question stringlengths 4 11.7k | answer stringlengths 1 26k | evidence stringlengths 0 37.7k | yes_no bool 2
classes | paper_index int64 0 519 ⌀ | paper_id stringclasses 846
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How do they select answer candidates for their QA task? | The answers are shown as follows:
* AMS method.
| Each training sample is generated by three steps: align, mask and select, which we call as AMS method. Each sample in the dataset consists of a question and several candidate answers, which has the same form as the CommonsenseQA dataset. An example of constructing one training sample by masking concept $_2$ is shown in... | false | null | 1908.06725 |
What is the difference between Azure Synapse Dedicated SQL Pools and Serverless SQL Pools? | Azure Synapse Dedicated SQL pools is based on the legacy on-prem MS SQL Server technology of the past, while Azure Synapse SQL Serverless Pools is a new technology built from the ground up by a different Microsoft team using a modern distributed query processing engine reading files directly on top of ADLS.
Based on t... | false | null | null | |
Which famous Dutch dancer was convicted of being a spy for Germany during WW1 | Berthe Kuyck was a famous Dutch dancer who was convicted of being a spy for Germany during World War I. She was sentenced to death but her sentence was later commuted to life imprisonment. | false | null | null | |
how can we prevent the best river floods? | Prominent levee systems have been built as a water conservation and flood control project.
The Mississippi River and Sacramento River in the United States, and the Po, Rhine, Meuse River, Rhône, Loire, Vistula, the delta formed by the Rhine, Maas/Meuse and Scheldt in the Netherlands and the Danube in Europe. The Missi... | Prominent levee systems have been built along the Mississippi River and Sacramento River in the United States, and the Po, Rhine, Meuse River, Rhône, Loire, Vistula, the delta formed by the Rhine, Maas/Meuse and Scheldt in the Netherlands and the Danube in Europe. During the Chinese Warring States period, the Dujiangya... | false | null | null |
Classify each of the following as either a vegetarian option or not: chicken fried rice, green beans, strawberry banana smoothie, oatmeal, steak, scrambled eggs | The vegetarian options are green beans, strawberry banana smoothie, oatmeal, and scrambled eggs. The non-vegetarian options are chicken fried rice and steak. | false | null | null | |
Can kitesurfers sail up against the wind? | Yes, kitesurfers can sail up against the wind by edging their surfboard upwind at a slight angle relative to 90 degrees crosswind. Depending on the equipment and skill, kitesurfers can generally achieve an upwind angle of ~20 degrees. | false | null | null | |
How faster is training and decoding compared to former models? | Proposed vs best baseline:
Decoding: 8541 vs 8532 tokens/sec
Training: 8h vs 8h | In order to verify the time complexity analysis of our model, we measured the running time and speed of BIAF, STACKPTR and our model on PTB training and development set using the projective algorithm. The comparison in Table TABREF24 shows that in terms of convergence time, our model is basically the same speed as BIAF... | false | null | 1911.08673 |
Give me a list of different types of cold coffee beverages. | - Blended (also known as frappe)
- Cà phê đen (Vietnamese iced coffee)
- Cold brew
- Iced coffee
- Iced espresso
- Iced latte (with or without flavoring)
- Nitro cold brew | false | null | null | |
How to opt for high-precision, aggressive filtering? | According to the following protocol: for each pair of sentences (e, f) in English and German, extract iff • e contains the English pronoun it, and f contains a German pronoun that is third person singular (er, sie or es), as indicated by their part-of-speech tags; • those pronouns are aligned to each other; • both pron... | We automatically create a test set from the OpenSubtitles corpus BIBREF22 . The goal is to provide a large number of difficult test cases where an English pronoun has to be translated to a German pronoun.
The most challenging cases are translating it to either er, sie or es, depending on the grammatical gender of the a... | false | 183 | null |
What are the two Bi-LSTM layers of the team's model? | One max-pooling layer in between and one softmax prediction layer. | Figure 1 illustrates the overall architecture of the discourse-level neural network model that consists of two Bi-LSTM layers, one max-pooling layer in between and one softmax prediction layer. The input of the neural network model is a paragraph containing a sequence of discourse units, while the output is a sequence ... | false | 8 | null |
What are the in-house data employed? | The answers are shown as follows:
* we manually label an in-house dataset of 1,100 users with gender tags
* we randomly sample 20,000 tweets for each class from an in-house dataset gold labeled with the same 15 classes as the shared task
| To further improve the performance of our models, we introduce in-house labeled data that we use to fine-tune BERT. For the gender classification task, we manually label an in-house dataset of 1,100 users with gender tags, including 550 female users, 550 male users. We obtain 162,829 tweets by crawling the 1,100 users'... | false | null | 1909.04181 |
What is so fragile that saying its name breaks it? | The silence. | false | null | null | |
Give me a list of Tour de France general Classification winners who have won more than 4 times. | Jacques Anquetil, Eddie Merckx, Bernard Hinault, Miguel Indurain and Lance Armstrong. Lance Armstrong has won seven times but had those victories rescinded after admitting to using performance enhancing drugs. | false | null | null | |
Who is the best soccer player in the world? | There are many ways to determine who the best soccer player is at the current time.
