Darshan03/Edugorrila · Datasets at Hugging Face

input_text stringlengths 7 4k	input_ids sequencelengths 512 512	attention_mask sequencelengths 512 512
20 Democratic Politics When the demand for the formation of States on the basis of language was raised, some national leaders feared that it would lead to the disintegration of the country. The Central Government resisted linguistic States for some time. But the experience has shown that the formation of linguistic Sta...	[ 17, 15, 11396, 34879, 3197, 279, 7479, 369, 279, 18003, 315, 4180, 389, 279, 8037, 315, 4128, 572, 9226, 11, 1045, 5313, 6036, 37469, 429, 432, 1035, 2990, 311, 279, 827, 60168, 315, 279, 3146, 13, 576, 10684, 10212, 66314, 64667, 418...	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1...
Science W e see a variety of objects in the world around us. However, we are unable to see anything in a dark room. On lighting up the room, things become visible. What makes things visible? During the day, the sunlight helps us to see objects. An object reflects light that falls on it. This reflected light, when recei...	[ 35400, 467, 384, 1490, 264, 8045, 315, 6171, 304, 279, 1879, 2163, 601, 13, 4354, 11, 582, 525, 11889, 311, 1490, 4113, 304, 264, 6319, 3054, 13, 1913, 17716, 705, 279, 3054, 11, 2513, 3635, 9434, 13, 3555, 3643, 2513, 9434, 30, 119...	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1...
250 MATHEMATICS Solution The volume of water in the overhead tank equals the volume of the water removed from the sump. Now, the volume of water in the overhead tank (cylinder) r2h 3.14 0.6 0.6 0.95 m3 The volume of water in the sump when full l b h 1.57 1.44 0.95 m3 The volume of water left in the sump after filling t...	[ 17, 20, 15, 24795, 1799, 56889, 19100, 12478, 576, 8123, 315, 3015, 304, 279, 31015, 12896, 16819, 279, 8123, 315, 279, 3015, 6963, 504, 279, 274, 1510, 13, 4695, 11, 279, 8123, 315, 3015, 304, 279, 31015, 12896, 320, 66, 22868, 8, ...	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1...
92 MATHEMATICS 6.3 Intersecting Lines and Non-intersecting Lines Draw two different lines PQ and RS on a paper. You will see that you can draw them in two different ways as shown in Fig. 6.5 (i) and Fig. 6.5 (ii). (i) Intersecting lines (ii) Non-intersecting (parallel) lines Fig. 6.5 Different ways of drawing two lines...	[ 24, 17, 24795, 1799, 56889, 19100, 220, 21, 13, 18, 5665, 9687, 287, 38233, 323, 11581, 44894, 9687, 287, 38233, 11992, 1378, 2155, 5128, 61717, 323, 23229, 389, 264, 5567, 13, 1446, 686, 1490, 429, 498, 646, 4038, 1105, 304, 1378, 21...	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1...
Po w e r-sh a r i n g 1 Chapter I Power-sharing Overview With this chapter, we resume the tour of democracy that we started last year. We noted last year that in a democracy all power does not rest with any one organ of the government. An intelligent sharing of power among legislature, executive and judiciary is very i...	[ 32904, 289, 384, 435, 7514, 264, 435, 600, 308, 342, 220, 16, 15585, 358, 7420, 54756, 34807, 3085, 419, 12453, 11, 582, 15688, 279, 7216, 315, 19525, 429, 582, 3855, 1537, 1042, 13, 1205, 10342, 1537, 1042, 429, 304, 264, 19525, 678,...	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1...
52 CONTEMPORARY INDIA-I 2. Answer the following questions briefly. (i) What factors are responsible for the distribution of plants and animals in India? (ii) What is a bio-reserve? Give two examples. (iii) Name two animals having habitat in tropical and montane type of vegetation. 3. Distinguish between (i) Flora and F...	[ 20, 17, 3418, 48343, 868, 8642, 19317, 5863, 21477, 220, 17, 13, 21806, 279, 2701, 4755, 26753, 13, 320, 72, 8, 3555, 9363, 525, 8480, 369, 279, 7982, 315, 10779, 323, 9898, 304, 6747, 30, 320, 3808, 8, 3555, 374, 264, 16905, 11588,...	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1...
196 India and the Contemporary World education, and returns as the judge in the local court. Meanwhile, the villagers, thinking that the landlords men had killed him, file a case. At the conclusion of the trial, the judge reveals his true identity, and the Nambuthiri repents and reforms his ways. Saraswativijayam stres...	[ 16, 24, 21, 6747, 323, 279, 47202, 4337, 6731, 11, 323, 4675, 438, 279, 11651, 304, 279, 2205, 5473, 13, 25894, 11, 279, 60821, 11, 7274, 429, 279, 63629, 2953, 1030, 7425, 1435, 11, 1034, 264, 1142, 13, 2411, 279, 16688, 315, 279, ...	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1...
