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541,165,882,356
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The molecular ion ${}^{36}\textrm{ArH}^+$ (argonium) was identified through its rotational transitions in the sub-millimeter wavelengths toward the Crab Nebula using SPIRE onboard the \textit{Herschel Space Observatory}~\citep{BarSwiOwe13}, with earlier and later observations revealing ${}^{3...
541,165,882,357
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Fluid models have been used to describe plasma behaviour in a magnetic field since Braginskii derived the plasma fluid equations and calculated the transport coefficients in 1965 \cite{Braginskii1965}. Many other fluid systems have been derived based on these original equations using various sim...
541,165,882,358
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Complex networks provide a common framework to study different complex systems \cite{barabasi2016network}. Representing agents as nodes and interactions as links is a general enough description to fit many real systems, such as protein-protein interaction networks, social networks, transportatio...
541,165,882,359
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The theoretical prediction\cite{Kane2005,KaneMele2005b,bernevig2006} and experimental realization\cite{konig2007} of two-dimensional topological insulators marked the beginning of immense research activities in view of their functionalities in spintronics\cite{Nadj-Perge602,Roth294,Trauzettel2013...
541,165,882,360
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \subsection{Data description and statistical challenges} This work is motivated by a neuroscience study conducted by co-author, Ron D.~Frostig, where the goal is to investigate the impact of an extreme shock (such as a stroke) on the functional organization of the rat brain. In the experiment de...
541,165,882,361
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Graphene and related systems continue to be laboratories for new ideas and sources of remarkable new effects. With its low energy physics determined by two small pockets of the Brillouin zone, it led scientists to realize that a new effective observable, the valley, emerges in many physical situ...
541,165,882,362
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} The origin of large-scale magnetic fields in astrophysical bodies such as stars and galaxies remains an outstanding problem, given that those fields are coherent on the scale of the systems themselves. Indeed, the observed scale is often larger than the scale of the turbulent moti...
541,165,882,363
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:Introduction} Divided differences can be viewed as a discrete analogue of derivatives and are commonly used in approximation theory, see \cite{Boor} for a survey. Recently, the second author and Lyche established two univariate chain rules for divided differences \cite{DividedDiffChain...
541,165,882,364
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Quarkonium and quarkonium-like states play an important role in understanding Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD), which is the generally accepted theory for strong interactions between quarks and gluons. However, there are no first-principles methods to derive the spectrum and properties of hadrons ...
541,165,882,365
arxiv
\section{Conclusion} A natural direction to extend our research is to better understand the trade-offs between the run-time of approximate sampling algorithms and how much information we are given in the form of marginals for $\alpha$-fractionally-log-concave distributions. Recall that $\alpha$-fractional-log-concavi...
541,165,882,366
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The concept of equivariant quantization over $\mathbb{R}^{n}$ was introduced by P.~Lecomte and V.~Ovsienko in~\cite{LO}. An equivariant quantization is a~linear bijection between a~space of dif\/ferential operators and its corresponding space of symbols that commutes with the action of a~Lie sub...
541,165,882,367
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Iris recognition relies on the capture of images of the colored area of the eye that surrounds the pupil. Each iris contains a complex pattern composed of elements such as freckles, crypts, pits, filaments, furrows, striations and rings. Among the advantages of the use of iris recognition, it i...
541,165,882,368
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Imitation Learning (IL) uses demonstrations of an expert to uncover the optimal policy. Due to this, the agent can achieve expert-like behavior in the given environment. IL is a feasible approach for problems where collecting labeled data is complicated, however acquiring expert demonstration...
541,165,882,369
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The recent detections of gravitational waves from merging binary black holes \citep{GW150914} and binary neutron stars \citep{GW170817} by the ground-based advanced LIGO \citep{AdvLIGO} and Virgo \citep{AdvVirgo} gravitational-wave detectors have stimulated interest in the full spectrum of gravi...
541,165,882,370
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} How does a deep neural model see the world at initialization, and what changes over the course of training? If there are many latent features in the training data --- such as the colors, textures, and shapes of objects in visual datasets --- how does the model separate task-rel...
541,165,882,371
arxiv
\section{Introduction\label{intro}} In Ref.~\cite{ICM}, we stressed the importance of the measurement of jets in the ALICE experiment at LHC to study the properties of the nuclear medium predicted to be created in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions, the Quark-Gluon Plasma \cite{Accardi:2003gp,Bjorken:1982tu}. ...
