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Algorithmic systems make decisions that have a great impact in our lives. As our dependency on them is growing so does the need for transparency and holding them accountable. |
Text-to-image diffusion models have been adopted into key commercial workflows, such as art generation and image editing. Characterising the implicit social biases they exhibit, such as gender and racial stereotypes, is a necessary first step in avoiding discriminatory outcomes. |
The recent introduction of OpenAI's text-to-video model Sora has sparked widespread public discourse across online communities. This study aims to uncover the dominant themes and narratives surrounding Sora by conducting topic modeling analysis on a corpus of 1,827 Reddit comments from five relevant subreddits (r/... |
Chatter on social media is 20% bots and 80% humans. Chatter by bots and humans is consistently different: bots tend to use linguistic cues that can be easily automated while humans use cues that require dialogue understanding. |
This study investigates public expectations regarding the likelihood and timing of major artificial intelligence (AI) developments among Swedes. Through a mixed-mode survey (web/paper) of 1,026 respondents, we examined expectations across six key scenarios: medical breakthroughs, mass unemployment, democratic deterior... |
Contribution: Case study of a rural-focused educational program with two components: 1) introducing high school students and teachers to Smart and Connected Technologies (SCTs) that can be used to solve local problems; |
Customer's trust in vendors' reputation is a key factor that facilitates economic transactions in e-commerce platforms. Although the trust-sales relationship is assumed robust and consistent, its empirical evidence remains neglected for Latin American countries. |
Artificial intelligence (AI) hiring tools have revolutionized resume screening, and large language models (LLMs) have the potential to do the same. However, given the biases which are embedded within LLMs, it is unclear whether they can be used in this scenario without disadvantaging groups based on their protected at... |
Profiling users for the purpose of targeted advertisements or other kinds of personalization is very popular on the internet. But besides the benefits of individually tailored news feeds and shopping recommendation research has shown that many users consider this practice as privacy infringement. |
This introductory chapter provides an overview of the evolution and impact of Artificial Intelligence technologies in today society. Beginning with a historical context while exploring a few general definitions of AI, the author provides a timeline of the used technologies, highlighting its periods of stagnation, comm... |
Accurate and comprehensive measurements of a range of sustainable development outcomes are fundamental inputs into both research and policy. We synthesize the growing literature that uses satellite imagery to understand these outcomes, with a focus on approaches that combine imagery with machine learning. |
Empathy is fundamental to human interactions, yet it remains unclear whether embodied agents can provide human-like empathetic support. Existing works have studied agents' tasks solving and social interactions abilities, but whether agents can understand empathetic needs and conduct empathetic behaviors remains ov... |
The use of large language model (LLM)-powered chatbots, such as ChatGPT, has become popular across various domains, supporting a range of tasks and processes. However, due to the intrinsic complexity of LLMs, effective prompting is more challenging than it may seem. |
An institution, be it a body of government, commercial enterprise, or a service, cannot interact directly with a person. Instead, a model is created to represent us. |
Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly proposed as scalable solutions to the global mental health crisis. But their deployment in psychiatric contexts raises a distinctive ethical concern: the problem of atypicality. |
At this moment Autonomous cars are probably the biggest and most talked about technology in the Robotics Research Community. In spite of great technological advances over past few years a full edged autonomous car is still far from reality. |
E-learning; enhanced by communicating and interacting is becoming increasingly accepted and this puts Web 2.0 at the center of the new educational technologies. E-Learning 2.0 emerges as an innovative method of online learning for its incorporation of Web 2.0 tools. |
Flexible electricity networks continuously coordinate and optimize operations through ICT systems. An overlay data grid conveys information about the state of the electricity grid, as well as the status of demand and production of electricity in households and industry. |