STATISTICS 269 Example 3 The distribution below shows the number of wickets taken by bowlers in one-day cricket matches. Find the mean number of wickets by choosing a suitable method. What does the mean signify? Number of 20 - 60 60 - 100 100 - 150 150 - 250 250 - 350 350 - 450 wickets Number of 7 5 16 12 2 3 bowlers S...	[ 22595, 71637, 220, 17, 21, 24, 13383, 220, 18, 576, 7982, 3685, 4933, 279, 1372, 315, 289, 17480, 4429, 553, 15273, 9254, 304, 825, 11228, 35999, 9071, 13, 7379, 279, 3076, 1372, 315, 289, 17480, 553, 18774, 264, 14452, 1714, 13, 3555...	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1...
106 MATHEMATICS Theorem 6.8 If a side of a triangle is produced, then the exterior angle so formed is equal to the sum of the two interior opposite angles. It is obvious from the above theorem that an exterior angle of a triangle is greater than either of its interior apposite angles. Now, let us take some examples bas...	[ 16, 15, 21, 24795, 1799, 56889, 19100, 576, 13173, 220, 21, 13, 23, 1416, 264, 3108, 315, 264, 21495, 374, 8947, 11, 1221, 279, 27263, 9210, 773, 14122, 374, 6144, 311, 279, 2629, 315, 279, 1378, 14791, 14002, 25941, 13, 1084, 374, ...	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1...
8 MATHEMATICS In the same way, you can locate n for any positive integer n, after 1 n has been located. EXERCISE 1.2 1. State whether the following statements are true or false. Justify your answers. (i) Every irrational number is a real number. (ii) Every point on the number line is of the form m , where m is a natura...	[ 23, 24795, 1799, 56889, 19100, 758, 279, 1852, 1616, 11, 498, 646, 24523, 308, 369, 894, 6785, 7546, 308, 11, 1283, 220, 16, 308, 702, 1012, 7407, 13, 4063, 27434, 9133, 220, 16, 13, 17, 220, 16, 13, 3234, 3425, 279, 2701, 12239, ...	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1...
195 Novels, Society and History It is not surprising that many men were suspicious of women writing novels or reading them. This suspicion cut across communities. Hannah Mullens, a Christian missionary and the author of Karuna o Phulmonir Bibaran (1852), reputedly the first novel in Bengali, tells her readers that she ...	[ 16, 24, 20, 4620, 2010, 11, 13278, 323, 11099, 1084, 374, 537, 14861, 429, 1657, 2953, 1033, 31327, 315, 3198, 4378, 31863, 476, 5290, 1105, 13, 1096, 37041, 3931, 3941, 10744, 13, 47261, 51527, 724, 11, 264, 8876, 72898, 323, 279, 31...	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1...
Acids, Bases and Salts What is the pH of the soil in your backyard? Plants require a specific pH range for their healthy growth. To find out the pH required for the healthy growth of a plant, you can collect the soil from various places and check the pH in the manner described below in Activity 2.12. Also, you can note...	[ 11654, 3365, 11, 425, 2264, 323, 8211, 2576, 3555, 374, 279, 36043, 315, 279, 17171, 304, 697, 35660, 30, 49198, 1373, 264, 3151, 36043, 2088, 369, 862, 9314, 6513, 13, 2014, 1477, 700, 279, 36043, 2567, 369, 279, 9314, 6513, 315, 264...	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1...
TRIANGLES 139 Fig. 6.34 2. In Fig. 6.35, ODC OBA, BOC 125 and CDO 70. Find DOC, DCO and OAB. 3. Diagonals AC and BD of a trapezium ABCD with AB DC intersect each other at the point O. Using a similarity criterion for two triangles, show that OA OB OC OD Fig. 6.35 2019-20	[ 2378, 40, 74753, 220, 16, 18, 24, 23095, 13, 220, 21, 13, 18, 19, 220, 17, 13, 758, 23095, 13, 220, 21, 13, 18, 20, 11, 506, 5626, 506, 7064, 11, 425, 7612, 220, 16, 17, 20, 323, 356, 5865, 220, 22, 15, 13, 7379, 60355, 11, ...	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1...
316 MATHEMATICS Now, we also have to find the number of years by which the enrolment will reach 50. So, we have to find the value of n in the equation or formula 50 41.9 0.22n (2) Step 2 Solution Solving (2) for n, we get n 50 41.9 8.1 36.8 0.22 0.22 Step 3 Interpretation Since the number of years is an integral value,...	[ 18, 16, 21, 24795, 1799, 56889, 19100, 4695, 11, 582, 1083, 614, 311, 1477, 279, 1372, 315, 1635, 553, 892, 279, 65366, 478, 686, 5545, 220, 20, 15, 13, 2055, 11, 582, 614, 311, 1477, 279, 897, 315, 308, 304, 279, 23606, 476, 1480...	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1...