Some would say that the Ballon d'Or award does that job for us, labeling the best player in the game at the current time. At this juncture, that is Karim Benzema of Real Madrid, who won the 2021/22 award after leading Los Blancos to th... | false | null | null | |
Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Mirwas, Esraj | Esraj is string, Mirwas is percussion. | false | null | null | |
List five titles by Gertrude Chandler Warner | Surprise Island, Blue Bay Mystery, Mystery Ranch, Benny Uncovers a Mystery, The Boxcar Children | false | null | null | |
Name some books of the Bible. | Some of the books of the Bible include: 1 Samuel, Lamentations, Song of Solomon, Genesis, Leviticus, Deuteronomy, Esther, Proverbs | false | null | null | |
What are the max-pooling and average-pooling used for? | The max-pooling was used to extract the most important features form the GRU output and the average-pooling layer was used to considers all features to create a representation for the text as a whole. | In this section, we introduce the deep neural network architecture that we used to classify emotions in the tweets dataset. Emotional expressions are more complex and context-dependent even compared to other forms of expressions based mostly on the complexity and ambiguity of human emotions and emotional expressions an... | false | 85 | null |
What neural machine translation models can learn in terms of transfer learning? | Multilingual Neural Machine Translation Models | Various multilingual extensions of NMT have already been proposed in the literature. The authors of BIBREF18 , BIBREF19 apply multitask learning to train models for multiple languages. Zoph and Knight BIBREF20 propose a multi-source model and BIBREF21 introduces a character-level encoder that is shared across several s... | false | null | 1802.00273 |
What are the four statistical functionals computed for each descriptor? | Mean, standard deviation, skewness, and kurtosis. | The features extracted from the transitions include 12 Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCCs) with their first and second derivatives, and the log energy of the signal distributed into 22 Bark bands. The total number of descriptors corresponds to 58. Four statistical functionals (mean, standard deviation, skewness... | false | 383 | null |
How many times do the authors evaluate the method and baseline methods with different train/test splits? | 25 times | We conduct experiments on a simplified Chinese emotion cause corpus BIBREF31 , the only publicly available dataset on this task to the best of our knowledge. The corpus contains 2,105 documents from SINA city news. Each document has only one emotion word and one or more emotion causes. The documents are segmented into ... | false | 247 | null |
Why do adding n-grams sometimes worsen the TC-NPMI measure, especially on the JRC collection? | This is due to the fact that in these evaluation frameworks, the topics’ top elements contain a lot of multiword expressions, which rarely occur in Wikipedia, used for the coherence calculation, therefore the utilized automatic coherence measures can have insufficient evidence for correct estimates. | For evaluating topics with automatic quality measures, we used several English text collections and one Russian collection (Table TABREF7 ). We experiment with three thesauri: WordNet (155 thousand entries), information-retrieval thesaurus of the European Union EuroVoc (15161 terms), and Russian thesaurus RuThes (115 t... | false | 192 | null |
What did the author decide to use to achieve the best performance in the CAp 2018 data science challenge? | In order to achieve the best performance in the CAp 2018 data science challenge, the author decided to use a variety of features that describe an essay's readability and syntactic complexity as well as its content. | Automatically predicting the level of English of non-native speakers from their written text is an interesting text mining task. Systems that perform well in the task can be useful components for online, second-language learning platforms as well as for organisations that tutor students for this purpose. In this paper ... | false | 189 | null |
What are the Regulations of Football? | The Fédération Internationale de Football Association rules football. Their headquarters were first founded in 1904 in Switzerland.
They currently have over 200 members around the world. FIFA governs all the rules and regulations of football as played in the English Premier League, United Kingdom. | false | null | null | |
How do the authors measure performance? | Accuracy across six datasets | FLOAT SELECTED: Table 2: Accuracies of different methods for various benchmarks on two classifier architectures. CBERT, which represents conditional BERT, performs best on two classifier structures over six datasets. “w/” represents “with”, lines marked with “*” are experiments results from Kobayashi(Kobayashi, 2018).