541,165,882,372
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The detection of dilepton pairs has been shown to be a powerful technique in heavy-ion reactions. In heavy-ion reactions at higher energies there are several sources of dileptons, (i) nucleon-nucleon bremsstrahlung, (ii) Dalitz decay of resonances and mesons, (iii) meson annihilation. The intere...
541,165,882,373
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In relativistic heavy ion collisions, a significant fraction of incident energy is deposited in the collision region. Due to the existence of the large energy density, a phase of extremely hot and dense matter consisting of quarks and gluons, the Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP) \cite{Arsene2005, Back200...
541,165,882,374
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sez-1} In the qualitative theory of elliptic PDEs, problems of the type $$ \left\{ \begin{array}{ll} \vspace{0.1cm} \Delta u + f(x,u) = 0, & \; x \in \Omega, \\ u(x) \to +\infty, & \; x \to \partial \Omega, \end{array} \right. $$ where $\Omega \subset \mathbb{R}^N$ is a smooth...
541,165,882,375
arxiv
\section{INTRODUCTION} Although exchange interaction between Mn $d$ spins and hole carriers in the valence band likely causes ferromagnetism in Mn-doped magnetic semiconductor (Ga,Mn)As,\cite{Ohno2,Matsukura,Dietl2,Keavney} there are still controversies over the mechanism of the exotic magnetic features. One of the phe...
541,165,882,376
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Given a linear representation $(V,\rho)$ of a compact group $G$, the \emph{symmetry classes} (or isotropy classes) are defined as the sets of conjugacy classes of the symmetry subgroups of $G$ (see \cite{Bredon1960}, for more details). Finding explicitly the isotropy classes...
541,165,882,377
arxiv
\section{Introduction and summary} The AdS/CFT correspondence \cite{ads1,ads2,ads3} can be used to study certain strongly-coupled gauge theories. In particular, the behavior of open strings can be related to that of particles in the field theory. The original correspondence was between type IIB string theory on AdS$_5...
541,165,882,378
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} \paragraph*{Goals and contributions} This paper aims at using a formal model and associated verification techniques in order to prove properties of a self-stabilising distributed algorithm. Although the algorithm considered~\cite{BCHLD09} was shown self-stabilising, the proof w...
541,165,882,379
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Time-frequency Analysis, also named Gabor Analysis cf. \cite{Daubechies90,book}, has found important applications in Signal Processing and related problems in Numerical Analysis, see for example \cite{cordero-feichtinger-luef,str06} and references therein. More recently, time-frequency\, methods...
541,165,882,380
arxiv
\section*{introduction} The Quantum Ergodicity Theorem ~\cite{ColinDeVerdiere85,Snirelman74,Zelditch87}, is a celebrated result concerning the behavior of Laplacian eigenfunctions on compact manifolds with an ergodic geodesic flow, stating that most eigenfunctions become equidistributed on the u...
541,165,882,381
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{s-intro} We consider two generalizations of a classical class of games in cooperative game theory, namely matching games, which in turn generalize the well-known class of assignment games. One of the two generalizations of matching games is the known class of $b$-matching games. The other ...
541,165,882,382
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{{section-I}} \noindent Plasmons are the self-sustained collective modes of electronic charge density oscillations in materials hosting electron liquids~\cite{Pines1952, Pines1962, Pines1966}. Plasmons act as bridges for efficient light-matter interactions which is essential for harnessing ...
541,165,882,383
arxiv
\section{Introduction} {\it Chandra} observations of nearby galaxies, have confirmed the presence of non-nuclear X-ray point sources \citep{Kaa01,Mat01,Zez02}, which have luminosities $> 10^{39}$ ergs/s and hence have been called Ultra luminous X-ray Sources (ULX). Since these sources radiate at a rate greater tha...
541,165,882,384
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \begin{table*} \centering \begin{minipage}{115mm} \caption{The summary of observing runs: $X$ -- the airmass range, $N_{\rmn{exp}}$ -- the number of useful exposures, $T_{\rmn{exp}}$ -- used exposure times, $FWHM$ - the averaged full width at half maximum of a stellar profile. Dates are giv...
