sentences stringlengths 1 6.19k | matches dict | sem_embed listlengths 768 768 | rhet_embedding listlengths 768 768 | aid stringlengths 7 11 | Category stringclasses 13
values |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Budgerigars 17mm interaural distance, on the other hand, demonstrate an MAA of about 5 deg, which approaches the excellent ability of the barn owl with a much larger head 50mm interaural distance. | {
"m": "Contrasting sources with ‘however’ for emphasis",
"s": "446.21"
} | [
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0.80... | W2030849760 | Result |
Recent work has suggested that interaural pathways connecting the two ears of birds could be involved in sound localization. | {
"m": "Referring to previous work to establish what is already known",
"s": "535.66"
} | [
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... | W2030849760 | Background |
Using latex injection medium, we have demonstrated interaural pathways in the budgerigar, canary, and zebra finch. | {
"m": "Referring back to the research aims or procedures",
"s": "406.02"
} | [
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... | W2030849760 | Aims |
Taken together, the results of these behavioral and anatomical studies indicate that the budgerigar may use the interaural pathway in sound localization. | {
"m": "Restating a result or one of several results",
"s": "542.5"
} | [
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... | W2030849760 | Result |
Cocaine stimulates luteinizing hormone LH release in rhesus monkeys and in men, but its effects on LH in women are unknown. | {
"m": "Suggesting general hypotheses",
"s": "577.9"
} | [
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1... | W1943524760 | Hypothesis |
Cocaine 0.2 and 0.4 mgkg i.v. was administered to groups of follicular and luteal phase women N 22 and to men N 12 to examine the influence of gender and menstrual cycle phase on cocaine and LH interactions. | {
"m": "Describing questionnaire design",
"s": "456.34"
} | [
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... | W1943524760 | Method |
All subjects met American Psychiatric Association Diagnostic and Statistical Manual IV criteria for cocaine abuse, and menstrual cycle phase was verified by estradiol and progesterone measures. | {
"m": "Indicating the methodology for the current research",
"s": "530.84"
} | [
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... | W1943524760 | Method |
Baseline LH levels were equivalent between groups. | {
"m": "Describing the process: typical verbs in the passive form",
"s": "442.29"
} | [
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... | [
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0.2... | W1943524760 | Method |
Peak cocaine levels did not differ significantly between men and women and averaged between 87 21 and 124 18 ngml after 0.2 mgkg cocaine and between 227 22 and 287 21 ngml after 0.4 mgkg cocaine. | {
"m": "Transition: moving to the next result",
"s": "455.18"
} | [
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... | W1943524760 | Result |
The lower dose of cocaine 0.2 mgkg significantly increased LH levels in men P 0.001 but not in women at either phase of the menstrual cycle. | {
"m": "Reporting positive and negative reactions",
"s": "315.96"
} | [
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0.4... | W1943524760 | Result |
The higher dose of cocaine 0.4 mgkg stimulated significant increases in LH in men P 0.001 and in women at both phases of the menstrual cycle P 0.0040.001. | {
"m": "Reporting positive and negative reactions",
"s": "399.14"
} | [
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Although cocaines effects on LH in women were dosedependent, there were no significant differences as a function of menstrual cycle phase. | {
"m": "Acknowledging limitation(s) whilst stating a finding or contribution",
"s": "393.51"
} | [
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1.8... | W1943524760 | Limitations |
LH remained significantly elevated longer in men 32 min than in women 8 and 12 min. This gender difference in cocaines potency in stimulating LH was unexpected. | {
"m": "Indicating an unexpected outcome",
"s": "275.27"
} | [
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0.... | W1943524760 | Result |
Based on the control strategy for doubly fed induction generator DFIG,an interconnecting mode for wind farms with power grid is proposed by use of multiterminal voltage source converter high voltage direct current MVSCHVDC power transmission,and a control strategy related to the proposed interconnection mode is develop... | {
"m": "Setting out the research questions or hypotheses",
"s": "455.71"
} | [
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0.6499273180961609... | [
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... | W2347700685 | Aims |
Comparing with traditional interconnection ways,the feasibility and reasonableness of the proposed interconnection mode are pointed out. | {
"m": "Suggesting general hypotheses",
"s": "457.25"
} | [
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... | W2347700685 | Hypothesis |
Taking PSCADEMTDC as simulation environment,corresponding mathematical model is built to research the operation conditions among wind farms and their internal generation units under steady and transient states of power grid. | {
"m": "Describing the process: sequence words",
"s": "504.68"
} | [
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... | W2347700685 | Method |
Simulation results show that the equivalent models of DFIG can run normally and steadily,so the proposed interconnection mode and control strategy are correct and effective wind farms as well as the units inside them can independently operate without interaction when faults occur in AC power system at inversion side,th... | {
"m": "Offering an explanation for the findings",
"s": "458.09"
} | [
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0.1... | W2347700685 | Result |
121 Objectives To study the development of Alzheimers disease AD in an elderly population by periodical assessment of a spectrum of biochemical and neuroimaging biomarkers. | {
"m": "Describing the process: infinitive of purpose",
"s": "472.48"
} | [
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... | [
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0.2... | W1516720749 | Method |
