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541,165,882,556
arxiv
\section{Introduction\label{sec:intro}} The electronic properties of low-dimensional materials depend strongly on the size and geometry of the system \cite{Ogawa_optics_low_dimensions, Nakada_edges_early}. For instance, the bandstructure of a monolayer and a stripe of graphene are significantly different. A stripe of g...
541,165,882,557
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Higher-derivative theories have been investigated in various contexts of physics: higher-derivative terms naturally occur as quantum corrections to lower-derivative theories; nonlocal theories, for example string theories, are considered to be equivalent to higher-derivative theories; gravity th...
541,165,882,558
arxiv
\section{Introduction: Motivations for a 2-Level System} The identity type is probably the single concept of intensional Martin-L\"of type theory ($\textsf{MLTT}$) which has created most questions, stimulated most research, caused most confusion, and enabled the largest number of different views. Written $\idtype[A] ...
541,165,882,559
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} As more and more astrophysical events are observed by gravitational wave detectors such as LIGO,\footnote{The Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory.} Virgo, and KAGRA,\footnote{The Kamioka Gravitational Wave Detector.} accurate models of gravitational waves ...
541,165,882,560
arxiv
\section{Introduction} It is well know that there could be some theoretical relations between quark and lepton masses, however apparently Nature indicates that the lepton mixing angle should be completely uncorrelated to the quark mixing angles. Recent neutrinos experimental data show that in first approximation, the l...
541,165,882,561
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The pair-correlation density $g(r)$ is one of the key concepts in describing the correlation effects, arising from Pauli exclusion principle and Coulomb interaction, in the homogeneous electron liquid (or gas).\cite{ichimaru} It also plays a significant role in the constructions of the exchange-...
541,165,882,562
arxiv
\section*{Abstract}\vspace{-1ex} We introduce an original way to estimate the memory parameter of the elephant random walk, a fascinating discrete time random walk on integers having a complete memory of its entire history. Our estimator is nothing more than a quasi-maximum likelihood estimator, based on a second orde...
541,165,882,563
arxiv
\section{THE DEMAND FOR DYNAMIC CONTENT} Within a decade of its inception, the Web evolved from a static hypertext presentation medium into a standard user interface technology for a growing class of interactive information systems. The initial Web implementation, defined by its static nature and a purposefully low...
541,165,882,564
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} The essence of economic growth and growth in general was captured by T.R. Malthus\cite{Malthus1798} and P.F. Verhulst\cite{Verhulst1838} as early as the 1800's: multiplication and competition. Malthus was the first to write (1798) a differential equation describing the dynamics of a...
541,165,882,565
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Very old and interesting question is the following: Is there a purely geometric reasoning of the fact that in the planes of a "three-dimensional projective space" the Pappus's theorem must be true? The classical investigations contains the following clear algebraic reasoning: A Desarguesian pr...
541,165,882,566
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} The world population is anticipated to reach $9.7$ billion by $2050$ and could reach $11$ billion by the end of this century \cite{un}. Given these projections, it is anticipated that worldwide food consumption will increase at a rapid pace. The needed increase in food product...
541,165,882,567
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{chap1} \setcounter{page}{1} \renewcommand{\thepage}{\arabic{page}} Let $R$ be a Riemann surface. The \tei space $T(R)$ is a space which describes all quasiconformal deformations of $R$. It is well known that $T(R)$ becomes either a finite dimensional complex manifold or a non-separ...
541,165,882,568
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The study of exotic structures on manifolds is a topic of fundamental interest in differential topology. The first such example comes up in the celebrated paper of Milnor \cite{Mil56}, in examples of manifolds that are homeomorphic to $S^7$ but not diffeomorphic. This inspires the definition of t...
541,165,882,569
arxiv
\subsection{Verification and Parameter Tuning with HOO-MB} \label{sec:smc-mfhoo} \paragraph{Verification} In order to use HOO-MB for verification, a natural choice for the objective function would be to define $f(x):= \phit{k}{\mathcal{U}}{x}$ for any initial state $x \in \Theta$. Evaluating this function $\phit{k}{\...
541,165,882,570
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Numerous constraint satisfaction problems are believed to have a ``phase transition'' in the random case when the ratio $r$ of clauses to variables crosses a critical threshold $r^*$: that is random formulas are w.h.p.\ satisfiable if $r < r^*$, and w.h.p.\ unsatisfiable if $r > r^*$, in the lim...
