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The group (Z/nZ)^2 is shown to act on the Gromov-Witten invariants of the complex flag manifold. We also deduce several corollaries of this result.
The orientation completion problem for a class of oriented graphs asks whether a given partially oriented graph can be completed to an oriented graph in the class by orienting the unoriented edges of the partially oriented graph. Orientation completion problems have been studied recently for several classes of oriente...
The concept of the \emph{Gutman index}, denoted $Gut(G)$ was introduced for a connected undirected graph $G$. In this note we apply the concept to the underlying graphs of the family of Jaco graphs, (\emph{directed graphs by definition}), and describe a recursive formula for the \emph{Gutman index} $Gut(J^*_{n+1}(x)).
A tree $T$ on $2^n$ vertices is called set-sequential if the elements in $V(T)\cup E(T)$ can be labeled with distinct nonzero $(n+1)$-dimensional $01$-vectors such that the vector labeling each edge is the component-wise sum modulo $2$ of the labels of the endpoints. It has been conjectured that all trees on $2^n$ ver...
The Gelfand-Tsetlin and the Feigin-Fourier-Littelmann-Vinberg polytopes for the Grassmannians are defined, from the perspective of representation theory, to parametrize certain bases for highest weight irreducible modules. These polytopes are Newton-Okounkov bodies for the Grassmannian and, in particular, the GT-polyt...
The classical Chung-Feller theorem [2] tells us that the number of Dyck paths of length $n$ with $m$ flaws is the $n$-th Catalan number and independent on $m$. In this paper, we consider the refinements of Dyck paths with flaws by four parameters, namely peak, valley, double descent and double ascent.
We calculate the volume of the tropical Prym variety of a harmonic double cover of metric graphs having non-trivial dilation. We show that the tropical Prym variety behaves discontinuously under deformations of the double cover that change the number of connected components of the dilation subgraph.
A class of simple graphs such as ${\cal G}$ is said to be {\it odd-girth-closed} if for any positive integer $g$ there exists a graph $G \in {\cal G}$ such that the odd-girth of $G$ is greater than or equal to $g$. An odd-girth-closed class of graphs ${\cal G}$ is said to be {\it odd-pentagonal} if there exists a posi...
For a graph $G$, a vertex subset $S \subseteq V(G)$ is said to be $K_{k}$-isolating if $G - N_{G}[S]$ does not contain $K_{k}$ as a subgraph. The $K_{k}$-isolation number of $G$, denoted by $\iota_{k}(G)$, is the minimum cardinality of a $K_{k}$-isolating set of $G$.
Every noncompact surface is shown to have a (3,6)-tight triangulation, and applications are given to the generic rigidity of countable bar-joint frameworks in R^3. In particular, every noncompact surface has a (3,6)-tight triangulation that is minimally 3-rigid.
We show that the set of balanced binary trees is closed by interval in the Tamari lattice. We establish that the intervals [T, T'] where T and T' are balanced binary trees are isomorphic as posets to a hypercube.
Hereditary chip-firing models generalize the Abelian sandpile model and the cluster firing model to an exponential family of games induced by covers of the vertex set. This generalization retains some desirable properties, e.g. stabilization is independent of firings chosen and each chip-firing equivalence class conta...
The concept of coreflexive set is introduced to study the structure of digraphs. New characterizations of line digraphs and nth-order line digraphs are given.
We prove that the Bruhat-Chevalley-Renner order on the rook monoid is EL-shellable. We determine the homeomorphism type of the associated order complex.
For any graph $G$ of order $n$, the spanning tree packing number \emph{$STP(G)$}, is the maximum number of edge-disjoint spanning trees contained in $G$. In this paper, we obtain some sharp lower bounds for the spanning tree numbers of Cartesian product graphs and Lexicographic product graphs.
Cayley's formula states that there are $n^{n-2}$ spanning trees in the complete graph on $n$ vertices; it has been proved in more than a dozen different ways over its 150 year history. The complete graphs are a special case of threshold graphs, and using Merris' Theorem and the Matrix Tree Theorem, there is a ...
A signed graph is a graph whose edges are labelled positive or negative. The sign of a circle (cycle, circuit) is the product of the signs of its edges.
