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The Hospital Information Systems (HIS) in Morocco take a central place in the process of patient care. An approach is made to analyze the current situation of the HIS within the institutions in order to bring an integral and generic vision, allowing the judicious articulation of the business and IT layers.
The competitive advantages in a knowledge-based economy can no longer be attributed to single nodes in the network. Political economies are increasingly reshaped by knowledge-based developments that upset market equilibria and institutional arrangements.
This research examines the impact of robotics groups in higher education, focusing on how these activities influence the development of transversal skills and academic motivation. While robotics goes beyond just technical knowledge, participation in these groups has been observed to significantly improve skills such a...
Google AI systems exhibit patterns mirroring antisocial personality disorder (ASPD), consistent across models from Bard on PaLM to Gemini Advanced, meeting 5 out of 7 ASPD modified criteria. These patterns, along with comparable corporate behaviors, are scrutinized using an ASPD-inspired framework, emphasizing the heu...
Owing to recorded incidents of Information technology inclined organisations failing to respond effectively to threat incidents, this project outlines the benefits of conducting a comprehensive risk assessment which would aid proficiency in responding to potential threats. The ultimate goal is primarily to identify, q...
Problems broadly known as algorithmic bias frequently occur in the context of complex socio-technical systems (STS), where observed biases may not be directly attributable to a single automated decision algorithm. As a first investigation of fairness in STS, we focus on the case of Wikipedia.
Previous research on spreadsheet risks has predominantly focussed on errors inadvertently introduced by spreadsheet writers i.e. it focussed on the end-user aspects of spreadsheet development. When analyzing a faulty spreadsheet, one might not be able to determine whether a particular error (fault) has been made by mi...
The gigantic complexity and heterogeneity of today's advanced cyber-physical systems and systems of systems is multiplied by the use of avant-garde computing architectures to employ artificial intelligence based autonomy in the system. Here, the overall system's reliability comes along with requirements for fa...
We describe a general stochastic processes-based approach to modeling user-contributory web sites, where users create, rate and share content. These models describe aggregate measures of activity and how they arise from simple models of individual users.
The tutor-web drilling system is designed for learning so there are typically no limits on the number of attempts at improving performance. This system is used at multiple schools and universities in Iceland and Kenya, mostly for mathematics and statistics.
This study examines a human-based approach for knowledge retention that is evolving through various knowledge sharing channels in a low-technology environment with a strong emphasis on social networks in a loosely-coupled inter-organisational government-industry collaboration focused on regional sustainability. Using ...
Artificial Intelligence (AI) holds transformative potential in education, enabling personalized learning, enhancing inclusivity, and encouraging creativity and curiosity. In this paper, we explore how Large Language Models (LLMs) can act as both patient tutors and collaborative partners to enhance education delivery.
AI systems may have transformative and long-term effects on individuals and society. To manage these impacts responsibly and direct the development of AI systems toward optimal public benefit, considerations of AI ethics and governance must be a first priority.
We are seeing more and more organizations undertaking activities to engage dispersed populations through IS. Using the knowledge-based view of the organization, this work conceptualizes a theory of Crowd Capital to explain this phenomenon.
YouTube is a popular video platform for sharing creative content and ideas, targeting different demographics. Adults, older children, and young children are all avid viewers of YouTube videos.
We develop a means to detect ongoing per-country anomalies in the daily usage metrics of the Tor anonymous communication network, and demonstrate the applicability of this technique to identifying likely periods of internet censorship and related events. The presented approach identifies contiguous anomalous periods, ...
This paper investigates how to best compare algorithms for predicting chronic homelessness for the purpose of identifying good candidates for housing programs. Predictive methods can rapidly refer potentially chronic shelter users to housing but also sometimes incorrectly identify individuals who will not become chron...
Here we present a method to combine half-hourly publicly available electrical generation and interconnector operational data for Great Britain to create a timeseries that approximates its electrical demand. We term the calculated electrical demand ESPENI that is an acronym for Elexon Sum Plus Embedded Net Imports.