25 Nationalism in Europe Fig. 19 Germania guarding the Rhine. In 1860, the artist Lorenz Clasen was commissioned to paint this image. The inscription on Germanias sword reads The German sword protects the German Rhine. Look once more at Fig. 10. Imagine you were a citizen of Frankfurt in March 1848 and were present dur...	[ 17, 20, 5055, 2142, 304, 4505, 23095, 13, 220, 16, 24, 5938, 685, 79500, 279, 17968, 482, 13, 758, 220, 16, 23, 21, 15, 11, 279, 10049, 51190, 89, 2435, 300, 268, 572, 43124, 311, 6177, 419, 2168, 13, 576, 50570, 389, 5938, 3473, ...	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1...
Forest Society and Colonialism 75 In Section II we will shift our focus to the study of livelihoods and economies. We will look at how the lives of forest dwellers and pastoralists changed in the modern world and how they played a part in shaping these changes. All too often in looking at the emergence of the modern wo...	[ 49578, 13278, 323, 72748, 2142, 220, 22, 20, 758, 11113, 7946, 582, 686, 6407, 1039, 5244, 311, 279, 3920, 315, 63651, 82, 323, 36571, 13, 1205, 686, 1401, 518, 1246, 279, 6305, 315, 13638, 43835, 388, 323, 89271, 1671, 5497, 304, 279...	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1...
Pastoralists in the Modern World 101 Activity Source B In Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh, again, the dry central plateau was covered with stone and grass, inhabited by cattle, goat and sheep herders. The Gollas herded cattle. The Kurumas and Kurubas reared sheep and goats and sold woven blankets. They lived near the wood...	[ 50113, 9819, 1671, 304, 279, 18265, 4337, 220, 16, 15, 16, 14981, 8748, 425, 758, 78049, 323, 1597, 71910, 42358, 11, 1549, 11, 279, 9058, 8622, 64288, 572, 9761, 448, 9798, 323, 16359, 11, 69498, 553, 35852, 11, 53292, 323, 31912, 10...	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1...
The organised sector offers jobs that are the most sought-after. But the employment opportunities in the organised sector have been expanding very slowly. It is also common to find many organised sector enterprises in the unorganised sector. They adopt such strategies to evade taxes and refuse to follow laws that prote...	[ 785, 38333, 10486, 6081, 6887, 429, 525, 279, 1429, 16105, 44573, 13, 1988, 279, 14402, 10488, 304, 279, 38333, 10486, 614, 1012, 23175, 1602, 13970, 13, 1084, 374, 1083, 4185, 311, 1477, 1657, 38333, 10486, 39819, 304, 279, 650, 8462, ...	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1...
168 MATHEMATICS CHAPTER 10 CIRCLES 10.1 Introduction You may have come across many objects in daily life, which are round in shape, such as wheels of a vehicle, bangles, dials of many clocks, coins of denominations 50 p, Re 1 and Rs 5, key rings, buttons of shirts, etc. (see Fig.10.1). In a clock, you might have observ...	[ 16, 21, 23, 24795, 1799, 56889, 19100, 95324, 220, 16, 15, 356, 51840, 14017, 220, 16, 15, 13, 16, 28338, 1446, 1231, 614, 2525, 3941, 1657, 6171, 304, 7298, 2272, 11, 892, 525, 4778, 304, 6083, 11, 1741, 438, 22696, 315, 264, 7310,...	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1...
Life Processes design in multi-cellular organisms are followed, a specialised tissue for excretion will be developed, which means that the transportation system will need to transport waste away from cells to this excretory tissue. Let us consider these various processes, so essential to maintain life, one by one. 1. W...	[ 25749, 62303, 2884, 304, 7299, 31901, 1276, 43204, 525, 8110, 11, 264, 87904, 19847, 369, 505, 88690, 686, 387, 7881, 11, 892, 3363, 429, 279, 17903, 1849, 686, 1184, 311, 7557, 12291, 3123, 504, 7761, 311, 419, 505, 4423, 679, 19847, ...	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1...
Carbon and its Compounds Ethanoic acid is commonly called acetic acid and belongs to a group of acids called carboxylic acids. 5-8 solution of acetic acid in water is called vinegar and is used widely as a preservative in pickles. The melting point of pure ethanoic acid is 290 K and hence it often freezes during winter...	[ 36607, 323, 1181, 13317, 3095, 14356, 5652, 292, 13621, 374, 16626, 2598, 1613, 5298, 13621, 323, 17180, 311, 264, 1874, 315, 32869, 2598, 1803, 2011, 88, 415, 32869, 13, 220, 20, 12, 23, 6291, 315, 1613, 5298, 13621, 304, 3015, 374, ...	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1...
