton Effect (CME) refers to the small birefringence that arises in gases in the presence of a magnetic field \cite{cme,cme1}.
A modern theory of the subject was given by Buckingham and Pople in 1956 \cite{bp} and has been reviewed by Rizzo {\it et al.} \cite{rizzoc}.
CME effect rep... |
541,165,881,282 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A new paradigm in the study of random walks has recently emerged
\cite{aharonov,kempe, sanders, knight,zhao, jeong, our, milburn,
lattice, exp, bouwmeester, bose1,bose2,zubairy, chaos, nmr,
ent-knight}. The random walker has been assigned an additional
quantum degree of freedom which could be spi... |
541,165,881,283 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The deep learning field has grown in popularity in recent years with the success of back-propagation based models. For the past few years, CNNs have consecutively achieved the state-of-the-art accuracy for classification tasks \cite{alexnet_owt, googlenet, resnet} on large image datasets \cite{im... |
541,165,881,284 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Phase transition phenomena in quantum field theories are typically of
nonperturbative nature and thus naive perturbation theory based on an
expansion in the coupling constant cannot be employed. This is clearly the
case of phase changes at high temperatures, where perturbation theory becomes
unr... |
541,165,881,285 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introd}
Several observational studies have provided strong evidence for the
presence of supermassive black holes with masses $M_{BH}$ in the range
$10^6~\ltorder~M_{BH}/M_{\odot}~\ltorder~10^9$ at the centers of elliptical and
spiral galaxies. The masses of these central black holes
... |
541,165,881,286 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\quad
Let $ \mathbb{K} $ be a field and let $ \mathbb{K}^{\ell} $ be the $ \ell $-dimensional vector space over $ \mathbb{K} $.
An \textbf{arrangement} $ \mathcal{A} $ is a finite collection of hyperplanes in $ \mathbb{K}^{\ell} $.
We say that $ \mathcal{A} $ is \textbf{central} if every hype... |
541,165,881,287 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The study of the scalar field models in diverse dimensions attracted
much interest in the last few years. The $O(N)$ vector model of the
scalar fields with the relevant interactions in six dimensions has
been extensively studied in the context of a critical phenomenon and
large $N$ expansi... |
541,165,881,288 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Functional data analysis as a field has grown considerably over the past three decades, likely owing to increasing interest in analyzing high-dimensional data that arise from continuously observing processes over various domains, including time, space, and frequency. We refer the reader to \cite... |
541,165,881,289 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{S1}
This paper provides a contribution to the literature on \emph{intergenerational equity}, which has drawn much attention from economists, philosophers and social planners.
One of the principal issues examined in these studies is how to take the future generations' well-being into acco... |
541,165,881,290 | arxiv | \chapter{}
It is a well known fact, that in the 2+1 dimensional electrodynamics, the
Lagrange density of the gauge field can be modified by adding the
Chern-Simons term
$(\kappa/4)\epsilon^{\mu\nu\alpha}F_{\mu\nu}A_\alpha$.
