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<Instruct>: Given the context 'Antimalarial drug resistance of Plasmodium falciparum in India: changes over time and space.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'plasmodium falciparum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: plasmodium mexicanum
B: plasmodium (laverania) falciparum (aka plasmodium falciparum)
C: plasmodium ovale (malaria parasite p. ovale) (aka plasmodium ovale)
D: plasmodium bubalis
E: plasmodium polare
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Resistance of Plasmodium falciparum to chloroquine was first reported in 1973 and increases in antimalarial resistance, along with rapid urbanisation and labour migration, complicated the challenge that India's large geographical area and population size already pose for malaria control.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'plasmodium falciparum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: plasmodium falciparum (plasmodium (laverania) falciparum) (aka plasmodium falciparum)
B: plasmodium fieldi
C: malaria parasite p. vivax (aka plasmodium vivax)
D: plasmodium chabaudi
E: plasmodium
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'We did a systematic review of P falciparum malaria drug-efficacy studies in India to summarise drug-resistance data and describe changes over the past 30 years to inform future policy.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'p falciparum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: plasmodium malariae
B: plasmodium (plasmodium) (plasmodium) (aka plasmodium (plasmodium))
C: plasmodium berghei
D: plasmodium
E: malaria parasite p. falciparum (aka plasmodium falciparum)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Continued use of chloroquine for treatment of P falciparum malaria in India will likely be ineffective.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'p falciparum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: plasmodium
B: plasmodium fragile
C: plasmodium fieldi
D: plasmodium falciparum (plasmodium (laverania) falciparum) (aka plasmodium falciparum)
E: plasmodium mexicanum
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Resistance to sulfa-pyrimethamine should be closely monitored to protect the effectiveness of treatment with artesunate plus sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine, which is the new first-line treatment for P falciparum malaria.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'p falciparum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: plasmodium chabaudi
B: plasmodium bubalis
C: plasmodium (laverania) falciparum (aka plasmodium falciparum)
D: malaria parasite p. vivax (aka plasmodium vivax)
E: plasmodium
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Fluorescent protein fusions in Candida guilliermondii.
Candida guilliermondii is an emerging fungal agent of candidiasis often associated with oncology patients.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'candida guilliermondii'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: endomyces guilliermondii (aka meyerozyma guilliermondii)
B: calliandra guildingii
C: candida glabrata (aka nakaseomyces glabratus)
D: candida guilliermondii var. nitratophila (aka cyberlindnera jadinii)
E: candida taylorii (aka [candida] taylorii)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Fluorescent protein fusions in Candida guilliermondii.
Candida guilliermondii is an emerging fungal agent of candidiasis often associated with oncology patients.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'candida guilliermondii'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: candida glabrata (aka nakaseomyces glabratus)
B: hanseniaspora guilliermondii
C: pichia gilliermondii (aka meyerozyma guilliermondii)
D: candida boidinii (aka [candida] boidinii)
E: calliandra guildingii
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'This yeast also remains a promising biotechnological model for the industrial production of value-added metabolites.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'yeast'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: saccharomyces marxianus (aka kluyveromyces marxianus)
B: saccharomyces italicus (aka saccharomyces cerevisiae)
C: saccharomycodes
D: saccharomyces ovalis (aka malassezia furfur)
E: saccharomyces rouxii (aka zygosaccharomyces rouxii)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'We demonstrated that C. guilliermondii phosphoglycerate kinase transcription-regulating sequences allow a constitutive expression of codon-optimized green, cyan, yellow and mCherry FP genes in C. guilliermondii cells and the fluorescence signal could be directly observed at the colony and blastospore level by epifluorescence microcopy.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'c. guilliermondii'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: candida guilliermondii var. nitratophila (aka cyberlindnera jadinii)
B: clavaria guilleminii
C: calliandra guildingii
D: meyerozyma guilliermondii (wick.) kurtzman & m. suzuki 2010 (aka meyerozyma guilliermondii)
E: thalassiosira guillardii (aka conticribra guillardii)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'We demonstrated that C. guilliermondii phosphoglycerate kinase transcription-regulating sequences allow a constitutive expression of codon-optimized green, cyan, yellow and mCherry FP genes in C. guilliermondii cells and the fluorescence signal could be directly observed at the colony and blastospore level by epifluorescence microcopy.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'c. guilliermondii'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: mucor guilliermondii
B: candida guilliermondii var. nitratophila (aka cyberlindnera jadinii)
C: endomyces guilliermondii (aka meyerozyma guilliermondii)
D: rhaphigaster guildini (aka piezodorus guildinii)
E: gaertnera guillotii
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'We demonstrated that C. guilliermondii phosphoglycerate kinase transcription-regulating sequences allow a constitutive expression of codon-optimized green, cyan, yellow and mCherry FP genes in C. guilliermondii cells and the fluorescence signal could be directly observed at the colony and blastospore level by epifluorescence microcopy.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'c. guilliermondii'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: calliandra guildingii
B: candida guilliermondii var. carpophila (aka meyerozyma carpophila)
C: mucor guilliermondii
D: thalassiosira guillardii (aka conticribra guillardii)
E: hanseniaspora guilliermondii
