, which figures into the Boltzmann equation , an equation which describes the amplitude of perturbations in the CMB . The strength of the diffusion damping is chiefly governed by the distance photons travel before being scattered ( diffusion length ) . What affect the diffusion length are primarily the properties of the plasma in question : different sorts of plasma may experience different sorts of diffusion damping . The evolution of a plasma may also affect the damping process . \n <formula> \n Where : \n <formula> is the conformal time . \n <formula> is the \" differential optical depth for Thomson scattering \" . Thomson scattering is the scattering of electromagnetic radiation ( light ) by charged particles such as electrons . \n <formula> is the wave number of the wave being suppressed . \n <formula> is the visibility function . \n <formula> \n The damping factor <formula> , when factored into the Boltzmann equation for the cosmic microwave background radiation ( CMB ) , reduces the amplitude of perturbations : \n <formula> \n Where : \n <formula> is the conformal time at decoupling . \n <formula> is the \" monopole [ perturbation ] of the photon distribution function \" \n <formula> is a \" gravitational @-@ potential [ perturbation ] in the Newtonian gauge \" . The Newtonian gauge is a quantity with importance in the General Theory of Relativity . \n <formula> is the effective temperature . \n Mathematical calculations of the damping factor depend on <formula> , or the effective diffusion scale , which in turn depends on a crucial value , the diffusion length , <formula> . The diffusion length relates how far photons travel during diffusion , and comprises a finite number of short steps in random directions . The average of these steps is the Compton mean free path , and is denoted by <formula> . As the direction of these steps are randomly taken , <formula> is approximately equal to <formula> , where <formula> is the number of steps the photon takes before the conformal time at decoupling ( <formula> ) . \n The diffusion length increases at recombination because the mean free path does , with less photon scattering occurring ; this increases the amount of diffusion and damping . The mean free path increases because the electron ionisation fraction , <formula> , decreases as ionised hydrogen and helium bind with the free , charged electrons . As this occurs , the mean free path increases proportionally : <formula> . That is , the mean free path of the photons is inversely proportional to the electron ionisation fraction and the baryon number density ( <formula> ) . That means that the more baryons there were , and the more they were ionised , the shorter the average photon could travel before encountering one and being scattered . Small changes to these values before or during recombination can augment the damping effect considerably . This dependence on the baryon density by photon diffusion allows scientists to use analysis of the latter to investigate the former , in addition to the history of ionisation . \n The effect of diffusion damping is greatly augmented by the finite width of the surface of last scattering ( SLS ) . The finite width of the SLS means the CMB photons we see were not all emitted at the same time , and the fluctuations we see are not all in phase . It also means that during recombination , the diffusion length changed dramatically , as the ionisation fraction shifted . \n = = = Model dependence = = = \n In general , diffusion damping produces its effects independent of the cosmological model being studied , thereby masking the effects of other , model @-@ dependent phenomena . This means that without an accurate model of diffusion damping , scientists cannot judge the relative merits of cosmological models , whose theoretical predictions cannot be compared with observational data , this data being obscured by damping effects . For example , the peaks in the power spectrum due to acoustic oscillations are decreased in amplitude by diffusion damping . This deamplification of the power spectrum hides features of the curve , features that would otherwise be more visible . \n Though general diffusion damping can damp perturbations in collisionless dark matter simply due to photon dispersion , the term Silk damping applies only to damping of adiabatic models of baryonic matter , which is coupled to the diffusing photons , not dark matter , and diffuses with them . Silk damping is not as significant in models of cosmological development which posit early isocurvature fluctuations ( i.e. fluctuations which do not require a constant ratio of baryons and photons ) . In this case , increases in baryon density do not require a corresponding increases in photon density , and the lower the photon density , the less diffusion there would be : the less diffusion , the less damping . Photon diffusion is not dependent on the causes of the initial fluctuations in the density of the universe . \n = = Effects = = \n = = = Speed = = = \n Damping occurs at two different scales , with the process working more quickly over short ranges than over longer distances . Here , a short length is one that is lower than the mean free path of the photons . A long distance is one that is greater than the mean free path , if still less than the diffusion length . On the smaller scale , perturbations are damped almost instantaneously . On the larger scale , anisotropies are decreased more slowly , with significant degradation happening within one unit of Hubble time . \n = = = The Silk scale and the Silk mass = = = \n Diffusion damping exponentially decreases anisotropies in the CMB on a scale ( the Silk scale ) much smaller than a degree , or smaller than approximately 3 megaparsecs . This angular scale corresponds to a multipole moment <formula> . The mass contained within the Silk scale is the silk mass . Numerical evaluations of the Silk mass yield results on the order of <formula> solar masses at recombination and on the order of the mass of a present @-@ day galaxy or galaxy cluster in the current era . \n <formula> \n Scientists say diffusion damping affects small angles and corresponding anisotropies . Other effects operate on a scale called intermediate <formula> or large <formula> . Searches for anisotropies on a small scale are not as difficult as those on larger scales , partly because they may employ ground @-@ based telescopes and their results can be more easily predicted by current theoretical models . \n = = = Galaxy formation = = = \n Scientists study photon diffusion damping ( and CMB anisotropies in general ) because of the insight the subject provides into the question , \" How did the universe come to be ? \" . Specifically , primordial anisotropies in the temperature and density of the universe are supposed to be the causes of later large @-@ scale structure formation . Thus it was the amplification of small perturbations in the pre @-@ recombination universe that grew into the galaxies and galaxy clusters of the present era . Diffusion damping made the universe isotropic within distances on the order of the Silk Scale . That this scale corresponds to the size of observed galaxies ( when the passage of time is taken into account ) implies that diffusion damping is responsible for limiting the size of these galaxies . The theory is that clumps of matter in the early universe became the galaxies that we see today , and the size of these galaxies is related to the temperature and density of the clumps . \n Diffusion may also have had a significant effect on the evolution of primordial cosmic magnetic fields , fields which may have been amplified over time to become galactic magnetic fields . However , these cosmic magnetic fields may have been damped by radiative diffusion : just as acoustic oscillations in the plasma were damped by the diffusion of photons , so were magnetosonic waves ( waves of ions travelling through a magnetised plasma ) . This process began before the era of neutrino decoupling and ended at the time of recombination . \n = GT Advance Championship Racing = \n GT Advance Championship Racing ( known as Advance GTA in Japan ) is a racing game developed by MTO and published by THQ . It was a launch title for the Game Boy Advance , and was released in Japan on March 21 , 2001 , in North America on June 11 , 2001 , and in Europe on June 22 , 2001 . The game 's sequel , GT Advance 2 : Rally Racing , was released on June 30 , 2002 in North America . \n GT Advance features forty @-@ five Japanese cars and places the player in races on thirty @-@ two tracks . Due to positive reaction to the game in Japan , THQ purchased publishing rights for the North American and European releases to the game after a reported bidding war , and added in a controversial password save system into the game to cut costs . \n The game was received with mostly positive reviews from critics that praised the game for its fun gameplay , but THQ was criticized by most reviewers for adding passwords to the game when the Japanese version had battery @-@ backed saves . \n = = Gameplay = = \n GT Advance Championship Racing is a customizable experience , including 48 cars from 8 car manufacturers , and 32 courses . Some of the cars featured in the game are exclusively found in Asia , such as the Nissan Cube . The courses vary between paved and dirt roads , requiring the player to adapt their driving to meet the conditions of the course they 're driving on . \n The game 's championship mode features four levels of play , three cups of varying levels , and an unlockable \" kart racing mode \" . Upgrades earned through gameplay can be added to the player 's car , and in some cases , they can change the physical appearance of the vehicle . The game contains multiplayer support , allowing two people to play against each other using a Game Link Cable . \n Controls are simple , with the A and B buttons controlling the player 's gas and brakes respectively . The R and L buttons shift the car up or down a gear in manual control , and the D @-@ Pad controls the car 's steering . The game requires the player to master the powerslide technique to skid around corners and to reduce their lap time . \n = = = Graphics = = = \n The roads in the game are painted on a flat plane , which allows the game to progress at a smooth rate , but makes it harder for the player to see upcoming turns in the road . The problem can be remedied by playing through a track multiple times to gain familiarity with the turns in a course . The cars are rendered through sprite frames , giving the impression of 3D graphics in the game . \n = = = Save system = = = \n The Japanese version of the game , Advance GTA , had save support . However , THQ pulled the battery RAM out of the North American and European releases of the game , and utilized passwords to save data instead . The system forces players of the North American and European releases to enter a sixteen digit code consisting of upper and lowercase letters , numbers , and symbols into the game to retrieve their data . Many critics blamed THQ for what was perceived to be a cost @-@ cutting measure . It was the only major change from the Japanese version of the game . \n = = Development = = \n MTO began development on GT Advance Championship Racing about a year before the release of the game in Japan . The game was first announced on August 18 , 2000 , under the name of Pocket GT Advance . With the exception of a new password save system , tweaking was kept to a minimum for the North American version of the game . The choice was made in the Japanese version to use mostly English in the game so it would be playable outside Japan . \n The Japanese version of the game , Advance GTA , was praised by critics and the anticipation for the North American and European releases of the game grew . A reported bidding war between United States publishing companies to release the game in the US began after the positive feedback from the Japanese version . It was reported a month afterwards that THQ had gained the publishing rights for the game 's North American and European releases . \n = = Reception = = \n GT Advance Championship Racing garnered praise from critics for its overall gameplay , but the inclusion of a password save system by THQ into the North American and European releases of the game was heavily criticized . IGN 's Craig Harris praised the high quality graphics engine and the entertaining powerslide system , but observed that with regards to the password system , \" ... some players ( myself included ) just might throw their hands up in disgust with what THQ has done to the game . \" GameSpot observed that , \" GT Advance is , at its core , a very robust and graphically impressive racing game . \" Despite praising the gameplay , however , GameSpot recommended that players buy a Japanese import version of the game instead , since it was in English and included a battery save feature . Eurogamer wrote that even though GT Advance was hampered by passwords , \" ... you should definitely own GT Advance one way or another , as current gripe excepted ; it 's a sterling example of handheld racing done properly . \" \n Responding to criticisms of the password save system , THQ later re @-@ instated the battery save feature into the two sequels of the game , GT Advance 2 : Rally Racing , and GT Advance 3 : Pro Concept Racing . \n = Kristins Hall = \n Kristins Hall is an arena located at Stampesletta in Lillehammer , Norway . It consist of an ice rink , a combined handball and floorball court , and a curling rink . The venue , owned and operated by the Lillehammer Municipality , opened in 1988 and cost 65 million Norwegian krone ( NOK ) to build . One of the motivations for its construction was to help Lillehammer 's bid to be selected as the host of the 1994 Winter Olympics . The ice rink has a capacity for 3 @,@ 194 spectators and is the home rink of GET @-@ ligaen hockey club Lillehammer IK . Kristins Hall is located next to the larger Håkons Hall , which opened in 1993 . During the 1994 Winter Olympics , Kristins Hall was a training rink , and subsequently hosted the ice sledge hockey tournament at the 1994 Winter Paralympics . The venue also co @-@ hosted Group B of the 1989 World Ice Hockey Championships . \n = = Construction = = \n Plans for an ice rink in Lillehammer started in the 1980s with the Lillehammer bid for the 1992 Winter Olympics . In 1985 , Lillehammer Municipal Council accepted an agreement with the Norwegian Confederation of Sports ( NIF ) , which offered to finance 50 percent of a new multi @-@ use arena in Lillehammer . Combined with the construction of the skiing resort Hafjell , it was part of a plan to document the construction of new venues in and around Lillehammer to help the town secure the right to host the Olympics . The construction received NOK 25 million in state grants . To promote the Olympic bid , the venue was given priority by NIF in their recommendation for use of public grants . In May 1987 , the municipal council stated that they did not want to apply to host the B @-@ Group of the 1989 World Ice Hockey Championships , because they feared the venue would not be completed by November 1987 . NIF President Hans B. Skaset stated that this could jeopardize the entire Olympic bid if Lillehammer withdrew from arranging such a small event . The decision was changed a week later . The venue opened in December 1988 and cost NOK 65 million . \n After Lillehammer was awarded the 1994 Winter Olympics in 1988 , it became necessary to build a larger venue to hold the Olympic ice hockey matches . The name of the arena was decided by the Lillehammer Municipal Council in October 1988 , as part of a broader branding policy , based on the history of the Birkebeiner . Originally the administration had suggested the new larger hall be named Håkons Hall , after Haakon Haakonarson , later king of Norway , while the smaller hall would be named Sveres Hall , for Sverre Sigurdsson . During the political debate , a number of female councilors suggested that the smaller hall be named Kristins Hall , for Sigurdsson 's daughter Kristina Sverresdotter , which was passed by the city council . Kristin and Håkon would be used to name the mascots for the Olympics . Kristins Hall has had small renovations throughout the years , including an upgrade in 2007 which included new ice hockey sideboards , a new ice machine , a new lighting system , and a new handball floor . \n = = Facilities = = \n The municipally owns and operates venue is located at Stampesletta , about 1 kilometer ( 0 @.@ 62 mi ) from the town center of Lillehammer , Norway . With a gross area of 9 @,@ 000 square meters ( 97 @,@ 000 sq ft ) , it consists of three main sections : an ice hockey rink , a combined handball and floorball court , and a curling rink . The venue has eight locker rooms , of which two are designed for judges and referees , a weight room , a 100 @-@ meter ( 330 ft ) long , four @-@ track sprint track , meeting rooms , three kiosks , VIP facilities and a cafeteria . The handball hall has an artificial surface measuring 22 by 44 meters ( 72 by 144 ft ) . \n The ice rink is certified by the Norwegian Ice Hockey Association to hold 3 @,@ 197 spectators , but can accommodate up to 4 @,@ 000 people in special circumstances . The cooling and heating systems for Håkons Hall and Kristins Hall are connected , allowing them to function as energy reserves for each other . \n = = Tenants and events = = \n The ice rink is the home of Lillehammer IK , which plays in GET @-@ ligaen , the premier ice hockey league in Norway . During the season , they play one to two home games per week , typically attracting crowds of 1 @,@ 000 to 1 @,@ 500 spectators . They inaugurated the arena in December 1988 with a game against Oshaug . The ice rink is also used by the Norwegian College of Elite Sport in Lillehammer and Lillehammer Kunstløpklubb . The handball court is used by Lillehammer Innebandyklubb and Lillehammerstudentenes IL , while the curling rink is used by Lillehammer Curlingklubb . The venue is owned and operated by Lillehammer Municipality . \n The official opening of the venue took place on 12 December 1988 , when Norway played West Germany . Kristins Hall held two more Norwegian friendly internationals during the season , before it was host to the B @-@ Group during the 1989 World Ice Hockey Championships . Ten games were played in Lillehammer , including the opening game between Norway and Japan , while 18 games were played in Oslo . During the 1994 Winter Olympics , Kristins Hall was used as a training venue for the ice hockey teams , which played their games at Håkons Hall and Gjøvik Olympic Cavern Hall . During the 1994 Winter Paralympics , Kristins Hall hosted the ice sledge hockey tournament . Lillehammer is scheduled to host the 2016 Winter Youth Olympics , with Kristins Hall to be used for curling and ice hockey . This involves an expansion of the curling rink to satisfy international requirements , including expansion of the spectator capacity . \n = Washington Park Historic District ( Albany , New York ) = \n Washington Park in Albany , New York is the city 's premier park and the site of many festivals and gatherings . As public property it dates back to the city charter in 1686 , and has seen many uses including that of gunpowder storage , square / parade grounds , and cemetery . The park is often mistaken as being designed by Frederick Law Olmsted , but does incorporate many of the philosophical ideals used by Olmsted when he designed Central Park in Manhattan . The park is about 81 acres ( 33 ha ) in size with the 5 @.@ 2 @-@ acre ( 2 @.