541,165,882,571
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The universal quantum invariant \cite{Law89, Law90,O} associated to a ribbon Hopf algebra is an invariant of framed tangles in a cube which has the universal property over Reshetikhin-Turaev invariants \cite{RT90}. The relationship between the universal quantum invariant and $3$-dimensional, g...
541,165,882,572
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Human face recognition is a challenging problem in computer vision with several biometrics applications. This problem essentially faces difficulties due to variations in facial appearance caused by factors such as illumination, expression, and partial occlusion from accessories including glasses,...
541,165,882,573
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The chemical composition of the Sun is used as a reference frame throughout astronomy and therefore the precise determination of the solar abundances is of particular interest. Beside indirect methods utilizing solar wind particles and meteorites, the measurement of photospheric lines is used ...
541,165,882,574
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this paper we revisit an old key technique from what currently are the theoretically fastest parameterized algorithms for treewidth and pathwidth, namely the use of {\em typical sequences}, and give additional structural insights for this technique. In particular, we show a structural lemma, ...
541,165,882,575
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Superconducting qubits have emerged as a leading technology for quantum computing due to their scalability and high gate fidelities, which exceed the threshold for fault tolerance \cite{Barends2014SuperconductingTolerance}. However, further extending the coherence times of these qubits remains a...
541,165,882,576
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Circle packing is possibly the prototype of a multidisciplinary problem: for physicists working in soft condensed matter circle packing, or more generally sphere packing, is relevant in the study of systems with a large number of particles interacting via contact (short--range)...
541,165,882,577
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \setcounter{equation}{0} For any von Neumann algebra with a faithful state Tomita-Takesaki theory gives a natural dynamics constructed using the complex structure of the algebra. It was shown by Bisognano and Wichmann that for the algebra of the Wightman fields localised in a spacelike wedge ...
541,165,882,578
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The little Higgs \cite{LH} is proposed as an elegant mechanism of electroweak symmetry breaking with a naturally light Higgs sector. So far various realizations of the little Higgs symmetry structure have been proposed \cite{otherlh,lst,sst}, which can be categorized generally into two classes \c...
541,165,882,579
arxiv
\section{Introduction} If we want to analyze the propagation of a gravitational wave (GW) in de Sitter space, we have two possibilities. The first one is to perform the appropriate expansion around the background \cite{7, 8K, S1, S2, S3}. And the second one is to perform the expansion around the flat Minkowskian bac...
541,165,882,580
arxiv
\section*{INTRODUCTION} Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have remarkable electronic properties related with their unique geometrical structure.\cite{Saito,Reich} For example, the way in which the graphene sheet is wound into a cylinder determines whether CNTs are metals or semiconductors.\cite{Hamada,Saito2} Recent advanc...
541,165,882,581
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In the early eighties our understanding of the perturbative behaviour of non abelian gauge field theories was enriched by works of Caswell \cite{Caswell}, Banks and Zaks \cite{Banks:1981nn}. It was noticed that a second zero of the two-loop beta function of an SU(3) gauge theory with $N_f$ ma...
541,165,882,582
arxiv
\section{Introduction and Motivation} Helly's theorem states that if every $d+1$ sets in a collection of convex sets in $\mathbb R^d$ share a point, then there is a point common to all the sets. Helly's theorem, along with its relatives such as Radon's and Carath\'eodory's theorems, has \blue{numerous} consequences ...
541,165,882,583
arxiv
\section{Introduction} This is a paragraph of text to fill the introduction of the demonstration file. The demonstration file attempts to show the modifications of the standard \LaTeX\ macros that are implemented by the \textsf{achemso} class. These are mainly concerned with content, as opposed to appearance. \secti...
541,165,882,584
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} \IEEEPARstart{A}{non-invasive} brain-computer interface is a framework that bridges the gap between human brains and external computers \cite{schalk_practical_2010,lopez-larraz_brain-machine_2018}. Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals are multi-channel time series acquired from hu...
541,165,882,585
arxiv
\section{Introduction.} Oscar Zariski (1899--1986) was a central figure in 20th century mathematics. His life, ably recounted in \cite{parikh}, took him from a small city in White Russia, through his advanced training under the masters of the ``Italian school'' of algebraic geometry, and to a distinguished career in th...
