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neanderthals_vitamin_C_diet/Neanderthal_0_185.txt | iens were replaced by Neanderthals until returning about 40,000 years ago. This identification was refuted by a 2020 study. Archaeological evidence suggests that Neanderthals displaced modern humans in the Near East around 100,000 years ago until about 60–50,000 years ago.
Historically, modern human technology was view... |
neanderthals_vitamin_C_diet/Neanderthal_0_103.txt | -three red deer, six ibexes, three aurochs, and one roe deer appear to have been hunted in a single autumn hunting season, when strong male and female deer herds would group together for rut. The entire carcasses seem to have been transported to the cave and then butchered. Because this is such a large amount of food t... |
neanderthals_vitamin_C_diet/Human_10_0.txt | Notes
^ The world population and population density statistics are updated automatically from a template that uses the CIA World Factbook and United Nations World Population Prospects.
^ Cities with over 10 million inhabitants as of 2018.
^ Traditionally this has been explained by conflicting evolutionary pressures i... |
neanderthals_vitamin_C_diet/Human_7_13.txt | or no identity with any religion.
Science and philosophy
Main articles: Science and Philosophy
The Dunhuang map, a star map showing the North Polar region. China circa 700.
An aspect unique to humans is their ability to transmit knowledge from one generation to the next and to continually build on this information to... |
neanderthals_vitamin_C_diet/Neanderthal_5_82.txt | ints. Individuals with severe head and rib traumas (which would have caused massive blood loss) indicate they had some manner of dressing major wounds, such as bandages made from animal skin. By and large, they appear to have avoided severe infections, indicating good long-term treatment of such wounds.
Their knowledge... |
neanderthals_vitamin_C_diet/Vitamin_C_0_73.txt | flour and were surprised when scurvy resulted instead of beriberi. Unknown at that time, this species did not make its own vitamin C (being a caviomorph), whereas mice and rats do. In 1912, the Polish biochemist Casimir Funk developed the concept of vitamins. One of these was thought to be the anti-scorbutic factor. I... |
neanderthals_vitamin_C_diet/Neanderthal_0_68.txt | aus estimated that about 80% succumbed to their injuries and died before reaching 40, and thus theorised that Neanderthals employed a risky hunting strategy ("rodeo rider" hypothesis). However, rates of cranial trauma are not significantly different between Neanderthals and Middle Palaeolithic modern humans (although N... |
neanderthals_vitamin_C_diet/Human_6_1.txt | primates, the region of the brain associated with higher cognition. This has led humans to proclaim themselves to be more intelligent than any other known species. Objectively defining intelligence is difficult, with other animals adapting senses and excelling in areas that humans are unable to.
There are some traits ... |
neanderthals_vitamin_C_diet/Neanderthal_5_38.txt | in times of extreme food shortages as in some cases in recorded human history.
The arts[edit]
See also: Prehistoric art and Art of the Middle Paleolithic
Personal adornment[edit]
Neanderthals used ochre, a clay earth pigment. Ochre is well documented from 60 to 45,000 years ago in Neanderthal sites, with the earliest... |
neanderthals_vitamin_C_diet/Neanderthal_0_189.txt | compounded by an already low population, was potentially devastating to the Neanderthal population, and low genetic diversity could have also rendered fewer Neanderthals naturally immune to these new diseases ("differential pathogen resistance" hypothesis). However, compared to modern humans, Neanderthals had a simila... |
neanderthals_vitamin_C_diet/Vitamin_C_5_0.txt | Food preservation additive[edit]
Ascorbic acid and some of its salts and esters are common additives added to various foods, such as canned fruits, mostly to slow oxidation and enzymatic browning. It may be used as a flour treatment agent used in breadmaking. As food additives, they are assigned E numbers, with safety ... |
neanderthals_vitamin_C_diet/Vitamin_C_8_6.txt | . Vitamin C taken on a regular basis reduced the duration of severe symptoms but had no effect on the duration of mild symptoms. Therapeutic use, meaning that the vitamin was not started unless people started to feel the beginnings of a cold, had no effect on the duration or severity of the illness.
Vitamin C distribut... |
neanderthals_vitamin_C_diet/Neanderthal_5_30.txt | , as well as used certain plants—such as yarrow and camomile—as flavouring, although these plants may have instead been used for their medicinal properties. At Gorham's Cave, Gibraltar, Neanderthals may have been roasting pinecones to access pine nuts.