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'To illustrate differential targeting of the FPs into specified cellular compartments, we studied and validated the expected subcellular localization of various C. guilliermondii predicted proteins fused to FPs.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'c. guilliermondii'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: pichia gilliermondii (aka meyerozyma guilliermondii)
B: thalassiosira guillardii (aka conticribra guillardii)
C: rhaphigaster guildini (aka piezodorus guildinii)
D: guilliermondella marxiana (aka kluyveromyces marxianus)
E: cryptocarya guillauminii
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Furthermore, co-expression experiments of various couples of FP-tagged C. guilliermondii predicted proteins in the same cell showed that the fluorescence of each FP could be detected independently, providing firm evidences that YFP/CFP and GFP/mCherry pairs can be used for dual labeling in C. guilliermondii cells.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'c. guilliermondii'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: candida guilliermondii var. nitratophila (aka cyberlindnera jadinii)
B: thalassiosira guillardii (aka conticribra guillardii)
C: yamadazyma guilliermondii (aka meyerozyma guilliermondii)
D: hanseniaspora guilliermondii
E: clavaria guilleminii
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Furthermore, co-expression experiments of various couples of FP-tagged C. guilliermondii predicted proteins in the same cell showed that the fluorescence of each FP could be detected independently, providing firm evidences that YFP/CFP and GFP/mCherry pairs can be used for dual labeling in C. guilliermondii cells.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'c. guilliermondii'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: planchonella guillauminii
B: thalassiosira guillardii (aka conticribra guillardii)
C: meyerozyma guilliermondii (wick.) kurtzman & m. suzuki 2010 (aka meyerozyma guilliermondii)
D: dacrydium guillauminii
E: clavaria guilleminii
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'This technical advance will facilitate future studies of protein co-expression and co-localization in C. guilliermondii and will give precious help for elucidating new molecular events supporting pathogenicity, antifungal resistance and for exploring the potential of yeast metabolic engineering.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'c. guilliermondii'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: planchonella guillauminii
B: hanseniaspora guilliermondii
C: rhaphigaster guildini (aka piezodorus guildinii)
D: candida guilliermondii (castell.) langeron & guerra, 1938 (aka meyerozyma guilliermondii)
E: thalassiosira guillardii (aka conticribra guillardii)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'This technical advance will facilitate future studies of protein co-expression and co-localization in C. guilliermondii and will give precious help for elucidating new molecular events supporting pathogenicity, antifungal resistance and for exploring the potential of yeast metabolic engineering.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'yeast'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: saccharomyces rouxii (aka zygosaccharomyces rouxii)
B: saccharomycodes
C: saccharomyces marxianus (aka kluyveromyces marxianus)
D: saccharomyces cerevisiae (saccharomyces cerevisiae (desm.) meyen ex e.c. hansen, 1883) (aka saccharomyces cerevisiae)
E: saccharomyces fermentati (aka torulaspora delbrueckii)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Isolation and characterization of MAT genes in the symbiotic ascomycete Tuber melanosporum.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'tuber melanosporum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: tuber polymorphosporum
B: stibaroma melanotoxa
C: monotagma tuberosum
D: tuber melanosporum (perigord truffle) (aka tuber melanosporum)
E: secotium melanosporum (aka agaricus melanosporus)
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The genome of Tuber melanosporum has recently been sequenced.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'tuber melanosporum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: monotagma tuberosum
B: french truffle (aka tuber melanosporum)
C: tuber melanoexcavatum
D: glomus melanosporum
E: triepeolus melanarius
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'These analyses provided definitive evidence that T. melanosporum is a heterothallic species with a MAT locus that is organized similarly to those of ancient fungal lineages.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 't. melanosporum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: trichosporon
B: agaricus melanosporus (secotium melanosporum) (aka agaricus melanosporus)
C: glomus melanosporum
D: trichosporon oryzae (aka moesziomyces antarcticus)
E: tuber melanosporum (perigord truffle) (aka tuber melanosporum)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Microtubule dynamics in mitosis in Aspergillus nidulans.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'aspergillus nidulans'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: aspergillus domesticus
B: aspergillus avenaceus
C: aspergillus nidulans (eidam) g. winter, 1884 (aka aspergillus nidulans)
D: aspergillus oryzae (ahlb.) cohn, 1884 (aka aspergillus oryzae)
E: nassella nidulans
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Mitosis in Aspergillus nidulans is very rapid, requiring less than 5 min at 37 ^0C in germlings (Bergen and Morris, 1983).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'aspergillus nidulans'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: aspergillus avenaceus
B: aspergillus aureus
C: aspergillus oryzae (aspergillus oryzae (ahlb.) cohn, 1884) (aka aspergillus oryzae)
D: aspergillus tritici (aka aspergillus neotritici)
E: aspergillus nidulans (aspergillus nidulans (eidam) g. winter, 1884) (aka aspergillus nidulans)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Mitosis in Aspergillus nidulans is very rapid, requiring less than 5 min at 37 ^0C in germlings (Bergen and Morris, 1983).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'aspergillus nidulans'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: aspergillus lanosus
B: aspergillus domesticus
C: aspergillus aureolus (neosartorya aureola) (aka aspergillus aureolus)
D: nassella nidulans
E: aspergillus agricola
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Comparison of transcriptional and translational changes caused by long-term menadione exposure in Aspergillus nidulans.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'aspergillus nidulans'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: aspergillus avenaceus
B: aspergillus nidulans (eidam) g. winter, 1884 (aka aspergillus nidulans)
C: aspergillus aureus