Methods 366 participants 195 elderly healthy controls HC age 72.27.2 years 92 Mild Cognitive Impairment MCI subjects and 79 mild AD patients, were evaluated at enrolment and 20 and 36 months later, with 5 of participants already reaching the 54month followup mark. | {
"m": "Describing the characteristics of the participants",
"s": "484.64"
} | [
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0.8720468282699585,
-1.7518868446350098,
-0.11941570043563843,
0.8133463859558105,
-0.4131762981414795,
-0.5433323979377747,
0.5525212287902832,
1.1766327619552612,... | W1516720749 | Method |
On each visit, participants underwent a comprehensive clinical and neuropsychological examination, 3D MRI, and 11CPiB PET imaging. | {
"m": "Describing the process: sequence words",
"s": "481.56"
} | [
-0.036884505301713943,
1.36662757396698,
-3.0045225620269775,
-0.9073127508163452,
0.8436145186424255,
0.3392789661884308,
0.2782609164714813,
0.12664557993412018,
0.72535640001297,
0.2855529487133026,
0.6474595069885254,
0.10399435460567474,
1.1124193668365479,
-0.5346576571464539,
-0.3... | [
-1.0792884826660156,
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-1.6138747930526733,
-1.3554797172546387,
0.9036046862602234,
-1.8732023239135742,
1.2003378868103027,
-2.1525511741638184,
0.1496550291776657,
0.9173822999000549,
-0.5101402401924133,
-1.324059247970581,
1.2379931211471558,
2.1545135974884033,
... | W1516720749 | Method |
Results At baseline, AD and MCI had significantly lower hippocampal volumes than HC, while 98 of AD, 63 of MCI and 34 of HC had high PiB PiB. | {
"m": "Reporting positive and negative reactions",
"s": "454.02"
} | [
0.871006190776825,
1.0907361507415771,
-3.526305675506592,
-0.0655861347913742,
0.30900123715400696,
0.13439702987670898,
1.0950733423233032,
0.6488027572631836,
0.10220123827457428,
-0.7415835857391357,
0.45801618695259094,
0.5918503999710083,
1.1168121099472046,
0.49805980920791626,
1.... | [
1.4790992736816406,
0.20138180255889893,
-1.8520704507827759,
-0.32928502559661865,
1.7820988893508911,
-0.9688733816146851,
1.7610224485397339,
-1.0370630025863647,
-0.35756200551986694,
-0.9290286898612976,
-0.7459180951118469,
2.473069429397583,
0.8694280982017517,
-0.08595982939004898,... | W1516720749 | Result |
By the latest followup of the MCI subjects, 42 met criteria for dementia, 38 AD, 2 dementia with Lewy bodies, 1 frontotemporal dementia, 1 vascular dementia and 3 were reclassified as HC. | {
"m": "Surveys and interviews: Reporting response rates",
"s": "390.3"
} | [
0.47956907749176025,
0.4754016399383545,
-3.1602554321289062,
-0.3839040696620941,
-0.4956388771533966,
0.3024376630783081,
0.30734917521476746,
0.032854821532964706,
0.4966210424900055,
-0.28793445229530334,
-0.32424429059028625,
0.3639465570449829,
1.2549365758895874,
0.8364678025245667,... | [
1.1957145929336548,
-0.6656655669212341,
-2.064680814743042,
-0.23941445350646973,
0.6337366700172424,
-1.1241284608840942,
0.8776000142097473,
-1.1923949718475342,
-0.3457726240158081,
-0.932987630367279,
-0.9451859593391418,
0.9901944994926453,
0.3489750921726227,
-0.3354596793651581,
... | W1516720749 | Method |
Progression to AD occurred in 54 of PiB MCI vs. 14 of PiB MCI, while 13 of PiB MCI progressed to other dementias. | {
"m": "Summarising the results section",
"s": "440.79"
} | [
0.7823120951652527,
0.753525972366333,
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0.35633614659309387,
1.2228819131851196,
0.44029030203819275,
1.2183078527450562,
0.15959449112415314,
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0.8335985541343689,
1.1663916110992432,
0.6870732307434082,
0.... | [
1.584230899810791,
0.7377443313598633,
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1.6237183809280396,
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1.624241590499878,
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-0.803601861000061,
0.49484819173812866,
1.5637105703353882,
0.31606489419937134,
0... | W1516720749 | Result |
Of the PiB HC, 10 developed MCI and 5 AD by 3 years. | {
"m": "Describing the process: typical verbs in the passive form",
"s": "482.8"
} | [
0.8262972235679626,
0.257706880569458,
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0.31900838017463684,
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0.855116605758667,
0.5719944834709167,
0.38514116406440735,
-0.15617913007736206,
-0.32672274112701416,
0.5537201762199402,
0.2950344979763031,
-0.03832313418388367,
... | [
1.8646395206451416,
-0.47939881682395935,
-3.2336385250091553,
-1.5366417169570923,
2.0879383087158203,
-1.3717924356460571,
1.3026165962219238,
-1.853451132774353,
-0.5514605641365051,
-0.5724990963935852,
-0.8975585103034973,
2.129397392272949,
1.120298981666565,
0.2938564717769623,
0.... | W1516720749 | Method |
Three 2 PiB HC developed MCI. | {
"m": "Describing the process: typical verbs in the passive form",
"s": "479.4"
} | [
0.49390557408332825,
-0.13771849870681763,
-3.0380783081054688,
0.6649007201194763,
0.41120389103889465,
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-0.5190198421478271,
0.03899508714675903,
-1.075567603111267,
-0.8849493265151978,
-0.7419149279594421,
-0.09553640335798264,
0.6360315680503845,
0.0691094100475311... | [
2.3082635402679443,
-0.918724775314331,
-2.1203958988189697,
-0.1866564154624939,
2.5166492462158203,
-0.14688177406787872,
1.2288918495178223,
-1.3099582195281982,
-0.7352185845375061,
-1.2801153659820557,
-1.888238787651062,
1.9522480964660645,
0.676331102848053,
-0.051972102373838425,
... | W1516720749 | Method |
Conclusions Extensive Aβ deposition precedes cognitive impairment and is associated with a higher risk of cognitive decline, denoting the nonbenign nature of Aβ deposition. | {
"m": "Noting implications of the findings",
"s": "340.63"
} | [
1.742323637008667,
1.6163467168807983,
-2.932180404663086,
-0.38468748331069946,
1.7046948671340942,
0.7937892079353333,
0.9048871994018555,
0.551510751247406,
0.32136470079421997,
-0.34903091192245483,
-0.12206248193979263,
1.7454837560653687,
1.9914995431900024,
1.1861692667007446,
1.1... | [
1.9015694856643677,
2.2718772888183594,
1.1206039190292358,
-0.7418863773345947,
1.1215423345565796,
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0.17803215980529785,
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1.1946148872375488,
-0.7668297290802002,
-0.9651674628257751,
0.3559611141681671,
1.8067229986190796,
-0.18555305898189545,
... | W1516720749 | Implications |