541,165,882,586
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The emission spectrum of a lasing system reflects the complex dynamics of spatial and temporal fluctuations. For a single mode laser, Schawlow and Townes predicted the linewidth of the Lorentzian spectral peak to scale as the inverse of the emitted power~\cite{schawlow1958}. However, c...
541,165,882,587
arxiv
\section{SSA Method} In this research, we have investigated the combined IVS troposphere zenith delay (TZD) series and focused on behavior trends and seasonal components with the help of Singular Spectrum Analysis (SSA) \cite{Golyand}. Additional information on SSA method, its abilities and the corresponding software c...
541,165,882,588
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{Sect1}\noindent Let $M$ be a smooth $n$-dimensional manifold. On $M$ consider a globally defined Stratonovich SDE of the type \begin{equation} \label{eq:StratonovichSDE} \delta X=A(X)\,\delta Z+A_0(X)\,dt \end{equation} with $A_0\in\Gamma(TM)$, $A\in\Gamma(\R^r\otimes TM)$ for some $r$...
541,165,882,589
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} A precise knowledge of the multiple Coulomb scattering is required in many experimental and theoretical activities. Recently a new experiment, MUonE, has been proposed with the aim of measuring the running of the effective electromagnetic coupling at low momentum transfer in th...
541,165,882,590
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Black holes are the natural test ground for quantum gravity. Much of the current knowledge on quantum effects in strong gravitational fields indeed comes from the study of stationary black holes. However many interesting open questions, such as the validity of the cosmic censorship conjecture or...
541,165,882,591
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In~\cite{Johnstone1990Collapsed}, Johnstone considered the following very natural question: when is a variety---by which we mean the category of models of a single-sorted equational algebraic theory---a cartesian closed category? This was, in fact, a follow-up to an earlier question---``when is ...
541,165,882,592
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:intro} In several respects, Globular Clusters (GCs) have remained as one of the most relevant astronomical objects of study during more than one hundred years. They were at first thought to be examples of simple stellar populations, which was later proven incorrect due to detailed ch...
541,165,882,593
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Nowadays, the main problem of Yang-Mills theories (YM) and consequently of quantum chromodynamics (QCD), is to explain theoretically the confinement phenomenon. Despite the fact that there are several approaches to treat the issue, there is no final answer to the confinement problem. Let us brie...
541,165,882,594
arxiv
\section{An LP rounding-and-refinement algorithm} \label{sec:heur} In this section, we will focus on designing an efficient algorithm, based on the proposed LP relaxation \eqref{lp}, to obtain a high-quality solution for problem \eqref{newmip}. The basic idea of the proposed algorithm is to decompose the hard proble...
541,165,882,595
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \subsection{Overview of the normal form problem} The aim of the paper is to use methods of {\em Cauchy-Riemann geometry} (shortly CR-geometry) for solving the following well known problem: construct a {\em complete} normal form for a (real or complex) second order ordinary differential equatio...
541,165,882,596
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec1} The field of heavy hadron spectroscopy has attracted much attention nowadays. Experimentally, plentiful hadronic resonances have been observed, such as the so-called X, Y, and Z states \cite{X3872,Y3930,Y4260,Z3930,X3940,Z4430,Z4050,Y4140} (for experimental reviews, e.g., see \cite{Sw...
541,165,882,597
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} High accuracy astrometry at radio frequencies provides fundamental information for many fields of astronomy and astrophysics \citep{ReidHonma2014}. Very Long Baseline Interferometry has provided trigonometric parallaxes with accuracies of $10~\mu$as or better for masers associ...
541,165,882,598
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Quantum key distribution (QKD) provides information-theoretic secure keys between two remote parties based on the laws of quantum mechanics. Since the development of the first QKD protocol in 1984\cite{bennett1984proceedings}, quantum information processing, particularly quantum communication, ha...
541,165,882,599
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} Learning based automatic music generation has been an active research area~\cite{tatar2019musical,briot2017deep}. Existing learning based music generation methods, however, have paid less attention to real-time interactive music generation (\textit{e.g.}, interactive due...