D: neosartorya fumigata (aka aspergillus fumigatus)
E: nassella nidulans
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Under long-term oxidative stress caused by menadione sodium bisulfite, genome-wide transcriptional and proteome-wide translational changes were compared in Aspergillus nidulans vegetative cells.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'aspergillus nidulans'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: aspergillus aureus
B: nassella nidulans
C: aspergillus agricola
D: aspergillus aureolus (neosartorya aureola) (aka aspergillus aureolus)
E: aspergillus nidulans (aspergillus nidulans (eidam) g. winter, 1884) (aka aspergillus nidulans)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'A population of D. derouxi with eight or nine right kineties is also briefly described.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'd. derouxi'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: dysteria derouxi
B: derxia indica (aka derxia gummosa)
C: derouxella
D: dermacentor latus
E: dermacentor halli
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The morphology and infraciliature of three karyorelictean ciliates, Geleia sinica spec. nov. and two poorly known Kentrophoros species, K. flavus and K. gracilis, isolated from the intertidal zone of a beach at Qingdao, China, were investigated.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'geleia sinica spec. nov.'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: gelasia persica (scorzonera persica) (aka gelasia persica)
B: kibakoganea sinica
C: geleia sinica
D: gourretia sinica
E: gelidea torrida
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The morphology and infraciliature of three karyorelictean ciliates, Geleia sinica spec. nov. and two poorly known Kentrophoros species, K. flavus and K. gracilis, isolated from the intertidal zone of a beach at Qingdao, China, were investigated.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'k. flavus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: hyphococcus flavus
B: potos flavus (lemur flavus) (aka potos flavus)
C: agilicoccus flavus
D: molophilus flavus
E: necrophloeophagus flavus (aka geophilus flavus)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The morphology and infraciliature of three karyorelictean ciliates, Geleia sinica spec. nov. and two poorly known Kentrophoros species, K. flavus and K. gracilis, isolated from the intertidal zone of a beach at Qingdao, China, were investigated.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'k. gracilis'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: kentrophoros graciles (aka kentrophoros gracilis)
B: kniphofia gracilis
C: knema communis
D: blakea gracilis
E: karos gratiosus (aka huasteca gratiosa)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Geleia sinica spec. nov. is distinguished from its congeners by the following combination of characters: body medium-sized and slender-cylindrical; with a conspicuous prebuccal fossa; 28-34 somatic kineties; about 40 short adoral polykineties; intrabuccal kinety composed of 25-34 dikinetids; paroral kineties composed of closely spaced dikinetids.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'geleia sinica spec. nov.'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: geleia sinica
B: geleia sp.
C: gelis sp.
D: kallitaxila sinica (monopsis sinica) (aka kallitaxila sinica)
E: gelidea torrida
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In light of these new data the "well-known" morphotype, Geleia simplex (Faure-Fremiet, 1951), is redefined.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'geleia simplex (faure-fremiet, 1951)'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: feldmannia simplex
B: hypena simplex
C: diplotaxis simplex
D: geleia simplex
E: ophiotypa simplex
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Kentrophoros flavus Raikov and Kovaleva, 1968 is mainly characterized by having about 33 macronuclei and 12 micronuclei forming a row that extends along the cell meridian, and 12-19 ciliary rows on the right side of the cell.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'kentrophoros flavus raikov and kovaleva, 1968'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: poritiphilus flavus
B: xanthocytophaga flavus
C: pseudohydrobius flavus
D: agromyces flavus
E: kentrophoros flavus (kentrophoros sp. qd061123) (aka kentrophoros flavus)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Kentrophoros gracilis Raikov, 1963 is characterized by having about 14 macronuclei, 13 micronuclei and 10-13 kineties on the right side of the cell.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'kentrophoros gracilis raikov, 1963'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: geocharax gracilis
B: xenocicerina gracilis
C: karos gratiosus (aka huasteca gratiosa)
D: athlophorus gracilis
E: kentrophoros graciles (aka kentrophoros gracilis)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Kentrophoros gracilis Raikov, 1963 is characterized by having about 14 macronuclei, 13 micronuclei and 10-13 kineties on the right side of the cell.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'kentrophoros gracilis raikov, 1963'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: kryptolebias gracilis
B: zopherus gracilis
C: hoya gracilis
D: xenocicerina gracilis
E: streptanthus gracilis
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Although reduction of tobacco consumption remains the most appropriate strategy to reduce lung-cancer burden, identification of genes involved in the cause of disease could contribute to further understanding of the underlying mechanisms, and eventually lead to additional prevention strategies and targeted treatments.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'tobacco'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: nicotiana benthamiana
B: nicotiana tabacum (american tobacco) (aka nicotiana tabacum)
C: wood tobacco (aka nicotiana sylvestris)
D: wild tobacco (aka nicotiana rustica)
E: nicotiana occidentalis
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Most strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae carry the 57-kb gonococcal genetic island (GGI), as do a few strains of Neisseria meningitidis.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'neisseria gonorrhoeae'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: neisseria gonorrhoeae dgi18
B: neisseria gonorrhoeae k51.05
C: neisseria canis
D: neisseria pharyngis ('neisseria pharyngis') (aka neisseria pharyngis)
E: diplococcus gonorrhoeae (aka neisseria gonorrhoeae)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Most strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae carry the 57-kb gonococcal genetic island (GGI), as do a few strains of Neisseria meningitidis.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'neisseria meningitidis'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: gonococcus neisseri (aka neisseria gonorrhoeae)
