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541,165,882,356 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The molecular ion ${}^{36}\textrm{ArH}^+$ (argonium)
was identified through its rotational transitions in the sub-millimeter wavelengths
toward the Crab Nebula using SPIRE onboard the \textit{Herschel Space Observatory}~\citep{BarSwiOwe13},
with earlier and later observations
revealing ${}^{3... |
541,165,882,357 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Fluid models have been used to describe plasma behaviour in a magnetic field since Braginskii derived the plasma fluid equations and calculated the transport coefficients in 1965 \cite{Braginskii1965}. Many other fluid systems have been derived based on these original equations using various sim... |
541,165,882,358 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Complex networks provide a common framework to study different complex systems \cite{barabasi2016network}. Representing agents as nodes and interactions as links is a general enough description to fit many real systems, such as protein-protein interaction networks, social networks, transportatio... |
541,165,882,359 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The theoretical prediction\cite{Kane2005,KaneMele2005b,bernevig2006} and experimental realization\cite{konig2007} of two-dimensional topological insulators marked the beginning of immense research activities in view of their functionalities in spintronics\cite{Nadj-Perge602,Roth294,Trauzettel2013... |
541,165,882,360 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\subsection{Data description and statistical challenges}
This work is motivated by a neuroscience study conducted by co-author, Ron D.~Frostig, where the goal is to investigate the impact of an extreme shock (such as a stroke) on the functional organization of the rat brain. In the experiment de... |
541,165,882,361 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Graphene and related systems continue to be laboratories for new ideas and sources of remarkable new effects. With its low energy physics determined by two small pockets of the Brillouin zone, it led scientists to realize that a new effective observable, the valley, emerges in many physical situ... |
541,165,882,362 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
The origin of large-scale magnetic fields in
astrophysical bodies such as stars and galaxies
remains an outstanding problem, given that
those fields are coherent on the scale of
the systems themselves.
Indeed, the observed scale is often larger
than the scale of the turbulent moti... |
541,165,882,363 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:Introduction}
Divided differences can be viewed as a discrete analogue of
derivatives and are commonly used in approximation theory,
see \cite{Boor} for a survey.
Recently, the second author and Lyche established two univariate chain rules for divided differences \cite{DividedDiffChain... |
541,165,882,364 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Quarkonium and quarkonium-like states play an important role in understanding Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD), which is the
generally accepted theory for strong interactions between quarks and gluons. However, there are no first-principles
methods to derive the spectrum and properties of hadrons ... |
541,165,882,365 | arxiv | \section{Conclusion}
A natural direction to extend our research is to better understand the trade-offs between the run-time of approximate sampling algorithms and how much information we are given in the form of marginals for $\alpha$-fractionally-log-concave distributions. Recall that $\alpha$-fractional-log-concavi... |
541,165,882,366 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The concept of equivariant quantization over $\mathbb{R}^{n}$ was introduced by P.~Lecomte and
V.~Ovsienko in~\cite{LO}.
An equivariant quantization is a~linear bijection between a~space of dif\/ferential operators and its
corresponding space of symbols that commutes with the action of a~Lie sub... |
541,165,882,367 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Iris recognition relies on the capture of images of the colored area of the eye that surrounds the pupil. Each iris contains a complex pattern composed of elements such as freckles, crypts, pits, filaments, furrows, striations and rings.
Among the advantages of the use of iris recognition, it i... |
541,165,882,368 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Imitation Learning (IL) uses demonstrations of an expert to uncover the optimal policy.
Due to this, the agent can achieve expert-like behavior in the given environment.
