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Malware is a pervasive problem in both personal computing devices and distributed computing systems. Identification of malware variants and their families others a great benefit in early detection resulting in a reduction of the analyses time needed. |
With the rapid development of the Internet of Things, there are many interacting devices and applications. One crucial challenge is how to provide security. |
The rapid advancements of large language models (LLMs) have raised public concerns about the privacy leakage of personally identifiable information (PII) within their extensive training datasets. Recent studies have demonstrated that an adversary could extract highly sensitive privacy data from the training data of LL... |
Contactless technologies such as RFID, NFC, and sensor networks are vulnerable to mafia and distance frauds. Both frauds aim at passing an authentication protocol by cheating on the actual distance between the prover and the verifier. |
Organizations use privacy policies to communicate their data collection practices to their clients. A privacy policy is a set of statements that specifies how an organization gathers, uses, discloses, and maintains a client's data. |
In order to detect unknown intrusions and runtime errors of computer programs, the cyber-security community has developed various detection techniques. Anomaly detection is an approach that is designed to profile the normal runtime behavior of computer programs in order to detect intrusions and errors as anomalous dev... |
Threat actors can be persistent, motivated and agile, and leverage a diversified and extensive set of tactics and techniques to attain their goals. In response to that, defenders establish threat intelligence programs to stay threat-informed and lower risk. |
Security is considered one of the top ranked risks of Cloud Computing (CC) due to the outsourcing of sensitive data onto a third party. In addition, the complexity of the cloud model results in a large number of heterogeneous security controls that must be consistently managed. |
Fully supervised continual learning methods have shown improved attack traffic detection in a closed-world learning setting. However, obtaining fully annotated data is an arduous task in the security domain. |
Privately learning statistics of events on devices can enable improved user experience. Differentially private algorithms for such problems can benefit significantly from interactivity. |
The rogue DHCP is unauthorized server that releases the incorrect IP address to users and sniffs the traffic illegally. The contribution specially provides privacy to users and enhances the security aspects of mobile supported collaborative framework (MSCF) explained in [24]. |
Lyra2REv2 is a hashing algorithm that consists of a chain of individual hashing algorithms, and it is used as a proof-of-work function in several cryptocurrencies. The most crucial and exotic hashing algorithm in the Lyra2REv2 chain is a specific instance of the general Lyra2 algorithm. |
We consider a prediction market in which all aspects are controlled by market forces, in particular the correct outcomes of events are decided by the market itself rather than by trusted arbiters. This kind of a decentralized prediction market can sustain betting on events whose outcome may remain unresolved for a lon... |
Smart toys have captured an increasing share of the toy market, and are growing ubiquitous in households with children. Smart toys are a subset of Internet of Things (IoT) devices, containing sensors, actuators, and/or artificial intelligence capabilities. |
In this paper, we deal with the proof of ownership or legitimate usage of a digital content, such as an image, in order to tackle the illegitimate copy. The proposed scheme based on the combination of the watermark-ing and cancelable biometrics does not require a trusted third party, all the exchanges are between the ... |
Federated learning enables isolated clients to train a shared model collaboratively by aggregating the locally-computed gradient updates. However, privacy information could be leaked from uploaded gradients and be exposed to malicious attackers or an honest-but-curious server. |
Deep learning offers a promising solution to improve spectrum access techniques by utilizing data-driven approaches to manage and share limited spectrum resources for emerging applications. For several of these applications, the sensitive wireless data (such as spectrograms) are stored in a shared database or multista... |
The transistors used to construct Integrated Circuits (ICs) continue to shrink. While this shrinkage improves performance and density, it also reduces trust: the price to build leading-edge fabrication facilities has skyrocketed, forcing even nation states to outsource the fabrication of high-performance ICs. |
Domain squatting is a technique used by attackers to create domain names for phishing sites. In recent phishing attempts, we have observed many domain names that use multiple techniques to evade existing methods for domain squatting. |
Contact tracing has historically been used to retard the spread of infectious diseases, but if it is exercised by hand in large-scale, it is known to be a resource-intensive and quite deficient process. Nowadays, digital contact tracing has promptly emerged as an indispensable asset in the global fight against the cor... |