B: neisseria meningitidis 2003051
C: neisseria meningitidis 2002020
D: micrococcus meningitidis (aka neisseria meningitidis)
E: neisseria meningitidis 1101
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'These data suggest a model of GGI excision and loss explaining the absence of the GGI from some gonococcal strains and the maintenance of variant GGIs in some gonococcal and meningococcal isolates.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'meningococcal'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: micrococcus meningitidis (aka neisseria meningitidis)
B: neisseria meningitidis serogroup y
C: micrococcus gonorrhoeae (aka neisseria gonorrhoeae)
D: neisseria meningitidis n 9/04
E: neisseria meningitidis n 18/01
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'We assessed the relative influence of variability in recruitment age, dynamic reproductive investment (time-specific reproductive states) and frailty (unobserved differences in survival abilities across individuals) on survival in the black-legged kittiwake.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'black-legged kittiwake'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: black kingsnake (aka lampropeltis nigra)
B: black-legged kittiwake (aka rissa tridactyla)
C: black kite (aka milvus migrans)
D: black catbird (aka melanoptila glabrirostris)
E: black-tailed rattlesnake (aka crotalus ornatus)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Two biological datasets for Aspergillus fumigatus and Candida albicans were analyzed using FungiFun, providing an overview of the usage and functions of the tool.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'aspergillus fumigatus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: eurotium oryzae (aka aspergillus oryzae)
B: sartorya fumigata (aka aspergillus fumigatus)
C: aspergillus cerealis
D: aspergillus terricola
E: aspergillus asperus (aka aspergillus asper)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Two biological datasets for Aspergillus fumigatus and Candida albicans were analyzed using FungiFun, providing an overview of the usage and functions of the tool.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'candida albicans'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: myceloblastanon albicans (aka candida albicans)
B: ozoroa albicans
C: typhlocyba albicans
D: cyathopsis albicans (styphelia albicans) (aka cyathopsis albicans)
E: argyra albicans
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Apical buds of Norway spruce (Picea abies) trees at high and low elevation were heated during 2006 and 2007.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'norway spruce'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: norway spruce (aka picea abies)
B: spruce pine (aka pinus glabra)
C: sitka spruce (aka picea sitchensis)
D: sargent spruce (aka picea brachytyla)
E: black spruce (aka picea mariana)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Apical buds of Norway spruce (Picea abies) trees at high and low elevation were heated during 2006 and 2007.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'picea abies'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: picea glehnii (abies glehnii) (aka picea glehnii)
B: picea brachytyla (abies brachytyla) (aka picea brachytyla)
C: picea
D: picea concolor (aka abies concolor)
E: picea abies (pinus abies l.) (aka picea abies)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In this study, we combined Bayesian multilevel models, path analyses and a model selection procedure to account for these complexities and to decipher the relative effects of host- and environment-related factors on the burden and the pathogenicity of an ectoparasite (Tracheliastes polycolpus) on its fish host (Leuciscus leuciscus).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'leuciscus leuciscus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: culter leucisculus (aka hemiculter leucisculus)
B: dace (aka leuciscus leuciscus) (aka leuciscus leuciscus)
C: leuciscus idus (leuciscus leuciscus idus) (aka leuciscus idus)
D: dicrurus leucophaeus
E: pristipoma leuciscus (aka haemulopsis leuciscus)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'In this study, we combined Bayesian multilevel models, path analyses and a model selection procedure to account for these complexities and to decipher the relative effects of host- and environment-related factors on the burden and the pathogenicity of an ectoparasite (Tracheliastes polycolpus) on its fish host (Leuciscus leuciscus).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'leuciscus leuciscus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: myxus leuciscus (aka neomyxus leuciscus)
B: dicrurus leucophaeus
C: leuciscus leuciscus idus (aka leuciscus idus)
D: curimatus leuciscus (aka steindachnerina leuciscus)
E: equulites leuciscus (equula leuciscus) (aka equulites leuciscus)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Physiological and morphological adaptations in relation to water use efficiency in Mediterranean accessions of Solanum lycopersicum.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'solanum lycopersicum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: solanum salicifolium
B: solanum ensifolium
C: solanum esculentum (aka solanum lycopersicum)
D: solanum longiconicum
E: solanum arboreum
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The physiological traits underlying the apparent drought resistance of 'Tomatiga de Ramellet' (TR) cultivars, a population of Mediterranean tomato cultivars with delayed fruit deterioration (DFD) phenotype and typically grown under non-irrigation conditions, are evaluated.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'tomato'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: solanum dioicum
B: lycopersicon esculentum (aka solanum lycopersicum)
C: solanum canense
D: solanum putii
E: solanum trifidum
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Eight different tomato accessions were selected and included six TR accessions, one Mediterranean non-TR accession (NTR(M)) and a processing cultivar (NTR(O)).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'tomato'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: lycopersicon esculentum (aka solanum lycopersicum)
B: solanum cornifolium
C: solanum putii
D: solanum latifolium
E: solanum trifidum
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Among the TR accessions two leaf morphology types, normal divided leaves and potato-leaf, were selected.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'potato'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: solanum proteanthum