541,165,882,600
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The observed conservation of charged-lepton flavor is a long-standing mystery. Despite the lack of protection from a fundamental symmetry, no charged-lepton-flavor-violating decays have been observed~\cite{doi:10.1146/annurev-nucl-102912-144530}. Lepton-flavor violation has been observed in t...
541,165,882,601
arxiv
\section*{Conclusions} In this paper we look at improvements that can be made to the transverse mass variable at the Tevatron to enhance measurements of the $W$ width. In particular we look at enhancements that come from using the rapidity of the measured charged lepton that comes from the $W$ decay. We construct 2 ne...
541,165,882,602
arxiv
\section{Experiments at the J-PARC Hadron Experimental Facility} \subsection{The KOTO experiment until 2021} The KOTO collaboration is searching for the $K_L \to \pi^0 \nu \overline{\nu}$ decay at the J-PARC KOTO experiment. For the branching ratio of the decay, we set an upper limit of $3.0\times 10^{-9}$ at 90\% CL...
541,165,882,603
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} Real-time optimal powered descent guidance algorithms that enable precision landing are key to maximizing the probability of landing success. Such algorithms allow the vehicle to cope with a more adverse set of model uncertainties, environmental disturbances, and...
541,165,882,604
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} The number of American workers employed in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) occupations has risen rapidly over the last two decades, yet there is an ongoing debate whether this number is sufficient to answer the market's demand.\cite{Noonan2017a,storm1,storm2} ...
541,165,882,605
arxiv
\section{Introduction. Wells turbines and OWC systems} \label{sec:wells} A Wells turbine is an axial-flow turbine consisting of a rotor usually with symmetric (uncambered) blades staggered at a 90 degree angle relative to the incoming flow. This turbine is used within oscillating water column (OWC) systems, which conv...
541,165,882,606
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In \cite{MIU68}, Miura introduced the remarkable transformation \begin{eqnarray}\label{miu} u=q^2-q_x \end{eqnarray} relating solutions of the KdV equation \begin{eqnarray*} u_t=u_{xxx}-6uu_x \end{eqnarray*} with solutions of the modified KdV (mKdV) equation \begin{eqnarray*} q_t=q_{xxx}-6q^2q_x...
541,165,882,607
arxiv
\section{Introduction and Theory} Understanding the origins of dissipation and noise in nanomechanical resonators is vital to a wide range of applications including ultra-sensitive force transduction and the production of long-lived quantum states of macroscopic objects. With much dedicated recent work, a variety of...
541,165,882,608
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{s:introduction} Almost half a century ago, \cite{hoyle+60} proposed that some supernovae may originate from the degenerate remnants of stellar evolution. These objects are known as Type~Ia supernovae (SN~Ia) and are commonly believed to be the end points of the evolution of intermediate mas...
541,165,882,609
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA)~\cite{PrePhaseA} is set to be launched in the middle of the next decade. As LISA is an all-sky antenna, it will detect sources in all directions, and across a great range of distances. The types of sources range from monochromatic white dwarf binarie...
541,165,882,610
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The internet is crowded with e-commerce businesses, with numbers ranging from 12 to 24 million websites in 2019\cite{top-ecommerce-companies-of-2019}. E-commerce websites are commonly structured around items lists, items details, a shopping cart and a checkout process, with an optional step for ...
541,165,882,611
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In [L1] Lambropoulou initiated the mixed link theory which is the link theory in the solid torus. A mixed link is an embedding of a disjoint union of finitely many circles into the solid torus $Y$. Since the 3-sphere has the canonical genus 1 Heegaard decomposition, it can be considered as an e...
541,165,882,612
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{IntroSec} A detailed knowledge about the dynamics of spinning compact binaries is of interest to both astrophysicists and theoretical physicists. The astrophysical interest arises from the highly accurate radio observations of relativistic binary pulsars, which can be used to test general...
541,165,882,613
arxiv
\section{Introduction\label{sec:intro}} Nonlocal operators and defects enrich our knowledge of interacting quantum field theories: In theories with mass gap, they can be important order parameters which help to distinguish different phases. The prototypical examples of such operators are the Wilson and the `t Hooft loo...
541,165,882,614
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Our knowledge of the short/hard class of gamma-ray bursts \citep[GRBs;][]{Dezalay91,Kouv93} has substantially improved since the launch of the \textit{Swift} and HETE-2 satellites \citep{Gehe04,Ricker02}. At the time of writing (2007 April), some 25 events had been accurately localized, and, for...