Physically-based overland flow models are computationally demanding, hindering their use for real-time applications. Therefore, the development of fast (and reasonably accurate) overland flow models is needed if they are to be used to support flood mitigation decision making. |
Ambulance services worldwide are of vital importance to population health. Timely responding to incidents by dispatching an ambulance vehicle to the location a call came from can offer significant benefits to patient care across a number of medical conditions. |
Understanding user dynamics in online communities has become an active research topic and can provide valuable insights for human behavior analysis and community management. In this work, we investigate the "bandwagon fan" phenomenon, a special case of user dynamics, to provide a large-scale characterization o... |
From medical charts to national census, healthcare has traditionally operated under a paper-based paradigm. However, the past decade has marked a long and arduous transformation bringing healthcare into the digital age. |
Computational phenotyping has emerged as a practical solution to the incomplete collection of data on gender in electronic health records (EHRs). This approach relies on algorithms to infer a patient's gender using the available data in their health record, such as diagnosis codes, medication histories, and inform... |
Most recent e-health initiatives perceive customers (patients) as recipients of medical care where they do not have a significant role in the process of health decision making. However, the advancement of Web 2.0 offers patients to have a greater role in the decision making process related to their health as they can ... |
Reducing meat consumption is crucial for achieving global environmental and nutritional targets. Meat-Free Day (MFD) is a widely adopted strategy to address this challenge by encouraging plant-based diets through the removal of animal-based meals. |
Social capital has been studied in economics, sociology and political science as one of the key elements that promote the development of modern societies. It can be defined as the source of capital that facilitates cooperation through shared social norms. |
The Sixth Generation (6G) network is a platform for the fusion of the physical and virtual worlds. It will integrate processing, communication, intelligence, sensing, and storage of things. |
In this study, we examine the social networking practices of the 100 largest nonprofit organizations in the United States. More specifically, we develop a comprehensive classification scheme to delineate these organizations' use of Facebook as a stakeholder engagement tool. |
Mixed Reality (MR) is becoming ubiquitous as it finds its applications in education, healthcare, and other sectors beyond leisure. While MR end devices, such as headsets, have low energy intensity, the total number of devices and resource requirements of the entire MR ecosystem, which includes cloud and edge endpoints... |
In service computing, the same target functions can be achieved by multiple Web services from different providers. Due to the functional similarities, the client needs to consider the non-functional criteria. |
Educational technology has obtained great importance over the last fifteen years. At present, the umbrella of educational technology incorporates multitudes of engaging online environments and fields. |
We derive and test an approximation for the angular power spectrum of galaxy number counts in the flat sky limit. The standard density and redshift space distortion (RSD) terms in the resulting approximation are distinct to the Limber approximation, providing an accurate result for multipoles as low as $\ell\simeq10$,... |
High redshift measurements of the baryonic acoustic oscillation scale (BAO) from large Ly-alpha forest surveys represent the next frontier of dark energy studies. As part of this effort, efficient simulations of the BAO signature from the Ly-alpha forest will be required. |
We present a comprehensive analysis of the $\Lambda_{\rm s}$CDM model, which explores the recent conjecture suggesting a rapid transition of the Universe from anti-de Sitter vacua to de Sitter vacua (viz., the cosmological constant switches sign from negative to positive) at redshift ${z_\dagger\sim 2}$, inspired by th... |
Gravitational wave astronomy has recently emerged as a new way to study our Universe. In this work, we survey the potential of gravitational wave interferometers to detect macroscopic astrophysical objects comprising the dark matter. |
We examine a sample of 65 galaxies in the Virgo cluster with negative radial velocities relative to the Local Group. Some features of this sample are pointed out. |