Based on our results, there is a 98 95 CI, 9399 chance that an asymptomatic PiB elderly HC will remain cognitively stable over 3 years in contrast to the 15 risk of developing MCI or AD in PiB HC | {
"m": "Indicating an expected outcome",
"s": "432.5"
} | [
0.8655292391777039,
0.7562080025672913,
-3.083834648132324,
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0.29692915081977844,
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0.5428577065467834,
1.2446900606155396,
0.31374308466911316,
0.4675653874874115,
0.20162752270698547,
0.31605908274650574,
0.26294928789138794,
... | [
2.5797152519226074,
1.1077079772949219,
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0.8888729810714722,
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1.2615081071853638,
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1.5875709056854248,
0.7334763407707214,
1.934957504272461,
0.6595860123634338,
0.... | W1516720749 | Hypothesis |
The article is designed to create favorable conditions and opportunities for businesses by improving tax administration without taking measures to mitigate the negative impact on the economy of Uzbekistan and the implementation of fiscal policy to support taxpayers. | {
"m": "Indicating methodological problems or limitations",
"s": "505.46"
} | [
-0.24970830976963043,
0.9301323890686035,
-3.202296733856201,
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1.1212241649627686,
0.23782913386821747,
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0.3160018026828766,
0.5735586285591125,
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0.4795880913734436,
0.33443349599838257,
2.0562479496002197,
-0.08369230479001999,
... | [
1.7204927206039429,
1.206278920173645,
1.5342206954956055,
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0.6866222620010376,
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-0.12278114259243011,
1.6206086874008179,
1.351098656654358,
0.6282217502593994,
1.... | W3172026441 | Limitations |
Improving the tax administration of the country is mainly aimed at improving the efficiency and quality of tax relations between taxpayers and the state, which is one of the main directions of our tax policy. | {
"m": "Providing background information: reference to the purpose of the study",
"s": "454.47"
} | [
0.4747961461544037,
0.6417984366416931,
-3.1470260620117188,
-0.9517343044281006,
1.1601283550262451,
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0.4431813657283783,
0.23119887709617615,
1.0304901599884033,
-0.0028454477433115244,
0.33604973554611206,
0.10118953138589859,
1.320511817932129,
0.08862140774726868,... | [
0.0775325819849968,
1.5107678174972534,
0.35936689376831055,
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1.1086478233337402,
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1.5269145965576172,
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1.245513677597046,
0.9534444808959961,
1.5643616914749146,
1.0083833932876587,
0.... | W3172026441 | Background |
562 Objectives The role of interim FDG PETCT in guiding therapeutic strategies in diffuse large Bcell lymphoma DLBCL is debated, mainly because interpretation rules vary among centers. | {
"m": "Identifying a controversy within the field of study",
"s": "477.5"
} | [
-0.12808074057102203,
0.24844425916671753,
-3.0037312507629395,
-1.332721471786499,
0.627720832824707,
0.14827600121498108,
0.33778446912765503,
0.21012774109840393,
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-0.6750997304916382,
0.3962564766407013,
0.621211051940918,
1.8796496391296387,
-0.23937715590000153,
... | [
0.006626970134675503,
1.1922528743743896,
0.9273121356964111,
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1.5713649988174438,
0.17744489014148712,
-0.9712133407592773,
-2.322014808654785,
0.6099085807800293,
0.08589039742946625,
-1.05586838722229,
-0.72047358751297,
-0.24017813801765442,
0.3809099495410919,
0.... | W154176648 | Uncertainty |
This study aimed to validate the prognostic value of interim FDG PETCT using the Deauville 2009 consensus criteria. | {
"m": "Stating the focus, aim, or argument of a short paper",
"s": "429.83"
} | [
-0.2921746075153351,
-0.0024969778023660183,
-3.698538064956665,
-1.3982607126235962,
1.3073862791061401,
0.5921915769577026,
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0.740270733833313,
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-0.8054167032241821,
0.7265535593032837,
0.2538337707519531,
1.7287483215332031,
-0.0549990497529506... | [
0.2600048780441284,
1.33086359500885,
-0.4327596426010132,
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0.17437249422073364,
-1.2091046571731567,
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0.8406805992126465,
1.2449787855148315,
1.0392444133758545,
-0.6359100341796875,
... | W154176648 | Hypothesis |
Methods The international validation study enrolled 120 patients with newlydiagnosed DLBCL, treated with a rituximabcontaining regimen. | {
"m": "Indicating the methodology for the current research",
"s": "420.35"
} | [
0.3815467059612274,
0.7748727798461914,
-2.9586925506591797,
-0.39834219217300415,
1.270591378211975,
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-0.33791598677635193,
0.5503463745117188,
0.5604605674743652,
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-0.8155108094215393,
1.1386196613311768,
2.078538179397583,
-1.0101984739303589,
0... | [
-0.3430074155330658,
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2.5303738117218018,
-1.1118634939193726,
0.44359394907951355,
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0.9476900696754456,
1.1143850088119507,
-1.67164146900177,
-1.4235353469848633,
2.034050464630127,
-0.16714367270469666,
... | W154176648 | Method |
All patients underwent FDG PETCT both at baseline and after 2 cycles, with no therapy change based on the latter. | {
"m": "Describing the process: typical verbs in the passive form",
"s": "528.28"
} | [
0.6745420098304749,
0.3146417438983917,
-3.4388818740844727,
-0.7291243076324463,
0.9190735816955566,
0.3941443860530853,
-0.09620432555675507,
0.19597285985946655,
-0.5163580179214478,
-0.9847145676612854,
0.21154524385929108,
1.3312798738479614,
1.2077293395996094,
-0.9366246461868286,
... | [
1.2746541500091553,
-1.4811186790466309,
-1.1249829530715942,
-0.12346628308296204,
1.766404628753662,
-0.7777619361877441,
0.9740704298019409,
-1.0364328622817993,
-0.2976627051830292,
-0.16740548610687256,
-0.6818710565567017,
1.4622321128845215,
1.479698896408081,
0.20187407732009888,
... | W154176648 | Method |
