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Alan Garner | Personal life | Personal life
With his first wife Ann Cook he had three children. In 1972, he married for a second time, this time to Griselda Greaves, a teacher and critic with whom he had two children. In a 2014 interview conducted with Mike Pitts for British Archaeology magazine, Garner stated that "I don't have anything to do wit... |
Alan Garner | Literary style | Literary style
Although Garner's early work is often labelled as "children's literature", Garner himself rejects such a description, informing one interviewer that "I certainly have never written for children" but that instead, he has always written purely for himself. Neil Philip, in his critical study of Garner's wo... |
Alan Garner | Recognition and legacy | Recognition and legacy
thumb|right|The Medicine House, an Early Modern building that was moved to Blackden by Garner.
In a paper published in the Children's Literature Association Quarterly, Maria Nikolajeva characterised Garner as "one of the most controversial" authors of modern children's literature.
In the fifti... |
Alan Garner | Awards | Awards
The biennial Hans Christian Andersen Award conferred by the International Board on Books for Young People is the highest recognition available to a writer or illustrator of children's books. Garner was the sole runner-up for the writing award in 1978."Hans Christian Andersen Awards". International Board on Book... |
Alan Garner | Television, radio, and other adaptations | Television, radio, and other adaptations
The Weirdstone of Brisingamen was dramatised in 6 30-minute parts by Nan Macdonald for the BBC's Home Service broadcast in November 1963.
Elidor was read in instalments by John Stride for the BBC's Jackanory programme in June 1968.
The Owl Service (1969), a British TV serie... |
Alan Garner | Works | Works |
Alan Garner | Novels | Novels
The Weirdstone of Brisingamen, 1960
The Moon of Gomrath, 1963
Elidor, 1965
The Owl Service, 1967
Red Shift, 1973
Strandloper, 1996
Thursbitch, 2003
Boneland, 2012
Treacle Walker, 2021 |
Alan Garner | Short story collections | Short story collections
The Hamish Hamilton Book of Goblins, 1969
The Guizer: A Book of Fools, 1975
The Stone Book Quartet, 1979
The Lad of the Gad, 1980
Fairytales of Gold, 1980, (Illustrated by Michael Foreman).
Book of British Fairy Tales, 1984, (Illustrated by Derek Collard).
A Bag of Moonshine, 1986, (Illus... |
Alan Garner | Other books | Other books
Holly from the Bongs: A Nativity Play, 1966
The Old Man of Mow, 1967
The Breadhorse, 1975
Jack and the Beanstalk, 1992, (Illustrated by Julek Heller).
The Little Red Hen, 1997
The Well of the Wind, 1998
Grey Wolf, Prince Jack and the Firebird, 1998
The Voice That Thunders, 1997
Where Shall We Run T... |
Alan Garner | See also | See also
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Alan Garner | References | References |
Alan Garner | Footnotes | Footnotes |
Alan Garner | Sources | Sources
|
Alan Garner | Further reading | Further reading
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Alan Garner | External links | External links
Alan Garner coverage by The Guardian
Alan Garner papers at the University of Oregon Special Collections and University Archives
Category:English short story writers
Category:English children's writers
Category:English fantasy writers
Category:Carnegie Medal in Literature winners
Category:Fellows... |
Alan Garner | Table of Content | Short description, Biography, Early life: 1934–56, ''The Weirdstone of Brisingamen'' and ''The Moon of Gomrath'': 1957–64, ''Elidor'', ''The Owl Service'' and ''Red Shift'': 1964–73, ''The Stone Book'' series and folkloric collections: 1974–94, ''Strandloper'', ''Thursbitch'', ''Boneland'', ''Where Shall We Run To?'' a... |
August 2 | About | |
August 2 | Events | Events |
August 2 | Pre-1600 | Pre-1600
338 BC – A Macedonian army led by Philip II defeated the combined forces of Athens and Thebes in the Battle of Chaeronea, securing Macedonian hegemony in Greece and the Aegean.