PROOFS IN MATHEMATICS 293 2. Once again you are given four cards. Each card has a number printed on one side and a letter on the other side. Which are the only two cards you need to turn over to check whether the following rule holds? If a card has a consonant on one side, then it has an odd number on the other side. A...	[ 9117, 46, 8485, 1964, 24795, 1799, 56889, 19100, 220, 17, 24, 18, 220, 17, 13, 9646, 1549, 498, 525, 2661, 3040, 7411, 13, 8886, 3701, 702, 264, 1372, 16709, 389, 825, 3108, 323, 264, 6524, 389, 279, 1008, 3108, 13, 15920, 525, 279,...	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1...
Lincoln to us Democracy is government of the people, by the people and for the people. We in Meghalaya always ruled ourselves. That is accepted by everyone. Why do we need to change that? Lyngdoh Madam I am not saying we need to change it. I too find this definition very beautiful. 2019-20	[ 50597, 22033, 311, 601, 47089, 374, 3033, 315, 279, 1251, 11, 553, 279, 1251, 323, 369, 279, 1251, 13, 1205, 304, 27343, 11866, 12589, 2677, 21286, 13217, 13, 2938, 374, 11666, 553, 5019, 13, 8429, 653, 582, 1184, 311, 2297, 429, 30, ...	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1...
India and the Contemporary World 130 Fig. 2 A Strangers Home, The Illustrated London News,1870. Night Refuges and Strangers Homes were opened in winter by charitable societies and local authorities in many towns. The poor flocked to these places in the hope of food, warmth and shelter. Imagine that you are a newspaper ...	[ 33548, 323, 279, 47202, 4337, 220, 16, 18, 15, 23095, 13, 220, 17, 362, 4509, 14052, 5379, 11, 576, 70061, 7148, 5398, 11, 16, 23, 22, 15, 13, 12826, 8550, 50159, 323, 4509, 14052, 36564, 1033, 8930, 304, 12406, 553, 47701, 33675, 3...	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1...
Nazism and the Rise of Hitler 49 In the spring of 1945, a little eleven-year-old German boy called Helmuth was lying in bed when he overheard his parents discussing something in serious tones. His father, a prominent physician, deliberated with his wife whether the time had come to kill the entire family, or if he shou...	[ 93071, 2142, 323, 279, 42677, 315, 30554, 220, 19, 24, 758, 279, 10464, 315, 220, 16, 24, 19, 20, 11, 264, 2632, 44214, 4666, 6284, 5938, 8171, 2598, 62042, 940, 572, 20446, 304, 4845, 979, 566, 916, 54503, 806, 6562, 24392, 2494, 3...	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1...
158 MATHEMATICS Let us now take some examples to illustrate the use of the above theorem. Example 1 In Fig. 9.13, ABCD is a parallelogram and EFCD is a rectangle. Also, AL DC. Prove that (i) ar (ABCD) ar (EFCD) (ii) ar (ABCD) DC AL Solution (i) As a rectangle is also a parallelogram, therefore, ar (ABCD) ar (EFCD) (The...	[ 16, 20, 23, 24795, 1799, 56889, 19100, 6771, 601, 1431, 1896, 1045, 10295, 311, 40368, 279, 990, 315, 279, 3403, 57817, 13, 13383, 220, 16, 758, 23095, 13, 220, 24, 13, 16, 18, 11, 19360, 35, 374, 264, 57030, 839, 2396, 323, 43990, ...	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1...
Gender, Religion and Caste 41 their educational and career opportunities. More radical womens movements aimed at equality in personal and family life as well. These movements are called FEMINIST movements. Political expression of gender division and political mobilisation on this Discuss all these perceptions of an ide...	[ 28914, 11, 43093, 323, 356, 5525, 220, 19, 16, 862, 16229, 323, 6931, 10488, 13, 4398, 17855, 87361, 19029, 19469, 518, 21777, 304, 4345, 323, 2997, 2272, 438, 1632, 13, 4220, 19029, 525, 2598, 434, 2716, 687, 3846, 19029, 13, 30497, ...	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1...
150 MATHEMATICS Similarly, from OQD, OD2 OQ2 DQ2 (2) From OQC, we have OC2 OQ2 CQ2 (3) and from OAP, we have OA2 AP2 OP2 (4) Adding (1) and (2), OB2 OD2 BP2 OP2 OQ2 DQ2 CQ2 OP2 OQ2 AP2 (As BP CQ and DQ AP) CQ2 OQ2 OP2 AP2 OC2 OA2 From (3) and (4) EXERCISE 6.5 1. Sides of triangles are given below. Determine which of th...	[ 16, 20, 15, 24795, 1799, 56889, 19100, 34239, 11, 504, 506, 48, 35, 11, 52732, 17, 506, 48, 17, 422, 48, 17, 320, 17, 8, 5542, 506, 61042, 11, 582, 614, 31867, 17, 506, 48, 17, 356, 48, 17, 320, 18, 8, 323, 504, 506, 2537, 1...	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1...