Scans were interpreted by 3 observers using the same software, and the prognostic value of interim FDG PETCT was assessed by KaplanMeier estimates of eventfree survival EFS. | {
"m": "Describing the process: sequence words",
"s": "487.74"
} | [
0.3857001066207886,
-0.03087310865521431,
-3.3565115928649902,
-0.7847864031791687,
1.1287155151367188,
0.46540364623069763,
-0.2679077684879303,
0.04735511913895607,
-0.8544996976852417,
-0.794745147228241,
0.6652184724807739,
-0.008125489577651024,
1.77788507938385,
0.32484331727027893,
... | [
0.9097925424575806,
-1.1595921516418457,
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-0.369351863861084,
1.4783766269683838,
-0.6683720946311951,
0.7737547755241394,
-1.5261424779891968,
-1.3483731746673584,
0.41280633211135864,
-0.6495658159255981,
0.5274268984794617,
-0.16524890065193176,
1.2677185535430908,
... | W154176648 | Method |
Results Median followup was 39.8 months. | {
"m": "Stating a positive result",
"s": "407.45"
} | [
0.7473902106285095,
-0.8843309879302979,
-3.5605671405792236,
-0.5197048187255859,
-0.4959396421909332,
-0.28769323229789734,
0.6948937773704529,
-0.2693951427936554,
1.3981622457504272,
-0.09875830262899399,
-0.058710645884275436,
0.7186142802238464,
0.699510395526886,
-0.5816563963890076... | [
1.1559823751449585,
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0.16471350193023682,
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0.4566284716129303,
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1.0615425109863281,
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-0.010714073665440083,
0.9949774742126465,
0.704416811466217,
-1.6508713960647583,
... | W154176648 | Result |
Using the Deauville 5point scale, overall Kappa was better with the reference background set at the liver score 4, κ0.65 compared to the mediastinal blood pool score 3, κ0.49. | {
"m": "Reporting positive and negative reactions",
"s": "507.72"
} | [
0.8166989088058472,
0.334016352891922,
-3.364204168319702,
-1.0541962385177612,
0.3465408682823181,
0.5319591760635376,
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0.9453144669532776,
-1.0013504028320312,
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0.3907632529735565,
0.7815292477607727,
1.4352009296417236,
0.4654478132724762,
0.62... | [
1.3071423768997192,
-0.6615926623344421,
-1.4068081378936768,
0.07439731806516647,
1.731429934501648,
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0.49202442169189453,
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-0.47764524817466736,
0.5472112894058228,
1.3630353212356567,
1.9919666051864624,
1.1260777711868286,
... | W154176648 | Result |
Using a 66 SUVmax reduction cutoff led to even better interobserver agreement κ0.81. | {
"m": "Comparing the result: supporting previous findings",
"s": "471.68"
} | [
0.0151955122128129,
0.7918367385864258,
-3.1658694744110107,
-0.24101056158542633,
1.3759783506393433,
0.3208809196949005,
0.3794379234313965,
0.909450113773346,
-0.45668330788612366,
-0.13669554889202118,
0.49518561363220215,
-0.17765136063098907,
1.3283265829086304,
-0.11420294642448425,... | [
1.848681092262268,
0.3204348385334015,
-0.5292214751243591,
-0.039599742740392685,
1.598720908164978,
0.0769091248512268,
-0.45348915457725525,
0.3659263551235199,
0.2593570947647095,
-1.3487571477890015,
-0.4801762104034424,
1.8647204637527466,
1.0475345849990845,
-0.5037383437156677,
0... | W154176648 | Result |
Moreover, the highest prognostic values of interim FDG PETCT were obtained using either a Deauville score of 5 2year estimates of EFS 78.0 in PETnegative vs. 35.1 in PETpositive patients, P Conclusions Although the prognostic value of interim FDG PETCT is validated using the Deauville scale in DLBCL, computation of SUV... | {
"m": "Contrasting sources with ‘however’ for emphasis",
"s": "386.79"
} | [
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0.3286326825618744,
2.102360248565674,
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... | [
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0.6280479431152344,
0.12160125374794006,
0.2229936569929123,
-1.2879619598388672,
1.671169638633728,
-0.34628257155418396,
0.... | W154176648 | Result |
The Processing Fluency Theory posits that the ease of sensory information processing in the brain facilitates esthetic pleasure. | {
"m": "Describing the process: typical verbs in the passive form",
"s": "537.25"
} | [
0.8687321543693542,
2.006398916244507,
-3.4330556392669678,
-1.5199147462844849,
0.36781951785087585,
-0.4790515601634979,
0.9545345306396484,
0.1490367352962494,
0.48174533247947693,
0.22176694869995117,
-0.001977291190996766,
0.08933728188276291,
1.982366681098938,
0.8493956923484802,
... | [
1.1428693532943726,
-1.26101553440094,
-1.211352825164795,
-1.3911134004592896,
1.7886601686477661,
-1.4953211545944214,
-0.2896478772163391,
-1.5037716627120972,
-0.4342224895954132,
-0.7181907892227173,
-1.0013753175735474,
0.9086969494819641,
-0.04505949094891548,
0.8131659030914307,
... | W2594229814 | Method |
Accordingly, the theory would predict that master painters should display biases toward visual properties such as symmetry, balance, and moderate complexity. | {
"m": "Advising cautious interpretation of the findings",
"s": "477.25"
} | [
0.0517796091735363,
0.5954566597938538,
-2.9591052532196045,
-1.41066575050354,
0.27368876338005066,
0.48469433188438416,
1.3925552368164062,
0.2386159896850586,
0.5625156760215759,
0.44967418909072876,
0.6697630286216736,
-0.0821944996714592,
2.551631450653076,
1.7466181516647339,
-0.05... | [
1.4948910474777222,
0.5745363235473633,
0.5428341031074524,
0.5435279607772827,
1.0930018424987793,
0.8214345574378967,
0.41832584142684937,
-0.3985767662525177,
2.3642728328704834,
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0.7480267286300659,
0.9008318781852722,
0.04132312536239624,
1.7901555299758911,
1.37... | W2594229814 | Limitations |
Have these biases been occurring and if so, have painters been optimizing these properties fluency variables? | {
"m": "Summarising the literature review",
"s": "514.51"
} | [
0.6822307705879211,
0.15534649789333344,
-3.908036470413208,
-1.174337387084961,
0.4182266294956207,
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1.1741243600845337,
-0.3665739595890045,
-0.30903759598731995,
-0.3383908271789551,
0.1469535529613495,
0.31080785393714905,
2.355064630508423,
1.749794840812683,
-0.2... | [
1.3282341957092285,
-0.264521986246109,
-3.2895514965057373,
-0.28389492630958557,