IL is a feasible approach for problems where collecting labeled data is complicated,
however acquiring expert demonstration... |
541,165,882,369 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The recent detections of gravitational waves from merging binary black holes \citep{GW150914} and binary neutron stars \citep{GW170817} by the ground-based advanced LIGO \citep{AdvLIGO} and Virgo \citep{AdvVirgo} gravitational-wave detectors have stimulated interest in the full spectrum of gravi... |
541,165,882,370 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
How does a deep neural model see the world at initialization, and what changes over the course of training? If there are many latent features in the training data --- such as the colors, textures, and shapes of objects in visual datasets --- how does the model separate task-rel... |
541,165,882,371 | arxiv | \section{Introduction\label{intro}}
In Ref.~\cite{ICM}, we stressed the importance of the measurement of
jets in the ALICE experiment at LHC to study the properties of
the nuclear medium predicted to be created in ultra-relativistic
heavy-ion collisions, the Quark-Gluon Plasma
\cite{Accardi:2003gp,Bjorken:1982tu}. ... |
541,165,882,372 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The detection of dilepton pairs has been shown to be a powerful
technique in heavy-ion reactions. In heavy-ion reactions at
higher energies there are several sources of dileptons, (i)
nucleon-nucleon bremsstrahlung, (ii) Dalitz decay of resonances and
mesons, (iii) meson annihilation. The intere... |
541,165,882,373 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In relativistic heavy ion collisions, a significant fraction of incident energy is deposited in the collision region. Due to the existence of the large energy density, a phase of extremely hot and dense matter consisting of quarks and gluons, the Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP) \cite{Arsene2005, Back200... |
541,165,882,374 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sez-1}
In the qualitative theory of elliptic PDEs, problems of the type
$$
\left\{
\begin{array}{ll}
\vspace{0.1cm}
\Delta u + f(x,u) = 0, & \; x \in \Omega,
\\
u(x) \to +\infty, & \; x \to \partial \Omega,
\end{array}
\right.
$$
where $\Omega \subset \mathbb{R}^N$ is a smooth... |
541,165,882,375 | arxiv | \section{INTRODUCTION}
Although exchange interaction between Mn $d$ spins and hole carriers in the valence band likely causes ferromagnetism in Mn-doped magnetic semiconductor (Ga,Mn)As,\cite{Ohno2,Matsukura,Dietl2,Keavney} there are still controversies over the mechanism of the exotic magnetic features. One of the phe... |
541,165,882,376 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Given a linear representation $(V,\rho)$ of a compact group $G$, the \emph{symmetry classes} (or isotropy classes) are defined as the sets of conjugacy classes of the symmetry subgroups of $G$ (see \cite{Bredon1960}, for more details). Finding explicitly the isotropy classes... |
541,165,882,377 | arxiv | \section{Introduction and summary}
The AdS/CFT correspondence \cite{ads1,ads2,ads3} can be used to study certain strongly-coupled gauge theories. In particular, the behavior of open strings can be related to that of particles in the field theory. The original correspondence was between type IIB string theory on AdS$_5... |
541,165,882,378 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
\paragraph*{Goals and contributions}
This paper aims at using a formal model and associated verification techniques in order to prove properties of a self-stabilising distributed algorithm. Although the algorithm considered~\cite{BCHLD09} was shown self-stabilising, the proof w... |
541,165,882,379 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Time-frequency Analysis, also named Gabor Analysis cf. \cite{Daubechies90,book}, has found important applications in Signal Processing and related problems in Numerical Analysis, see for example \cite{cordero-feichtinger-luef,str06} and references therein. More recently, time-frequency\, methods... |
541,165,882,380 | arxiv | \section*{introduction}
The Quantum Ergodicity Theorem
~\cite{ColinDeVerdiere85,Snirelman74,Zelditch87}, is a
celebrated result concerning the behavior of Laplacian
eigenfunctions on compact manifolds with an ergodic geodesic
flow, stating that most eigenfunctions become
equidistributed on the u... |
541,165,882,381 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{s-intro}
We consider two generalizations of a classical class of games in cooperative game theory, namely matching games, which in turn generalize the well-known class of assignment games. One of the two generalizations of matching games is the known class of $b$-matching games. The other ... |
541,165,882,382 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{{section-I}}
\noindent Plasmons are the self-sustained collective modes of electronic charge density oscillations in materials hosting electron liquids~\cite{Pines1952, Pines1962, Pines1966}.
