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Many engineering organizations are reimplementing and extending deep neural networks from the research community. We describe this process as deep learning model reengineering. |
Software and systems traceability is widely accepted as an essential element for supporting many software development tasks. Today's version control systems provide inbuilt features that allow developers to tag each commit with one or more issue ID, thereby providing the building blocks from which project-wide tra... |
Today's software engineering already needs to deal with challenges originating from the multidisciplinarity that is required to realize IoT products: Many variants consist of sensor/actuator-powered systems that already today use AI/ML systems to better cope with the unstructuredness of their intended operational d... |
The discovery of inductive invariants lies at the heart of static program verification. Presently, many automatic solutions to inductive invariant generation are inflexible, only applicable to certain classes of programs, or unpredictable. |
Software development comprises the use of multiple Third-Party Libraries (TPLs). However, the irrelevant libraries present in software application's distributable often lead to excessive consumption of resources such as CPU cycles, memory, and modile-devices' battery usage. |
Promoting participation on digital platforms such as Brasil Participativo has emerged as a top priority for governments worldwide. However, due to the sheer volume of contributions, much of this engagement goes underutilized, as organizing it presents significant challenges: (1) manual classification is unfeasible at ... |
A code completion system suggests future code elements to developers given a partially-complete code snippet. Code completion is one of the most useful features in Integrated Development Environments (IDEs). |
Many automated program repair techniques have been proposed for fixing bugs. Some of these techniques use the information beyond the given buggy program and test suite to improve the quality of generated patches. |
Smart contracts are appealing because they are self-executing business agreements between parties with the predefined and immutable obligations and rights. However, as with all software, smart contracts may contain vulnerabilities because of design flaws, which may be exploited by one of the parties to defraud the oth... |
Surveys and experiments in economics involve stateful interactions: participants receive different messages based on earlier answers, choices, and performance, or trade across many rounds with other participants. In the design of Congame, a platform for running such economic studies, we decided to use delimited contin... |
Traditionally, business process management focuses on structured, imperative processes. With the increasing importance of knowledge work, semi-structured processes are entering center stage. |
Important building blocks of software engineering concepts are without a doubt technical. During the last decade, research and practical interest for non-technicalities has grown, revealing the building blocks to be various skills and abilities beside pure technical knowledge. |
This document gathers high-level users requirements and describes the system features. It provides a detailed explanation of the main functionalities of the system with a more emphasis on the stakeholders needs and wants. |
Microservice system solutions are driving digital transformation; however, fundamental tools and system perspectives are missing to better observe, understand, and manage these systems, their properties, and their dependencies. Microservices architecture leads towards decentralization, which implies many advantages to... |
Microservices fuel cloud-native systems with small service sets developed and deployed independently. The independent nature of this modular architecture also leads to challenges and gaps. |
In the evolving landscape of scientific and scholarly research, effective collaboration between Research Software Engineers (RSEs) and Software Engineering Researchers (SERs) is pivotal for advancing innovation and ensuring the integrity of computational methodologies. This paper presents ten strategic guidelines aime... |
Requirements Engineering in open source projects such as Eclipse faces the challenge of having to prioritize requirements for individual contributors in a more or less unobtrusive fashion. In contrast to conventional industrial software development projects, contributors in open source platforms can decide on their ow... |
This ongoing study deals with an important part of a line of research that constitutes a challenging burden. It is an initial investigation into the development of a Holistic Framework for Cellular Communication (HFCC). |
Code vulnerability detection is crucial for ensuring the security and reliability of modern software systems. Recently, Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown promising capabilities in this domain. |
As the default package manager for <a href="http://Node.js" rel="external noopener nofollow" class="link-external link-http">this http URL</a>, npm has become one of the largest package management systems in the world. To facilitate dependency management for developers, npm supports a special type of dependency, Peer ... |
The steep learning curve of formal technologies is a well-known barrier to the adoption of formal verification tools in industry. This paper presents VSCode-PVS, a modern integrated development environment for the Prototype Verification System (PVS). |