1.7388358116149902,
0.20324666798114777,
1.0823715925216675,
-1.5287030935287476,
-0.495934396982193,
0.012083138339221478,
0.4665443003177643,
0.15872147679328918,
-0.07307467609643936,
1.1025996208190918,
... | W2594229814 | Other |
Here, we address these questions with statistics of portrait paintings from the Early Renaissance period. | {
"m": "Describing the process: typical verbs in the passive form",
"s": "542.02"
} | [
0.49818992614746094,
1.067245364189148,
-3.9659841060638428,
-0.8987507820129395,
-0.05299539864063263,
0.07221643626689911,
1.8225399255752563,
-0.668124258518219,
0.10023021697998047,
0.5570720434188843,
-0.8981130719184875,
-0.24371254444122314,
2.2481071949005127,
0.0941324308514595,
... | [
0.8055504560470581,
-0.957252025604248,
-1.5876274108886719,
-0.7728331685066223,
0.8881450295448303,
-1.4345989227294922,
2.1498327255249023,
-3.0370070934295654,
-0.21016503870487213,
-0.8244138360023499,
-0.20086154341697693,
1.0358892679214478,
1.431443214416504,
1.2274022102355957,
... | W2594229814 | Method |
To do this, we first developed different computational measures for each of the aforementioned fluency variables. | {
"m": "Giving reasons why a particular method was adopted",
"s": "468.98"
} | [
0.6402726769447327,
0.3918340802192688,
-4.443747520446777,
-1.4546968936920166,
0.707790732383728,
-0.9612757563591003,
0.6598269939422607,
-0.04495750740170479,
-0.4375121295452118,
-0.1247994676232338,
-0.22973330318927765,
0.6276491284370422,
1.9312349557876587,
2.1266114711761475,
-... | [
-0.24214909970760345,
1.6459283828735352,
0.5438480377197266,
-0.30580002069473267,
0.27885326743125916,
-0.8545352220535278,
-0.35969194769859314,
-0.10413286834955215,
1.303700566291809,
0.010311918333172798,
0.6702736616134644,
-0.202381432056427,
2.8650615215301514,
1.0866937637329102,... | W2594229814 | Purpose |
Then, we measured their statistics in 153 portraits from 26 master painters, in 27 photographs of people in three controlled poses, and in 38 quickly snapped photographs of individual persons. | {
"m": "Describing the process: statistical procedures",
"s": "334.93"
} | [
0.10024666786193848,
0.7130918502807617,
-3.555739402770996,
-1.1199239492416382,
0.568622350692749,
-0.4745720624923706,
1.0725712776184082,
0.17833025753498077,
0.13099569082260132,
-0.1575893610715866,
-0.7785021066665649,
-0.7359729409217834,
1.7713775634765625,
0.5639634728431702,
-... | [
-0.10410626977682114,
-0.5110189914703369,
-1.3455784320831299,
-0.8692500591278076,
1.5456757545471191,
-2.7028045654296875,
2.5008254051208496,
-0.8553548455238342,
-0.5991987586021423,
0.129411980509758,
-0.276315838098526,
-0.38243532180786133,
1.8912919759750366,
0.3945680260658264,
... | W2594229814 | Method |
A statistical comparison between Early Renaissance portraits and quickly snapped photographs revealed that painters showed a bias toward balance, symmetry, and moderate complexity. | {
"m": "Describing the process: statistical procedures",
"s": "457.38"
} | [
0.6969176530838013,
0.8096858859062195,
-3.74165940284729,
-1.0691204071044922,
0.5371926426887512,
0.27608612179756165,
1.7804828882217407,
-0.17578189074993134,
0.39596980810165405,
0.2343481332063675,
0.02290763333439827,
-0.7330594658851624,
2.0331037044525146,
1.0551090240478516,
-0... | [
1.4397250413894653,
-0.02899917960166931,
-1.6530174016952515,
-0.7989372611045837,
0.7321743369102478,
-0.635706901550293,
0.9458960294723511,
-0.7231764793395996,
-0.269288033246994,
-1.4141597747802734,
-0.70286625623703,
-0.7338474988937378,
1.1126025915145874,
-0.9695040583610535,
-... | W2594229814 | Method |
However, a comparison between portraits and controlledpose photographs showed that painters did not optimize each of these properties. | {
"m": "Contrasting sources with ‘however’ for emphasis",
"s": "300.66"
} | [
0.6664530038833618,
0.6103302240371704,
-3.491248846054077,
-1.007352590560913,
0.289926677942276,
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1.401078701019287,
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-0.45498642325401306,
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-0.1732049137353897,
-0.7041658163070679,
2.2233622074127197,
1.8273102045059204,
0... | [
1.5185450315475464,
0.7892251014709473,
1.5984288454055786,
-0.3963293433189392,
-1.6335651874542236,
3.0019991397857666,
-0.32376953959465027,
-0.0716860368847847,
0.84820556640625,
0.480890154838562,
2.347275972366333,
-0.6417934894561768,
1.5375268459320068,
-0.2133505642414093,
0.356... | W2594229814 | Result |
Instead, different painters presented biases toward different, narrow ranges of fluency variables. | {
"m": "Reporting positive and negative reactions",
"s": "537.42"
} | [
0.5153772234916687,
0.3833048939704895,
-3.9160709381103516,
-1.4777377843856812,
0.25064969062805176,
0.6137111783027649,
0.6596664190292358,
-0.45832547545433044,
-0.46498218178749084,
-0.3405507206916809,
0.3405163884162903,
0.08456248044967651,
2.8176212310791016,
2.025935173034668,
... | [
1.2520219087600708,
1.0451939105987549,
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-2.1292572021484375,
2.4866693019866943,
-0.3659512400627136,
-0.12070294469594955,
-0.18092022836208344,
0.4317408502101898,
0.15921543538570404,
-0.8512446880340576,
1.4158011674880981,
1.0661834478378296,
1.6141780614852905,
... | W2594229814 | Result |
Further analysis suggested that the painters individuality stemmed in part from having to resolve the tension between complexity vs. symmetry and balance. | {
"m": "Suggesting general hypotheses",
"s": "359.07"
} | [
0.11090255528688431,
1.1489274501800537,
-3.0472371578216553,
-1.9076101779937744,
0.693133533000946,
-0.09993459284305573,
1.2198090553283691,
-0.23011983931064606,
0.3120841681957245,
0.08517865836620331,
-0.7792969346046448,
-0.7582048773765564,
1.8641748428344727,
1.8551963567733765,
... | [
1.4261122941970825,
1.0802733898162842,
0.009033803828060627,
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1.1837058067321777,
-1.1215040683746338,
-0.2092587649822235,
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1.3603131771087646,
0.3724711239337921,
-0.808343231678009,
-0.0003337286179885268,
0.521207332611084,
2.9145314693450928,
... | W2594229814 | Hypothesis |
We additionally found that constraints on the use of different painting materials by distinct painters modulated these fluency variables systematically. | {
"m": "Summarising the results section",
"s": "446.36"
} | [
0.42582768201828003,
