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As educational institutions and their departments rapidly increase, a communication between their end-users becomes more and more difficult in traditional online management systems (OMS). However, the end-users, i.e., employees, teaching staff, and students are associated to different sub-domains and using different s...
The four Industry 4.0 design principles information transparency, technical assistance, interconnection, and decentralized decisions pose challenges in integrating information technology (IT) and operational technology (OT) solutions in industrial systems. These different solutions have conflicting requirements, makin...
Ensuring the integrity of business processes without disclosing confidential business information is a major challenge in inter-organizational processes. This paper introduces a zero-knowledge proof (ZKP)-based approach for the verifiable execution of business processes while preserving confidentiality.
In any sufficiently complex software system there are experts, having a deeper understanding of parts of the system than others. However, it is not always clear who these experts are and which particular parts of the system they can provide help with.
Requirements form the basis for defining software systems' obligations and tasks. Testable requirements help prevent failures, reduce maintenance costs, and make it easier to perform acceptance tests.
Pre-Requirement Specification traceability is the activity of capturing relations between requirements and their sources, in particular user needs. Requirements are formal technical specifications in the solution space; needs are natural language expressions codifying user expectations in the problem space.
This paper presents a transpiler framework for converting RTL pseudo code of the POWER Instruction Set Architecture (ISA) to C code, enabling its execution on the Cavatools simulator. The transpiler consists of a lexer and parser, which parse the RTL pseudo code and generate corresponding C code representations.
Hierarchy has widely been recognized as a viable approach to deal with the complexity of conceptual models. For instance, in declarative business process models, hierarchy is realized by sub-processes.
API misuse in code generated by large language models (LLMs) represents a serious emerging challenge in software development. While LLMs have demonstrated impressive code generation capabilities, their interactions with complex library APIs remain highly prone to errors, potentially leading to software failures and se...
In recent years, Machine Learning (ML) components have been increasingly integrated into the core systems of organizations. Engineering such systems presents various challenges from both a theoretical and practical perspective.
Machine Learning models from other fields, like Computational Linguistics, have been transplanted to Software Engineering tasks, often quite successfully. Yet a transplanted model's initial success at a given task does not necessarily mean it is well-suited for the task.
In today's digital society, personalization has become a crucial aspect of software applications, significantly impacting user experience and engagement. A new wave of intelligent user interfaces, such as AI-based conversational agents, has the potential to enable such personalization beyond what other types of in...
Bug reports document unexpected behaviors in software, enabling developers to understand, validate, and fix bugs. Unfortunately, a significant portion of bug reports is of low quality, which poses challenges for developers in terms of addressing these issues.
A spreadsheet is remarkably flexible in representing various forms of structured data, but the individual cells have no knowledge of the larger structures of which they may form a part. This can hamper comprehension and increase formula replication, increasing the risk of error on both scores.
The engineering of IoT (Internet of Things) systems brings about various challenges due to the inherent complexities associated with such adaptive systems. Addressing the adaptive nature of IoT systems in the early stages of the development life cycle is essential for developing a complete and precise system specifica...
Issue Tracking Systems (ITS) such as Bugzilla can be viewed as Process Aware Information Systems (PAIS) generating event-logs during the life-cycle of a bug report. Process Mining consists of mining event logs generated from PAIS for process model discovery, conformance and enhancement.
We present a comprehensive real-world evaluation of AI-assisted software development tools deployed at enterprise scale. Over one year, 300 engineers across multiple teams integrated an in-house AI platform (DeputyDev) that combines code generation and automated review capabilities into their daily workflows.
Today's significant technological advancement allows early-stage software startups to build and launch innovative products quickly on the market. However, many of them die in the early years of their path due to market conditions, ignorance of customer needs, lack of resources, or focus, such as the misuse of well...
Detecting and tracking code clones can ease various software development and maintenance tasks when changes in a code fragment should be propagated over all its copies. Several deep learning-based clone detection models have appeared in the literature for detecting syntactic and semantic clones, widely evaluated with ...