Poverty as a Challenge 29 Overview This chapter deals with one of the most difficult challenges faced by independent Indiapoverty. After discussing this multi-dimensional problem through examples, the chapter discusses the way poverty is seen in social sciences. Poverty trends in India and the world are illustrated thr...	[ 32904, 16684, 438, 264, 25257, 220, 17, 24, 34807, 1096, 12453, 12506, 448, 825, 315, 279, 1429, 5000, 11513, 16601, 553, 9489, 2263, 72, 65552, 16684, 13, 4636, 24392, 419, 7299, 32420, 3491, 1526, 10295, 11, 279, 12453, 34334, 279, 16...	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1...
NATURAL RESOURCES 201 Activity 14.13 Find out which other molecules are thought to damage the ozone layer. Newspaper reports often talk about the hole in the ozone layer. Find out whether the size of this hole is changing and in what manner scientists think this would affect life on Earth (Fig. 14.9). Q What you have l...	[ 45, 828, 50685, 13170, 48448, 220, 17, 15, 16, 14981, 220, 16, 19, 13, 16, 18, 7379, 700, 892, 1008, 34615, 525, 3381, 311, 5557, 279, 76437, 6193, 13, 86739, 6682, 3545, 3061, 911, 279, 14178, 304, 279, 76437, 6193, 13, 7379, 700, ...	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1...
Forest Society and Colonialism 95 4.4 War and Deforestation The First World War and the Second World War had a major impact on forests. In India, working plans were abandoned at this time, and the forest department cut trees freely to meet British war needs. In Java, just before the Japanese occupied the region, the Du...	[ 49578, 13278, 323, 72748, 2142, 220, 24, 20, 220, 19, 13, 19, 5004, 323, 3892, 96793, 576, 5512, 4337, 5004, 323, 279, 10440, 4337, 5004, 1030, 264, 3598, 5421, 389, 35558, 13, 758, 6747, 11, 3238, 6649, 1033, 22978, 518, 419, 882, ...	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1...
33 Nehru Memorial Museum and Library, New Delhi 2019-20	[ 18, 18, 72436, 2672, 26774, 16328, 323, 11635, 11, 1532, 21996, 220, 17, 15, 16, 24, 12, 17, 15, 151645, 151645, 151645, 151645, 151645, 151645, 151645, 151645, 151645, 151645, 151645, 151645, 151645, 151645, 151645, 151645, 151645, 151645, 1...	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0...
The Story of Village Palampur 7 Lets Discuss In the Picture 1.5, can you shade the land cultivated by the small farmers? Why do so many families of farmers cultivate such small plots of land? The distribution of farmers in India and the amount of land they cultivate is given in the following Graph 1.1. Discuss in the c...	[ 785, 15106, 315, 24069, 10925, 1121, 324, 220, 22, 57066, 65279, 758, 279, 24568, 220, 16, 13, 20, 11, 646, 498, 27501, 279, 4268, 66066, 553, 279, 2613, 20336, 30, 8429, 653, 773, 1657, 8521, 315, 20336, 66532, 1741, 2613, 30694, 315...	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1...
250 MATHEMATICS Let us represent the data given above graphically as follows (i) We represent the weights on the horizontal axis on a suitable scale. We can choose the scale as 1 cm 5 kg. Also, since the first class interval is starting from 30.5 and not zero, we show it on the graph by marking a kink or a break on the...	[ 17, 20, 15, 24795, 1799, 56889, 19100, 6771, 601, 4009, 279, 821, 2661, 3403, 4771, 2673, 438, 11017, 320, 72, 8, 1205, 4009, 279, 14324, 389, 279, 16202, 8024, 389, 264, 14452, 5452, 13, 1205, 646, 5157, 279, 5452, 438, 220, 16, 99...	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1...
Magnetic Effects of Electric Current We know that the magnetic field produced by a current-carrying wire at a given point depends directly on the current passing through it. Therefore, if there is a circular coil having n turns, the field produced is n times as large as that produced by a single turn. This is because t...	[ 44, 38000, 29146, 315, 20598, 9125, 1205, 1414, 429, 279, 23970, 2070, 8947, 553, 264, 1482, 1786, 11433, 287, 9067, 518, 264, 2661, 1459, 13798, 5961, 389, 279, 1482, 12299, 1526, 432, 13, 15277, 11, 421, 1052, 374, 264, 26931, 39660, ...	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1...
SCIENCE 62 Was there a darkly coloured, spherical or oval, dot-like structure near the centre of each cell? This structure is called nucleus. Were there similar structures in onion peel cells? The nucleus has a double layered covering called nuclear membrane. The nuclear membrane has pores which allow the transfer of m...	[ 3540, 56682, 220, 21, 17, 14804, 1052, 264, 6319, 398, 57819, 11, 64151, 476, 60037, 11, 12756, 12681, 5944, 3143, 279, 12261, 315, 1817, 2779, 30, 1096, 5944, 374, 2598, 61507, 13, 38970, 1052, 4428, 14389, 304, 37327, 57112, 7761, 30,...	[ 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1...

