question stringlengths 4 11.7k | answer stringlengths 1 26k | evidence stringlengths 0 37.7k | yes_no bool 2
classes | paper_index int64 0 519 ⌀ | paper_id stringclasses 846
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What baselines are the proposed method compared against? | The answers are shown as follows:
* (Layer Normalized Skip-Thoughts, ST-LN) BIBREF31
* Cap2All, Cap2Cap, Cap2Img
| Adhering to the experimental settings of BIBREF1 , we concatenate sentence representations produced from our model with those obtained from the state-of-the-art unsupervised learning model (Layer Normalized Skip-Thoughts, ST-LN) BIBREF31 . We evaluate the quality of sentence representations produced from different vari... | false | null | 1712.00609 |
What is Mount Rainier? | Mount Rainier is a mountain in Washington State. It is part of a Cascade Range that spans across the Pacific Northwest of the America. Having an elevation of 14,411 feet. its highest point is always covered with snow. It is also a popular destination for many people for hiking and other outdoor activities. | false | null | null | |
What is Mario Puzo's most famous book? | The Godfather. Originally published in 1969, is a novel about a fictional crime family in New York. | false | null | null | |
What are the baselines? | CNN, LSTM, BERT | FLOAT SELECTED: Table 2: Results of baselines and scores of top 3 participants on valid and test datasets.
FLOAT SELECTED: Table 2: Results of baselines and scores of top 3 participants on valid and test datasets. | false | null | 1911.08962 |
How many professions did John Dassow have | John Dassow, Jr. (August 10, 1845 – October 8, 1917) was an American farmer, manufacturer, and politician.
Born in what is now Mecklenburg, Germany, Dassow emigrated with his parents, in 1861 to the United States and settled on a farm in the town of Sheboygan Falls, Sheboygan County, Wisconsin. In 1864 and 1865, Dasso... | false | null | null | |
What year did the Star Wars Trilogy premier in theaters? | The three films that consist of the original Star Wars Trilogy were released between 1977 and 1983. The films are below, listed in chronological order with their respective release dates:
- Star Wars (1977)
- The Empire Strikes Back (1980)
- Return of the Jedi (1983)
Following the original trilogy, another three film... | false | null | null | |
Classify each of the following as either titles by Ann M. Martin or Gertrude Chandler Warner: Bummer Summer, Belle Teal, A Corner of the Universe, Ten Kids, No Pets, Everything for a Dog, Surprise Island, Blue Bay Mystery, Mystery Ranch, Benny Uncovers a Mystery, The Boxcar Children | Ann M. Martin: Bummer Summer, Belle Teal, A Corner of the Universe, Ten Kids, No Pets, Everything for a Dog
Gertrude Chandler Warner: Surprise Island, Blue Bay Mystery, Mystery Ranch, Benny Uncovers a Mystery, The Boxcar Children | false | null | null | |
What is the dynamic meaning? | It is also dynamic, meaning it is easy to reflect future changes in attributes such as star-rating or addition of amenities in the embedding vectors without retraining. | Learning semantic representations (embeddings) of different entities, such as textual, commercial, and physical, has been a recent and active area of research. Such representations can facilitate applications that rely on a notion of similarity, for example recommendation systems and ranking algorithms in e-commerce.
I... | false | 250 | null |
Do vegetarians eat meat? | No, vegetarians do not eat meat. People who eat meat are called carnivores or omnivores. People who do not eat meat are called vegetarians. People who eat only fish are called pescatarians. People who do not consume any animals products are called vegans. | false | null | null | |
What linguistic features are used? | The answers are shown as follows:
* Parts of Speech (POS) tags
* Prior polarity of the words
* Capitalization
* Negation
* Text Feature
| We use two basic features:
Parts of Speech (POS) tags: We use the POS tagger of NLTK to tag the tweet texts BIBREF0 . We use counts of noun, adjective, adverb, verb words in a tweet as POS features.