Cloud-native and microservice architectures have taken over the development world by storm. While being incredibly scalable and resilient, microservice architectures also come at the cost of increased overhead to build and maintain.
The feature interaction problem occurs when two or more independently developed components interact with each other in unanticipated ways, resulting in undesirable system behaviors. Feature interaction problems remain a challenge for emerging domains in cyber-physical systems (CPS), such as the Internet of Things and ...
Serious games are beneficial for education in various computer science areas. Numerous works have reported the experiences of using games (not only playing but also development) in teaching and learning.
A computational system is called autonomous if it is able to make its own decisions, or take its own actions, without human supervision or control. The capability and spread of such systems have reached the point where they are beginning to touch much of everyday life.
Synchronizing production and test code, known as PT co-evolution, is critical for software quality in the software development lifecycle. Existing methods for automatic PT co-evolution either utilize predefined heuristic rules or rely on simple application of machine learning techniques.
In the rapidly evolving digital business landscape, organizations increasingly need to collaborate across boundaries to achieve complex business objectives, requiring both efficient process coordination and flexible decision-making capabilities. Traditional collaboration approaches face significant challenges in trans...
With the rapid development of internet Router, the complexity of its mainboard has been growing dramatically. The high reliability requirement renders the number of testing cases increasing exponentially, which becomes the bottleneck that prevents further elevation of the production efficiency.
CADP is a comprehensive toolbox implementing results of concurrency theory. This paper addresses the question, whether CADP qualifies as an applicable formal method, based on the experience of the authors and feedback reported by users.
In software engineering processes, systems are first specified using a modeling language such as UML. These initial designs are often collaboratively created, many times in meetings where different domain experts use whiteboards, paper or other types of quick supports to create drawings and blueprints that then will n...
While it is easy to automate coverage data collection, it is a time consuming/difficult/expensive manual process to analyze the data so that it can be acted upon. Complexity arises from numerous sources, of which untested or poorly tested legacy code and third-party libraries are two of the most common.
In this report, we present functional models for software and hardware components of Time-Triggered Systems on a Chip (TTSoC). These are modeled in the asynchronous component based language BIP.
The ontological and epistemological positions adopted by information systems design methods are incommensur-able when pushed to their extremes. Information systems research has therefore tended to focus on the similarities between different positions, usually in search of a single, unifying position.
Artifact-centric modeling is a promising approach for modeling business processes based on the so-called business artifacts - key entities driving the company's operations and whose lifecycles define the overall business process. While artifact-centric modeling shows significant advantages, the overwhelming majori...
Recently, Jouve et al(A&A, 2008) published the paper that presents the numerical benchmark for the solar dynamo models. Here, I would like to show a way how to get it with help of computer algebra system Maxima.
Machine Learning for Software Engineering (ML4SE) is an actively growing research area that focuses on methods that help programmers in their work. In order to apply the developed methods in practice, they need to achieve reasonable quality in order to help rather than distract developers.
Context. Microservice-based systems have gained significant attention over the past years.
Providing compact and understandable counterexamples for violated system properties is an essential task in model checking. Existing works on counterexamples for probabilistic systems so far computed either a large set of system runs or a subset of the system's states, both of which are of limited use in manual de...
Context: Behaviour Driven Development (BDD) uses scenarios written in semi-structured natural language to express software requirements in a way that can be understood by all stakeholders. The resulting natural language specifications can also be executed to reveal correct and problematic parts of a software.
Supporting e-Science in the EGI e-Infrastructure requires extensive and reliable software, for advanced computing use, deployed across over approximately 300 European and worldwide data centers. The Unified Middleware Distribution (UMD) and Cloud Middleware Distribution (CMD) are the channels to deliver the software f...
For decades, the guidance given to software engineers has been to check the memory allocation results. This validation step is necessary to avoid crashes.