Recent studies reveal that local differential privacy (LDP) protocols are vulnerable to data poisoning attacks where an attacker can manipulate the final estimate on the server by leveraging the characteristics of LDP and sending carefully crafted data from a small fraction of controlled local clients. This vulnerabil... |
As machine learning as a service continues gaining popularity, concerns about privacy and intellectual property arise. Users often hesitate to disclose their private information to obtain a service, while service providers aim to protect their proprietary models. |
Several learnable image encryption schemes have been developed for privacy-preserving image classification. This paper focuses on the security block-based image encryption methods that are learnable and JPEG-friendly. |
IP networks became the most dominant type of information networks nowadays. It provides a number of services and makes it easy for users to be connected. |
The emerging Internet of Things (IoT) drastically increases the number of connected devices in homes, workplaces and smart city infrastructures. This drives a need for means to not only ensure confidentiality of device-related communications, but for device configuration and management---ensuring that only legitimate ... |
Spam messes up users inbox, consumes resources and spread attacks like DDoS, MiM, phishing etc. Phishing is a byproduct of email and causes financial loss to users and loss of reputation to financial institutions. |
In rank-metric cryptography, a vector from a finite dimensional linear space over a finite field is viewed as the linear space spanned by its entries. The rank decoding problem which is the analogue of the problem of decoding a random linear code consists in recovering a basis of a random noise vector that was used to... |
Data deduplication is able to effectively identify and eliminate redundant data and only maintain a single copy of files and chunks. Hence, it is widely used in cloud storage systems to save storage space and network bandwidth. |
Obfuscation of computer programs has historically been approached either as a practical but \textit{ad hoc} craft to make reverse engineering subjectively difficult, or as a sound theoretical investigation unfortunately detached from the numerous existing constraints of engineering practical systems. <br>In this paper... |
Critical and sophisticated cyberattacks often take multitudes of reconnaissance, exploitations, and obfuscation techniques to penetrate through well protected enterprise networks. The discovery and detection of attacks, though needing continuous efforts, is no longer sufficient. |
We introduce HackSynth, a novel Large Language Model (LLM)-based agent capable of autonomous penetration testing. HackSynth's dual-module architecture includes a Planner and a Summarizer, which enable it to generate commands and process feedback iteratively. |
In the recent years, we have witnessed a huge growth in the number of Internet of Things (IoT) and edge devices being used in our everyday activities. This demands the security of these devices from cyber attacks to be improved to protect its users. |
A TPM (trusted platform module) is a chip present mostly on newer motherboards, and its primary function is to create, store and work with cryptographic keys. This dedicated chip can serve to authenticate other devices or to protect encryption keys used by various software applications. |
Android applications are frequently plagiarized or repackaged, and software obfuscation is a recommended protection against these practices. However, there is very little data on the overall rates of app obfuscation, the techniques used, or factors that lead to developers to choose to obfuscate their apps. |
This paper proposes a novel multi-layer blockchain architecture for the cross-border trading of CBDCs. The permissioned layer-2, by relying on the public consensus of the underlying network, assures the security and integrity of the transactions and ensures interoperability with domestic CBDCs implementations. |
Investigating efficiently the data collected from a system's activity can help to detect malicious attempts and better understand the context behind past incident occurrences. Nowadays, several solutions can be used to monitor system activities to detect probable abnormalities and malfunctions. |
Protocol dialects are methods for modifying protocols that provide light-weight security, especially against easy attacks that can lead to more serious ones. A lingo is a dialect's key security component by making attackers unable to "speak" the lingo. |
Phishing websites are still a major threat in today's Internet ecosystem. Despite numerous previous efforts, similarity-based detection methods do not offer sufficient protection for the trusted websites - in particular against unseen phishing pages. |
Social virtual reality is an emerging medium of communication. In this medium, a user's avatar (virtual representation) is controlled by the tracked motion of the user's headset and hand controllers. |
The 2019 Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by a quick dissemination of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has had a deep impact worldwide, both in terms of the loss of human life and the economic and social disruption. The use of digital technologies has been seen as an imp... |