GraphQL is a new paradigm to design web APIs. Despite its growing popularity, there are few techniques to verify the implementation of a GraphQL API. |
Context: ChatGPT and other large language models (LLMs) are widely used across healthcare, business, economics, engineering, and software engineering (SE). Despite their popularity, concerns persist about their reliability, especially their error rates across domains and the software development lifecycle (SDLC). |
Developers often use crash reports to understand the root cause of bugs. However, locating the buggy source code snippet from such information is a challenging task, mainly when the log database contains many crash reports. |
Background: Testing and validation of the semantic correctness of patches provided by tools for Automated Program Repairs (APR) has received a lot of attention. Yet, the eventual acceptance or rejection of suggested patches for real world projects by humans patch reviewers has received a limited attention. |
Automatic code summarization frees software developers from the heavy burden of manual commenting and benefits software development and maintenance. Abstract Syntax Tree (AST), which depicts the source code's syntactic structure, has been incorporated to guide the generation of code summaries. |
The wealth of functionality in the Excel software package means it can go beyond use as a static evaluator of predefined cell formulae, to be used actively in manipulating and transforming data. Due to human error it is impossible to ensure a process like this is always error free, and frequently the sequence of actio... |
It is well known fact that was phrased by famous quality scholar P.B. Crosby that it is always cheaper to do the job right the first time. However, this statement must be reconsidered with respect to software development projects, because the concept of quality and associated costs measurements in software engineering... |
Large language models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT released by OpenAI, have attracted significant attention from both industry and academia due to their demonstrated ability to generate high-quality content for various tasks. Despite the impressive capabilities of LLMs, there are growing concerns regarding their potential ... |
We selected 29 medical imaging projects from 48 candidates, assessed 10 software qualities by answering 108 questions for each software project, and interviewed 8 of the 29 development teams. Based on the quantitative data, we ranked the MI software with the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). |
Over the last decades, the amount of data of all kinds available electronically has increased dramatically. Data are accessible through a range of interfaces including Web browsers, database query languages, application-specific interfaces, built on top of a number of different data exchange formats. |
Background: Large language models (LLMs) have greatly improved the accuracy of automated program repair (APR) methods. However, LLMs are constrained by high computational resource requirements. |
Modular deductive verification is a powerful technique capable to show that each function in a program satisfies its contract. However, function contracts do not provide a global view of which high-level (e.g. security-related properties of a whole software module are actually established, making it very difficult to ... |
Android apps must work correctly even if their execution is interrupted by external events. For instance, an app must work properly even if a phone call is received, or after its layout is redrawn because the smartphone has been rotated. |
Testing-based methodologies like fuzzing are able to analyze complex software which is not amenable to traditional formal approaches like verification, model checking, and abstract interpretation. Despite enormous success at exposing countless security vulnerabilities in many popular software projects, applications of... |
Quantum computing is quickly turning from a promise to a reality, witnessing the launch of several cloud-based, general-purpose offerings, and IDEs. Unfortunately, however, existing solutions typically implicitly assume intimate knowledge about quantum computing concepts and operators. |
To understand applications' memory usage details, engineers use instrumented builds and profiling tools. Both approaches are impractical for use in production environments or deployed mobile applications. |
In RESTful APIs, interactions with a database are a common and crucial aspect. When generating whitebox tests, it is essential to consider the database's state (i.e., the data contained in the database) to achieve higher code coverage and uncover more hidden faults. |
Relative correctness is the property of a program to be more-correct than another with respect to a given specification. Whereas the traditional definition of (absolute) correctness divides candidate program into two classes (correct, and incorrect), relative correctness arranges candidate programs on the richer struc... |
Low-code programming (LCP) refers to programming using models at higher levels of abstraction, resulting in less manual and more efficient programming, and reduced learning effort for amateur developers. Many LCP tools have rapidly evolved and have benefited from the concepts of visual programming languages (VPLs) and... |
The high complexity of modern software supply chains necessitates tools such as Software Bill of Materials (SBOMs) to manage component dependencies, and Software Composition Analysis (SCA) tools to identify vulnerabilities. While there exists limited integration between SBOMs and SCA tools, a unified view of complex d... |
