sentences stringlengths 1 6.19k | matches dict | sem_embed listlengths 768 768 | rhet_embedding listlengths 768 768 | aid stringlengths 7 11 | Category stringclasses 13
values |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Americans refused to adopt the judicial attire of the British after independence. | {
"m": "Giving reasons why a particular method was rejected",
"s": "494.84"
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... | W1516260645 | Purpose |
Almost all countries in the Indian subcontinent are in debt to the British for the development of their jurisprudence including dress code. | {
"m": "Establising the importance of the topic as a problem to be addressed",
"s": "512.78"
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1... | W1516260645 | Importance |
Even, the British has relaxed wearing judicial costumes but these countries including Bangladesh have slight headache to suit the dress code for lawyers as per climatic conformity and culture even after the departure of the British. | {
"m": "Suggesting general hypotheses",
"s": "420.82"
} | [
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India has modified dress code for lawyers to a tiny extent but the practice is still like colonized India reminding silent domination of the British. | {
"m": "Describing the process: typical verbs in the passive form",
"s": "512.35"
} | [
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This write up is a venture to explore the historical chronicles of the judicial attire across the world and theirs recent changing trends and practices with a view to seek a meaningful transformation in Bangladesh. | {
"m": "Stating the aims of the current research (note frequent use of past tense)",
"s": "344.64"
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... | W1516260645 | Hypothesis |
Journal of Social IssuesVolume 19, Issue 2 p. 3150 On SuperPatriotism A Definition and Analysis1 Richard Schmuck, Richard SchmuckSearch for more papers by this authorMark Chesler, Mark CheslerSearch for more papers by this author Richard Schmuck, Richard SchmuckSearch for more papers by this authorMark Chesler, Mark Ch... | {
"m": "Summarising the studies reviewed",
"s": "511.71"
} | [
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0.57201325893402... | W2012395965 | Method |
AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare fulltext accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share fulltext version of article. | {
"m": "Explaining the provenance of articles for review",
"s": "435.38"
} | [
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... | W2012395965 | Method |
I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a fulltext version of this article with your friends and colleagues. | {
"m": "Referring to the literature to justify a method or approach ",
"s": "596.55"
} | [
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... | W2012395965 | Purpose |
Learn more. | {
"m": "Suggesting implications for what is already known",
"s": "606.42"
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2... | W2012395965 | Implications |
Copy URL Citing Literature Volume19, Issue2April 1963Pages 3150 RelatedInformation | {
"m": "Explaining the provenance of articles for review",
"s": "418.84"
} | [
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CAIRNS, NANCY U., and STEWARD, MARGARET S. Young Childrens Orientation of Letters as a Function of Axis of Symmetry and Stimulus Alignment. | {
"m": "Describing the characteristics of the participants",
"s": "455.16"
} | [
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CHILD DEVELOPMENT, 1970, 41, 9931002. | {
"m": "Describing the characteristics of the participants",
"s": "627.26"
} | [
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The effects of axis of symmetry and relative position of stimuli were examined by means of a letterorientation task administered to 60 children 4, 5, and 6 years of age. | {
"m": "Describing the process: typical verbs in the passive form",
"s": "420.34"
} | [
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... | W1967973041 | Method |
Subject variables examined were age and eyehand dominance mixed vs. unilateral established. | {
"m": "Describing the characteristics of the participants",
"s": "441.65"
} | [
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... | W1967973041 | Method |
Leftright awareness and knowledge of names of stimulus letters were found to correlate with error scores. | {
"m": "Reporting positive and negative reactions",
"s": "430.32"
} | [
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... | W1967973041 | Result |
Significant effects were found for age, axis, axis x age, axis x position, and age x axis X position. | {
"m": "Summarising the results section",
"s": "474.54"
} | [
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... | W1967973041 | Result |
The results were discussed in terms of implications for reading? | {
"m": "Suggesting general hypotheses",
"s": "460.16"
} | [
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0... | W1967973041 | Hypothesis |
A population of 6,027 men 45 or more years of age was screened every 6 months for 10 years with chest photofluorograms and questionnaires regarding symptoms. | {
"m": "Describing questionnaire design",
"s": "372.07"
} | [
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1.5796691179275513,... | W1911287818 | Method |
Although volunteers, they were similar to older men in the general population with respect to age, race, and smoking habits. | {
"m": "Suggesting general hypotheses",
"s": "538.36"
} | [
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... | [
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... | W1911287818 | Hypothesis |
