Conference stringclasses 6 values | Year int64 1.99k 2.03k | Title stringlengths 8 187 | DOI stringlengths 16 32 | Abstract stringlengths 128 7.15k ⌀ | Accessible bool 2 classes | Early bool 2 classes | AuthorNames-Deduped listlengths 1 24 | Award listlengths 0 2 | Resources listlengths 0 5 | ResourceLinks listlengths 0 10 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
InfoVis | 2,015 | Vials: Visualizing Alternative Splicing of Genes | 10.1109/TVCG.2015.2467911 | Alternative splicing is a process by which the same DNA sequence is used to assemble different proteins, called protein isoforms. Alternative splicing works by selectively omitting some of the coding regions (exons) typically associated with a gene. Detection of alternative splicing is difficult and uses a combination of advanced data acquisition methods and statistical inference. Knowledge about the abundance of isoforms is important for understanding both normal processes and diseases and to eventually improve treatment through targeted therapies. The data, however, is complex and current visualizations for isoforms are neither perceptually efficient nor scalable. To remedy this, we developed Vials, a novel visual analysis tool that enables analysts to explore the various datasets that scientists use to make judgments about isoforms: the abundance of reads associated with the coding regions of the gene, evidence for junctions, i.e., edges connecting the coding regions, and predictions of isoform frequencies. Vials is scalable as it allows for the simultaneous analysis of many samples in multiple groups. Our tool thus enables experts to (a) identify patterns of isoform abundance in groups of samples and (b) evaluate the quality of the data. We demonstrate the value of our tool in case studies using publicly available datasets. | false | false | [
"Hendrik Strobelt",
"Bilal Alsallakh",
"Joseph Botros",
"Brant Peterson",
"Mark Borowsky",
"Hanspeter Pfister",
"Alexander Lex"
] | [] | [] | [] |
InfoVis | 2,015 | Visual Encodings of Temporal Uncertainty: A Comparative User Study | 10.1109/TVCG.2015.2467752 | A number of studies have investigated different ways of visualizing uncertainty. However, in the temporal dimension, it is still an open question how to best represent uncertainty, since the special characteristics of time require special visual encodings and may provoke different interpretations. Thus, we have conducted a comprehensive study comparing alternative visual encodings of intervals with uncertain start and end times: gradient plots, violin plots, accumulated probability plots, error bars, centered error bars, and ambiguation. Our results reveal significant differences in error rates and completion time for these different visualization types and different tasks. We recommend using ambiguation - using a lighter color value to represent uncertain regions - or error bars for judging durations and temporal bounds, and gradient plots - using fading color or transparency - for judging probability values. | false | false | [
"Theresia Gschwandtner",
"Markus Bögl",
"Paolo Federico 0001",
"Silvia Miksch"
] | [] | [] | [] |
InfoVis | 2,015 | Visual Mementos: Reflecting Memories with Personal Data | 10.1109/TVCG.2015.2467831 | In this paper we discuss the creation of visual mementos as a new application area for visualization. We define visual mementos as visualizations of personally relevant data for the purpose of reminiscing, and sharing of life experiences. Today more people collect digital information about their life than ever before. The shift from physical to digital archives poses new challenges and opportunities for self-reflection and self-representation. Drawing on research on autobiographical memory and on the role of artifacts in reminiscing, we identified design challenges for visual mementos: mapping data to evoke familiarity, expressing subjectivity, and obscuring sensitive details for sharing. Visual mementos can make use of the known strengths of visualization in revealing patterns to show the familiar instead of the unexpected, and extend representational mappings beyond the objective to include the more subjective. To understand whether people's subjective views on their past can be reflected in a visual representation, we developed, deployed and studied a technology probe that exemplifies our concept of visual mementos. Our results show how reminiscing has been supported and reveal promising new directions for self-reflection and sharing through visual mementos of personal experiences. | false | false | [
"Alice Thudt",
"Dominikus Baur",
"Samuel Huron",
"Sheelagh Carpendale"
] | [] | [] | [] |