216 BC – The Carthaginian army led by Hannibal defeats a numerically superior Roman army at the Battle of Cannae.
49 BC – Caesar, who ... |
August 2 | 1601–1900 | 1601–1900
1610 – During Henry Hudson's search for the Northwest Passage, he sails into what is now known as Hudson Bay.
1776 – The signing of the United States Declaration of Independence took place.
1784 – The first British mail coach service ran from Bristol to London.
1790 – The first United States Census is conduc... |
August 2 | 1901–present | 1901–present
1903 – The Ilinden–Preobrazhenie Uprising against the Ottoman Empire begins.
1914 – The German occupation of Luxembourg during World War I begins.
1916 – World War I: Austrian sabotage causes the sinking of the Italian battleship Leonardo da Vinci in Taranto.
1918 – The first general strike in Canadian his... |
August 2 | Births | Births |
August 2 | Pre-1600 | Pre-1600
1260 – Kyawswa of Pagan, last ruler of the Pagan Kingdom (d. 1299)
1455 – John Cicero, Elector of Brandenburg (d. 1499)
1533 – Theodor Zwinger, Swiss physician and scholar (d. 1588)
1549 – Mikołaj Krzysztof "the Orphan" Radziwiłł, Polish nobleman (d. 1616) |
August 2 | 1601–1900 | 1601–1900
1612 – Saskia van Uylenburgh, Dutch model and wife of Rembrandt van Rijn (d. 1642)
1627 – Samuel Dirksz van Hoogstraten, Dutch painter (d. 1678)
1630 – Estephan El Douaihy, Maronite patriarch (d. 1704)
1646 – Jean-Baptiste du Casse, French admiral and buccaneer (d. 1715)
1672 – Johann Jakob Scheuchzer, Swiss ... |
August 2 | 1901–present | 1901–present
1902 – Pope Cyril VI of Alexandria (d. 1971)
1902 – Mina Rees, American mathematician (d. 1997)
1905 – Karl Amadeus Hartmann, German composer (d. 1963)
1905 – Myrna Loy, American actress (d. 1993)
1905 – Ruth Nelson, American actress (d. 1992)"Ruth Nelson". IBDb. Retrieved November 1, 2022.Haun... |
August 2 | Deaths | Deaths |
August 2 | Pre-1600 | Pre-1600
216 BC – Gnaeus Servilius Geminus, Roman consul
216 BC – Lucius Aemilius Paullus, Roman consul and general
216 BC – Marcus Minucius Rufus, Roman consul
257 – Pope Stephen I
575 – Ahudemmeh, Syriac Orthodox Grand Metropolitan of the East.
640 – Pope Severinus
686 – Pope John V
855 – Ahmad ibn Hanbal, A... |
August 2 | 1601–1900 | 1601–1900
1605 – Richard Leveson, English admiral (b. c. 1570)
1611 – Katō Kiyomasa, Japanese daimyō (b. 1562)
1667 – Francesco Borromini, Swiss architect, designed San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane and Sant'Agnese in Agone (b. 1599)
1696 – Robert Campbell of Glenlyon (b. 1630)
1769 – Daniel Finch, 8th Earl of Winchilsea,... |
August 2 | 1901–present | 1901–present
1903 – Eduard Magnus Jakobson, Estonian missionary and engraver (b. 1847)
1903 – Edmond Nocard, French veterinarian and microbiologist (b. 1850)
1911 – Ioryi Mucitano, Aromanian revolutionary
1913 – Ferenc Pfaff, Hungarian architect and academic, designed Zagreb Central Station (b. 1851)
1915 – John Do... |
August 2 | Holidays and observances | Holidays and observances
Christian feast day:
Ahudemmeh (Syriac Orthodox Church).