We calculate the gravitational wave (GW) background spectra from kink propagation and kink-kink collisions on infinite cosmic superstrings. We take into account two characteristics of the cosmic superstring network: a small reconnection probability and Y-junctions. |
We studied the evolution of the gas kinematics of galaxies by performing hydrodynamical simulations in a cosmological scenario. We paid special attention to the origin of the scatter of the Tully-Fisher relation and the features which could be associated with mergers and interactions. |
The Cosmological Gravitational Wave Background (CGWB) anisotropies contain valuable information about the physics of the early universe. Given that General Relativity is intrinsically nonlinear, it is important to look beyond first-order contributions in cosmological perturbations. |
With the imagery from GALEX, HST, 2MASS, and Spitzer, and at the resolution of MIPS 24 micron(~6"), we study the variations of the broadband spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of star-forming regions within the nearest prototypal major merger -- the Antennae galaxies. By including MIPS 24 micron dust emission in... |
Measuring the full three-dimensional motions of extra-galactic objects in the Universe presents a seemingly insurmountable challenge. In this paper we investigate the application of a technique to measure tangential motion that has previously only been applied nearby within the Local Group of galaxies, to clusters of ... |
We report the morphological classification of 3727 galaxies from the Galaxy and Mass Assembly survey with M_r < -17.4 mag and in the redshift range 0.025 < z < 0.06 (2.1 x 10^5 Mpc^3 ) into E, S0-Sa, SB0-SBa, Sab-Scd, SBab-SBcd, Sd-Irr and little blue spheroid classes. Approximately 70% of galaxies in our sam... |
In the framework of the stochastic theory for hierarchical clustering, we investigate the time-dependent solutions of the Fokker-Planck equation describing the statistics of dark matter halos, and discuss the typical timescales needed for these to converge toward stationary states, far away enough from initial conditio... |
Primordial magnetic fields (PMFs) may significantly influence 21-cm physics via two mechanisms: (i) magnetic heating of the intergalactic medium (IGM) through ambipolar diffusion (AD) and decaying magnetohydrodynamic turbulence (DT), |
We study the mass-richness relation using galaxy catalogues and images from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. We use two independent methods, in the first one, we calibrate the scaling relation with weak-lensing mass estimates. |
In multi-field inflation one or more non-adiabatic modes may become light, potentially inducing large levels of isocurvature perturbations in the cosmic microwave background. If in addition these light modes are coupled to the adiabatic mode, they influence its evolution on super horizon scales. |
We present new measurements of the temperature-density (T-rho) relation for neutral hydrogen in the 2.0 < z < 2.8 intergalactic medium (IGM) using a sample of ~6000 individual HI absorbers fitted with Voigt profiles constrained in all cases by multiple Lyman series transitions. We find model independent evidence... |
The galaxy cluster SPT-CL J0205-5829 currently has the highest spectroscopically-confirmed redshift, z=1.322, in the South Pole Telescope Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SPT-SZ) survey. XMM-Newton observations measure a core-excluded temperature of Tx=8.7keV producing a mass estimate that is consistent with the Sunyaev-Zel... |
The current discrepancy between the CMB and weak lensing measurements of the amplitude of matter fluctuations, the so-called $S_8$ tension, has attracted a great deal of recent attention, as it may show a crack in the $\Lambda$CDM model of cosmology. We review the evidence for this tension and describe potential solut... |
The Coma cluster of galaxies hosts the brightest radio halo known and has therefore been the target of numerous searches for associated inverse Compton (IC) emission, particularly at hard X-ray energies where the IC signal must eventually dominate over thermal emission. The most recent search with the Suzaku Hard X-ra... |
The frequently observed lopsidedness of the distribution of stars and gas in disc galaxies is still considered as a major problem in galaxy dynamics. It is even discussed as an imprint of the formation history of discs and the evolution of baryons in dark matter haloes. |
We study the generation and evolution of magnetic field in the presence of chiral imbalance and gravitational anomaly which gives an additional contribution to the vortical current. The contribution due to gravitational anomaly is proportional to $T^2$ which can generate a seed magnetic field irrespective of plasma be... |
We present a new deep optical study of a luminosity limited sample of nearby elliptical galaxies, attempting to observe the effects of gravitational interactions on the ISM of these objects. This study is motivated by recent observations of M86, a nearby elliptical galaxy that shows possible evidence for gas heating t... |