Prior polarity of the words: We use a polarity dictionary BIBREF3 to get the prior polarity of words. The dictionary cont... | false | null | 1611.09441 |
where is Shelburne? | Shelburne lies at the southwest corner of Nova Scotia, at roughly the same latitude as Portland, Maine in the United States. The Mi'kmaq call the large and well-sheltered harbour Logumkeegan or Sogumkeagum. | false | null | null | |
What is the largest spider? | Goliath Birdeater | false | null | null | |
Give me 3 totally distinct ways to eat a banana | Peel and take bites of the whole banana; cut up the banana into slices; mash the banana and mix it with milk in a blender | false | null | null | |
What are the four main linguistic and cultural regions of Switzerland? | German, French, Italian and Romansh | Switzerland originates from the Old Swiss Confederacy established in the Late Middle Ages, following a series of military successes against Austria and Burgundy; the Federal Charter of 1291 is considered the country's founding document. Swiss independence from the Holy Roman Empire was formally recognised in the Peace ... | false | null | null |
Why did the authots conduct two extensive annotation studies? | Because the data come from a variety of sources and no assumptions about their actual content with respect to argumentation can be drawn. | We create a new corpus which is, to the best of our knowledge, the largest corpus that has been annotated within the argumentation mining field to date. We choose several target domains from educational controversies, such as homeschooling, single-sex education, or mainstreaming. A novel aspect of the corpus is its cov... | false | 106 | null |
What is the BERT? | BERT is a multi-layer bidirectional transformer encoder trained on the English Wikipedia and the Book Corpus containing 2,500M and 800M tokens, respectively, and has two models named BERTbase and BERTlarge. | Here, we analyze the BERT transformer model on the hate speech detection task. BERT is a multi-layer bidirectional transformer encoder trained on the English Wikipedia and the Book Corpus containing 2,500M and 800M tokens, respectively, and has two models named BERTbase and BERTlarge. BERTbase contains an encoder with ... | false | 95 | null |
What changes they did on input module? | The answers are shown as follows:
* For the DMN+, we propose replacing this single GRU with two different components. The first component is a sentence reader
* The second component is the input fusion layer
| For the DMN+, we propose replacing this single GRU with two different components. The first component is a sentence reader, responsible only for encoding the words into a sentence embedding. The second component is the input fusion layer, allowing for interactions between sentences. This resembles the hierarchical neur... | false | null | 1603.01417 |
What is the benefit of CI/CD | The benefit of CI/CD is to increase early defect discovery, increase productivity, and provide faster release cycles | For corporate communication topics, see Corporate identity and Corporate design.
Part of a series on
Software development
Core activities
Paradigms and models
Methodologies and frameworks
Supporting disciplines
Practices
Tools
Standards and bodies of knowledge
Glossaries
Outlines
vte
In software engineering, CI/CD or C... | false | null | null |
Do they report results only on English data? | Yes. | Three different datasets have been used to train our models: the Toronto book corpus, Wikipedia sentences and tweets. The Wikipedia and Toronto books sentences have been tokenized using the Stanford NLP library BIBREF10 , while for tweets we used the NLTK tweets tokenizer BIBREF11 . For training, we select a sentence r... | true | null | 1703.02507 |
What countries have won the rugby world cup? | - New Zealand
- Australia
- South Africa
- England | The most important competition in rugby union is the Rugby World Cup, a men's tournament that has taken place every four years since the inaugural event in 1987. South Africa are the reigning champions, having defeated England in the final of the 2019 Rugby World Cup in Yokohama. New Zealand and South Africa have each ... | false | null | null |
What flavors of girl scout cookies are available? | There are currently nine available girl scout cookie flavors, along with a rotating flavor that may change every year or make it's way into the cookie rotation. Adventurefuls cookies are brownie-inspired cookies with caramel flavored creme. Lemon-Ups cookies are crispy lemon flavored cookies. Trefoils cookies are iconi... | false | null | null | |
How is Toshiyuki written? | Toshiyuki can be written using different combinations of kanji characters. | Toshiyuki can be written using different combinations of kanji characters. Here are some examples:
敏幸, "agile, happiness"
敏行, "agile, go"
敏之, "agile, of"
敏志, "agile, determination"
敏恭, "agile, respectful"
俊幸, "talented, happiness"
俊行, "talented, go"
俊之, "talented, of"
俊志, "talented, determination"
俊恭, "talented, respe... | false | null | null |
What is a zerbert? | A zerbert is the act of touching lips on the skin of another person and exhaling in a way that makes a loud fart-like sound. It's likely that zerberts have been performed for as long as humans have evolved from the apes as a species with smooth enough skin to perform the task, but the term was popularized in the United... | false | null | null | |
Why does Nadal play tennis left-handed? | When he was younger, Rafa Nadal used to play with a double handed forehand. His uncle then recommended that he switch to a left-handed stroke in order to have a natural advantage on court. | At age 8, Nadal won an under-12 regional tennis championship at a time when he was also a promising football player. This made Toni Nadal intensify training, and it was at that time that his uncle encouraged Nadal to play left-handed for a natural advantage on the tennis court, after studying Nadal's then two-handed fo... | false | null | null |
What open source library are models implemented in? | OpenNMT-py. | The decoder is the one used in BIBREF12, BIBREF13, BIBREF10 with the same hyper-parameters. For the encoder module, both the low-level and high-level encoders use a two-layers multi-head self-attention with two heads. To fit with the small number of record keys in our dataset (39), their embedding size is fixed to 20. ... | false | 121 | null |
Give a bullet point list of all the names mentioned in this included paragraph. | - Mohammad
- Alauddin