Our study presents an intermediate-level modeling approach that bridges the gap between complex Agent-Based Models (ABMs) and traditional compartmental models for infectious diseases. We introduce "super-agents" to simulate infection spread in cities, reducing computational complexity while retaining individua...
This article examines how unequal access to AI innovation creates systemic challenges for developing countries. Differential access to AI innovation results from the acute competition between domestic and global actors.
The early 2020s has seen the rise of two strange and potentially quite impactful social phenomena, namely pseudolaw, where users rely upon pseudolegal arguments that mimic the form and ritual of legal argumentation but fundamentally distort the content of law, and generative AI/LLMs, which generate content that uses pr...
Natural crises form a big threat on environment; these crises mean the loss of enterprises and individuals, and therefore losses in the sum total of community development. Management to these crises is required through a crisis management plan to control the crises before, during, and after the event.
Consider a scenario where an author-e.g., activist, whistle-blower, with many public writings wishes to write "anonymously" when attackers may have already built an authorship attribution (AA) model based off of public writings including those of the author. To enable her wish, we ask a question "Can one m...
Her Majestys Revenue & Customs (HMRC) was born out of the need to create a UK tax authority by merging both the Inland Revenue and HM Customs & Excise into one department. HMRC encounters spreadsheets in tax-payers systems on a very regular basis as well as being a heavy user of spreadsheets internally.
Knowing the current situation on every road in an area is still difficult to anticipate. Commuters, riders, and drivers are still dependent on road situations from a local news agency to be well informed and be updated on possible road updates such as vehicular accidents, government road and bridge projects/constructi...
The rapid growth of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has underscored the urgent need for responsible AI practices. Despite increasing interest, a comprehensive AI risk assessment toolkit remains lacking.
Functional technical performance usually follows an exponential dependence on time but the rate of change (the exponent) varies greatly among technological domains. This paper presents a simple model that provides an explanatory foundation for these phenomena based upon the inventive design process.
High-quality computer science (CS) instruction is essential for preparing students to thrive in an increasingly technology-driven world. This research brief presents findings from a six-year longitudinal study of CS enrollments in seven public high schools from the 2018-2019 through the 2023-2024 academic years, drawi...
Internet censorship is enforced by numerous governments worldwide, however, due to the lack of publicly available information, as well as the inherent risks of performing active measurements, it is often hard for the research community to investigate censorship practices in the wild. Thus, the leak of 600GB worth of l...
This paper explores the changes that pervasive AI is having on the nature of combat. We look beyond the substitution of AI for experts to an approach where complementary human and machine abilities are blended.
AI's integration into education promises to equip teachers with data-driven insights and intervene in student learning. Despite the intended advancements, there is a lack of understanding of interactions and emerging dynamics in classrooms where various stakeholders including teachers, students, and AI, collaborat...
Multiple news sources over the years have reported on the problematic effects of Digital Rights Management, yet there are no reforms for DRM development, simply removal. The issues are well-known to the public, frequently repeated even when addressed: impact on the software and to the devices that run them.
Popularity of content in social media is unequally distributed, with some items receiving a disproportionate share of attention from users. Predicting which newly-submitted items will become popular is critically important for both hosts of social media content and its consumers.
If an active citizen should increasingly be a computationally enlightened one, replacing the autonomy of reason with the heteronomy of algorithms, then I argue in this article that we must begin teaching the principles of critiquing the computal through new notions of what we might call digital Bildung. Indeed, if civ...
While automated experiments and high-throughput methods are becoming more mainstream in the age of data, empowering individual researchers to capture, collate, and contextualize their data faster and more reproducibly still remains a challenge in science. Despite the abundance of software products to help digitize and...
Neuro-Symbolic Artificial Intelligence (AI) is an emerging and quickly advancing field that combines the subsymbolic strengths of (deep) neural networks and explicit, symbolic knowledge contained in knowledge graphs to enhance explainability and safety in AI systems. This approach addresses a key criticism of current ...
There are countless reasons cited in scientific studies to explain the difficulties in programming learning. The reasons range from the subject's complexity, the ineffective teaching and study methods, to psychological aspects such as demotivation.
Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) have been used by students as a low-cost and low-touch educational credential in a variety of fields. Understanding the grading mechanisms behind these course assignments is important for evaluating MOOC credentials.