We introduce and study the dominated edge coloring of a graph. A dominated edge coloring of a graph $G$ is a proper edge coloring of $G$ such that each color class is dominated by at least one edge of $G$.
In this paper, we prove that for every positive $\varepsilon$, there exists an $\alpha\in(1/(k-1),1/(k-1)+\varepsilon)$ such that the binomial random graph $G(n,n^{-\alpha})$ does not obey 0-1 law w.r.t. first order sentences with k variables. In contrast, for every $\alpha\in(0,1/(k-1)]$, $G(n,n^{-\alpha})$ obeys 0-1...
In a recent paper Petrov and Pohoata developed a new algebraic method which combines the Croot-Lev-Pach Lemma from additive combinatorics and Sylvester's Law of Inertia for real quadratic forms. As an application, they gave a simple proof of the Bannai-Bannai-Stanton bound on the size of $s$-distance sets (subsets...
Let $(\mathscr{A},m)$ be a free multiarrangement, and let $\mathscr{E}$ be an extension of $(\mathscr{A},m)$. It is well known that if $\mathscr{A}$ is the Coxeter arrangement of type $A_2$, then a free extension of $(\mathscr{A},m)$ always exists.
A directed cycle double cover of a graph G is a family of cycles of G, each provided with an orientation, such that every edge of G is covered by exactly two oppositely directed cycles. Explicit obstacles to the existence of a directed cycle double cover in a graph are bridges.
The maximum likelihood threshold of a graph is the smallest number of data points that guarantees that maximum likelihood estimates exist almost surely in the Gaussian graphical model associated to the graph. We show that this graph parameter is connected to the theory of combinatorial rigidity.
A Roman domination function on a graph G is a function $r:V(G)\to \{0,1,2\}$ satisfying the condition that every vertex $u$ for which $r (u)=0$ is adjacent to at least one vertex $v$ for which $r
We say that a set system $\mathcal{F}\subseteq 2^{[n]}$ shatters a given set $S\subseteq [n]$ if $2^S={F \cap S : F \in \mathcal{F}}$. The Sauer inequality states that in general, a set system $\mathcal{F}$ shatters at least $|\mathcal{F}|$ sets.
A graph is chordal if every cycle of length at least four has a chord. In 1961, Dirac characterized chordal graphs as those graphs that can be built from complete graphs by repeated clique-sums.
We introduce a universal weight system (a function on chord diagrams satisfying the $4$-term relation) taking values in the ring of polynomials in infinitely many variables whose particular specializations are weight systems associated with the Lie algebras $\mathfrak{so}(N)$, $\mathfrak{sp}(2M)$, as well as Lie supera...
We consider here square tilings of the plane. By extending the formalism introduced in [3] we build a correspondence between plane maps endowed with an harmonic vector and square tilings satisfying a condition of regularity.
Quasi-lattices are introduced in terms of 'join' and 'meet' operations. It is observed that quasi-lattices become lattices when these operations are associative and when these operations satisfy 'modularity' conditions.
Let $G=(V,E)$ be a simple graph. A dominating set of $G$ is a subset $D\subseteq V$ such that every vertex not in $D$ is adjacent to at least one vertex in $D$.
In this paper, we present a new method to derive formulas for the generating functions of interval orders, counted with respect to their size, magnitude, and number of minimal and maximal elements. Our method allows us not only to generalize previous results on refined enumeration of general interval orders, but also ...
We give a broad survey of recent results in Enumerative Combinatorics and their complexity aspects.
We analyze a deterministic form of the random walk on the integer line called the {\em liar machine}, similar to the rotor-router model, finding asymptotically tight pointwise and interval discrepancy bounds versus random walk. This provides an improvement in the best-known winning strategies in the binary symmetric p...
Fendley, Schoutens and van Eerten [Fendley et al., J. Phys. A: Math. Gen., 38 (2005), pp. 315-322] studied the hard square model at negative activity. They found analytical and numerical evidence that the eigenvalues of the transfer matrix with periodic boundary were all roots of unity.
An odd hole in a graph is an induced subgraph which is a cycle of odd length at least five. In 1985, A. Gyarfas made the conjecture that for all t there exists n such that every graph with no K_t subgraph and no odd hole is n-colourable.
The classes of tree permutations and forest permutations were defined by Acan and Hitczenko (2016). We study random permutations of a given length from these classes, and in particular the number of occurrences of a fixed pattern in one of these random permutations.