InfoVis | 2,015 | Visualization, Selection, and Analysis of Traffic Flows | 10.1109/TVCG.2015.2467112 | Visualization of the trajectories of moving objects leads to dense and cluttered images, which hinders exploration and understanding. It also hinders adding additional visual information, such as direction, and makes it difficult to interactively extract traffic flows, i.e., subsets of trajectories. In this paper we present our approach to visualize traffic flows and provide interaction tools to support their exploration. We show an overview of the traffic using a density map. The directions of traffic flows are visualized using a particle system on top of the density map. The user can extract traffic flows using a novel selection widget that allows for the intuitive selection of an area, and filtering on a range of directions and any additional attributes. Using simple, visual set expressions, the user can construct more complicated selections. The dynamic behaviors of selected flows may then be shown in annotation windows in which they can be interactively explored and compared. We validate our approach through use cases where we explore and analyze the temporal behavior of aircraft and vessel trajectories, e.g., landing and takeoff sequences, or the evolution of flight route density. The aircraft use cases have been developed and validated in collaboration with domain experts. | false | false | [
"Roeland Scheepens",
"Christophe Hurter",
"Huub van de Wetering",
"Jarke J. van Wijk"
] | [] | [] | [] |
InfoVis | 2,015 | Visualizing Multiple Variables Across Scale and Geography | 10.1109/TVCG.2015.2467199 | Comparing multiple variables to select those that effectively characterize complex entities is important in a wide variety of domains - geodemographics for example. Identifying variables that correlate is a common practice to remove redundancy, but correlation varies across space, with scale and over time, and the frequently used global statistics hide potentially important differentiating local variation. For more comprehensive and robust insights into multivariate relations, these local correlations need to be assessed through various means of defining locality. We explore the geography of this issue, and use novel interactive visualization to identify interdependencies in multivariate data sets to support geographically informed multivariate analysis. We offer terminology for considering scale and locality, visual techniques for establishing the effects of scale on correlation and a theoretical framework through which variation in geographic correlation with scale and locality are addressed explicitly. Prototype software demonstrates how these contributions act together. These techniques enable multiple variables and their geographic characteristics to be considered concurrently as we extend visual parameter space analysis (vPSA) to the spatial domain. We find variable correlations to be sensitive to scale and geography to varying degrees in the context of energy-based geodemographics. This sensitivity depends upon the calculation of locality as well as the geographical and statistical structure of the variable. | false | false | [
"Sarah Goodwin",
"Jason Dykes",
"Aidan Slingsby",
"Cagatay Turkay"
] | [] | [] | [] |
InfoVis | 2,015 | Visually Comparing Weather Features in Forecasts | 10.1109/TVCG.2015.2467754 | Meteorologists process and analyze weather forecasts using visualization in order to examine the behaviors of and relationships among weather features. In this design study conducted with meteorologists in decision support roles, we identified and attempted to address two significant common challenges in weather visualization: the employment of inconsistent and often ineffective visual encoding practices across a wide range of visualizations, and a lack of support for directly visualizing how different weather features relate across an ensemble of possible forecast outcomes. In this work, we present a characterization of the problems and data associated with meteorological forecasting, we propose a set of informed default encoding choices that integrate existing meteorological conventions with effective visualization practice, and we extend a set of techniques as an initial step toward directly visualizing the interactions of multiple features over an ensemble forecast. We discuss the integration of these contributions into a functional prototype tool, and also reflect on the many practical challenges that arise when working with weather data. | false | false | [
"P. Samuel Quinan",
"Miriah D. Meyer"
] | [] | [] | [] |
InfoVis | 2,015 | Voyager: Exploratory Analysis via Faceted Browsing of Visualization Recommendations | 10.1109/TVCG.2015.2467191 | General visualization tools typically require manual specification of views: analysts must select data variables and then choose which transformations and visual encodings to apply. These decisions often involve both domain and visualization design expertise, and may impose a tedious specification process that impedes exploration. In this paper, we seek to complement manual chart construction with interactive navigation of a gallery of automatically-generated visualizations. We contribute Voyager, a mixed-initiative system that supports faceted browsing of recommended charts chosen according to statistical and perceptual measures. We describe Voyager's architecture, motivating design principles, and methods for generating and interacting with visualization recommendations. In a study comparing Voyager to a manual visualization specification tool, we find that Voyager facilitates exploration of previously unseen data and leads to increased data variable coverage. We then distill design implications for visualization tools, in particular the need to balance rapid exploration and targeted question-answering. | false | false | [