Over two decades, we and other research groups have found that ethnographic and social analyses of work settings can provide insights useful to the process of system analysis and design. Despite this, ethnographic and social analyses have not been widely assimilated into industry practice. |
Software systems have been evolving rapidly and inevitably introducing bugs at an increasing rate, leading to significant losses in resources consumed by software maintenance. Recently, large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable potential in enhancing software development and maintenance practices, part... |
The Ethereum platform allows developers to implement and deploy applications called Dapps onto the blockchain for public use through the use of smart contracts. To execute code within a smart contract, a paid transaction must be issued towards one of the functions that are exposed in the interface of a contract. |
[Context] Coupling is a widely discussed metric by software engineers while developing complex software systems, often referred to as a crucial factor and symptom of a poor or good design. Nevertheless, measuring the logical coupling among microservices and analyzing the interactions between services is non-trivial be... |
The B method has facilitated the development of software by specifying the design of software as abstract machines and formally verifying the correctness of the abstract machines. The quality of B abstract machines can significantly impact the quality of final software products. |
Test Case Prioritization (TCP) techniques aim at proposing new test case execution orders to favor the achievement of certain testing goal, such as fault detection. Current TCP research focus mainly on code-based regression testing; however in the Model-Based Testing (MBT) context, we still need more investigation. |
Context: The goal of specification pattern catalogs for real-time requirements is to mask the complexity of specifying such requirements in a timed temporal logic for verification. For this purpose, they provide frontends to express and translate pattern-based natural language requirements to formulae in a suitable lo... |
[Background] Systematic literature reviews (SLRs) are essential for synthesizing evidence in Software Engineering (SE), but keeping them up-to-date requires substantial effort. Study selection, one of the most labor-intensive steps, involves reviewing numerous studies and requires multiple reviewers to minimize bias a... |
In recent years, defect prediction techniques based on deep learning have become a prominent research topic in the field of software engineering. These techniques can identify potential defects without executing the code. |
With their exceptional natural language processing capabilities, tools based on Large Language Models (LLMs) like ChatGPT and Co-Pilot have swiftly become indispensable resources in the software developer's toolkit. While recent studies suggest the potential productivity gains these tools can unlock, users still e... |
Classical CTL temporal logics are built over systems with interleaving model concurrency. Many attempts are made to fight a state space explosion problem (for instance, compositional model checking). |
Blockchain technology constitutes a paradigm shift in the way we conceive distributed architectures. A Blockchain system lets us build platforms where data are immutable and tamper-proof, with some constraints on the throughput and the amount of memory required to store the ledger. |
Recent years have seen the successful application of large pre-trained models to code representation learning, resulting in substantial improvements on many code-related downstream tasks. But there are issues surrounding their application to SE tasks. |
Web services represent a system with a huge number of units and many various and complex interactions. Complex networks as a tool for modelling and analyzing natural environments seem to be well adapted to such a complex system. |
Software development effort estimation (SDEE) is one of the main tasks in software project management. It is crucial for a project manager to efficiently predict the effort or cost of a software project in a bidding process, since overestimation will lead to bidding loss and underestimation will cause the company to l... |
We have designed an online survey to understand the status quo of four dimensions of gender biases among the contemporary computing organizations. Our preliminary results found almost one-third of the respondents have reported first-hand experiences of encountering gender biases at their jobs. |
Symbolic execution is a powerful systematic software analysis technique, but suffers from the high cost of constraint solving, which is the key supporting technology that affects the effectiveness of symbolic execution. Techniques like Green and GreenTrie reuse constraint solutions to speed up constraint solving for s... |
Formal verification techniques are widely used for detecting design flaws in software systems. Formal verification can be done by transforming an already implemented source code to a formal model and attempting to prove certain properties of the model (e.g. that no erroneous state can occur during execution). |
Compositional AI systems, which combine multiple artificial intelligence components together with other application components to solve a larger problem, have no known pattern of development and are often approached in a bespoke and ad hoc style. This makes development slower and harder to reuse for future application... |