Plasmons act as bridges for efficient light-matter interactions which is essential for harnessing ... |
541,165,882,383 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
{\it Chandra} observations of nearby galaxies, have confirmed the presence
of non-nuclear X-ray point sources
\citep{Kaa01,Mat01,Zez02}, which have luminosities $> 10^{39}$ ergs/s and hence
have been called Ultra luminous X-ray Sources (ULX).
Since
these sources radiate at a rate greater tha... |
541,165,882,384 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\begin{table*}
\centering
\begin{minipage}{115mm}
\caption{The summary of observing runs: $X$ -- the airmass range, $N_{\rmn{exp}}$ -- the number of useful exposures, $T_{\rmn{exp}}$ -- used exposure times, $FWHM$ - the averaged full width at half maximum of a stellar profile. Dates are giv... |
541,165,882,385 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
We consider the problem of re-identification of individuals observed by different ca\-me\-ras at different locations and times. Our work applies to the fairly standard person re-identification \citep{Wang2014,Hirzer2011,Xu2017,Zhang2017,Chen2017,Zhou2017}, and to the rather emerging vehicle re... |
541,165,882,386 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In terms of quark parton model (QPM) interpretation the EMC\cite{as}
result leads to a negligible contribution of the quark spins to the
proton spin. This is in clear contradiction with the explanation given by the
naive quark picture, in which
the proton spin comes from the sum of the quark... |
541,165,882,387 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\setcounter{equation}{0}
\subsection{Motivation}
In \cite{NP}, it was shown that a suitable cubic
regularization of Newton method (CNM) takes at most
$\mathcal{O}(\epsilon^{-1/2})$ iterations to reduce the
functional residual below a given precision $\epsilon>0$,
when the objective is a twice-di... |
541,165,882,388 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Wave functions are key objects of the quantum world, specifying the
structure of composite states in terms of their fundamental constituents.
The conceptual extension of the non-relativistic wavefunctions of
Schr\"odinger theory to relativistic hadron physics are the frame-independent
light-fr... |
541,165,882,389 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{intro}
At $z \approx 0.5$, galaxy clusters contain a population of blue,
distorted galaxies that is missing in local clusters: the so-called
Butcher-Oemler effect \citep{bo78}. In their spectroscopic study of
blue galaxies in three clusters at z$\sim$0.31 \citet{cs87} found that
sixty perc... |
541,165,882,390 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{intro}
As usual, $\sigma(N)$ denotes the sum of divisors of a positive integer $N$.
$N$ is called to be perfect if $\sigma(N)=2N$.
It is a well-known unsolved problem whether or not
an odd perfect number exists. Interest to this problem
has produced many analogous notions and problems... |
541,165,882,391 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
The variables in many scientific experiments are repeatedly recorded over time.
Scholars use these data to study how those variables of interest depend on certain characteristics of the observed subjects, and such data is called longitudinal data.