@ 1 ha ) Washington Park Lake , a roughly 1 @,@ 600 @-@ foot @-@ long ( 490 m ) and 140 @-@ foot @-@ wide ( 43 m ) lake , in the southwestern corner . \n Not only is the park historic , but so is the mostly residential surrounding neighborhood . Many architectural works line the streets facing the park , designed by some of the most famous architects of the late 19th century , including Henry Hobson Richardson . At least two governors of New York lived in buildings facing Washington Park outside of their term in office . Due to the historical and architectural significance of the park and neighborhood both were included in 1972 as the Washington Park Historic District ; and in 1998 the park was named one of the nation 's 100 most important parks by the American Association of Architects . In 2008 Boston @-@ based composer Peter Child wrote an orchestral piece inspired by the park , entitled Washington Park . \n = = History = = \n = = = Cemetery and parade grounds = = = \n Washington Park has been public property since the Dongan Charter was granted to Albany incorporating it as a city . The charter specified that all land not privately owned at the time became property of the Mayor , Aldermen , and Commonalty of the city of Albany , including the land that would become the site of Washington Park . A portion of the land was set aside for a structure built to house gunpowder in 1802 , and in 1806 the areas between Willett and Knox streets , and between State Street and Madison Avenue , became the Middle Public Square . In 1800 , the land west of Knox Street to Robin Street and south from State Street to Hudson Avenue was taken for a cemetery , which was apportioned into sections for each of Albany 's churches . There were separate sections for African @-@ Americans and for strangers . West of the cemetery was the alms @-@ house farm and the penitentiary grounds . In 1809 the Middle Public Square was renamed Washington Square , and later the Washington Parade Ground . In 1868 the remains and headstones in the cemetery were removed and reinterred , most to Albany Rural Cemetery , and some to the cemeteries of other churches . \n For years leading up to the creation of the park , the leading citizens and newspapers in Albany had pushed for a grand public park . Frederick Law Olmsted 's Olmsted , Vaux and Company was hired in 1869 to plan such a park . In their plan they envisioned Washington Park as the centerpiece of a string of parks and boulevards similar to those they had designed in Buffalo , Boston , and Brooklyn . Though Olmsted and his company was not involved in the actual design of the park , their broad vision was followed for the detailed designs , including the idea of damming the Beaver Kill ( Beaver Creek ) to form a grand lake . \n = = = Construction of the park = = = \n The New York Legislature passed a law in 1869 authorizing the creation of a large public park on the spot and the creation of the Board of Trustees of the Washington Park of the City of Albany ( later Commissioners ) . John Bogart and John Cuyler drew the plans for Washington Park in 1870 . Bogart had worked for Olmsted and Vaux on Central Park in New York and later Bogart was the chief engineer for the New York City Department of Parks from 1872 to 1877 . From 1869 to 1872 R.H. Bingham was the chief engineer in charge of the drafting of the plans and the supervision of construction , after 1872 his assistant William S. Egerton took charge . It was under Egerton that the formal garden settings were planted . \n Work on the Washington Parade Grounds between Willett and Knox streets was begun in July 1870 and finished by the end of the year . During 1871 the former cemetery was landscaped and that area reopened as part of the park . The section of Washington Park between Lexington ( formerly Snipe ) and Robin streets was the focus of work in 1873 , including the damming of the Beaverkill to form Washington Park Lake . In 1874 focus shifted to roughly 15 acres ( 61 @,@ 000 m2 ) along Madison Avenue from Lake to Robin and a footbridge was built over the lake in 1875 . Nine acres of mostly row houses along Knox Street north of Madison were purchased , destroyed , and landscaped in 1880 ; this included the area that would be the site of the King Memorial Fountain . The large house and landscaped grounds of John Taylor was the last part of the park to be purchased , in 1882 , since 1889 it has been the site of tennis courts . The northwestern corner that is cut out of the park 's otherwise rectangular shape was never part of the park ; those plots were mostly owned by the Barnes family and developed into urban mansions facing Thurlow Terrace and Englewood Place . The process of buying and improving the land piecemeal was criticized because each improvement raised the value of the existing land that still needed to be purchased . The increase in property value can be shown through the value of the lands surrounding Washington Park almost doubling in the six years in which the majority of the park improvements were made ; from $ 2 @,@ 696 @,@ 688 in 1869 to $ 4 @,@ 843 @,@ 440 in 1875 . The properties next to Washington Park on Robin Street , which was renamed Englewood Terrace , increased in value from $ 9 @,@ 500 in 1875 to $ 175 @,@ 800 by 1891 . \n The Commissioners were given by the state additional powers to build and maintain approaches to the park and other parks as well , this allowed the commissioners to build a series of boulevards around the city . Western Avenue from the northwestern corner of Washington Park to the location of the toll gate of the Western Turnpike was under the purview of the commissioners . Work on the road began in late 1876 and was finished the next year . The total construction cost of the park , including purchasing the real estate and improving Western Avenue , was $ 1 @,@ 073 @,@ 020 @.@ 91 . In 1878 Northern Boulevard ( today Manning Boulevard ) was constructed by the commissioners , it extended from the western end of their jurisdiction on Western Avenue north and east to the intersection of Clinton and Central avenues . In 1896 the state legislature also gave the commissioners authority over Lake Avenue from the park corner at Madison Avenue south to New Scotland Avenue ( then- Albany , Schoharie , and Rensselaerville Plank Road ) . In addition to boulevards the Commissioners of Washington Park also gained control of other existing parks , and built new ones throughout the city , including Academy Park , Bleeker Park , Hudson Avenue Park , Clinton Square , Rensselaer Park , St. Joseph 's Park , Townsend Park , Beaver Park ( later Lincoln Park ) , and the former grounds of the Dudley Observatory . In 1900 the board of commissioners was transformed into the Bureau of Parks in the Department of Public Works and later the bureau became a separate department . \n = = = Modern times = = = \n In 1958 Lancaster Street , which had previously ended at Willett Street opposite the park , was extended through to Northern Boulevard ( today Henry Johnson Boulevard ) . Associated with this extension Northern Boulevard was also widened and both Lancaster and State streets were turned into one @-@ ways . Entrances to Washington Park from Thurlow Terrace and Englewood Place were closed in 1972 turning those into dead end streets from Western Avenue . In 1988 Washington Park Road was renamed Albany Plan of Union Avenue in honor of the colonial congress held in Albany by Benjamin Franklin that proposed closer ties and support among the Thirteen Colonies . In 1991 Northern Boulevard from its intersection with Madison Avenue and Willett Street north through the park and continuing to Livingston Avenue in Arbor Hill was renamed Henry Johnson Boulevard in honor of African @-@ American World War I hero Henry Johnson . \n In the 1950s Dutch elm disease ( Ceratocystis ulmi ) killed off all the elms that once populated the park and crab apples were planted to replace the elms along the pedestrian mall . After deteriorating over the decades Washington Park saw a revival in the 1990s and 2000s with the flower beds being restored to their original specifications , the pedestrian mall removed of pavement and widened to its original dimensions with disease @-@ resistant elms planted to form a canopy , the King Fountain relit at night , and the lilac shrub border around the periphery of the park being restored . \n = = Structures = = \n Originally Washington Park included many buildings : several shelters of untrimmed logs , a pavilion , wellhouse , croquet shelter , and lakehouse once dotted the landscape . The wooden lake house was replaced in 1929 with a \" modern \" brick structure while the others over time succumbed to age and changing use @-@ patterns for the park and no longer stand . The footbridge over Washington Park Lake is the only remaining original structure in Washington Park ; erected over the lake in 1875 the lamps on the bridge were originally gas burning but were electrified in 1881 . \n The current Washington Park Lake House was built in 1929 replacing the original stick style structure constructed in 1876 . It is constructed in the Spanish Revival style with terracotta , terrazzo , brick , and guastavino tile . The area in front of the lake house has been the site for the performance of plays by the Park Playhouse for over 20 years . A 900 @-@ seat amphitheater faces the lake house allowing for comfortable seating for the over 60 @,@ 000 people who visit every year . A proposal by the city to turn the lake house into a 125 @-@ seat restaurant and 200 @-@ seat banquet hall with an expanded dock with boat , cross @-@ country ski , and ice skate rentals failed to materialize due to a lack of interest from the private business sector . \n = = Monuments = = \n Dr. James H. Armsby Memorial is a bust of James H. Armsby , the co @-@ founder of Albany Medical College . Erected in 1879 , it was the first memorial in the park . \n Robert Burns Statue is a bronze statue erected in 1888 , with four panels around the base installed in 1891 . It is of the famous Scottish poet Robert Burns , his statue was sculpted by Charles Calverley and each of the four panels around the base have one of Burns ' poems carved by George H. Boughton . The Saint Andrew 's Society funded conservation of the statue in 1978 . \n King Memorial Fountain is a fountain erected in 1893 with a monumental bronze statue of Moses smiting the rock for water on Mount Horeb . Four figures of Israelite slaves around the statue on the side of the mountain represent the four stages of life : infancy , youth , adulthood , and old age . The fountain is in the center of formal gardens laid out by William S. Egerton . It was a gift from Rufus H. King and was sculpted by J. Massey Rhind , who also sculpted the Philip Schuyler statue that stands at the center of the intersection of Eagle Street and Washington Avenue in front of city hall . In 1988 , the statue of Moses was cleaned and applied with a wax coating to protect it from the weather , and an arm was reattached to one of the four other statues on the fountain . \n Marinus Willett Memorial is a monument to Colonel Marinus Willett commemorating his combat and character during the French and Indian Wars . It consists of a 33 @,@ 000 @-@ pound ( 15 @,@ 000 kg ) boulder from the \" scenes of conflict \" he fought in , and the plaque is dedicated to his \" patriotic services in defense of Albany and the people of the Mohawk \" . The boulder was placed by the Sons of the American Revolution in 1907 , facing towards an entrance to the park from the corner of State and Willett streets , an entrance that no longer exists . The boulder 's back faced Henry Johnson Boulevard ( formerly Northern Boulevard ) and was the scene of many vehicular accidents as drivers missed a sharp curve . In 2006 , as part of the 200th anniversary of the park , the boulder was moved 60 yards ( 55 m ) to the corner of State and Willett . \n Soldiers and Sailors ' Monument is a marble monument sitting on a granite base with a bronze statue representing the Nation , holding the palms of victory . The monument is built of Tennessee marble above the seat and the remainder is of Stony Creek granite . It is 22 feet ( 6 @.@ 7 m ) high , 21 feet ( 6 @.@ 4 m ) long and 5 @.@ 5 feet ( 1 @.@ 7 m ) deep , surrounded by a seat , the whole resting upon a platform 70 feet ( 21 m ) long by 64 feet ( 20 m ) deep . It sits at the Henry Johnson Boulevard entrance from State Street to the park . The monument represents \" The Nation at Peace Won Through Victorious War \" . It was finished in 1911 by American Sculptor Hermon A. MacNeil and erected in 1912 by the Grand Army of the Republic as a monument to Civil War veterans . The monument was restored in 1986 and renamed the Albany Veterans Memorial Monument with an unveiling by two 85 @-@ year @-@ old women who , as 12 @-@ year @-@ olds , had unveiled the monument when it was first erected in 1912 . \n Henry Johnson Memorial is a bust of World War I hero Henry Johnson in a traffic island at the intersection of Henry Johnson Boulevard and Willett Street near Madison Avenue , erected in 1991 . \n = = Activities = = \n Washington Park has many activities open to visitors and residents , some maintained by the city , others are spontaneously set up by individuals . Washington Park 's open spaces are often used by visitors to play boccie , volleyball , and badminton games . Tennis , basketball , and handball courts are maintained by the city in the park , and ice skating is permitted on Washington Park Lake , though swimming is prohibited . Bicycling is popular on the many roadways , many of which are closed to vehicular traffic . Though skate"},"length_category":{"kind":"string","value":"Very Long"},"source":{"kind":"string","value":"wikitext-103-excerpt"}}},{"rowIdx":6699,"cells":{"text":{"kind":"string","value":" fact that adoption is possible for previous offenders , with Kelly stating : \" They said the two main things they look for are stability in a family and a lot of back @-@ up at home , which Becky and Steve have with Roy , Hayley and Liz . \" On what kind of mother Becky will be , Kelly added : \" She 'd either palm it off on Roy and Hayley and the Barlows , or she would be over @-@ protective and not want it to have the life she had . \" \n = = = Kylie and Max = = = \n Producers later introduced a half @-@ sister for Becky , in the form of Kylie Turner ( Paula Lane ) . Kylie was initially described as having a \" full on \" personality , similar to Becky . When she arrives , she ruins her and Steve 's plans for adoption . She and Kylie brawl violently over the incident ; Lane received bruising from filming the scenes . They were so violent that they were toned down before transmission . Kelly described Kylie and Becky as having a love @-@ hate relationship with her , but at the time she \" wants to kill her \" . Lane herself stated that Kylie loves Becky but \" feels resentful that she left home when she was only eight . Becky was like a mother to Kylie . \" \n It is then revealed Kylie has a son , Max ( Harry McDermott ) who is in foster care . Lane stated that when she gets Max back , Kylie takes advantage of Becky 's bond with him . In another storyline , Kylie makes a pass at Steve . Steve decides not to tell Becky because he knows Kylie will take Max away , as she is trouble . Kylie plays on the fact Becky is desperate for a child and offers to sell Max to her . Gregson said he felt it immoral to buy a child , but stressed \" Kylie isn ’ t an ordinary mother – she only cares about herself . \" He said that Steve believes Max would be better off with him and Becky . Steve is first to take Kylie seriously , Gregson believed this was because Kylie has \" proved herself ruthless \" and \" not the best mum \" . Lane was so shocked with the storyline that she had to take breaks from filming scenes . \n = = Storylines = = \n = = = Backstory = = = \n Over the course of the series elements of Becky 's backstory are revealed to the viewer . The character is stated to have been raised by an abusive , alcoholic mother until leaving home at the age of fourteen after being raped by her mother 's boyfriend . Becky was left to fend for herself until she was taken into care . Becky has mentioned living with numerous foster families , but stated that none of them were willing to adopt her as she was somewhat of a \" wild child \" . Becky had a heavily disrupted education , having attended many schools , several of which she was expelled from . \n = = = 2006 – 12 = = = \n Becky first appears in Coronation Street as a friend of local factory worker Kelly Crabtree ( Tupele Dorgu ) , whom she frames for theft at the Underworld lingerie factory . After betraying Kelly , she leaves the area for several months , returning later in the year when she meets former workmate Hayley Cropper , who is teaching an ex @-@ offenders literacy class . Becky promises Hayley she will reform , and is offered a job at Roy 's Rolls , the cafe owned and run by Hayley 's partner , Roy . She doesn 't change as promised and soon begins breaking the Croppers ' property , threatening customers and stealing money from the till . Slug , a former acquaintance of Becky 's , arrives in Weatherfield and the two joyride in the Croppers ' newly acquired Morris Minor . Becky loses the couple 's trust and her job . Hayley refuses Becky 's apologies and when the cafe catches fire and Becky is rescued from the burning building , the Croppers assume she was responsible . Hayley apologises to Becky on learning that the fire was caused by an electrical fault and the two resume their friendship , with Becky re @-@ employed at Roy 's Rolls . \n Becky starts dating local builder Jason Grimshaw , but after being with him for several months , she cheats on him with pub landlord Steve McDonald . Jason and Becky move in together , but when Jason 's ex @-@ wife Sarah Grimshaw ( Tina O 'Brien ) reveals she is considering coming home , he ends things with Becky . Becky attacks Jason in The Rovers Return pub and then goes on a pub crawl , getting drunk and stealing a girl 's purse in a nightclub , flashing her breasts in public , and vandalising a travel agency window and a police car . When the police bring Becky in for questioning over her actions , she encounters DC Hooch ( Dominic Carter ) , an adversary from her past . Becky claims to have been with Steve on the night of her rampage and blackmails him to give her a false alibi , threatening to tell his partner Michelle Connor ( Kym Marsh ) about their one @-@ night stand . \n Becky reveals to Steve that Hooch arrested her for shoplifting when she was fifteen , and attempted to molest her . She filed a complaint against him at the time , and Hooch is determined to get his revenge as this harmed his promotion prospects . During Becky 's trial , Steve develops genuine feelings for her and they begin an affair , with Steve promising to leave Michelle . Although he keeps his promise , Becky reunites with Jason , eventually leading to him proposing to her . She accepts but reconsiders when Steve proposes as well . Becky ultimately breaks up with Jason and moves in with Steve . His daughter , Amy Barlow ( Amber Chadwick ) , initially dislikes Becky , prompting her to put their wedding on hold though Steve eventually convinces her to set a date . Becky turns up to her wedding so drunk that the vicar refuses to perform the ceremony . They plan a second ceremony , Slug returns , seemingly reformed but actually working for Hooch . Slug plants drugs on Becky . At Becky and Steve 's 2nd wedding , the reception is raided by police , and Becky is arrested for drug possession . Steve hires lawyers to free Becky and after Steve and Becky find Slug and convince him to tell them what Hooch has on him that he would even consider framing Becky , they use it to blackmail Hooch into calling a truce and drop the charges . \n Becky tells Steve that she is pregnant and he later discovers that Becky has already told Claire and Steve tells his mother , Liz . Unfortunately Becky miscarries twice , although she was unaware of her 2nd pregnancy , and medical tests reveal an abnormality of the womb , meaning she is unable to carry a child full @-@ term , making Becky decide that she wants to adopt . During the process , Steve needs a reference from Amy 's mother , Tracy Barlow ( Kate Ford ) , who promptly uses it to cause trouble , making Becky threaten , in return , that Tracy will never see Amy again . Unfortunately Becky and Steve are refused the right to adopt because her estranged half @-@ sister Kylie gave a bad reference and the fact that Social Services feel that it is too soon after her miscarriages . She confronts Kylie , but the sisters eventually reconcile and Becky helps Kylie reclaim custody of her son , Max . Becky becomes very attached to Max , whilst Kylie becomes more irresponsible . Kylie announces plans to move to Cyprus with her new boyfriend and Becky begs her to reconsider , so Kylie offers to sell Max to her and Steve for £ 20 @,@ 000 , which they agree to . On the night of the tram crash , Kylie returns and demands more money , so Becky steals £ 5 @,@ 000 from the ruins of Dev Alahan 's ( Jimmi Harkishin ) corner shop , to pay Kylie off . Tracy is released from prison and the two start feuding again , particularly after Tracy discovers Max 's sale and agrees to keep quiet in exchange for Amy . When Tracy is brutally attacked , Becky is arrested for the incident until Claire admits she was responsible but Becky admits looting Dev 's shop , Sunita Alahan ( Shobna Gulati ) is furious but does not report her . When Liz finds out she makes life hard for Becky . Becky gets drunk and attacks Kylie and forces Liz out of the pub . Jim McDonald ( Charles Lawson ) offers to buy the Rovers — with the money Becky and Steve decide to start a new life abroad and steal Amy . Jim 's attempts to rob a bank fail and they are forced to cancel their plans . Steve calls Social Services to check on Max and they take him into care . Becky believes Tracy made the call and smashes her front room up with a sledge @-@ hammer . Before she can hit Tracy , Steve confesses . Becky walks out on Steve and goes off the rails once more . \n Becky , still crushed over her betrayal by Steve , stays with Roy and Hayley . While Fiz Brown ( Jennie McAlpine ) is in prison , Becky takes part in helping Hayley take care of baby Hope Stape ( Harriet Atkins and Sadie Pilbury ) , whom she grows very close to and struggles to hand her back to Fiz . Becky is upset when she discovers that Tracy is pregnant with Steve 's twins . Becky goes on a business meeting with Steve and attempts to seduce him , while Tracy suffers a miscarriage . Tracy assumes Steve is sleeping with Becky and goes to see her . Tracy falls down the stairs and pretends to have only just lost her babies and blames Becky . When everyone turns against her , Becky