Basil Fool for Christ (Russian Orthodox Church)
Justin Russolillo
Eusebius of Vercelli
Peter Faber
Peter Julian Eymard
Plegmund
Pope Stephen I
Portiuncola Indulgence ("Pardon of Assisi"), the plenary indulgence related to St. Francis of ... |
August 2 | References | References |
August 2 | External links | External links
Category:Days of August |
August 2 | Table of Content | About, Events, Pre-1600, 1601–1900, 1901–present, Births, Pre-1600, 1601–1900, 1901–present, Deaths, Pre-1600, 1601–1900, 1901–present, Holidays and observances, References, External links |
Atlantic (disambiguation) | Wiktionary | The Atlantic Ocean is the second largest of the world's oceans, that separates the old world from the new world.
Atlantic may also refer to: |
Atlantic (disambiguation) | Places | Places |
Atlantic (disambiguation) | In Canada | In Canada
Atlantic, Nova Scotia
Atlantic Canada |
Atlantic (disambiguation) | In the United States | In the United States
Atlantic, Iowa
Atlantic, Massachusetts
Atlantic, North Carolina, an unincorporated community in eastern Carteret County
Atlantic, Pennsylvania
Atlantic, Seattle, a neighborhood in Washington state
Atlantic, Virginia
Atlantic City, New Jersey
Atlantic County, New Jersey
Atlantic Peak (Color... |
Atlantic (disambiguation) | Art, entertainment, and media | Art, entertainment, and media |
Atlantic (disambiguation) | Companies and labels | Companies and labels
Atlantic Books, an independent British publishing house
Atlantic Monthly Press, an American publishing house
Atlantic Entertainment Group, a defunct movie studio company
Atlantic FM, a former radio station serving Cornwall, United Kingdom
Atlantic Records, a record company |
Atlantic (disambiguation) | Music | Music
The Atlantics, an Australian surf rock band formed in the early 1960s |
Atlantic (disambiguation) | Albums | Albums
Atlantic (Dufresne album) |
Atlantic (disambiguation) | Songs | Songs
"Atlantic" (song), by Keane
"Atlantic", a song by Björk from Vessel (DVD)
"Atlantic", a song by Thrice from Vheissu
"Atlantic", a song by Sleep Token from This Place Will Become Your Tomb |
Atlantic (disambiguation) | Other art, entertainment, and media | Other art, entertainment, and media
Atlantic (film), a 1929 black and white British film
The Atlantic, an American magazine founded as The Atlantic Monthly in 1857
Atlantic., a 2014 Dutch film
Atlantic (2015 film), an Irish documentary film, awarded Best Irish Documentary at the 2016 Dublin International Film Festiv... |
Atlantic (disambiguation) | Enterprises and organizations | Enterprises and organizations
Atlantic (cinema), a movie theater in Warsaw, Poland
Atlantic (toy company), a defunct Italian toy manufacturer
Atlantic (supermarkets), a defunct supermarket chain in Greece
Atlantic Broadband, a cable company in Massachusetts
Atlantic City Electric, a division of Elexon supplying ele... |
Atlantic (disambiguation) | Sports | Sports
Atlantic Championship Series, developmental open-wheel racing series in North America
Atlantic League of Professional Baseball, an American professional baseball league |
Atlantic (disambiguation) | Structures | Structures
Atlantic Building or Edificio Atlantic, a condominium building in Havana, Cuba
The Atlantic (Atlanta), a skyscraper in Atlanta, Georgia, United States |
Atlantic (disambiguation) | Transportation | Transportation |
Atlantic (disambiguation) | Airlines | Airlines
Air Atlantic, a Canadian airline
Atlantic Airways, a Faroese airline company |