B: ipomopsis gossypifera
C: potato tuberworm (aka phthorimaea operculella)
D: ipomoea tuberosa (aka distimake tuberosus)
E: wild sweet-potato vine (aka ipomoea pandurata)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The results confirm the existence of differential traits in the response to drought stress in Mediterranean accessions of tomato, and demonstrate that increases in the g(m)/g(s) ratio would allow improvements in A(N)/g(s) in horticultural crops.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'tomato'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: solanum pyrifolium
B: solanum corifolium
C: tomato (aka solanum lycopersicum)
D: lycopersicon chilense (aka solanum chilense)
E: solanum cornifolium
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The ubiquitous marine Chlorophyte alga Dunaliella tertiolecta was tested under identical UV-B flux densities coupled with ecologically realistic fluxes of UV-A and visible radiation for 6 and 12 h exposures.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'dunaliella tertiolecta'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: noctua tertia
B: daphne glomerata
C: dunaliella terricola
D: dunalia fasciculata
E: dunaliella tertiolecta
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The 13C/12C isotopic signal of day-respired CO2 in variegated leaves of Pelargonium x hortorum.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'pelargonium x hortorum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: pelargonium hybrid cultivar
B: pelargonium hortorum (aka pelargonium x hortorum)
C: pelargonium x asperum (pelargonium graveolens x pelargonium radens) (aka pelargonium x asperum)
D: pelargonium tomentosum
E: pelargonium x hederaefolium (aka pelargonium peltatum)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Here, we applied equations described previously for mesocosm CO(2) exchange to investigate the carbon isotope composition of CO(2) respired by autotrophic and heterotrophic tissues of Pelargonium x hortorum leaves, taking advantage of leaf variegation.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'pelargonium x hortorum'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: pelargonium hermanniifolium
B: pelargonium triandrum
C: pelargonium hortorum (aka pelargonium x hortorum)
D: pelargonium griseum
E: pelargonium tomentosum
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Auxin depletion in barley plants under high-temperature conditions represses DNA proliferation in organelles and nuclei via transcriptional alterations.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'barley'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: wheat (aka triticum aestivum)
B: hordeum marinum (seaside barley) (aka hordeum marinum)
C: barley (aka hordeum vulgare)
D: gibellina cerealis (gibellia cerealis) (aka gibellina cerealis)
E: rye (aka secale cereale) (aka secale cereale)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'We recently demonstrated that HT represses the expression of YUCCA auxin biosynthesis genes and reduces endogenous auxin in the developing anthers of barley and Arabidopsis.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'barley'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: barley (aka hordeum vulgare)
B: gibellina cerealis (gibellia cerealis) (aka gibellina cerealis)
C: wood-barley (aka hordelymus europaeus)
D: two-rowed barley (aka hordeum vulgare subsp. vulgare)
E: wild rye (aka elymus)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'We recently demonstrated that HT represses the expression of YUCCA auxin biosynthesis genes and reduces endogenous auxin in the developing anthers of barley and Arabidopsis.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'barley'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: wood-barley (aka hordelymus europaeus)
B: wild barley (aka hordeum vulgare subsp. spontaneum)
C: bread wheat (aka triticum aestivum)
D: two-rowed barley (aka hordeum vulgare subsp. vulgare)
E: hordeum (barleys) (aka hordeum)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Here, we show that DNA proliferation in mitochondria, chloroplasts and nuclei of developing panicles is inhibited with increasing temperatures in barley.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'barley'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: two-rowed barley (aka hordeum vulgare subsp. vulgare)
B: gibellia cerealis (aka gibellina cerealis)
C: barley (aka hordeum vulgare)
D: wild barley (aka hordeum vulgare subsp. spontaneum)
E: hordeum (barleys) (aka hordeum)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Experiments with wild-type Arabidopsis thaliana were designed to quantify the influences of parental environment and seed size on growth and development in the next generation.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'arabidopsis thaliana'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: agrotis atrux (scotia atrux) (aka agrotis atrux)
B: agrotis aurulenta (aka euxoa aurulenta)
C: arabis thaliana (aka arabidopsis thaliana)
D: arabidopsis thaliana x arabidopsis lyrata
E: arabis lyrata (aka arabidopsis lyrata)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Here, we examine how the vulnerability of xylem to water stress-induced cavitation and the coordination between water transport capacity and assimilation (A) influences diurnal water-use efficiency (WUE) and dry-matter production in Lolium perenne L. - a commercial forage grass.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'lolium perenne'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: lolium pratense (aka festuca pratensis)
B: lolium
C: festuca gigantea (aka lolium giganteum)
D: lomatogonium perenne
E: lolium perenne (festuca perennis (l.) columbus & j.p.sm., 2010) (aka lolium perenne)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Cotterillia bromelicola nov. gen., nov. spec., a gonostomatid ciliate (Ciliophora, Hypotricha) from tank bromeliads (Bromeliaceae) with de novo originating dorsal kineties.
Cotterillia bromelicola nov. gen., nov. spec.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'cotterillia bromelicola nov. gen., nov. spec.'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: bacillus camelliae (aka heyndrickxia camelliae)
B: baicalobdella cottidarum
C: cotterillia bromelicola (oxytrichidae gen. sp. ts-2010a) (aka cotterillia bromelicola)
D: camellia brevipetiolata
E: cotterillia
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Cotterillia bromelicola nov. gen., nov. spec., a gonostomatid ciliate (Ciliophora, Hypotricha) from tank bromeliads (Bromeliaceae) with de novo originating dorsal kineties.