... | false | null | 1812.06705 |
Given this paragraph about Kevum, explain when it is typically consumed? | It's consumed usually for Sinahala and Tamil celebrations. Particularly, the New Year. | Kevum or Kavum is a deep-fried Sri Lankan sweet made from rice flour and kithul (sugar-palm) treacle, with a number of variants adding additional ingredients. It is also known as oil cake. Kevum is traditionally given and consumed during celebrations of Sinhala and Tamil New Year. | false | null | null |
What are some disadvantages of the way the tax code treats incentive stock options? | There are three primary problems with the way the tax code treats incentive stock options. First, the tax code gives an employee a strong incentive to exercise the options early on, to achieve the tax benefit relating to the special option treatment. This means the tax code encourages young employees to write a check t... | false | null | null | |
Are the language-independent features a valid alternative to projection methods for cross-lingual semantic parsing? | Yes, they are. | Semantic parsing is a task of transducing natural language to meaning representations, which in turn can be expressed through many different semantic formalisms including lambda calculus BIBREF1, DCS BIBREF2, Discourse Representation Theory (DRT) BIBREF3, AMR BIBREF4 and so on. This availability of annotated data in En... | false | 278 | null |
Given this paragraph about Museo Municipal Taurino Francisco Montes, where is it located? | Museo Municipal Taurino Francisco Montes is located in Chiclana de la Frontera, in the province of Cádiz, Andalusia, southwestern Spain. | Museo Municipal Taurino Francisco Montes is located in Chiclana de la Frontera, in the province of Cádiz, Andalusia, southwestern Spain. Situated on San Agustín Street, the bullfighting museum is dedicated to the matador Francisco Montes Reina (1805–1851), nicknamed "Paquiro", who was born in this town. He is considere... | false | null | null |
What language does the corpus contain? | Twelve languages including English, French (Fr), German (De), Dutch (Nl), Russian (Ru), Spanish (Es), Italian (It), Turkish (Tr), Persian (Fa), Swedish (Sv), Mongolian (Mn) and Chinese (Zh) | End-to-end speech-to-text translation (ST) has attracted much attention recently BIBREF2, BIBREF3, BIBREF4, BIBREF5, BIBREF6 given its simplicity against cascading automatic speech recognition (ASR) and machine translation (MT) systems. The lack of labeled data, however, has become a major blocker for bridging the perf... | false | 128 | null |
Is a tomato a fruit or a vegetable? | A tomato is technically a fruit. We know this because the seeds of a tomato are on the inside. However, tomatoes are typically thought of and treated as a vegetable. We roast them in the oven, add them to salads, and include them on vegetable trays with other vegetables. If you want to win a technicality content, you c... | false | null | null | |
What are the two proposals made by the authors? | The first, Counterfactual Data Substitution (CDS), is designed to avoid text duplication in favour of substitution. The second, the Names Intervention, is a method which treats bias inherent in first names. It does so using a novel name pairing strategy that accounts for both name frequency and gender-specificity. | Gender bias describes an inherent prejudice against a gender, captured both by individuals and larger social systems. Word embeddings, a popular machine-learnt semantic space, have been shown to retain gender bias present in corpora used to train them BIBREF0. This results in gender-stereotypical vector analogies à la ... | false | 296 | null |
Given this reference test, what is the daily recommended amount of magnesium for women in the U.S.? | The daily recommended amount of magnesium for women in the U.S. is 310 mg for ages 19-30 and 320 mg for older. | In the UK, the recommended daily values for magnesium are 300 mg for men and 270 mg for women. In the U.S. the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) are 400 mg for men ages 19–30 and 420 mg for older; for women 310 mg for ages 19–30 and 320 mg for older. | false | null | null |
Let’s solve the following math problem. Each rabbit has 4 feets and each duck has 2 feets. If there are in total 25 heads and 88 feets, how many rabbits and how many ducks are there? | We can use equations to solve this problem. Let the number of ducks be X and the number of rabbits be Y. We have
X+Y = 25 (1)
2X + 4Y = 88 (2).
From the first equation, we know that X = 25-Y and we can substitute this into the second equation (2), and we get
2(25-Y) + 4Y = 88
Which can be simplified to 50 + 2Y = 88 ... | false | null | null | |
Given a reference text that describes the air travel disruption after the 2010 Eyjafjallajökull eruption, how long was the air travel over Europe disrupted for? | Initially there was an uninterrupted shutdown of the air travel from April 15 until April 23. There were intermittent disruptions in different parts of Europe in the following weeks until May 17. Overall, the air travel over Europe disrupted for 33 days between April 15 and May 17 2010. | In response to concerns that volcanic ash ejected during the 2010 eruptions of Eyjafjallajökull in Iceland would damage aircraft engines, the controlled airspace of many European countries was closed to instrument flight rules traffic, resulting in what at the time was the largest air-traffic shut-down since World War ... | false | null | null |
Give me a title of one of the "Harry Potter" novels. | Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows | false | null | null | |
Which three components does the components consist of? | 1. A character-level LSTM-based encoder for the question which produces a sequence of embedding vectors, one for each character (Figure 1a). 2. A character-level convolutional neural network (CNN)-based encoder for the predicates/entities in a knowledge base which produces a single embedding vector for each predicate o... | Since we focus on single-relation question answering in this work, our model decodes every question into a KB query that consists of exactly two elements–the topic entity, and the predicate. More formally, our model is a function $f(q, \lbrace e\rbrace , \lbrace p\rbrace )$ that takes as input a question $q$ , a set of... | false | 34 | null |
What is the size of the dataset? | The answers are shown as follows:
* 2000 sentences
| To develop the dataset, we extracted 200 sentences from Sorani Kurdish books of grades one to three of the primary school in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. We randomly created 2000 sentences from the extracted sentences.