- Kapaya Nayaka | When Mohammad inherited the newly born sultanate from his father Alauddin, the land was still infested with thieves and robbers. As such he spent the entire part of his reign in establishing law in his land. He ordered his governors to never give refuge to anyone who defied his authority. This campaign was successful a... | false | null | null |
Give me a title of one of the "Harry Potter" novels. | Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix | false | null | null | |
Is all text in this dataset a question, or are there unrelated sentences in between questions? | the dataset consists of pathology reports including sentences and questions and answers about tumor size and resection margins so it does include additional sentences | Our dataset is annotated based on Chinese pathology reports provided by the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ruijin Hospital. It contains 17,833 sentences, 826,987 characters and 2,714 question-answer pairs. All question-answer pairs are annotated and reviewed by four clinicians with three types of questions, na... | false | null | 1908.06606 |
Name some of the most well known soccer players in the world | While the best soccer players are a topic of regular debate among fans of the sport, the general consensus is that the most popular players known throughout the world are: Lionel Messi (Argentina), Cristiano Ronaldo (Portugal), Pele (Brazil) and Diego Maradona (Argentina). Diego Maradona and Pele were both known world... | false | null | null | |
What are the words of House Hastwyck? | "None So Dutiful" | false | null | null | |
Who won a gold medal alongside Waters in the coxed four? | Mick Brough, Jack Macdonald, Bert Sandos, and Arthur Eastwood won a gold medal alongside Waters in the coxed four. | A member of the Hamilton Rowing Club, Waters began rowing as a 17-year-old. In 1929 he was a member of the Hamilton four that won the national championship. In March of the following year, he participated in a trial race for selection of the New Zealand team to compete at the 1930 British Empire Games in Hamilton, Onta... | false | null | null |
Which unlabeled data do they pretrain with? | 1000 hours of WSJ audio data | We consider pre-training on the audio data (without labels) of WSJ, part of clean Librispeech (about 80h) and full Librispeech as well as a combination of all datasets (§ SECREF7 ). For the pre-training experiments we feed the output of the context network to the acoustic model, instead of log-mel filterbank features.
... | false | null | 1904.05862 |
Does modeling the dependency structure directly via tree encoders outperform a sequential BiLSTM architecture? | No, it doesn't. | Semantic parsing is a task of transducing natural language to meaning representations, which in turn can be expressed through many different semantic formalisms including lambda calculus BIBREF1, DCS BIBREF2, Discourse Representation Theory (DRT) BIBREF3, AMR BIBREF4 and so on. This availability of annotated data in En... | false | 278 | null |
Sell me this pencil | I’m not sure that this pencil is right for you. First, I would need to know more about why you need a pencil and what you will use it for. Once we discuss your requirements, we can determine if this specific pencil is a good fit for your needs. | false | null | null | |
Based on the given text, what is the population growth rate of Afghanistan since 1979? | There are varying accounts of the population of Afghanistan. The Afghanistan Statistics and Information Authority estimated the population at 32.9 million in 2019 whereas the UN estimates it at 38.90 million. In 1979 the total population was reported to be about 15.5 million. Using the following formula:
Percentage In... | The population of Afghanistan was estimated at 32.9 million as of 2019 by the Afghanistan Statistics and Information Authority, whereas the UN estimates over 38.0 million. In 1979 the total population was reported to be about 15.5 million. About 23.9% of them are urbanite, 71.4% live in rural areas, and the remaining 4... | false | null | null |
What is the most prominent street in Copenhagen Denmark? | Bredgade is the most prominent street in Denmark. It was created in the middle of the 18th century to commemorate teh House of Oldenburg's ascension to the Danish throne. | Bredgade (lit. "Broad Street") is one of the most prominent streets in Copenhagen, Denmark. Running in a straight line from Kongens Nytorv for just under one kilometre to the intersection of Esplanaden and Grønningen, it is one of the major streets in Frederiksstaden, a Rococo district laid out in the middle of the 18t... | false | null | null |
What were the reasons for Enzo Ferrari to leave Alfa Romeo and start his own auto company? | In 1937 Enzo Ferrari quit Alfa-Romeo under agreement that he could not race or design anything under his name for four years. During World War II, Ferrari's company was forced to undertake war production for Mussolini's fascist government, thus supplying auto parts for the Italian military. | false | null | null | |
What is used in the coding process? | Open-source NLP software, an abundance of online news content, and other technical advances made possible by open-source software. | Automated coding of political event data, or the record of who-did-what-to-whom within the context of political actions, has existed for roughly two decades. The approach has remained largely the same during this time, with the underlying coding procedures not updating to reflect changes in natural language processing ... | false | 353 | null |
How to learn or do something complex? | Nothing in the world is complex if you break down into the bits and pieces that made it. What you see as a complex thing is a person or multiple persons spending a lot of time adding more pieces on top of a very simple design. So the easiest way to do or learn something complex is to learn the basic first and try to bu... | false | null | null | |
Approx. how many nurses were enrolled in World War 2? | More than 100,000 nurses were enrolled to the Red Cross during WW2 | false | null | null | |
Given this summary of the movie Short Circuit, how can we conclude that what happened to number 5 was truly a miracle of life that manifested sentience, rather than a computer malfunction? | Short Circuit is a 1986 film about military robot that becomes sentient by lightening strike, escapes, learns, adapts, and over comes many challenges of a former robot attempting to prove its sentience to its makers and make a life for itself.