This modification has many interesting
consequences, like e.g. the existence of self-dual vo... |
541,165,881,291 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:introduction}
Over the past decade, smartphones equipped with location-sensing technologies – such as multilateration of radio signals between cell towers, global navigation satellite systems, or connection to Wi-Fi positioning systems -- have become ubiquitous throughout much of the w... |
541,165,881,292 | arxiv | \section{\@ifstar\starsection\boldsection}
\setcounter{section}{3}
\makeatother
\newtheoremstyle{theorem}
{12pt}
{0pt}
{\sl}
{\parindent}
{\bf}
{. }
{ }
{}
\theoremstyle{theorem}
\newtheorem{thm}{Theorem}[section]
\newtheorem{lemma}[thm]{Lemma}
\newtheorem{cor}[thm]{C... |
541,165,881,293 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Microtubules and actin filaments are important biopolymers that construct the mechanics of the eukaryotic cells \cite{cell,Nelson,howardbook}. Microtubules the most rigid
biopolymers of the cellular cytoplasm, organize to
form asters and mitotic spindle inside the cells. The dynamics of these ... |
541,165,881,294 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{introduction}
The notion of
$n-$Lie algebra introduced by Filippov in 1985 (see \cite{F}), is a natural generalization of
the concept of a Lie algebra to the case where the fundamental multiplication is $n-$ary,
$n \geq 2$ (when $n = 2$ the definition agrees with the usual definition of a ... |
541,165,881,295 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\noindent During the process of low mass star formation, an excess of angular momentum in the parent molecular cloud will generally result in the formation of a circumstellar disc. In the early phases of this disc's existence, it is expected to be relatively massive, cool, and extremely weakly ... |
541,165,881,296 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Statistical properties of finite number of bosons confined by a trapping potential are
intensively studied ever since the very first experiments on dilute gas Bose-Einstein
condensates. Initially a full understanding has been reached of the statistics of the
confined ideal Bose gas \cite{grossma... |
541,165,881,297 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Also known as IL Aqr, GJ\,876 is only 4.72~pc away from our Sun and is thus the
closest star known to harbor a multi-planet system.
It has been tracked by several instruments and telescopes from the very
beginning of the planetary hunt in 1994, namely the Hamilton (Lick),
HIRES (Keck) echell... |
541,165,881,298 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\setcounter{equation}{0}
The \textit{Cox-Ingersoll-Ross model} (CIR-model) introduced by Cox et
al.\ (1985) has been used widely in the financial world. This model has
many appealing advantages. In particular, it is mean-reverting and remains
positive. Let $a>0$, $b>0$ and $\sigma>0$ be ... |
541,165,881,299 | arxiv | \section{Symmetries, dynamics and observables}
Voltaire said that natural philosophy is about calculating
and measuring -- almost everything else is chimera. I suppose our three
lectures on precision electroweak analysis will be with Voltaire's
blessing, as it involves much calculating and measuring.
We focus mostly ... |
541,165,881,300 | arxiv | \section{#1}}
\renewcommand{ |
541,165,881,301 | arxiv | \subsection{Attempt of serving traffic without additional MEC units}
In Algorithm \ref{alg_attempt}, the main idea is to check whether ingress nodes can host all the traffic,
without using other MEC units in order to save both computation cost and latency.
To this end, we first individuate the subset of ingress nodes (... |
541,165,881,302 | arxiv | \section{Complex State Generation} \label{sec:hardstate}
\subsection{Background on Information and Complexity of Quantum States} \label{sec:statecomplexity}
A typical quantum state has Komogorov complexity at least polynomial in the dimension of the Hilbert space. As in \cite{mora_algorithmic_2005}, the total number of... |
541,165,881,303 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let $m\geq 1$ and $n\geq 2$ be integers. A graph $\Gamma$ of order $mn$ is called \cite{MS} an {\em $(m, n)$-metacirculant graph} (in short {\em $(m, n)$-metacirculant}) if it has an automorphism $\s$ of order $n$ such that $\lg\s\rg$ is semiregular on the vertex set of $\Gamma$, and an automorp... |
541,165,881,304 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
The $\gamma -$ray region of the electromagnetic spectrum has been the last
to be successfully exploited as a channel for astronomical investigation.
Although it was realized as far back as 1958 (Morrison, 1958), the detection
techniques were difficult and the fluxes were low. The chief motivatio... |
541,165,881,305 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
When in a vacuum a black hole can be considered one of the simplest
objects in the universe, since it is fully characterized by its mass
and angular momentum. Despite this simplicity, black holes continue to be challenging to study with a multitude of important and unanswered questions
concernin... |
541,165,881,306 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Federated edge learning (FEEL) refers to the implementation of federated learning algorithms \cite{googleai,McMahan2017commun} in a wireless network, where edge devices train a shared machine learning (ML) model using their local datasets, and periodically communicate with a base station (BS) v... |
541,165,881,307 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:Introduction}
The detection of gravitational waves (GWs) in 2015~\cite{LIGOScientific:2016aoc} ushered in a major revolution in modern astrophysics and cosmology.