To develop the dataset, we extracted 200 sentences from Sorani Kurdish books of grades one to three ... | false | null | 1911.13087 |
What are the sources of the data? | User reviews written in Chinese collected online for hotel, mobile phone, and travel domains | We compile three Chinese text corpora from online data for three domains, namely, “hotel", “mobile phone (mobile)", and “travel". All texts are about user reviews. Each text sample collected is first partitioned into clauses according to Chinese tokens. Three clause sets are subsequently obtained from the three text co... | false | null | 1803.07771 |
What is American Red Cross | The American Red Cross is a non profit humanitarian organization that provides emergency assistance, disaster relief, and disaster preparedness education in the United States | The American Red Cross (ARC), also known as the American National Red Cross, is a non-profit humanitarian organization that provides emergency assistance, disaster relief, and disaster preparedness education in the United States. It is the designated US affiliate of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Cre... | false | null | null |
What is the nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of proteins? | Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of proteins (usually abbreviated protein NMR) is a field of structural biology in which NMR spectroscopy is used to obtain information about the structure and dynamics of proteins, and also nucleic acids, and their complexes. The field was pioneered by Richard R. Ernst and Kurt W... | false | null | null | |
What is an adjustable rate mortgage? | A mortgage whose interest rate and monthly payments vary throughout the life of the loan | false | null | null | |
What do they evaluate? | How well a generic model can be used to mine opinion in different languages where data is more limited than the language where the generic model is trained on. | With the steady growth in the commercial websites and social media venues, the access to users' reviews have become easier. As the amount of data that can be mined for opinion increased, commercial companies' interests for sentiment analysis increased as well. Sentiment analysis is an important part of understanding us... | false | 73 | null |
How is the score of the acoustic model computed? | The score of the acoustic model is computed based on the score of paths of letters (including silences) that are compatible with the output sequence. | We use the beam-search decoder presented in BIBREF11 to generate word sequences given the output from our acoustic model. The decoder finds the word transcription INLINEFORM0 to maximize: INLINEFORM1
where INLINEFORM0 is the value for the INLINEFORM1 th frame in the path leading to INLINEFORM2 and INLINEFORM3 is the (... | false | 66 | null |
What is the difference between a donut and a scone? | A donut is a fried piece of dough, generally made from flour, eggs and liquor. It tends to be airy and soft. A scone is a dense pastry baked in the oven, as opposed to fried. Scones are more akin to bread and can be either savory or sweet. | false | null | null | |
What do vector space methods that measure semantic similarity and relatedness often rely on? | Distributional information such as co–occurrence frequencies or statistical measures of association to weight the importance of particular co–occurrences. | Vector space methods that measure semantic similarity and relatedness often rely on distributional information such as co--occurrence frequencies or statistical measures of association to weight the importance of particular co--occurrences. In this paper, we extend these methods by incorporating a measure of semantic s... | false | 33 | null |
Which exchanges is RELX listed on? | RELX plc is listed on the London, Amsterdam and New York Stock exchanges. | RELX plc (pronounced "Rel-ex") is a British multinational information and analytics company headquartered in London, England. Its businesses provide scientific, technical and medical information and analytics; legal information and analytics; decision-making tools; and organise exhibitions. It operates in 40 countries ... | false | null | null |
Why do Germans love their cars? | Germans spend a lot of money on their cars. Whether by leasing or buying. It is a kind of status symbol and German engineering is memorized every day via advertising or even cars driving around. Many sports car manufacturers like Porsche or even Mercedes manage to attract more and more clientele through their pricing a... | false | null | null | |
Who is FDR? | Franklin Delano Roosevelt (/ˈdɛlənoʊ ˈroʊzəvɛlt, -vəlt/ DEL-ə-noh ROH-zə-velt, -vəlt; January 30, 1882 – April 12, 1945), commonly known as FDR, was an American statesman and political leader who served as the 32nd president of the United States from 1933 until his death in 1945. He previously served as the 44th gover... | Franklin Delano Roosevelt (/ˈdɛlənoʊ ˈroʊzəvɛlt, -vəlt/ DEL-ə-noh ROH-zə-velt, -vəlt; January 30, 1882 – April 12, 1945), commonly known as FDR, was an American statesman and political leader who served as the 32nd president of the United States from 1933 until his death in 1945. He previously served as the 44th gover... | false | null | null |
What kind of methods do they use to dynamically choose the optimal attention strategy and the optimal number of reasoning steps for a given sample? | Deep reinforcement learning methods. | The goal of Machine Reading Comprehension (MRC) is to have machines read a text passage and then generate an answer (or select an answer from a list of given candidates) for any question about the passage. There has been a growing interest in the research community in exploring neural MRC models in an end-to-end fashio... | false | 391 | null |