Source code identifiers often contain abbreviations. Such abbreviations may reduce the readability of the source code, which in turn hinders the maintenance of the software applications. |
In collaborative software development, program merging is the mechanism to integrate changes from multiple programmers. Merge algorithms in modern version control systems report a conflict when changes interfere textually. |
Automatic source code summarization is the task of generating natural language descriptions for source code. Automatic code summarization is a rapidly expanding research area, especially as the community has taken greater advantage of advances in neural network and AI technologies. |
Changing functional and non-functional software implementation at runtime is useful and even sometimes critical both in development and production environments. JooFlux is a JVM agent that allows both the dynamic replacement of method implementations and the application of aspect advices. |
Context: Decentralized applications on blockchain platforms are realized through smart contracts. However, participants who lack programming knowledge often have difficulties reading the smart contract source codes, which leads to potential security risks and barriers to participation. |
The rapid progress of autonomous vehicles~(AVs) has brought the prospect of a driverless future closer than ever. Recent fatalities, however, have emphasized the importance of safety validation through large-scale testing. |
Intelligent Personal Assistants (IPAs) are software agents that can perform tasks on behalf of individuals and assist them on many of their daily activities. IPAs capabilities are expanding rapidly due to the recent advances on areas such as natural language processing, machine learning, artificial cognition, and ubiq... |
Equity, diversity, and inclusion in software engineering often overlook neurodiversity, particularly the experiences of developers with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Despite the growing awareness about that population in SE, few tools are designed to support their cognitive challenges (e.g., sustain... |
Sometimes debates on programming languages are more religious than scientific. Questions about which language is more succinct or efficient, or makes developers more productive are discussed with fervor, and their answers are too often based on anecdotes and unsubstantiated beliefs. |
Software bots are used to streamline tasks in Open Source Software (OSS) projects' pull requests, saving development cost, time, and effort. However, their presence can be disruptive to the community. |
With the prevalence of publicly available source code repositories to train deep neural network models, neural program models can do well in source code analysis tasks such as predicting method names in given programs that cannot be easily done by traditional program analysis techniques. Although such neural program m... |
The use of autonomous bots for automatic support in software development tasks is increasing. In the past, however, they were not always perceived positively and sometimes experienced a negative bias compared to their human counterparts. |
Open source software has drawn more and more attention from researchers, developers and companies nowadays. Meanwhile, many Chinese technology companies are embracing open source and choosing to open source their projects. |
In this paper we investigate the effect of long-term GUI changes occurring during application development on the reusability of existing GUI test cases. We conduct an empirical evaluation on two complex, open-source GUI-driven applications for which we generate test cases of various lengths. |
Defect predictors, static bug detectors and humans inspecting the code can locate the parts of the program that are buggy before they are discovered through testing. Automated test generators such as search-based software testing (SBST) techniques can use this information to direct their search for test cases to likel... |
Flower Pollination Algorithm (FPA) is the new breed of metaheuristic for the general optimization problem. In this paper, an improved algorithm based on Flower Pollination Algorithm (FPA), called imFPA, has been proposed. |
Embedded systems represent a billionaire market and are present in most of the processors produced in the <a href="http://world.Embedded" rel="external noopener nofollow" class="link-external link-http">this http URL</a> software interacts with external peripherals such as sensors and actuators through drivers. The st... |
We present a novel tool BertRLFuzzer, a BERT and Reinforcement Learning (RL) based fuzzer aimed at finding security vulnerabilities for Web applications. BertRLFuzzer works as follows: given a set of seed inputs, the fuzzer performs grammar-adhering and attack-provoking mutation operations on them to generate candidat... |
Language models (LMs) have exhibited impressive abilities in generating code from natural language requirements. In this work, we highlight the diversity of code generated by LMs as a critical criterion for evaluating their code generation capabilities. |
In a software product line (SPL), a collection of software products is defined by their commonalities in terms of features rather than explicitly specifying all products one-by-one. Several verification techniques were adapted to establish temporal properties of SPLs. |