We study the intergalactic transmission of radiation in the vicinity of the Ly{\alpha} wavelength. Simulating sightlines through the intergalactic medium (IGM) in detailed cosmological hydrosimulations, the impact of the IGM on the shape of the line profile from Ly{\alpha} emitting galaxies at redshifts 2.5 to 6.5 is ... |
We measure the cosmic shear power spectrum on large angular scales by cross-correlating the shapes of ~9 million galaxies measured in the optical SDSS survey with the shapes of ~2.7x10^5 radio galaxies measured by the overlapping VLA-FIRST survey. Our measurements span the multipole range 10 < l < 130, correspon... |
In recent years forecasting activities have become a very important tool for designing and optimising large scale structure surveys. To predict the performance of such surveys, the Fisher matrix formalism is frequently used as a fast and easy way to compute constraints on cosmological parameters. |
Nowadays, thanks to the improved precision of cosmological data, it has been possible to search for deviation from the general relativity theory with tests on large cosmic scales. Particularly, there is a class of modified gravity theories that breaks the Einstein equivalence principle (EEP) in the electromagnetic sec... |
Weak gravitational lensing is one of the most promising cosmological probes of the late universe. Several large ongoing (DES, KiDS, HSC) and planned (LSST, EUCLID, WFIRST) astronomical surveys attempt to collect even deeper and larger scale data on weak lensing. |
We present the first hydrodynamical cosmological simulations in the $\nu$HDM framework based on Milgromian dynamics (MOND) with light (11~eV) sterile neutrinos. $\nu$HDM can explain the expansion history, CMB anisotropies, and galaxy cluster dynamics similarly to standard cosmology while preserving MOND's successe... |
Because of the 3D nature of galaxies, an algorithm for constructing spatial density distribution models of galaxies on the basis of galaxy images has many advantages over surface density distribution approximations. We present a method for deriving spatial structure and overall parameters of galaxies from images and e... |
In this work, we propose a new method to inpaint the CMB signal in regions masked out following a point source extraction process. We adopt a modified Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) and compare different combinations of internal (hyper-)parameters and training strategies. |
We present a population study of several types of galaxies within the protocluster surrounding the radio galaxy MRC0316-257 at z~3.1. In addition to the known population of Ly_alpha emitters (LAEs) and [OIII] emitters, we use colour selection techniques to identify protocluster candidates that are Lyman break galaxies... |
New measurements of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) by the Planck mission have greatly increased our knowledge about the Universe. Dark radiation, a weakly interacting component of radiation, is one of the important ingredients in our cosmological model which is testable by Planck and other observational probes.... |
Combining the general relativity and the uncertainty relation in quantum mechanics, the energy density of quantum fluctuations of space-time can be viewed as dark energy. The so-called agegraphic dark energy model is just based on this viewpoint, in which the age of the universe is introduced as the length measure. |
We propose a simple technique to detect any anisotropic expansion stage in the history of the universe starting from the inflationary stage to the surface of last scattering from the CMBR data. We use the property that any anisotropic expansion in the universe would deform the shapes of the primordial density perturba... |
What are the frequency, shape, kinematics, and luminosity of Ly\alpha\ envelopes surrounding radio-quiet quasars at high redshift, and is the luminosity of these envelopes related to that of the quasar or not? As a first step towards answering these questions, we have searched for Ly\alpha\ envelopes around six radio-... |
We present the deepest far-IR observations obtained with Herschel and examine the 3-500um SEDs of galaxies at 0<z<2.5, supplemented by a local reference sample from IRAS, ISO, Spitzer and AKARI data. We find that the ratio of total IR luminosity to rest-frame 8um luminosity, IR8 (=Lir/L8), follows a Gaussian dis... |
The measured CMB angular distribution shows a great consistency with the LCDM model. However, isotropy violations were reported in CMB temperature maps of both WMAP and Planck data. |