The characteristic of longitudi... |
541,165,882,392 | arxiv |
\chapter{Appendix A}
\label{app:elliptic}
Elliptic functions are the extensions of the trigonometric functions to work with doubly periodic expressions, i.e. such that
\begin{equation}
f \left( z + 2 n \omega_1 + 2 m \omega_3 \right) = f \left( z + 2 n \omega_1 \right) = f (z) \; ,
\end{equation}
where $\omega_1,... |
541,165,882,393 | arxiv | \section{Introduction\label{Sec:Introduction}}
\thispagestyle{fancy}
In his famous lecture of the 1900 International Congress of Mathematicians,
David Hilbert stated a list of 23 problems. There has been intensive research
on these problems ever since. The second part of Hilbert's 16th problem asks
for the maxim... |
541,165,882,394 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The results of recent solar\cite{Kirsten99}, atmospheric\cite{Shiozawa99},
and accelerator-based\cite{Eitel00} neutrino experiments all suggest that
neutrino oscillations do occur. This leads one to the idea that, as
in the case for quarks, the neutrino flavor eigenstates are coherent
linear supe... |
541,165,882,395 | arxiv | \section*{\large{\textbf{Introduction}}}
This article proposes to study certain aspects of dynamical systems which are associated with \textit{point patterns} of an Euclidean space. The topic of point patterns takes its origins in symbolic dynamic, and concerns also aperiodic tillings. It has however been increasingly... |
541,165,882,396 | arxiv | \section*{APPENDIX}
\vspace*{0.2cm}
}
\section{Data}
\label{apx:Setup_Data}
The data sets used in our experiments are summarized in Table~\ref{tab:data sets}. The MNIST data set~\cite{LeCun98PIEEE} comprises $28\times 28$ monochromatic images of handwritten digits.
Fashion-MNIST~\cite{Xiao17ARXIV} comprises gr... |
541,165,882,397 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
{ Quantum chromodynamics or QCD describing strong interactions is an interacting non-Abelian gauge theory.} Non-abelian gauge theories of high energy physics are based on compact gauge groups. They generally contain a Lie group like $SU(3)$ or $SU(2)$ which modulo their discrete centres are simp... |
541,165,882,398 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{Sec:introduction}
We consider the transmission of two correlated memoryless sources over a multiple access channel with fidelity criteria.
The encoders and/or the decoder may have access to side information correlated with the sources. We propose an achievable joint source-channel codin... |
541,165,882,399 | arxiv | \section{Introduction and Statement of Results}
A \emph{partition} $\Lambda$ of $n\in\mathbb{N}$ is a non-increasing sequence $\Lambda \coloneqq (\lambda_1, \lambda_2, \dots, \lambda_s)$ of non-negative integers $\lambda_j$ such that $\sum_{1\leq j\leq s} \lambda_j = n$.
The \emph{Ferrers--Young diagram} of $\Lambda$... |
541,165,882,400 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Our elders tell stories of the golden age of programming in Smalltalk and LISP machines. These self-contained programming worlds use one language throughout, with all code and data persisted in an \textit{image}\cite{Sandewall78, Goldberg80}. Image-based programming can be much simpler than our ... |
541,165,882,401 | arxiv |
\subsection{Problem Formulation}
In this paper, similar to Zhou et al.~\cite{zhou2021spi}, \textsc{E-SPI}\xspace aims at identifying a commit is a security patch or not. Formally, given a dataset {$D = \{(c,y)|c \in \mathcal{C}, y \in \mathcal{Y}\}$}, where $\mathcal{C}$ is a set of commits, $\mathcal{Y} \in \{0,1\}$ ... |
541,165,882,402 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{section1}
Global climate models can contain significant uncertainties, particularly in their characterization of precipitation extremes. As a result, it is critical to use observationally-based data sets to evaluate a particular climate model to assess if the model is fit for purpose in e... |
541,165,882,403 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Many macroeconomic phenomena occur as the aggregate results of the actions
and interactions of many and unrelated agents. Interactions among agents are
inherently local because they are separated by spatial location, language,
culture, and etc. As an example the occurrence of depression o... |
541,165,882,404 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Atomic systems exhibiting Bose-Einstein condensation are widely studied
both theoretically and experimentally, as can be inferred from the books
\cite{Lieb_1,Letokhov_2,Pethick_3} and review articles
\cite{Courteille_4,Andersen_5,Yukalov_6,Bongs_7,Yukalov_8,Posazhennikova_9,
Proukakis_10... |
541,165,882,405 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The Skyrme model \cite{Skyrme:1961vq} is a (3+1)-dimensional theory that admits soliton solutions, called Skyrmions, which represent baryons. This has been well studied \cite{bible} with solutions calculated for a large range of charges \cite{Battye:2001qn}.