In this paper, we apply machine learning to distributed private data owned by multiple data owners, entities with access to non-overlapping training datasets. We use noisy, differentially-private gradients to minimize the fitness cost of the machine learning model using stochastic gradient descent. |
Android is the most widely deployed end-user focused operating system. With its growing set of use cases encompassing communication, navigation, media consumption, entertainment, finance, health, and access to sensors, actuators, cameras, or microphones, its underlying security model needs to address a host of practic... |
Phishing attacks continue to be a significant threat on the Internet. Prior studies show that it is possible to determine whether a website is phishing or not just by analyzing its URL more carefully. |
We demonstrate that game-theoretic calculations serve as a useful tool for assisting cyber wargaming teams in identifying useful strategies. We note a significant similarity between formulating cyber wargaming strategies and the methodology known in military practice as Course of Action (COA) generation. |
A large chunk of research on the security issues of neural networks is focused on adversarial attacks. However, there exists a vast sea of simpler attacks one can perform both against and with neural networks. |
Differentially private triangle counting in graphs is essential for analyzing connection patterns and calculating clustering coefficients while protecting sensitive individual information. Previous works have relied on either central or local models to enforce differential privacy. |
Currently, there is a burgeoning demand for deploying deep learning (DL) models on ubiquitous edge Internet of Things (IoT) devices attributed to their low latency and high privacy preservation. However, DL models are often large in size and require large-scale computation, which prevents them from being placed direct... |
Privacy policies are crucial in the online ecosystem, defining how services handle user data and adhere to regulations such as GDPR and CCPA. However, their complexity and frequent updates often make them difficult for stakeholders to understand and analyze. |
Logic locking is a prominent technique to protect the integrity of hardware designs throughout the integrated circuit design and fabrication flow. However, in recent years, the security of locking schemes has been thoroughly challenged by the introduction of various deobfuscation attacks. |
Recently, a novel method known as Page Spray emerges, focusing on page-level exploitation for kernel vulnerabilities. Despite the advantages it offers in terms of exploitability, stability, and compatibility, comprehensive research on Page Spray remains scarce. |
Transparent authentication (TA) schemes are those in which a user is authenticated by a verifier without requiring explicit user interaction. By doing so, those schemes promise high usability and security simultaneously. |
Secure communication is a necessity. However, encryption is commonly only applied to the upper layers of the protocol stack. |
In this paper, a new method is presented to compute the 2-adic complexity of pseudo-random sequences. With this method, the 2-adic complexities of all the known sequences with ideal 2-level autocorrelation are uniformly determined. |
According to the Symantec and F-Secure threat reports, mobile malware development in 2013 and 2014 has continued to focus almost exclusively ~99% on the Android platform. Malware writers are applying stealthy mutations (obfuscations) to create malware variants, thwarting detection by signature based detectors. |
Access control is a critical component of computer security, governing access to system resources. However, designing policies and roles in traditional access control can be challenging and difficult to maintain in dynamic and complex systems, which is particularly problematic for organizations with numerous resources... |
An exciting new development in differential privacy is the shuffled model, in which an anonymous channel enables non-interactive, differentially private protocols with error much smaller than what is possible in the local model, while relying on weaker trust assumptions than in the central model. In this paper, we stu... |
Peer-to-peer (P2P) botnets have become one of the major threats in network security for serving as the infrastructure that responsible for various of cyber-crimes. Though a few existing work claimed to detect traditional botnets effectively, the problem of detecting P2P botnets involves more challenges. |
With the advent of the Internet of Things (IoT), e-health has become one of the main topics of research. Due to the sensitivity of patient information, patient privacy seems challenging. |
Large vision-language models (LVLMs) have been rapidly developed and widely used in various fields, but the (potential) stereotypical bias in the model is largely unexplored. In this study, we present a pioneering measurement framework, $\texttt{ModSCAN}$, to $\underline{SCAN}$ the stereotypical bias within LVLMs from... |
These days, cyber-criminals target humans rather than machines since they try to accomplish their malicious intentions by exploiting the weaknesses of end users. Thus, human vulnerabilities pose a serious threat to the security and integrity of computer systems and data. |
Backdoor attacks have been shown to impose severe threats to real security-critical scenarios. Although previous works can achieve high attack success rates, they either require access to victim models which may significantly reduce their threats in practice, or perform visually noticeable in stealthiness. |