The miracle of life that is sentience has certain markers that distinguish... | Short Circuit is a 1986 American science fiction comedy film directed by John Badham and written by S. S. Wilson and Brent Maddock. The film's plot centers on an experimental military robot that is struck by lightning and gains a human-like intelligence, prompting it to escape its facility to learn more about the world... | false | null | null |
Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Triangle, Pinaka vina | Pinaka vina is string, Triangle is percussion. | false | null | null | |
What provoked the civil unrest incidents which started in 19th January 2023 in France based on the below passage? | The civil unrest in France on 19 January 2023 was provoked by the new proposal from the Borne government to increase retirement age.The current retirement age is 62, which is proposed to be increased to 64. Opponents of the bill organised protests against the government who used Article 49.3 of the constitution to forc... | A series of civil unrest incidents began in France on 19 January 2023, organised by opponents of the pension reform bill proposed by the Borne government, which would increase the retirement age from 62 to 64 years old. The strikes have led to widespread disruption, including garbage piling up in the streets and public... | false | null | null |
Who is the greatest physicist of all time? | There have been many great physicists over the years, and while it's not possible to say with certainty who was the 'greatest', Isaac Newton and Albert Einstein are very strong contenders for that title.
Isaac Newton (1642-1746) was an English physicist and mathematician most famous for inventing calculus, classical ... | false | null | null | |
Without quoting directly from the text give me a summary of the history of the Key Lime Pie. | Key lime pie is an American dessert pie. It is made of lime juice, egg yolks, and sweetened condensed milk. It is best served with meringue topping and is typically cooked in a graham cracker crust.
The dish is named after the small Key limes which which have yellow juice complementing the filling which is typically y... | Key lime pie is probably derived from the "Magic Lemon Cream Pie" published in a promotional brochure by Borden, a producer of condensed milk, in 1931. The recipe is attributed to Borden's fictional spokesperson, Jane Ellison, and includes condensed milk, lemon juice and rind, and egg yolks. It is covered with meringue... | false | null | null |
What is a Central Bank? | A central bank, reserve bank, or monetary authority is an institution that manages the currency and monetary policy of a country or monetary union, and oversees their commercial banking system. In contrast to a commercial bank, a central bank possesses a monopoly on increasing the monetary base. Most central banks also... | false | null | null | |
Give me a simple summary of idempotency | Idempotency is a mathematical property where if you apply an operation multiple times, the result remains the same -- just as if you had only applied the operation once. Idempotency can grant you at-most-once semantics. | Idempotence (UK: /ˌɪdɛmˈpoʊtəns/, US: /ˈaɪdəm-/) is the property of certain operations in mathematics and computer science whereby they can be applied multiple times without changing the result beyond the initial application. The concept of idempotence arises in a number of places in abstract algebra (in particular, in... | false | null | null |
Why are weddings so expensive? | In 2023, the wedding industry continues to raise its prices. There are many things to account for like the cost of food and beverage, as well as service and decorations. Flowers need to be cared for and require skill creating arrangements. Other costs to consider when planning a wedding are hair and makeup costs, cerem... | false | null | null | |
Where should I fly fish for trout in Washington state? | Some of the popular bodies of water to fish for trout in Washington state are the Yakima River, Naches River, the Middle Fork of the Snoqualmie, and the beaches of the puget sound. You can also find excellent trout fishing in Washington’s high lakes, although not all lakes are able to support a healthy population of tr... | false | null | null | |
What are the two variants of Binary PV-DBOW evaluated by the authors? | one predicting words in documents and one predicting words and bigrams. | To assess the performance of binary paragraph vectors, we carried out experiments on three datasets: 20 Newsgroups, a cleansed version (also called v2) of Reuters Corpus Volume 1 (RCV1) and English Wikipedia. As paragraph vectors can be trained with relatively large vocabularies, we did not perform any stemming of the ... | false | 393 | null |
What is the limitation of the unsupervised approach in the case? | It can lead to communication schemes that are uninterpretable to humans. | Suppose a user wants to write a sentence “I will be 10 minutes late.” Ideally, she would type just a few keywords such as “10 minutes late” and an autocomplete system would be able to infer the intended sentence (Figure FIGREF1). Existing left-to-right autocomplete systems BIBREF0, BIBREF1 can often be inefficient, as ... | false | 14 | null |
How does their model learn using mostly raw data? | by exploiting discourse relations to propagate polarity from seed predicates to final sentiment polarity | In this paper, we propose a simple and effective method for learning affective events that only requires a very small seed lexicon and a large raw corpus. As illustrated in Figure FIGREF1, our key idea is that we can exploit discourse relations BIBREF4 to efficiently propagate polarity from seed predicates that directl... | false | null | 1909.00694 |
Tell me whether these are nouns or verbs: Run, Dance, Slide, Jump, Think, Book, Noah Webster, Cat, Omaha, Softness, Justice. | Run is a verb.