0.6136890053749084,
-3.9848194122314453,
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0.75242018699646,
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-0.39971840381622314,
-0.8250983953475952,
-0.19142654538154602,
-0.5262020826339722,
1.6891762018203735,
2.1337409019470215,
0... | [
1.2459853887557983,
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1.1773018836975098,
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0.9252074956893921,
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0.9760348796844482,
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-1.0721733570098877,
0.10997690260410309,
1.0328376293182373,
1.3628135919570923,
-0... | W2594229814 | Result |
In conclusion, the Processing Fluency Theory of Esthetic Pleasure would need expansion if we were to apply it to the history of visual art since it cannot explain the lack of optimization of each fluency variables. | {
"m": "Acknowledging limitation(s) whilst stating a finding or contribution",
"s": "439.76"
} | [
0.35240405797958374,
1.7098026275634766,
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1.2395235300064087,
0.1642429232597351,
0.455484002828598,
0.25518786907196045,
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2.7658562660217285,
1.3953911066055298,
... | [
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0.6478917002677917,
-0.06739785522222519,
0.4655100703239441,
1.2662636041641235,
1.... | W2594229814 | Limitations |
To expand the theory, we propose the existence of a Neuroesthetic Space, which encompasses the possible values that each of the fluency variables can reach in any given art period. | {
"m": "Suggesting general hypotheses",
"s": "547.42"
} | [
0.20179983973503113,
1.1913259029388428,
-3.8333423137664795,
-1.7314919233322144,
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0.022306321188807487,
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0.19699113070964813,
-0.08223249018192291,
0.13509826362133026,
-0.22509765625,
1.7097067832946777,
0.8410239815711975,
0... | [
-0.7822596430778503,
2.4850215911865234,
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0.5096402764320374,
-0.374416321516037,
-0.7043019533157349,
1.174897313117981,
0.8665326237678528,
-0.7372869849205017,
0.8481217622756958,
0.04544896259903908,
1.0662068128585815,
1.8154125213623047,
0.... | W2594229814 | Hypothesis |
We discuss the neural mechanisms of this Space and propose that it has a distributed representation in the human brain. | {
"m": "Establishing the importance of the topic for the discipline",
"s": "593.6"
} | [
1.0167155265808105,
1.8685399293899536,
-3.214289903640747,
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0.5256022810935974,
0.45930248498916626,
0.7349041700363159,
0.02195080928504467,
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-0.13540920615196228,
0.2922525405883789,
1.7822409868240356,
0.7717176675796509,
0... | [
0.8531910181045532,
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1.0998666286468506,
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1.9201982021331787,
1.171783447265625,
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1.4810631275177002,
0... | W2594229814 | Importance |
We further propose that different artists reside in different, small subregions of the Space. | {
"m": "Suggesting general hypotheses",
"s": "543.74"
} | [
-0.19095507264137268,
0.8105106353759766,
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0.1430848389863968,
0.5720335245132446,
1.4603687524795532,
0.7027924656867981,
... | [
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0.21332824230194092,
0.39032119512557983,
0.9117940068244934,
0.18596477806568146,
2.2659084796905518,
... | W2594229814 | Hypothesis |
This NeuroestheticSpace hypothesis raises the question of how painters and their paintings evolve across art periods. | {
"m": "Suggesting general hypotheses",
"s": "498.68"
} | [
0.19182707369327545,
1.0438625812530518,
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2.2043099403381348,
0.995505630970001... | [
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1.2876068353652954,
0.40103447437286377,
1.6227657794952393,
0... | W2594229814 | Hypothesis |
Ugandan coffee industry is facing some serious challenges, including low international prices in the international coffee market, aging coffee trees and declining productivity, and, more recently, the appearance of coffeewilt disease, which have all contributed to the decline in both the quantity and value of coffee ex... | {
"m": "Establishing the importance of the topic for the world or society",
"s": "396.14"
} | [
-0.30461153388023376,
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0.2731013000011444,
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0.7483205795288086,
-0.4273445606231689... | [
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1.044029712677002,
0.35822340846061707,
1... | W1558442051 | Importance |
The government of Uganda, through the Uganda Coffee Development Authority UCDA, in 199394 started a coffeereplanting program to both replace coffee trees that were old or affected by coffeewilt and expand coffee production into other suitable areas in northern and eastern Uganda. | {
"m": "Referring to a single investigation in the past: researcher prominent",
"s": "568.55"
} | [
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1.7380210161209106,
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... | [
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2.1623363494873047,
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1.21600... | W1558442051 | Background |
This program seems to be helping to both combat the industrys problems and reverse the declining trends. | {
"m": "Suggesting general hypotheses",
"s": "356.38"
} | [
-0.5925511717796326,
0.756001353263855,
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0.5845752954483032,
0.2834056317806244,
1.606776237487793,
0.47017866373062134,
1.0... | [
0.007153179030865431,
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1.2760790586471558,
1.250868320465088,
0.1930399388074875,
2.391273260116577,
2.1... | W1558442051 | Hypothesis |
However, the UCDA announced in 2004 that it was withdrawing from the replanting program in the 200405 season it had supported nursery operators and purchased and distributed free seedlings to farmers, so the programs achievements may not last. | {
"m": "Contrasting sources with ‘however’ for emphasis",
"s": "299.33"