In our data world, a host of not necessarily trusted controllers gather data on individual subjects. To preserve her privacy and, more generally, her informational self-determination, the individual has to be empowered by giving her agency on her own data. |
Parallel supercomputer-based Monte Carlo and stochastic simulations require pseudorandom number generators that can produce distinct pseudorandom streams across many independent processes. We propose a scalable class of parallel and vectorizable pseudorandom number generators based on a non-cryptographic version of th... |
Physical unclonable functions (PUFs) are widely considered in secret key generation for resource constrained devices. However, PUFs require additional hardware overhead. |
Due to HIPAA and other privacy regulations, it is imperative to maintain patient privacy while conducting research on patient health records. In this paper, we propose AegisBlock, a patient-centric access controlled framework to share medical records with researchers such that the anonymity of the patient is maintaine... |
Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (VANETs) aim at enhancing road safety and providing a comfortable driving environment by delivering early warning and infotainment messages to the drivers. Jamming attacks, however, pose a significant threat to their performance. |
This document describes a dataset with diverse types of Denial of Service (DoS) attacks and Man-in-the-Middle (MiTM) attacks. The data is available at the following DOI <a href="https://doi.org/10.21227/mewp-g646" data-doi="10.21227/mewp-g646" class="link-https link-external" rel="external noopener nofollow">https://d... |
Human-AI conversations have gained increasing attention since the era of large language models. Consequently, more techniques, such as input/output guardrails and safety alignment, are proposed to prevent potential misuse of such Human-AI conversations. |
Advances in smart devices has witnessed major developments in many mobile applications such as Android applications. These smart devices normally interconnect to the internet using wireless technology and applications using the TFTP protocol among these wireless devices are becoming commonplace. |
Side-channel based instruction disassembly has been proposed as a low-cost and non-invasive approach for security applications such as IP infringement detection, code flow analysis, malware detection, and reconstructing unknown code from obsolete systems. However, existing approaches to side-channel based disassembly ... |
We propose Blockchain-enabled Device-enhanced Multi-access Edge Computing (BdMEC). BdMEC extends the Honeybee framework for on-demand resource pooling with blockchain technology to ensure trust, security, and accountability among devices (even when they are owned by different parties). |
The Solid specification aims to empower data subjects by giving them direct access control over their data across multiple applications. As governments are manifesting their interest in this framework for citizen empowerment and e-government services, security and privacy represent pivotal issues to be addressed. |
The maritime industry is governed by stringent environmental regulations, most notably the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL). Ensuring compliance with these regulations is difficult due to low inspection rates and the risk of data fabrication. |
Vision-language models (VLMs) have revolutionized multimodal AI applications but introduce novel security vulnerabilities that remain largely unexplored. We present the first comprehensive study of steganographic prompt injection attacks against VLMs, where malicious instructions are invisibly embedded within images u... |
Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) are integrated circuits that implement reconfigurable hardware. They are used in modern systems, creating specialized, highly-optimized integrated circuits without the need to design and manufacture dedicated chips. |
The security provided by a firewall for a computer network almost completely depends on the rules it enforces. For over a decade, it has been a well-known and unsolved problem that the quality of many firewall rule sets is insufficient. |
Injection of transient faults can be used as a way to attack embedded systems. On embedded processors such as microcontrollers, several studies showed that such a transient fault injection with glitches or electromagnetic pulses could corrupt either the data loads from the memory or the assembly instructions executed ... |
With the rapid growth of mobile internet, mobile application, like website navigation, searching, e-Shopping and app download, etc. are all popular in worldwide. Meanwhile, it become more and more popular that traditional HTTP protocol, which is also applying in not only web browsing but also communication between mob... |
Evasion attacks against machine learning models often succeed via iterative probing of a fixed target model, whereby an attack that succeeds once will succeed repeatedly. One promising approach to counter this threat is making a model a moving target against adversarial inputs. |
Modern Internet of Things (IoT) applications generate enormous amounts of data, making data-driven machine learning essential for developing precise and reliable statistical models. However, data is often stored in silos, and strict user-privacy legislation complicates data utilization, limiting machine learning's... |