Although there are obstacles related to obtaining data, ensuring model precision, and upholding ethical standards, the advantages of utilizing machine learning to generate predictive models for unemployment rates in developing nations amid the implementation of Industry 4.0 (I4.0) are noteworthy. This research delves ...
In recent years we have explored using Haskell alongside a traditional mathematical formalism in our large-enrolment university course on topics including logic and formal languages, aiming to offer our students a programming perspective on these mathematical topics. We have found it possible to offer almost all forma...
Despite the astonishing success of COVID-19 vaccines against the virus, a substantial proportion of the population is still hesitant to be vaccinated, undermining governmental efforts to control the virus. To address this problem, we need to understand the different factors giving rise to such a behavior, including so...
Energy management, and in particular its optimization, is one of the hot trends in the current days, both at the enterprise level (optimization of whole corporate/government buildings) and single citizens' homes. The current trend is to provide knowledge about the micro(scopic) energy consumption.
Every legal case sets a precedent by developing the law in one of the following two ways. It either expands its scope, in which case it sets positive precedent, or it narrows it, in which case it sets negative precedent.
This paper explores the evolution of occupations within the context of industry and technology life cycles, highlighting the critical yet underexplored intersection between occupational trends and broader economic dynamics. Introducing the Occupation Life Cycle (OLC) model, we delineate five stages (i.e., growth, peak...
The intrusiveness and the increasing invasiveness of online advertising have, in the last few years, raised serious concerns regarding user privacy and Web usability. As a reaction to these concerns, we have witnessed the emergence of a myriad of ad-blocking and anti-tracking tools, whose aim is to return control to u...
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is increasingly used in critical applications. Thus, the need for dependable AI systems is rapidly growing.
Good (Frequentist) statistical practice requires that statistical tests be performed in order to determine if the phenomenon being observed could plausibly occur by chance if the null hypothesis is false. Good practice also requires that a test is not performed if the study is underpowered: if the number of observatio...
Globalization and information technology enable people to join the movement of global citizenship and work without borders. However, different type of barriers existed that could affect collaboration in todays work environment, in which different generations are involved.
We present a perspective on platforms for code submission and automated evaluation in the context of university teaching. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, such platforms have become an essential asset for remote courses and a reasonable standard for structured code submission concerning increasing numbers of students in ...
In upcoming years, the number of Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices is expected to surge up to tens of billions of physical objects. However, while the IoT is often presented as a promising solution to tackle environmental challenges, the direct environmental impacts generated over the life cycle of the physical devices...
The dataset focuses on Wikipedia users and contains information about demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of the respondents and their activity on Wikipedia. The data was collected using a questionnaire available online between June and July 2023.
Online Judge (OJ) systems are typically considered within programming-related courses as they yield fast and objective assessments of the code developed by the students. Such an evaluation generally provides a single decision based on a rubric, most commonly whether the submission successfully accomplished the assignm...
Quota-based fairness mechanisms like the so-called Rooney rule or four-fifths rule are used in selection problems such as hiring or college admission to reduce inequalities based on sensitive demographic attributes. These mechanisms are often viewed as introducing a trade-off between selection fairness and utility.
AI companies are attempting to create AI systems that outperform humans at most economically valuable work. Current AI models are already automating away the livelihoods of some artists, actors, and writers.
In addition to their security properties, adversarial machine-learning attacks and defenses have political dimensions. They enable or foreclose certain options for both the subjects of the machine learning systems and for those who deploy them, creating risks for civil liberties and human rights.
Crisis Communication is an effective communication mechanism in the world. The outbreak of the SARS disease and the way information on it was disseminated has illustrated the importance of effective and efficient crisis communication management.
Hate speech on social media is a pressing concern. Understanding the factors associated with hate speech may help mitigate it.
The European Union (EU) through the High-Level Expert Group on Artificial Intelligence (AI-HLEG) and the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) has recently posed an interesting challenge to the eXplainable AI (XAI) community, by demanding a more user-centred approach to explain Automated Decision-Making systems (AD...