Atlantic (disambiguation) | Aircraft | Aircraft
Breguet Atlantic, a French long-range maritime patrol aircraft (1961) |
Atlantic (disambiguation) | Motor vehicles | Motor vehicles
Atlantic (1921 automobile), a defunct automobile company
Austin Atlantic, a British car produced by the Austin Motor Company from 1949 to 1952
Fisker Atlantic, a 2012 plug-in electric concept car |
Atlantic (disambiguation) | Railroads and trains | Railroads and trains
Atlantic (locomotive), name of an early steam-powered locomotive of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad
Atlantic station (Los Angeles Metro)
Atlantic station (Staten Island Railway)
Atlantic (train), a named passenger train operated by Canadian Pacific Railway and later Via Rail
Atlantic, a type o... |
Atlantic (disambiguation) | Ships | Ships
, any one of several vessels by that name
Atlantic (yacht), a three-masted gaff-rigged schooner
Atlantic 85-class lifeboats, lifeboats that serve the shores of the United Kingdom and Ireland as a part of the RNLI inshore fleet |
Atlantic (disambiguation) | Other uses | Other uses
Atlantic (period) of palaeoclimatology
Atlantic languages (formerly West Atlantic), a language family in West Africa
Atlantic (horse), British-bred Thoroughbred racehorse of the 1870s |
Atlantic (disambiguation) | See also | See also
Atlantik (disambiguation)
Atlantique (disambiguation)
Atlantic Beach (disambiguation)
Atlantic Bridge (disambiguation)
Atlantic City (disambiguation) |
Atlantic (disambiguation) | Table of Content | Wiktionary, Places, In Canada, In the United States, Art, entertainment, and media, Companies and labels, Music, Albums, Songs, Other art, entertainment, and media, Enterprises and organizations, Sports, Structures, Transportation, Airlines, Aircraft, Motor vehicles, Railroads and trains, Ships, Other uses, See also |
Algebraic number | Short description | thumb|200px|The square root of 2 is an algebraic number equal to the length of the hypotenuse of a right triangle with legs of length 1.
An algebraic number is a number that is a root of a non-zero polynomial in one variable with integer (or, equivalently, rational) coefficients. For example, the golden ratio, , is a... |
Algebraic number | Examples | Examples
All rational numbers are algebraic. Any rational number, expressed as the quotient of an integer and a (non-zero) natural number , satisfies the above definition, because is the root of a non-zero polynomial, namely .Some of the following examples come from
Quadratic irrational numbers, irrational solutio... |
Algebraic number | <span class="anchor" id="Degree of an algebraic number"></span> Properties | Properties
thumb|Algebraic numbers on the complex plane colored by degree (bright orange/red = 1, green = 2, blue = 3, yellow = 4). The larger points come from polynomials with smaller integer coefficients.
If a polynomial with rational coefficients is multiplied through by the least common denominator, the resulting... |
Algebraic number | Degree of simple extensions of the rationals as a criterion to algebraicity | Degree of simple extensions of the rationals as a criterion to algebraicity
For any , the simple extension of the rationals by , denoted by , is of finite degree if and only if is an algebraic number.
The condition of finite degree means that there is a finite set in such that ; that is, every member in can be wri... |
Algebraic number | Field | Field
thumb|Algebraic numbers colored by degree (blue = 4, cyan = 3, red = 2, green = 1). The unit circle is black.