gets drunk and burns photographs of herself and Steve which causes a fire in her flat . Becky is saved from the fire by Nick Tilsley ( Ben Price ) and vows to gain revenge on Tracy . Becky begins dating Danny Stratton ( Jeremy Sheffield ) who later reveals that Tracy lost the babies before her fall . Gail Platt ( Helen Worth ) helps Becky retrieve Tracy 's medical records which confirm she is lying . Becky exposes Tracy 's lies at her wedding reception . Becky decides to go to Barbados with Danny and Steve attempts to stop her . Becky then boards the flight with Danny and departs . \n = = Reception = = \n = = = Critical response = = = \n The character has been praised by Nacro , a crime reduction charity which aims to tackle social exclusion and reintegrate offenders . Kelly was concerned they may find Becky to be a caricature , but was pleased to learn they enjoyed Becky being portrayed in a positive light . Media website Digital Spy deemed Kelly a Coronation Street \" icon \" when the Radio Times had her recreate Manet 's famous painting , A Bar at the Folies @-@ Bergère . Kris Green of the same website branded Becky 's rampage storyline as a repeat of a previous plot in which David Platt ( Jack P. Shepherd ) smashed up Coronation Street , while Daniel Kilkelly had branded Becky as a \" hellraiser \" . \n TV critic Nancy Banks @-@ Smith praised the character in 2008 , calling Becky \" the strongest new character since Raquel ( Watts ) of blessed memory \" , while The Daily Mirror 's Beth Neil called Becky Coronation Street 's \" most outrageous character \" , as well as \" one of the soap 's most popular characters \" . Kelly credited the producers ' decision to pair her character with Roy and Hayley Cropper as the moment public support for Becky rose , stating : \" The Croppers were the making of Becky , and without them I actually don 't think Becky would still be in the show . The Croppers , especially Roy , were the thing that really turned public opinion [ about Becky ] around to being positive . \" Grace Dent of The Guardian commented on Becky 's wedding describing her appearance as : \" [ Wearing an ] Oil @-@ stained pink princess frock carrying a two litre bottle of street @-@ drinker fuel , shouting football chants , with the words eruditely swapped to honour the groom . Becky 's beehive lurched like a detonated high rise , her lip colour swept westward on to her earlobe , a Regal King Size blazed in her gob . \" With their wedding ruined , Dent commented that although it was karma , they didn 't deserve it because \" Viewers want Steve and Becky to be together \" . Telecommunication company Orange state that Becky is well known for \" her love of cheap cider and Regal King Size 's \" . \n Ruth Deller of entertainment website Lowculture often praises Becky in her monthly columns featuring popular and unpopular soap opera characters . Of Becky she states : \" Every scene she 's in sparkles and she 's been a very welcome presence in the Street this past year or so . Long may Queen Becky reign . \" Deller has also praised her friendship with Claire branding it as good direction for the characters , stating : \" Claire has made the very smart move of becoming mates with HRH Queen Becky recently . This can only be a good thing , as everything Becky touches turns to gold . \" Francine Cohen of the Daily Mirror commented on Becky 's storylines stating : \" Becky ’ s plots have ranged from drug busts to drunken rampages , but the most poignant yet has been her recent pregnancy , miscarriage and subsequent infertility . \" Channel 5 's soap opera reporting website Holy Soap recall Becky 's most memorable moment as being her failed wedding attempt and joked : \" She might not remember her first wedding day but we all do ! \" \n The storyline which featured the character 's old nemesis DC Hooch drew criticism of Becky 's excessive littering of her cigarette butts . Environmental agencies ' Keep Britain Tidy ' and ' CleanupUK ' commented : \" It is disappointing that Coronation Street chooses to allow one of its characters to throw a butt on the floor and suggest that it is okay to treat our streets like a giant ashtray . We understand the writers are concerned with realism but Becky is a role model to many viewers . We all have a responsibility to keep our local area clean and we would hope that producers of programmes such as Coronation Street would support our call to encourage the public to keep our country tidy . \" A spokesperson for the show defended Becky 's actions , stating they were portraying the character 's high levels of stress realistically . Inside Soap readers voted in a poll to find out which character would be missed the most after they depart . Becky won with sixty percent of the vote , whilst up against Eve Jenson ( Emmerdale ) and Ronnie Mitchell ( EastEnders ) . Julie Richardson writing for Orange U.K. said she \" loved a good TV scrap \" and the serial had \" a corker \" with Becky and Kylie 's fight which took place in 2011 . Jim Shelley of the Daily Mirror praised Becky 's feud with Tracy , explaining it was a \" perfectly poised , barbed battle \" . Though he said it was ruined by Kylie 's return . \n Kevin O 'Sullivan of the Sunday Mirror said that Becky had a \" seismic departure \" as she \" checked out of soapland 's asylum in characteristically crazy style \" . He added that \" barking Becky \" left \" hell town Weatherfield \" after much soul @-@ searching . O 'Sullivan opined that the \" corrie cobbles \" would not be the same with out Becky . Although , he felt it was a \" shame the only storyline she ever had was the stuck record of her rancid relationship with mad Mr McDonald . \" Christopher Couture , founder of self @-@ titled celebrity gossip blog ChristopherCouture.co.uk , described Kelly as \" the new Bet Lynch \" on Twitter , following her final episode . Laura Morgan of All About Soap said that Becky 's exit will \" go down in soap history as one of the best \" . In September 2012 , Inside Soap named Becky 's exit as their number 2 happy ending , \" Becky believed the world expected the worst of her , and thought it her duty to deliver the goods — generally with a strain of White Diamond cider spending down the front of her wedding dress . Steve loved Becky , but her inability to have kids made her insecure — and Tracy exploited that pain in order to drive the pair apart . Happily , Becky won her revenge in the end , and moved to Barbados with Jeremy Sheffield [ who played Danny ] . The jammy so @-@ and @-@ so . \" \n = = = Accolades = = = \n Kelly has won and been nominated for a variety of awards for her portrayal of Becky . In 2009 , she was named \" Best Female Soap Star \" at the TV Now Awards , \" TV Soap Personality of the Year \" at the Television and Radio Industries Club awards and \" Best Actress \" at the British Soap Awards . At the 2009 TV Choice & TV Quick Awards , Kelly was named \" Best Actress \" . 2010 saw Kelly and co @-@ star Gregson win the \" Bride And Doom \" partnership award at the \" All About Soap Awards \" . In 2008 , Kelly was nominated for the \" Outstanding Serial Drama Performance \" award at the National Television Awards . At the British Soap Awards , Kelly was nominated for \" Best Actress \" , \" Best Comedy Performance \" and \" Best On @-@ Screen Partnership \" with Neilson . The following year she was again nominated for \" Best On @-@ Screen Partnership \" , this time with Gregson and \" Sexiest Female \" . At the 2009 \" Inside Soap Awards \" , Kelly received a nomination for \" Best Actress \" . The following year at the Inside Soap Awards Kelly was nominated \" Best Actress \" and Becky and Steve were nominated for \" Best Wedding \" . Also in 2010 , Kelly was nominated for \" Serial Drama Performance \" at the National Television Awards . Kelly also garnered nominations for \" Best On @-@ Screen Partnership \" with Gregson and \" Best Actress \" at the British Soap Awards . In February 2011 , Kelly was nominated for Best Actress at the Soap Bubbles Awards . Kelly was again nominated for \" Best Actress \" at the 2011 British Soap Awards . At the TVTimes \" Corrie Awards \" , Becky and Steve were nominated in the category of \" Best Couple \" , whilst Becky herself was nominated for \" Best Female Character \" . In January 2012 , Kelly won the award for \" Best Serial Performance \" at the National Television Awards . In April 2012 Kelly won the award for ' Best Exit ' at the 2012 British Soap Awards , whilst ' Becky 's Final Farewell ' was voted best single episode . \n = I Like You So Much Better When You 're Naked ( Grey 's Anatomy ) = \n \" I Like You So Much Better When You 're Naked \" is the twelfth episode of the sixth season of the American television medical drama Grey 's Anatomy , and the show 's 114th episode overall . It was written by Tony Phelan and Joan Rater , and directed by Donna Deitch . It aired on the American Broadcasting Company in the United States on January 21 , 2010 . In the episode , Dr. Izzie Stevens ( Katherine Heigl ) returns to the fictional Seattle Grace Mercy West Hospital with the fear that her estranged husband Dr. Alex Karev ( Justin Chambers ) is moving on . Further storylines include Dr. Derek Shepherd ( Patrick Dempsey ) contemplating as to whether or not he should report the chief of surgery Dr. Richard Webber ( James Pickens , Jr . ) , for his alcoholism , and Dr. Callie Torres ( Sara Ramirez ) battling the chicken pox . \n The episode was originally intended to serve as the final episode before Heigl 's maternity leave , but was later marked as her final appearance to the series . Kim Raver ( Dr. Teddy Altman ) reprised her role as a guest star , in addition to Jesse Williams ( Dr. Jackson Avery ) and Mitch Pileggi ( Larry Jennings ) . The title of the episode refers to the song , \" I Like You So Much Better When You 're Naked \" , by Norwegian rock musician , Ida Maria . \" I Like You So Much Better When You 're Naked \" opened to generally favorable reviews , with Sandra Oh ( Dr. Cristina Yang ) ' s performance particularly praised . Upon its initial airing , the episode was viewed by 12 @.@ 70 million Americans , ranked second in its time @-@ slot , and garnered a 4 @.@ 7 / 12 Nielsen rating / share in the 18 – 49 demographic . \n = = Plot = = \n The episode begins with general surgeon Dr. Miranda Bailey ( Chandra Wilson ) performing a special surgery , and to her dismay , the chief of surgery Dr. Richard Webber ( James Pickens , Jr . ) is absent from the operating room . At Dr. Meredith Grey ( Ellen Pompeo ) ' s house , Dr. Lexie Grey ( Chyler Leigh ) is engaging in sexual activity with Dr. Alex Karev ( Justin Chambers ) , while his wife , Dr. Izzie Stevens ( Katherine Heigl ) is estranged . In the next room , Meredith begins arguing with her husband , Dr. Derek Shepherd ( Patrick Dempsey ) , over whether or not he should report the chief of surgery , Dr. Richard Webber ( James Pickens , Jr . ) ' s alcoholism to Larry Jennings ( Mitch Pileggi ) , the hospital 's president . \n Dr. Izzie Stevens ( Katherine Heigl ) returns home after being on a hiatus , due to her being fired from the hospital , to rekindle her relationship with Karev . Dr. Callie Torres ( Sara Ramirez ) and Dr. Arizona Robbins ( Jessica Capshaw ) are being intimate in the hospital 's on @-@ call room , until Torres discovers that she has the chicken pox . Robbins places her in isolation , because she wants a \" sexy \" relationship , and does not think the chicken pox can account to that . Meredith is set to perform a Pancreaticoduodenectomy procedure with Dr. Jackson Avery ( Jesse Williams ) , under the supervision of Webber , but under the influence of alcohol , he falls asleep , and Bailey performs the surgery . In an effort to reason with Meredith , Shepherd offers her a proposition . Shepherd is aware that he will receive Webber 's job if he is reported , and therefore will be in charge of hiring . He explains to Meredith that if she lets him report the chief , he will let Stevens re @-@ obtain her job . \n Stevens enters the hospital to receive a Positron emission tomography , due to her cancer . When it is revealed that she is now cancer @-@ free , her happiness leads Meredith to allowing Shepherd to report Webber . In the previous episode , \" Blink \" , Dr. Cristina Yang ( Sandra Oh ) told cardiothoracic surgeon Dr. Teddy Altman ( Kim Raver ) that she could have Dr. Owen Hunt ( Kevin McKidd ) , her boyfriend , if she continued to work at Seattle Grace Mercy West . An appalled Altman reveals this to Hunt , however , him and Yang subsequently mend their relationship , and Altman continues to work at the hospital . Lexie meets up with Dr. Mark Sloan ( Eric Dane ) , her ex @-@ boyfriend , and reveals that she had sex with Karev . Sloan reveals that he too was involved in sexual activity , but is unable to forgive Lexie . At the conclusion of the work @-@ day , Stevens approaches Karev , seeking reconciliation , but he explains that he does not deserve to be treated the way he was , and asks her to leave . Meredith informs Stevens that she is getting her job back , but disinterested , Stevens departs , seeking a fresh start to life . \n = = Production = = \n The episode was written by Tony Phelan and Joan Rater , and directed by Donna Deitch . David Greenspan edited the episode and Danny Lux served as the music coordinator . The episode was broadcast with Dolby Digital sound , being aired in both standard and high @-@ definition , and running for 43 minutes without commercials . Featured music included Ingrid Michaelson 's \" Everybody \" and Amanda Blank 's \" Something Bigger , Something Better \" , and the episode was named after the song , \" I Like You So Much Better When You 're Naked \" , by Norwegian rock musician , Ida Maria . The episode saw Heigl briefly return after a five @-@ episode hiatus to film the movie , Life as We Know It . \" I Like You So Much Better When You 're Naked \" was also planned to be the last episode before her maternity leave , however , in March 2010 , when she did not return to the Grey 's Anatomy set after her maternity leave , Heigl marked this episode as her last . \n While writing the scene with Meredith and Shepherd fighting , Rater explained that she was intending to show how they matured , adding : \" This is a real grown @-@ up argument . Meredith isn 't running away , getting all dark and going to Cristina for help getting out of her marriage . She 's staying and fighting . \" While writing the episode , writers intended the theme of the episode to be \" exposure \" , but after the episode was filmed , realized it was \" ambition \" . Rater commented on this : \" Derek wants to be Chief ; Meredith wants to do a procedure that she knows she isn ’ t ready for ; Cristina wants Teddy to stay . \" In the episode , Oh 's character asked her fellow residents if they would choose love or surgery , if need be , with Stevens choosing love and Yang and Meredith choosing surgery . The Grey 's Anatomy staff offered the insight : \" When we were first discussing this story we had a knock down drag out fight in the writers ' room – if you had to choose your love or your art , which would you choose ? And some of us came down on the Cristina side , and some of us came down on the Izzie side – that in the end love is all that matters . \" At the conclusion of the episode , Karev ended his marriage to Stevens . Rater expressed that the writers decided to have the fictional couple break @-@ up , because Stevens wasn 't sick anymore , and Karev would not have left her when she was . \n = = Reception = = \n = = = Broadcasting = = = \n \" I Like You So Much Better When You 're Naked \" was first broadcast on January 21 , 2010 in the United States on ABC . The episode was viewed by a total of 12 @.@ 7 million Americans , down 0 @.@ 20 % from the previous episode . In terms of viewership , the episode ranked second in its 9 : 00 Eastern time @-@ slot , just behind CBS ' CSI , and third for the night , losing to CBS ' The Mentalist and CSI . Although the episode experienced a low in viewership , its 4 @.@ 7 / 12 Nielsen rating ranked first in its time @-@ slot and the entire night , for both the rating and share percentages of the 18 – 49 demographic , beating out typically high @-@ rated shows , including its spin @-@ off Private Practice , Fox 's Bones , CSI , The Mentalist , and NBC 's juggernaut , The Office . \n = = = Critical reception = = = \n The episode was generally well received among television critics . Prior to broadcast , E ! Online 's Jennifer Godwin expressed her fear : \" [ I 'm ] a little afraid that Iz [ zie ] is just stopping by to break Alex 's heart before vanishing again . \" After the episode aired , TV Fanatic 's Steve Marsi noted that the argument between Shepherd and Meredith \" didn 't work \" , calling him \" aggressive \" . Marsi also commented on Oh 's performance : \" Incredible performance by Sandra Oh as always . You can see the inner turmoil even when few or no words are exchanged , forgetting you 're watching an actress . Simply amazing . \" BuzzSugar called Sloan 's inability to forgive Lexie \" an unexpected twist \" , and referred to the tensions between Yang , Hunt , and Altman as \" awkward \" . \n The Huffington Post 's Michael Pascua opinionated that \" I Like You So Much Better When You 're Naked \" \" reestablished Meredith as the core character of the show \" , adding : \" She was the one who had to deal with Derek 's problems with the chief , the aftermath of Alex and Lexie , Cristina 's driven nature , and had to console the chief . \" Pascua also called Altman 's telling Hunt of what Yang told her \" stereotypical \" , and praised Chambers ' character for not taking Stevens back . Pascua was impressed with the chicken pox storyline , writing : \n \" Our odd form of comical relief came in the form of Callie . I loved how she was stuck in the \" gauze paws \" and that she still looked attractive even with blotchy red bumps on her face . Somehow Arizona can pull off a little white lie and it magically works for her . It ended up strengthening their relationship , as well . \" \n = Waisale Serevi = \n Waisale Tikoisolomoni Serevi ( born 20 May 1968 in Suva , Fiji ) is a former Fijian rugby union footballer , and coach . Although he played fifteen @-@ a @-@ side rugby throughout his playing career , Serevi is most notable for his achievements in rugby sevens . He is widely considered as one of the greatest rugby sevens players ever . \n In the 15 @-@ man game , he played for Fiji 39 times between 1989 and 2003 , and scored 376 points . This included representing Fiji in the 1991 , 1999 , and 2003 Rugby World Cups . He has also played professionally for the Mitsubishi , Leicester , Stade Montois , Stade Bordelais and Staines rugby teams . \n His representative sevens career started in 1989 when he played for Fiji at the Hong Kong tournament . Serevi has also played in the 1993 , 1997 , 2001 , and 2005 Rugby World Cup Sevens , winning the World Cup with Fiji in 1997 and 2005 . He won silver at the Commonwealth Games in 1998 and 2002 , and captured bronze in 2006 . Serevi has played in the International Rugby Board Sevens Series since its creation in 1999 . In 2005 after winning the 2005 Rugby World Cup Sevens Serevi was appointed the Fiji Sevens team 's coach . He coached Fiji to the 2005 @-@ 06 World Sevens Series victory – the first time the series was not won by New Zealand . \n = = Early life = = \n The third of five children , Serevi was born in Suva , on the island of Viti Levu on 20 May 1968 . He was raised by staunch Christian parents who were both heavily involved in the Church . Serevi 's inspiration to play rugby stemmed from his childhood , when Fiji defeated the British Lions in 1977 . He missed watching the match , and decided to take up rugby after seeing how happy the victory made the people of Fiji . \n His family moved twice when he was a child ; the second time settling in Suva where Serevi started secondary school . There he attended Lelean Memorial School . His schooling was unsuccessful however , and he failed his Fiji Junior Certificate Examination ( tenth year ) in 1984 . Serevi blamed his love for rugby , saying he \" played too much and didn 't spend enough time studying . \" \n After failing his examinations Serevi quit school and continued to play for his local club Rewa . Although he trained with the team , he was omitted from playing as the coach , Jo Rauto , thought he was too small and would get hurt . He was eventually selected to play for the senior provincial side when he was 17 . Several months later he was asked to join the Nabua Rugby Club – under the guidance of coach Ratu Kitione Tuibua – by his uncle Vesito Rauluni . Serevi 's Nabua team were highly successful in Fiji 's sevens tournaments . \n = = Fifteens career = = \n = = = Club = = = \n Prior to 1993 he played for the Nasinu Rugby Club in the Suva Club Rugby Competition , and represented Suva on numerous occasions . In 1993 Serevi signed for the Mitsubishi team from Kyoto , Japan . His initial salary was A $ 70 @,@ 000 a year before this increased to A $ 90 @,@ 000 a year . While with Mitsubishi in 1994 , Serevi was approached by Australian Rugby League clubs the Canberra Raiders , and