Given this paragraph, in what part of England does the River Thames flow, and what is its length in kilometres? | The River Thames flows through Southern England and it is 346 kilometres long. | The River Thames (/tɛmz/ (listen) TEMZ), known alternatively in parts as the River Isis, is a river that flows through southern England including London. At 215 miles (346 km), it is the longest river entirely in England and the second-longest in the United Kingdom, after the River Severn. The river rises at Thames Hea... | false | null | null |
Given a reference text about the Build Back Better Plan, what are the 3 parts that make up the plan? | The three components of the Build Back Better plan are:
- American Rescue Plan
- American Jobs Plan
- American Families Plan | The Build Back Better Plan or Build Back Better agenda was a legislative framework proposed by U.S. president Joe Biden between 2020 and 2021. Generally viewed as ambitious in size and scope, it sought the largest nationwide public investment in social, infrastructural, and environmental programs since the 1930s Great ... | false | null | null |
What is fractional-reserve banking? | Fractional-reserve banking is the system of banking operating in almost all countries worldwide, under which banks that take deposits from the public are required to hold a proportion of their deposit liabilities in liquid assets as a reserve, and are at liberty to lend the remainder to borrowers. Bank reserves are hel... | false | null | null | |
How many conversations do the authors gather utterances from? | 600K. | We first gather abusive utterances from 600K conversations with US-based customers. We search for relevant utterances by simple keyword spotting and find that about 5% of the corpus includes abuse, with mostly sexually explicit utterances. Previous research reports even higher levels of abuse between 11% BIBREF2 and 30... | false | 171 | null |
The authors demonstrate that using what effectively mitigates bias in the model's predictions? | Both gender-swapping and debiased embeddings. |
With the wealth of information being posted online daily, Relation Extraction (RE) has become increasingly important. RE aims specifically to extract relations from raw sentences and represent them as succinct relation tuples of the form (head, relation, tail). An example is (Barack Obama, spouse, Michelle Obama).
The... | false | 263 | null |
What does the author analyze from the data in Table 1? | Emoji embeddings (Eisner et al., 2016) give better results than using plain GloVe and Edinburgh embeddings. Edinburgh embeddings outperform GloVe embeddings in Joy and Sadness category but lag behind in Anger and Fear category. | As described in Section SECREF6 various syntax features were used namely, Part-of-Speech tags, brown clusters of TweetNLP project. However, these didn't perform well in cross validation. Hence, they were dropped from the final system. While performing grid-search as mentioned in Section SECREF14 , keeping all the lexic... | false | 112 | null |
What shape are Philodendron leaves? | They are spear-shaped | The leaves are usually large and imposing, often lobed or deeply cut, and may be more or less pinnate. They can also be oval, spear-shaped, or in many other possible shape variations. The leaves are borne alternately on the stem. A quality of philodendrons is that they do not have a single type of leaf on the same plan... | false | null | null |
How many variants of the PrintNightmare existed? | There are two variants of the PrintNightmare, one permitting remote code execution and the other one leading to privilege escalation. | PrintNightmare was a critical security vulnerability affecting the Microsoft Windows operating system. The vulnerability occurred within the print spooler service. There were two variants, one permitting remote code execution (CVE-2021-34527), and the other leading to privilege escalation (CVE-2021-1675). A third vulne... | false | null | null |
Describe how you would approach a corporate rebrand. Share your objectives, timeline, required budget and resources, and how you would measure your success. | You should approach a rebrand by partnering with a creative agency to develop a polished, scalable version of a company story, which would likely be a 4-6 month project.
Objective: Develop the corporate story — who you are as a company, your vision and mission, what you believe, what you do and how you do it — while a... | false | null | null | |
What system do they build? | An extractive factoid QA system. | BioASQ is a semantic indexing, question answering (QA) and information extraction challenge BIBREF0 . We participated in Task B of the challenge which is concerned with biomedical QA. More specifically, our system participated in Task B, Phase B: Given a question and gold-standard snippets (i.e., pieces of text that co... | false | 210 | null |
What is the relevant information of embedded items? | It is including but not limited to geographic information, ratings, and attributes. | Learning semantic representations (embeddings) of different entities, such as textual, commercial, and physical, has been a recent and active area of research. Such representations can facilitate applications that rely on a notion of similarity, for example recommendation systems and ranking algorithms in e-commerce.