The proliferation of Open Source Software (OSS) adoption and collaboration has surged within industry, resulting in its ubiquitous presence in commercial offerings and shared digital infrastructure. However, in the public sector, both awareness and adoption of OSS is still in its infancy due to a number of obstacles i...
In this paper we describe the design and implementation of the Prolog interface to the Unstructured Information Management Architecture (UIMA) and some of its applications in natural language processing. The UIMA Prolog interface translates unstructured data and the UIMA Common Analysis Structure (CAS) into a Prolog k...
As small Uncrewed Aircraft Systems (sUAS) increasingly operate in the national airspace, safety concerns arise due to a corresponding rise in reported airspace violations and incidents, highlighting the need for a safe mechanism for sUAS entry control to manage the potential overload. This paper presents work toward o...
Our middleware approach, Context-Oriented Software Middleware (COSM), supports context-dependent software with self-adaptability and dependability in a mobile computing environment. The COSM-middleware is a generic and platform-independent adaptation engine, which performs a runtime composition of the software's c...
Tools are an essential part of every software engineering project. But the number of tools that are used in all phases of the software development life-cycle and their complexity is growing continually.
Dynamic symbolic execution (DSE) provides a precise means to analyze programs and it can be used to generate test cases and to detect a variety of bugs including memory vulnerabilities. However, the path explosion problem may prevent a symbolic executor from covering program locations or paths of interest.
Social network platforms are increasingly becoming identity providers and a media for showing multiple types of activity from third-party web sites. In this article, we analyze the services provided by seven of the most popular social network platforms.
The objective of this chapter is to propose some retrospective analysis of the evolution of programming abstractions, from {\em procedures}, {\em objects}, {\em actors}, {\em components}, {\em services}, up to {\em agents}, %have some compare concepts of software component and of agent (and multi-agent system), %The me...
Most existing code Large Language Model (LLM) benchmarks, e.g., EvalPlus, focus on the code generation tasks. Namely, they contain a natural language description of a problem and ask the LLM to write code to solve the problem.
Machine learning software is increasingly being used to make decisions that affect people's lives. But sometimes, the core part of this software (the learned model), behaves in a biased manner that gives undue advantages to a specific group of people (where those groups are determined by sex, race, etc.).
Synchronous model is a type of formal models for modelling and specifying reactive systems. It has a great advantage over other real-time models that its modelling paradigm supports a deterministic concurrent behaviour of systems.
Large-scale code datasets have acquired an increasingly central role in software engineering (SE) research. This is the result of
The complexity of software-based systems has increased significantly, especially with regards to capturing requirements along with dependencies among requirements. A conceptual model is a way of thinking about and making sense of the real world s complexities.
The aim of this paper is to promote the terms thing and thinging (which refers to the act of defining a boundary around some portion of reality and labeling it with a name) as valued notions that play an important role in software engineering modeling. Additionally, we attempt to furnish operational definitions for te...
This paper introduces pyRecLab, a software library written in C++ with Python bindings which allows to quickly train, test and develop recommender systems. Although there are several software libraries for this purpose, only a few let developers to get quickly started with the most traditional methods, permitting them...
Complex software can be hard to read, adapt, and maintain. Refactoring it can create cleaner and self-explanatory code.
When programmers look for how to achieve certain programming tasks, Stack Overflow is a popular destination in search engine results. Over the years, Stack Overflow has accumulated an impressive knowledge base of snippets of code that are amply documented.
Machine learning (ML) enabled systems are emerging with recent breakthroughs in ML. A model-centric view is widely taken by the literature to focus only on the analysis of ML models.
Recently, several Test Case Prioritization (TCP) techniques have been proposed to order test cases for achieving a goal during test execution, particularly, revealing faults sooner. In the Model-Based Testing (MBT) context, such techniques are usually based on heuristics related to structural elements of the model and...
Deep learning models have become essential in software engineering, enabling intelligent features like image captioning and document generation. However, their popularity raises concerns about environmental impact and inefficient model selection.