later the Brisbane Crushers to play for them . After being set to join the Crushers , Serevi decided to stay with Mitsubishi due to a pay rise , and pressure from Fiji 's Methodist Church to continue playing rugby union . \n Serevi continued to play for Mitsubishi until 1997 when he joined English club Leicester on a two @-@ year contract . He was first approached by Leicester after he played against them for a World XV at Twickenham in 1996 . He stayed at Leicester for only one season before moving to the French club Stade Montois in Mont @-@ de @-@ Marsan . \n After joining Stade Montois , Serevi moved to the coaching staff due to the second level sides only being allowed to play two non @-@ European Union players . After getting clearance from the French Rugby Federation , Serevi was cleared to play for the club in 2001 . He continued there until joining Stade Bordelais in January 2004 . In late 2004 Serevi joined London club Staines ; making his debut in a victory against Thurrock in December that year . Serevi stopped playing professional club rugby in 2005 . \n = = = International = = = \n In 1987 Serevi was selected for the Fiji B team , and the following year he was selected for Fiji , playing against Wellington in New Zealand . The Wellington game was his first in front of a large crowd , and he had mixed feelings about making his debut in front of a huge crowd . The next year he made his Test debut against Belgium in Liege . \n After being a regular selection for Fiji in 1989 , and playing three games in 1990 , Serevi was selected in the 1991 Rugby World Cup squad . He played against France and Canada , losing both games . He only played four fifteen @-@ aside games for Fiji in 1992 and 1993 – with Fiji losing all four . These results led to Fiji failing to qualify for the 1995 Rugby World Cup in South Africa . In 1996 Serevi was selected for his first Fiji game since 1993 . The match was against Northland in Whangarei , and resulted in a 49 – 18 win ; Serevi 's first win with the national team since 1991 . He was selected for seven games in 1996 , including matches against South Africa and the New Zealand Māori . \n Serevi did not play for Fiji in the 1997 season , but did come on against Scotland in Fiji 's 51 – 26 win at Suva in 1998 . He was continually selected throughout 1998 , and played Tests against France , USA , Australia , Tonga and Samoa . The following year he again played for Fiji ; including consecutive wins over Spain , Uruguay , and Italy . Fiji qualified for the 1999 Rugby World Cup in France , with Serevi playing in three of Fiji 's matches – including wins over Namibia and Canada . \n Following the 1999 Rugby World Cup , Serevi did not play for Fiji again until 2001 . In that year he came on against an Italian regional XV after 57 minutes and scored two tries , two conversions and two penalties to help his team to a 33 – 23 victory . This was followed by a match against Italy where he scored all of Fiji 's points ( Fiji lost 10 – 66 ) . He played two more matches for Fiji that season , including a win over the French Barbarians , in which Serevi was captain . \n In 2002 Serevi played four matches for Fiji – all were losses ; first against Wales , then Ireland , Scotland A , and Scotland . Serevi 's last season for Fiji was in 2003 , where he played several matches in build @-@ up to the Rugby World Cup in Australia . These matches included wins over the Queensland Reds , Marlborough , and Chile . His last match for Fiji was a 41 – 13 win over Japan in the 2003 Rugby World Cup ; his third Rugby World Cup tournament . \n = = Sevens career = = \n = = = 1989 – 93 = = = \n After playing domestics sevens in Fiji , Serevi was selected for Fiji for the Sydney Sevens tournament in 1989 . Later that year he made his début at the Hong Kong Sevens . Although New Zealand won the tournament , beating Fiji in their semi @-@ final , Serevi was named player of the tournament . Serevi returned in 1990 when Fiji won their first of three consecutive Hong Kong Sevens titles , and he again picked up player of the tournament after Fiji defeated New Zealand in the final . In 1992 Serevi was again named the player of the tournament . \n At the 1993 Hong Kong Sevens , Serevi scored three tries to help Fiji to a 17 – 14 win over Australia in the semi @-@ final , but was unable to prevent his team being defeated 14 – 12 in the final by Samoa . Fiji 's next major tournament was the inaugural 1993 Rugby Sevens World Cup held in Edinburgh , Scotland . Serevi said that the team was working \" sometimes nine hours a day \" in preparation for the Sevens World Cup . Fiji were defeated by eventual champions England 21 – 7 in their semi @-@ final . Serevi was the equal top point scorer for the tournament . \n = = = 1994 – 99 = = = \n After playing in sevens tournaments in Fiji and Canberra , Serevi returned to the Hong Kong Sevens . After defeating South Africa in their quarter @-@ final , Fiji lost to eventual winners New Zealand in their semi @-@ final . In 1995 , Serevi captained Fiji to the Hong Kong Sevens final . He scored three tries in their semi @-@ final victory over Australia . They then faced New Zealand in the final , and although leading 17 – 14 at one point , eventually lost the game 35 – 17 . In the 1996 tournament , Fiji again met New Zealand in the final ; New Zealand led after Serevi tripped Christian Cullen close to Fiji 's try line . This was followed by a break from Serevi to give Setareki Naivaluwaqa a try . New Zealand scored twice more however , to give them a 19 – 17 victory . Serevi finished the year by leading Fiji to victory in the Dubai Sevens . \n The following year the Hong Kong Sevens doubled as the Rugby Sevens World Cup . Serevi was Fiji 's captain for the tournament . Before the tournament Serevi made a promise to Fiji to \" bring back the Melrose Cup . \" In his first three games of the tournament Serevi scored 59 points to help confirm Fiji as favourites for the title . Fiji did not concede a point until their semi @-@ final , their sixth game of the tournament , and eventually faced South Africa in the final . South Africa scored two tries , before Fiji responded with four tries of their own ; the final score was 24 – 21 to Fiji . Serevi was the tournaments top scorer , with 117 points – including nine tries . He also played for Fiji in the Japan and France sevens ; the latter won by Fiji . \n After winning the Fiji Sevens Tournament with Fiji in March 1998 , Serevi led his country at Hong Kong . Despite a 21 – 21 draw against Argentina in pool play – where Serevi scored one try and set up two – Fiji qualified for the tournament 's quarter @-@ finals . Fiji beat Australia in the quarter @-@ finals , and faced New Zealand in their semi @-@ final . They defeated New Zealand 24 – 7 after Serevi scored one try and set up another two . Fiji faced Samoa in the final , defeating them 28 – 19 . Serevi was named player of the tournament . Later that year he led Fiji in the Rugby Sevens at the 1998 Commonwealth Games in Kuala Lumpur . The team faced New Zealand in the final , losing 21 – 12 , to earn them the silver medal . \n = = = 1999 – 04 = = = \n Serevi started 1999 by winning the Air Pacific Sevens in Fiji ; they defeated Australian Fijians 35 – 7 . Following this Serevi captained Fiji to the Hong Kong Sevens , his eleventh tournament . Fiji defeated Tonga – whose defeat included a try set up by a 40 @-@ metre one handed pass from Serevi – and then Scotland . Fiji and Serevi again faced New Zealand in the final ; Fiji scored three tries , all converted by Serevi , to win 21 – 12 . Serevi dedicated the win to his two daughters . \n In 1999 the inaugural International Rugby Board Sevens series was held starting with the Dubai tournament . Serevi missed this leg , but finished the year by leading Fiji to victory in the South Africa Sevens in Stellenbosch . Serevi then returned for the leg in Mar Del Plata where he scored a try to lead Fiji to victory over New Zealand in the final . He then led Fiji in their first sevens tournament in New Zealand , at Wellington . Fiji again defeated New Zealand in a tournament final , this time 24 – 14 . Serevi was the tournaments top points scorer ( 84 points ) . Serevi also played in the Fiji Sevens tournament , where Fiji lost to New Zealand 31 – 5 in the final . He then led Fiji to victory in the Brisbane leg of the series . Fiji made the final after defeating South Africa in their semi @-@ final ; the final was against Australia , who were leading until the last minute of the match . With less than a minute to go Serevi broke several Australian tackles and sprinted 80 metres to score a try and win the match for Fiji . The try was described at the time by Australian rugby union writer Spiro Zavos as \" the greatest individual try in sevens series history \" , and was voted try of the year at the 2000 Fiji Rugby Awards . At the Hong Kong Sevens , Serevi was the tournament 's top scorer with 75 points , but this was not enough for a Fiji win however , as they lost 31 – 5 to New Zealand in the final . Serevi 's last tournament of the series was in Japan where he led Fiji to victory . \n Serevi started 2001 by leading Fiji in the 2001 Rugby World Cup Sevens in Argentina . Fiji were defeated by Australia in their semi @-@ final ; the Australians went on to lose to New Zealand in the final . In the 2000 – 01 IRB Sevens World Series , he played in only the London and Wales legs . He also missed the 2001 Hong Kong Sevens , the first time he had missed the tournament in 12 years . Serevi was omitted from the team due to form , and the desire to develop new players for the 2004 Rugby World Cup Sevens . Fiji 's coach at the time , Tomasi Cama , suggested Serevi had lost some pace and age was catching up with him . Serevi 's last sevens tournament for the year was the World Games in Akita , Japan . As captain , he led Fiji to the Gold medal after defeating Australia 35 – 19 in the final . \n The first tournament of 2002 for Serevi was in Chile . Fiji advanced to the semi @-@ finals where they faced New Zealand . During the match Serevi was tackled late by New Zealander Amasio Valence . Fijian player Marika Vunibaka ran 50 metres to punch Valence and a brawl then erupted – Fiji ended up losing the game . Serevi and Fiji rebounded the following week to win the tournament at Mar del Plata , Buenos Aires . Serevi played in the Brisbane , Wellington , and then Beijing Sevens before returning to Hong Kong . In Fiji 's defeat of Australia in their quarter @-@ final , Serevi scored 13 points to take his Hong Kong points tally over 1000 . Fiji defeated New Zealand in their semi @-@ final and faced England in the final . England defeated Fiji 33 – 20 in the final . Later that year Serevi captained Fiji to the 2002 Commonwealth Games in Manchester . He helped get the team to the games ' final with a try @-@ saving tackle during Fiji 's 17 – 7 defeat of South Africa in their semi @-@ final . The final was against New Zealand , and despite Serevi landing a penalty to give Fiji a 15 – 14 lead with two minutes left , New Zealand won 33 – 17 . This gave Serevi his second Commonwealth Games silver medal . \n Serevi did not represent Fiji in sevens in 2003 , being controversially omitted from Fiji 's Hong Kong Sevens squad . Serevi had been unable to return to Fiji for a fitness test and national tournament due to commitments with his club Stade Montois in France . Because of this he was omitted from the team , despite being available to play in the tournament . \n After recovering from his injury , Serevi was named in the Fiji sevens squad in January 2004 . This was despite a rule enforced by coach Senivalati Laulau that to be eligible to play , one must attend the team 's trials . After being named in the training squad , Serevi was not selected for the squad for the Wellington or Los Angeles legs of the IRB World Sevens Series . He then missed selection for the team to play in Hong Kong for the second year in a row . Pauliasi Tabulutu replaced Laulau as Fiji 's coach and recalled Serevi to play in the Bordeaux Sevens . Serevi then played in the London leg of the Sevens Series – his last leg of the year . \n = = = 2005 – 07 : player @-@ coach = = = \n Serevi started the year by leading the Lomaiviti Barbarians in the Pacific 7s in Auckland , New Zealand . He returned to Fiji , from his club Staines in England , in February that year in an attempt to play for Fiji in the 2005 Rugby World Cup Sevens . On returning to Fiji , Serevi said \" My goal is to go to the World Cup \" . After being selected by coach Wayne Pivac for the Fiji squad , Serevi was named as captain . \n Led by Serevi , Fiji qualified for the quarter @-@ finals of the Sevens World Cup at Hong Kong , with pool victories over Australia , Canada , Hong Kong , Japan and Portugal . After the pool matches , Pivac said of Serevi ; \" Waisale is the eyes for the other guys \" and \" he brings the others into the game and puts players into gaps . \" After scoring the match @-@ winning try in sudden death against England in their semi @-@ final , Serevi led Fiji to World Cup victory over New Zealand in the final . He finished the tournament as the World Cup 's all @-@ time leading points scorer and goal scorer , and the second highest all @-@ time try scorer . \n A national holiday – 24 March 2005 – was declared in Fiji for the teams return , and the country 's Prime Minister Laisenia Qarase declared : \n On behalf of the Government and people of Fiji and personally , I convey our congratulations to you all – Serevi and the team members , and the management and coaching staff . \n Serevi was appointed Pivac 's successor as Fiji coach on 30 March , and soon after he returned to his village in Qarani to show its people the Melrose Cup . \n Serevi 's first tournament as coach was the Singapore leg of the IRB Sevens Series ; Fiji was defeated by England in their semi @-@ final . The last two legs of the 2004 – 05 IRB Sevens Series were played in London and Paris . There he coached Fiji to the Plate victory , and a final loss respectively . His first major trophy as coach came when Fiji won gold in the 2005 World Games in Germany . \n For the entire 2005 – 06 IRB Sevens Series Serevi was Fiji 's player @-@ coach ( his assistant coach was Jo Savou ) . Fiji won the George leg in South Africa , the Wellington leg in New Zealand , the Singapore leg , and the London leg in England . The team also made the final of the Dubai , Los Angeles , and Hong Kong legs of the series . Fiji won the Series – becoming the first team other than New Zealand to do so . Following the series win Prime Minister Qarase said of Serevi : \n You have set an example of what we can do as a country through vision , sacrifice , hard work , discipline , and making the best use of our gifts and talents . \n In Fiji , celebrations of the win even included a specially composed song dedicated to Serevi named Na Noda Laione . \n As well as coaching Fiji to the IRB Series win in 2006 , Serevi also coached them to bronze at the 2006 Commonwealth Games in Melbourne . There Fiji faced England in their semi @-@ final , but Serevi was unable to take the field due to \" a technical hitch with the fourth official . \" After losing to England , Fiji recovered to defeat Australia 24 – 17 in the play @-@ off for bronze . \n In December 2006 Serevi was offered a coaching position with the Falcons , a South African side . The offer was several times more than he received from the Fiji Rugby Union . The contract required him to be a backline coach and player for two years , and then a coach for the next three years . In the end he decided to instead renew his contract with the Fiji Rugby Union . In early 2007 the interim Sports Minister Lekh Ram Vayeshnoi appointed Serevi to the board of the interim Fiji Sports Council . \n Serevi coached Fiji to the final of the first Sevens Series leg of 2007 in Wellington , where they lost to Samoa 17 – 14 in the final . The team then rebounded when they defeated Samoa to win the San Diego leg . Fiji 's next tournament was Hong Kong where Serevi made a world record 18th appearance . He scored the final try as Fiji defeated New Zealand in Hong Kong . They then faced Samoa in the final ; Samoa led 27 – 0 at half time . Although Fiji then scored 22 points in the second half , Samoa won the final 27 – 22 . Fiji won the following tournament at Adelaide , but only after a converted try by Serevi forcing extra time in their quarter final with South Africa . \n Serevi then coached Fiji to the final of the London leg , where they were defeated by New Zealand . The final leg of the 2006 – 07 Series was in Edinburgh . Fiji needed to qualify for the semi @-@ finals to guarantee they would win the series . They qualified top of pool A and faced Wales in their quarter @-@ final . Wales defeated Fiji in 21 – 14 in a major upset . \" Wales kept the ball well against us , and they scored tries . They deserved to win , \" Serevi said of the loss . New Zealand then won the tournament , making them the series champions after accumulating 130 points to Fiji 's 128 . On 6 July 2007 , Serevi announced his resignation as coach of the national sevens team . \n = = = 2007 – 09 : Coach = = = \n On 24 July 2008 , the Fiji Rugby Union announced the return of Serevi as Fiji 's coach for the 2008 – 09 IRB World Sevens Series and the Rugby Sevens World Cup in Dubai . At the time of the announcement , Serevi was in England receiving an honorary sports degree from Leeds Metropolitan University . Fiji Rugby Union chairman Keni Dakuidreketi denied that Serevi 's selection was a result of the public clamour after the team 's performance in the 2007 – 08 World Sevens Series under coach Jo Savou . \n Despite his return , Serevi 's team did not do well in the first two legs of the 2008 – 09 World Sevens Series , losing their semi @-@ finals in both to South Africa . He also clashed with the Fiji Rugby Union over being left out of player selection duties . As a result , he was dismissed on 29 January 2009 . Iliesa Tanivula took over the post for the rest of the series . \n In August 2009 , the Papua New Guinea Rugby Football Union ( PNGRFU ) hired Serevi to become their sevens development officer on a five @-@ year contract . He was later appointed the national sevens coach . However , on 27 March 2010 , the PNGRFU confirmed that the working relationship with Serevi was finished . Union president Richard Sapias said off @-@ field decisions prompted the severing of relations , especially after Papua New Guinea performed poorly at the Adelaide sevens . \n = = = 2010 – present = = = \n Seeking a fresh start a few months after his departure from the Papua New Guinea team , Serevi moved his family to the United States and settled in Seattle , Washington , to run a business with Fijian expatriates . He used his experience in rugby to open a new brand , the Serevi Rugby Nation , to help pool funds for Pacific Islander players and also run rugby training workshops for the youth . He also worked with the Old Puget Sound Rugby club , and helped Central Washington University qualify for the Collegiate Rugby Championships . On 6 October 2011 , Serevi returned to Fiji and declared his availability to coach the team in qualifying for the 2013 Sevens World Cup and help the team qualify for the 2016 Olympic Games . He was eventually appointed assistant coach for Fiji at the 2013 Rugby World Cup Sevens in Russia . \n = = Personal life = = \n Serevi has a wife , Karalaini , whom he married in 1993 . They have three children : daughters Unaisi Serevi ( born 1994 ) and Asinate Serevi ( Naruma ) ( born 1995 ) , and son Waisale Serevi Junior ( born 2001 ) . His wife works for the Fijian Defence Force , and Serevi spent large parts of his career away from his family . He was apart from them when in Japan between 1992 and 1997 , although his family joined him in France between 1999 and 2004 . He is a committed Christian , and along with his family attends Church regularly . On his boots , strapping , and jersey for every match Serevi has the words \" Philippians 4 : 13 \" written . It is a reference to the biblical quote \" I can do all things through Christ who strengthens me \" . \n Serevi learned Japanese while in Japan , and also taught English whilst there . Despite living in France for several years he did not learn French , and required an interpreter for interviews . Serevi 's interests include listening to music , and watching movies . Apart from rugby , he also likes to play touch rugby and volleyball . Other interests include meeting people , and travelling the world . \n On 18 May 2007 , Serevi was appointed a Special Inspector with the Fiji Police Force by the acting Commissioner of Police Romanu Tikotikoca . The appointment is in youth and community policing . Serevi will not be a regular officer , but will be paid for the hours he works . \n = = Achievements = = \n Serevi has been inducted into the Fiji Association of Sports and National Olympic Committee 's Hall of Fame in 2005 , and was named the Fiji Times 2005 Personality of the Year . In 2013 , he was inducted into the IRB Hall of Fame – the first Fijian to receive the honour . His presentation took place at the Hong Kong Sevens tournament that year . At the time of Serevi 's induction , Chairman Bernard Lapasset said : \n He was an exceptional player who has excelled in both Sevens and Fifteens and achieved all that there is to achieve in Rugby Sevens ... while also winning the hearts of fans around the world with his exciting and entertaining style of play . \n = = = XVs = = = \n Rugby World Cup tournaments : 1991 , 1999 , 2003 \n Barbarians matches , versus : Scotland ( 2002 ) , Leicester ( 2002 and 2003 ) , London Irish ( 2003 ) \n World XV matches , versus : Leicester ( 1996 and 1997 ) \n = = = Rugby sevens = = = \n = = = = Rugby World Cup Sevens = = = = \n Serevi has played in all four Rugby World Cup Sevens ( 1993 , 1997 , 2001 , and 2005 ) . He won the tournament with Fiji in 1997 and 2005 , and is the overall top points scorer with 297 points . He is also the second @-@ top try scorer with 21 tries . \n = = = = Commonwealth and World Games = = = = \n Serevi has competed in three Commonwealth Games ; Kuala Lumpur in 1998 , Manchester in 2002 , and Melbourne in 2006 . With Fiji he won silver in 1998 and 2002 , and bronze in 2006 . Serevi led Fiji to gold in both the 2001 World Games in Japan , and the 2005 World Games in Germany . \n = = = = IRB Sevens World Series = = = = \n The following is a list of IRB Sevens tournaments Serevi has participated in as a player . He is the series ' fourth highest points scorer overall with 1310 points ( 79 tries , 457 goals ) . The list excludes Hong Kong legs , these are listed separately below . Those years in bold indicate Fiji won the tournament . \n Adelaide : 2007 \n Argentina : 2002 \n Bordeaux : 2004 , 2005 \n Brisbane : 2000 , 2002 \n Chile : 2002 \n China : 2002 \n Dubai : 2005 , 2006 \n Edinburgh : 2007 \n Fiji : 1999 , 2000 \n Japan : 2000 \n George : 1999 , 2005 , 2006 \n London : 2001 , 2004 , 2005 , 2006 , 2007 \n Paris : 2006 \n Wales : 2001 \n Singapore : 2006 \n Wellington : 2000 , 2002 , 2006 , 2007 \n USA : 2006 , 2007 \n = = = = Hong Kong Sevens = = = = \n Results for all Hong Kong Sevens tournaments since Serevi 's first in 1989 . Table includes Rugby World Cup Sevens tournaments and IRB Sevens World Series legs . \n = Japanese battleship Tosa = \n Tosa ( 土佐 ) was a planned battleship of the Imperial Japanese Navy . Designed by Yuzuru Hiraga , she was envisioned as the lead ship of the Tosa class of two 39 @,@ 900 @-@ long @-@ ton ( 40 @,@ 540 t ) ships . The battleships would have been armed with ten 410 mm ( 16 @.