541,165,882,385
arxiv
\section{Introduction} We consider the problem of re-identification of individuals observed by different ca\-me\-ras at different locations and times. Our work applies to the fairly standard person re-identification \citep{Wang2014,Hirzer2011,Xu2017,Zhang2017,Chen2017,Zhou2017}, and to the rather emerging vehicle re...
541,165,882,386
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In terms of quark parton model (QPM) interpretation the EMC\cite{as} result leads to a negligible contribution of the quark spins to the proton spin. This is in clear contradiction with the explanation given by the naive quark picture, in which the proton spin comes from the sum of the quark...
541,165,882,387
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \setcounter{equation}{0} \subsection{Motivation} In \cite{NP}, it was shown that a suitable cubic regularization of Newton method (CNM) takes at most $\mathcal{O}(\epsilon^{-1/2})$ iterations to reduce the functional residual below a given precision $\epsilon>0$, when the objective is a twice-di...
541,165,882,388
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Wave functions are key objects of the quantum world, specifying the structure of composite states in terms of their fundamental constituents. The conceptual extension of the non-relativistic wavefunctions of Schr\"odinger theory to relativistic hadron physics are the frame-independent light-fr...
541,165,882,389
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{intro} At $z \approx 0.5$, galaxy clusters contain a population of blue, distorted galaxies that is missing in local clusters: the so-called Butcher-Oemler effect \citep{bo78}. In their spectroscopic study of blue galaxies in three clusters at z$\sim$0.31 \citet{cs87} found that sixty perc...
541,165,882,390
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{intro} As usual, $\sigma(N)$ denotes the sum of divisors of a positive integer $N$. $N$ is called to be perfect if $\sigma(N)=2N$. It is a well-known unsolved problem whether or not an odd perfect number exists. Interest to this problem has produced many analogous notions and problems...
541,165,882,391
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} The variables in many scientific experiments are repeatedly recorded over time. Scholars use these data to study how those variables of interest depend on certain characteristics of the observed subjects, and such data is called longitudinal data. The characteristic of longitudi...
541,165,882,392
arxiv
\chapter{Appendix A} \label{app:elliptic} Elliptic functions are the extensions of the trigonometric functions to work with doubly periodic expressions, i.e. such that \begin{equation} f \left( z + 2 n \omega_1 + 2 m \omega_3 \right) = f \left( z + 2 n \omega_1 \right) = f (z) \; , \end{equation} where $\omega_1,...
541,165,882,393
arxiv
\section{Introduction\label{Sec:Introduction}} \thispagestyle{fancy} In his famous lecture of the 1900 International Congress of Mathematicians, David Hilbert stated a list of 23 problems. There has been intensive research on these problems ever since. The second part of Hilbert's 16th problem asks for the maxim...
541,165,882,394
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The results of recent solar\cite{Kirsten99}, atmospheric\cite{Shiozawa99}, and accelerator-based\cite{Eitel00} neutrino experiments all suggest that neutrino oscillations do occur. This leads one to the idea that, as in the case for quarks, the neutrino flavor eigenstates are coherent linear supe...
541,165,882,395
arxiv
\section*{\large{\textbf{Introduction}}} This article proposes to study certain aspects of dynamical systems which are associated with \textit{point patterns} of an Euclidean space. The topic of point patterns takes its origins in symbolic dynamic, and concerns also aperiodic tillings. It has however been increasingly...
541,165,882,396
arxiv
\section*{APPENDIX} \vspace*{0.2cm} } \section{Data} \label{apx:Setup_Data} The data sets used in our experiments are summarized in Table~\ref{tab:data sets}. The MNIST data set~\cite{LeCun98PIEEE} comprises $28\times 28$ monochromatic images of handwritten digits. Fashion-MNIST~\cite{Xiao17ARXIV} comprises gr...
541,165,882,397
arxiv
\section{Introduction} { Quantum chromodynamics or QCD describing strong interactions is an interacting non-Abelian gauge theory.} Non-abelian gauge theories of high energy physics are based on compact gauge groups. They generally contain a Lie group like $SU(3)$ or $SU(2)$ which modulo their discrete centres are simp...
541,165,882,398
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{Sec:introduction} We consider the transmission of two correlated memoryless sources over a multiple access channel with fidelity criteria. The encoders and/or the decoder may have access to side information correlated with the sources. We propose an achievable joint source-channel codin...