The baby (or planar) Skyrme model \ci... |
541,165,882,406 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
In this article we study the mod $p$-power Milnor $K$-theory of $p$-adic rings by combining classical techniques of Bloch--Kato \cite{Bloch1986} with recent progress in $p$-adic motivic cohomology, notably the syntomic cohomology introduced by Bhatt, Scholze, and the second author \cite{BhattMorr... |
541,165,882,407 | arxiv | \section{Introduction\label{sec:intro}}
Line charts are commonly employed during data exploration---the intuitive connected patterns often illustrate complex underlying processes and yield interpretable and visually compelling data-driven narratives~\cite{Few2012}. However, discovering line charts that display c... |
541,165,882,408 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
The standard model of accretion onto a black hole (BH) postulates the presence of a geometrically thin and optically thick disk \citep{SS73,NT73}. The disk is close to thermodynamic equilibrium and its emission can be approximated by a sum of local blackbodies with a color correcti... |
541,165,882,409 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\subsection{Direct product theorems}
One of the fundamental questions that can be asked in any model of computation is how well computing several instances of the
same problem can be composed. Are significant savings possible when computing the same function $f$ on $k$ independent inputs?
... |
541,165,882,410 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\paragraph{The lubrication approximation and the thin film equation.}
The thin film equation describes the spreading of small liquid droplets on a solid (planar) surface
in the context of the lubrication approximation.
This approximation is valid for thin droplets (the vertical dimension is m... |
541,165,882,411 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec_intro}
\input{intro}
\section{Preliminaries}
\label{sec_prel}
\input{defs}
\paragraph*{Max-Automata}
\label{subsec_automata}
\input{automata}
\paragraph*{Delay Games}
\label{subsec_games}
\input{delaygames}
\section{Bounded Lookahead is not Always Sufficient}
\label{sec_... |
541,165,882,412 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
A working definition for an unconventional superconductor is one whose gap function averaged over the Fermi surface is less than the maximum value of the absolute value of the gap at any point on the Fermi surface. This allows for gaps which do not exhibit isotropic $s$-wave pairing. In particul... |
541,165,882,413 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The classification of distortions in functional materials is an important part of the process of understanding the structure-property relationship. Perovskites (ABX$_3$) are among the most studied systems, which is in part due to the many functional properties that they exhibit, but also due ... |
541,165,882,414 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
There has been a recent surge of interest in precisely characterizing conformal field theories with a weakly coupled Einstein gravity dual, with equations now accompanying folkore from the past. The most quantitative work has focused on conformal field theories in two dimension
, though there ha... |
541,165,882,415 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Since the discovery of significant numbers of galaxies in distant ($z\sim 0.2$--0.5)
clusters with a spiral morphology but with no apparent on-going star formation
based on the absence of any emission lines in their optical spectra
(e.g., Couch et al. 1994, 1998; Dressler et al. 1999; Poggia... |
541,165,882,416 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Entangled paired photons or biphotons provide an unprecedented tools for research in fundamental physics such as quantum information processing \cite{QIP} and tests of fundamentals of quantum mechanics \cite{bell}. Biphotons produced from either spontaneous parametric down conversion (SPDC) \cite... |
541,165,882,417 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Topological phases of matter are promising systems to realize
fault-tolerant quantum computation due to the long-range
entanglement of the quantum many-body state.~\cite{xgwen-book}
Emergent quasiparticles in two-dimensional (2D)
topological phases
obeying fractional statistics are a potential ... |
541,165,882,418 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Despite its long history, several aspects of friction remain ill understood even today. This can be partly attributed to the fact that mechanisms contributing to friction are scale dependent and those operating at lower scales contribute to friction at higher scales. The situation is further com... |
541,165,882,419 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sect:1}
Let $\A$ be an additive category with weak-kernels.