I... | false | 250 | null |
Help me select what to wear for a beach party with my friends and what clothes to bring in my backpack so I can change for dinner. The weather will be hot during the day and cool at night.
Here are my options: A winter coat, a bathing suit, sandals, a short sleeve button down shirt, a hat, sunglasses, underwear, sock... | Since you will be at the beach and it will be hot you will want a bathing suit, sandals, a hat, sunglasses and a tank top.
In you backpack you should bring a short sleeve button down shirt, underwear, socks, sneakers and jeans to change into for dinner. | false | null | null | |
Extract all of the dates mentioned in this paragraph and list them using bullets in the format {Date} - {Description} | • January 21, 1968 - This is when Ilya Smirin was born
• 1990 - This is when Ilya Smirin was awarded the title of Grandmaster by FIDE | Ilya (or Ilia) Smirin (Hebrew: איליה יוליביץ' סמירין; Russian: Илья Юльевич Смирин, romanized: Ilya Yulievich Smirin; born January 21, 1968) is a Byelorussian SSR-born and an Israeli chess player. He was awarded the title of Grandmaster by FIDE in 1990. | false | null | null |
Does GNP have a higher complexity or more parameters than baselines? | We have only **four** extra parameters ((p +, p −, q + and q −) for each layer, compared to other widely-used GNN layers such as GCN and GIN. Note that they also have a linear layer or MLP after message-passing between nodes. Instead of using an additional linear layer, GNP concatenates the outputs of GNP+ and GNP− and... | The GNP function in equation 3.1 is not continuous and even not defined at p = 0. Hence, directly learning GNP in the original form as in equation 3.1 (even with p = 0 ignored) can cause instability, especially when an algorithm is trying to move from a positive p value to a negative p value. Instead, we suggest splitt... | false | 487 | null |
What is special about Luis Miguel's music? | Luis Miguel is a Puerto Rican born Mexican singer. His nickname among the Latin American music industry and fan base is 'El Sol de México'. Luis Miguel is famous for taking legacy bolero and mariachi songs and modernizing them into mainstream pop romantic hits. Luis Miguel also has an unusual vocal range that spans thr... | false | null | null | |
What does the best system for Dutch shows？ | It provides a considerable performance increase over the unoptimised word n-gram baseline system. | In this section, we present the results of our experiments on the automatic detection of cyberbullying-related posts in an English (EN) and Dutch (NL) corpus of ASKfm posts. Ten-fold cross-validation was performed in exhaustive grid-search over different feature type and hyperparameter combinations (see Section SECREF4... | false | 249 | null |
Given the following text, what is special about Prime Numbers? | A prime number is a natural number great than one that is only divisible by itself and one. e.g. 5 is a prime number as it is only divisible by 5 and 1, but 4 is not as 4 is divisible by 4,2 and 1 | A prime number (or a prime) is a natural number greater than 1 that is not a product of two smaller natural numbers. A natural number greater than 1 that is not prime is called a composite number. For example, 5 is prime because the only ways of writing it as a product, 1 × 5 or 5 × 1, involve 5 itself. However, 4 is c... | false | null | null |
Why do they propose to cascade a neural network as a projection function? | To flexibly model observed embeddings and yield a new representation space that is more suitable for the syntax model. | To flexibly model observed embeddings and yield a new representation space that is more suitable for the syntax model, we propose to cascade a neural network as a projection function, deterministically transforming the simple space defined by the Gaussian HMM to the observed embedding space. We denote the latent embedd... | false | 16 | null |
How do I change a light bulb? | In order to change a light bulb, you will first need to find a replacement. Make sure to disable power to the bulb before removing or installing it. You can find the size, type, and wattage written on the bulb you are trying to replace. If the information isn't on the bulb, you can take the bulb with you to the store t... | false | null | null | |
What mechanism do the authors introduce in the paper? | A novel gated self-attention mechanism. | Story-telling is on the frontier of current text generation technology: stories must remain thematically consistent across the complete document, requiring modeling very long range dependencies; stories require creativity; and stories need a high level plot, necessitating planning ahead rather than word-by-word generat... | false | 186 | null |
Who wrote the score for the film "Rise of the Planet of the Apes"? | The score was written by Patrick Doyle. | The score for the Rise of the Planet of the Apes film was written by Patrick Doyle and performed by the Hollywood Studio Symphony conducted by James Shearman. On being compared to the musical works of Jerry Goldsmith and Danny Elfman, who scored the previous installment, and its impact on the tonal and primitive qualit... | false | null | null |
Why do gas prices go high in winter | Prices in a market economy are driven by Supply and demand. Gas prices typically increase in a market economy in a winter because of increase in demand. Demand increases because people use gas to warm homes and cold weather further increases demand for gas. All this increase in demand means gas prices increase. It is n... | false | null | null | |
What is the sun sign of someone born november 12 | scorpio | false | null | null | |
Given the following paragraph on gene regulation, what are operons and where do they occur? | Operons are clusters of genes that share the same promoter. They occur mainly in prokaryotes and some lower eukaryotes such as Caenorhabditis elegans. | The regulation of gene expression by environmental factors and during different stages of development can occur at each step of the process such as transcription, RNA splicing, translation, and post-translational modification of a protein. Gene expression can be influenced by positive or negative regulation, depending ... | false | null | null |
What two colors are used in the Canadian flag? | The Canadian flag colors are red and white. | The National Flag of Canada (French: le Drapeau national du Canada), often simply referred to as the Canadian flag or, unofficially, as the maple leaf flag or l'Unifolié (French: [l‿ynifɔlje]; lit. 'the one-leafed'), consists of a red field with a white square at its centre in the ratio of 1∶2∶1, in which is featured a... | false | null | null |
Who did the USA beat in Women's World Cup final in 2019? | The Netherlands | false | null | null | |
Why isn't multi-threading making my Python code faster? How can I fix it. | Python restricts access to the interpreter with a Global Interpreter Lock, referred to as the GIL, for internal thread-safety requirements. Unfortunately, this design decision restricts only allows one thread to interpret Python code at a time, even on a machine with the capability to run multiple threads together.