Timely detection of hardware vulnerabilities during the early design stage is critical for reducing remediation costs. Existing early detection techniques often require specialized security expertise, limiting their usability. |
The computer security research community regularly tackles ethical questions. The field of ethics / moral philosophy has for centuries considered what it means to be "morally good" or at least "morally allowed / acceptable". |
Today, two-factor authentication (2FA) is a widely implemented mechanism to counter phishing attacks. Although much effort has been investigated in 2FA, most 2FA systems are still vulnerable to carefully designed phishing attacks, and some even request special hardware, which limits their wide deployment. |
Internet of Things devices are widely adopted by the general population. People today are more connected than ever before. |
The acquisition of data from main memory or from hard disk storage is usually one of the first steps in a forensic investigation. We revisit the discussion on quality criteria for "forensically sound" acquisition of such storage and propose a new way to capture the intent to acquire an instantaneous snapshot f... |
The underground exploitation of large language models (LLMs) for malicious services (i.e., Malla) is witnessing an uptick, amplifying the cyber threat landscape and posing questions about the trustworthiness of LLM technologies. However, there has been little effort to understand this new cybercrime, in terms of its m... |
Large-scale next-generation networked systems like smart grids and vehicular networks facilitate extensive automation and autonomy through real-time communication of sensitive messages. Digital signatures are vital for such applications since they offer scalable broadcast authentication with non-repudiation. |
Recent years have seen a strong uptick in both the prevalence and real-world consequences of false information spread through online platforms. At the same time, encrypted messaging systems such as WhatsApp, Signal, and Telegram, are rapidly gaining popularity as users seek increased privacy in their digital lives. |
We introduce Private Collection Matching (PCM) problems, in which a client aims to determine whether a collection of sets owned by a server matches their interests. Existing privacy-preserving cryptographic primitives cannot solve PCM problems efficiently without harming privacy. |
We consider the problem of ensuring confidentiality of dataset properties aggregated over many records of a dataset. Such properties can encode sensitive information, such as trade secrets or demographic data, while involving a notion of data protection different to the privacy of individual records typically discusse... |
In this paper we propose a new protocol to manage multicast key distribution. The protocol is based on the use of orthogonal systems in vector spaces. |
Malicious software (malware) classification offers a unique challenge for continual learning (CL) regimes due to the volume of new samples received on a daily basis and the evolution of malware to exploit new vulnerabilities. On a typical day, antivirus vendors receive hundreds of thousands of unique pieces of softwar... |
Determining if two protocols can be securely composed requires analyzing not only their additive properties but also their destructive properties. In this paper we propose a new composition method for constructing protocols based on existing ones found in the literature that can be fully automatized. |
Modern software systems are developed in diverse programming languages and often harbor critical vulnerabilities that attackers can exploit to compromise security. These vulnerabilities have been actively targeted in real-world attacks, causing substantial harm to users and cyberinfrastructure. |
Software vulnerabilities enable exploitation by malicious hackers, compromising systems and data security. This paper examines bug bounty programs (BBPs) that incentivize ethical hackers to discover and responsibly disclose vulnerabilities to software vendors. |
Ransomware constitutes a significant threat to the Android operating system. It can either lock or encrypt the target devices, and victims are forced to pay ransoms to restore their data. |
Most search engines can potentially infer the preferences and interests of a user based on her history of search queries. While search engines can use these inferences for a variety of tasks, including targeted advertisements, such tasks do impose an serious threat to user privacy. |
Extended Reality (XR) experiences involve interactions between users, the real world, and virtual content. A key step to enable these experiences is the XR headset sensing and estimating the user's pose in order to accurately place and render virtual content in the real world. |
In September 2019, voters for the election at the Parliament of the city of Moscow were allowed to use an Internet voting system. The source code of it had been made available for public testing. |
Ensuring security for highly dynamic peer-to-peer (P2P) networks has always been a challenge, especially for services like online transactions and smart devices. These networks experience high churn rates, making it difficult to maintain appropriate access control. |
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