"Kanit Wongsuphasawat",
"Dominik Moritz",
"Anushka Anand",
"Jock D. Mackinlay",
"Bill Howe",
"Jeffrey Heer"
] | [
"TT"
] | [] | [] |
EuroVis | 2,015 | A Multi-task Comparative Study on Scatter Plots and Parallel Coordinates Plots | 10.1111/cgf.12638 | Previous empirical studies for comparing parallel coordinates plots and scatter plots showed some uncertainty about their relative merits. Some of these studies focused on the task of value retrieval, where visualization usually has a limited advantage over reading data directly. In this paper, we report an empirical study that compares user performance, in terms of accuracy and response time, in the context of four different visualization tasks, namely value retrieval, clustering, outlier detection, and change detection. In order to evaluate the relative merits of the two types of plots with a common base line (i.e., reading data directly), we included three forms of stimuli, data tables, scatter plots, and parallel coordinate plots. Our results show that data tables are better suited for the value retrieval task, while parallel coordinates plots generally outperform the two other visual representations in three other tasks. Subjective feedbacks from the users are also consistent with the quantitative analyses. As visualization is commonly used for aiding multiple observational and analytical tasks, our results provided new evidence to support the prevailing enthusiasm for parallel coordinates plots in the field of visualization. | false | false | [
"Rassadarie Kanjanabose",
"Alfie Abdul-Rahman",
"Min Chen 0001"
] | [] | [] | [] |
EuroVis | 2,015 | A Novel Framework for Visual Detection and Exploration of Performance Bottlenecks in Organic Photovoltaic Solar Cell Materials | 10.1111/cgf.12652 | Current characterization methods of the so‐called Bulk Heterojunction (BHJ), which is the main material of Organic Photovoltaic (OPV) solar cells, are limited to the analysis of global fabrication parameters. This reduces the efficiency of the BHJ design process, since it misses critical information about the local performance bottlenecks in the morphology of the material. In this paper, we propose a novel framework that fills this gap through visual characterization and exploration of local structure‐performance correlations. We also propose a formula that correlates the structural features with the performance bottlenecks. Since research into BHJ materials is highly multidisciplinary, our framework enables a visual feedback strategy that allows scientists to build intuition about the best choices of fabrication parameters. We evaluate the usefulness of our proposed system by obtaining new BHJ characterizations. Furthermore, we show that our approach could substantially reduce the turnaround time. | false | false | [
"Amal Aboulhassan",
"Daniel Baum",
"Olga Wodo",
"Baskar Ganapathysubramanian",
"Aram Amassian",
"Markus Hadwiger"
] | [] | [] | [] |
EuroVis | 2,015 | A Shot at Visual Vulnerability Analysis | 10.1111/cgf.12651 | Increasing the safety of vehicles is an important goal for vehicle manufacturers. These manufacturers often turn to simulations to understand how to improve a vehicle's design as real‐world safety tests are expensive and time consuming. Understanding the results of these simulations, however, is challenging due to the complexity of the data, which often includes both spatial and nonspatial data types. In this design study we collaborated with analysts who are trying to understand the vulnerability of military vehicles. From this design study we contribute a problem characterization, data abstraction, and task analysis for vehicle vulnerability analysis, as well as a validated and deployed tool called Shotviewer. Shotviewer links 3D spatial views with abstract 2D views to support a broad range of analysis needs. Furthermore, reflection on our design study process elucidates a strategy of view‐design parallelism for creating multiview visualizations, as well as four recommendations for conducting design studies in large organizations with sensitive data. | false | false | [
"Ethan Kerzner",
"Lee A. Butler",
"Charles D. Hansen",
"Miriah D. Meyer"
] | [] | [] | [] |
EuroVis | 2,015 | Adaptive Recommendations for Enhanced Non-linear Exploration of Annotated 3D Objects | 10.1111/cgf.12616 | We introduce a novel approach for letting casual viewers explore detailed 3D models integrated with structured spatially associated descriptive information organized in a graph. Each node associates a subset of the 3D surface seen from a particular viewpoint to the related descriptive annotation, together with its author‐defined importance. Graph edges describe, instead, the strength of the dependency relation between information nodes, allowing content authors to describe the preferred order of presentation of information. At run‐time, users navigate inside the 3D scene using a camera controller, while adaptively receiving unobtrusive guidance towards interesting viewpoints and history‐ and location‐dependent suggestions on important information, which is adaptively presented using 2D overlays displayed over the 3D scene. The capabilities of our approach are demonstrated in a real‐world cultural heritage application involving the public presentation of sculptural complex on a large projection‐based display. A user study has been performed in order to validate our approach. | false | false | [