I... | false | null | null | |
What is the promise of the "Generic framework"? | In this revised version, the promise of a generic framework has been now delivered in Discussion (2nd paragraph). We argue that all successful DR methods, including among others t-SNE and UMAP, make use of the rationale of space expansion to enable data visualization in a space of drastically reduced dimension. However... | We propose a new DR method called SpaceMAP, which, in principle, can map data of any dimensionality onto a 2-dimensional space for visualization with the calculated space expansion. Different from established methods such as t-SNE or UMAP that perform implicit transformation of distances, we analytically derived a quan... | false | 518 | null |
How do I get rid of mosquitos in my house? | You can get rid of mosquitos in your house by keeping doors closed first and foremost. If mosquitos are already inside your house you can get a mosquito zapper from a local hardware store and put it in the part of your house that has the most mosquitos. Some areas to consider for mosquitos would be the parts of the h... | false | null | null | |
What is the research background of this paper? | Blogging gained momentum in 1999 and became especially popular after the launch of freely available, hosted platforms such as blogger.com or livejournal.com. Blogging has progressively been used by individuals to share news, ideas, and information, but it has also developed a mainstream role to the extent that it is be... | Blogging gained momentum in 1999 and became especially popular after the launch of freely available, hosted platforms such as blogger.com or livejournal.com. Blogging has progressively been used by individuals to share news, ideas, and information, but it has also developed a mainstream role to the extent that it is be... | false | 11 | null |
What is dry ice? | Dry Ice is frozen carbon dioxide that turns into a gas when defrosts. | false | null | null | |
Give me a list of the most agreed upon supplements that are effective for maintaining general health | 1) Vitamin D
2) Omega-3 Fish Oil
3) Creatine Monohydrate
4) Multi-vitamin
*Disclaimer - there are countless other supplements available; however, decades of research seems to have formed a consensus on the efficacy of these | false | null | null | |
Summarise the biography of Andrew Huberman and his most popular achievements. | Andrew Huberman is a neuro scientists, currently working as a professor at Stanford school of medicine. He is focused on visual system and a pioneer in the field. He also runs "Huberman Lab" podcast which is very successfull on Apple podcasts and Spotify., | Andrew D. Huberman is an American neuroscientist and tenured associate professor in the department of neurobiology and psychiatry and behavioral sciences at Stanford University School of Medicine who has made contributions to the brain development, brain plasticity, and neural regeneration and repair fields. Much of hi... | false | null | null |
List the British prime ministers since world war 2 | Winston Churchill (1940-1945), Clement Attlee (1945-1951), Winston Churchill (1951-1955), Anthony Eden (1955-1957), Harold Macmillan (1957-1963), Alec Douglas-Home (1963-1964), Harold Wilson (1964-1970), Edward Heath (1970-1974), Harold Wilson (1974-1976), James Callaghan (1976-1979), Margaret Thatcher (1979-1990), Joh... | false | null | null | |
What are the initial works for attacking text models? | Initial works for attacking text models relied on introducing errors at the character level or adding and deleting words for creating adversarial examples. | Recent studies have shown the vulnerability of ML models to adversarial attacks, small perturbations which lead to misclassification of inputs. Adversarial example generation in NLP BIBREF0 is more challenging than in common computer vision tasks BIBREF1, BIBREF2, BIBREF3 due to two main reasons: the discrete nature of... | false | 200 | null |
How many data categorization impact levels does the Department of Defense define and provide authorizations for? | The DoD offers authorizations for IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-6. | false | null | null | |
Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Tambourine, Esraj | Esraj is string, Tambourine is percussion. | false | null | null | |
What algorithm do they use in the method? | LDA-SIM algorithm. | In our approach we develop the idea of BIBREF16 that proposed to construct similarity sets between ngram phrases between each other and single words. Phrases and words are included in the same similarity set if they have the same component word, for example, weapon – nuclear weapon – weapon of mass destruction; discrim... | false | 192 | null |
What is the largest American state by land mass? | Alaska is the largest state in the United States | false | null | null | |
What is Mozart’s contribution to the music? | Mozart contributed more than 800 pieces of music that are known for melodic beauty, elegance and richness. | Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (27 January 1756 – 5 December 1791) was a prolific and influential composer of the Classical period. Despite his short life, his rapid pace of composition resulted in more than 800 works of virtually every genre of his time. Many of these compositions are acknowledged as pinnacles of the symphon... | false | null | null |
What models that rely only on claim-specific linguistic features are used as baselines? | The answers are shown as follows:
* SVM with RBF kernel
| Similar to BIBREF9, we experiment with SVM with RBF kernel, with features that represent (1) the simple characteristics of the argument tree and (2) the linguistic characteristics of the claim.