Then the functor category $\mod\A$, the category of finitely presented contravariant functors from $\A$ to the category of abelian groups, is abelian.
The notion of \textit{singularity category of $\A$} is defined to be the Verd... |
541,165,882,420 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Several evolutionary routes of binary massive stars lead to the spiralling-in of a neutron star (NS) inside the envelope of a core collapse supernova (CCSN) progenitor. The discussion to follow holds in most parts also to a black hole spiralling-in inside a massive stellar enve... |
541,165,882,421 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
General relativity is an example of totally constrained system. Upon quantization, the order in which the constraints are imposed implies a choice of representation for the quantum theory. Changing such order then provides different representations of the same quantum theory. Indeed, each constr... |
541,165,882,422 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{SecI}
The growth of fluctuating interfaces in disordered media has been a subject of much interest in last few years\cite{AL04,AN04}. The study of the interface kinetic roughening is a fundamental problem in non-equilibrium statistical physics and has important applications in technologic... |
541,165,882,423 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Recently \cite{lake}, a detailed study of the McVittie solution \cite{mcvittie} was carried out for a non-negative cosmological constant ($\Lambda \geq 0$). The McVittie solution has been known for many years, but it continues to attract interest \cite{newmcvittie}. Even though it is now widely ... |
541,165,882,424 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:Intro}
The research on thermoelectric properties of materials
started more than two centuries ago and it has a long history.
The celebrated Wiedemann-Franz (WF) law
which dictates the linear relation between charge and heat transport
traces back to the experimental discovery in 1853 ... |
541,165,882,425 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The discovery of high-temperature superconductors led to predictions
of an unusually large critical regime\cite{Lobb} as well as new
theories describing the superconducting phase transition in field and in zero
field.\cite{FFH} These predictions led to a large number of
measurements of th... |
541,165,882,426 | arxiv |
\section{Introduction}
\setcounter{table}{0}
The companion paper to this one may be found at http://arxiv.org/abs/q-bio.NC/0505011.
In that work
we described a neural network which developed oriented edge detectors and a feature map very closely resembling those found in the primate visual system. We postulated... |
541,165,882,427 | arxiv | \section{Classification Models}
\label{classifiers}
Some state-of-the-art techniques use complex models to achieve best results. Often the level of complexity of models rises a lot just to achieve small increase in performance. In our suite of systems, we want to have models that are small in size and easy to deploy wh... |
541,165,882,428 | arxiv |
\chapter*{\nomname}}
\begin{document}
\title{On Solving Floating Point SSSP Using an Integer Priority Queue}
\titlerunning{On Solving Floating Point SSSP Using an Integer Priority Queue}
\author{Michael Otte}
\authorrunning{Michael Otte}
\tocauthor{Michael Otte}
\institute{Work done at University of Colorado at ... |
541,165,882,429 | arxiv | \subsection{Dataset}
We use two 3D point cloud datasets to validate the proposed active learning framework.
\textbf{ShapeNet} \cite{yi2016scalable} consists of 16881 CAD shape models (12137, 1870 and 2874 for training, validating and testing respectively) from 16 categories with 50 part categories. For each shape model... |
541,165,882,430 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:Introduction}
By a \emph{lattice}, we mean an integral positive-definite lattice.
Let $L$ be an even unimodular lattice with the bilinear form $\intfL{\, ,\,}\colon L\times L\to \mathord{\mathbb Z}$.
We put
\[
\min(L):=\min \set{\intfL{x, x}}{x\in L,\; x\ne 0}.