541,165,882,399
arxiv
\section{Introduction and Statement of Results} A \emph{partition} $\Lambda$ of $n\in\mathbb{N}$ is a non-increasing sequence $\Lambda \coloneqq (\lambda_1, \lambda_2, \dots, \lambda_s)$ of non-negative integers $\lambda_j$ such that $\sum_{1\leq j\leq s} \lambda_j = n$. The \emph{Ferrers--Young diagram} of $\Lambda$...
541,165,882,400
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Our elders tell stories of the golden age of programming in Smalltalk and LISP machines. These self-contained programming worlds use one language throughout, with all code and data persisted in an \textit{image}\cite{Sandewall78, Goldberg80}. Image-based programming can be much simpler than our ...
541,165,882,401
arxiv
\subsection{Problem Formulation} In this paper, similar to Zhou et al.~\cite{zhou2021spi}, \textsc{E-SPI}\xspace aims at identifying a commit is a security patch or not. Formally, given a dataset {$D = \{(c,y)|c \in \mathcal{C}, y \in \mathcal{Y}\}$}, where $\mathcal{C}$ is a set of commits, $\mathcal{Y} \in \{0,1\}$ ...
541,165,882,402
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{section1} Global climate models can contain significant uncertainties, particularly in their characterization of precipitation extremes. As a result, it is critical to use observationally-based data sets to evaluate a particular climate model to assess if the model is fit for purpose in e...
541,165,882,403
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Many macroeconomic phenomena occur as the aggregate results of the actions and interactions of many and unrelated agents. Interactions among agents are inherently local because they are separated by spatial location, language, culture, and etc. As an example the occurrence of depression o...
541,165,882,404
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Atomic systems exhibiting Bose-Einstein condensation are widely studied both theoretically and experimentally, as can be inferred from the books \cite{Lieb_1,Letokhov_2,Pethick_3} and review articles \cite{Courteille_4,Andersen_5,Yukalov_6,Bongs_7,Yukalov_8,Posazhennikova_9, Proukakis_10...
541,165,882,405
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The Skyrme model \cite{Skyrme:1961vq} is a (3+1)-dimensional theory that admits soliton solutions, called Skyrmions, which represent baryons. This has been well studied \cite{bible} with solutions calculated for a large range of charges \cite{Battye:2001qn}. The baby (or planar) Skyrme model \ci...
541,165,882,406
arxiv
\section{Introduction} In this article we study the mod $p$-power Milnor $K$-theory of $p$-adic rings by combining classical techniques of Bloch--Kato \cite{Bloch1986} with recent progress in $p$-adic motivic cohomology, notably the syntomic cohomology introduced by Bhatt, Scholze, and the second author \cite{BhattMorr...
541,165,882,407
arxiv
\section{Introduction\label{sec:intro}} Line charts are commonly employed during data exploration---the intuitive connected patterns often illustrate complex underlying processes and yield interpretable and visually compelling data-driven narratives~\cite{Few2012}. However, discovering line charts that display c...
541,165,882,408
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} The standard model of accretion onto a black hole (BH) postulates the presence of a geometrically thin and optically thick disk \citep{SS73,NT73}. The disk is close to thermodynamic equilibrium and its emission can be approximated by a sum of local blackbodies with a color correcti...
541,165,882,409
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \subsection{Direct product theorems} One of the fundamental questions that can be asked in any model of computation is how well computing several instances of the same problem can be composed. Are significant savings possible when computing the same function $f$ on $k$ independent inputs? ...
541,165,882,410
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \paragraph{The lubrication approximation and the thin film equation.} The thin film equation describes the spreading of small liquid droplets on a solid (planar) surface in the context of the lubrication approximation. This approximation is valid for thin droplets (the vertical dimension is m...
541,165,882,411
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec_intro} \input{intro} \section{Preliminaries} \label{sec_prel} \input{defs} \paragraph*{Max-Automata} \label{subsec_automata} \input{automata} \paragraph*{Delay Games} \label{subsec_games} \input{delaygames} \section{Bounded Lookahead is not Always Sufficient} \label{sec_...
541,165,882,412
arxiv
\section{Introduction} A working definition for an unconventional superconductor is one whose gap function averaged over the Fermi surface is less than the maximum value of the absolute value of the gap at any point on the Fermi surface. This allows for gaps which do not exhibit isotropic $s$-wave pairing. In particul...