Of 121 men who developed lung cancer after the beginning of observation, 48 had neoplasms appearing as round lesions at the time of radiographic detection. | {
"m": "Surveys and interviews: Reporting response rates",
"s": "479.79"
} | [
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... | W1911287818 | Method |
Only 8 per cent of the 48 men survived 5 years or more, a rate identical to that of men in whom cancer first appeared in some other form. | {
"m": "Highlighting interesting or surprising results",
"s": "367.65"
} | [
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1.1697850227355957,
-0.027995221316814423... | W1911287818 | Result |
There was an inverse relationship between initial size of the cancer and survival. | {
"m": "Describing the process: typical verbs in the passive form",
"s": "391.85"
} | [
1.149143934249878,
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... | [
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0.... | W1911287818 | Method |
Two thirds of the tumors were squamous cell carcinomas. | {
"m": "Restating a result or one of several results",
"s": "504.89"
} | [
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... | [
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1.146077275276184,
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... | W1911287818 | Result |
Comparison with the literature suggests that selection accounts for the favorable prognosis of round lung cancers in hospitalbased series. | {
"m": "Comparing the result: supporting previous findings",
"s": "351.69"
} | [
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-0.01983880624175071... | [
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1.578199863433838,
-0.... | W1911287818 | Result |
Spherically curved glass panels are used to concentrate solar energy onto a line focus in fixed mirror distributed focus type solar collectors. | {
"m": "Describing the process: typical verbs in the passive form",
"s": "380.59"
} | [
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1.1067419052124023,
0.9467097520828247,
... | W1538094208 | Method |
These solar panels consists of thin flat glass plates bent to form a spherical surface, glued onto a paper honeycomb backing, and covered with steel plate at the back and with plastic strips on the sides. | {
"m": "Describing the characteristics of the participants",
"s": "378.75"
} | [
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0.784072995185852,
-1.... | W1538094208 | Method |
Stresses are produced in the glass plates as they are formed into spherical surfaces. | {
"m": "Describing the process: typical verbs in the passive form",
"s": "305.02"
} | [
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1.2424675226211548,
-0... | W1538094208 | Method |
In addition, when the solar receiver is not in focus relative to the bowl and the sun, a mirror hot spot condition is developed, resulting in large thermally induced stresses within glass plates. | {
"m": "Indicating methodological problems or limitations",
"s": "434.37"
} | [
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2.6594936847686768,
0.8763467669487,
1.0494213104248047,
-0.3... | W1538094208 | Limitations |
The curved glass panel is modeled as a plate on elastic foundation in order to represent the behavior of the plate in relation to other panel components. | {
"m": "Describing the process: typical verbs in the passive form",
"s": "354.37"
} | [
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1.561003565788269,
... | W1538094208 | Method |
Since lateral deflections of these plates are large compared to their thickness, nonlinear von Karman plate equations are used in the analysis. | {
"m": "Giving reasons why a particular method was adopted",
"s": "338.91"
} | [
2.3577239513397217,
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1.3514559268951416,
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A computer model has been prepared to assist in the nonlinear analysis of stresses using finite difference method. | {
"m": "Stating the purpose of the thesis, dissertation, or research article (note use of present tense)",
"s": "483.03"
} | [
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-0.0709839537739753... | [
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0.4947209060192108,
0.7503470182418823,... | W1538094208 | Purpose |
The model has flexibility to analyze a variety of rectangular plate geometries subjected to thermal and other applied loads. | {
"m": "Describing the process: typical verbs in the passive form",
"s": "534.83"
} | [
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0.... | W1538094208 | Method |
Efficient management of working capital means management of various components of working capital in such a way that an adequate amount of working capital is maintained for smooth running of a firm and for fulfilment of twin objectives of liquidity and profitability. | {
"m": "Describing the process: infinitive of purpose",
"s": "488.11"
} | [
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... | [
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... | W2282236722 | Method |
Also it is the most crucial factor for survival and solvency of a concern. | {
"m": "Establising the importance of the topic as a problem to be addressed",
"s": "282.63"
} | [
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1.0481475591659546,
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1.3382562398910522,
0.7... | W2282236722 | Importance |
The present paper attempts to measure the efficiency of working capital of firms in Healthcare Sector in India. | {
"m": "Stating the purpose of the thesis, dissertation, or research article (note use of present tense)",
"s": "381.52"
} | [