Cotterillia bromelicola nov. gen., nov. spec.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'cotterillia bromelicola nov. gen., nov. spec.'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: oxytrichidae gen. sp. ts-2010a (aka cotterillia bromelicola)
B: bacillus camelliae (aka heyndrickxia camelliae)
C: cottendorfia
D: baicalobdella cottidarum
E: leptopharynx bromelicola
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'was discovered in the tanks of the Mexican bromeliad Tillandsia heterophylla.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'tillandsia heterophylla'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: lindsaea heterophylla
B: vigna heterophylla
C: tillandsia heterophylla
D: hemiphragma heterophyllum
E: tetrastigma heterophyllum
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Cotterillia has many cirral rows on both sides of the body.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'cotterillia'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: concurtisella
B: cottinella
C: primula cottia
D: cotterillia bromelicola (oxytrichidae gen. sp. ts-2010a) (aka cotterillia bromelicola)
E: cottogaster
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Uniquely, and thus used to diagnose the new genus Cotterillia, it has dorsal kineties originating de novo, producing neokinetal waves where the parental dorsal kineties reorganize to "combined rows", consisting of dorsal bristles anteriorly and of cirri posteriorly.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'cotterillia'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: cotterillia bromelicola (oxytrichidae gen. sp. ts-2010a) (aka cotterillia bromelicola)
B: sattleria cottiella
C: concurtisella
D: primula cottia
E: cottunculus
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Cotterillia bromelicola has a gonostomatid body and adoral zone of membranelles, while the dense ciliature and the neokinetal waves resemble kahliellid hypotrichs.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'cotterillia bromelicola'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: anthurium bromelicola
B: larkinella bovis
C: cotterillia
D: bordetella tumulicola
E: cotterillia bromelicola (oxytrichidae gen. sp. ts-2010a) (aka cotterillia bromelicola)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'However, the de novo origin of anlage 1 and the molecular analyses show convincingly that Cotterillia belongs to the Gonostomatidae Small and Lynn, 1985, for which an improved diagnosis is provided.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'cotterillia'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: cottarellicaris
B: sattleria cottiella
C: cotterillia bromelicola (oxytrichidae gen. sp. ts-2010a) (aka cotterillia bromelicola)
D: cottendorfia florida
E: cotta
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'However, the de novo origin of anlage 1 and the molecular analyses show convincingly that Cotterillia belongs to the Gonostomatidae Small and Lynn, 1985, for which an improved diagnosis is provided.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'cotterillia'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: cottea
B: primula cottia
C: cotterillia
D: cottus
E: cottunculus
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The molecular differences between Trachelostyla, Gonostomum, and Cotterillia are small (=< 5%) compared to their distinct morphologies and ontogeneses, suggesting that the 18S rDNA underestimates generic diversity.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'cotterillia'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: cottus
B: cottinella
C: cottapistus cottoides (perca cottoides) (aka cottapistus cottoides)
D: cotterillia bromelicola (oxytrichidae gen. sp. ts-2010a) (aka cotterillia bromelicola)
E: cottogaster
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The first full-length message for a VgR from a Lepidopteran insect was cloned and sequenced from the ovary of Spodoptera litura Fabricius (GenBank accession no. GU983858).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'spodoptera litura fabricius'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: spodoptera praefica
B: spodoptera ornithogalli (yellow-striped armyworm moth) (aka spodoptera ornithogalli)
C: spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm) (aka spodoptera frugiperda)
D: spodoptera evanida
E: spodoptera litura
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'S. litura VgR (SlVgR)comprised two ligand binding sites with four LDLR class A repeats in the first domain and seven in the second domain, an epidermal growth factor-like domain containing an LDLR class B repeat and a YWXD motif, a transmembrane domain and a cytoplasmic domain.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 's. litura'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: spodoptera littoralis (egyptian cotton leafworm) (aka spodoptera littoralis)
B: endoxyla lituratus (cossus lituratus) (aka endoxyla lituratus)
C: spodoptera litura
D: hadroplontus litura
E: solea liturata (aka ammotretis lituratus)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context '2. We tested these hypotheses by using populations of rice frogs Rana limnocharis on 20 islands in the Zhoushan Archipelago and two sites of nearby mainland China.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'rana limnocharis'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: rana ibanorum (aka limnonectes ibanorum)
B: rana hanluica
C: rana lateralis (aka humerana lateralis)
D: rana parva (aka limnonectes parvus)
E: fejervarya limnocharis (limnonectes limnocharis) (aka fejervarya limnocharis)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Oramoeba fumarolia gen. nov., sp. nov., a new marine heterolobosean amoeboflagellate growing at 54 ^0C.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'oramoeba fumarolia'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: oramoeba fumarolia
B: ormosia flava
C: bactra furfurana (tortrix furfurana) (aka bactra furfurana)
D: oramoeba
E: magnaporthe oryzae (aka pyricularia oryzae)
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The closest relatives are Stachyamoeba sp. ATCC50324, a strain isolated from an ocean sample, and Vrihiamoeba italica, a recent isolate from a rice field.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'stachyamoeba sp. atcc50324'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: stachyamoeba sp.
B: stheneboea sp.
C: stachybotryna sp.