Design of large software systems requires rigorous application of software engineering methods covering all phases of the software process. Debugging during the early design phases is extremely important, because late bug-fixes are expensive.
Research software is an integral part of most research today and it is widely accepted that research software artifacts should be accessible and reproducible. However, the sustainable archival of research software artifacts is an ongoing effort.
In this paper we focus on exploiting a specification and the structures that satisfy it, to obtain a means of comparing implemented and expected behaviours and find the origin of faults in implementations. We present an approach to the creation of tests that are based on those specification-compliant structures, and t...
The conventional approach of designing BIM projects requires packaging of building information as files to exchange designs. This study develops a series of components to implement a previously established Cloud BIM (CBIM) platform that facilitates fileless cloud collaboration across BIM disciplines.
Automated test generation for game-like programs presents unique challenges due to their non-deterministic behavior and complex control structures. The NEATEST framework has been used for automated testing in Scratch games, employing neuroevolution-based test generation optimized for statement coverage.
Mutation testing has been demonstrated to be one of the most powerful fault-revealing tools in the tester's tool kit. Much previous work implicitly assumed it to be sufficient to re-compute mutant suites per release.
The performance of a syntax-guided synthesis algorithm is highly dependent on the provision of a good syntactic template, or grammar. Provision of such a template is often left to the user to do manually, though in the absence of such a grammar, state-of-the-art solvers will provide their own default grammar, which is...
Python is widely adopted across various domains, especially in Machine Learning (ML) and traditional software projects. Despite its versatility, Python is susceptible to performance smells, i.e., suboptimal coding practices that can reduce application efficiency.
Smartphones are becoming necessary tools in the daily lives of mil-lions of users who rely on these devices and their applications. There are thou-sands of applications for smartphone devices such as the iPhone, Blackberry, and Android, thus their reliability has become paramount for their users.
Machine learning (ML) is increasingly being used in critical decision-making software, but incidents have raised questions about the fairness of ML predictions. To address this issue, new tools and methods are needed to mitigate bias in ML-based software.
This article presents a survey on automatic software repair. Automatic software repair consists of automatically finding a solution to software bugs without human intervention.
Exploratory testing is neither black nor white, but rather a continuum of exploration exists. In this research we propose an approach for decision support helping practitioners to distribute time between different degrees of exploratory testing on that continuum.
Software bugs in a production environment have an undesirable impact on quality of service, unplanned system downtime, and disruption in good customer experience, resulting in loss of revenue and reputation. Existing approaches to automated software bug repair focuses on known bug templates detected using static code ...
Predicting the performance of production code prior to actually executing or benchmarking it is known to be highly challenging. In this paper, we propose a predictive model, dubbed TEP-GNN, which demonstrates that high-accuracy performance prediction is possible for the special case of predicting unit test execution t...
Low Code platforms, according to Gartner Group, represent one of the more disruptive technologies in the development and maintenance of enterprise applications. The key factor is represented by the central involvement of business people and domain expert, with a substantial disintermediation with respect to technical ...
This working paper unveils the crafting of a systematic literature review on open-source platforms. The high-competitive mobile devices market, where several players such as Apple, Google, Nokia and Microsoft run a platforms- war with constant shifts in their technological strategies, is gaining increasing attention f...
Program understanding is an important aspect in Software Maintenance and Reengineering. Understanding the program is related to execution behaviour and relationship of variable involved in the program.
Defect Triage is a time-sensitive and critical process in a large-scale agile software development lifecycle for e-commerce. Inefficiencies arising from human and process dependencies in this domain have motivated research in automated approaches using machine learning to accurately assign defects to qualified teams.
Logs, being run-time information automatically generated by software, record system events and activities with their timestamps. Before obtaining more insights into the run-time status of the software, a fundamental step of log analysis, called log parsing, is employed to extract structured templates and parameters fr...
Correctness constraints provide a foundation for automated debugging within object-oriented systems. This paper discusses a new approach to incorporating correctness constraints into Java development environments.
Mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets have become ubiquitous in today's modern computing landscape. The applications that run on these mobile devices (often referred to as "apps") have become a primary means of computing for millions of users and, as such, have garnered immense developer interest....
[Context] The COVID-19 pandemic has had a disruptive impact on how people work and collaborate across all global economic sectors, including the software business. While remote working is not new for software engineers, forced Work-from-home situations to come with both constraints, limitations, and opportunities for ...
A growing number of empirical software engineering researchers suggest that a complementary focus on theory is required if the discipline is to mature. A first step in theory-building involves the establishment of suitable theoretical constructs.
The rapid adoption of Artificial Intelligence(AI) programming assistants such as GitHub Copilot introduces new challenges in how these software tools address human needs. Many existing evaluation frameworks address technical aspects such as code correctness and efficiency, but often overlook crucial human factors that...
Massive training of developers following the growing demands of the information technology industry requires teachers to automate their repetitive tasks. For training courses on programming, it is promising to use automatic generation and automatic grading of exercises that require a student to write a program.
Large language models are deep learning models with a large number of parameters. The models made noticeable progress on a large number of tasks, and as a consequence allowing them to serve as valuable and versatile tools for a diverse range of applications.
In Europe and indeed worldwide, the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) provides protection to individuals regarding their personal data in the face of new technological developments. GDPR is widely viewed as the benchmark for data protection and privacy regulations that harmonizes data privacy laws across Europ...
In this paper, we propose to use production executions to improve the quality of testing for certain methods of interest for developers. These methods can be methods that are not covered by the existing test suite, or methods that are poorly tested.
Context: There is a growing demand for information on how IT companies look for candidates to their open positions. Objective: This paper investigates which hard and soft skills are more required in IT companies by analyzing the description of 20,000 job opportunities.
The most important deliverable of the requirements engineering process is the software requirements specification(SRS)document. Requirements documentation is important during the complete software development lifecycle to share the vision and effective communication between major stakeholders.
Digital twins are sophisticated software systems for the representation, monitoring, and control of cyber-physical systems, including automotive, avionics, smart manufacturing, and many more. Existing definitions and reference models of digital twins are overly abstract, impeding their comprehensive understanding and ...
Context: Selenium is claimed to be the most popular software test automation tool. Past academic works have mainly neglected testing tools in favor of more methodological topics.
Control Flow Graphs (CFGs) are essential for visualizing, understanding and analyzing program behavior. For statically-typed programming language like Java, developers obtain CFGs by using bytecode-based methods for compilable code and Abstract Syntax Tree (AST)-based methods for partially uncompilable code.
Automated program repair (APR) aims to automatize the process of repairing software bugs in order to reduce the cost of maintaining software programs. Moreover, the success (given by the accuracy metric) of APR approaches has increased in recent years.
Database Management System (DBMS) plays a core role in modern software from mobile apps to online banking. It is critical that DBMS should provide correct data to all applications.
Repository-level code completion aims to complete code based on the long contexts of the repository. Existing studies extract long contexts from the repository as inputs and leverage Large Language Models (LLMs) to generate code.
Measuring energy consumption is a challenging task faced by developers when building mobile apps. This paper presents EMaaS: a system that provides reliable energy measurements for mobile applications, without requiring a complex setup.
Cognitive biases exert a significant influence on human thinking and decision-making. In order to identify how they influence the occurrence of architectural technical debt, a series of semi-structured interviews with software architects was performed.
GitHub Actions (GA) has become the de facto tool that developers use to automate software workflows, seamlessly building, testing, and deploying code. Yet when GA fails, it disrupts development, causing delays and driving up costs.
The analysis of software requirement specifications (SRS) using Natural Language Processing (NLP) methods has been an important study area in the software engineering field in recent years. Especially thanks to the advances brought by deep learning and transfer learning approaches in NLP, SRS data can be utilized for ...
Programming education should aim to provide students with a broad range of skills that they will later use while developing software. An important aspect in this is their ability to write code that is not only correct but also of high quality.

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