541,165,882,615
arxiv
\section{Introduction and Summary of Results} The AdS/CFT correspondence \cite{Maldacena:1997re,Gubser:1998bc,Witten:1998qj} has led to marvelous insights in quantum gravity and large $N$ gauge theories. Most progress has been made (see \cite{Aharony:1999ti} and references therein) relating weakly coupled gravity or s...
541,165,882,616
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The propagation of gamma-ray bursts (GRB) in the interstellar medium is a topic that has attracted considerable interest. GRB are highly energetic and diverse events, which are thought to be produced by violent stellar processes, in particular the supernovas and mergers of binary neutron stars. T...
541,165,882,617
arxiv
\section{Introduction and Summary of results}\label{intro} Let $p$ be a prime, $n\geq 1$ be an integer. We will use ${\mathbb F}_{p^n}$ to denote the finite field of size $p^n$, and ${\mathbb F}_{p^n}^*$ to denote the set of nonzero elements of ${\mathbb F}_{p^n}$. Let $f: {\mathbb F}_{p^n}\rightarrow {\mathbb F}_p$ b...
541,165,882,618
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Recently, a new class of iron-based superconductors was discovered. LiFeAs and NaFeAs were found to be superconducting with T$_c$ = 18K and 9K, respectively \cite{pitcher08, tapp08, wang08, parker08}. These compounds have an unexpected lack in magnetic order at all temperatures whereas in \textit...
541,165,882,619
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{chp:experiments} \label{chp:intro} Deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are the core building block for most modern visual recognition systems. In the past several years they have lead to major breakthroughs in many domains of computer perception. Since the inception of the field t...
541,165,882,620
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} \input{src/010introduction} \section{Related Work} \label{sec:background} \input{src/020related_works} \section{CLIP-Lite} \label{sec:method} \input{src/030method} \section{Experiments} \label{sec:experiments} \input{src/040experiments} \section{Conclusion} \label{se...
541,165,882,621
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this talk, which is based on the work \cite{Baier:2008js}, the transport coefficient in an anisotropic but homogenous plasma at high temperature is discussed. The quoted paper contains a full list of references. The observation at RHIC of a strong suppression of large momentum particles in...
541,165,882,622
arxiv
\section{Introduction} We are interested in classifications of compact Sasakian manifolds. Sasakian geometry is an odd-dimensional counterpart of K\"ahler geometry. However, in contrast to classifications of compact K\"ahler manifolds up to biholomorphism, the existence of a finite dimensional local moduli space of a c...
541,165,882,623
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The study of singularities occurrence in nonlinear evolution problems constitutes a source of intriguing questions deeply related to the mathematical and physical issues. The basic example of a PDE evolution leading to shock formation is given by the so called Burgers' equation (actually intr...
541,165,882,624
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Multivariate regression aims at predicting a scalar output $y$ from an input vector of covariates ${\bf x}\in {\mathbb R}^p$. After collecting measurements about a scientific phenomenon of interest, a data set ${\cal D}^{(n)}=({\bf y}^{(n)}, X^{(n)})$ called \emph{traning set} is built, where ...
541,165,882,625
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Machine learning (ML) especially deep ML schemes have beaten human-level performance in many computer vision, language, and speech processing tasks which were considered impossible a decade ago. This success of ML schemes has inspired the ideas of self-driving networks \cite{feamster2017and} and ...
541,165,882,626
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \selectlanguage{american} Advances in the experimental techniques for manipulating and contacting atomic-sized objects have turned the vision of molecular-scale electronic circuits into a realistic goal.\foreignlanguage{english}{\cite{Nazin:Science2003,Nitzan:Science2003,Tao:NatureNano2006,Linds...
541,165,882,627
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have arguably fueled remarkable progress in computer vision, leading to state-of-the-art performances in many challenging tasks such as image classification~\cite{russakovsky2015imagenet, he2016deep, he2016identity, krizhevsky2012imagenet}, object detecti...
541,165,882,628
arxiv
\section*{Appendix}}\let
541,165,882,629
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Holography \cite{Maldacena:1997re,Witten:1998qj,Gubser:1998bc} has recently been used to construct putative novel phases of compressible matter. While many examples of theories with holographic dual are known, the simplest holographic duals correspond to scale invariant theories. The original ...