We investigate how unified models should be built to be able to predict the matter-density bispectrum (and power spectrum) from very large to small scales and that are at the same time consistent with perturbation theory at low $k$ and with halo models at high $k$. We use a Lagrangian framework to decompose the bispec... |
Although cosmological observations suggest that the fluctuations of seed fields are almost Gaussian, the possibility of a small deviation of their fields from Gaussianity is widely discussed. Theoretically, there exist numerous inflationary scenarios which predict large and characteristic non-Gaussianities in the prim... |
We use ZENS data at low redshift to study the dependence of the quenched satellite fraction and of the morphological mix of these quenched satellites, on three different environmental parameters: group halo mass, halo-centric distance and large-scale structure over-density. The fraction of quenched satellites is indep... |
We investigate scaling relations between the dark matter (DM) halo model parameters for a sample of intermediate redshift early - type galaxies (ETGs) resorting to a combined analysis of Einstein radii and aperture velocity dispersions. Modeling the dark halo with a Navarro - Frenk - White profile and assuming a Salpe... |
Dark Energy is the largest fraction of the energy density of our Universe - yet it remains one of the enduring enigmas of our times. Here we show that Dark Energy can be used to solve 2 tantalizing mysteries of the observable universe. |
It is generally assumed within the standard cosmological model that initial density perturbations are Gaussian at all scales. However, primordial quantum diffusion unavoidably generates non-Gaussian, exponential tails in the distribution of inflationary perturbations. |
Stellar populations carry information about the formation of galaxies and their evolution up to the present epoch. A wealth of observational data are available nowadays, which are analysed with stellar population models in order to obtain key properties such as ages, star formation histories, stellar masses. |
Using gamma-ray bursts as standard candles for cosmological parameter constraints rely on their empirical luminosity relations and low-redshift calibration. In this paper, we examine the Amati relation and its potential corrections based on the A118 sample of higher-quality gamma-ray bursts, using both Hubble data set... |
Cosmological models and their parameters are widely debated because of theoretical and observational mismatches of the standard cosmological model, especially the current discrepancy between the value of the Hubble constant, $H_{0}$, obtained by Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia), and the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation... |
A plethora of observational data obtained over the last couple of decades has allowed cosmology to enter into a precision era and has led to the foundation of the standard cosmological constant and cold dark matter paradigm, known as the $\Lambda$CDM model. Given the many possible extensions of this concordance model,... |
The search for diffuse non-thermal, inverse Compton (IC) emission from galaxy clusters at hard X-ray energies has been underway for many years, with most detections being either of low significance or controversial. In this work, we investigate 14-195 keV spectra from the Swift Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) all-sky surv... |
The origin of the bimodality in cluster core entropy is still unknown. At the same time, recent work has shown that thermal conduction in clusters is likely a time-variable phenomenon. |
We constrain cosmological and galaxy-bias parameters using the combination of galaxy clustering and galaxy-galaxy lensing measurements from the Dark Energy Survey Year-3 data. We describe our modeling framework, and choice of scales analyzed, validating their robustness to theoretical uncertainties in small-scale clus... |
In order to generate more than 60 e-folds of accelerated expansion in original hybrid inflation, 2-fields trajectories are usually required to be initially fine-tuned in a very narrow band along the inflationary valley or in some isolated points outside it. From a more precise investigation of the dynamics, these poin... |
We study two classes of single-field inflationary models - a generalization of the alpha-attractor and the alpha-Starobinsky model - and examine their compatibility with current observational data from Planck, ACT DR6, and BAO measurements from DESI DR2. Our analysis focuses on the reheating phase that follows inflati... |
We introduce a mass dependent density profile to describe the distribution of dark matter within galaxies, which takes into account the stellar-to-halo mass dependence of the response of dark matter to baryonic processes. The study is based on the analysis of hydrodynamically simulated galaxies from dwarf to Milky Way... |