\]
It is well-known that... |
541,165,882,431 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}\label{sec:Introduction}
A {\em group divisible design}, $K$-GDD, of type $g_1^{u_1} \dots g_r^{u_r}$ is an ordered triple ($V,\mathcal{G},\mathcal{B}$) such that:
\begin{adfenumerate}
\item[(i)]{$V$
is a base set of cardinality $u_1 g_1 + \dots + u_r g_r$;}
\item[(ii)]{$\mathcal{G}$
is a ... |
541,165,882,432 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Lev Landau published an article on ionization losses distribution \cite{landau44} more than 75 years ago. The article is one of the most (if not the most) cited paper in the physics of charged particles interaction with media, because it conformed with the two criteria of an outstanding theore... |
541,165,882,433 | arxiv | \section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro}
If the dark matter-nucleon scattering matrix element is spin-dependent, then one of the leading
detection strategies is to search for the neutrinos that arise from the annihilation
of dark matter that has collected in the Sun~\cite{Silk:1985ax, Press:1985ug, Krauss:1985ks}. So... |
541,165,882,434 | arxiv | \section*{Introduction}
Tallon and collaborators (\cite{tallon,bernhard} report the
remarkable observation of superconductivity arising up to at
least T$_s$ = 35 K in RuSr$_2$GdCu$_2$O$_{8-\delta}$ (Ru1212),
a compound reported originally by Bauerfeind {\it et al.},\cite{bauern}
in spite of
its having become ferromagne... |
541,165,882,435 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Building machines that are able to recognize speech represents a fundamental step towards flexible and natural human-machine interfaces. A primary role for improving such a technology is played by deep learning \cite{Goodfellow-et-al-2016-Book}, which has recently contributed to significantly out... |
541,165,882,436 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Quantum field theory in curved spacetime is by now a well-understood subject.
However, there remain a number of intriguing puzzles which hint at deeper
conceptual implications for quantum gravity itself. The best known is of course
Hawking radiation and the issue of entropy and holography in qu... |
541,165,882,437 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe) are considered to be potential Galactic sources of radiation from radio to very high energy gamma-rays. The non-thermal emission from a pulsar wind nebula (PWN) is believed to result from synchrotron and inverse Compton radiation of the high energy particles (leptons) ... |
541,165,882,438 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Although the standard single-degenerate (SD) Chandrasekhar-mass
scenario (see \citealt{Hillebrandt2000a} for a review) is capable
of explaining most of the observed diversity of Type Ia supernovae
(SNe~Ia) \citep{Hoeflich1996b,Kasen2009a} via the delayed-detonation
\citep{Khokhlov1991a}... |
541,165,882,439 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Let $n\geqslant 2$ and $(M,g)$ be a complete Riemannian manifold of dimension $n$. Let $\Omega\subset M$ be a bounded domain with smooth boundary $\Gamma$.
We denote by $\Delta$ and $\Delta_\Gamma$ the Laplace-Beltrami operators acting on functions on $\Omega$ and $\Gamma$ respectively. Given... |
541,165,882,440 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Since the discovery twenty eight years ago of superconductivity in the organic compounds of the $(TMTSF)_2X$, family ( X= $PF_6$, $ClO_4$, ) \cite{mazaud,ishiguro}, these compounds have been intensively studied both theoretically and experimentally. Many original phenomena has been discovered an... |
541,165,882,441 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:introduction}
Osteoarthritis (OA) \cite{OA} is a common form of joint disorder, with knee OA being a leading cause of disability among older adults. Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) typically manifests itself as the loss of articular cartilage from the medial and/or lateral femoral condyles a... |
541,165,882,442 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
It is well-known that the Lagrangian formulation of time-independent Mechanics may be developed using the geometry of the tangent bundle $TQ$ of the configuration space $Q$ and the Hamiltonian formulation may be given using the canonical symplectic structure $\Omega$ of the cotangent bundle $T^*Q... |
541,165,882,443 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\rev{
Consider the quadratic optimization problem with indicator variables
\[
\text{(QOI)} \ \ \ \min \bigg \{ a'x + b'y + y'Ay \ : \ (x,y) \in C, \ 0 \le y \le x, \ x \in \{0,1\}^N \bigg \},
\]
where $N=\{1,\ldots,n\}$, $a$ and $b$ are $n$-vectors, $A$ is an $n \times n$ symmetric matrix and $C... |
541,165,882,444 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Recently, the study of non-classical correlations between individual subsystems has gained importance in several research areas.