541,165,882,630
arxiv
\section*{Results} \subsection*{Theory of polygon modes in WGM} Ideal whispering gallery microcavities are azimuthal symmetric. Under the theory of whispering gallery modes, these modes are approximately mutually orthogonal when the optical Q is sufficiently high. In the presents of perturbations, however, the eigen m...
541,165,882,631
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this paper, we study several definitions of privacy---formalisms for limiting disclosure in statistical procedures---and their consequences in terms of achievable (statistical) risk for estimation and data analysis. We review (and present a few new) definitions that attempt to capture what, i...
541,165,882,632
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Comments of online articles provide a form of discussion and improve user's engagement. Automatic generation of article comments has a huge value in online forums and intelligent chatbots, etc~\cite{Qin:18}. However, automatic generation of article comments is a new, challenging and not well-stu...
541,165,882,633
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Denote by $C_0^\infty(\mathbb R^n)$ the smooth functions with compact support in $\mathbb R^n$. Let $0<q<2<p \text{ and }2<n<\frac{2(p-q)}{p-2}$. A subclass of the well-known Caffarelli-Kohn-Nirenberg (CKN) inequalities \cite{Caffarelli-Kohn-Nirenberg} states that for any real-valued $f\in C_0...
541,165,882,634
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In the half-space $\Pi=\R_+\times\R^n$, $\R_+=(0,+\infty)$, we consider the Cauchy problem for a first order Hamilton-Jacobi equation \begin{equation}\label{1} u_t+H(\nabla_x u)=0 \end{equation} with merely continuous hamiltonian function $H(p)\in C(\R^n)$, and with initial condition \begi...
541,165,882,635
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Mendelian randomization (MR) \textcolor{black}{has been} a popular method in genetic epidemiology to study the effect of modifiable exposures on health outcomes using genetic variants as instrumental variables (IV). In a nutshell, MR uses instruments, typically single nucleotide polymorphisms (SN...
541,165,882,636
arxiv
\section{Introduction} We consider the Cauchy problem for the derivative nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation (DNLS) on the real line~$\R$: \begin{equation} \label{e:DNLS} \arraycolsep=1.4pt\def\arraystretch{1.5} \left\{ \begin{array}{rcl} i\p_t u + \p_{x}^2 u & = & - i \p_x(|u|^2 u), \\ u\big|_{t=0} & = & u_0\...
541,165,882,637
arxiv
\section*{Abstract}{\small The spectra fits to a sample of 34 supernova remnants \citep{2019ApJ...874...50Z} are updated. $\gamma$-ray spectra of 20 supernova remnants (SNRs) with a soft TeV spectrum are further analyzed. We found that 17 of them can be fitted in the hadronic scenario with a single power-law ion distri...
541,165,882,638
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{intro}} \section{Introduction} Human Swarm Interaction (HSI) is a growing research field~\cite{wearable},~\cite{hsi} that deals with the interface between a human and a swarm of robots within a mission. This interface is not limited to the graphical user interface, but to the overall intera...
541,165,882,639
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{introduction} The energy and Lorentz factor that we expect in the ejecta in supernovae and gamma-ray bursts are important because they constrain the amount of energy that can be deposited in the photons we observe from these explosions. Previous work on the ejecta, notably \cite{tan01}, u...
541,165,882,640
arxiv
\section{Proof of Theorem \ref{main}}\label{secmain} Let us start this section with the following \begin{lem}\label{asintotico} If $u(t,x)$ is the unique solution to \eqref{schr} where $f\in {\mathcal S}({\mathbf R}^n)$, and $\psi(|x|)$ is as in theorem \ref{main}, then: \begin{equation}\label{radiation} \lim_{t\rig...
541,165,882,641
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Open resonators are common in many applications including acoustic properties of musical instruments, laser cavities, and multilayer x-ray resonators \cite{ELEJABARRIETA2002584,Karman1999,schenk2011optimization}. A widely applicable technique to terminate the computational domain in resonance as...
