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The first study was completed with seventeen volunteer walk leaders and used a mixed methods design: hillwalking interviews, physical activity measurements, location data and the Nature-relatedness scale. The second study involved five group interviews with the total of twenty-five guests on three different walking ho... |
Primary motivations for hillwalking included pleasure, escape from everyday life pressures, to re-charge, being in nature, social inclusion and health. Emerging overarching themes such as balance and adaptation were reported as essential values for walking and were linked to nutritional, physical activity related and ... |
The pleasure arising from several aspects of hillwalking or walk leading was the drive for regular engagement, therefore a primary intrinsic motivation. The results imply that attending group walking holidays has the scope to increase environmental awareness and engagement in outdoor physical activity and could be con... |
The findings have the scope to inform future walking promotion programs and encourage long-term engagement by shifting the focus of promotion messages to intrinsic motivational factors. The results support that hillwalking can be used as a tool for combined health and environmental awareness promotion. |
LCRD optical ground station 1 |
NASA's Laser Communications Relay Demonstration (LCRD) will demonstrate and study bi-directional space-to-ground optical links. Optical Ground Station 1 (OGS-1) for LCRD will be developed at the Optical Communications Telescope Laboratory (OCTL), a 1-meter telescope in the San Gabriel Mountains northeast of the Jet Pro... |
This study was aimed to understand the mechanism of persistent cardiac myocyte (CM) survival in myocardial infarction (MI) scars. A transmural MI was induced in 12-month-old Sprague–Dawley rats by permanent coronary artery ligation. The hearts were collected 3 days, 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks after MI and evaluated with ... |
A huge population of the world is affected with diabetes. Diabetes have become one of the most commonly witnessed diseases or disorder. There are only control measures and there is no actual treatment for Diabetes. It is caused due to genetic / inheritance or autoimmune diseases. Uncontrolled diet could also be a cause... |
Manufacturing Message Specification (MMS) protocol is widely used in IEC 61850-based substations to improve process automation. However, it could be vulnerable to various cyber threats. A common defense solution is to deploy intrusion detection systems (IDSes) to analyze network traffic for anomalies. However, several ... |
Recently, monitoring queries are getting attention for various real-life applications such as safety, security, and personalization services. This work proposes a distributed sensing and monitoring technique (called Sleepwalk) for continuous range queries with energy- and computation-efficient optimizations. In our sch... |
Abstract We propose a simple method to control the size of nanoparticle generated by spark discharge. Nanoparticle characteristics are of importance for numerous applications. Property control can lead to desired applications. The spark discharge method can generate nanoparticles of high purity with ease. A pin-to-plat... |
The maximum independent set problem is of central importance combinatorial optimization problem. It has many practical applications in science and engineering. In this paper, we propose a genetic algorithm based approach to solve the problem. In the proposed approach, the genetic operators are performed basing on condi... |
In this work, we present a detailed investigation of the electrical characteristics of 3D Gate-All-Around (GAA) Silicon nanowire (down to 6nm-diameter) SONOS memories compared to standard planar SONOS devices. In particular, by means of TCAD simulations, the write, erase and retention characteristics under uniform FN s... |
The possibility of communicating directly to large numbers of neurons in the central and peripheral nervous system using new types of microelectrode arrays has motivated the exploration of this technology as a means to restore sensory and/or motor function in those who have lost these functions due to disease or trauma... |
Aging wastewater collection and treatment systems have not received as much attention as other forms of infrastructure, even though they are vital to public health, economic growth, and environmental quality. Inflow and infiltration (I&I) are among potentially widespread problems facing central sewage collection and tr... |
The process of metastasis requires a metastatic cancer cell to invade a variety of micro-environments of variable stiffnesses. Unlike metastatic cells, normal cell function and viability is dependent on the stiffness of the environment and used as a cue to maintain cell health and proper tissue organization. In this st... |
The extracellular matrix glycoprotein tenascin is concentrated in both the embryo and adult in regions where cell motility is taking place. For example, during avian neural crest morphogenesis tenascin is concentrated in the rostral half of the sclerotome, precisely where the neural crest cells themselves are found. Pr... |
Kazuko Suzuki’s book compares Korean diaspora communities in Japan and the United States with an emphasis on what she considers a “vastly under-examined marginal group” (p. xxiii). The original plan for her research was also to include Korean communities in Russia. However, this third component was abandoned as a resul... |
The advent of enclosed arrays has provided an opportunity to bring into APL previously extra-lingual objects such as tokenstrings, packages and functions. By doing so a more formal and rigorous definition of APL is achieved. Within this definition many simplifications are possible, including the subsuming of workspaces... |