We report results from an analysis aimed at detecting the trispectrum of the kinematic Sunyaev-Zel{'}dovich (kSZ) effect by combining data from the South Pole Telescope (SPT) and {\it Herschel}-SPIRE experiments over a 100 ${\rm deg}^{2}$ field. The SPT observations combine data from the previous and current surve... |
We discuss the central role played by the X-ray study of hot baryons within galaxy clusters to reconstruct the assembly of cosmic structures and to trace the past history of star formation and accretion onto supermassive Black Holes (BHs). We shortly review the progress in this field contributed by the current generat... |
Inflation with an inflection point potential is a popular model for producing primordial black holes. The potential near the inflection point is approximately flat, with a local maximum next to a local minimum, prone to eternal inflation. |
In this paper, we investigate the possibility of testing the weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP) dark matter (DM) models by applying the simplest phenomenological model which introduces an interaction term between dark energy (DE) and WIMP DM, i.e., $Q = 3\gamma_{DM} H\rho_{DM}$. In general, the coupling streng... |
We present recent high angular resolution (9") Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect (SZE) observations with MUSTANG, a 90-GHz bolometric receiver on the Green Bank Telescope. MUSTANG has now imaged several massive clusters of galaxies in some of the highest-resolution SZE imaging to date, revealing complex pressure subst... |
Bimetric gravity is an interesting alternative to standard GR given its potential to provide a concrete theoretical framework for a ghost-free massive gravity theory. Here we investigate a class of Bimetric gravity models for their cosmological implications. |
We present the combination of optical data from the Science Verification phase of the Dark Energy Survey (DES) with near infrared data from the ESO VISTA Hemisphere Survey (VHS). The deep optical detections from DES are used to extract fluxes and associated errors from the shallower VHS data. |
Photometric redshifts are commonly used to measure the distribution of galaxies in large surveys. However, the demands of ongoing and future large-scale cosmology surveys place very stringent limits on the redshift performance that are difficult to meet. |
The Hubble constant ($H_0$) tension is one of the biggest challenges in modern cosmology. This consists of the discrepancy, at around $5\sigma$, between the local value of $H_0$ measured through Supernovae Ia (SNe Ia) constrained with the Cepheids and the value inferred from the observations of Cosmic Microwave Backgr... |
We characterize the nonlinear evolution of the baryon acoustic feature as traced by the dark matter and halos, using a combination of perturbation theory and N-body simulations. We confirm that the acoustic peak traced by the dark matter is both broadened and shifted as structure forms, and that this shift is well des... |
Measuring dark matter substructure within galaxy cluster haloes is a fundamental probe of the Lambda-CDM model of structure formation. Gravitational lensing is a technique for measuring the total mass distribution which is independent of the nature of the gravitating matter, making it a vital tool for studying these d... |
Whereas repulsive gravity was considered as a fringe concept until the mid-1990's, the growingexperimental evidence since this epoch for repulsive gravity, in what is now called Dark Energy,for lack of a better understanding of its nature, has led to a vast literature in order to attemptto characterize this repulsi... |
We apply a recently developed method for classifying broad absorption line quasars (BALQSOs) to the latest QSO catalogue constructed from Data Release 5 of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. Our new hybrid classification scheme combines the power of simple metrics, supervised neural networks and visual inspection. |
We present the rest-frame optical morphologies of active galactic nucleus (AGN) host galaxies at 1.5<z<3, using near-infrared imaging from the Hubble Space Telescope Wide Field Camera 3, the first such study of AGN host galaxies at these redshifts. The AGN are X-ray selected from the Chandra Deep Field South and... |
We study a k-essence field evolving linearly with the cosmic time and the atypical k-essence model on a homogeneous and isotropic flat 3-brane. We show that the k-field is driven by an inverse quadratic polynomial potential. |
High-redshift quasars ionize HeII into HeIII around them, heating the IGM in the process and creating large regions with elevated temperature. In this work, we demonstrate a method based on a convolutional neural network (CNN) to recover the spatial profile for $T_0$, the temperature at the mean cosmic density, in qua... |
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