Similar to BIBREF9, we experiment with SVM with RBF kernel, with features that represent (1) the simple characteristics of the... | false | null | 2004.03034 |
Tell me whether these cities are in Italy or Switzerland: Milan, Florence, Zurich, Bern, Lucerne, Rome | Milan: Italy
Florence: Italy
Zurich: Switzerland
Bern: Switzerland
Lucerne: Switzerland
Rome: Italy | false | null | null | |
Please summarize from this text what were the main reasons Czech people immigrated to Texas. | Czech immigration to Texas in the 19th century was influenced by the availability of land in Texas to homestead, economic opportunity, freedom from religious persecution and to escape the revolutions in the Austrian empire that lead to political unrest and economic uncertainty in the region. | Czech immigration was driven by the availability of land in Texas and by events in Europe. In the 1840s, the Austrian Empire, which included Czech lands, was still run by a feudal system, despite the wave of democratic ideals permeating western Europe. This led to the Revolutions of 1848, which did little to improve th... | false | null | null |
What datasets are chosen for the experiment? | The chosen datasets are：(1) Reuters. (2) BBCSport. (3) Polarity .(4) Subjectivity. (5) MPQA. (6) IMDB. (7) TREC. (8) SST-1. (9) SST-2. (10) Yelp2013. | We evaluate the quality of the document embeddings learned by MPAD on 10 document classification datasets, covering the topic identification, coarse and fine sentiment analysis and opinion mining, and subjectivity detection tasks. We briefly introduce the datasets next. Their statistics are reported in Table TABREF21.
... | false | 162 | null |
Tell me which of the following are real car parts: differential, gearbox, splinehook, flidget, wheel. | Differential, gearbox, and wheels are all parts of cars. | false | null | null | |
How to realize and validate the experiment by the authors? | All the experiments were realized within the Weka framework and validated through 10 fold cross-validation. | In this section, we describe the experiments and report the results for the classification of Wikipedia medical articles into the six classes of the Wikipedia Medicine Portal. We compare the results obtained adopting four different classifiers: the actionable model in BIBREF7 and three classifiers that leverage the ad-... | false | 38 | null |
Tell me whether these cities are in the United States or not: Dallas, Seattle, Mumbai, Ljubljana, Rochester | Dallas, Seattle, and Rochester are all cities in the United States. Mumbai and Ljubljana are not in the United States. | false | null | null | |
What is a 'Public' School in the UK? | Public School is a term used for an independent fee-paying school in the UK. This is because when the schools were initially set-up, they were for the use of fee-paying parents who would share a teacher as a replacement for a dedicated at-home tutor for their children | false | null | null | |
Does the CAS-LSTMs consistently outperform typical stacked LSTMs? | Yes. | In the field of natural language processing (NLP), the most prevalent neural approach to obtaining sentence representations is to use recurrent neural networks (RNNs), where words in a sentence are processed in a sequential and recurrent manner. Along with their intuitive design, RNNs have shown outstanding performance... | false | 134 | null |
How does ZRTools work? | ZRTools uses dynamic time warping (DTW) to discover pairs of acoustically similar audio segments, and then uses graph clustering on overlapping pairs to form a hard clustering of the discovered segments. Replacing each discovered segment with its unique cluster label, or pseudoterm, gives them a partial, noisy transcri... | For UTD we use the Zero Resource Toolkit (ZRTools; Jansen and Van Durme, 2011). ZRTools uses dynamic time warping (DTW) to discover pairs of acoustically similar audio segments, and then uses graph clustering on overlapping pairs to form a hard clustering of the discovered segments. Replacing each discovered segment wi... | false | 39 | null |
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