} | [
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0.99... | W1558442051 | Result |
This paper estimates the economic returns benefitcost ratio of the coffeereplanting program, particularly replanting with clonal varieties, and analyzes the welfare implications of the decision to withdraw. | {
"m": "Stating the purpose of the thesis, dissertation, or research article (note use of present tense)",
"s": "410.25"
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1... | W1558442051 | Purpose |
We find that the internal rate of return IRR and benefitcost ratio are very high, about 50 percent and 3.7 respectively, suggesting that the replanting program in Uganda is very beneficial to the livelihoods of coffee farmers, the coffee subsector, and the economy as a whole. | {
"m": "Offering an explanation for the findings",
"s": "459.25"
} | [
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-... | W1558442051 | Result |
The largest benefits occur in the central region, where the bulk of coffee is grown, followed by the eastern and western regions. | {
"m": "Transition: moving to the next result",
"s": "531.21"
} | [
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0... | W1558442051 | Result |
The largest return on investment occurs in the eastern region, followed by the central and western regions. | {
"m": "Transition: moving to the next result",
"s": "453.58"
} | [
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... | W1558442051 | Result |
Sensitivity analyses show that the results that is, the net benefits are robust with respect to the assumptions made, including demand and supply elasticities and level of domestic consumption. | {
"m": "Indicating an expected outcome",
"s": "407.09"
} | [
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0... | W1558442051 | Hypothesis |
Although the results are sensitive to farm production costs and coffee yields, the program still improves welfare. | {
"m": "Acknowledging limitation(s) whilst stating a finding or contribution",
"s": "390.91"
} | [
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1.317... | W1558442051 | Limitations |
Taken all together, the results suggest that if the government withdraws from the replanting program without putting place adequate alternative measures to ensure the programs sustainability, welfare will be severely reduced in coffeegrowing areas. | {
"m": "Indicating an expected outcome",
"s": "333.34"
} | [
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0.... | W1558442051 | Hypothesis |
from Authors Abstract | {
"m": "Describing what other writers do in their published work",
"s": "466.17"
} | [
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-0.846423447132110... | W1558442051 | Method |
The neutrino radiation from the sun can give direct information on the basic nuclear fusion processes that provide the solar energy. | {
"m": "Describing the process: typical verbs in the passive form",
"s": "573.94"
} | [
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... | W1658502826 | Method |
Results are reported which have been obtained over the last seven years with the Brookhaven solar neutrino detector that depends upon the neutrino capture reaction, sup 37Cl.. | {
"m": "Surveys and interviews: Introducing excerpts from interview data",
"s": "529.22"
} | [
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... | W1658502826 | Method |
nu.. | {
"m": "Providing background information: reference to the purpose of the study",
"s": "759.94"
} | [
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... | W1658502826 | Background |
,esup sup 37 Ar. | {
"m": "Describing the characteristics of the participants",
"s": "619.11"
} | [
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These results do not agree with the predictions of the standard solar model. | {
"m": "Stating a negative result",
"s": "393.51"
} | [
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... | W1658502826 | Result |
It is of great interest to know whether the lack of agreement between the measurements and theoretical expectation could possibly be explained by a secular variation in the rate of the fusion process. | {
"m": "Making recommendations for further research work",
"s": "500.06"
} | [
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Two radiochemical neutrino detection techniques have been proposed previously that could in principle record the neutrino flux of the past. | {
"m": "Referring to previous work to establish what is already known",
"s": "421.07"
} | [
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-... | W1658502826 | Background |
An analysis of the expected background processes for these experiments is given. | {
"m": "Describing the process: typical verbs in the passive form",
"s": "450.45"
} | [
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... | W1658502826 | Method |
These and other possible methods of recording the past solar neutrino luminosity are discussed in relation to variations expected from theoretical solar models. | {
"m": "Suggesting general hypotheses",
"s": "554.24"
} | [
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2 figures, 6 tables, 36 references. | {
"m": "Referring to data in a table or chart",
"s": "280.12"
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-0.630369901657104... | W1658502826 | Result |
We examined the hypothesis that cystatin C, a novel marker of renal function, is elevated in rheumatoid arthritis RA and is associated with inflammation and coronary atherosclerosis. | {
"m": "Describing the research design and the methods used",
"s": "512.08"
} | [
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1.702435851097107,
2.0961079597473145,
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0.... | [
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... | W2035934024 | Method |
We measured serum cystatin C, creatinine, tumor necrosis factorα and interleukin 6 concentrations, coronary artery calcium score CACS, and Modified Diet in Renal Disease estimated glomerular filtration rate in 167 patients with RA and 91 controls. | {
"m": "Indicating the methodology for the current research",
"s": "402.97"
} | [
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... | W2035934024 | Method |
Cystatin C was higher in RA patients median IQR 1.16 0.991.35 mgl than controls 1.01 0.901.19 mgl p 0.001 and correlated positively with erythrocyte sedimentation rate p 0.001, Creactive protein p 0.01, 28joint Disease Activity Score p 0.006, and Framingham risk score FRS p 0.02. | {
