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Politics of Angola | Political pressure groups and leaders | Political pressure groups and leaders
Front for the Liberation of the Enclave of Cabinda or FLEC (Henrique N'zita Tiago; António Bento Bembe)
note: FLEC is waging a small-scale, highly factionalized, armed struggle for the independence of Cabinda Province |
Politics of Angola | International organization participation | International organization participation
African, Caribbean and Pacific Group of States, AfDB, CEEAC, United Nations Economic Commission for Africa, FAO, Group of 77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, International Criminal Court (signatory), ICFTU, International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, International Development Associati... |
Politics of Angola | See also | See also
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Politics of Angola | References | References |
Politics of Angola | Further reading | Further reading
ANGOLA LIVRO BRANCO SOBRE AS ELEIÇÕES DE 2008. http://www.kas.de/proj/home/pub/8/2/year-2009/dokument_id-17396/index.html
Bösl, Anton (2008). Angola's Parliamentary Elections in 2008. A Country on its Way to One-Party-Democracy, KAS Auslandsinformationen 10/2008. http://www.kas.de/wf/de/33.15186/
Amund... |
Politics of Angola | External links | External links
The Chr. Michelsen Institute The largest centre for development research in Scandinavia. In particular, see their collaborative Angola Programme.
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Politics of Angola | Table of Content | Short description, History, Executive branch, Legislative branch, Political parties and elections, Judicial branch, Administrative divisions, Political pressure groups and leaders, International organization participation, See also, References, Further reading, External links |
Economy of Angola | Short description | thumb|Change in per capita GDP of Angola, 1950–2018. Figures are inflation-adjusted to 2011 International dollars.
Angola has a semi-planned economy, in which central planning directs the economy with the participation of private enterprises. The economy of Angola remains heavily influenced by the effects of four decad... |
Economy of Angola | History | History
The Angolan economy has been dominated by the production of raw materials and the use of cheap labor since European rule began in the sixteenth century. The Portuguese used Angola principally as a source for the thriving slave trade across the Atlantic; Luanda became the greatest slaving port in Africa. After ... |
Economy of Angola | 1990s | 1990s
United Nations Angola Verification Mission III and MONUA spent US$1.5 billion overseeing implementation of the Lusaka Protocol, a 1994 peace accord that ultimately failed to end the civil war. The protocol prohibited UNITA from buying foreign arms, a provision the United Nations largely did not enforce, so both s... |
Economy of Angola | 21st century | 21st century
thumb|250px|The Angolan government has been trying to prosecute Isabel dos Santos, a daughter of a former Angolan president, for corruption which may have led to Angola's recession
An economic reform effort was launched in 1998. Angola ranked 160 of 174 nations in the United Nations Human Development Ind... |
Economy of Angola | Overview | Overview
Despite its abundant natural resources, output per capita is among the world's lowest. Subsistence agriculture provides the main livelihood for 85% of the population. Oil production and the supporting activities are vital to the economy, contributing about 45% to GDP and 90% of exports. Growth is almost entir... |
Economy of Angola | Agriculture | Agriculture
Angola produced, in 2018:
8.6 million tons of cassava (8th largest producer in the world);
3.5 million tons of banana (7th largest producer in the world, or the 10th largest, if we consider together with plantain);
2.2 million tons of maize;
1.2 million tons of sweet potato (10th largest producer in th... |
Economy of Angola | Foreign trade | Foreign trade
Exports in 2004 reached US$10,530,764,911. The vast majority of Angola's exports, 92% in 2004, are petroleum products. US$785 million worth of diamonds, 7.5% of exports, were sold abroad that year. Nearly all of Angola's oil goes to the United States, in 2006, making it the eighth largest supplier of oi... |
Economy of Angola | Resources | Resources |
Economy of Angola | Petroleum | Petroleum
Angola produces and exports more petroleum than any other nation in sub-Saharan Africa, surpassing Nigeria first in the 2000s, then in 2022. In January 2007 Angola became a member of OPEC, before leaving in December 2023, as they wanted to expand their oil production. Under the Lourenço since 2017, the countr... |
Economy of Angola | Diamonds | Diamonds
Angola is the third largest producer of diamonds in Africa and has only explored 40% of the diamond-rich territory within the country, but has had difficulty in attracting foreign investment because of corruption, human rights violations, and diamond smuggling. Production rose by 30% in 2006 and Endiama, the ... |
Economy of Angola | Iron | Iron
Under Portuguese rule, Angola began mining iron in 1957, producing 1.2 million tons in 1967 and 6.2 million tons by 1971. In the early 1970s, 70% of Portuguese Angola's iron exports went to Western Europe and Japan. After independence in 1975, the Angolan Civil War (1975–2002) destroyed most of the territory's mi... |
Economy of Angola | See also | See also
Banco Espírito Santo Angola
United Nations Economic Commission for Africa |
Economy of Angola | References | References |
Economy of Angola | Further reading | Further reading
McCormick, Shawn H. The Angolan Economy: Prospects for Growth in a Postwar Environment, 1994.