Let $G$ be a graph, $S$ be a set of vertices of $G$, and $\lambda(S)$ be the maximum number $\ell$ of pairwise edge-disjoint trees $T_1, T_2,..., T_{\ell}$ in $G$ such that $S\subseteq V(T_i)$ for every $1\leq i\leq \ell$. The generalized $k$-edge-connectivity $\lambda_k(G)$ of $G$ is defined as $\lambda_k(G)= min\{\l...
We describe a combinatorial realization of the crystals $B(\infty)$ and $B(\lambda)$ using rigged configurations in all symmetrizable Kac-Moody types up to certain conditions. This includes all simply-laced types and all non-simply-laced finite and affine types.
In the model of randomly perturbed graphs we consider the union of a deterministic graph $\mathcal{G}_\alpha$ with minimum degree $\alpha n$ and the binomial random graph $\mathbb{G}(n,p)$. This model was introduced by Bohman, Frieze, and Martin and for Hamilton cycles their result bridges the gap between Dirac's ...
The spectral theory of higher-order symmetric tensors is an important tool to reveal some important properties of a hypergraph via its adjacency tensor, Laplacian tensor, and signless Laplacian tensor. Owing to the sparsity of these tensors, we propose an efficient approach to calculate products of these tensors and a...
A result of Simonovits and Sós states that for any fixed graph $H$ and any $\epsilon > 0$ there exists $\delta > 0$ such that if $G$ is an $n$-vertex graph with the property that every $S \subseteq V(G)$ contains $p^{e(H)} |S|^{v(H)} \pm \delta n^{v(H)}$ labeled copies of $H$, then $G$ is quasirandom in the sense...
We define the supermodular rank of a function on a lattice. This is the smallest number of terms needed to decompose it into a sum of supermodular functions.
The $\beta$-shift is the transformation from the unit interval to itself that maps $x$ to the fractional part of $\beta x$. Permutations realized by the relative order of the elements in the orbits of these maps have been studied for positive integer values of $\beta$ and for real values $\beta>1$.
We consider in general two-block substitutions and their fixed points. We prove that some of them have a simple structure: their fixed points are morphic sequences.
We introduce the concept of piecewise interlacing zeros for studying the relation of root distribution of two polynomials. The concept is pregnant with an idea of confirming the real-rootedness of polynomials in a sequence.
It is well-known that the graphs not containing a given graph H as a subgraph have bounded chromatic number if and only if H is acyclic. Here we consider ordered graphs, i.e., graphs with a linear ordering on their vertex set, and the function f(H) = sup{chi(G) | G in Forb(H)} where Forb(H) denotes the set of all orde...
We discover a family $A$ of sixteen statistics on fillings of any given Young diagram and prove new combinatorial formulas for modified Macdonald polynomials, that is, $$\tilde{H}_{\lambda}(X;q,t)=\sum_{\sigma\in T(\lambda)}x^{\sigma}q^{maj(\sigma)}t^{\eta(\sigma)}$$ for each statistic $\eta\in A$. Building upon this ...
Given a graph $G$, the $k$-mixing problem asks: Can one obtain all $k$-colourings of $G$, starting from one $k$-colouring $f$, by changing the colour of only one vertex at a time, while at each step maintaining a $k$-colouring? More generally, for a graph $H$, the $H$-mixing problem asks: Can one obtain all homomorphi...
We evaluate in closed form three special classes of alternating zeta series with one and two additional parameters. Two classes are expressed as linear combinations of polylogarithms while for the third class we prove an expression involving the incomplete gamma function and the exponential integral.
Chung, Graham, and Wilson proved that a graph is quasirandom if and only if there is a large gap between its first and second largest eigenvalue. Recently, the authors extended this characterization to k-uniform hypergraphs, but only for the so-called coregular k-uniform hypergraphs.
The $es$-splitting operation on binary bridge-less matroids never produces an Eulerian matroid. But for matroids representable over $GF(p),(p>2),$ called $p$-matroids, the $es$-splitting operation may yield Eulerian matroids.