At Grotte du Lazaret, France, a total of twenty-three red deer, six... |
neanderthals_vitamin_C_diet/Neanderthal_1_15.txt | 1. However, similar anatomy could also have been caused by adapting to a similar environment rather than interbreeding. Neanderthal admixture was found to be present in modern populations in 2010 with the mapping of the first Neanderthal genome sequence. This was based on three specimens in Vindija Cave, Croatia, whic... |
neanderthals_vitamin_C_diet/Healthy_diet_3_1.txt | atherosclerosis risk. The same applies for the replacement of butter and other animal/tropical fats with olive oil and other unsaturated-fat-rich oil. [...] With regard to meat, new evidence differentiates processed and red meat—both associated with increased CVD risk—from poultry, showing a neutral relationship with ... |
neanderthals_vitamin_C_diet/Neanderthal_0_71.txt | 1 had signs of Baastrup's disease, affecting the spine, and osteoarthritis. Shanidar 1, who likely died at about 30 or 40, was diagnosed with the most ancient case of diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH), a degenerative disease which can restrict movement, which, if correct, would indicate a moderately high... |
neanderthals_vitamin_C_diet/Neanderthal_5_72.txt | a large chamber more than 300 m (980 ft) from the entrance within Grotte de Bruniquel, France. One ring was 6.7 m × 4.5 m (22 ft × 15 ft) with stalagmite pieces averaging 34.4 cm (13.5 in) in length, and the other 2.2 m × 2.1 m (7.2 ft × 6.9 ft) with pieces averaging 29.5 cm (11.6 in). There were also |
neanderthals_vitamin_C_diet/Neanderthal_0_147.txt | acial, 17.4 °C (63.3 °F) in July and 1 °C (34 °F) in January and dropping to as a low as −30 °C (−22 °F) on the coldest days—Danish physicist Bent Sørensen hypothesised that Neanderthals required tailored clothing capable of preventing airflow to the skin. Especially during extended periods of travelling (such as a hun... |
neanderthals_vitamin_C_diet/Neanderthal_2_5.txt | glaciation).
Numerous dates for the Neanderthal/human split have been suggested. The date of around 250,000 years ago cites "H. helmei" as being the last common ancestor (LCA), and the split is associated with the Levallois technique of making stone tools. The date of about 400,000 years ago uses H. heidelbergensis as... |
neanderthals_vitamin_C_diet/Neanderthal_0_184.txt | years ago in Bulgaria, Italy, and Britain. This wave of modern humans replaced Neanderthals. However, Neanderthals and H. sapiens have a much longer contact history. DNA evidence indicates H. sapiens contact with Neanderthals and admixture as early as 120–100,000 years ago. A 2019 reanalysis of 210,000-year-old skull ... |
neanderthals_vitamin_C_diet/Neanderthal_5_2.txt | as stunted growth, British archaeologist Paul Pettitt hypothesised that children of both sexes were put to work directly after weaning; and Trinkaus said that, upon reaching adolescence, an individual may have been expected to join in hunting large and dangerous game. However, the bone trauma is comparable to modern I... |
neanderthals_vitamin_C_diet/Neanderthal_1_18.txt | iens sapiens.
A large part of the controversy stems from the vagueness of the term "species", as it is generally used to distinguish two genetically isolated populations, but admixture between modern humans and Neanderthals is known to have occurred. However, the absence of Neanderthal-derived patrilineal Y-chromosome ... |
neanderthals_vitamin_C_diet/Human_5_19.txt | is biological variation in the human species – with traits such as blood type, genetic diseases, cranial features, facial features, organ systems, eye color, hair color and texture, height and build, and skin color varying across the globe. The typical height of an adult human is between 1.4 and 1.9 m (4 ft 7 in and 6... |
neanderthals_vitamin_C_diet/L-gulonolactone_oxidase_0_0.txt | 2989 |
neanderthals_vitamin_C_diet/Vitamin_C_8_14.txt | iron-containing food or supplements. Vitamin C helps to keep iron in the reduced ferrous state, which is more soluble and more easily absorbed.
Topical application to prevent signs of skin aging[edit]
Human skin contains vitamin C, which supports collagen synthesis, decreases collagen degradation, and assists in antio... |
neanderthals_vitamin_C_diet/Neanderthal_0_55.txt | air.