Dance is a verb.
Slide is a verb.
Jump is a verb.
Think is a verb.
Book is a noun.
Noah Webster is a noun.
Cat is a noun.
Omaha is a noun.
Softness is a noun.
Justice is a noun. | false | null | null | |
What are some of the challenges when walking with crutches? | You will probably find it intuitive to use crutches to move around flat areas when you have a leg injury. You may not immediately know how to safely move up and down stairs with crutches, but there are many videos on the Internet that show clear examples of how to do so, with or without a handrail as support. One of th... | false | null | null | |
what are some types of vandalism? | Some types of vandalism are obscenities and crude humor, advertising, deliberate addition of plausible but false information, and irrelevant formatting. | Any change or edit that manipulates content in a way that deliberately compromises Wikipedia's integrity is considered vandalism. The most common and obvious types of vandalism include additions of obscenities and crude humor; it can also include advertising and other types of spam. Sometimes editors commit vandalism b... | false | null | null |
Why do toddlers throw tantrums? | There are many triggers that may cause toddlers to throw a tantrum, such as hunger or exhaustion. But the reason that toddlers often lose control of their emotions and become seemingly inconsolable is that as toddlers develop emotionally, they start to experience new feelings or start to feel things more deeply. When t... | false | null | null | |
Please give me a bulleted list of the fundamentals of baseball | - Baseball is a bat-and-ball sport played between two teams of nine players each, taking turns batting and fielding.
- The object of the game in to score more runs than the opposing team.
- Runs are score only by the batting team during their at bats. While batting you are allowed 3 outs before you will have to switch ... | Baseball is a bat-and-ball sport played between two teams of nine players each, taking turns batting and fielding. The game occurs over the course of several plays, with each play generally beginning when a player on the fielding team, called the pitcher, throws a ball that a player on the batting team, called the batt... | false | null | null |
What was used for word embeddings in the preprocessing step? | Pre-trained GloVe vectors were used for word embedding, and they would not be updated during training. | In the preprocessing step, we used pre-trained GloVe vectors for word embeddings, and they would not be updated during training; We padded sentence number in each passage to 101, all word number in each sentence to 100. Word number of queries and choices were padded to 50. For all kernels of CNN, INLINEFORM0 , each of ... | false | 158 | null |
Could you learn such embedding simply from the image annotations and without using visual information? | Yes. | Another approach for generating query and image representations is treating images as a black box. Without using pixel data, how well can we do? Given the statistics of our dataset (3B query, image pairs with 220M unique queries and 900M unique images), we know that different queries co-occur with the same images. Intu... | true | null | 1905.12260 |
How did the author conduct the ablation experiment? | They design an ablation study on the core modules of their model to explore their effectiveness. The dataset used in this experiment is SST-2. To conduct the experiment, they only replace the target module with other candidates while maintaining the other settings. | In this section, we design an ablation study on the core modules of our model to explore their effectiveness. The dataset used in this experiment is SST-2. To conduct the experiment, we only replace the target module with other candidates while maintaining the other settings. To be specific, we focus on two modules, th... | false | 26 | null |
What is the baseline model？ | TransE. | Link prediction is a subtask of knowledge graph completion to complete a triplet $(h, r, t)$ with $h$ or $t$ missing, i.e., predict $t$ given $(h, r)$ or predict $h$ given $(r, t)$ . Rather than requiring one best answer, this task emphasizes more on ranking a set of candidate entities from the knowledge graph.