Hawaii is more important in health care that its size suggests. It is the first state in the U.S. to have mandated employer-funded health insurance for all workers, and to realize near universal coverage for residents. Because of that, the U.S. can benefit from the experience of those who deliver health services to the... |
The editor for this issue have assigned me the task of assessing the role of Roy Honeycutt as a biblical scholar. I am grateful for the assignment, and I will try to evaluate his work in biblical study. Although it seems clear to me that his published work was secondary to his roles as preacher, teacher, and administra... |
BACKGROUND: During noninvasive ventilation (NIV) of COPD patients, delayed off-cycling of pressure support can cause patient ventilator mismatch and NIV failure. This systematic experimental study analyzes the effects of varying cycling criteria on patient-ventilator interaction. METHODS: A lung simulator with COPD set... |
Notch signaling dysregulation plays an important role in altering cancer cell behaviors; however, its role in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains controversial. This study aimed to investigate the role of Notch signaling related genes in human OSCC using a meta-analysis of Gene Expression Omnibus database (GEO-... |
: Since the appearance of the Internet of Things concept the research community has been focused on how to allow an efficient communication and data analysis of millions of devices connected to Internet. However, the current efforts have not enough in order to cover the IoT requirements and challenges. In recent years, ... |
The sera of 172 HL-A typed subjects immunized mostly by multiple transfusions were studied and the specificities of the produced HL-A antibodies were determined. The probability of non-response against an antigen cross reacting with an antigen of the immunized subject was calculated by the use of Bayes’ method. A lower... |
The comparison of one part of the material studied with the platelet complement fixation test, to another part studied with the lymphocytotoxicity technique suggested that the specific inhibition of antibody production was not complete but that such a situation only decreased the frequency and intensity of the response... |
A study of the co-occurrence of various HL-A specificities in the immune sera lead to a similar but somewhat broader description of the CREG.Doppler Compensation by Using Dual Antenna for Mobile OFDM Systems |
The performance of OFDM systems is compromised in mobile environments due to Doppler spreading. In this paper, we investigate how Doppler spreading due to the mobility of the receiver can be mitigated by using dual antenna. In this context, we propose two simple antenna combining schemes, namely, simple beamforming (SB... |
The Guiding Principles on Shared Responsibility aim to ‘substantiate the existing rules of the law of international responsibility’ as they are codified in the International Law Commission’s 2001 Articles on the Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts and the 2011 Articles on the Responsibility of I... |
The study examines the prevalence of and factors associated with maternal health care service utilization among married adolescents in Bangladesh using the 2004 Demographic and Health Survey data. The findings of the study suggest that safe motherhood practices among adolescents are poor. Although 52.5 percent of the a... |
The coherent quantum coupling of carriers in vertically stacked asymmetric pairs of quantum dots in applied electric fields manifests itself in rich photoluminescence spectral patterns of level crossings and anticrossings. These patterns arise from configurations of charges and spins in optically excited coupled quantu... |
Hormonal growth promoters (e.g., growth hormone [GH], beta-adrenergic agonists, steroids), which improve growth rate and/or lean:fat ratios in the carcass, have received considerable adverse publicity and are either banned or have no licence for their use in the EC. This has led to the development of a number of techni... |
BACKGROUND |
Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection leads to a progressive decline in CD4+ T-lymphocyte (CD4) cells. Initiation of prophylaxis against Opportunistic infections in adults (CD4% used for children) and antiretroviral therapy is usually based on CD4 cell counts, but CD4 cell counts measurement is not affo... |
OBJECTIVE |
To examine whether total lymphocyte counts (TLC) may be used as proxies for low CD4 cell counts. |
DESIGN |
Cross-sectional at baseline when women were pregnant and at least six months postpartum. |
METHODS |
1,078 HIV-1-infected pregnant women from Dar es Salaam, Tanzania were enrolled in a randomized clinical trial. A series of receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves were created at baseline and at least 6 months postpartum and among women in WHO Stage 3 and above. The sensitivity and specificity of TLC and hemoglob... |
RESULTS |
TLC was not a good predictor of low CD4 cell counts during pregnancy or at least six months postpartum as exhibited by low ROC Area Under the Curve (AUCs) of .57 and .62 respectively. No other variable had the ability to predict CD4 < 200 cells/mm3. |
CONCLUSIONS |
The use of TLC as a proxy for the estimation of low CD4 cell counts in a population of HIV-1-infected adults from sub-Saharan Africa was not substantiated. Inexpensive methods to quantify CD4 cell counts in Africa are needed.[Vocational guidance of high school students with limitations in occupational fitness]. |
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