Neanderthals featured a rather large jaw which was once cited as a response to a large bite force evidenced by heavy wearing of Neanderthal front teeth (the "anterior dental loading" hypothesis), but similar wearing trends are seen in contemporary humans. It could also have evolved to fit larger teeth in the jaw,... |
neanderthals_vitamin_C_diet/Vitamin_C_7_5.txt | corbic acid in their liver.
Non-synthesizers[edit]
Some mammals have lost the ability to synthesize vitamin C, including simians and tarsiers, which together make up one of two major primate suborders, Haplorhini. This group includes humans. The other more primitive primates (Strepsirrhini) have the ability to make vit... |
neanderthals_vitamin_C_diet/Human_8_7.txt | history, each having various means of obtaining power and the ability to exert diverse controls on the population. Approximately 47% of humans live in some form of a democracy, 17% in a hybrid regime, and 37% in an authoritarian regime. Many countries belong to international organizations and alliances; the largest of... |
neanderthals_vitamin_C_diet/Vitamin_C_3_6.txt | that half the women and more than half the men are not consuming the RDA for vitamin C. The same survey stated that about 30% of adults reported they consumed a vitamin C dietary supplement or a multi-vitamin/mineral supplement that included vitamin C, and that for these people total consumption was between 300 and 40... |
neanderthals_vitamin_C_diet/Vitamin_C_0_23.txt | potential tissue damage of these free radical compounds. Dehydroascorbate, the oxidized form, is then recycled back to ascorbate by endogenous antioxidants such as glutathione. In the eye, ascorbate is thought to protect against photolytically generated free-radical damage; higher plasma ascorbate is associated with l... |
neanderthals_vitamin_C_diet/Neanderthal_0_8.txt | report presented evidence for interbreeding between Neanderthals and modern humans. It possibly occurred 316,000 to 219,000 years ago, but more likely 100,000 years ago and again 65,000 years ago. Neanderthals also appear to have interbred with Denisovans, a different group of archaic humans, in Siberia. Around 1–4% o... |
neanderthals_vitamin_C_diet/Vitamin_C_0_68.txt | Lamb, "In 1499, Vasco da Gama lost 116 of his crew of 170; In 1520, Magellan lost 208 out of 230;...all mainly to scurvy."
The first attempt to give scientific basis for the cause of this disease was by a ship's surgeon in the Royal Navy, James Lind. While at sea in May 1747, Lind provided some crew members with two o... |
neanderthals_vitamin_C_diet/Human_6_9.txt | a function beginning in childhood and continuing throughout a lifetime in a process known as socialization.
Emotions are biological states associated with the nervous system brought on by neurophysiological changes variously associated with thoughts, feelings, behavioral responses, and a degree of pleasure or displeas... |
neanderthals_vitamin_C_diet/Neanderthal_0_110.txt | a clay earth pigment. Ochre is well documented from 60 to 45,000 years ago in Neanderthal sites, with the earliest example dating to 250–200,000 years ago from Maastricht-Belvédère, the Netherlands (a similar timespan to the ochre record of H. sapiens). It has been hypothesised to have functioned as body paint, and an... |
neanderthals_vitamin_C_diet/Neanderthal_1_14.txt | liest stone tools←Earliest sign of Homo←Dispersal beyond Africa←Earliest fire / cooking←Earliest rock art←Earliest clothes←Modern humansHominidsParanthropus(million years ago)
Hybridisation between Neanderthals and early modern humans had been suggested early on, such as by English anthropologist Thomas Huxley in 1890,... |
neanderthals_vitamin_C_diet/Vitamin_C_0_42.txt | example, one pathway utilizes plant cell wall polymers. The principal plant ascorbic acid biosynthesis pathway seems to be via l-galactose. The enzyme l-galactose dehydrogenase catalyzes the overall oxidation to the lactone and isomerization of the lactone to the C4-hydroxyl group, resulting in l-galactono-1,4-lactone... |
neanderthals_vitamin_C_diet/Vitamin_C_9_4.txt | injury or requirement for renal replacement therapy for patients receiving short-term, high-dose, intravenous vitamin C treatment. This suggests that intravenous vitamin C is safe under these short-term applications. |
neanderthals_vitamin_C_diet/Neanderthal_0_168.txt | Asian populations. Such low percentages of Neanderthal DNA in all present day populations indicate infrequent past interbreeding, unless interbreeding was more common with a different population of modern humans which did not contribute to the present day gene pool. Of the inherited Neanderthal genome, 25% in modern E... |