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-1.4830838441848755... | W2282236722 | Purpose |
The study reveals that most of the firms of this sector have efficiently managed their current assets for the purpose of generation of sales. | {
"m": "Surveys and interviews: Reporting proportions",
"s": "502.43"
} | [
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0.1582489013671875,
0... | W2282236722 | Method |
Further more efficient management of working capital has a positive effect on Income to Average total assets. | {
"m": "Suggesting implications for what is already known",
"s": "461.37"
} | [
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1.581002116203308,
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1... | W2282236722 | Implications |
Abstract Differentialdifference equations are solved using a numerical procedure for inverting Laplace transforms. | {
"m": "Describing the process: using + instrument",
"s": "302.88"
} | [
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... | [
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1.3470368385314941,
0.37029439210891724,... | W1509667547 | Method |
The study may be of interest to con trol and circuit engineers and to numerical ana lysts. | {
"m": "Giving reasons for personal interest in the research (sometimes found in the humanities, and the applied human sciences)",
"s": "567.78"
} | [
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... | W1509667547 | Purpose |
These methods are also useful in treating wide classes of equations arising in biology, chemistry, and operational research. | {
"m": "Suggesting implications for what is already known",
"s": "481.22"
} | [
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... | W1509667547 | Implications |
Author | {
"m": "Referring to a single investigation in the past: researcher prominent",
"s": "435.93"
} | [
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... | W1509667547 | Background |
Researchers with Lockheed Missiles and Space Company LMSC have demonstrated a new environmentally safe method that uses a naturally occurring seawater microbe, powdered clay, and fertilizer to contain and break down oil spills. | {
"m": "Some ways of introducing quotations",
"s": "475.08"
} | [
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1.... | W206543521 | Result |
The philosophy is to accelerate nature and use natural organisms to break down the oil. | {
"m": "Describing the process: infinitive of purpose",
"s": "353.58"
} | [
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0.... | W206543521 | Method |
While the concept of using oileating microbes is not new, this process involves applying a powdered clay, called PetroLock, to the slick to coagulate the oil and prevent it from sinking. | {
"m": "Synthesising sources: contrasting evidence or ideas",
"s": "508.62"
} | [
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... | W206543521 | Uncertainty |
The microbe, MarineD, is applied with a nitrogenbased fertilizer to begin digesting the oil. | {
"m": "Describing the process: typical verbs in the passive form",
"s": "360.29"
} | [
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... | W206543521 | Method |
The fertilizer provides nutrients for the microbes, which secrete a fatty acid that can be eaten by plankton. | {
"m": "Describing the process: typical verbs in the passive form",
"s": "447.35"
} | [
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0.2... | W206543521 | Method |
When the microbes have digested all of the oil, they die, sink to the ocean floor, and decompose. | {
"m": "Describing the process: typical verbs in the passive form",
"s": "416.85"
} | [
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0.4814593195915222,... | W206543521 | Method |
Bench and large scale testing results indicate that the microbes digest about 75 of the oil after 36 days. | {
"m": "Stating a positive result",
"s": "327.58"
} | [
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1... | W206543521 | Result |
Further testing will incorporate wave action and will simulate deepwater and beach conditions. | {
"m": "Suggestions for future work",
"s": "450.74"
} | [
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1.... | W206543521 | Reccomendations |
A measure is presented which indicates the similarity of clusters which are assumed to have a data density which is a decreasing function of distance from a vector characteristic of the cluster. | {
"m": "Describing the characteristics of the participants",
"s": "431.91"
} | [
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0.7809470891952515,... | W2051224630 | Method |
The measure can be used to infer the appropriateness of data partitions and can therefore be used to compare relative appropriateness of various divisions of the data. | {
"m": "Suggesting general hypotheses",
"s": "433.74"
} | [
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... | W2051224630 | Hypothesis |
The measure does not depend on either the number of clusters analyzed nor the method of partitioning of the data and can be used to guide a cluster seeking algorithm. | {
"m": "Acknowledging limitation(s) whilst stating a finding or contribution",
"s": "511.05"
} | [
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-0.03307230025529861... | W2051224630 | Limitations |
Purpose Publicprivate partnerships PPPs require the analysis and allocation of a broad spectrum of risks which are considered more complex than in traditional construction contracts. | {
"m": "Describing the process: expressing purpose with for",
"s": "377.79"
} | [
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... | W2090478407 | Method |