20 Democratic Politics When the demand for the formation of States on the basis of language was raised, some national leaders feared that it would lead to the disintegration of the country. The Central Government resisted linguistic States for some time. But the experience has shown that the formation of linguistic Sta...

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Science W e see a variety of objects in the world around us. However, we are unable to see anything in a dark room. On lighting up the room, things become visible. What makes things visible? During the day, the sunlight helps us to see objects. An object reflects light that falls on it. This reflected light, when recei...

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250 MATHEMATICS Solution The volume of water in the overhead tank equals the volume of the water removed from the sump. Now, the volume of water in the overhead tank (cylinder) r2h 3.14 0.6 0.6 0.95 m3 The volume of water in the sump when full l b h 1.57 1.44 0.95 m3 The volume of water left in the sump after filling t...

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92 MATHEMATICS 6.3 Intersecting Lines and Non-intersecting Lines Draw two different lines PQ and RS on a paper. You will see that you can draw them in two different ways as shown in Fig. 6.5 (i) and Fig. 6.5 (ii). (i) Intersecting lines (ii) Non-intersecting (parallel) lines Fig. 6.5 Different ways of drawing two lines...

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Po w e r-sh a r i n g 1 Chapter I Power-sharing Overview With this chapter, we resume the tour of democracy that we started last year. We noted last year that in a democracy all power does not rest with any one organ of the government. An intelligent sharing of power among legislature, executive and judiciary is very i...

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52 CONTEMPORARY INDIA-I 2. Answer the following questions briefly. (i) What factors are responsible for the distribution of plants and animals in India? (ii) What is a bio-reserve? Give two examples. (iii) Name two animals having habitat in tropical and montane type of vegetation. 3. Distinguish between (i) Flora and F...