neanderthals_vitamin_C_diet/Healthy_diet_4_0.txt | Unhealthy diets
An unhealthy diet is a major risk factor for a number of chronic diseases including: high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, abnormal blood lipids, overweight/obesity, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. The World Health Organization has estimated that 2.7 million deaths each year are attribut... |
neanderthals_vitamin_C_diet/Healthy_diet_3_2.txt |
This section is transcluded from Life extension#Healthy diet. (edit | history)
Research suggests that increasing adherence to Mediterranean diet patterns is associated with a reduction in total and cause-specific mortality, extending health- and lifespan. Research is identifying the key beneficial components of the M... |
neanderthals_vitamin_C_diet/Neanderthal_0_3.txt | includes the Mousterian stone-tool industry as well as the abilities to create fire, build cave hearths (to cook food, keep warm, defend themselves from animals, placing it at the centre of their homes), make adhesive birch bark tar, craft at least simple clothes similar to blankets and ponchos, weave, go seafaring th... |
neanderthals_vitamin_C_diet/Neanderthal_0_29.txt | four stages: early-pre-Neanderthals (MIS 12, Elster glaciation), pre-Neanderthals sensu lato (MIS 11–9, Holstein interglacial), early Neanderthals (MIS 7–5, Saale glaciation–Eemian), and classic Neanderthals sensu stricto (MIS 4–3, Würm glaciation).
Numerous dates for the Neanderthal/human split have been suggested. T... |
neanderthals_vitamin_C_diet/Vitamin_C_0_20.txt | esters are common additives added to various foods, such as canned fruits, mostly to slow oxidation and enzymatic browning. It may be used as a flour treatment agent used in breadmaking. As food additives, they are assigned E numbers, with safety assessment and approval the responsibility of the European Food Safety A... |
neanderthals_vitamin_C_diet/Neanderthal_0_7.txt | more elongated and the brain had smaller parietal lobes and cerebellum, but larger temporal, occipital and orbitofrontal regions.
The total population of Neanderthals remained low, proliferating weakly harmful gene variants and precluding effective long-distance networks. Despite this, there is evidence of regional cu... |
neanderthals_vitamin_C_diet/Neanderthal_0_122.txt | in La Ferrassie, France; and a geode from Peștera Cioarei, Romania, coated with red ochre. A number of fossil shells are also known from French Neanderthals sites, such as a rhynchonellid and a Taraebratulina from Combe Grenal; a belemnite beak from Grottes des Canalettes; a polyp from Grotte de l'Hyène; a sea urchin ... |
neanderthals_vitamin_C_diet/Human_2_8.txt |
Hominina (homininans)
Homo sapiens (humans) |
neanderthals_vitamin_C_diet/Neanderthal_5_85.txt | the gene's modern human variant. Neurologically, Neanderthals had an expanded Broca's area—operating the formulation of sentences, and speech comprehension, but out of a group of 48 genes believed to affect the neural substrate of language, 11 had different methylation patterns between Neanderthals and modern humans. ... |
mints_make_your_mouth_feel_cold/Cold_2_9.txt | hour. More innovations ensued. Devices using compressed air as a refrigerants were invented.
20th century[edit]
Iceboxes were in widespread use from the mid-19th century to the 1930s, when the refrigerator was introduced into the home. Most municipally consumed ice was harvested in winter from snow-packed areas or fro... |
mints_make_your_mouth_feel_cold/Cold_0_0.txt |
Cold is the presence of low temperature, especially in the atmosphere. In common usage, cold is often a subjective perception. A lower bound to temperature is absolute zero, defined as 0.00 K on the Kelvin scale, an absolute thermodynamic temperature scale. This corresponds to −273.15 °C on the Celsius scale, −459.67 ... |
mints_make_your_mouth_feel_cold/Mentha_2_0.txt | Taxonomy[edit]
Mentha is a member of the tribe Mentheae in the subfamily Nepetoideae. The tribe contains about 65 genera, and relationships within it remain obscure. Authors have disagreed on the circumscription of Mentha. For example, M. cervina has been placed in Pulegium and Preslia, and M. cunninghamii has been pla... |
mints_make_your_mouth_feel_cold/Mentha_6_2.txt | �ीना, Sindhi: ڦُودنو, Bengali: পুদিনা borrowed from Persian پودنه pudna or پونه puna meaning "pennyroyal".