541,165,882,642
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} The last decade is an era of deep learning's renaissance. In the field of computer vision, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs)~\citep{AlexNet, NIN, VGG, InceptionV1, InceptionV2, InceptionV3, InceptionV4, ResNet, SENet} have been widely used in real applications related to visual p...
541,165,882,643
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:Introduction} \PARstart{I}{nspired} by exceptional learning capabilities of human beings, Reinforcement Learning (RL) systems have emerged aiming to form optimal control policies merely by relying on the knowledge about the past interactions of an agent with its environment. Such a l...
541,165,882,644
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} The exploration of Saturn's satellite system by the {\it Cassini-Huygens} spacecraft has forced a reappraisal of existing models for the origin of Titan. Indeed, a puzzling feature of the atmosphere of Titan is that no primordial noble gases other than argon were detected by th...
541,165,882,645
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{S:1} The controllability analysis for the dynamical systems is started in 1960's by R. Kalman, et al, \cite{KalmHoNar1963}, and became one of the most important analysis methods for dynamical properties and supported the 60 years development of the control theory, for revealing deeply...
541,165,882,646
arxiv
\section{Introduction and the main result} For $1\le p\le \infty$, let $L^p:=L^p(\mathbb{T})$ and $H^p:=H^p(\mathbb{T})$ be the standard Lebesgue and Hardy spaces on the unit circle $\mathbb{T}$, respectively. Denote by $\{\widehat{a}(k)\}_{k\in\mathbb{Z}}$ the sequence of the Fourier coefficients of a function $a\in L...
541,165,882,647
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Research of general metric spaces is more difficult than that of compact metric spaces. Hence we ask when a metric space is compactified in the sense that it is embedded in a compact metric space through a metric preserving map. This problem is difficult in general, but it becomes simple in the o...
541,165,882,648
arxiv
\section{Introduction} One-dimensional (1D) quantum spin system coupled with lattice degree of freedom has been extensively studied experimentally and theoretically, since the systems provide a playground of spin-Peierls transition. Conventional spin-Peierls compounds like organic materials exhibit the transition with...
541,165,882,649
arxiv
\section{\label{I}Introduction} Universal scaling laws for the dimensional properties of flexible polymer chain in a good solvent, such as the end-to-end distance $R_e$ and the gyration radius $R_g$, are well explained and understood since the groundbreaking studies by de Gennes and des Cloizeaux \cite{deGennes1...
541,165,882,650
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this text we consider the classical linear heat equation: \begin{equation}\label{eq:heat} u_{\,t}\ =\ \nu\,\boldsymbol{\nabla}^{\,2}\,u\,, \end{equation} where $u(\boldsymbol{x},\,t)$ is a quantity being diffused in some domain $\Omega\ \subseteq\ \mathds{R}^{d}\,$. In physical applications...
541,165,882,651
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} The popularity of deep learning in various fields such as image recognition~\cite{image_1,image_2}, speech~\cite{speech_1,speech_2}, bioinformatics~\cite{bioinformatics,drug}, question answering~\cite{qa} \emph{etc}\bmvaOneDot. stems from the seemingly favorable trade-off betw...
541,165,882,652
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The nuclear symmetry energy, and its density dependence, as characterized by the traditional symmetry energy parameters $S_V$ and $L$, has been the focus of much recent activity because it is the most direct link between nuclear physics and nuclear astrophysics~\cite{Steiner2005,LP07,Lattimer2...
541,165,882,653
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The use of quantum resources in sensing and metrology has a longstanding history which originated with the use of single-mode squeezed states \cite{Caves81} and multi-particle spin-squeezing \cite{WinelandBI+92,WinelandBI+94}, i.e., entanglement, {to enhance precision in interferometry and atomic...
541,165,882,654
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \vspace{-0.1cm} Code-switching occurs when a speaker alternates between two or more languages. With fast globalization and frequent culture exchange, code-switching has become a common language phenomenon which poses significant challenges to speech and language processing tasks including automa...
541,165,882,655
arxiv
\section{Introduction} We consider the optimization problem \begin{equation} \inf_{x\in {\mathcal X}} f(x)+g(x)+h(Mx) \label{eq:pb} \end{equation} where ${\mathcal X}$ is a Euclidean space, $M:{\mathcal X}\to {\mathcal Y}$ is a linear operator onto a second Euclidean space ${\mathcal Y}$; functions $f:{\mathc...