The GW transient catalogs published by the LIGO--Virgo--KAGRA collaboration can be used to carry out population studies an... |
541,165,881,308 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\input{introv4}
\section{Resources}
\label{sec:resources}
\subsection{Notation}
\label{sec:notation}
The \emph{d-dimensional torus} is $\btd =\brd / \bzd $.
Let $\bcd_*=\bcd\setminus\set{0}$, and $\brd_*=\brd\setminus\set{0}$.
The symbol $\floor x$ denote... |
541,165,881,309 | arxiv | \section{Introduction \label{s:intro}}
High-density laser-produced plasmas find many applications, ranging from inertial confinement fusion\cite{Atzeni2004,Craxton2015, Betti2016}, over the propulsion of small spacecrafts\cite{Phipps2007, Phipps2010}, to sources of extreme ultraviolet (EUV) light for nanolithography\... |
541,165,881,310 | arxiv | \section{From an Internal Response to a Quantum Pump Effect}
\label{intro}
The possibility to vary several parameters at the same frequency
but with different phases \cite{SMCG99}
of a coherent (mesoscopic) system opens up
new prospects for the investigation of dynamical quantum transport.
The adiabatic variation... |
541,165,881,311 | arxiv | \section*{Acknowledgement}
\noindent {\bf Acknowledgements }
This work is supported by
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific research
from the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports, and Culture (MEXT), Japan, No. 25400248 (M.K.), No. 21111006 (M.K.);
the World Premier International Research Center Initiative (WPI Initiative), ... |
541,165,881,312 | arxiv | \section{Supplementary Information}
\renewcommand{\theequation}{S\arabic{equation}}
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\renewcommand{\thetable}{S\arabic{table}}
\setcounter{table}{0}
\subsection{I. Details of the Quantum Monte Carlo simulation}
We apply both t... |
541,165,881,313 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images are an important source information in many applications, such as urban planning, environmental monitoring, crop management, oil prospection, mining exploration, wind detection, animal life detection, among others.
A SAR is a coherent radar of high resolutio... |
541,165,881,314 | arxiv | \subsection*{Methods}
\textbf{Standing mode method versus flying photon method.}
Quantum state transfer and entanglement generation through a standing mode has been routinely used on single chips, using half-wavelength coplanar waveguide resonators as communication buses~\cite{Sillanpaa2007,Majer2007,Ansmann2009,Steffe... |
541,165,881,315 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Light squeezing is an important physical concept that continues to attract attention of researchers due to its potential for implementing quantum information processing and quantum computing.
As an alternative to single-photon schemes, the demonstration of the Einstein, Podolsky, and Rosen (EPR)... |
541,165,881,316 | arxiv | \section*{\boldmath \thesectie. #1}%
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\begin{list}{}{
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\item[\rm (\theequation)\hfill]
#1
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\newcommand{\raisebox{1.4pt}{... |
541,165,881,317 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In this paper, we consider a class of distributed nonsmooth convex resource allocation problems with directed graphs. A wide range of problems in the field of coordination of multi-agent systems \cite{ZY2017}-\cite{JC2018}, economic dispatch of power systems \cite{Cortes2016} and machine learnin... |
541,165,881,318 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
One of the important systematic effects that must be accounted for in CMB instruments is telescope stray light and sidelobes \citep[e.g.,][]{barnes2003,planck2013-p02a}. This is the non-zero response of the detector to areas of the sky outside the main beam, however th... |
541,165,881,319 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
\longVer{
In 1990, the Human Genome Project was kicked off with the goal of producing the first complete sequence of a human genome;
at a cost of almost \$3 billion, it was completed 13 years later~\cite{lander2001initial}.