OECD, International Energy Agency. Angola: Towards an Energy Strategy, 2006. |
Economy of Angola | External links | External links
MBendi overview of Angola
Angola latest trade data on ITC Trade Map
Exports to Angola Datasheet
Angola
Category:Blood diamonds
Angola
Angola |
Economy of Angola | Table of Content | Short description, History, 1990s, 21st century, Overview, Agriculture, Foreign trade, Resources, Petroleum, Diamonds, Iron, See also, References, Further reading, External links |
Transport in Angola | Short description |
Transport in Angola comprises: |
Transport in Angola | Roads | Roads
Two trans-African automobile routes pass through Angola:
the Tripoli-Cape Town Highway
the Beira-Lobito Highway |
Transport in Angola | Railways | Railways
There are three separate railway lines in Angola:
Luanda Railway (CFL) (northern);
Benguela Railway (CFB) (central), operated by the Lobito Atlantic Railway joint venture;
Moçâmedes Railway (CFM) (southern);
Reconstruction of these three lines began in 2005 and they are now all operational. The Benguela... |
Transport in Angola | Waterways | Waterways
1,300 km navigable (2008)
country comparison to the world: 36 |
Transport in Angola | Pipelines | Pipelines
gas 352 km; liquid petroleum gas 85 km; crude oil 1,065 km (2013)
In April 2012, the Zambian Development Agency (ZDA) and an Angolan company signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) to build a multi-product pipeline from Lobito to Lusaka, Zambia, to deliver various refined products to Zambia.
Angola pl... |
Transport in Angola | Ports and harbors | Ports and harbors
thumb|Ship loading minerals at Moçâmedes harbour, Angola
The government plans to build a deep-water port at Barra do Dande, north of Luanda, in Bengo province near Caxito. |
Transport in Angola | Merchant marine | Merchant marine
total: 58
country comparison to the world: 115
by type: cargo 13, oil tanker 8, other 37 (2008) |
Transport in Angola | Airports | Airports
102 (2021)
thumb|Dr. Antonio Agostinho Neto International Airport
The old airport in Luanda, Quatro de Fevereiro Airport, will be replaced by the new Dr. Antonio Agostinho Neto International Airport. |
Transport in Angola | Airports – with paved runways | Airports – with paved runways
total: 30
over 3,047 m: 5
2,438 to 3,047 m: 8
1,524 to 2,437 m: 12
914 to 1,523 m: 4
under 914 m: 1 (2008) |
Transport in Angola | Airports – with unpaved runways | Airports – with unpaved runways
total: 181 (2008)
over 3,047 m: 2
2,438 to 3,047 m: 5
1,524 to 2,437 m: 32
914 to 1,523 m: 100
under 914 m: 42 (2008) |
Transport in Angola | Angolan Airlines | Angolan Airlines
TAAG Angola Airlines
Sonair
Fly Angola |
Transport in Angola | Heliports | Heliports
total: 1 (2021) |
Transport in Angola | References | References
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Transport in Angola | Table of Content | Short description, Roads, Railways, Waterways, Pipelines, Ports and harbors, Merchant marine, Airports, Airports – with paved runways, Airports – with unpaved runways, Angolan Airlines, Heliports, References |
Angolan Armed Forces | Short description | The Angolan Armed Forces () or FAA is the military of Angola. The FAA consist of the Angolan Army (), the Angolan Navy () and the National Air Force of Angola (). Reported total manpower in 2021 was about 107,000. The FAA is headed by the Chief of the General Staff António Egídio de Sousa Santos since 2018, who report... |
Angolan Armed Forces | History | History |
Angolan Armed Forces | Roots | Roots