Traditional risk management techniques tend to ignore the managers ability to recognize and exploit opportunities, which arise as uncertainties are resolved over time and which could potentially increase the projects value. | {
"m": "Explaining keywords (also refer to Defining Terms)",
"s": "470.68"
} | [
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0.57404... | W2090478407 | Keywords |
Therefore it is necessary that the risk management process takes account of the managerial flexibility e.g. real options. | {
"m": "Advising cautious interpretation of the findings",
"s": "468.5"
} | [
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The objective of this paper is to explore the possibilities and rationale for implementing real options strategies in the risk management process. | {
"m": "Stating the aims of the current research (note frequent use of past tense)",
"s": "420.16"
} | [
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Designmethodologyapproach The approach is based on a literature analysis aimed at identifying key risks and related mitigation strategies and on real option theory in order to model these strategies as managerial flexibilities that naturally exist or are built artificially in contractual conditions and clauses, guarant... | {
"m": "Giving reasons why a particular method was adopted",
"s": "484.12"
} | [
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The latter is expressed over the project phases conditioned to the natural evolution of risks over time. | {
"m": "Describing the process: typical verbs in the passive form",
"s": "327.15"
} | [
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... | [
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1.2837175130844116,
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1.6135612726211548,... | W2090478407 | Method |
Originalityvalue This paper proposes a new dynamic risk management approach for PPP projects based on real options that improves the traditional risk management techniques by supporting the decision makers in finding a costeffective combination of real options or forms of flexibility to embed in a PPP investment in ord... | {
"m": "Describing the research design and the methods used",
"s": "449.75"
} | [
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... | [
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1.05... | W2090478407 | Method |
This paper presents a novel approach to formally prove the equivalence of lowlevel hardwaredependent programs. | {
"m": "Explaining the significance of the current study",
"s": "438.62"
} | [
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0.768948197364807... | [
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... | W1527908115 | Importance |
Inspired by hardware verification techniques, a software miter is created that compares the behaviors of two programs, taking into account the interfaces between the software and the hardware environments. | {
"m": "Giving reasons for personal interest in the research (sometimes found in the humanities, and the applied human sciences)",
"s": "524.98"
} | [
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2.1166186332702637,
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2.558659553527832,
... | W1527908115 | Purpose |
Two programs are considered equivalent if they produce the same outputs for the same input assignments and also exhibit the same sequences of interactions with the relevant hardware peripherals. | {
"m": "Transition: moving to the next result",
"s": "531.8"
} | [
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... | W1527908115 | Result |
This motivates a hardwaredependent computational model combining a pathoriented program view, as is common in hardwareindependent software verification, with a structural hardware representation of the programs computation. | {
"m": "Giving reasons for personal interest in the research (sometimes found in the humanities, and the applied human sciences)",
"s": "518.85"
} | [
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... | W1527908115 | Purpose |
Experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed technique for industrial lowlevel software in important equivalence checking scenarios such as code porting and automatedmanual code transformations. | {
"m": "Pointing out interesting or important findings",
"s": "453.42"
} | [
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0.93... | W1527908115 | Result |
Climate is undergoing a constant deterioration at a very alarming rate. | {
"m": "Establising the importance of the topic as a problem to be addressed",
"s": "559.79"
} | [
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1.0435868501663208,
1.5... | [
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... | W4388710805 | Importance |
Masud et al. 2016 observe that despite very little contribution to climate degradation, poorer countries are more affected by climate change than developed countries. | {
"m": "Synthesising sources: contrasting evidence or ideas",
"s": "510.03"
} | [
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0.03404479846358299,
... | W4388710805 | Uncertainty |
Pakistan is placed at number six among the most affected countries by climate change. | {
"m": "Transition: moving to the next result",
"s": "519.92"
} | [
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1.4052... | [
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1.2004621028900146,
-0.34689655900001526,... | W4388710805 | Result |
IPI Global Observatory reported in its recent findings that Pakistan is a contributor of 0.3 of emissions and yet disproportionality far more affected by climate adversities in the form of annual floods, heat waves, extreme weather conditions, and smog. | {
"m": "Describing what other writers do in their published work",