@ 1 in ) guns and bring Japan closer to its goal of an \" Eight @-@ four \" fleet ( eight battleships and four battlecruisers ) . However , after the Washington Naval Conference and the signing of the Washington Naval Treaty , all work on the ship was halted . With the vessel required to be destroyed in accordance with the terms of the treaty , the incomplete Tosa was then subjected to various tests to gauge the effect of Japanese weaponry before being scuttled on 9 February 1925 . \n = = Design and construction = = \n For additional details and design information , see Tosa @-@ class battleship \n Designed by Yuzuru Hiraga , Tosa was intended to be part of a Japanese \" Eight @-@ four fleet \" , comprising eight battleships and four battlecruisers , the successor to the proposed \" Eight @-@ eight fleet \" . Tosa and her sister ship Kaga were intended to be the second set of high @-@ speed battleships ( after the Nagato class ) under the plan , and were approved for construction in the Diet 's 14 July 1917 warship @-@ building authorization . Engineering blueprints for the two ships were completed by Japanese naval engineers in 1919 . Based on Japanese studies of the British experience at the Battle of Jutland , the ships were to include new features over previous designs , including higher steaming speed despite increased tonnage , flush decks , and inclined armor . \n Tosa was laid down on 16 February 1920 by Mitsubishi in Nagasaki . She utilized the same slipway where , two decades later , the Yamato @-@ class battleship Musashi would be built . Tosa was originally scheduled to be launched in October 1921 , but multiple strikes delayed it until November . Ultimately , the battleship was not launched until 18 December 1921 , two months behind schedule . Fitting @-@ out commenced soon after with a projected completion date of July 1922 . However , work on Tosa was halted on 5 February 1922 , one day before Japan signed the Washington Naval Treaty . Under the terms of the treaty , construction of Tosa and Kaga was formally canceled on 5 May 1922 . \n = = Career = = \n In August 1922 , Tosa was moved to Kure , still incomplete . Fifty thousand people turned out to watch as the battleship was towed out of the harbor by five tugboats . The barbettes for the 406 mm ( 16 inch ) guns were in place , but no turrets or weapons had been mounted , so the holes in the main deck were covered with a mesh @-@ like material . Her hull was finished , and a superstructure deck , bridge deck and conning tower had been fitted , along with a light signal mast directly aft of the second barbette . The conning tower had to be outfitted as a bridge , as there was no other suitable location ; compared with those of similar ships , it was much smaller , as it only contained two levels and bridge wings . An exhaust pipe resembling an extremely small funnel was fitted so that heat could be supplied within the ship . \n Tosa remained in Kure until mid @-@ 1924 . Stricken on 1 April 1924 , the ship — with her hull virtually finished — was designated for use in testing the effectiveness of shells and torpedoes against its armor arrangements . As a result , in June 1924 the navy 's gunnery school took possession of the hull and prepared it for testing . \n = = = Test target = = = \n During 6 – 13 June , Tosa was subjected to five explosions . The first involved a 100 kg ( 220 lb ) Mk . I mine placed on the starboard side of the ship , 3 @.@ 7 m ( 12 ft ) below the waterline at frame 57 . The resultant explosion ruptured about 22 m2 ( 240 sq ft ) of hull , while dishing in another 750 sq ft ( 70 m2 ) of plating . Flooding took 23 compartments within the ship , 17 quickly and five slowly ; a total of 995 long tons ( 1 @,@ 011 t ) of water entered the ship , increasing the ship 's list to starboard by about 1 ° 54 ' . \n The second and fifth test charges ( 8 and 13 June ) were both placed near the fore main battery magazines . Involving larger charges than the first — about 200 kg ( 440 lb ) ( a 6th year type torpedo ) and 150 kg ( 330 lb ) ( a 9th year type mine ) — they were both placed at frame 87 : the second to port and 4 @.@ 04 m ( 13 @.@ 3 ft ) below the waterline , the fifth to starboard and 6 @.@ 34 m ( 20 @.@ 8 ft ) below . Both broached the side protection system — allowing 1 @,@ 008 and 726 long tons ( 1 @,@ 024 and 738 t ) of water , respectively , to enter the ship — showing that the usual three @-@ compartment , all @-@ void system used in most Japanese battleships was an insufficient defense against modern torpedoes . The list incurred during test two was a 6 ° 16 ' change , resulting in a port list of 4 ° 36 ' ; for test five these numbers were 4 ° 38 ' and a starboard list of 0 ° 48 ' . \n Similar to two and five , tests three and four were conducted at the same frame ( 192 ) but on opposite sides . Frame 192 was in the middle of the ship , where the ship 's protection system was designed to be the strongest . Test three ( 8 June ) was a 300 kg ( 660 lb ) 8th year type torpedo on the starboard side at a depth of 4 @.@ 05 m ( 13 @.@ 3 ft ) under the ship 's waterline ; four ( 12 June ) was a 350 kg ( 770 lb ) torpedo to port , 4 @.@ 9 m ( 16 ft ) below the waterline . The tests ruptured 15 and 26 m2 ( 160 and 280 sq ft ) , dished in 160 and 110 m2 ( 1 @,@ 700 and 1 @,@ 200 sq ft ) of plating , and allowed 1 @,@ 203 and 1 @,@ 160 long tons ( 1 @,@ 222 and 1 @,@ 180 t ) of water to enter the ship . Test three allowed the most water in out of all of the tests and , as a result , the list was altered from a previous port @-@ side 2 ° 51 ' to a starboard @-@ side 5 ° 22 ' — a change of 8 ° 13 ' . Test four went from a starboard 1 ° 0 ' to a port 5 ° 20 ' . \n Further tests included the explosion of several Type 8 torpedoes filled with 300 – 346 kg ( 660 – 760 lbs ) of picric acid within Tosa 's designed magazine for them , which was located forward of the first turret and had been considered a weak point in previous battleship designs . This caused \" extreme structural damage above the waterline \" to Tosa , and confirmed that any problem in that part of the ship could seriously harm it . Possible solutions included the installation of additional armor over the room or the use of walls on one side of the magazine that would be blown out and away from the ship in the event of any serious explosion inside . This would have the effect of focusing the explosion outside , minimizing structural damage to the ship itself . Another test involved the explosion of 370 kg ( 820 lb ) of TNT 5 m ( 16 ft ) away from the side of the ship . \n Another test conducted somewhere around this time involved a 406 mm ( 16 @.@ 0 in ) gun firing a shell at Tosa . It fell about 25 metres ( 82 ft ) short of the ship , but continued through the water and struck the ship near frame 228 , 3 @.@ 3 metres ( 11 ft ) below the designed waterline . The result was disturbing , as the shell was able to pass through the 76 mm ( 3 @.@ 0 in ) armor and explode in the port engine room . As a result , 3 @,@ 000 long tons ( 3 @,@ 048 t ) of water was let in , and Tosa 's list was increased from 4 ° 53 ' to 10 ° 06 ' . \n Results of the tests on Tosa were subsequently used in the refitting and reconstruction of existing warships . Lessons learned were also incorporated into the designs of the two Yamato @-@ class super @-@ battleships ten years later . In the latter , this meant that the side belt armor was continued below the waterline and beneath the torpedo bulge so that the class would have a defense against underwater shells . \n = = Sinking = = \n For the next few months , Tosa was given to the Hiroshima gunnery school for use as a target . On 14 January 1925 , the Navy Ministry of Japan ordered Tosa to be scuttled within one month 's time . To ensure this , the Commander in Chief of the Kure Naval District directed that preparations for scuttling the ship be completed by 1 February . It was planned that Tosa would be scuttled on or before 10 February after being towed by the former battleship Settsu to a location south of the Mizunokojima Lighthouse and 16 @.@ 1 kilometers ( 10 mi ) west of Okinoshima Island ( located southwest of the present @-@ day Kōchi Prefecture ) . Later that month , the United States Office of Naval Intelligence reported that \" work on the dismantling of [ Tosa ] has been going on at the Kure Navy Yard and everything possible has been removed . The intention is to fill her hull with sand and gravel , tow her out to deep water near the entrance to Kure , open her sea cocks , and send her to the bottom . \" \n Tosa was brought from Kure on 3 February to Saiki Bay in the Bungo Channel . She was then towed from the bay on the 6th with the intention of bringing the battleship to the designated sinking spot , but were thwarted by a strong storm and returned . A second attempt was made at 10 : 00 on the 8th . Explosive \" mines \" were embarked : two 360 mm ( 14 @.@ 2 in ) shells were placed inside Tosa 's double bottom , and two containers with 30 kg ( 66 lb ) of Shimose powder in each were put into the engine room on the port side . They would be detonated using electrical fuses , though time fuses were also fitted for use if the sea was calm . The explosives were triggered on the 8th , but they failed , so a contingent was sent aboard Tosa on the 9th ; they opened six Kingston valves in the engine room at about 01 : 25 . Soon after , Tosa slowly began to sink by the stern and to starboard . By 03 : 50 , the rate increased , and the ship slipped beneath the waves by 07 : 00 . Tosa was the tenth and final Japanese capital ship sunk or scrapped to comply with the naval treaty 's stipulations . \n = Roquebert 's expedition to the Caribbean = \n Roquebert 's expedition to the Caribbean , was an unsuccessful operation by a French naval squadron to transport supplies to Guadeloupe in December 1809 at the height of the Napoleonic Wars . Over the previous year , British Royal Navy squadrons had isolated and defeated the French Caribbean colonies one by one , until by the autumn Guadeloupe was the only colony remaining in French hands . Cut off from the rest of the world by British blockade squadrons that intercepted all ships coming to or from the island , Guadeloupe was in a desperate situation , facing economic collapse , food shortages and social upheaval , as well as the impending threat of British invasion . In an effort to reinforce and resupply the colony , the French government sent four frigates to the West Indies in November 1809 under Commodore François Roquebert . Two of the ships were only lightly armed , their cannon removed to make room for supplies and troops . Two others were at full strength , ordered to protect the storeships on their journey from the British forces operating off both the French and Guadeloupe coasts . \n The squadron almost reached the Caribbean without encountering any of patrolling British warships sent to watch for French reinforcements , but was spotted and intercepted by the frigate HMS Junon on 13 December . Junon 's captain did not realise the size of the French squadron until it was too late and , despite fierce resistance , his ship was captured and he was mortally wounded . Continuing with the mission , Roquebert successfully delivered the disarmed frigates Loire and Seine to within sight of Guadeloupe and then left them , his frigates making their way back to France without ensuring the safe arrival of their convoy . On 15 December , the small British brig HMS Observateur , which had witnessed the defeat of Junon , brought news of the French arrival to the blockade squadron anchored off Basse @-@ Terre . Summoning ships from the surrounding region , the British commander , Captain Volant Vashon Ballard amassed a significant squadron and forced the French supply ships to anchor in a protected bay at Anse la Barque , on the southeastern coast of Guadeloupe . \n Ineffectual efforts were made to capture the French ships , but it was not until the arrival of the 74 @-@ gun HMS Sceptre under Captain Samuel James Ballard that an attack was made in earnest . As small ships engaged the batteries on shore , two frigates entered the bay and attacked the disarmed frigates , causing both to surrender in an hour @-@ long engagement . Both French ships were badly damaged and a fire started during the engagement was able to rapidly spread through them , destroying both ships in succession . Many of the French crew escaped ashore from the wrecks , while others were picked up by British ships . The blockade of Guadeloupe was successfully maintained , and the island was captured in a coordinated invasion a month later . Roquebert 's remaining ships were intercepted on 16 January by a patrolling British frigate , but successfully escaped pursuit and eventually returned undamaged to France . \n = = Background = = \n During the Napoleonic Wars , the Royal Navy rapidly and decisively seized control of the war at sea , driving French ships into protected harbours and laying heavy blockades on ports held by the French Empire and her allies to strangle communications and overseas trade . This had a devastating effect on the French West Indian colonies , particularly the islands of Martinique and Guadeloupe . With trade impossible , their economies stagnated while social upheaval and limited food supplies reduced their ability to resist invasion by the large British forces maintained in the region . In the summer of 1808 , desperate messages were sent to France from the islands , prompting a succession of French efforts to supply food , reinforcements and trading opportunities during the latter part of 1808 and the first months of 1809 . These efforts were entirely unsuccessful : the few ships that did safely reach the Caribbean Sea and successfully landed supplies were all intercepted and captured on the return journey , costing the French four frigates and numerous smaller ships by the end of February 1809 . \n The British blockade squadrons had intercepted a number of the messages sent from the islands during 1808 , and a large expeditionary force was built up on Barbados with orders to invade and capture the French colonies as swiftly as possible . Their first target was Martinique , which was invaded and captured during February 1809 . Outlying islands were captured over the next few months and a major French reinforcement squadron was trapped and then defeated near the Îles des Saintes in April : the French lost a ship of the line , and two more frigates were captured in June and July as they tried to return to France . With such heavy losses , the French took time preparing their next effort while the British were distracted by the Reconquista in Santo Domingo , a Spanish campaign to drives the French out of the island of Hispaniola that was eventually concluded in July 1809 with British naval assistance . By the autumn of 1809 , the British commander , Vice @-@ Admiral Sir Alexander Cochrane , was again developing an expeditionary force , this time aimed at Guadeloupe . He had strengthened the blockade squadron off the island 's principal port Basse @-@ Terre , and placed heavier forces at Martinique in case they were required . Individual ships were dispersed in the approaches to the French island , ready to intercept any approaching reinforcement . Other ships operated against ships already anchored off Guadeloupe : one squadron seized the corvette Nisus from Deshaies on 12 December . \n In the months since Troude 's failure , the French had only sent small supply ships to Guadeloupe , while carefully preparing a major expedition at Nantes . Two old frigates , Loire and Seine , were largely disarmed , a process known as en flûte : half their guns were removed and their crew reduced in order to take on board large quantities of food supplies and over 200 military reinforcements each . Command of the armed storeships was given to lieutenants Joseph @-@ Normand Kergré and Bernard Vincent . To protect these ships two fully armed frigates were detailed to escort the convoy to Guadeloupe : Renommée , under Commodore François Roquebert , and Clorinde , under Captain Jacques Saint @-@ Cricq . The force departed on 15 November 1809 and made rapid progress across the Atlantic , avoiding all contact with British warships . Of the small ships despatched around the same time , none reached Guadeloupe ; all were captured in the Western Atlantic or Caribbean by warships sent by Cochrane to patrol for approaching French reinforcements . \n = = Destruction of HMS Junon = = \n Among the ships despatched by Cochrane was the 40 @-@ gun frigate HMS Junon under Captain John Shortland . Junon had been captured from the French less than a year earlier at the Action of 10 February 1809 , following an unsuccessful attempt to return to France from Guadeloupe . Hastily repaired , she had been commissioned into the Royal Navy and added to Cochrane 's fleet , from where Cochrane had ordered her to patrol to the east of Antigua for ships attempting to evade the British blockade . On 13 December , Shortland , in company with the 16 @-@ gun brig HMS Observateur under Captain Frederick Wetherall , stopped an American merchant ship and boarded her in search of contraband . As he was engaged in the search , four sails appeared to the north . Shortland immediately gave chase , and by 16 : 00 realised his quarry was a squadron of four frigates . Firing warning shots in an effort to force the frigates to identify themselves , the strange ships raised Spanish colours . Initially unconvinced , Shortland raised the recognition signal for Spanish vessels and received the correct reply from the lead frigate . Closing with the ships during the afternoon , Junon was only a short distance from the lead ship at 17 : 30 when French colours replaced the Spanish and Roquebert ordered his ships to open fire . \n Roquebert had learned the correct signals for Spanish shipping from captured Spanish merchant ships and , having lured Junon within range , opened a destructive fire from Renommée that caused severe damage to Junon 's rigging . Unable to manoeuvere away from the French due to the damage suffered in the opening broadside , Shortland returned fire as best he could while closing with Renommée to inflict maximum damage . As Junon closed with the flagship , Clorinde attacked her from the other side and the flûtes took up stations fore and aft , repeatedly raking the British ship . Observateur had been some distance behind Junon when the action began , and was thus not directly engaged by any of the French ships . Wetherall initially fired at Clorinde from extreme range , but soon recognised that he could do nothing to aid Junon in the face of overwhelming French numbers and so sailed westward to find and warn other British ships of the approaching French squadron . As Observateur escaped , Junon was pounded