541,165,882,413
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The classification of distortions in functional materials is an important part of the process of understanding the structure-property relationship. Perovskites (ABX$_3$) are among the most studied systems, which is in part due to the many functional properties that they exhibit, but also due ...
541,165,882,414
arxiv
\section{Introduction} There has been a recent surge of interest in precisely characterizing conformal field theories with a weakly coupled Einstein gravity dual, with equations now accompanying folkore from the past. The most quantitative work has focused on conformal field theories in two dimension , though there ha...
541,165,882,415
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Since the discovery of significant numbers of galaxies in distant ($z\sim 0.2$--0.5) clusters with a spiral morphology but with no apparent on-going star formation based on the absence of any emission lines in their optical spectra (e.g., Couch et al. 1994, 1998; Dressler et al. 1999; Poggia...
541,165,882,416
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Entangled paired photons or biphotons provide an unprecedented tools for research in fundamental physics such as quantum information processing \cite{QIP} and tests of fundamentals of quantum mechanics \cite{bell}. Biphotons produced from either spontaneous parametric down conversion (SPDC) \cite...
541,165,882,417
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Topological phases of matter are promising systems to realize fault-tolerant quantum computation due to the long-range entanglement of the quantum many-body state.~\cite{xgwen-book} Emergent quasiparticles in two-dimensional (2D) topological phases obeying fractional statistics are a potential ...
541,165,882,418
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Despite its long history, several aspects of friction remain ill understood even today. This can be partly attributed to the fact that mechanisms contributing to friction are scale dependent and those operating at lower scales contribute to friction at higher scales. The situation is further com...
541,165,882,419
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sect:1} Let $\A$ be an additive category with weak-kernels. Then the functor category $\mod\A$, the category of finitely presented contravariant functors from $\A$ to the category of abelian groups, is abelian. The notion of \textit{singularity category of $\A$} is defined to be the Verd...
541,165,882,420
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Several evolutionary routes of binary massive stars lead to the spiralling-in of a neutron star (NS) inside the envelope of a core collapse supernova (CCSN) progenitor. The discussion to follow holds in most parts also to a black hole spiralling-in inside a massive stellar enve...
541,165,882,421
arxiv
\section{Introduction} General relativity is an example of totally constrained system. Upon quantization, the order in which the constraints are imposed implies a choice of representation for the quantum theory. Changing such order then provides different representations of the same quantum theory. Indeed, each constr...
541,165,882,422
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{SecI} The growth of fluctuating interfaces in disordered media has been a subject of much interest in last few years\cite{AL04,AN04}. The study of the interface kinetic roughening is a fundamental problem in non-equilibrium statistical physics and has important applications in technologic...
541,165,882,423
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Recently \cite{lake}, a detailed study of the McVittie solution \cite{mcvittie} was carried out for a non-negative cosmological constant ($\Lambda \geq 0$). The McVittie solution has been known for many years, but it continues to attract interest \cite{newmcvittie}. Even though it is now widely ...
541,165,882,424
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:Intro} The research on thermoelectric properties of materials started more than two centuries ago and it has a long history. The celebrated Wiedemann-Franz (WF) law which dictates the linear relation between charge and heat transport traces back to the experimental discovery in 1853 ...
541,165,882,425
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The discovery of high-temperature superconductors led to predictions of an unusually large critical regime\cite{Lobb} as well as new theories describing the superconducting phase transition in field and in zero field.\cite{FFH} These predictions led to a large number of measurements of th...
541,165,882,426
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \setcounter{table}{0} The companion paper to this one may be found at http://arxiv.org/abs/q-bio.NC/0505011. In that work we described a neural network which developed oriented edge detectors and a feature map very closely resembling those found in the primate visual system. We postulated...
541,165,882,427
arxiv
\section{Classification Models} \label{classifiers} Some state-of-the-art techniques use complex models to achieve best results. Often the level of complexity of models rises a lot just to achieve small increase in performance. In our suite of systems, we want to have models that are small in size and easy to deploy wh...
541,165,882,428
arxiv
\chapter*{\nomname}} \begin{document} \title{On Solving Floating Point SSSP Using an Integer Priority Queue} \titlerunning{On Solving Floating Point SSSP Using an Integer Priority Queue} \author{Michael Otte} \authorrunning{Michael Otte} \tocauthor{Michael Otte} \institute{Work done at University of Colorado at ...