The taxonomic family Lamiaceae is known as the mint family. It includes many other aromatic herbs, including most of the more common cooking herbs, such as basil, rosemary, sage, oregano, and catnip.
As an English... |
mints_make_your_mouth_feel_cold/Menthol_0_0.txt |
Menthol is an organic compound, more specifically a monoterpenoid, made synthetically or obtained from the oils of corn mint, peppermint, or other mints. It is a waxy, clear or white crystalline substance, which is solid at room temperature and melts slightly above.
The main form of menthol occurring in nature is (−)-... |
mints_make_your_mouth_feel_cold/Mentha_3_3.txt | lling pesty insects and attracting beneficial ones. They are susceptible to whitefly and aphids.
Harvesting of mint leaves can be done at any time. Fresh leaves should be used immediately or stored up to a few days in plastic bags in a refrigerator. Optionally, leaves can be frozen in ice cube trays. Dried mint leaves ... |
mints_make_your_mouth_feel_cold/Mentha_4_0.txt | Uses[edit]
This section may lack focus or may be about more than one topic. In particular, it treats the genus Mentha ("mint") as if it were a single kind of plant, whereas many of the uses apply only to one species or cultivated variety of the genus. Please help improve this article, possibly by splitting the section,... |
mints_make_your_mouth_feel_cold/Menthol_1_0.txt | Structure[edit]
Natural menthol exists as one pure stereoisomer, nearly always the (1R,2S,5R) form (bottom left corner of the diagram below). The eight possible stereoisomers are:
In the natural compound, the isopropyl group is in the trans orientation to both the methyl and hydroxyl groups. Thus, it can be drawn in a... |
mints_make_your_mouth_feel_cold/Mentha_2_5.txt | ha royleana Wall. ex Benth.
Mentha satureioides R.Br. – native pennyroyal
Mentha spicata L. – spearmint, garden mint (a cultivar of spearmint)
Mentha suaveolens Ehrh. – apple mint, pineapple mint (a variegated cultivar of apple mint)
Other species[edit]
There are a number of plants that have mint in the common English ... |
mints_make_your_mouth_feel_cold/Mentha_3_2.txt | what one supposed was planted — and some mint varieties are sterile. It is more effective to take and plant cuttings from the runners of healthy mints.
The most common and popular mints for commercial cultivation are peppermint (Mentha × piperita), native spearmint (Mentha spicata), Scotch spearmint (Mentha x gracilis... |
mints_make_your_mouth_feel_cold/Menthol_1_1.txt | the ring itself in a chair conformation, all three bulky groups can orient in equatorial positions.
The two crystal forms for racemic menthol have melting points of 28 °C and 38 °C. Pure (−)-menthol has four crystal forms, of which the most stable is the α form, the familiar broad needles. |
mints_make_your_mouth_feel_cold/Mentha_2_3.txt | Duval – slender mint
Mentha australis R.Br. – Australian mint
Mentha canadensis L. – Canada mint, American wild mint
Mentha cervina L. – Hart's pennyroyal
Mentha cunninghamii (Benth.) Benth. – New Zealand mint
Mentha dahurica Fisch. ex Benth. – Dahurian thyme
Mentha darvasica Boriss.
Mentha diemenica Spreng. – slender ... |
mints_make_your_mouth_feel_cold/Mouth_3_0.txt | Other functions of the mouth[edit]
Crocodilians living in the tropics can gape with their mouths to provide cooling by evaporation from the mouth lining. Some mammals rely on panting for thermoregulation as it increases evaporation of water across the moist surfaces of the lungs, the tongue and mouth. Birds also avoid ... |
mints_make_your_mouth_feel_cold/Mouth_3_2.txt | the larynx. In humans, the pharynx, soft palate, hard palate, alveolar ridge, tongue, teeth and lips are termed articulators and play their part in the production of speech. Varying the position of the tongue in relation to the other articulators or moving the lips restricts the airflow from the lungs in different way... |
mints_make_your_mouth_feel_cold/Mentha_2_6.txt | known as horse mints
Calamintha sp. (syn. Clinopodium) – known as calamints
Clinopodium acinos (syn. Acinos arvensis) – known as backle mint
Elsholtzia ciliata – known as comb mint
Melissa officinalis – known as balm mint
Nepeta sp. – known as cat mint or catnip
Origanum sp. – known as rock mint
Sideritis montana – kn... |
mints_make_your_mouth_feel_cold/Mouth_2_7.txt | . Nectar feeders such as hummingbirds have specially adapted brushy tongues for sucking up nectar from flowers.