D: stachyamoeba sp. atcc 50324
E: stachybotrys sp. hz-25
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The closest relatives are Stachyamoeba sp. ATCC50324, a strain isolated from an ocean sample, and Vrihiamoeba italica, a recent isolate from a rice field.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'vrihiamoeba italica'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: lachnaia italica
B: ophiobolopsis italica
C: soikiella italica
D: vriesea interrogatoria
E: vannella arabica
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The closest relatives are Stachyamoeba sp. ATCC50324, a strain isolated from an ocean sample, and Vrihiamoeba italica, a recent isolate from a rice field.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'rice'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: oryzihumus
B: asian cultivated rice (aka oryza sativa)
C: red rice (aka oryza longistaminata)
D: oryza meridionalis (australian wild rice) (aka oryza meridionalis)
E: oryza officinalis
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Because of the unique place in the molecular phylogenetic tree, and because there is no species found in the literature with similar morphological and physiological characteristics, this isolate is considered to be a new genus and a new species, Oramoeba fumarolia gen.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'oramoeba fumarolia'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: oramoeba fumarolia
B: ophiosphaerella oryzae
C: neobacillus fumarioli (bacillus fumarioli) (aka neobacillus fumarioli)
D: paracoenia fumosa
E: oramoeba
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The Candida albicans Rgd1 is a RhoGAP protein involved in the control of filamentous growth.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'candida albicans'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: parasaccharomyces albicans (aka candida albicans)
B: farigia albicans
C: candona albicans (aka pseudocandona albicans)
D: cataglyphis albicans (formica albicans) (aka cataglyphis albicans)
E: argyra albicans
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The Candida albicans Rgd1 is a RhoGAP protein involved in the control of filamentous growth.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'candida albicans'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: typhlocyba albicans
B: xylesthia albicans
C: athletes albicans
D: farigia albicans
E: candona albicans (aka pseudocandona albicans)
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'We investigated the role of Rgd1 RhoGAP, encoded by the Candida albicans RGD1 gene.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'candida albicans'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: ozoroa albicans
B: cataglyphis albicans (formica albicans) (aka cataglyphis albicans)
C: syringospora albicans (aka candida albicans)
D: typhlocyba albicans
E: xylesthia albicans
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Deletion of RGD1 in C. albicans results in sensitivity to low pH as already described for rgd1Delta in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'c. albicans'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: cataglyphis albicans (formica albicans) (aka cataglyphis albicans)
B: xylesthia albicans
C: mycotorula albicans (aka candida albicans)
D: ozoroa albicans
E: fibroporia albicans
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Deletion of RGD1 in C. albicans results in sensitivity to low pH as already described for rgd1Delta in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'saccharomyces cerevisiae'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: saccharomyces lactis (aka kluyveromyces lactis)
B: mycoderma cerevisiae (aka saccharomyces cerevisiae)
C: saccharomyces hansenii (aka debaryomyces hansenii)
D: saccharomyces albicans (aka candida albicans)
E: saccharomyces ovalis (aka malassezia furfur)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Our results demonstrate that Rgd1 is critical for filamentous formation in C. albicans especially for filamentous elongation.
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'c. albicans'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: cataglyphis albicans (formica albicans) (aka cataglyphis albicans)
B: typhlocyba albicans
C: ozoroa albicans
D: aerenica albicans (aka recchia albicans)
E: oidium albicans (aka candida albicans)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The validation of a real-time RT-PCR assay which detects influenza A and types simultaneously for influenza A H1N1 (2009) and oseltamivir-resistant (H275Y) influenza A H1N1 (2009).
', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'influenza a h1n1'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: influenza a virus (a/ws/1933(h1n1))
B: influenza virus type a (aka influenza a virus)
C: h1n1 swine influenza virus
D: influenza virus type b (aka influenza b virus)
E: influenzavirus a (aka alphainfluenzavirus)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'It was the aim of this study to develop a real-time RT-PCR that can detect all influenza A viruses and type simultaneously for influenza A H1N1 (2009) and oseltamivir resistant (H275Y) influenza A H1N1 (2009).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'influenza a viruses'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: influenza a virus (a/china)
B: influenza c viruses (aka influenza c virus)
C: alphainfluenzavirus (influenzavirus a) (aka alphainfluenzavirus)
D: influenza virus type a (aka influenza a virus)
E: swine influenza virus
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'It was the aim of this study to develop a real-time RT-PCR that can detect all influenza A viruses and type simultaneously for influenza A H1N1 (2009) and oseltamivir resistant (H275Y) influenza A H1N1 (2009).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'influenza a h1n1'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: influenza a virus (h1n1) (unidentified influenza a virus (h1n1)) (aka influenza a virus (h1n1))
B: influenza a virus (a/china)
C: influenza c virus (influenza virus type c) (aka influenza c virus)
D: influenza a virus (a/ws/1933(h1n1))
E: human influenza a virus (aka influenza a virus)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'It was the aim of this study to develop a real-time RT-PCR that can detect all influenza A viruses and type simultaneously for influenza A H1N1 (2009) and oseltamivir resistant (H275Y) influenza A H1N1 (2009).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'influenza a h1n1'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: swine influenza virus
B: influenza a virus (human influenza a virus) (aka influenza a virus)
C: influenza a virus (h1n1) (unidentified influenza a virus (h1n1)) (aka influenza a virus (h1n1))
D: h1n1 swine influenza virus
E: h1n1 (aka h1n1 subtype) (aka h1n1 subtype)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'This multiplex assay will allow laboratories to screen respiratory samples for all types of influenza A,', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'influenza a'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: influenza b virus (influenza virus type b) (aka influenza b virus)
B: human influenza a virus (aka influenza a virus)
C: influenza a virus (a/china)
D: swine influenza virus
E: influenza virus type c (aka influenza c virus)
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'influenza A H1N1 (2009) virus and oseltamivir resistant (H275Y) influenza A H1N1 (2009) virus in a rapid and cost effective format, ensuring that typing methods for seasonal and avian viruses are used on a smaller subset of samples.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'influenza a h1n1'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: human influenza a virus (aka influenza a virus)
B: influenza a virus (a/california/07/2008(h1n1))
C: influenza a virus (a/ws/1933(h1n1))
D: influenza virus type c (aka influenza c virus)
E: swine influenza virus
F: None of the above. | A |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'influenza A H1N1 (2009) virus and oseltamivir resistant (H275Y) influenza A H1N1 (2009) virus in a rapid and cost effective format, ensuring that typing methods for seasonal and avian viruses are used on a smaller subset of samples.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'influenza a h1n1'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: influenza a virus (a/ws/1933(h1n1))
B: influenzavirus a (aka alphainfluenzavirus)
C: influenza a virus (h1n1) (unidentified influenza a virus (h1n1)) (aka influenza a virus (h1n1))
D: influenza c virus (influenza virus type c) (aka influenza c virus)
E: h1n1 subtype (h1n1 (aka h1n1 subtype))
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'influenza A H1N1 (2009) virus and oseltamivir resistant (H275Y) influenza A H1N1 (2009) virus in a rapid and cost effective format, ensuring that typing methods for seasonal and avian viruses are used on a smaller subset of samples.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'influenza a h1n1'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: influenza a virus (a/ws/1933(h1n1))
B: h1n1 swine influenza virus
C: influenza virus (aka unidentified influenza virus)
D: human influenza a virus (aka influenza a virus)
E: h1n1 subtype (h1n1 (aka h1n1 subtype))
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Rapid detection of Newcastle disease virus replication in embryonated chicken eggs using quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction.