541,165,882,429
arxiv
\subsection{Dataset} We use two 3D point cloud datasets to validate the proposed active learning framework. \textbf{ShapeNet} \cite{yi2016scalable} consists of 16881 CAD shape models (12137, 1870 and 2874 for training, validating and testing respectively) from 16 categories with 50 part categories. For each shape model...
541,165,882,430
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:Introduction} By a \emph{lattice}, we mean an integral positive-definite lattice. Let $L$ be an even unimodular lattice with the bilinear form $\intfL{\, ,\,}\colon L\times L\to \mathord{\mathbb Z}$. We put \[ \min(L):=\min \set{\intfL{x, x}}{x\in L,\; x\ne 0}. \] It is well-known that...
541,165,882,431
arxiv
\section{Introduction}\label{sec:Introduction} A {\em group divisible design}, $K$-GDD, of type $g_1^{u_1} \dots g_r^{u_r}$ is an ordered triple ($V,\mathcal{G},\mathcal{B}$) such that: \begin{adfenumerate} \item[(i)]{$V$ is a base set of cardinality $u_1 g_1 + \dots + u_r g_r$;} \item[(ii)]{$\mathcal{G}$ is a ...
541,165,882,432
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Lev Landau published an article on ionization losses distribution \cite{landau44} more than 75 years ago. The article is one of the most (if not the most) cited paper in the physics of charged particles interaction with media, because it conformed with the two criteria of an outstanding theore...
541,165,882,433
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} If the dark matter-nucleon scattering matrix element is spin-dependent, then one of the leading detection strategies is to search for the neutrinos that arise from the annihilation of dark matter that has collected in the Sun~\cite{Silk:1985ax, Press:1985ug, Krauss:1985ks}. So...
541,165,882,434
arxiv
\section*{Introduction} Tallon and collaborators (\cite{tallon,bernhard} report the remarkable observation of superconductivity arising up to at least T$_s$ = 35 K in RuSr$_2$GdCu$_2$O$_{8-\delta}$ (Ru1212), a compound reported originally by Bauerfeind {\it et al.},\cite{bauern} in spite of its having become ferromagne...
541,165,882,435
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Building machines that are able to recognize speech represents a fundamental step towards flexible and natural human-machine interfaces. A primary role for improving such a technology is played by deep learning \cite{Goodfellow-et-al-2016-Book}, which has recently contributed to significantly out...
541,165,882,436
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Quantum field theory in curved spacetime is by now a well-understood subject. However, there remain a number of intriguing puzzles which hint at deeper conceptual implications for quantum gravity itself. The best known is of course Hawking radiation and the issue of entropy and holography in qu...
541,165,882,437
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe) are considered to be potential Galactic sources of radiation from radio to very high energy gamma-rays. The non-thermal emission from a pulsar wind nebula (PWN) is believed to result from synchrotron and inverse Compton radiation of the high energy particles (leptons) ...
541,165,882,438
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Although the standard single-degenerate (SD) Chandrasekhar-mass scenario (see \citealt{Hillebrandt2000a} for a review) is capable of explaining most of the observed diversity of Type Ia supernovae (SNe~Ia) \citep{Hoeflich1996b,Kasen2009a} via the delayed-detonation \citep{Khokhlov1991a}...
541,165,882,439
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Let $n\geqslant 2$ and $(M,g)$ be a complete Riemannian manifold of dimension $n$. Let $\Omega\subset M$ be a bounded domain with smooth boundary $\Gamma$. We denote by $\Delta$ and $\Delta_\Gamma$ the Laplace-Beltrami operators acting on functions on $\Omega$ and $\Gamma$ respectively. Given...
541,165,882,440
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Since the discovery twenty eight years ago of superconductivity in the organic compounds of the $(TMTSF)_2X$, family ( X= $PF_6$, $ClO_4$, ) \cite{mazaud,ishiguro}, these compounds have been intensively studied both theoretically and experimentally. Many original phenomena has been discovered an...
541,165,882,441
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:introduction} Osteoarthritis (OA) \cite{OA} is a common form of joint disorder, with knee OA being a leading cause of disability among older adults. Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) typically manifests itself as the loss of articular cartilage from the medial and/or lateral femoral condyles a...