from all sides , Roquebert 's ship coming so close to the British frigate that their rigging tangled and they collided , inflicting further damage . The French squadron was so close to Junon that the soldiers carried aboard for the garrison on Guadeloupe were able to fire their muskets at the British top deck , killing many of the sailors manning the guns . \n Within ten minutes of the first shot , Junon 's top deck was almost completely cleared and Shortland had been taken below , his leg broken by grapeshot and his body pierced by several large wooden splinters . Lieutenant Samuel Bartlett Deecker assumed command , and successfully beat off a boarding attack from Clorinde . Pulling Junon clear off the two full @-@ strength French frigates , Deecker tried to escape but found his ship unresponsive . Within minutes , Roquebert and Saint @-@ Cricq had regained their positions on either side of the British frigate and boarded simultaneously , forcing Deecker to surrender at 18 : 15 . The British had suffered heavy losses , with 20 killed and 40 wounded , including Shortland . The prisoners were dispersed among the French squadron and rather than spare the men required to repair and crew the battered Junon , Roquebert had the frigate set on fire and abandoned . French losses were also severe , Renommée losing 15 killed and three wounded and Clorinde six killed and 15 wounded . Neither Seine , Loire nor HMS Observateur suffered any loss at all . \n = = Operations off Guadeloupe = = \n Although Junon had been destroyed , Observateur had escaped from the French squadron and immediately sought out the blockade force off Guadeloupe , the only place that the French squadron could be destined for . Arriving at Basse @-@ Terre at 13 : 00 on 15 December , Captain Wetherall telegraphed the senior officer on the station , Captain Volant Vashon Ballard in the frigate HMS Blonde , of the impending arrival of Roquebert 's squadron . Ballard swiftly gathered his squadron , the frigate HMS Thetis under Captain George Miller and the sloops HMS Hazard and HMS Cygnet , and positioned them in the channel between Guadeloupe and the Îles des Saintes , through which Roquebert 's ships would have to pass . Urgent messages were sent to all nearby ships and bases , and the following day the sloops HMS Ringdove and HMS Scorpion joined the squadron , Ballard placing Hazard and Ringdove to watch Basse @-@ Terre while the rest of squadron patrolled to the south of the island . \n On the same day that Observateur arrived off Basse @-@ Terre , the frigate HMS Castor under Captain William Roberts had recaptured the merchant brig Ariel near La Désirade , taken by Roquebert 's squadron two weeks earlier . Roberts also discovered two other ships in the distance to the north and had closed to investigate , discovering the French convoy . Darkness fell soon afterwards and Castor separated from the French ships , as Roberts sailed westwards as fast as possible to notify Ballard of his sighting , arriving at 04 : 00 on 17 December . In the aftermath of the destruction of Junon and the encounter with Castor , Roquebert decided to separate from the convoy and return to France , turning north with Clorinde and leaving the supply ships to make the journey to Guadeloupe independently . As a result , Loire and Seine were sailing unprotected straight towards Ballard 's squadron . \n At daylight on 17 December , Blonde sighted the French armed storeships approaching Basse @-@ Terre from the northwest and Ballard advanced on them , blocking them from reaching Basse @-@ Terre . Retreating northwest along the southern coastline of Guadeloupe , the disarmed frigates entered a sheltered cove named Anse la Barque at 10 : 00 , sheltering under two gun batteries on either side of the bay . Lieutenants Kergré and Vincent then anchored their ships parallel with the shore , so that they had the maximum number of cannon aimed at the entrance to the cove . As Ballard 's ships cruised along the coast in light winds , seeking a way into the well @-@ protected anchorage , other batteries opened fire , one striking Ringdove off Pointe Lizard . Captain William Dowers of Ringdove then landed a shore party from his ship and stormed the battery , capturing it in 15 minutes . He demolished the position and withdrew to his ship , rejoining Ballard off Anse la Barque . Ballard then tested the feasibility of an attack on the French ships , ordering the 12 @-@ gun schooner HMS Elizabeth to assess the depth of the entrance to the bay while he in Blonde attacked the batteries directly at 16 : 00 . Discovering that the entrance was navigable . Blonde and Elizabeth withdrew out of range . Operations were then suspended for the evening to allow addition reinforcements to come up . Ballard 's squadron was joined during the night by the frigate HMS Freija under Captain John Hayes . \n = = Destruction of Loire and Seine = = \n At 08 : 30 on the morning of 18 December , a small boat sailed from Anse la Barque with a message offering the British a temporary truce . Simultaneously a British ship of the line , HMS Sceptre , arrived from Fort Royal on Martinique under the command of Captain Samuel James Ballard , who immediately assumed command of the diverse squadron assembled at the entrance to the bay . Ballard dismissed the French negotiators and ordered an immediate attack on the anchored frigates . His plan was simple : the frigates Blonde and Thetis would enter the harbour and engage the armed storeships directly , while Sceptre and Freija would engage the gun batteries to prevent them targeting the small brigs bringing up the rear . The brigs would be towing boats full of sailors and Royal Marines , who would storm the French ships and gun positions as they were engaged with the larger warships . \n The plan was initially frustrated by light winds , but by 14 : 25 Blonde and Thetis were within range of the gun batteries and fifteen minutes later they were able to open fire on the disarmed frigates , although still at quite a distance . Becalmed in the bay , Blonde was forced to engage one of the forts instead , fire from the shore causing some damage but not enough to endanger the ship . Thetis was luckier , and Captain Miller was able to close with one of the French ships , although their identities during the engagement are uncertain in historical accounts and it is not clear which one was first into the action . By 15 : 35 , Thetis had dismasted her opponent , who surrendered . Moving against the second ship , Thetis was then also becalmed and was forced to engage the forts instead . As Sceptre led the remainder of the squadron into the bay , fire was seen spreading through the surrendered ship and , in the face of overwhelming opposition , the second frigate also surrendered at 16 : 20 . \n By 17 : 10 , Thetis and Blonde began to withdraw from the bay as the fire took hold of the first frigate . The rest of the British squadron , despite heavy cannon fire from a fort on shore , successfully landed their troops and stormed and captured the defences . There were heavy casualties in the storming parties , including Hugh Cameron , captain of Hazard , who was killed by grapeshot . At 17 : 20 , the fire reached the magazines of the burning ship , and the ensuing explosion hurled burning wreckage across the bay . The British ships were largely untouched , but the second French frigate was struck by a large piece of flaming timber , which ignited her mainmast and destroyed her as well . The operations successfully completed , the British ships embarked their landing parties , who had demolished the fortifications around the bay , and returned to open water . In total they had lost eight killed and 16 wounded on Blonde , six wounded on Thetis and an uncertain number lost in the amphibious operation , although casualty figures are not known . French losses in the engagement are also uncertain , although most of the crews of Loire and Seine were able to quite easily reach the shore . Among those that did make land were a section of prisoners from Junon , including the grievously wounded Captain Shortland . Transported across the island on a wagon in the full glare of the sun , Shortland 's condition rapidly worsened and he died on 21 January 1810 without regaining consciousness . He was buried at Basse @-@ Terre with full military honours . Four decades later the battle was among the actions recognised by the clasp \" ANSE LA BARQUE 18 DECR . 1809 \" attached to the Naval General Service Medal , awarded upon application to all British participants still living in 1847 . \n = = Aftermath = = \n Roquebert 's remaining frigates turned north after parting from the storeships , sighting the British squadron in the distance and grounding on a sandbar off Antigua in their haste to escape . Throwing overboard their guns and stores , the ships were lightened enough to regain open water . They then returned to European waters , avoiding all contact with British shipping until 16 January 1810 at position 40 ° 50 ′ N 12 ° 09 ′ W , approximately 200 nautical miles ( 370 km ) west of the Portuguese coast , when they encountered the frigate HMS Virginie under Captain Edward Brace . Brace shadowed the French frigates for two days , but was unable to close with them and Roquebert made no attempt to use his superior strength against the British frigate . Eventually , Roquebert outran Virginie and on 23 January reached Brest safely . Within a year , Roquebert and Saint @-@ Cricq would be despatched on another mission to resupply a French colony , sailing with the frigate Néréide to Île de France in December 1810 . Unknown to the French authorities , a British expeditionary force had already captured the island , and Roquebert 's squadron was ambushed in May 1811 and brought to battle off Tamatave in Madagascar . Néréide and Rénomee were both captured and Roquebert killed in action . Clorinde only escaped by deserting the other ships in the middle of the engagement , fleeing north and eventually reaching France . \n In the West Indies , the failure of the main resupply effort resulted in a further drop in morale among the defenders of Guadeloupe . Other smaller ships sent with supplies were captured during the operations against Roquebert 's squadron , including the brig Béarnais captured on 14 December and Papillion on 19 December . In January 1810 , the blockade tightened : Scorpion captured the brig Oreste from inside the harbour at Basse @-@ Terre and Freija seized several coastal vessels in Baie @-@ Mahault . By 27 January , Cochrane 's preparations for the invasion of Guadeloupe were complete and 7 @,@ 000 men were landed under Lieutenant @-@ General George Beckwith . The French garrison largely deserted , and by 6 February all resistance was defeated and the governor , General Manuel Ernouf , surrendered . Over the rest of the month , the few remaining colonies belonging to France and the Netherlands were seized without opposition and the entire Caribbean was either under British or Spanish control , with the exception of the independent state of Haiti . \n = Tales of Rebirth = \n Tales of Rebirth ( Japanese : テイルズ オブ リバース , Hepburn : Teiruzu Obu Ribāsu ) is a Japanese role @-@ playing video game published for the PlayStation 2 . It is the sixth main entry of Namco 's Tales series of video games . The game was developed by Namco Tales Studio and published by Namco Games . The game was released for the PlayStation 2 on December 16 , 2004 , and then later re @-@ released on the PlayStation Portable on March 19 , 2008 . Rebirth , set in a world populated by humans ( Huma ) and beast people ( Gajuma ) , follows the adventures of Veigue Lungberg , a human whose friend Claire Bennett is kidnapped by agents of Agarte , heir to the throne of the kingdom of Karegia . Setting out to rescue Claire , Veigue and those who join him becomes entangled in escalating racial conflicts consuming the land . \n As with previous Tales games , it features an action @-@ based battle system , called the Three @-@ Line Linear Motion Battle System . The game was developed by the 2D Tales development unit Team Destiny . The characters were designed by Mutsumi Inomata , who had previously worked on Tales of Destiny . The scenario , written by Hiramatsu Masaki , dealt extensively with issues of coexistence between races and ethnic conflicts . The game has received positive reviews and strong sales in Japan , with the PlayStation 2 version eventually selling over 600 @,@ 000 units and the PSP re @-@ release selling over 83 @,@ 000 . Western sites have been positive about the game , though neither version of the game have received English localizations . \n = = Gameplay = = \n Tales of Rebirth is an action role @-@ playing game with player characters rendered as two @-@ dimensional sprites on three @-@ dimensional backgrounds . Unlike previous Tales games , the camera follows the characters from a side @-@ long view , zooming in or out depending on their relative position , and instead of a navigable overworld , players fast @-@ travel to different locations using a standard map of the game world . Side conversations between characters called Skits ( called \" Screen Chat \" ( スクリーンチャット , Sukurīn Chatto ) in Japanese ) feature both story @-@ relevant information and added details not essential to the story . \n At certain locations in the game , characters can engage in cooking various recipes : cooking them between battles restores health points . If the recipe is cooked enough times , a character masters it . Upon mastery , a character is granted experience points each time the meal is prepared . Characters are also given \" rations \" , helpings of restorative food , at selected locations across the game world . While initial rations are fairly small , a special \" meal ticket \" is made available later in the game , which provides larger rations . There are multiple difficulty levels . Mini @-@ games are also available to play , with three types in the game . The first has the character Veigue on a raft navigating a river , with the goal being to avoid dangerous obstacles . The second is a tarot game with the character Hilda , where the player answers questions given by Hilda and has their fortune told . In the third , the player becomes a waiter at an inn , with the goal being to provide good service to the customers : poor service results in the player being dismissed , while good service earns a reward . \n Rebirth uses the Tales series ' trademark Linear Motion Battle System ( LMBS ) , a real @-@ time fighting system similar to a beat ' em up . Up to four characters can be present in battle . The variation used in Rebirth is the Three @-@ Line LMBS , using a similar multi @-@ plain mechanic to Tales of Symphonia : characters can be moved across three different levels on the battlefield to either attack enemies on those lines or dodge behind an enemy on one line to deal damage from behind . During battle , a character can activate the Rush Gauge , increasing a character 's attack power at the cost of lowered defensive abilities and stats , and perform Mystic Artes ( 秘奥義 , Hi Ougi ) with another member of the party to inflict high damage on single enemies . During battles , performing certain feats in battle , such as finishing in a certain time , rewards the player with a grade for their performance . \n Special abilities and actions are controlled by the Force Gauge , an energy meter which determines how long special skills can be active . Once drained , the skill cannot be activated until the meter refills , which it does during battles . Four skills can be equipped for each character . After battles , characters earn Enhancement Points ( EP ) , which can be used to strengthen equipped armor , weapons and accessories , instead of using Gald ( the in @-@ game currency ) as with previous Tales titles . EP can be transferred between weapons . An optional battle arena was added in the PSP version of the game with both single @-@ player and multiplayer matches : in both modes , players need to defeat an enemy team ( either AI @-@ controlled enemies or an opposing team ) within a time limit . \n = = Plot = = \n = = = Setting = = = \n Tales of Rebirth is set in a world where humans ( called Huma ) and beast people ( Gajuma ) coexist in relative peace . The world 's magical power is called Force , which manifests in various people as control over an element or aspect of the physical laws . In ancient times , after a war sparked when Huma attempted to enslave Gajuma , both races joined forces to found the kingdom of Karegia . An unspecified time before the events of the game , Geyorkias , the ruler of a spirit race called the Sacred Beasts , sought to destroy the Huma as their dark emotions were fueling a primordial destructive force known as Yuris : the other Sacred Beasts put a stop to Geyorkias ' plan by sealing him away , then acting to nullify Yuris ' threat . The story opens with the death of Karegia 's king , Ladras Lindblum , poisoned by the royal adviser Zilva Madigan : during his final moments , he releases his power into the world , causing many humans to become possessed by Force , including Veigue , Annie and Tytree . As the king has failed to name a successor , Karegia enters an interregnum at his death . \n = = = Characters = = = \n Veigue Lungberg ( ヴェイグ ・ リュングベル , Veigu Ryunguberu ) is the protagonist of Tales of Rebirth , who wields a sword in battle and uses the Force of Ice . An orphan whose parents died when he was young , Veigue has been raised by the family of Claire Bennett . Veigue is cold , unsociable , and withdrawn , but when he is with Claire he softens . Veigue is voiced by Nobuyuki Hiyama . \n Claire Bennett ( クレア ・ ベネット , Kurea Benetto ) is the heroine of the game and the only main character not to use Force . Her family took Veigue in when he was a child . She rarely left her village of Sulz before the initial events of the game . Her focus on the positive traits of others , good heart , and optimism have earned her respect and admiration in the local community . Claire is voiced by Mio Yasuda . \n Mao ( マオ , Mao ) is a boy who wields twin tonfas and wields the Force of Fire . Initially introduced as an amnesiac traveling with Eugene , who Mao views as a father figure , he is in reality a being called Orselg , created by the Sacred Beasts as their eyes into the mortal world . Mao is voiced by Akeno Watanabe . \n Eugene Gallardo ( ユージーン ・ ガラルド , Yūjīn Gararudo ) , a powerful spear @-@ wielding Gajuma warrior gifted with the Force of Steel , is an ex @-@ commander of the Karegia Kingdom . Originally part of the Royal Shield , bodyguards of the royal family , he was stripped of his rank and exiled after being framed for the murder of Doctor Barrs . Eugene is voiced by Unsho Ishizuka . \n Annie Barrs ( アニー ・ バース , Anī Bāsu ) , is a staff @-@ wielding spell caster who uses the Force of Rain . After her father died at Eugene 's hands while the former is possessed by Zilva , Annie developed an intense hatred of Gajuma , and through most of the game she has difficulty dealing with her feelings . Annie is voiced by Akiko Yajima . \n Tytree Crowe ( ティトレイ ・ クロウ , Titorei Kurou ) is a hotblooded young man who fights using a hand crossbow and martial arts , and is gifted with the Force of Wood . A worker in Petjanandka who cares deeply for his big sister , he has grand ideals regarding racial equality . Tytree is voiced by Kappei Yamaguchi . \n Hilda Rhambling ( ヒルダ ・ ランブリング , Hiruda Ranburingu ) is a beautiful but cold fortune teller , fighting with magic cards in battle and using the Force of Lightning . She is revealed to have mixed Huma @-@ Gajuma blood , causing her to suffer discrimination from both races . Hilda is voiced by Sayaka Ohara . \n Milhaust Selkirk ( ミルハウスト ・ セルカーク , Miruhausuto Serukāku ) is a military leader and general of the Karegian kingdom , and a good friend of Eugene . Despite standing on the antagonistic side , Milhaust is usually amiable and rarely attacks the group on a whim , and at times lends his hand to help the team . Milhaust is voiced by Shin @-@ ichiro Miki . \n Agarte Lindblum ( アガーテ ・ リンドブロム , Agāte Rindoburomu ) is the daughter of the late king Ladras Lindblum ; she is a Gajama and the heir to the throne of Karegia by blood . Her naivety and love for Milhaust are the inadvertent cause of many of the game 's events . Agarte is voiced by Emi Shinohara . \n Zilva Madigan ( ジルバ ・ マディガン , Jiruba Madigan ) is the royal adviser , often referred to as the \" princess \" because of her familial and political ties with the royal family , and the game 's main antagonist . Hiding her dark schemes , she acts as a maternal figure and adviser for Agarte . Zilva is voiced by Mari Mashiba . \n = = = Story = = = \n During the initial unleashing of the king 's power , Veigue 's Force of Ice goes out of control , causing his friend Claire to become imprisoned in an ice pillar . One year after this , Veigue is contacted by Eugene and Mao , who help free Claire from the ice pillar . Shortly after this , Claire is taken away by agents of Agarte , who is searching for the most beautiful Huma woman in the land . Veigue heads out with Eugene and Mao to rescue Claire , eventually joining forces with Annie , Tytree and Hilda . Upon reaching the