Since then, costs have dropped at a staggering rate: by ... |
541,165,881,320 | arxiv | \section{Introduction
Shape segmentation aims to divide a 3D shape into meaningful parts, and to reveal its internal structure. This is the basis and prerequisite to explore the inherent characteristics of the shape. The results obtained from shape segmentation can be applied to various fields of computer graphics, su... |
541,165,881,321 | arxiv | \section{Introduction\label{int}}
Staring with the appearance of the classical works of Weil, Wigner and Wan der Warden everybody understands the dominant role played by symmetries in quantum mechanics. In particular all fundamental quantum mechanical systems such as Hydrogen atom and harmonic oscillator can be s... |
541,165,881,322 | arxiv |
\section*{Acknowledgements}
We thank
Orianna DeMasi for helpful comments and suggestions regarding this manuscript,
Kevin Jamieson for insightful discussions regarding Monte--Carlo simulation,
Anders Rantzer for pointing out references related to this work,
Max Simchowitz for guidance regarding the proof of Theorem~... |
541,165,881,323 | arxiv | \section{\@startsection {section}{1}{\z@}{-5.5ex plus -.5ex
minus -.2ex}{1ex plus .2ex}{\large \bf}}
\pagestyle{fancy}
\renewcommand{\sectionmark}[1]{\markboth{ #1}{ #1}}
\renewcommand{\subsectionmark}[1]{\markright{ #1}}
\fancyhf{}
\fancyhead[LE,RO]{\slshape\thepage}... |
541,165,881,324 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
As is well known, a set of the multidimensional real Euclidean space $\mathbb{R}^n$ is called \emph{convex} if, together with its two arbitrary points, it contains the entire segment connecting the points \cite{Leh}. Moreover, the intersection of an arbitrary number of convex sets is again a ... |
541,165,881,325 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Stochastic optimal control is an important research subject that attracts scientists and engineers in various fields from theoretical scientific research to practical industrial production. The {\it control process} (also called {\it control policy}), which controls a stochastic dynamical system... |
541,165,881,326 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
The prediction of scattering phase-shifts of strongly interacting systems directly from quark-gluon dynamics has become possible through rapid advances in lattice QCD calculations. In such ab-initio calculations one can also vary parameters that are inaccessible in experiment lik... |
541,165,881,327 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
An important result on black holes physics is concerned with the Hawking's theorem \cite{Hawking:1971vc} which asserts that the event horizon of an asymptotically flat
stationary four-dimensional black hole obeying the dominant energy condition is a $2-$sphere. The clues of the proof lie in the... |
541,165,881,328 | arxiv | \section{\@startsection{section}{1}%
{\bf z}@{.7\linespacing\@plus\linespacing}{.5\linespacing}%
{\bfserie
\centering
}}
\def\@secnumfont{\bfseries}
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\usepackage{amsmath,amssymb,amsthm,graphicx,amsxtra, setspace}
\usepackage{relsize}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{alltt}
\usepackage{relsize}
\usepack... |
541,165,881,329 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
The Standard Model of particle physics is parametrized by several
dimensionless `fundamental constants', such as coupling constants and
mass ratios, whose values are not predicted by the Model itself.
Instead their values and, indeed, their constancy must be established
experime... |
541,165,881,330 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Consider a randomized trial being conducted in a finite population of $N$ units to assess the causal effect of a factor (which we denote by $A$), with two levels coded as $-1_A$ and $+1_A$. The numbers of units randomly assigned to levels $-1_A$ and $+1_A$ are fixed to be $\Nminusdot$ and $\Nplu... |
541,165,881,331 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
An early model for geometrically thick accretion disks were the
equilibrium tori of \citet{fishbone76,fishbone77,kozlowski78} and
\citet{abramowicz78}. In these models, the entropy and angular
momentum distribution are chosen arbitrarily. The equations of motion
fix the fluid's density, veloci... |
541,165,881,332 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In relativistic quantum mechanics, the calculation of the lowest lying bound states of a
relativistic electron in a static Coulomb potential is a classic problem. In some respects the perturbative solution provided by Bethe\cite{B64} is both simple and elegant and a standard example in many textb... |
541,165,881,333 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The value of accumulating and proving elements in a trustless manner is invaluable for ensuring tamper-proof data and has a variety of use cases in blockchain, certificate transparency, and outsourced data models.