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196 India and the Contemporary World education, and returns as the judge in the local court. Meanwhile, the villagers, thinking that the landlords men had killed him, file a case. At the conclusion of the trial, the judge reveals his true identity, and the Nambuthiri repents and reforms his ways. Saraswativijayam stres...

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STATISTICS 269 Example 3 The distribution below shows the number of wickets taken by bowlers in one-day cricket matches. Find the mean number of wickets by choosing a suitable method. What does the mean signify? Number of 20 - 60 60 - 100 100 - 150 150 - 250 250 - 350 350 - 450 wickets Number of 7 5 16 12 2 3 bowlers S...

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106 MATHEMATICS Theorem 6.8 If a side of a triangle is produced, then the exterior angle so formed is equal to the sum of the two interior opposite angles. It is obvious from the above theorem that an exterior angle of a triangle is greater than either of its interior apposite angles. Now, let us take some examples bas...

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8 MATHEMATICS In the same way, you can locate n for any positive integer n, after 1 n has been located. EXERCISE 1.2 1. State whether the following statements are true or false. Justify your answers. (i) Every irrational number is a real number. (ii) Every point on the number line is of the form m , where m is a natura...

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195 Novels, Society and History It is not surprising that many men were suspicious of women writing novels or reading them. This suspicion cut across communities. Hannah Mullens, a Christian missionary and the author of Karuna o Phulmonir Bibaran (1852), reputedly the first novel in Bengali, tells her readers that she ...

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Acids, Bases and Salts What is the pH of the soil in your backyard? Plants require a specific pH range for their healthy growth. To find out the pH required for the healthy growth of a plant, you can collect the soil from various places and check the pH in the manner described below in Activity 2.12. Also, you can note...

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TRIANGLES 139 Fig. 6.34 2. In Fig. 6.35, ODC OBA, BOC 125 and CDO 70. Find DOC, DCO and OAB. 3. Diagonals AC and BD of a trapezium ABCD with AB DC intersect each other at the point O. Using a similarity criterion for two triangles, show that OA OB OC OD Fig. 6.35 2019-20

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316 MATHEMATICS Now, we also have to find the number of years by which the enrolment will reach 50. So, we have to find the value of n in the equation or formula 50 41.9 0.22n (2) Step 2 Solution Solving (2) for n, we get n 50 41.9 8.1 36.8 0.22 0.22 Step 3 Interpretation Since the number of years is an integral value,...

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25 Nationalism in Europe Fig. 19 Germania guarding the Rhine. In 1860, the artist Lorenz Clasen was commissioned to paint this image. The inscription on Germanias sword reads The German sword protects the German Rhine. Look once more at Fig. 10. Imagine you were a citizen of Frankfurt in March 1848 and were present dur...

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Forest Society and Colonialism 75 In Section II we will shift our focus to the study of livelihoods and economies. We will look at how the lives of forest dwellers and pastoralists changed in the modern world and how they played a part in shaping these changes. All too often in looking at the emergence of the modern wo...

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Pastoralists in the Modern World 101 Activity Source B In Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh, again, the dry central plateau was covered with stone and grass, inhabited by cattle, goat and sheep herders. The Gollas herded cattle. The Kurumas and Kurubas reared sheep and goats and sold woven blankets. They lived near the wood...

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The organised sector offers jobs that are the most sought-after. But the employment opportunities in the organised sector have been expanding very slowly. It is also common to find many organised sector enterprises in the unorganised sector. They adopt such strategies to evade taxes and refuse to follow laws that prote...

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168 MATHEMATICS CHAPTER 10 CIRCLES 10.1 Introduction You may have come across many objects in daily life, which are round in shape, such as wheels of a vehicle, bangles, dials of many clocks, coins of denominations 50 p, Re 1 and Rs 5, key rings, buttons of shirts, etc. (see Fig.10.1). In a clock, you might have observ...

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Life Processes design in multi-cellular organisms are followed, a specialised tissue for excretion will be developed, which means that the transportation system will need to transport waste away from cells to this excretory tissue. Let us consider these various processes, so essential to maintain life, one by one. 1. W...

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Carbon and its Compounds Ethanoic acid is commonly called acetic acid and belongs to a group of acids called carboxylic acids. 5-8 solution of acetic acid in water is called vinegar and is used widely as a preservative in pickles. The melting point of pure ethanoic acid is 290 K and hence it often freezes during winter...