Can we make undergraduate engineering education easier and more fun? This research aims to see if we can answer the ambitious question!
Social software solutions in enterprises such as IBM Connections are said to have the potential to support communication and collaboration among employees. However, companies are faced to manage the adoption of such collaborative tools and therefore need to raise the employees' acceptance and motivation.
Deterministic and nondeterministic finite automata (DFAs and NFAs) are abstract models of computation commonly taught in introductory computing theory courses. These models have important applications (such as fast regular expression matching), and are used to introduce formal language theory.
Under the current regulatory framework for data protections, the protection of human rights writ large and the corresponding outcomes are regulated largely independently from the data and tools that both threaten those rights and are needed to protect them. This separation between tools and the outcomes they generate ...
As artificial intelligence and machine learning continue to advance, we must understand their strategic importance in national security. This paper focuses on unique AI applications in the military, emphasizes strategic imperatives for success, and aims to rekindle excitement about AI's role in national security.
Innovation and technology management is an inevitable issue in the high end technological and innovative organizations. Today, most of the innovations are limited with developed countries like USA, Japan and Europe while developing countries are still behind in the field of innovation and management of technology.
Improving access to essential public services like healthcare and education is crucial for human development, particularly in rural Sub-Saharan Africa. However, limited reliable transportation and sparse public facilities present significant challenges.
Blockchain technology is developing using in reliable applications which can be designed to achieve decentralization and trustless. Based on the open network innovation theory, this paper proposes a technical intermediary management idea based on blockchain technology to improve the efficiency of technology intermedia...
Replication crises have shaken the scientific landscape during the last decade. As potential solutions, open science practices were heavily discussed and have been implemented with varying success in different disciplines.
Research software plays a crucial role in advancing scientific knowledge, but ensuring its sustainability, maintainability, and long-term viability is an ongoing challenge. To address these concerns, the Sustainable Research Software Institute (SRSI) Model presents a comprehensive framework designed to promote sustain...
We describe the findings of a survey that covered the topics of stress, citation tool use habits, subjective happiness, h-index, research topic and tenure among a sample of 2286 authors of <a href="http://arxiv.org" class="link-internal link-http">arxiv.org</a>. Ph.D. students report the lowest subjective happiness sc...
Learning analytics have been argued as a key enabler to improving student learning at scale. Yet, despite considerable efforts by the learning analytics community across the world over the past decade, the evidence to support that claim is hitherto scarce, as is the demand from educators to adopt it into their practic...
While traditional radio stations are subject to extensive government regulations, Internet radio stations remain largely unregulated. As Internet radio usage has increased certain stakeholders have begun to argue that these Internet radio broadcasters are providing significant and diverse programming to American audie...
In recent years, there has been considerable effort to promote gender balance in the academic environment of Computer Science (CS). However, there is still a gender gap at all CS academic levels: from students, to PhD candidates, to faculty members.
The use of counterfactuals for considerations of algorithmic fairness and explainability is gaining prominence within the machine learning community and industry. This paper argues for more caution with the use of counterfactuals when the facts to be considered are social categories such as race or gender.
While domestic violence (DV) is prevalent in all socioeconomic settings, identity highly impacts how one experiences and recovers from abuse. This work examines US-based Muslim women's challenges when seeking help and healing from domestic violence.
Surveillance is a process that observes behaviour, recognises properties and identifies individuals. It has become a commonplace phenomenon in our everyday life.
Text-to-speech technology has been broadly used to help people with voice disabilities to overcome their difficulties. With text-to-speech, a person types at a keyboard, the text is synthesized, and the sound comes out through the computer speakers.
The rapid advancement of Generative AI (Gen-AI) is transforming Human-Computer Interaction (HCI), with significant implications across various sectors. This study investigates the public's perception of Sora OpenAI, a pioneering Gen-AI video generation tool, via social media discussions on Reddit before its releas...
This study examines the impact of Digital-GenAI-Enhanced Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) in DevOps on sustainable innovation performance among Chinese A-share internet technology firms. Using panel data from 2018-2024, we analyze 5,560 firm-year observations from CNRDS and CSMAR databases.