There are a variety of different methods for attaining data authentication, with t... |
541,165,881,334 | arxiv | \section*{Methods}
Time-differential perturbed angular distribution (TDPAD) methods:
The $^{32}$Al beam was stopped in a Cu crystal stopper
mounted on the experimental apparatus for TDPAD measurements,
which was placed in a focal plane after the achromatic focal plane F7.
The TDPAD apparatus consists of a Cu crystal st... |
541,165,881,335 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\begin{lstfloat}[!b]
\begin{lstlisting}[captionpos=b, caption=QALD-6 SPARQL query generated from the full-text ``\textit{In which town was the man convicted of killing Martin Luther King born?}'', label=lst:sparql,language=sparql]
PREFIX dbo: <http://dbpedia.org/ontology/>
PREFIX dbp: <... |
541,165,881,336 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Stacked long Josephson junctions (LJJ's) have recently received much attention since they show a variety of new physical phenomena \cite{SBP,PUPS,CurLock:Cryogen92,Cherry1,CurrLock} in comparison with single LJJ's and have potential for applications as a narrow linewidth powerful oscillators for... |
541,165,881,337 | arxiv | \section*{}
\vspace{-1cm}
\footnotetext{\textit{$^{a}$~Department of Physics and Soft and Living Matter
Program, Syracuse University, Physics Building, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA}}
\footnotetext{\textit{$^{b}$~Instituto de Biocomputaci\'on y F\'isica de
Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain}}
\footnote... |
541,165,881,338 | arxiv | \subsection{\@startsection
{subsection}{2}{0mm}
{-\baselineskip}
{0.5\baselineskip}
{\FloatBarrier\normalfont\Large\bfseries}}
\makeatother
\newcommand{\centpcol}{\leftskip\fill \rightskip\fill}%
\newcommand{\begin{equation}}{\begin{equation}}
\newcommand{\end{equation}}{\end{equation}}
\newcommand{\PreserveBackslas... |
541,165,881,339 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Superconducting spintronics aims at utilizing the spin degree of freedom of either Cooper pairs or quasiparticles to implement functional electronic devices \cite{eschrig2011,linder2015,beckmann2016,bergeret2018}. Recently, large spin-dependent thermoelectric effects have been predicted \cite{... |
541,165,881,340 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro}
Legged robots are expected to operate in real-world, shared with human, in a dense, dynamically changing, unpredictable, and somewhat adversarial environment. Existing legged robots are mostly made of metal material with up to 90-kg in weight, run as fast as 20 mph (about 8.9 m/s... |
541,165,881,341 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Radiation from young massive stars plays a crucial role in star forming regions, and its effect on spatial dust distribution inside \ion{H}{ii} regions is also non-negligible.
\cite{ODell1965} firstly observed dust inside the \ion{H}{ii} region and many other observations found dust in \ion{H}... |
541,165,881,342 | arxiv | \section{I. Introduction}
Olfaction, the sense of smell, is one of the most ancient yet intriguing senses of living organisms to being in contact with the environment. Smell is caused by the small, neutral, volatile molecules known as odorant. In Human beings, olfaction occurs when the odorant molecules bind to specifi... |
541,165,881,343 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec1}
Linear programming in standard form is the optimization problem
\begin{equation}
\label{eq:LP}
{\rm Minimize} \,\,\,c \cdot x \,\,\,\hbox{subject to}\, \,\,A x = b
\,\,{\rm and} \,\, x \geq 0 .