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PROOFS IN MATHEMATICS 293 2. Once again you are given four cards. Each card has a number printed on one side and a letter on the other side. Which are the only two cards you need to turn over to check whether the following rule holds? If a card has a consonant on one side, then it has an odd number on the other side. A...

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Lincoln to us Democracy is government of the people, by the people and for the people. We in Meghalaya always ruled ourselves. That is accepted by everyone. Why do we need to change that? Lyngdoh Madam I am not saying we need to change it. I too find this definition very beautiful. 2019-20

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India and the Contemporary World 130 Fig. 2 A Strangers Home, The Illustrated London News,1870. Night Refuges and Strangers Homes were opened in winter by charitable societies and local authorities in many towns. The poor flocked to these places in the hope of food, warmth and shelter. Imagine that you are a newspaper ...

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Nazism and the Rise of Hitler 49 In the spring of 1945, a little eleven-year-old German boy called Helmuth was lying in bed when he overheard his parents discussing something in serious tones. His father, a prominent physician, deliberated with his wife whether the time had come to kill the entire family, or if he shou...

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158 MATHEMATICS Let us now take some examples to illustrate the use of the above theorem. Example 1 In Fig. 9.13, ABCD is a parallelogram and EFCD is a rectangle. Also, AL DC. Prove that (i) ar (ABCD) ar (EFCD) (ii) ar (ABCD) DC AL Solution (i) As a rectangle is also a parallelogram, therefore, ar (ABCD) ar (EFCD) (The...

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Gender, Religion and Caste 41 their educational and career opportunities. More radical womens movements aimed at equality in personal and family life as well. These movements are called FEMINIST movements. Political expression of gender division and political mobilisation on this Discuss all these perceptions of an ide...

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150 MATHEMATICS Similarly, from OQD, OD2 OQ2 DQ2 (2) From OQC, we have OC2 OQ2 CQ2 (3) and from OAP, we have OA2 AP2 OP2 (4) Adding (1) and (2), OB2 OD2 BP2 OP2 OQ2 DQ2 CQ2 OP2 OQ2 AP2 (As BP CQ and DQ AP) CQ2 OQ2 OP2 AP2 OC2 OA2 From (3) and (4) EXERCISE 6.5 1. Sides of triangles are given below. Determine which of th...

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Poverty as a Challenge 29 Overview This chapter deals with one of the most difficult challenges faced by independent Indiapoverty. After discussing this multi-dimensional problem through examples, the chapter discusses the way poverty is seen in social sciences. Poverty trends in India and the world are illustrated thr...

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NATURAL RESOURCES 201 Activity 14.13 Find out which other molecules are thought to damage the ozone layer. Newspaper reports often talk about the hole in the ozone layer. Find out whether the size of this hole is changing and in what manner scientists think this would affect life on Earth (Fig. 14.9). Q What you have l...

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Forest Society and Colonialism 95 4.4 War and Deforestation The First World War and the Second World War had a major impact on forests. In India, working plans were abandoned at this time, and the forest department cut trees freely to meet British war needs. In Java, just before the Japanese occupied the region, the Du...

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33 Nehru Memorial Museum and Library, New Delhi 2019-20

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The Story of Village Palampur 7 Lets Discuss In the Picture 1.5, can you shade the land cultivated by the small farmers? Why do so many families of farmers cultivate such small plots of land? The distribution of farmers in India and the amount of land they cultivate is given in the following Graph 1.1. Discuss in the c...

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250 MATHEMATICS Let us represent the data given above graphically as follows (i) We represent the weights on the horizontal axis on a suitable scale. We can choose the scale as 1 cm 5 kg. Also, since the first class interval is starting from 30.5 and not zero, we show it on the graph by marking a kink or a break on the...

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Magnetic Effects of Electric Current We know that the magnetic field produced by a current-carrying wire at a given point depends directly on the current passing through it. Therefore, if there is a circular coil having n turns, the field produced is n times as large as that produced by a single turn. This is because t...

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SCIENCE 62 Was there a darkly coloured, spherical or oval, dot-like structure near the centre of each cell? This structure is called nucleus. Were there similar structures in onion peel cells? The nucleus has a double layered covering called nuclear membrane. The nuclear membrane has pores which allow the transfer of m...

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