For a digraph $G$ and $v \in V(G)$, let $\delta^+(v)$ be the number of out-neighbors of $v$ in $G$. The Caccetta-Häggkvist conjecture states that for all $k \ge 1$, if $G$ is a digraph with $n = |V(G)|$ such that $\delta^+(v) \ge n/k$ for all $v \in V(G)$, then G contains a directed cycle of length at most $k$.
Towards the study of the Kashiwara B(infinity) crystal, sets H^t of functions were introduced given by equivalence classes of unordered partitions satisfying certain boundary conditions. Here it is shown that H^t is a Catalan set of order t, that is to say the cardinality of H^t is the t-th Catalan number C(t).
We continue the study of token sliding reconfiguration graphs of independent sets initiated by the authors in an earlier paper (<a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2203.16861" data-arxiv-id="2203.16861" class="link-https">arXiv:2203.16861</a>). Two of the topics in that paper were to study which graphs $G$ are token slidin...
The extension of pascalian like matrices depending on a variable from any field of zero characteristics are shown at work for the first time. Their properties appear to be one source factory of identities and resulting foreseen applications
There are various topological indices such as degree based topological indices, distance based topological indices and counting related topological indices etc. These topological indices correlate certain physicochemical properties such as boiling point, stability of chemical compounds.
Planar functions over finite fields give rise to finite projective planes and other combinatorial objects. They were originally defined only in odd characteristic, but recently Zhou introduced a definition in even characteristic which yields similar applications.
We introduce &#34;fertility Wilf equivalence,&#34; &#34;strong fertility Wilf equivalence,&#34; and &#34;postorder Wilf equivalence,&#34; three variants of Wilf equivalence for permutation classes that formalize some phenomena that have appeared in the study of West&#39;s stack-sorting map. We introduce &#34;sliding o...
Let $A(n,d)$ be the maximum number of $0,1$ words of length $n$, any two having Hamming distance at least $d$. We prove $A(20,8)=256$, which implies that the quadruply shortened Golay code is optimal.
We consider words over a binary alphabet. A word $w$ is overlap-free if it does not have factors (blocks of consecutive letters) of the form $uvuvu$ for nonempty $u$.
In 1981 Jackson showed that the diregular bipartite tournament (a complete bipartite graph whose edges are oriented so that every vertex has the same in- and outdegree) contains a Hamilton cycle, and conjectured that in fact the edge set of it can be partitioned into Hamilton cycles. We prove an approximate version of...
Some classical polar spaces admit polar spaces of the same rank as embedded polar spaces (often arisen as the intersection of the polar space with a non-tangent hyperplane). In this article we look at sets of generators that behave combinatorially as the set of generators of such an embedded polar space, and we prove ...
We define and study odd analogues of classical geometric and combinatorial objects associated to permutations, namely odd Schubert varieties, odd diagrams, and odd inversion sets. We show that there is a bijection between odd inversion sets of permutations and acyclic orientations of the Turán graph, that the dimensio...
Given any graph $G$, the (adjacency) spread of $G$ is the maximum absolute difference between any two eigenvalues of the adjacency matrix of $G$. In this paper, we resolve a pair of 20-year-old conjectures of Gregory, Hershkowitz, and Kirkland regarding the spread of graphs.
The aim of this paper is to derive explicit formulas for two distinct values. The first is the total number of symmetric peaks in a set partition of $[n]$ with exactly $k$ blocks, and the second one is the total number of non-symmetric peaks in a set partition of $[n]$ with exactly $k$ blocks.
In this note we generalize an identity of John Riordan and Robert Donaghey relating the enumerator for Stirling permutations to the Eulerian polynomials.
We define arrangements of codimension-1 submanifolds in a smooth manifold which generalize arrangements of hyperplanes. When these submanifolds are removed the manifold breaks up into regions, each of which is homeomorphic to an open disc.
Inspired by the seminal work of André-Louis Cholesky -- whose contributions remain crucial in broader sciences even after more than a century -- Cooper, Hanna and Whitlatch (2024) developed a theory of positive matrices over finite fields, and Khare and Vishwakarma (2025) described a general Cholesky factorization for ...
A celebrated theorem of Kleitman in extremal combinatorics states that a collection of binary vectors in $\{0, 1\}^n$ with diameter $d$ has cardinality at most that of a Hamming ball of radius $d/2$. In this paper, we give an algebraic proof of Kleitman&#39;s Theorem, by carefully choosing a pseudo-adjacency matrix fo...