In mammals, the buccal cavity is typically roofed by the hard and soft palates, floored by the tongue and surrounded by the cheeks, salivary glands, and upper and lower teeth. The upper teeth are embedded in ... |
mints_make_your_mouth_feel_cold/Cold_4_1.txt | first created by Eric Cornell, Carl Wieman, and co-workers at JILA on 5 June 1995. They did this by cooling a dilute vapor consisting of approximately two thousand rubidium-87 atoms to below 170 nK (one nK or nanokelvin is a billionth (10) of a kelvin) using a combination of laser cooling (a technique that won its inv... |
mints_make_your_mouth_feel_cold/Cold_2_3.txt | century[edit]
Shachtman says that King James VI and I supported the work of Cornelis Drebbel as a magician to perform tricks such as producing thunder, lightning, lions, birds, trembling leaves and so forth. In 1620 he gave a demonstration in Westminster Abbey to the king and his courtiers on the power of cold. On a s... |
mints_make_your_mouth_feel_cold/Cold_2_6.txt | chemistry that had held back progress in the beneficial use of ice until a drastic change in religious opinions in the 17th century. The intellectual barrier was broken by Francis Bacon and Robert Boyle who followed him in this quest for knowledge of cold. Boyle did extensive experimentation during the 17th century in... |
mints_make_your_mouth_feel_cold/Mentha_4_3.txt | , and candies, such as mint (candy) and mint chocolate. The substances that give the mints their characteristic aromas and flavors are menthol (the main aroma of peppermint and Japanese peppermint) and pulegone (in pennyroyal and Corsican mint). The compound primarily responsible for the aroma and flavor of spearmint i... |
mints_make_your_mouth_feel_cold/Mentha_4_2.txt | used for flavouring curries and other dishes.
Mint is a necessary ingredient in Touareg tea, a popular tea in northern African and Arab countries. Alcoholic drinks sometimes feature mint for flavor or garnish, such as the mint julep and the mojito. Crème de menthe is a mint-flavored liqueur used in drinks such as the ... |
mints_make_your_mouth_feel_cold/Mentha_5_0.txt | Diseases[edit]
Main article: List of mint diseases |
mints_make_your_mouth_feel_cold/Cold_3_1.txt | to the death of entire body parts. Only temporary cold reactions of the skin are without consequences. As blood vessels contract, they become cool and pale, with less oxygen getting into the tissue. Warmth stimulates blood circulation again and is painful but harmless. Comprehensive protection against the cold is part... |
mints_make_your_mouth_feel_cold/Mouth_0_1.txt | like birds and lissamphibians, vertebrates usually have teeth in their mouths, although some fish species have pharyngeal teeth instead of oral teeth.
Most bilaterian phyla, including arthropods, molluscs and chordates, have a two-opening gut tube with a mouth at one end and an anus at the other. Which end forms first... |
mints_make_your_mouth_feel_cold/Lamiaceae_1_7.txt |
*Hyptis
*Hyssopus
Isodictyophorus
*Isodon
*Isoleucas
+Kalaharia
*Karomia
Keiskea
Killickia
Kudrjaschevia
*Kurzamra
*Lachnostachys
*Lagochilus
*Lagopsis
*Lallemantia
*Lamiophlomis
*Lamium
*Lavandula
*Leocus
*Leonotis
*Leonurus
*Le |
mints_make_your_mouth_feel_cold/Lamiaceae_4_5.txt |
Nepeta
Dracocephalum
Agastache
Origanum
Thymus
Mentha
Satureja
Clinopodium
Bystropogon
Pycnant |
mints_make_your_mouth_feel_cold/Cold_3_0.txt | Physiological effects[edit]
Cold has numerous physiological and pathological effects on the human body, as well as on other organisms. Cold environments may promote certain psychological traits, as well as having direct effects on the ability to move. Shivering is one of the first physiological responses to cold. Even ... |
mints_make_your_mouth_feel_cold/Mentha_2_14.txt | spicata 'Abura'
Kiwi mint - Mentha cunninghamii
Lemon mint - Mentha x piperita var. citrata and Mentha X gentilis
Marsh mint - Mentha aquatica
Meadow mint - Mentha x gracilis and Mentha arvensis
Mojito mint - Mentha Spicata 'Mojito'
Moroccan mint - Mentha spicata var. crispa 'Moroccan' and mints collected in Morocco
P... |
mints_make_your_mouth_feel_cold/Cold_4_2.txt | coldest known objects within the Solar System. Orbiting at an average distance of 84 billion miles, Sedna has an average surface temperature of -400°F (-240°C).