Similar... | false | 88 | null |
What are the two main differences between the author's work and previous work? | Firstly, they show that consistency can be improved with only monolingual document-level training data. Secondly, the DocRepair model is decoupled from the first-pass MT system, which improves its portability. | Neural models of MT that go beyond the sentence-level are an active research area BIBREF2, BIBREF3, BIBREF4, BIBREF5, BIBREF6, BIBREF7, BIBREF8, BIBREF10, BIBREF9, BIBREF11. Typically, the main MT system is modified to take additional context as its input. One limitation of these approaches is that they assume that par... | false | 142 | null |
Which part of the joke is more important in humor? | The answers are shown as follows:
* the punchline of the joke
| In order to understand what may be happening in the model, we used the body and punchline only datasets to see what part of the joke was most important for humor. We found that all of the models, including humans, relied more on the punchline of the joke in their predictions (Table 2). Thus, it seems that although both... | false | null | 1909.00252 |
What are the different ways to save money? | There are many ways, but to do a deep analysis, you must first understand where you spend the most money.
Here are some opportunities to save money
-eliminate recurring expenses such as subscriptions
-refinance expensive loans such as your mortgage
-reduce unnecessary or luxuries such as an outside coffee
-use your... | false | null | null | |
In which cities was the AFL Grand Final played during COVID-19 ? | The AFL Grand Final was played in Brisbane in 2020 and Perth in 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Usually the AFL Grand Final is played in Melbourne, Victoria. | The COVID-19 pandemic affected the scheduling of the match in 2020 and 2021, as outbreaks of the virus in Melbourne during finals precluded unrestricted travel and mass gatherings in Victoria. In 2020, when most of the league's clubs had been relocated to Queensland for the majority of the season, the grand final was p... | false | null | null |
What is the 2nd amendment of the US constitution? Is it misunderstood? | The 2nd amendment of the US constitution relates to the right to bear arms. The exact text, from the web, is "A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed." This is a contentious law given that guns are a tool of viole... | false | null | null | |
What hypotheses do the experimental designs address? | Hypothesis 1 (H1) : Training complex abstractive models with limited in-domain or large quantities of out-of-domain data won’t be enough to outperform extractive baselines. Hypothesis 2 (H2) : Domain transfer helps abstractive models even if in-domain and out-of-domain data are very different and the amount of in-domai... | Our experimental designs address the following hypotheses:
Hypothesis 1 (H1) : Training complex abstractive models with limited in-domain or large quantities of out-of-domain data won't be enough to outperform extractive baselines.
Hypothesis 2 (H2) : Domain transfer helps abstractive models even if in-domain and out-o... | false | 6 | null |
What are the different type of coats of dogs? | The coat of a dog varies depending on its breed. Typically a dog could have either a "double" coat or a "single" coat. "Double" coats are originated from breeds that live in colder climates. This type of coat consist of a coarse guard hair and a soft down hair. Dogs with "single" coat only has the topcoat. | The coats of domestic dogs are of two varieties: "double" being familiar with dogs (as well as wolves) originating from colder climates, made up of a coarse guard hair and a soft down hair, or "single", with the topcoat only. Breeds may have an occasional "blaze", stripe, or "star" of white fur on their chest or unders... | false | null | null |
Eric Arthur Blaire was the real name of which author | George Orwell | false | null | null | |
Write a brief history of the world as told from the perspective of a redwood. | The first thing I remember is darkness. I had found myself nestled under a pile of leaves and broken branches, just starting to sprout from an old rotting stump. It was pretty warm. As I peeked into the crisp new air, I saw ferns, spiders, and buzzing flies surrounding me. But the thing that caught my attention mos... | false | null | null | |
What's the percentage of the corpus includes abuse? | About 5%. | We first gather abusive utterances from 600K conversations with US-based customers. We search for relevant utterances by simple keyword spotting and find that about 5% of the corpus includes abuse, with mostly sexually explicit utterances. Previous research reports even higher levels of abuse between 11% BIBREF2 and 30... | false | 171 | null |
What is alternative rock? | Alternate rock is a form of rock music popularized in the early 1990s. It was formed to distinguish itself as an "Alternative" to commercial rock and pop music. Artists that fell into this category were more underground and had smaller independent record labels. Most artists were first heard on college radio stations o... | Alternative rock (also known as alternative music, alt-rock, or simply alternative) is a category of rock music that emerged from the independent music underground of the 1970s and became widely popular in the 1990s. "Alternative" refers to the genre's distinction from mainstream or commercial rock or pop music. The te... | false | null | null |
In 1779 Abraham Darby built the worlds first what | Metal Bridge | false | null | null | |
What are three capital cities in South America? | Three capital cities in South America are Montevideo, Quito, and Lima. | false | null | null | |
From the following list, tell me whether these animals are real of fictitious: unicorn, alpaca, kangaroo rat, griffin, centaur, colossal squid | Unicorns, griffins and centaurs are fictitious animals while alpacas, kangaroo rats and colossal squids are real animals | false | null | null | |
How is the Maasai dance called the Adumu commonly called by other peoples? | The Adumu is known elsewhere as "the jumping dance" as part of it involves jumping high in the air. | Maasai music traditionally consists of rhythms provided by a chorus of vocalists singing harmonies while a song leader, or olaranyani, sings the melody. Unlike most other African tribes, Maasai widely use drone polyphony.