We compute an explicit $e$-positive formula for the chromatic symmetric function of a lollipop graph, $L_{m,n}$. From here we deduce that there exist countably infinite distinct $e$-positive, and hence Schur-positive, bases of the algebra of symmetric functions whose generators are chromatic symmetric functions.
We study the classes of $(u,m,{\bf e},s)$-nets and $(u,{\bf e},s)$-sequences, which are generalizations of $(u,m,s)$-nets and $(u,s)$-sequences, respectively. We show equivalence results that link the existence of $(u,m,{\bf e},s)$-nets and so-called mixed (ordered) orthogonal arrays, thereby generalizing earlier resu...
We consider $k$-dimensional random simplicial complexes that are generated from the binomial random $(k+1)$-uniform hypergraph by taking the downward-closure, where $k\geq 2$. For each $1\leq j \leq k-1$, we determine when all cohomology groups with coefficients in $\mathbb{F}_2$ from dimension one up to $j$ vanish an...
We show that a set $A \subset \{0,1\}^{n}$ with edge-boundary of size at most $|A| (\log_{2}(2^{n}/|A|) + \epsilon)$ can be made into a subcube by at most $(2 \epsilon/\log_{2}(1/\epsilon))|A|$ additions and deletions, provided $\epsilon$ is less than an absolute constant. <br>We deduce that if $A \subset \{0,1\}^{n}$...
It is a famous result of Lovasz and Yemini (1982) that 6-connected graphs are rigid in the plane. This was recently improved by Jackson and Jordan (2009) who showed that 6-mixed connectivity is also sufficient for rigidity.
A fair coin is flipped $n$ times, and two finite sequences of heads and tails (words) $A$ and $B$ of the same length are given. Each time the word $A$ appears in the sequence of coin flips, Alice gets a point, and each time the word $B$ appears, Bob gets a point.
We have the Fisher type inequality and the linear programming bound as upper bounds for the cardinalities of $s$-distance sets on $S^{d-1}$. In this paper, we give a new upper bound for the cardinalities of $s$-distance sets on $S^{d-1}$ for any $s$.
Given a graph $H$, we say a graph $G$ is properly rainbow $H$-saturated if there is a proper edge-coloring of $G$ which contains no rainbow copy of $H$, but adding any edge to $G$ makes such an edge-coloring impossible. The proper rainbow saturation number, denoted $\text{sat}^*(n,H)$, is the minimum number of edges i...
Given a graph $H$, a balanced subdivision of $H$ is obtained by replacing all edges of $H$ with internally disjoint paths of the same length. In this paper, we prove that for any graph $H$, a linear-in-$e(H)$ bound on average degree guarantees a balanced $H$-subdivision.
We study nearest-neighbors walks on the two-dimensional square lattice, that is, models of walks on $\mathbb{Z}^2$ defined by a fixed step set that is a subset of the non-zero vectors with coordinates 0, 1 or $-1$. We concern ourselves with the enumeration of such walks starting at the origin and constrained to remain...
A major problem in the study of combinatorial aspects of permutation groups is to determine the distances in the symmetric group $\Sym_n$ with respect to a generator set. One well-known such a case is when the generator set $S_n$ consists of block transpositions.
The $k$-core of a graph is the maximal subgraph in which every node has degree at least~$k$, the shell index of a node is the largest $k$ such that the $k$-core contains the node, and the degeneracy of a graph is the largest shell index of any node. After a suitable normalization, these three concepts generalize to li...
The aim of this work is to enumerate alternating sign matrices (ASM) that are quasi-invariant under a quarter-turn. The enumeration formula (conjectured by Duchon) involves, as a product of three terms, the number of unrestricted ASM&#39;s and the number of half-turn symmetric ASM&#39;s.
This paper is concerned with two conjectures which are intimately related. The first is a generalization to hypergraphs of Vizing&#39;s Theorem on the chromatic index of a graph and the second is the well-known conjecture of Erdős, Faber and Lovász which deals with the problem of coloring a family of cliques intersect...
For $D$ being a subset of positive integers, the integer distance graph is the graph $G(D)$, whose vertex set is the set of integers, and edge set is the set of all pairs $uv$ with $|u-v| \in D$. It is known that $\chi(G(D)) \leq |D|+1$.