The FAA succeeded to the previous People's Armed Forces for the Liberation of Angola (FAPLA) following the abortive Bicesse Accord with the Armed Forces of the Liberation of Angola (FALA), armed wing of the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA). As part of the peace agreement, troops from ... |
Angolan Armed Forces | Founding | Founding
The Angolan Armed Forces were created on 9 October 1991. The institutionalization of the FAA was made in the Bicesse Accords, signed in 1991, between the Angolan Government and UNITA. The principles that would govern the FAA were defined in a joint proposal presented on September 24, 1991, and approved on 9 ... |
Angolan Armed Forces | Branches | Branches |
Angolan Armed Forces | Army | Army
300px|right|thumb|Angolan Second Lieutenant, First Lieutenant, and Captain training in Russia in August 2015The Army (Exército) is the land component of the FAA. It is organized in six military regions (Cabinda, Luanda, North, Center, East and South), with an infantry division being based in each one. Distribut... |
Angolan Armed Forces | Air Force | Air Force
The National Air Force of Angola (FANA, Força Aérea Nacional de Angola) is the air component of the FAA. It is organized in six aviation regiments, each including several squadrons. To each of the regiments correspond an air base. Besides the aviation regiments, there is also a Pilot Training School.
The ... |
Angolan Armed Forces | Navy | Navy
The Angola Navy (MGA, Marinha de Guerra de Angola) is the naval component of the FAA. It is organized in two naval zones (North and South), with naval bases in Luanda, Lobito and Moçâmedes. It includes a Marines Brigade and a Marines School, based in Ambriz. The Navy numbers about 1,000 personnel and operates o... |
Angolan Armed Forces | Specialized units | Specialized units |
Angolan Armed Forces | Special forces | Special forces
The FAA include several types of special forces, namely the Commandos, the Special Operations and the Marines. The Angolan special forces follow the general model of the analogous Portuguese special forces, receiving similar training.
The Commandos and the Special forces are part of the Special Force... |
Angolan Armed Forces | Territorial troops | Territorial troops
The Directorate of People's Defense and Territorial Troops of the Defence Ministry or ODP was established in late 1975. It had 600,000 members, having personnel in virtually every village by 1979. It had both armed and unarmed units dispersed in villages throughout the country. The People's Vigilan... |
Angolan Armed Forces | Training establishments | Training establishments |
Angolan Armed Forces | Armed Forces Academy | Armed Forces Academy
The Military Academy () is a military university public higher education establishment whose mission is to train officers of the Permanent Staff of the Army. It has been in operation since 21 August 2009 by presidential decree. Its headquarters are in Lobito. It trains in the following specialtie... |
Angolan Armed Forces | Navy | Navy
Naval War Institute (INSG)
Naval Academy
Naval Specialist School |
Angolan Armed Forces | Air Force | Air Force
Angolan Military Aviation School
Pilot Basic Training School (Lobito) |
Angolan Armed Forces | Institutions/other units | Institutions/other units |
Angolan Armed Forces | Museum of the Armed Forces | Museum of the Armed Forces |
Angolan Armed Forces | Military Hospitals | Military Hospitals
The Military hospital of the FAA is the Main Military Hospital. It has the following lineage:
1961 – Evacuation Infirmary
1962 – Military Hospital of Luanda
1975 – Military Hospital
1976 – Central Military Hospital
1989 – Main Military Hospital
It provides specialized medical assistance in a... |