royal capital of Balka , the group find Agarte using her Force of the Moon to resurrect Geyorkias in the belief that the spirit will save her kingdom from the chaos consuming it , having been prompted by Zilva . When summoned , Geyorkias declares his intent to destroy the Huma population , forcing the group to attack and destroy his physical form . With Geyorkias gone and Claire rescued , the group part ways , but are brought back together as outbreaks of racial violence from both Huma and Gajuma begin destabilizing Karegia , caused by the hatred the summoned Geyorkias released after his defeat . To quell the violence , the group decide to summon the other Sacred Beasts in the hope of purging Geyorkias ' hatred from the land . After rescuing Agarte from a Huma mob , it is revealed that Agarte switched bodies with Claire . In the aftermath , Agarte reveals that she originally captured Claire so she could switch bodies and realize her love for her bodyguard Milhaust , as relations between Huma and Gajama are taboo . Unfortunately , the trauma of events has caused Agarte to lose her Force abilities , leaving Claire and Agarte trapped in each other 's bodies . \n After reviving the Sacred Beasts , the hatred is purged , but the racial tensions remain . Veigue begins to have difficulty in dealing with Claire 's condition , and his cold attitude causes her to leave with Milhaust . Eventually , Veigue opens up to the rest of the group and overcomes his difficulties . As the continuing negative feelings of Karegia 's population are starting to damage the world , the group decide to revive Georgyas again and bring him round to their way of thinking . At Geyorkias ' resting place , Zilva appears and reveals herself as the mastermind behind the incidents , declaring that she will use Geyorkias to destroy the Humas and create a Gajuma @-@ ruled kingdom . After her defeat , the party revive Geyorkias : he in turn reveals that the force influencing Zilva and spreading hatred was in fact Yuris , and that Yuris has become a threat to the world . The group travel to confront Yuris , but are initially sapped of strength by its negative emotions . The growing positive emotions of the people of Karegia as the racial disputes fade give them the strength to destroy Yuris ' core . Agarte then recovers her Force , returns herself and Claire to their original bodies , and summons the Sacred Beasts to destroy Yuris . The effort costs Agarte her life , and she leaves Karegia in Milhaust 's charge and reveals her love for him before dying . The group then go their separate ways to resolve the remaining conflicts in the land . \n = = Development = = \n Tales of Rebirth was developed by Team Destiny , a section of Namco Tales Studio devoted to 2D Tales titles . It began production in 2003 . The development team , led by series producer Makoto Yoshizumi , was the same team behind Tales of Destiny 2 . Much of the technology from Destiny 2 was carried over to Rebirth . Mutsumi Inomata , a noted anime artist who had previously worked on Tales of Destiny , returned to design the main characters for Rebirth . She worked closely with Yoshizumi to create the designs , with each being representative of the characters ' backgrounds and experiences : for instance , Veigue 's clothing was made navy blue to emphasize his unsociable demeanor . Her Gajuma designs started with a basic human sketch , which was then embellished with animal features and faces . The majority of Rebirth 's story and script was written by Hiramatsu Masaki . The main theme was the issue of coexistence between different races , with the representation of the theme being the conflict between Huma and Gajuma . The Gajuma were created to heighten the sense of contrast for players . The game 's title \" Rebirth \" , was meant to represent the rebirth and reconstruction of harmonious relations between different peoples . Ethnic conflict , another prominent theme , was inspired by the predominant ethnic conflicts in Yugoslavia at the time the game was being made . Prior to the main script writing stage , Yoshizumi conceived the basic set @-@ up and story for the game . The final script ended up being substantially larger than that of Symphonia , covering four full script books . As with other Tales titles , Rebirth was given a characteristic genre name : the title was Kimi ga umarekawaru RPG ( 君が生まれ変わるRPG ? , lit . RPG Where You Will Be Reborn ) . The game 's anime cutscenes were created by Production I.G. \n Rebirth was officially announced in April 2004 , a week after the game 's title and existence had been leaked to the public early after a story from Jump magazine was made available a week early due to being mistakenly being shipped early . In July , Namco announced that people who pre @-@ ordered Tales of Symphonia for the PlayStation 2 would receive a bonus disc featuring footage from an early build of Tales of Rebirth , upon purchasing Symphonia in September . The same footage , along with a playable build of the game was present at the Tokyo Game Show in the same month . The game was released on the PlayStation 2 on December 16 , 2004 . In July 2004 , IGN reported that Tales of Rebirth was a likely candidate for an English localization in North America due to the high reception and sales of Tales of Symphonia in North America for the Nintendo GameCube . 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& I on CD " . He judges it to be Brynner 's best performance , calling Towers " great " and Martin Vidnovic , June Angela and the rest of the supporting cast " fabulous " , though lamenting the omission of the ballet . Hischak , in contrast , says that some might prefer Brynner in his earlier recordings , when he was ... | Very Long | wikitext-103-excerpt |
of the banned Umma Party , Abdulrahman Muhammad Babu . The ASP branch secretary for Pemba , Ugandan @-@ born ex @-@ policeman John Okello , had sent Karume to the mainland to ensure his safety . Okello had arrived in Zanzibar from Kenya in 1959 , claiming to have been a field marshal for the Kenyan rebels during the M... | Very Long | wikitext-103-excerpt |
Douglas 's works were exhibited at the Royal Academy and appeared in Academy Architecture . Douglas 's obituary in The British Architect referred to him as having " achieved a reputation which has long placed him in the front rank of living architects " . In the series The Buildings of England , Nikolaus Pevsner descr... | Very Long | wikitext-103-excerpt |
' X ' , and ' Y ' from front to rear . The guns had a maximum elevation of 40 ° which was achieved by using a lowered section of the deck around the mount , the " well " , that allowed the breech of the gun to be lowered below deck height . They fired a 50 @-@ pound ( 22 @.@ 7 kg ) shell at a muzzle velocity of 2 @,@ ... | Very Long | wikitext-103-excerpt |
platform , it was less ephemeral a make @-@ over than seen in other castle restorations of the period .
= = = 17th century = = =
The castle was luxuriously appointed by the 17th century , with an expensive , but grand , household based around the Council of the Marches . The future Charles I was declared Prince of... | Very Long | wikitext-103-excerpt |
for the telescope 's construction came jointly from the Nuffield Foundation and the government ; this amounted to £ 335 @,@ 000 . The government increased its share of the funding several times as the cost of the telescope rose ; other money came from private donations . The final part of the debt from the constructio... | Very Long | wikitext-103-excerpt |
oga highway was redesignated as NY 74 c . 1973 after NY 73 was cut back to its current eastern terminus in Elizabethtown .
= = Route description = =
= = = NY 74 = = =
NY 74 originates at exit 28 of the Adirondack Northway ( I @-@ 87 ) in the town of Schroon . The starting interchange is located near local landmar... | Very Long | wikitext-103-excerpt |
shown in her career that M.I.A. had " always been adept at using a larger force against itself . " M.I.A. has been hailed as demonstrating dislocation to be a " productive site of departure " and praised for her ability to transform such a " disadvantage " into a creative form of expression .
= = Social causes = =
... | Very Long | wikitext-103-excerpt |
– 9 . Croyle started three games , completing 44 of 66 passes for 534 yards with six touchdowns . But during the third game of the season against Western Carolina University , Croyle tore his anterior cruciate ligament in his other knee . Croyle was forced to sit out the rest of the season , and the team finished with... | Very Long | wikitext-103-excerpt |
Selenium salts are toxic in large amounts , but trace amounts are necessary for cellular function in many organisms , including all animals . Selenium is an ingredient in many multivitamins and other dietary supplements , including infant formula . It is a component of the antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase an... | Very Long | wikitext-103-excerpt |
bakke has been compared to Patrick 's character , which he concurs with . Kenny said that " Bill [ Fagerbakke ] is a big guy . The world is almost too small for him . He 's a force of nature , like Patrick . " Writer Jay Lender said , describing Fagerbakke in the recording studio , " Bill Fagerbakke is the most thought... | Very Long | wikitext-103-excerpt |
May 2008 as part of their Dollar Menu promotion .
The United Kingdom release of the game took place in London , where a number of bands including The Automatic , The Whip , and The Courteeners performed short sets .
= = = Editions = = =
The " Special Edition " bundle includes the game software , as well as guita... | Very Long | wikitext-103-excerpt |
The frigate sailed north and took shelter in a cove near the port of La Spezia . Six days after the capture of Modeste , Captain reached La Spezia , acting on reports that Impérieuse was in the bay . Reeve discovered the French ship sheltering under the guns of the Santa Maria shore battery , and the following morning... | Very Long | wikitext-103-excerpt |
. Admiral Hipper was powered by three sets of geared steam turbines , which were supplied with steam by twelve ultra @-@ high pressure oil @-@ fired boilers . The ship 's top speed was 32 knots ( 59 km / h ; 37 mph ) , at 132 @,@ 000 shaft horsepower ( 98 @,@ 000 kW ) . As designed , her standard complement consisted ... | Very Long | wikitext-103-excerpt |
DOT started a project to repave the expressway both eastbound and westbound from just east of the Turnpike overpasses near Exit 7 in Robbinsville Township to Exit 11 in Upper Freehold Township . This was completed in late autumn of 2010 .
From December 2004 until November 2014 , the New Jersey Turnpike ( Interstate 9... | Very Long | wikitext-103-excerpt |
of this era was the championship reign of Jem Ward , a fighter who on one occasion admitted taking £ 100 , equivalent to several thousand pounds today , to lose a contest . By 1830 the sport had become widely known for its corruption , and blatant cheating was commonplace . It was against this background that Simon By... | Very Long | wikitext-103-excerpt |
Heath Ledger 's almost complete sweep of over twenty awards for acting , including the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor , Screen Actors Guild Award for Best Supporting Actor , the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor – Motion Picture , and the BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role . The Dark K... | Very Long | wikitext-103-excerpt |
Nebraska territories to slavery , an implicit repeal of the Missouri Compromise of 1820 . Intended to quiet national agitation over slavery by shifting the decision to local settlers , Douglas 's proposal instead inflamed anti @-@ slavery sentiment in the North by allowing the possibility of slavery 's expansion to te... | Very Long | wikitext-103-excerpt |
.
= = Public artwork = =
In the summer of 1987 , a full @-@ size replica locomotive made from straw by local sculptor George Wyllie was hauled from the old Hyde Park Works in Springburn and suspended from the crane , then hauled back to Springburn and burned to reveal the metal framework underneath .
After Wylli... | Very Long | wikitext-103-excerpt |
percent of the 2011 – 12 operating budget . Student fees made up 28 percent of the 2010 – 11 operating budget . As of 30 April 2012 , Queen 's endowment was valued at C $ 584 @.@ 4 million .
The university has been registered as an educational charitable organization by Canada Revenue Agency since 1 January 1967 . A... | Very Long | wikitext-103-excerpt |
faith . The conversation touches upon " Islamic and Judaic tradition , the Quran and the Talmud , racial profiling and September 11 and the Taliban and Mahmoud Ahmadinejad and Benjamin Netanyahu " as tensions mount .
= = Cast = =
On November 2 , 2011 , the Chicago cast was announced . It included Usman Ally , Alan... | Very Long | wikitext-103-excerpt |
s interpretation of Buddhism and its inclusiveness of Mahayana and Theravada aspects is " like a tree , which needs roots , a trunk , branches , and leaves ; it cannot survive if any is missing . " He added that the appropriateness of a teaching , practice , symbol , is independent of its origin , but is determined by ... | Very Long | wikitext-103-excerpt |
oe bats .
In 1999 the Channel 4 television programme Time Team investigated Cooper 's Hole in an attempt to find evidence of Palaeolithic human activity .
These caves are the inspirations for the caves behind Helm 's Deep in J.R.R. Tolkien 's The Two Towers .
Several of the caves have been scheduled as ancient mo... | Very Long | wikitext-103-excerpt |
was needed to explain the observed Doppler shifts . Within a few years , the gravitational effects of the planet on the orbit of the pulsar and white dwarf had been measured , giving an estimate of the mass of the third object that was too small for it to be a star . The conclusion that the third object was a planet w... | Very Long | wikitext-103-excerpt |
Allen ( 2005 ) , Doug Flutie ( 1996 & 1997 ) , Pinball Clemons ( 1990 ) , Conredge Holloway , and Bill Symons ( 1968 ) .
= = = All @-@ Time and Hall of Fame = = =
= = Mascot = =
Jason is the mascot for the Toronto Argonauts . In 2003 Jason replaced Scully as the team 's mascot .
= Windows Push Notification Ser... | Very Long | wikitext-103-excerpt |
show to investigate the Kwik @-@ E @-@ Mart . Kent gives Homer a giant novelty hat containing a spy camera to expose Apu for selling expired food . Though Homer almost immediately abandons the hat after mistaking the buzzing of the machinery as a bee , the camera catches Apu placing a hotdog in the bain @-@ marie that... | Very Long | wikitext-103-excerpt |
= Dismissal of Pete Best = = = =
After the first recording session on 6 June 1962 , Martin had one reservation , as he felt that using an experienced studio session drummer would improve the recording , rather than using Pete Best ( this was normal practice at the time ) . Lennon , McCartney , and Harrison asked Eps... | Very Long | wikitext-103-excerpt |
lead to 17 – 13 .
= = = Fourth quarter = = =
Shortly after the fourth quarter began , the Virginia Tech drive that began in the waning moments of the third quarter came to an end . The Hokies were forced to punt , and Louisville began its first drive of the fourth quarter . The Cardinals ' Harry Douglas ran for 29... | Very Long | wikitext-103-excerpt |
series between the Brooklyn Dodgers or New York Giants and the New York Yankees in the 1940s and 1950s . Today , the term is used to describe the rivalry between the Yankees and the New York Mets . During the 2000 World Series , cars on the 4 train ( which stopped at Yankee Stadium ) were painted with Yankee colors , ... | Very Long | wikitext-103-excerpt |
Meadows massacre , in which a group of Mormons and Native Americans attacked a passing non @-@ Mormon wagon train from Arkansas , killing about 120 people . The ill @-@ conceived attack was the result of several factors including hysteria surrounding the 1857 " Utah War " and animosity toward Arkansans after the murde... | Very Long | wikitext-103-excerpt |
Heritage for those who actually have their burial at the bottom of the fjord . The intention was to protect the ship from wreck looters .
= High @-@ level radioactive waste management =
High @-@ level radioactive waste management concerns how radioactive materials created during production of nuclear power and nuc... | Very Long | wikitext-103-excerpt |
Bureau moved temporarily to the Abe Lincoln Hotel and the old office was subsequently destroyed for construction of a new federal courthouse . Finally in 1930 the Springfield office was moved to its new location at the Springfield federal building .
= = = Aviation Weather Stations ( 1931 – 1954 ) = = =
In 1931 the... | Very Long | wikitext-103-excerpt |
Brittan 's son @-@ in @-@ law in 1865 , when he married his only surviving daughter Mary ; Rolleston was elected Canterbury 's third Superintendent just months after Brittan 's death .
Brittan was a member of the Canterbury Provincial Council for just over three years . He served as Provincial Secretary from 1855 to... | Very Long | wikitext-103-excerpt |
winner Leon Jackson in December 2007 . The single was available to download from midnight after the result of the show on December 15 , 2007 , and a CD was rush @-@ released mid @-@ week , on December 19 , 2007 . This is unusual as most new singles are released on a Monday to gain maximum sales for the UK Singles Char... | Very Long | wikitext-103-excerpt |
( originally Draper Associates ) in 1985 and Canaan Partners in 1987 among others .
= = = Corporate raiders , hostile takeovers and greenmail = = =
Although buyout firms generally had different aims and methods , they were often lumped in with the " corporate raiders " who came on the scene in the 1980s . The raid... | Very Long | wikitext-103-excerpt |
generally positive about the character portrayals , but there were criticisms about dialogue , character interactions , and the quality of the localization .
= = Concept and creation = =
The original scenario and concept of Final Fantasy Type @-@ 0 , originally a mobile title named Final Fantasy Agito XIII , was c... | Very Long | wikitext-103-excerpt |
tied for first place , they were declared " co @-@ champions " , and each retained his or her winnings and returned on the following episode . A tie occurred on the January 29 , 2014 episode when Arthur Chu , leading at the end of Double Jeopardy ! , wagered to tie challenger Carolyn Collins rather than winning ; Chu ... | Very Long | wikitext-103-excerpt |
resonated with a particular mood in the popular culture at the time . Stephen Johnson , writing in A guide to the symphony , wondered whether the commercial success of the work was " a flash in the pan " or would turn out to have lasting significance . In 1998 , the critic Michael Steinberg asked , " [ are people ] re... | Very Long | wikitext-103-excerpt |
orus ) snakes , though these species are known natural predators of bullfrogs as are northern water snakes ( Nerodia sipedon ) .
= = Human use = =
The American bullfrog provides a food source , especially in the Southern and some areas of the Midwestern United States . The traditional way of hunting them is to padd... | Very Long | wikitext-103-excerpt |
is Six Flags Great Adventure 's fifth Bolliger & Mabillard roller coaster , joining Batman : The Ride , Bizarro , Nitro and Superman : Ultimate Flight . The coaster is the park 's second standup coaster ; the first was a smaller coaster manufactured by Intamin , Shockwave , which operated from 1990 to 1992 . Shockwave... | Very Long | wikitext-103-excerpt |
day .
= = = Tropical Depression Two = = =
An area of disturbed weather in the central Atlantic managed to gain enough organization to be designated Tropical Depression Two on July 31 . The depression moved across the Atlantic without strengthening due to high upper @-@ level wind shear , and dissipated near the Le... | Very Long | wikitext-103-excerpt |
as receptionist Erin Hannon . It was also the first episode of The Office to air since the release of the Ed Helms comedy film The Hangover . The film was a surprise box office success , grossing more than twice the amount of The 40 @-@ Year Old Virgin , which established Steve Carell as a comedy movie star . Commenta... | Very Long | wikitext-103-excerpt |
Arlott formed the " Master 's Club " , a group of Hobbs ' friends who met regularly to toast him . Hobbs remained active into the 1960s , including working in his shop . By the late 1950s , Ada was wheelchair @-@ bound and Hobbs spent most of his time caring for her . She died in March 1963 . Hobbs ' health began to f... | Very Long | wikitext-103-excerpt |
fold , and Birmingham concentrated on magnetron development . The first operational magnetrons were delivered in August 1941 . This invention was one of the key scientific breakthroughs during the war and played a major part in defeating the German U @-@ boats , intercepting enemy bombers , and in directing Allied bom... | Very Long | wikitext-103-excerpt |
OCLC 418364 . ( Oliver Wendell Holmes Lectures )
Hand , Learned ( 1968 ) , Hershel Shanks , eds . , The Art and Craft of Judging : The Decisions of Judge Learned Hand , New York : Macmillan , OCLC 436539 .