The sum, difference, product, and quotient (if the denominator is nonzero) of two algebraic numbers is again algebraic:
For any two algebraic numbers , , this follows directly from the fact that the simp... |
Algebraic number | Algebraic closure | Algebraic closure
Every root of a polynomial equation whose coefficients are algebraic numbers is again algebraic. That can be rephrased by saying that the field of algebraic numbers is algebraically closed. In fact, it is the smallest algebraically closed field containing the rationals and so it is called the algebrai... |
Algebraic number | Related fields | Related fields |
Algebraic number | Numbers defined by radicals | Numbers defined by radicals
Any number that can be obtained from the integers using a finite number of additions, subtractions, multiplications, divisions, and taking (possibly complex) th roots where is a positive integer are algebraic. The converse, however, is not true: there are algebraic numbers that cannot be ob... |
Algebraic number | Closed-form number | Closed-form number
Algebraic numbers are all numbers that can be defined explicitly or implicitly in terms of polynomials, starting from the rational numbers. One may generalize this to "closed-form numbers", which may be defined in various ways. Most broadly, all numbers that can be defined explicitly or implicitly i... |
Algebraic number | Algebraic integers | Algebraic integers
thumb|Visualisation of the (countable) field of algebraic numbers in the complex plane. Colours indicate the leading integer coefficient of the polynomial the number is a root of (red = 1 i.e. the algebraic integers, green = 2, blue = 3, yellow = 4...). Points becomes smaller as the other coefficient... |
Algebraic number | Special classes | Special classes
Algebraic solution
Gaussian integer
Eisenstein integer
Quadratic irrational number
Fundamental unit
Root of unity
Gaussian period
Pisot–Vijayaraghavan number
Salem number |
Algebraic number | Notes | Notes |
Algebraic number | References | References
|
Algebraic number | Table of Content | Short description, Examples, <span class="anchor" id="Degree of an algebraic number"></span> Properties, Degree of simple extensions of the rationals as a criterion to algebraicity, Field, Algebraic closure, Related fields, Numbers defined by radicals, Closed-form number, Algebraic integers, Special classes, Notes, Ref... |
Automorphism | Short description | thumb|right|400px|An automorphism of the Klein four-group shown as a mapping between two Cayley graphs, a permutation in cycle notation, and a mapping between two Cayley tables.
In mathematics, an automorphism is an isomorphism from a mathematical object to itself. It is, in some sense, a symmetry of the object, and a... |
Automorphism | Definition | Definition
In an algebraic structure such as a group, a ring, or vector space, an automorphism is simply a bijective homomorphism of an object into itself. (The definition of a homomorphism depends on the type of algebraic structure; see, for example, group homomorphism, ring homomorphism, and linear operator.)
More ... |
Automorphism | Automorphism group | Automorphism group
The automorphisms of an object form a group under composition of morphisms, which is called the automorphism group of . This results straightforwardly from the definition of a category.
The automorphism group of an object in a category is often denoted , or simply Aut(X) if the category is clear... |
Automorphism | Examples | Examples
In set theory, an arbitrary permutation of the elements of a set X is an automorphism. The automorphism group of X is also called the symmetric group on X.
In elementary arithmetic, the set of integers, , considered as a group under addition, has a unique nontrivial automorphism: negation. Considered as a ri... |
Automorphism | History | History
One of the earliest group automorphisms (automorphism of a group, not simply a group of automorphisms of points) was given by the Irish mathematician William Rowan Hamilton in 1856, in his icosian calculus, where he discovered an order two automorphism, writing:
so that is a new fifth root of unity, connected ... |
Automorphism | Inner and outer automorphisms | Inner and outer automorphisms
In some categories—notably groups, rings, and Lie algebras—it is possible to separate automorphisms into two types, called "inner" and "outer" automorphisms.
In the case of groups, the inner automorphisms are the conjugations by the elements of the group itself. For each element a of a g... |
Automorphism | See also | See also
Antiautomorphism
Automorphism (in Sudoku puzzles)
Characteristic subgroup
Endomorphism ring
Frobenius automorphism
Morphism
Order automorphism (in order theory).