Angolan Armed Forces | Supreme Military Court | Supreme Military Court
The Supreme Military Court is the highest organ of the hierarchy of military courts. The Presiding Judge, the Deputy Presiding Judge and the other Counselor Judges of the Supreme Military Court are appointed by the President of the Republic. The composition, organization, powers and functioning... |
Angolan Armed Forces | Military Bands | Military Bands
The FAA maintains Portuguese-style military bands in all three branches and in individual units. The primary band is the 100-member Music Band of the Presidential Security Household. The music band of the Army Command was created on 16 June 1994http://m.portalangop.co.ao/angola/pt_pt/mobile/noticias/po... |
Angolan Armed Forces | Foreign deployments | Foreign deployments
The FAPLA's main counterinsurgency effort was directed against UNITA in the southeast, and its conventional capabilities were demonstrated principally in the undeclared South African Border War.Library of Congress Country Studies The FAPLA first performed its external assistance mission with the d... |
Angolan Armed Forces | References | References |
Angolan Armed Forces | Further reading | Further reading
Human Rights Watch, Angola Unravels: The Rise and Fall of the Lusaka Peace Process, October 1999
Utz Ebertz and Marie Müller, Legacy of a resource-fueled war: The role of generals in Angola's mining sector, BICC Focus, June 2013
Area Handbook for Angola, August 1967, Angola, A Country Study (1979 and 1... |
Angolan Armed Forces | External links | External links
Official site of the Angolan Ministry of National Defence
World Navies
Brinkman, Inge "Language, Names, and War: The Case of Angola", African Studies Review
Category:Military of Angola
Category:Military history of Angola
Category:Angolan Civil War
Category:1991 establishments in Angola
Category:Militar... |
Angolan Armed Forces | Table of Content | Short description, History, Roots, Founding, Branches, Army, Air Force, Navy, Specialized units, Special forces, Territorial troops, Training establishments, Armed Forces Academy, Navy, Air Force, Institutions/other units, Museum of the Armed Forces, Military Hospitals, Supreme Military Court, Military Bands, Foreign d... |
Foreign relations of Angola | short description | The foreign relations of Angola are based on Angola's strong support of U.S. foreign policy as the Angolan economy is dependent on U.S. foreign aid.
From 1975 to 1989, Angola was aligned with the Eastern bloc, in particular the Soviet Union, Libya, and Cuba. Since then, it has focused on improving relationships with We... |
Foreign relations of Angola | Diplomatic relations | Diplomatic relations
List of countries which Angola maintains diplomatic relations with:
frameless|425x425px#CountryDate123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930—313233343536373839404142434445464748495051525354555657585960616263646566676869707172737475767778798081828384858687888990—9192939495969798991001011... |
Foreign relations of Angola | Bilateral relations | Bilateral relations |
Foreign relations of Angola | Africa | Africa
Country Formal Relations BeganNotes30 October 1977See Angola–Cape Verde relations
Cape Verde signed a friendship accord with Angola in December 1975, shortly after Angola gained its independence. Cape Verde and Guinea-Bissau served as stop-over points for Cuban troops on their way to Angola to fight UNITA re... |
Foreign relations of Angola | Americas | Americas
Country Formal Relations BeganNotes2 June 1979Both countries established diplomatic relations on 2 June 1979
See Angola–Argentina relations
Angola has an embassy in Buenos Aires.