Women chant lullabies, humming songs, and songs praising their sons. Nambas, the call-and-respons... | false | null | null |
Tell me what I need to know about the Dunning Kruger effect. | The Dunning-Kruger effect refers to the tendency for people to over-estimate their ability to perform a particular task, particular if they are low-skilled at that task. Related research suggests that the converse is also true; high-skills performers tend to underestimate their ability. The effect was validated throu... | The Dunning–Kruger effect is a cognitive bias whereby people with low ability, expertise, or experience regarding a certain type of task or area of knowledge tend to overestimate their ability or knowledge. Some researchers also include the opposite effect for high performers: their tendency to underestimate their skil... | false | null | null |
If each client was served by the same number of professionals, how many professionals (round to one decimal place) would each client be served by? | 3283 professionals and 1700 clients, so 3283/1700 = 1.9 professionals serving each client. | RGP, formerly known as Resources Global Professionals, is the operating arm of Resources Connection, Inc. (NASDAQ:RGP). The company provides consulting services in the areas of finance & accounting; information management; governance, risk & compliance (GRC); human capital; legal & regulatory; corporate advisory & rest... | false | null | null |
What style of English did Shakespeare use? | The language in which Shakespeare wrote is referred to as Early Modern English, a linguistic period that lasted from approximately 1500 to 1750. The language spoken during this period is often referred to as Elizabethan English or Shakespearian English. | false | null | null | |
Extract the countries that are named in the text separated by a comma. | Brazil, Peru, Colombia, Bolivia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela, France | The Amazon rainforest, also called Amazon jungle or Amazonia, is a moist broadleaf tropical rainforest in the Amazon biome that covers most of the Amazon basin of South America. This basin encompasses 7,000,000 km2 (2,700,000 sq mi), of which 5,500,000 km2 (2,100,000 sq mi) are covered by the rainforest. This region in... | false | null | null |
In which language task does the model perform better than others? | English-Czech, English-Latvian (NMT) and English-Latvian (SMT) word-level QE task. | Quality estimation (QE) refers to the task of measuring the quality of machine translation (MT) system outputs without reference to the gold translations BIBREF0 , BIBREF1 . QE research has grown increasingly popular due to the improved quality of MT systems, and potential for reductions in post-editing time and the co... | false | 310 | null |
How do authors evaluate their models? | Using a word-based and character-based text classification model on benchmark classification tasks: sentiment classification and news categorization. | Adversarial examples are generally minimal perturbations applied to the input data in an effort to expose the regions of the input space where a trained model performs poorly. Prior works BIBREF0, BIBREF1 have demonstrated the ability of an adversary to evade state-of-the-art classifiers by carefully crafting attack ex... | false | 281 | null |
Given these paragraphs about Asperger syndrome, what are typical interventions that help improve the person's ability to function in the everyday world? | Interventions may include social skills training, cognitive behavioral therapy, physical therapy, speech therapy, parent training, and medications for associated problems, such as mood or anxiety. | Asperger syndrome (AS), also known as Asperger's, is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by significant difficulties in social interaction and nonverbal communication, along with restricted and repetitive patterns of behaviour and interests. The syndrome is no longer recognised as a diagnosis in itself, having... | false | null | null |
I locked myself out of my apartment. Can you help me come up a few ways to get back in? | Here are a few ways you might be able to get back into your apartment.
* Try to recall if you left a spare key with a friend or under a doormat.
* Call your landlord or your building's front desk (if it has one) to see if they can let you in.