Relation-preserving automorphism
Fractional Fourier transform |
Automorphism | References | References |
Automorphism | External links | External links
Automorphism at Encyclopaedia of Mathematics
Category:Morphisms
Category:Abstract algebra
Category:Symmetry |
Automorphism | Table of Content | Short description, Definition, Automorphism group, Examples, History, Inner and outer automorphisms, See also, References, External links |
Accordion | short description | thumb|upright=1.2|An accordionist
Accordions (from 19th-century German , from —"musical chord, concord of sounds")accordion, entry in Online Etymology Dictionary are a family of box-shaped musical instruments of the bellows-driven free reed aerophone type (producing sound as air flows past a reed in a frame). The essen... |
Accordion | History | History
thumb|left|Eight-key bisonoric diatonic accordion (c. 1830)
The accordion's basic form is believed to have been invented in Berlin, in 1822, by Christian Friedrich Ludwig Buschmann,There is not a single document to back up this belief. Christian Friedrich Ludwig Buschmann was 16 years old at that time; handwri... |
Accordion | Other audio samples | Other audio samples |
Accordion | See also | See also
List of accordionists
Steirische Harmonika
Confédération internationale des accordéonistes |
Accordion | Notes | Notes |
Accordion | References | References |
Accordion | External links | External links
Category:Folk music instruments
Category:Articles containing video clips
Category:German inventions
Category:19th-century inventions
Category:Symbols of Rio Grande do Sul |
Accordion | Table of Content | short description, History, Other audio samples, See also, Notes, References, External links |
Artificial intelligence | Short description | Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the capability of computational systems to perform tasks typically associated with human intelligence, such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and decision-making. It is a field of research in computer science that develops and studies methods and software that e... |
Artificial intelligence | Goals | Goals
The general problem of simulating (or creating) intelligence has been broken into subproblems. These consist of particular traits or capabilities that researchers expect an intelligent system to display. The traits described below have received the most attention and cover the scope of AI research. |
Artificial intelligence | Reasoning and problem-solving | Reasoning and problem-solving
Early researchers developed algorithms that imitated step-by-step reasoning that humans use when they solve puzzles or make logical deductions.Problem-solving, puzzle solving, game playing, and deduction: , (constraint satisfaction), , , By the late 1980s and 1990s, methods were develo... |
Artificial intelligence | Knowledge representation | Knowledge representation
thumb|upright=1.2|An ontology represents knowledge as a set of concepts within a domain and the relationships between those concepts.
Knowledge representation and knowledge engineeringKnowledge representation and knowledge engineering: , , , allow AI programs to answer questions intelligent... |
Artificial intelligence | Planning and decision-making | Planning and decision-making
An "agent" is anything that perceives and takes actions in the world. A rational agent has goals or preferences and takes actions to make them happen. In automated planning, the agent has a specific goal.Automated planning: . In automated decision-making, the agent has preferences—there a... |
Artificial intelligence | Learning | Learning
Machine learning is the study of programs that can improve their performance on a given task automatically.Learning: , , , It has been a part of AI from the beginning.
right|upright=1.4|frameless
There are several kinds of machine learning. Unsupervised learning analyzes a stream of data and finds patterns ... |
Artificial intelligence | Natural language processing | Natural language processing
Natural language processing (NLP)Natural language processing (NLP): , , allows programs to read, write and communicate in human languages such as English. Specific problems include speech recognition, speech synthesis, machine translation, information extraction, information retrieval an... |
Artificial intelligence | Perception | Perception
Machine perception is the ability to use input from sensors (such as cameras, microphones, wireless signals, active lidar, sonar, radar, and tactile sensors) to deduce aspects of the world. Computer vision is the ability to analyze visual input.Computer vision: ,
The field includes speech recognition, i... |
Artificial intelligence | Social intelligence | Social intelligence
thumb|Kismet, a robot head which was made in the 1990s; it is a machine that can recognize and simulate emotions.
Affective computing is a field that comprises systems that recognize, interpret, process, or simulate human feeling, emotion, and mood.Affective computing: , , , For example, some vi... |
Artificial intelligence | General intelligence | General intelligence
A machine with artificial general intelligence should be able to solve a wide variety of problems with breadth and versatility similar to human intelligence.Artificial general intelligence: Proposal for the modern version: Warnings of overspecialization in AI from leading researchers: , , |
Artificial intelligence | Techniques | Techniques
AI research uses a wide variety of techniques to accomplish the goals above. |
Artificial intelligence | Search and optimization | Search and optimization
AI can solve many problems by intelligently searching through many possible solutions.Search algorithms: , , , There are two very different kinds of search used in AI: state space search and local search. |
Artificial intelligence | State space search | State space search
State space search searches through a tree of possible states to try to find a goal state.State space search: For example, planning algorithms search through trees of goals and subgoals, attempting to find a path to a target goal, a process called means-ends analysis.
Simple exhaustive searchesUn... |