Argentina has an embassy in Luanda.12 November 1975See Angola–Brazil relations
Commercial and economic ties dominate the relat... |
Foreign relations of Angola | Asia | Asia
Country Formal Relations BeganNotes12 January 1983Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 January 1983
See Angola–China relations
Chinese prime minister Wen Jiabao visited Angola in June 2006, offering a US$9 billion loan for infrastructure improvements in return for petroleum. The PRC has invest... |
Foreign relations of Angola | Europe | Europe
Country Formal Relations BeganNotes17 February 1976See Angola–France relations
Relations between the two countries have not always been cordial due to the former French government's policy of supporting militant separatists in Angola's Cabinda province and the international Angolagate scandal embarrassed bot... |
Foreign relations of Angola | See also | See also
List of diplomatic missions in Angola
List of diplomatic missions of Angola
Visa requirements for Angolan citizens |
Foreign relations of Angola | References | References |
Foreign relations of Angola | External links | External links
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Foreign relations of Angola | Table of Content | short description, Diplomatic relations, Bilateral relations, Africa, Americas, Asia, Europe, See also, References, External links |
Albert Sidney Johnston | short description | Albert Sidney Johnston (February 2, 1803 – April 6, 1862) was an American military officer who served as a general in three different armies: the Texian Army, the United States Army, and the Confederate States Army. He saw extensive combat during his 34-year military career, fighting actions in the Black Hawk War, the ... |
Albert Sidney Johnston | Early life and education | Early life and education
Johnston was born in Washington, Kentucky, the youngest son of Dr. John and Abigail (Harris) Johnston. His father was a native of Salisbury, Connecticut. He was a grandson of Revolutionary War patriot Edward Harris. Although Albert Johnston was born in Kentucky, he lived much of his life in Te... |
Albert Sidney Johnston | Marriage and family | Marriage and family
thumb|China Grove Plantation, Johnston's Texas home
In 1829, he married Henrietta Preston, sister of Kentucky politician and future Civil War general William Preston. They had three children, of whom two survived to adulthood. Their son, William Preston Johnston, became a colonel in the Confederate ... |
Albert Sidney Johnston | Texian Army | Texian Army
Johnston moved to Texas in 1836 and enlisted as a private in the Texian Army after the Texas War of Independence from the Republic of Mexico. He was named Adjutant General as a colonel in the Republic of Texas Army on August 5, 1836. On January 31, 1837, he became senior brigadier general in command of the ... |
Albert Sidney Johnston | United States Army | United States Army
thumb|Johnston as commander of the Department of Utah. Portrait taken by Samuel C. Mills at Camp Floyd, Utah Territory, winter of 1858–59
When the United States declared war on Mexico in May 1846, Johnston rode 400 miles from his home in Galveston to Port Isabel to volunteer for service in Brigadier ... |
Albert Sidney Johnston | Utah War | Utah War
As a key figure in the Utah War, Johnston took command of the U.S. forces dispatched to crush the Latter Day Saint rebellion in November 1857. Their objective was to install Alfred Cumming as governor of the Utah Territory, replacing Brigham Young, and restore U.S. legal authority in the region. As Johnston ha... |
Albert Sidney Johnston | Slavery | Slavery
Johnston was a slave owner and a strong supporter of slavery. By 1846, he owned four slaves in Texas.Roland, p. 141. In 1855, having discovered that a slave was stealing from the Army payroll, Johnston refused to have him physically punished and instead sold him for $1,000 to recoup the losses. Johnston explain... |
Albert Sidney Johnston | American Civil War | American Civil War
thumb|Albert S. Johnston in Confederate Army uniform wearing Three Gold Stars and Wreath on a General's Collar
At the outbreak of the American Civil War, Johnston was the commander of the U.S. Army Department of the Pacific in California. Like many regular army officers from the Southern United State... |
Albert Sidney Johnston | Confederate command in Western Theater | Confederate command in Western Theater
On September 10, 1861, Johnston was assigned to command the huge area of the Confederacy west of the Allegheny Mountains, except for coastal areas. He became commander of the Confederacy's western armies in the area often called the Western Department or Western Military Departmen... |
Albert Sidney Johnston | Battle of Mill Springs | Battle of Mill Springs
East Tennessee (a heavily pro-union region of the southern U.S. during the Civil War) was occupied for the Confederacy by two unimpressive brigadier generals appointed by Jefferson Davis: Felix Zollicoffer, a brave but untrained and inexperienced officer, and soon-to-be Maj. Gen. George B. Critte... |
Albert Sidney Johnston | Fort Henry, Fort Donelson, Nashville | Fort Henry, Fort Donelson, Nashville