The lunar crater Hermite was described after a 2009 survey by NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter as the "coldest known place in the Solar System", with tempe... |
mints_make_your_mouth_feel_cold/Cold_4_3.txt | °C, −457.87 °F).
The Dwarf Planet Haumea is one of the coldest known objects in our solar system. With a Temperature of -401 degrees Fahrenheit or -241 degrees Celsius
The Planck spacecraft's instruments are kept at 0.1 K (−273.05 °C, −459.49 °F) via passive and active cooling.
Absent any other source of heat, the temp... |
mints_make_your_mouth_feel_cold/Mentha_4_1.txt |
The leaf, fresh or dried, is the culinary source of mint. Fresh mint is usually preferred over dried mint when storage of the mint is not a problem. The leaves have a warm, fresh, aromatic, sweet flavor with a cool aftertaste, and are used in teas, beverages, jellies, syrups, candies, and ice creams. In Middle Eastern... |
mints_make_your_mouth_feel_cold/Mouth_2_6.txt | and numerous other joints in their skull. These modifications allow them to open their mouths wide enough to swallow their prey whole, even if it is wider than they are.
Birds do not have teeth, relying instead on other means of gripping and macerating their food. Their beaks have a range of sizes and shapes according... |
mints_make_your_mouth_feel_cold/Mouth_1_0.txt | Development[edit]
Main articles: Protostome and Deuterostome
Development of the mouth and anus in protostomes and deuterostomes
In the first multicellular animals, there was probably no mouth or gut and food particles were engulfed by the cells on the exterior surface by a process known as endocytosis. The particles b... |
mints_make_your_mouth_feel_cold/Menthol_5_4.txt | this tends to be less efficient, although the higher processing costs may be offset by lower raw material costs. A further advantage of this process is that D-menthol becomes inexpensively available for use as a chiral auxiliary, along with the more usual L-antipode. |
mints_make_your_mouth_feel_cold/Cold_0_1.txt | of the particle constituents of matter, an object will have less thermal energy when it is colder and more when it is hotter. If it were possible to cool a system to absolute zero, all motion of the particles in a sample of matter would cease and they would be at complete rest in the classical sense. The object could ... |
mints_make_your_mouth_feel_cold/Mentha_2_13.txt | x villosa
Curly mint - Mentha spicata 'Curly'
Eau de Cologne mint - Mentha × piperita 'Citrata'
Field mint - Mentha arvensis
Flea mint - Mentha requienii
Ginger mint - Mentha × gracilis
Gray mint - Mentha longifolia
Green mint - Mentha spicata
Grey mint - Mentha longifolia
Japanese peppermint - Mentha arvensis var. pi... |
mints_make_your_mouth_feel_cold/Menthol_4_3.txt | (+)-Pulegone reductase (PR) reduces this double bond using NADPH to form (−)-menthone.
(−)-Menthone reductase (MR) then reduces the carbonyl group using NADPH to form (−)-menthol.
|
mints_make_your_mouth_feel_cold/Lamiaceae_1_14.txt |
*Thorncroftia
*Thuspeinanta
*Thymbra
*Thymus
*Tinnea
*Trichostema
*Tripora
*Tsoongia
*Vitex
*Viticipremna
+Volkameria
*Warnockia
*Wenchengia
*Westringia
Wiedemannia
*Wrixonia
Xenopoma
*Zataria
*Ziziphora |
mints_make_your_mouth_feel_cold/Menthol_5_2.txt | ium complex to give (after hydrolysis) enantiomerically pure R-citronellal. This is cyclised by a carbonyl-ene-reaction initiated by zinc bromide to isopulegol [de], which is then hydrogenated to give pure (1R,2S,5R)-menthol.