= Frilled shark =
The frilled shark ( Chlamydoselachus anguineus ) is one of two extant species of shark in... | Very Long | wikitext-103-excerpt |
1 @,@ 065 meters ( 3 @,@ 494 ft ) long . The track has 16 turns and contains 24 photocells for timekeeping . The track has a vertical drop of 112 meters ( 367 ft ) for the entire course , with an average 8 percent and maximum 15 percent grade . The start is located at 384 meters ( 1 @,@ 260 ft ) above mean sea level . ... | Very Long | wikitext-103-excerpt |
Italian Regia Marina ( Royal Navy ) built in the 1890s . She was the lead ship of the Regioni class , which included five other vessels . All of the ships were named for current or former regions of Italy . The ship was equipped with a main armament of four 15 cm ( 5 @.@ 9 in ) and six 12 cm ( 4 @.@ 7 in ) guns , and ... | Very Long | wikitext-103-excerpt |
he had done by repeating his F2 exams . " By exposing the lie he 'll end his career , Oliver can 't understand why Penny won 't stand by him . " He added that since Oliver made a serious surgical error , his colleagues had lost trust in his medical capability . When a train crash occurred , he was forced to take contr... | Very Long | wikitext-103-excerpt |
a cub pilot , read it with fear and hesitation , but marveling at its fearlessness and wonderful power . " Paine 's criticisms of the church , the monarchy , and the aristocracy appear most clearly in Twain 's A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur 's Court ( 1889 ) .
Paine 's text is still published today , one of the... | Very Long | wikitext-103-excerpt |
the war @-@ booty caused a new conflict between Solomon and his cousin , because the king granted only a quarter of the booty to the duke , who claimed its third part . Thereafter the duke negotiated with the Byzantine Emperor 's envoys and set all the Byzantine captives free without the king 's consent . The conflict... | Very Long | wikitext-103-excerpt |
a pitcher . Lemon credited Indians coach Bill McKechnie with helping him to adjust to his new position . Indians pitching coach Mel Harder taught Lemon how to throw a slider , a key pitch in his repertoire . That same year , Indians owner Bill Veeck said that Lemon " some day will become the best pitcher in the Americ... | Very Long | wikitext-103-excerpt |
of the genes involved have not been identified . Hereditary pancreatitis gives a greatly increased lifetime risk of pancreatic cancer of 30 – 40 % to the age of 70 . Screening for early pancreatic cancer may be offered to individuals with hereditary pancreatitis on a research basis . Some people may choose to have the... | Very Long | wikitext-103-excerpt |
. Only a certain number of masters could operate within any city 's bounds ; they were regulated by artisan guilds to whom they had to be affiliated to be allowed to operate and receive commissions . Guilds protected and regulated painting , overseeing production , export trade and raw material supply ; and they maint... | Very Long | wikitext-103-excerpt |
1895 , Robert S. Hatcher , the reading clerk of the Indiana Senate , was directed to ascertain the legal status of the design of the state seal . After a thorough review , Hatcher found that the laws that authorized the seal did not explicitly state what its design should be . He recommended that a bill be passed to s... | Very Long | wikitext-103-excerpt |
007 , it was ranked ninth on the List of America 's Favorite Architecture by the American Institute of Architects . It was the headquarters of the Chrysler Corporation from 1930 until the mid @-@ 1950s . Although the building was built and designed specifically for the car manufacturer , the corporation did not pay for... | Very Long | wikitext-103-excerpt |
Stan himself is referred to as stătut ( " frowzy " or " lacking in freshness " ) , and the wording reflects rural attitudes about men who fail to marry during a certain age interval . Toward the end , the story focuses on a corrupt old woman who tries to trick Stan 's new wife into committing adultery , but fails and ... | Very Long | wikitext-103-excerpt |
damage and rainfall continued along its path into New England and southeastern Canada . In all , Tropical Storm Doria caused seven deaths and $ 147 @.@ 6 million ( 1971 USD , $ 862 million 2016 USD ) .
= = Meteorological history = =
On August 15 , a tropical wave moved off the coast of Africa , and tracked westwar... | Very Long | wikitext-103-excerpt |
gold foil top and a new label .
= = Production = =
The Irish version of FES is brewed with pale malt , 25 per cent flaked barley ( for head retention and body ) and 10 per cent roasted barley , the latter being what gives the beer its dark hue . It uses the bitter Galena , Nugget and Target hop varieties . There a... | Very Long | wikitext-103-excerpt |
as Yūmao , who sung the anime 's ending theme " Michishirube " , or other voice actors from the anime such as Ryōko Shintani , who voiced Jan Pu , and Daisuke Ono , who voiced Asuta . The radio show 's opening theme song was " Compass : Egao no Yukue " sung by Ueda , Horie , and Tamura . Listeners could submit contrib... | Very Long | wikitext-103-excerpt |
.
On August 1 , 2015 , Dr. Brett Barger began serving as interim president of the Belleville campus . The interim title was removed and Barger was appointed president of the Lindenwood University Belleville campus in October 2015 . Barger is a longtime member of the Lindenwood family , having first arrived at the St... | Very Long | wikitext-103-excerpt |
are curves defined by the equation
<formula>
where the constant k equals
<formula>
When the right @-@ hand side of the equation is a positive real number , the solution corresponds to an epispiral . When the argument θ1 – θ0 equals ± 90 ° × k , the cosine goes to zero and the radius goes to infinity . Thus , w... | Very Long | wikitext-103-excerpt |
the first round 3 – 1 of the playoffs .
= = = The End of The Big Three Era = = =
After the 1999 draft , the Rockets traded for the third overall pick Steve Francis from the Vancouver Grizzlies , in exchange for four players and a first round draft pick . However , after Houston traded a discontented Pippen to Port... | Very Long | wikitext-103-excerpt |
ack , Sikh , Maori , Zulu , and ORP Piorun , denying Lindemann and the crew much @-@ needed rest .
Bismarck 's alarm sounded for the last time at 08 : 00 on the morning of 27 May 1941 . Norfolk sighted the Bismarck at 08 : 15 , and the battleship HMS Rodney opened fire on Bismarck at 08 : 48 . Bismarck returned fire ... | Very Long | wikitext-103-excerpt |
hard money men . Monetary debate intensified as Congress effectively demonetized silver in 1873 and began redeeming greenbacks in gold by 1879 , while limiting their circulation . By the 1880 convention , the nation 's money was backed by gold alone , but the issue was far from settled .
Debate over tariffs would co... | Very Long | wikitext-103-excerpt |
long . What prudery , they shout . Prudery ? I do not think that it is so . In my opinion , all this beauty and cleverness , together with love and the eternal , have infinite worth , but without that a relation between man and woman , which nevertheless essentially wants to express this , is not worth a pipe of tobac... | Very Long | wikitext-103-excerpt |
Ostein during the war . In the United Kingdom , Andersen suggested a series of further assassinations in Oslo , naming targets and describing plans for how to carry out the killings . The British saw great potential as an agent in a man with Andersen 's background . Andersen and his group was parachuted from a Halifax... | Very Long | wikitext-103-excerpt |
-@ Yo , was sent to contemporary hit , rhythmic and urban radio in the United States on August 21 . Critics gave the song positive reviews and praised the collaboration between the singers ; they compared it to the previous works written by Ne @-@ Yo , including the song " Irreplaceable " by Beyoncé . " Hate That I Lov... | Very Long | wikitext-103-excerpt |
segments of the public and the business community , who panned both as negative stereotypes of violence within the sport . Among the chief critics of the new logo was the Flames organization . They had received calls from concerned business people over theme and shared that sentiment . Struggling to attract corporate ... | Very Long | wikitext-103-excerpt |
from the late 12th century to the 14th century . In Flanders , the first motte and bailey castles began relatively early at the end of the 11th century . The rural motte @-@ and @-@ bailey castles followed the traditional design , but the urban castles often lacked the traditional baileys , using parts of the town to ... | Very Long | wikitext-103-excerpt |
may have declined by 94 % since the 1970s . In the Mediterranean , this shark is caught incidentally by bottom trawl and gillnet fisheries . Although it is generally discarded alive , many are unable to return to deep water and do not survive . In the Southern Hemisphere , catches by the Australian South East Trawl Fi... | Very Long | wikitext-103-excerpt |
Wall . That collapse also became a lahar that mainly followed the course of the first lahar for at least 20 mi ( 32 km ) , and also spilled into tributaries of the Baker River . Finally , an eruption cloud deposited ash as far as 40 mi ( 64 km ) downwind to the northeast and east .
= = = = Historical activity = = = ... | Very Long | wikitext-103-excerpt |
973 @,@ 000 viewers were watching . In Australia , " Mash Off " was watched by 683 @,@ 000 viewers , which made Glee the fourteenth most @-@ watched program of the night for the second week in a row . The viewership was up slightly from the previous episode , which was seen by 660 @,@ 000 viewers . In Canada , viewersh... | Very Long | wikitext-103-excerpt |
= = = Music video = = =
In 1996 , Strickland appeared briefly in the music video for Oasis 's " Don 't Look Back In Anger " . In 2009 , Strickland appeared in the music video for Rascal Flatts 's " Here Comes Goodbye " .
= = Artistry and image = =
Strickland has cited Jessica Lange , Holly Hunter , Diane Keato... | Very Long | wikitext-103-excerpt |
a peak flow of 250 @,@ 000 cubic feet per second ( 7 @,@ 100 m3 / s ) above the Oroville Dam site . The water rose behind the partially completed embankment dam and nearly overtopped it , while a maximum of 157 @,@ 000 cubic feet per second ( 4 @,@ 400 m3 / s ) poured from the diversion tunnels . This Christmas flood ... | Very Long | wikitext-103-excerpt |
's popularity increased in the 1920s and 1930s . The 1920 season was notable for the death of Ray Chapman of the Cleveland Indians . Chapman , who was struck in the head by a pitch and died a few hours later , became the only MLB player to die of an on @-@ field injury , a tragedy which led directly to both leagues re... | Very Long | wikitext-103-excerpt |
have died when a 19 ft ( 5 m ) catamaran , named Hurricane , went missing . Additionally , the 30 @-@ foot ship Adad nearly sunk in the storm and all three people on board sustained injuries .
= = = Hurricane Henriette = = =
While Tropical Storm Gil was moving westward , a tropical disturbance began to develop abo... | Very Long | wikitext-103-excerpt |
to be a little more meaningful . Screenwriter Akiva Goldsman admitted the scene was very theatrical on the special edition DVD and felt it would have made a difference to the final cut . The bat was designed and created by Rick Baker , who was in charge of the make @-@ up of Two @-@ Face . This scene appears in a roug... | Very Long | wikitext-103-excerpt |
was not an independent arm of the Dutch armed forces , but part of the Army , on 10 May operated a fleet of 155 aircraft : 28 Fokker G.1 twin @-@ engine destroyers ; 31 Fokker D.XXI and seven Fokker D.XVII fighters ; ten twin @-@ engined Fokker T.V , fifteen Fokker C.X and 35 Fokker C.V light bombers , twelve Douglas ... | Very Long | wikitext-103-excerpt |
" . Historian William Kapelle thought that this was a genuine event of the 1040s , related to the Annals of Tigernach entry for 1045 that reported a " battle between the Scots " which led to the death of Crínán of Dunkeld , Donnchad 's father ; Kapelle thought that Siward had tried to place Crínán 's son and Donnchad ... | Very Long | wikitext-103-excerpt |
us Harnoncourt ( 1969 ) , Jane Glover ( 1975 ) , Roger Norrington ( 1976 ) and John Eliot Gardiner . Only the composers Valentino Bucchi ( 1967 ) , Bruno Maderna ( 1967 ) and Luciano Berio ( 1984 ) produced editions based on the convention of a large modern orchestra . In the 21st century editions continue to be produc... | Very Long | wikitext-103-excerpt |
after controversially receiving Silver on the Beam and a shared Gold on the Floor . During the Soviet anthem , Čáslavská turned her head down and to the right of the Soviet flag in order to make a statement over the invasion and the Soviet influence of the sport of Gymnastics . Returning home , Čáslavská was made an o... | Very Long | wikitext-103-excerpt |
= Reaction = =
Rankov , who became the first rower to win five consecutive Boat Races ( C. R. W. Tottenham had won five as a cox in the 1860s ) , admitted , " The beginning was all right . We expected them to be up on us before Hammersmith . But the burn we did there was exhausting . It was really hard just to keep ... | Very Long | wikitext-103-excerpt |
success of The Lord of the Rings , she appeared opposite her Armageddon co @-@ star Ben Affleck in writer @-@ director Kevin Smith 's romantic comedy Jersey Girl ( 2004 ) , playing a woman who meets a widowed father played by Affleck , re @-@ opening his heart to love . In an interview with MTV News , Tyler confessed ... | Very Long | wikitext-103-excerpt |
8 election , they moved to establish the New England University College , a constituent college of the University of Sydney in the city of Armidale , and Bruxner was appointed to the first Advisory Council , on which he served until 1951 .
In July 1939 , Stevens and Colonial Treasurer Alexander Mair attempted to addr... | Very Long | wikitext-103-excerpt |
he continued to write on English domestic cricket until the 1939 season was summarily truncated . On 1 September , the day that Germany invaded Poland , Cardus observed the removal of the bust of W. G. Grace from the Lord 's pavilion ; he was informed by a bystander : " That means war " .
= = = = Music critic = = = ... | Very Long | wikitext-103-excerpt |
be multiplied element @-@ wise by a scalar from its associated field . A major application of matrices is to represent linear transformations , that is , generalizations of linear functions such as f ( x ) = 4x . For example , the rotation of vectors in three dimensional space is a linear transformation which can be r... | Very Long | wikitext-103-excerpt |
parliamentary sovereignty that require that no parliament can bind a future parliament . Secondly , whether section 3 interpretations follow parliamentary intent is questionable ; thirdly , if it does allow interpretations contrary to intent , section 3 may render section 4 necessary . However , judicial powers are pr... | Very Long | wikitext-103-excerpt |
but he is able to revive him with Electrocutioner 's gloves . Elsewhere , the Joker has taken over Blackgate after inciting a riot .
Realizing he needs allies , Batman works with Gordon and the police to retake the prison . Sitting at the electric chair , the Joker offers Batman a choice : kill Bane , or allow Bane ... | Very Long | wikitext-103-excerpt |
argued that an invasion should only be a contingency if bombing and a sea blockade of Japan failed to compel a surrender .
Hansell accompanied President Roosevelt and the Joint Chiefs aboard the USS Iowa to the Sextant Conference in November , then was appointed Deputy Chief of the Air Staff in December , working di... | Very Long | wikitext-103-excerpt |
923rd Fighter Regiment , followed by two MiG @-@ 21 fighters from the VPAF 921st Fighter Regiment at 2 : 51 pm . The MiG @-@ 21 force was led by Nguyen Nhat Chieu with Nguyen Van Coc , who had participated in the VPAF 's disastrous mission during Operation Bolo , as the wingman . The first and second MiG @-@ 17 flight... | Very Long | wikitext-103-excerpt |
Kuchlug converted to Buddhism and began persecuting the Muslim majority , forcing them to convert to either Buddhism or Christianity , a move which alienated Kuchlug from most of the population . When Kuchlug besieged the Karluk city of Almaliq , the Karluks , vassals of the Mongol Empire , requested aid from Genghis ... | Very Long | wikitext-103-excerpt |
1910 . The cinema was renamed the Central Cinema shortly afterwards , and closed in 1956 , and no trace of it now remains .
Portland Road is also home to the " Gold Coast " , the only Ghanaian public house in London ; this is a focal point for London 's Ghanaian community and serves Ghanaian beer , wine and food .
... | Very Long | wikitext-103-excerpt |
approached within 1 @,@ 000 metres ( 3 @,@ 300 feet ) of Ključ by 6 October , and ARBiH control of the town was under threat . In response , the ARBiH requested HV and HVO assistance .
= = Order of battle = =
The HV and the HVO forces earmarked for the offensive comprised 11 @,@ 000 – 12 @,@ 000 troops , organised... | Very Long | wikitext-103-excerpt |
him . A rifleman and a cinematographer using a camera with a telephoto lens followed at a distance . The wolf attack was filmed from far away , with the rifleman ready to shoot the wolf in case Mala was unable to kill it . As shown in film , Mala was able to kill the wolf without using his pistol or relying on the rif... | Very Long | wikitext-103-excerpt |
Night Dive Studios , a publisher specializing in re @-@ releasing classic video games , have posted on its Facebook page that they " have a pretty good idea of where the rights are " , and that they are " hot on the trail " . The studio later added that they are " making considerable progress , " but they refused to s... | Very Long | wikitext-103-excerpt |
940 , a young Davis had appeared as a National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis volunteer in a memorable short subject shown in movie theaters to raise donations for the crusade against polio . The Crippler featured a sinister figure spreading over playgrounds and farms , laughing over its victims , until finally dis... | Very Long | wikitext-103-excerpt |
formation all the way through to the present day .
= = Background and formation = =
As early as 1861 , workers from the famous glass exhibition building formed the initial Crystal Palace team as an amateur club . They were one of the 12 founder members of the Football Association and competed in the first FA Cup r... | Very Long | wikitext-103-excerpt |
family thicket the largest vents on Axial Seamounts , forming colonies up to 6 m2 ( 65 sq ft ) thick in places ; smaller , less nutritious vents feed bacterial mats , smaller tube worms , and limpets . The three most common microbial groups are bacterial epsilonproteobacteria , archaeon thermophilics of the Methanococ... | Very Long | wikitext-103-excerpt |
fact that adoption is possible for previous offenders , with Kelly stating : " They said the two main things they look for are stability in a family and a lot of back @-@ up at home , which Becky and Steve have with Roy , Hayley and Liz . " On what kind of mother Becky will be , Kelly added : " She 'd either palm it o... | Very Long | wikitext-103-excerpt |
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