541,165,882,442
arxiv
\section{Introduction} It is well-known that the Lagrangian formulation of time-independent Mechanics may be developed using the geometry of the tangent bundle $TQ$ of the configuration space $Q$ and the Hamiltonian formulation may be given using the canonical symplectic structure $\Omega$ of the cotangent bundle $T^*Q...
541,165,882,443
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \rev{ Consider the quadratic optimization problem with indicator variables \[ \text{(QOI)} \ \ \ \min \bigg \{ a'x + b'y + y'Ay \ : \ (x,y) \in C, \ 0 \le y \le x, \ x \in \{0,1\}^N \bigg \}, \] where $N=\{1,\ldots,n\}$, $a$ and $b$ are $n$-vectors, $A$ is an $n \times n$ symmetric matrix and $C...
541,165,882,444
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Recently, the study of non-classical correlations between individual subsystems has gained importance in several research areas. Maybe the most notable form of non-classical correlation is entanglement~\cite{hor09,ami08}. The significance of these can be approached from several viewpoints. On ...
541,165,882,445
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \subsection{Setting} We are interested in the \textit{Logarithmic Non-Linear Schrödinger Equation} \begin{equation} i \, \partial_t u + \frac{1}{2} \Delta u + \lambda u \ln{\@ifstar{\oldabs}{\oldabs*}{u}^2} = 0 \label{foc_log_nls} \end{equation} with $x \in \mathbb{R}^d$, $d \geq 1$, $\...
541,165,882,446
arxiv
\section{Introduction} Recommender systems help users to easily find their favorite items from massive candidates. Typically, recommender models, such as collaborative filtering~\cite{koren2009matrix} and DeepFM~\cite{10.5555/3172077.3172127}, exploit users’ historical behaviors to learn users’ preference for future re...
541,165,882,447
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{intro} There is strong and widely accepted evidence for relativistic bulk speeds on parsec scales in radio galaxies and quasars. In the most extreme objects the observed superluminal motions, the rapid variability and consequent high brightness temperatures, and the absence of very strong...
541,165,882,448
arxiv
\subsubsection{Graph Decomposition using Sparse Cuts} In this section we prove the following lemma. \begin{lemma} \label{lem:deco_wrt_high-deg_nodes} There is an efficient algorithm, that, given a graph $G$ with $|E(G)|=\tilde{O}(\mathsf{cr})$ and a parameter $\alpha=o(\mathsf{cr})$, computes a subset $\hat{E}\subseteq...
541,165,882,449
arxiv
\section{Summary of the method and the results obtained} \subsection{Description of the duality} We start with the Euclidean theory $|\phi|^{n}$ for $n>2$ with the action in arbitrary dimension $d$: \begin{equation} S[\phi]=\int_{V}d^{d}x\left(\frac{1}{2}(\nabla\phi)^{2}+\frac{m^{2}}{2}\phi^{2}+\frac{g^{n}}{n}|\phi|^...
541,165,882,450
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro}\label{sec:intro} Deep learning is currently witnessing a major success in different computer vision tasks including image and video classification \cite{jiu2016deep}. The purpose of deep learning is to train convolutional or recurrent neural networks that map raw data into suit...
541,165,882,451
arxiv
\section*{Acknowledgements} The authors thank Sam Zhang, Tzu-Chi Yen, Hunter Wapman, and Allison Morgan for helpful discussions. All authors acknowledge support from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research Award FA9550-19-1-0329. \subsection*{Appendix A: Summary of the Empirical Hiring Networks} \label{subsec:summ...
541,165,882,452
arxiv
\section{Introduction} The structural dynamics of solids triggered by intense light pulses \cite{kampfrath_resonant_2013} can act as a precursor for driving materials across phase transitions \cite{torre21} or into metastable states inaccessible in equilibrium conditions \cite{nova_metastable_2019}. Besides the fundam...
541,165,882,453
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:5.1} The assessment of market risk is a key challenge that financial market participants face on a daily basis. To evaluate the risk, financial institutions primarily employ the risk measure Value-at-Risk (VaR) to meet the capital requirements enforced by the Basel Committee on Bankin...
541,165,882,454
arxiv
\section{Introduction} \label{sec:intro} Time variations in the motion of liquid metal in Earth's outer core produce fluctuations in the geomagnetic field. A striking example of this process is the occurrence of a sharp change in the field acceleration known as a geomagnetic jerk \cite[]{courtillot1984geomagnetic,bro...
541,165,882,455
arxiv
\section*{References}