Based on the assumption that Kentucky neutrality would act as a shield against a direct invasion from the north, circumstances that no longer applied in September 1861, Tennessee initially had sent men to Virginia and concentrated defenses in the Mississippi Valley.Woodworth, p. 54.... |
Albert Sidney Johnston | Concentration at Corinth | Concentration at Corinth
Johnston was in a perilous situation after the fall of Ft. Donelson and Henry; with barely 17,000 men to face an overwhelming concentration of Union force, he hastily fled south into Mississippi by way of Nashville and then into northern Alabama.Woodworth, pp. 85–86. Johnston himself retreated ... |
Albert Sidney Johnston | Battle of Shiloh and death | Battle of Shiloh and death
Johnston launched a massive surprise attack with his concentrated forces against Grant at the Battle of Shiloh on April 6, 1862.Chisholm, p. 473 As the Confederate forces overran the U.S. camps, Johnston personally rallied troops up and down the line on his horse. One of his famous moments in... |
Albert Sidney Johnston | Legacy and honors | Legacy and honors
thumb|Johnston's tomb and statue by Elisabet Ney in the Texas State Cemetery in Austin, Texas
Johnston was survived by his wife, Eliza, and six children. His wife and five younger children, including one born after he went to war, chose to live out their days at home in Los Angeles with Eliza's broth... |
Albert Sidney Johnston | See also | See also
Albert Sidney Johnston High School, a defunct public high school in Austin, Texas
Statue of Albert Sidney Johnston (Texas State Cemetery), a 1903 memorial sculpture by Elisabet Ney
Statue of Albert Sidney Johnston (University of Texas at Austin), a statue by Pompeo Coppini
List of American Civil War gener... |
Albert Sidney Johnston | Notes | Notes |
Albert Sidney Johnston | References | References
Beauregard, G. T. The Campaign of Shiloh. p. 579. In Battles and Leaders of the Civil War, vol. I, edited by Robert Underwood Johnson and Clarence C. Buel. New York: Century Co., 1884–1888. .
Dupuy, Trevor N., Curt Johnson, and David L. Bongard. Harper Encyclopedia of Military Biography. New York... |
Albert Sidney Johnston | Further reading | Further reading
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Albert Sidney Johnston | External links | External links
Eliza Johnston, Wife Of Confederate General Albert Sidney Johnston
Albert Sidney Johnston at Handbook of Texas Online
Category:1803 births
Category:1862 deaths
Category:Confederate States of America military personnel killed in the American Civil War
Category:Deaths from bleeding
Category:Burials a... |
Albert Sidney Johnston | Table of Content | short description, Early life and education, Marriage and family, Texian Army, United States Army, Utah War, Slavery, American Civil War, Confederate command in Western Theater, Battle of Mill Springs, Fort Henry, Fort Donelson, Nashville, Concentration at Corinth, Battle of Shiloh and death, Legacy and honors, See als... |
Android (robot) | Short description | thumb|Repliee Q2, an android, can mimic human functions such as blinking, breathing and speaking, with the ability to recognize and process speech and touch, and then respond in kind.
An android is a humanoid robot or other artificial being, often made from a flesh-like material. Historically, androids existed only in... |
Android (robot) | Terminology | Terminology
thumb|Early example of the term androides used to describe human-like mechanical devices, London Times, 22 December 1795
The Oxford English Dictionary traces the earliest use (as "Androides") to Ephraim Chambers' 1728 Cyclopaedia, in reference to an automaton that St. Albertus Magnus allegedly created.OED a... |
Android (robot) | Projects | Projects
Several projects aiming to create androids that look, and, to a certain degree, speak or act like a human being have been launched or are underway. |
Android (robot) | Japan | Japan
thumb|Repliee Q2, a Japanese android
Japanese robotics have been leading the field since the 1970s. Waseda University initiated the WABOT project in 1967, and in 1972 completed the WABOT-1, the first android, a full-scale humanoid intelligent robot. Its limb control system allowed it to walk with the lower limbs... |
Android (robot) | Singapore | Singapore
Prof Nadia Thalmann, a Nanyang Technological University scientist, directed efforts of the Institute for Media Innovation along with the School of Computer Engineering in the development of a social robot, Nadine. Nadine is powered by software similar to Apple's Siri or Microsoft's Cortana. Nadine may become ... |
Android (robot) | South Korea | South Korea
thumb|200px|EveR-2, the first android that can sing
KITECH researched and developed EveR-1, an android interpersonal communications model capable of emulating human emotional expression via facial "musculature" and capable of rudimentary conversation, having a vocabulary of around 400 words. She is tall a... |
Android (robot) | United States | United States
Walt Disney and a staff of Imagineers created Great Moments with Mr. Lincoln that debuted at the 1964 New York World's Fair.
Dr. William Barry, an Education Futurist and former visiting West Point Professor of Philosophy and Ethical Reasoning at the United States Military Academy, created an AI android c... |