Maybe the most notable form of non-classical correlation is entanglement~\cite{hor09,ami08}.
The significance of these can be approached from several viewpoints.
On ... |
541,165,882,445 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\subsection{Setting}
We are interested in the \textit{Logarithmic Non-Linear Schrödinger Equation}
\begin{equation}
i \, \partial_t u + \frac{1}{2} \Delta u + \lambda u \ln{\@ifstar{\oldabs}{\oldabs*}{u}^2} = 0
\label{foc_log_nls}
\end{equation}
with $x \in \mathbb{R}^d$, $d \geq 1$, $\... |
541,165,882,446 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
Recommender systems help users to easily find their favorite items from massive candidates. Typically, recommender models, such as collaborative filtering~\cite{koren2009matrix} and DeepFM~\cite{10.5555/3172077.3172127}, exploit users’ historical behaviors to learn users’ preference for future re... |
541,165,882,447 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
There is strong and widely accepted evidence for relativistic bulk
speeds on parsec scales in radio galaxies and quasars. In the most
extreme objects the observed superluminal motions, the rapid
variability and consequent high brightness temperatures, and the
absence of very strong... |
541,165,882,448 | arxiv | \subsubsection{Graph Decomposition using Sparse Cuts}
In this section we prove the following lemma.
\begin{lemma}
\label{lem:deco_wrt_high-deg_nodes}
There is an efficient algorithm, that, given a graph $G$ with $|E(G)|=\tilde{O}(\mathsf{cr})$ and a parameter $\alpha=o(\mathsf{cr})$, computes a subset $\hat{E}\subseteq... |
541,165,882,449 | arxiv | \section{Summary of the method and the results obtained}
\subsection{Description of the duality}
We start with the Euclidean theory $|\phi|^{n}$ for $n>2$ with the
action in arbitrary dimension $d$:
\begin{equation}
S[\phi]=\int_{V}d^{d}x\left(\frac{1}{2}(\nabla\phi)^{2}+\frac{m^{2}}{2}\phi^{2}+\frac{g^{n}}{n}|\phi|^... |
541,165,882,450 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}\label{sec:intro}
Deep learning is currently witnessing a major success in different computer vision tasks including image and video classification \cite{jiu2016deep}. The purpose of deep learning is to train convolutional or recurrent neural networks that map raw data into suit... |
541,165,882,451 | arxiv |
\section*{Acknowledgements}
The authors thank Sam Zhang, Tzu-Chi Yen, Hunter Wapman, and Allison Morgan for helpful discussions. All authors acknowledge support from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research Award FA9550-19-1-0329.
\subsection*{Appendix A: Summary of the Empirical Hiring Networks}
\label{subsec:summ... |
541,165,882,452 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
The structural dynamics of solids triggered by intense light pulses
\cite{kampfrath_resonant_2013} can act as a precursor for driving materials
across phase transitions \cite{torre21} or into metastable states inaccessible
in equilibrium conditions \cite{nova_metastable_2019}. Besides the fundam... |
541,165,882,453 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:5.1}
The assessment of market risk is a key challenge that financial market participants face on a daily basis.
To evaluate the risk, financial institutions primarily employ the risk measure Value-at-Risk (VaR) to meet the capital requirements enforced by the Basel Committee on Bankin... |
541,165,882,454 | arxiv | \section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}
Time variations in the motion of liquid metal in Earth's outer core produce fluctuations in the geomagnetic field. A striking example of this process is the occurrence of a sharp change in the field acceleration known as a geomagnetic jerk \cite[]{courtillot1984geomagnetic,bro... |
541,165,882,455 | arxiv | \section*{References}
|
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