While most forks on platforms like GitHub are short-lived and used for social collaboration, a smaller but impactful subset evolve into long-lived forks, referred to here as variants, that maintain independent development trajectories. Integrating bug-fix patches across such divergent variants poses challenges due to ... |
Software engineering has long studied how software developers work, building a body of work which forms the foundation of many software engineering best practices, tools, and theories. Recently, some developers have begun recording videos of themselves engaged in programming tasks contributing to open source projects,... |
TLA+ is a formal specification language used for designing, modeling, documenting, and verifying systems through model checking. Despite significant interest from the research community, knowledge about usage of the TLA+ ecosystem in practice remains scarce. |
Self-adaptive systems (SASs) are capable of adjusting its behavior in response to meaningful changes in the operational con-text and itself. The adaptation needs to be performed automatically through self-managed reactions and decision-making processes at runtime. |
This work aims at discussing the complexity aspect of software while demonstrating its relationship with security. Complexity is an essential part of software; however, numerous studies indicate that they increase the vulnerability of the software systems and introduce bugs in the program. |
Context: Mutation Testing (MT) is an important tool in traditional Software Engineering (SE) white-box testing. It aims to artificially inject faults in a system to evaluate a test suite's capability to detect them, assuming that the test suite defects finding capability will then translate to real faults. |
Many studies have long investigated how developers debug, shaping our understanding of debugging and helping motivate the creation of more effective tools. However, less is known about the typical progression of debugging in real world settings. |
Nowadays, the usefulness of a formal language for ensuring the consistency of requirements is well established. The work presented here is part of the definition of a formally-grounded, model-based requirements engineering method for critical and complex systems. |
With ever-increasing productivity targets in mining operations, there is a growing interest in mining automation. In future mines, remote-controlled and autonomous haulers will operate underground guided by LiDAR sensors. |
Gender diversity in open source software development continues to be a topic of growing interest among researchers, practitioners, and organizations. To date, research has revealed disparities in participation between developers on the basis of gender, with women being significantly underrepresented in open source dev... |
Smart contracts are decentralized applications built atop blockchains like Ethereum. Recent research has shown that large language models (LLMs) have potential in auditing smart contracts, but the state-of-the-art indicates that even GPT-4 can achieve only 30% precision (when both decision and justification are correc... |
Model web services provide an approach for implementing and facilitating the sharing of geographic models. The description and acquisition of inputs and outputs (IO) of geographic models is a key issue in constructing and using model web services. |
Evaluating early design concepts is crucial as it impacts quality and cost. This process is often hindered by vague and uncertain design information. |
Background: Pull-based development has shaped the practice of Modern Code Review (MCR), in which reviewers can contribute code improvements, such as refactorings, through comments and commits in Pull Requests (PRs). Past MCR studies uniformly treat all PRs, regardless of whether they induce refactoring or not. |
Architectural Technical Debt (ATD) is considered as the most significant type of TD in industrial practice. In this study, we interview 21 software engineers and architects to investigate a specific type of ATD, namely architectural smells (AS). |
Software that cannot change is condemned to atrophy: it cannot accommodate the constant revision and re-negotiation of its business goals nor intercept the potential of new technology. To accommodate change in such systems we have defined an active software architecture to be: dynamic in that the structure and cardina... |
In this paper, new contributions to requirements-based testing with deterministic finite state machines are presented. Elementary requirements are specified as triples consisting of a state in the reference model, an input, and the expected reaction of the system under test defined by a set of admissible outputs, allo... |
Language models (LMs) built upon deep neural networks (DNNs) have recently demonstrated breakthrough effectiveness in software engineering tasks such as code generation, completion, and repair. This has paved the way for the emergence of LM-based code optimization techniques, which are crucial for enhancing the perfor... |
In-context Learning (ICL) has achieved notable success in the applications of large language models (LLMs). By adding only a few input-output pairs that demonstrate a new task, the LLM can efficiently learn the task during inference without modifying the model parameters. |
We have selected six myths about the OSS community and have tested whether they are true or not. The purpose of this report is to identify the lessons that can be learned from the development style of the OSS community and the issues that need to be addressed in order to achieve better Employee Experience (EX) in soft... |
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