"s": "489.2"
} | [
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0.85... | [
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0.12142866104841232,
0.5224320292472839,
0.9416850805282593,
... | W4388710805 | Method |
The worst form of air pollution, called smog, has been haunting Pakistans major cities for years. | {
"m": "Establising the importance of the topic as a problem to be addressed",
"s": "525.3"
} | [
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1.9743648767471313,
0.16777892410755157,
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1.4205771684646606,
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... | W4388710805 | Importance |
Lahore, a provisional capital of Punjab, has topped the list of most polluted cities in the world consistently in years 2021, 2022, and 2023 due to the worst situation of smog. | {
"m": "Pointing out interesting or important findings",
"s": "521.8"
} | [
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... | [
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1.5571638345718384,
0.28684425354003906... | W4388710805 | Result |
The role of media is integral in this regard. | {
"m": "Establising the importance of the topic as a problem to be addressed",
"s": "310.63"
} | [
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1.5375667810440063,
1.4512906074523926,
... | [
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0.41458120942115784,
1.3946205377578735,
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1.5996994972229004,
... | W4388710805 | Importance |
This study explores the role of social media campaigns in creating awareness about smog and encouraging sustainable behaviors. | {
"m": "Stating the focus, aim, or argument of a short paper",
"s": "348.88"
} | [
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0.03511617332696915,
1.9543914794921875,
1.9738742113113403,
0.43... | [
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1.8079754114151,
0.7669899463653564,
1.4949615001678467,
-0.38964903354644775... | W4388710805 | Hypothesis |
The survey method has been used to collect data from 150 university students. | {
"m": "Surveys and interviews: Reporting proportions",
"s": "537.77"
} | [
-0.6160526275634766,
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1.5589908361434937,
0.07774022221565247,
-... | [
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-0.2734192907810... | W4388710805 | Method |
The findings of the study reveal that social media can be best harnessed to cope with smog or other climaterelated issues through a wellstructured and targetoriented strategy of climate communication. | {
"m": "Summarising the main research findings",
"s": "421.41"
} | [
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1.440824747085571... | [
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0.9... | W4388710805 | Result |
1 A. Herrmann, M. Hofmann, S. Leutwyler, E. Schumacher, and L. Woste, Chem. | {
"m": "Describing the characteristics of the participants",
"s": "509.62"
} | [
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0.10534952580928802,
0.5397677421569824,
1.1916872262954712,
0.2114883810281753... | [
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1.2230368852615356,
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0.007617764640599489... | W1521909422 | Method |
Phys. | {
"m": "Describing the characteristics of the participants",
"s": "705.62"
} | [
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-... | [
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2.590096950531006,
0.6040123701095581,
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... | W1521909422 | Method |
Lett. | {
"m": "Stating a negative result",
"s": "679.67"
} | [
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... | [
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2.2499797344207764,
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... | W1521909422 | Result |
62, 216 1979. | {
"m": "Describing the characteristics of the participants",
"s": "661.47"
} | [
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1.0378762483596802,
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... | [
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-0.774154782295227... | W1521909422 | Method |
2 R. L. Martin and E. R. Davidson, Mol. | {
"m": "Describing the characteristics of the participants",
"s": "530.75"
} | [
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Phys. | {
"m": "Describing the characteristics of the participants",
"s": "705.62"
} | [
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... | W1521909422 | Method |
35, 1713 1978. | {
"m": "Establishing the importance of the topic for the discipline: time frame given",
"s": "612.33"
} | [
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1.... | [
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... | W1521909422 | Importance |
Although greenhouse gas emissions from each small business are usually relatively small, the collective emissions from small and mediumsized enterprises SMEs are significant due to their relatively large numbers. | {
"m": "Suggesting general hypotheses",
"s": "373.6"
} | [
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1.251... | [
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0.8... | W1607264861 | Hypothesis |
A number of different approaches have been used for assisting SMEs in making energy efficiency improvements in recent years. | {
"m": "Referring to previous work to establish what is already known",
"s": "426.37"
} | [
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... | W1607264861 | Background |
Some of these are more successful than others in instigating actions, but a lack of reporting and measuring standards make it difficult to assess their relative effectiveness. | {