\end{equation}
Here $A$ is a nonnegative $d \times n$ matrix of rank $d$ with no zero co... |
541,165,881,344 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let $\Fbb$ be a number field and $\Ocal_\Fbb$ be its ring of integers. The Dedekind zeta function attached to $\Fbb$ is defined to be:
\begin{equation*}
\zeta_\Fbb(s)=\sum_{(0)\ne \Ical\trianglelefteq \Ocal_\Fbb}\frac{1}{|\Ocal_\Fbb/\Ical|^s}=\prod_{(0)\ne \mathfrak{p}\trianglelefteq \Oca... |
541,165,881,345 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Prior to the turn of the century, most comet observations were limited to the observable night sky, i.e. at significant solar elongations. This prevented observations of most near-Sun comets -- which \citet{GeraintEtAl2018} define as having a perihelion closer than Mercury's perihelion distance;... |
541,165,881,346 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Our starting point for this paper is a question that arises from two well known statements.
One is a standard application of Ramsey's theorem: that whenever
the natural numbers are finitely coloured (i.e.~partitioned into a finite number of classes) there is an
infinite set $X$ with all p... |
541,165,881,347 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Computer Vision applications rely of large volumes of video data to be processed to learn the patterns related to the objects/regions of interest (ROIs). From robotic vision to object detection and real-time object tracking applications for autonomous driving, there is a need to isolate \textit{k... |
541,165,881,348 | arxiv | \section{}
\section{Introduction}
The dynamics of networks of interacting units, e.g.\ correlation and synchronization, depends on the properties of the nodes, as well as on the organization of their interactions.
Neurons in cortical networks typically spike asynchronously despite a large number of synapses coupling... |
541,165,881,349 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
With the increasing availability of genomic-scale datasets, comprised
of sequences from many genetic loci, it has become clear that
individual gene trees inferred for the same taxa are often
discordant. While gene tree inference error may be a factor, there are
also many biological processes tha... |
541,165,881,350 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The alkaline iron selenides $A_xFe_{2-y}Se_2$ ($A =$ K, Rb, Cs) have attracted much interest recently due to the observation of superconductivity with $T_c \approx 30K$\cite{Guo2010,Wang2011c,KrztonMaziopa2011,Fang2011} in conjunction with antiferromagnetism with an unusually high ordering temper... |
541,165,881,351 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Compact operators play significant role in the operator theory and its applications.
Various kinds of classical convergences, like order and relatively uniform convergences,
in vector lattices are not topological \cite[Thm.2]{Gor},
\cite[Thm.5]{DEM1}, \cite[Thm.2.2]{DEM2}. Fortunately, eve... |
541,165,881,352 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
There are a number of systems that can be modeled effectively
as a particle
moving over a two-dimensional (2D) periodic substrate under a dc drive.
Such systems include vortices in type-II superconductors
interacting with 2D pinning arrays
\cite{Harada96,Reichhardt97,Martin99,Reichhardt08a,Gutie... |
541,165,881,353 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
We are currently witnessing the beginnings of a new era of technology---an era of technology that fully exploits the unique resources of quantum mechanics. This \lq\lq{second quantum revolution}\rq\rq \ (Dowling and Milburn, 2003) will demand a new generation of engineering m... |
541,165,881,354 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
\begin{par}
Let $A$ be an abelian variety over a number field $k$, let $X$ be a subgroup of the Mordell--Weil group $A(k)$ and let $P \in A(k)$ be a rational point. We want to ``decide'' whether $P$ belongs to $X$ or not. To do so, we choose a model of $A$ over an open subscheme $U$ of $\spec\m... |
541,165,881,355 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
For a polynomial $P\in \mathbb{C}[x]$ of the form
\[P(x)=\displaystyle\sum_{j=0}^d a_j x^j= \displaystyle a_d \prod_{k=1}^d (x-\mu_k), a_d\not=0,\]
its Mahler measure \cite{Mahler 62} is given by
\[M(P) = \exp\Big(\displaystyle\frac{1}{2\pi}\displaystyle\int_{0}^{2\pi} \log |P(e^{i t})| d... |
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