Newcastle disease virus (NDV), an avian paramyxovirus, is an economically important disease of poultry globally.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'newcastle disease virus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: newcastle disease virus (strain australia-victoria/32)
B: newcastle disease virus (strain h)
C: newcastle disease virus ndv (aka avian paramyxovirus 1)
D: duck plague virus (aka anatid alphaherpesvirus 1)
E: duck influenza virus
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Rapid detection of Newcastle disease virus replication in embryonated chicken eggs using quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction.
Newcastle disease virus (NDV), an avian paramyxovirus, is an economically important disease of poultry globally.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'chicken'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: gallacoccus
B: gallus gallus (gallus gallus domesticus) (aka gallus gallus)
C: gallus gallus gallus (gallus gallus philippensis) (aka gallus gallus gallus)
D: gallus
E: gallasellus
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Rapid detection of Newcastle disease virus replication in embryonated chicken eggs using quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction.
Newcastle disease virus (NDV), an avian paramyxovirus, is an economically important disease of poultry globally.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'newcastle disease virus'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: newcastle disease virus strain b1 (aka newcastle disease virus b1)
B: newcastle disease virus (strain las/46)
C: newcastle disease virus (strain iba/85)
D: newcastle disease virus class 1
E: ndv (aka avian paramyxovirus 1) (aka avian paramyxovirus 1)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Rapid detection of Newcastle disease virus replication in embryonated chicken eggs using quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction.
Newcastle disease virus (NDV), an avian paramyxovirus, is an economically important disease of poultry globally.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'ndv'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: exotic newcastle disease virus (newcastle disease virus end strain) (aka exotic newcastle disease virus)
B: broad bean necrosis virus (bbnv (aka broad bean necrosis virus))
C: newcastle disease virus (aka avian paramyxovirus 1)
D: galleria mellonella densovirus
E: denalis virus
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Rapid detection of Newcastle disease virus replication in embryonated chicken eggs using quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction.
Newcastle disease virus (NDV), an avian paramyxovirus, is an economically important disease of poultry globally.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'poultry'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: common turkey (aka meleagris gallopavo)
B: gallus sonneratii (gray junglefowl) (aka gallus sonneratii)
C: chicken (aka gallus gallus)
D: gallus gallus gallus (gallus gallus philippensis) (aka gallus gallus gallus)
E: gallus gallus spadiceus (perdix spadicea) (aka gallus gallus spadiceus)
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Quantitative real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and conventional RT-PCR techniques were compared for the detection of NDV genome replication in 9-11-day-old embryonated chicken eggs (ECE) using the nucleoprotein (NP) gene of the virus as a target.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'ndv'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: muninn virus
B: noveria virus
C: newcastle disease virus ndv (aka avian paramyxovirus 1)
D: common seabream nervous necrosis virus
E: tomato necrotic dwarf virus
F: None of the above. | C |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Quantitative real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and conventional RT-PCR techniques were compared for the detection of NDV genome replication in 9-11-day-old embryonated chicken eggs (ECE) using the nucleoprotein (NP) gene of the virus as a target.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'chicken'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: grey junglefowl (aka gallus sonneratii)
B: gallus
C: gallacoccus
D: green junglefowl (aka gallus varius)
E: gallus gallus (gallus gallus domesticus) (aka gallus gallus)
F: None of the above. | E |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The results suggest that at least two to fourfold increase in cycle threshold (C(t)) values over the baseline C(t) value of samples lacking infectious virus, would indicate live NDV replication.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'ndv'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: de nodal virus
B: rice black gall dwarf virus
C: common seabream nervous necrosis virus
D: newcastle disease virus (aka avian paramyxovirus 1)
E: muninn virus
F: None of the above. | D |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The limit of detection of NDV replication using qRT-PCR was 1x10(4.0) mean embryo infective doses (EID(50)).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'ndv'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: muninn virus
B: newcastle disease virus (aka avian paramyxovirus 1)
C: denwin virus
D: duck plague virus (aka anatid alphaherpesvirus 1)
E: west nile virus (wnv (aka west nile virus))
F: None of the above. | B |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'The limit of detection of NDV replication using qRT-PCR was 1x10(4.0) mean embryo infective doses (EID(50)).', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'ndv'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: northway virus
B: denwin virus
C: de nodal virus
D: muninn virus
E: tomato necrotic dwarf virus
F: None of the above. | F |
<Instruct>: Given the context 'Individual trees were co-inoculated to create mixed infections and all four pome fruit viroids and both stone fruit viroids could be detected in pear and peach trees, respectively, using the polyprobe.', select the correct biomedical concept corresponding to 'peach'. Answer using one of the provided options. | <Options>: A: yellow pea (aka lathyrus aphaca)
B: peach (aka prunus persica)
C: lathyrus cicera (flat-pod pea) (aka lathyrus cicera)
D: sweet pea (aka lathyrus odoratus)
E: marsh pea (aka lathyrus palustris)
F: None of the above. | B |
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