Another commercial process is the Haarmann–Reimer process (after the company Haarmann & Reimer... |
mints_make_your_mouth_feel_cold/Cold_6_2.txt |
Hail – Form of solid precipitation
Sleet – Form of precipitation consisting of rain and melting snow
Snow – Precipitation in the form of ice crystal flakes
Geographical and climatological:
Glacier – Persistent body of ice that is moving under its own weight
Ice cap – Ice mass that covers less than 50,000 km² of land a... |
mints_make_your_mouth_feel_cold/Lamiaceae_2_0.txt | Recent changes[edit]
The circumscription of several genera has changed since 2004. Tsoongia, Paravitex, and Viticipremna have been sunk into synonymy with Vitex. Huxleya has been sunk into Volkameria. Kalaharia, Volkameria, Ovieda, and Tetraclea have been segregated from a formerly polyphyletic Clerodendrum. Rydingia h... |
mints_make_your_mouth_feel_cold/Mentha_2_16.txt | iperita 'Swiss'
Tall mint - Mentha × wirtgeniana
Tea mint - Mentha × verticillata
Toothmint - Mentha × smithiana
Water mint - Mentha aquatica
Woolly mint - Mentha × rotundifolia |
mints_make_your_mouth_feel_cold/Cold_5_0.txt | Mythology and culture[edit]
Niflheim was a realm of primordial ice and cold with nine frozen rivers in Norse Mythology.
The "Hell in Dante's Inferno" is stated as Cocytus a frozen lake where Virgil and Dante were deposited. |
mints_make_your_mouth_feel_cold/Mentha_4_4.txt | beetle) and Mint leaf beetle.
Traditional medicine and cosmetics[edit]
The ancient Greeks rubbed mint on their arms, believing it would make them stronger. Mint was originally used as a medicinal herb to treat stomach ache and chest pains. There are several uses in traditional medicine and preliminary research for pos... |
mints_make_your_mouth_feel_cold/Mentha_3_1.txt | , will provide more than enough mint for home use. Some mint species are more invasive than others. Even with the less invasive mints, care should be taken when mixing any mint with any other plants, lest the mint take over. To control mints in an open environment, they should be planted in deep, bottomless containers ... |
mints_make_your_mouth_feel_cold/Menthol_0_1.txt | acts as a weak κ-opioid receptor agonist. |
mints_make_your_mouth_feel_cold/Mouth_2_1.txt | x and digestion occurs extracellularly in the gastrovascular cavity. Annelids have simple tube-like guts, and the possession of an anus allows them to separate the digestion of their foodstuffs from the absorption of the nutrients.
Many molluscs have a radula, which is used to scrape microscopic particles off surfaces.... |
mints_make_your_mouth_feel_cold/Mouth_4_0.txt | See also[edit]
Oral manifestations of systemic disease |
mints_make_your_mouth_feel_cold/Cold_6_0.txt | See also[edit]
Technical, scientific
Chiller – Machine that removes heat from a liquid coolant via vapor compression
Cryogenics – Study of the production and behaviour of materials at very low temperatures
Cryosphere – Those portions of Earth's surface where water is in solid form
Freezing point – Temperature at which ... |
mints_make_your_mouth_feel_cold/Mouth_2_5.txt | mouth.
The mouths of reptiles are largely similar to those of mammals. The crocodilians are the only reptiles to have teeth anchored in sockets in their jaws. They are able to replace each of their approximately 80 teeth up to 50 times during their lives. Most reptiles are either carnivorous or insectivorous, but turt... |
mints_make_your_mouth_feel_cold/Cold_6_3.txt | Earth sciences Geography Physics Science Weather |
mints_make_your_mouth_feel_cold/Lamiaceae_1_9.txt | astachydium
*Microcorys
*Micromeria
*Microtoena
*Minthostachys
*Moluccella
*Monarda
*Monardella
*Monochilus
*Mosla
Neohyptis
Neorapinia
*Nepeta
*Newcastelia
Nosema
*Notochaete
*Obtegomeria
*Ocimum
Octomeron
*Ombrocharis
*Oncinocalyx
*Origanum
*Or |
mints_make_your_mouth_feel_cold/Cold_2_0.txt | History[edit]
Early history[edit]
In ancient times, ice was not adopted for food preservation but used to cool wine which the Romans had also done. According to Pliny, Emperor Nero invented the ice bucket to chill wines instead of adding it to wine to make it cold as it would dilute it.
Some time around 1700 BC Zimri-L... |
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