We show for $n,k\geq1$, and an $n$-dimensional complex vector space $V$ that if an element $A\in\text{End}(V)[[z]]$ has constant term similar to a Jordan block, then there exists a polynomial gauge transformation $g$ such that the first $k$ coefficients of $gAg^{-1}$ have a controlled normal form. Furthermore, we show...
We give a new cyclic sieving phenomenon for semistandard Young tableaux $SSYT(\lambda,\mu)$ of shape $\lambda=(m,n^b)$ and content $\mu$, a $(b+2)$-tuple. We prove that $(SSYT(\lambda,\mu),\langle \partial^{b+2} \rangle, f(q))$ exhibits the cyclic sieving phenomenon, where $\partial$ is the jeu de taquin promotion ope...
In this note, we obtain a formula which leads to a practical and efficient method to calculate the number of partitions of n into parts not divisible by m for given natural numbers n and m.
An ordered graph $H$ on $n$ vertices is a graph whose vertices have been labeled bijectively with $\{1,...,n\}$. The ordered Ramsey number $r_&lt;(H)$ is the minimum $n$ such that every two-coloring of the edges of the complete graph $K_n$ contains a monochromatic copy of $H$ such that the vertices in the copy appear ...
A topological graph is \emph{$k$-quasi-planar} if it does not contain $k$ pairwise crossing edges. A topological graph is \emph{simple} if every pair of its edges intersect at most once (either at a vertex or at their intersection).
Given a graph G and an integer k, two players take turns coloring the vertices of G one by one using k colors so that neighboring vertices get different colors. The first player wins iff at the end of the game all the vertices of $G$ are colored.
For a fixed graph $H$, in the List $H$-Coloring problem, we are given a graph $G$ along with list $L(v) \subseteq V(H)$ for every $v \in V(G)$, and we have to determine if there exists a list homomorphism $\varphi$ from $(G,L)$ to $H$, i.e., an edge preserving mapping $\varphi: V(G)\to V(H)$ that satisfies $\varphi(v)\...
Conventional Ramsey-theoretic investigations for edge-colourings of complete graphs are framed around avoidance of certain configurations. Motivated by considerations arising in the field of Qualitative Reasoning, we explore edge colourings that in addition to forbidding certain triangle configurations also require ot...
We determine the minimum degree sum of two adjacent vertices that ensures a perfect matching in a 3-graph without isolated vertex. More precisely, suppose that $H$ is a 3-uniform hypergraph whose order $n$ is sufficiently large and divisible by $3$.
It is known to be a hard problem to compute the competition number k(G) of a graph G in general. Park and Sano [13] gave the exact values of the competition numbers of Hamming graphs H(n,q) if $1 \leq n \leq 3$ or $1 \leq q \leq 2$.
In 1964 Vizing proved that starting from any k-edge-coloring of a graph G one can reach, using only Kempe swaps, a ($\Delta$ + 1)-edge-coloring of G where $\Delta$ is the maximum degree of G. One year later he conjectured that one can also reach a $\Delta$-edge-coloring of G if there exists one. Bonamy et.
Let $\mathcal{C}$ be a permutation class that does not contain all layered permutations or all colayered permutations. We prove that there is a constant $c$ such that every permutation in $\mathcal{C}$ of length $n$ contains a monotone subsequence of length $cn$.
Distance-regular graphs are a key concept in Algebraic Combinatorics and have given rise to several generalizations, such as association schemes. Motivated by spectral and other algebraic characterizations of distance-regular graphs, we study `almost distance-regular graphs&#39;.
We provide a method to construct $t$-designs from weighing matrices and walk-regular graphs. <br>One instance of our method can produce a $3$-design from any (symmetric or skew-symmetric) conference matrix, thereby providing a partial answer to a question of Gunderson and Semeraro JCTB 2017.
We define and construct the &#34;canonical reduced word&#34; of a boolean permutation, and show that the RSK tableaux for that permutation can be read off directly from this reduced word. We also describe those tableaux that can correspond to boolean permutations, and enumerate them.
We consider global dynamics of reaction systems as introduced by Ehrenfeucht and Rozenberg. The dynamics is represented by a directed graph, the so-called transition graph, and two reaction systems are considered equivalent if their corresponding transition graphs are isomorphic.