"m": "Suggesting general hypotheses",
"s": "427.86"
} | [
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0.4... | W1607264861 | Hypothesis |
In 20078, the Southern Metropolitan Regional Council reported great success with its Climate Actions project which engaged SMEs using the Facilitative Walkthrough Approach FWA. | {
"m": "Referring to a single investigation in the past: investigation prominent",
"s": "526.13"
} | [
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0... | W1607264861 | Background |
This dissertation is a review of the FWA to ascertain how effective it was in instigating energy efficiency changes in the target businesses. | {
"m": "Outlining the structure of a short paper",
"s": "423.82"
} | [
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-1.5522985458374023... | W1607264861 | Other |
As part of the research, major barriers facing SMEs and the common approaches of engagement were identified. | {
"m": "Referring back to the research aims or procedures",
"s": "444.6"
} | [
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... | W1607264861 | Aims |
A set of universal Indicators of Success was developed to aid the objective evaluation of the FWA. | {
"m": "Describing the research design and the methods used",
"s": "502.71"
} | [
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0.9... | [
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... | W1607264861 | Method |
The research found that the FWA, as implemented in the Climate Actions project, was very effective in instigating behavioural, low to mediumcost technology and cultural changes in the surveyed SMEs. | {
"m": "Summarising the results section",
"s": "379.97"
} | [
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0.5... | [
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... | W1607264861 | Result |
However, the micro to smallSMEs were reluctant to make highcost technology changes as the cost barrier remained a major impediment. | {
"m": "Indicating methodological problems or limitations",
"s": "492.86"
} | [
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1.... | [
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-0.6536... | W1607264861 | Limitations |
Facilitation and relationship building were instrumental in bringing about technology and cultural changes, whereas the facetoface conversations and walkthrough audit were important strategies, which worked in tandem to break down the barriers to behavioural changes. | {
"m": "Commenting on the findings",
"s": "586.85"
} | [
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... | [
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1.48... | W1607264861 | Result |
With some modification, or a shift in the emphasis in strategy implementation, the FWA can be easily adapted to other audiences. | {
"m": "Implications and/or recommendations for practice or policy",
"s": "461.35"
} | [
-0.6564257740974426,
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0.2795296311378479,
-1.0270417928695679,
1.4842954874038696,
1.7200310230255127,
1.27... | [
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1.4614588022232056,
... | W1607264861 | Reccomendations |
An adapted FWA can be applied to a large business or to the residential sector. | {
"m": "Restating a result or one of several results",
"s": "502.53"
} | [
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0.... | [
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0.8429542183876038,
0.1424698531627655,
0.9797831177711487,
1.3893... | W1607264861 | Result |
New combinations of certain successful strategies may also be used in future projects. | {
"m": "Suggestions for future work",
"s": "463.14"
} | [
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1.4829987287521362,
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... | W1607264861 | Reccomendations |
With the longawaited government policy focus again shifted toward business energy efficiency, the time has come for the development of really effective programs to assist this hardtoreach sector. | {
"m": "Making recommendations for further research work",
"s": "511.32"
} | [
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1.2607088088989258,
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0.20726455748081207,... | [
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0.... | W1607264861 | Reccomendations |
Objective evaluation of the various approaches and the identification of successful strategies will help to achieve this aim, and ensure that public money and efforts are well spent, by applying them to the most promising initiatives and approaches. | {
"m": "Implications and/or recommendations for practice or policy",
"s": "339.23"
} | [
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The technique use data and the results of the industrial experiment dealing with the research how the feelingbuncher machine operator work duration influences on the productivity and degree of forest undergrowth preservation and other trees safety are given in the article. | {
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The conclusions about the necessity of some changes bringing in the lumbering machine operator organizational work are drawn. | {
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Art and Photography is the first book of its kind to survey the major presence of photography at the centre of artistic practice from the 1960s onwards. | {
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On its invention, the photograph was considered a purely mechanical, an artless object that could not be included in the fine arts. | {
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