The multidisciplinary nature of response robotics has brought about a diversified research community with extended expertise. Motivated by the recent accelerated rate of publications in the field, this paper analyzes the technical content, statistics, and implications of the literature from bibliometric standpoints.
The intensive flow of personal data associated with the trend of computerizing aspects of people's diversity in their daily lives is associated with issues concerning not only people protection and their trust in new technologies, but also bias in the analysis of data and problems in their management and reuse. Fa...
Medical Artificial Intelligence (AI) involves the application of machine learning algorithms to biomedical datasets in order to improve medical practices. Products incorporating medical AI require certification before deployment in most jurisdictions.
This paper discusses an open source solution to smart-parking in highly urbanized areas. Interviews have been conducted with domain experts, user stories defined and a system architecture has been proposed with a case study.
Volunteered Geographic Information projects like OpenStreetMap which allow accessing and using the raw data, are a treasure trove for investigations - e.g. cultural topics, urban planning, or accessibility of services. Among the concerns are the reliability and accurateness of the data.
The diversity and density of urban functions have been known to affect urban vibrancy positively, but the relation between the two has not been empirically examined; if high density is associated with low diversity in an area, its vibrancy may not increase. To obtain a better understanding of the metabolism of cities ...
Background. Expert observers and artificial intelligence (AI) progression metrics indicate AI will exceed human intelligence within a few decades.
The challenge of establishing assurance in autonomy is rapidly attracting increasing interest in the industry, government, and academia. Autonomy is a broad and expansive capability that enables systems to behave without direct control by a human operator.
The Internet of Mobile Things encompasses stream data being generated by sensors, network communications that pull and push these data streams, as well as running processing and analytics that can effectively leverage actionable information for transportation planning, management, and business advantage. Edge computin...
Large-scale location based traces, such as mobile phone data, have been identified as a promising data source to complement or even enrich official statistics. In many cases, a prerequisite step to deploy the massively gathered data is the detection of home location from individual users.
This paper introduces a relational perspective on ethics within the context of Feminist Digital Civics and community-led design. Ethics work in HCI has primarily focused on prescriptive machine ethics and bioethics principles rather than people.
The purpose of this study is proposing a model to determine the gaps between security standards requirements and the reality of implementation ISMS. The research approach analyzes the various industry standards relevant to information security and responses gained from interviewing with 45 individuals of IT profession...
The article presents the authors' organizational model of blended learning on the basis of existing models of learning at higher educational establishments. The model provides for using the learning management system and reflects current developments of ICT use theory and methodology.
Understanding students' programming misconceptions is critical. Doing so depends on identifying the reasons why students make errors when learning a new programming language.
The concept of local self-governance is not new as it has its roots in ancient time even before the era of Mauryan emperors. This paper depicts the journey of local self-governance from antediluvian time to 21st century.
Data stewardship has become a critical component of modern data governance, especially with the growing use of artificial intelligence (AI). Despite its increasing importance, the concept of data stewardship remains ambiguous and varies in its application.
Transportation of hazardous materials represent a high risk operation all over the world. Flammable substances such as oil, kerosene, hydrocarbons, ammonium nitrate or toxic products are shipped every day on busy roads by trucks.
This paper presents a flexible standalone, low-cost smart home system, which is based on the Android app communicating with the micro-web server providing more than the switching functionalities. The Arduino Ethernet is used to eliminate the use of a personal computer (PC) keeping the cost of the overall system to a m...
Responding to emergencies in Alpine terrain is quite challenging as air ambulances and mountain rescue services are often confronted with logistics challenges and adverse weather conditions that extend the response times required to provide life-saving support. Among other medical emergencies, sudden cardiac arrest (S...
In this paper, we focus on studying the appearing time of different kinds of cars on the road. This information will enable us to infer the life style of the car owners.
Future societal systems will be characterized by heterogeneous human behaviors and also collective action. The interaction between local systems and global systems will be complex.
Artificial intelligence is already being applied in and impacting many important sectors in society, including healthcare, finance, and policing. These applications will increase as AI capabilities continue to progress, which has the potential to be highly beneficial for society, or to cause serious harm.

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