"m": "Summarising the results section",
"s": "447.68"
} | [
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-0... | W2035934024 | Result |
Cystatin C was correlated with CACS p 0.001 in RA, but this was not significant after adjustment for age, race, sex, and FRS p 0.44. | {
"m": "Reporting positive and negative reactions",
"s": "344.74"
} | [
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-0... | W2035934024 | Result |
Cystatin C concentrations are higher in RA than controls and may reflect inflammation and undetected subclinical renal dysfunction. | {
"m": "Suggesting general hypotheses",
"s": "413.34"
} | [
1.361175775527954,
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... | W2035934024 | Hypothesis |
Cystatin C provides information regarding the risk of atherosclerosis in RA, but this is not independent of the information provided by conventional cardiovascular risk factors. | {
"m": "Contrasting sources with ‘however’ for emphasis",
"s": "406.95"
} | [
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1.4... | W2035934024 | Result |
HomeRadiologyVol. | {
"m": "Surveys and interviews: Reporting proportions",
"s": "620.09"
} | [
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0.51... | W1749243881 | Method |
120, No. 3 PreviousNext In MemoriamPaul A. Bishop, M.D18961976W. | {
"m": "Referring to previous work to establish what is already known",
"s": "538.47"
} | [
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0.0300533063709735... | W1749243881 | Background |
J. TuddenhamW. | {
"m": "Describing the characteristics of the participants",
"s": "614.35"
} | [
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0... | W1749243881 | Method |
J. TuddenhamW. | {
"m": "Describing the characteristics of the participants",
"s": "614.35"
} | [
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0... | W1749243881 | Method |
J. TuddenhamPublished OnlineSep 1 1976httpsdoi.org10.1148120.3.745MoreSectionsPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesCiteTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareShare onFacebookXLinked In Article HistoryPublished in print Sept 1976 FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsRecommended Articles RSNA Education Exhibits RSNA Case Collection Vol. | {
"m": "Stating what is currently known about the topic",
"s": "529.14"
} | [
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... | W1749243881 | Background |
120, No. 3 Metrics Altmetric Score PDF download | {
"m": "Describing the process: typical verbs in the passive form",
"s": "584.5"
} | [
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... | W1749243881 | Method |
In Nabokovs works we find homosexuals, unhappy, highly enigmatic people, often associated with the moon, as in The Gift and Pale Fire. | {
"m": "Providing background information: reference to the literature",
"s": "456.37"
} | [
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0.9336826205253601... | W2292887164 | Background |
Nabokov probably drew this metaphor from Rozanovs People of the Moonlight . | {
"m": "Suggesting general hypotheses",
"s": "508.03"
} | [
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... | W2292887164 | Hypothesis |
This essay traces the various references to this metaphor that can be found throughout Nabokovs oeuvre | {
"m": "Synthesising sources: supporting evidence or ideas",
"s": "369.41"
} | [
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This paper proposes a novel networking technology by which the network can be controlled according to the demands of the applications. | {
"m": "Describing the research design and the methods used",
"s": "428.57"
} | [
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1.4... | W1526007965 | Method |
Virtualization and resource management method based on GMPLS enable to independently operate multiple virtual networks upon a common physical network. | {
"m": "Describing the process: using + instrument",
"s": "448.18"
} | [
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... | W1526007965 | Method |
A server called Physical Network Manager PN Manager collects resource and traffic measurement information and constructs the IP topology by setting up optical paths. | {
"m": "Describing the process: typical verbs in the passive form",
"s": "493.36"
} | [
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0.9038892388343811... | W1526007965 | Method |
It provides API in order for Virtual Network Agents VN Agents to design and adapt the virtual network topologies in accordance to the applicationspecific traffic demands. | {
"m": "Describing the process: infinitive of purpose",
"s": "471.19"
} | [
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1.... | W1526007965 | Method |
In this paper, we show a design of a VN Agent that provides a basic set of functions that enables applicationdefined network control. | {
"m": "Setting out the research questions or hypotheses",
"s": "541.8"
} | [
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0.26803... | W1526007965 | Aims |
Through experiment conducted upon a nationwide testbed, we have successfully proven that by VN Agent using the PN Manager API, multiple virtual networks can be independently operated with sufficient performance. | {
"m": "Stating a positive result",
"s": "390.56"
} | [
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... | W1526007965 | Result |
In this paper we propose an Image Analysis technique for Vascular Pattern of Hand Palm, which in turn leads towards Palm Vein Authentication of an individual. | {
"m": "Describing the research design and the methods used",
"s": "504.04"
} | [
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1.3... | W195714422 | Method |
NearInfrared Image of Palm Vein pattern is taken and passed through three different processes or algorithms to process the Infrared Image in such a way that the future authentication can be done accurately or almost exactly. | {
"m": "Describing the process: sequence words",
"s": "380.4"
} | [
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-1... | W195714422 | Method |
These three different processes are a. Vascular Pattern Marker Algorithm VPMA b. Vascular Pattern Extractor Algorithm VPEA and c. Vascular Pattern Thinning Algorithm VPTA. | {
"m": "Describing questionnaire design",
"s": "479.36"
} | [
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-2.035795... | W195714422 | Method |