* If you have an open window, that's easily accessible, see if you can climb ... | false | null | null | |
What is the name of the largest train station in Amsterdam | The largest train station in Amsterdam is called Centraal Station. | false | null | null | |
How long does it take for a mustard seed to germinate? | Mustard seeds generally take eight to ten days to germinate if placed under the proper conditions, which include a cold atmosphere and relatively moist soil. | Mustard seeds are the small round seeds of various mustard plants. The seeds are usually about 1 to 2 millimetres (0.039 to 0.079 in) in diameter and may be colored from yellowish white to black. They are an important spice in many regional foods and may come from one of three different plants: black mustard (Brassica ... | false | null | null |
What do the authors investigate in this paper? | Two different types of NNs: recurrent neural networks (RNNs) and convolutional neural networks (CNNs) as well as their combination. | Relation classification is the task of assigning sentences with two marked entities to a predefined set of relations. The sentence “We poured the <e1>milk</e1> into the <e2>pumpkin mixture</e2>.”, for example, expresses the relation Entity-Destination(e1,e2). While early research mostly focused on support vector machin... | false | 129 | null |
How can I do a figure skating salchow jump? | Assuming you want to jump counterclockwise, to do a salchow you'll first want to do a solid left outside three turn. After exiting the three turn on your back inside edge, you will want to bring your free leg up and arms up into the jump. The jump takes off using your left toe pick and lands on your right foot with a t... | false | null | null | |
What does S3 stands for? | S3 stands for Amazon Simple Storage Service. | false | null | null | |
When is Croatian Independence Day? | Croatian Independence Day (Dan Neovisnosti) is celebrated on June 25th. The holiday was established in 2001, but was celebrated on October 8th from 2002 to 2019 which was the day in 1991 when Croatian Parliament declared to end relations with all of the Socialist Republics of Yugoslavia. June 25th, 1991 was the day whe... | The Croatian referendum on independence was held in May 1991, with 93% of voters supporting independence. On 25 June, the Croatian Parliament (Sabor) proclaimed Croatian independence. Seven days later, on 7 July, Croatia and Slovenia both signed the Brioni Declaration, in which the two countries agreed to suspend all d... | false | null | null |
How to define CLEAN (CLN) in the data? | CLEAN (CLN): Clean tweets do not contain vulgar or offensive language. | We developed the annotation guidelines jointly with an experienced annotator, who is a native Arabic speaker with a good knowledge of various Arabic dialects. We made sure that our guidelines were compatible with those of OffensEval2019. The annotator carried out all annotation. Tweets were given one or more of the fol... | false | 83 | null |
Make a poem about color and style | Why is the sky blue? It makes me sad
A new color wouldn't be so bad
I change it to yellow.
That will surely make me a jolly good fellow.
Why is the grass green?
It looks and dirty and mean
It should be pink
That will make people think
I look at the trees
With nests full of bees
The trunk is brown
That makes me fro... | false | null | null | |
What is the difference between bills, notes, and bonds? | Treasury bills are issued by the U.S. government and have a maturity of one year or less. Treasury notes are issued and have a maturity between 2 and 10 years. Treasury bonds have a maturity of greater than 10 years. | false | null | null | |
Why is it so difficult to make every free throw in basketball? | Making every free throw in basketball requires the perfect form every time, allowing for only a slight variation in shooting motion. Anything beyond that will cause the ball to miss the sweet spot, resulting in a miss. Although muscle memory is very powerful, it is difficult to execute the exact same form every time. A... | false | null | null | |
What is their language modeling tool? | KenLM. | Training Language Models (LMs) is a straightforward way to collect a set of rules by utilizing the fact that words do not appear in an arbitrary order; we in fact can gain useful information about a word by knowing the company it keeps BIBREF7 . A statistical language model estimates the probability of a sequence of wo... | false | 262 | null |
What has been the idea of Atlanticism | Atlanticism, also known as Transatlanticism, is the ideological belief in support for a close relationship between the peoples and governments of the allies to NATO in Northern America (the United States and Canada) and those in Europe (the countries of the European Union, Ukraine, the United Kingdom, Switzerland, Norw... | Atlanticism, also known as Transatlanticism, is the ideological belief in support for a close relationship between the peoples and governments of the allies to NATO in Northern America (the United States and Canada) and those in Europe (the countries of the European Union, Ukraine, the United Kingdom, Switzerland, Norw... | false | null | null |
Who is the current manager of Arsenal Football Club? | The current manager of Arsenal Football Club is Mikel Arteta | false | null | null | |
Based on this paragraph about the early career of John C. Young (pastor), after the resignation of which whom was Young offered the presidency of Centre College in Danville, Kentucky? | Gideon Blackburn | After he received a license to preach from the Presbytery of New York on March 7, 1827, Young's career in the ministry began following his graduation from Princeton. In 1828, he moved to Lexington, Kentucky, where he was appointed to the pastorate of McChord Presbyterian Church (now Second Presbyterian Church), founded... | false | null | null |
Why are mama's boys the worst partners? | Mama's boys grow up to be horrible partners because they never really grow up to be fully functioning adults. They were raised thinking they are the center of the universe. Their moms made them believe they could do no wrong. They never learned how to be considerate of other people's feelings. They learned that no matt... | false | null | null | |
What is relational database | Relational Databases are based on relational data models designed to store data in rows & columns and in a tabular format. RDBMS is famous for its SQL (Structured Query Language), and can fit to any tech stack. RDBMS is mostly meant for transactional use cases, OLTP with the ability to process data in milliseconds. A l... | A relational database is a (most commonly digital) database based on the relational model of data, as proposed by E. F. Codd in 1970. A system used to maintain relational databases is a relational database management system (RDBMS). Many relational database systems are equipped with the option of using SQL (Structured ... | false | null | null |
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