"Marcos Balsa Rodríguez",
"Marco Agus",
"Fabio Marton",
"Enrico Gobbetti"
] | [] | [] | [] |
EuroVis | 2,015 | An Evaluation of the Impact of Visual Embellishments in Bar Charts | 10.1111/cgf.12634 | As data visualization becomes further intertwined with the field of graphic design and information graphics, small graphical alterations are made to many common chart formats. Despite the growing prevalence of these embellishments, their effects on communication of the charts’ data is unknown. From an overview of the design space, we have outlined some of the common embellishments that are made to bar charts. We have studied the effects of these chart embellishments on the communication of the charts’ data through a series of user studies on Amazon's Mechanical Turk platform. The results of these studies lead to a better understanding of how each chart type is perceived, and help provide guiding principles for the graphic design of charts. | false | false | [
"Drew Skau",
"Lane Harrison",
"Robert Kosara"
] | [] | [] | [] |
EuroVis | 2,015 | An Exploratory Study of Data Sketching for Visual Representation | 10.1111/cgf.12635 | Hand‐drawn sketching on napkins or whiteboards is a common, accessible method for generating visual representations. This practice is shared by experts and non‐experts and is probably one of the faster and more expressive ways to draft a visual representation of data. In order to better understand the types of and variations in what people produce when sketching data, we conducted a qualitative study. We asked people with varying degrees of visualization expertise, from novices to experts, to manually sketch representations of a small, easily understandable dataset using pencils and paper and to report on what they learned or found interesting about the data. From this study, we extract a data sketching representation continuum from numeracy to abstraction; a data report spectrum from individual data items to speculative data hypothesis; and show the correspondence between the representation types and the data reports from our results set. From these observations we discuss the participants’ representations in relation to their data reports, indicating implications for design and potentially fruitful directions for research. | false | false | [
"Jagoda Walny",
"Samuel Huron",
"Sheelagh Carpendale"
] | [] | [] | [] |
EuroVis | 2,015 | Cell lineage visualisation | 10.1111/cgf.12614 | Cell lineages describe the developmental history of Cell populations and are produced by combining time‐lapse imaging and image processing. Biomedical researchers study Cell lineages to understand fundamental processes such as Cell differentiation and the pharmacodynamic action of anticancer agents. Yet, the interpretation of Cell lineages is hindered by their complexity and insufficient capacity for visual analysis. We present a novel approach for interactive visualisation of Cell lineages. Based on an understanding of Cellular biology and live‐Cell imaging methodology, we identify three requirements: multimodality (Cell lineages combine spatial, temporal, and other properties), symmetry (related to lineage branching structure), and synchrony (related to temporal alignment of Cellular events). We address these by combining visual summaries of the spatiotemporal behaviour of an arbitrary number of lineages, including variation from average behaviour, with node‐link representations that emphasise the presence or absence of symmetry and synchrony. We illustrate the merit of our approach by presenting a real‐world case study where the cytotoxic action of the anticancer drug topotecan was determined. | false | false | [
"A. Johannes Pretorius",
"Imtiaz A. Khan",
"Rachel J. Errington"
] | [] | [] | [] |
EuroVis | 2,015 | Compressive Volume Rendering | 10.1111/cgf.12622 | Compressive rendering refers to the process of reconstructing a full image from a small subset of the rendered pixels, thereby expediting the rendering task. In this paper, we empirically investigate three image order techniques for compressive rendering that are suitable for direct volume rendering. The first technique is based on the theory of compressed sensing and leverages the sparsity of the image gradient in the Fourier domain. The latter techniques exploit smoothness properties of the rendered image; the second technique recovers the missing pixels via a total variation minimization procedure while the third technique incorporates a smoothness prior in a variational reconstruction framework employing interpolating cubic B‐splines. We compare and contrast the three techniques in terms of quality, efficiency and sensitivity to the distribution of pixels. Our results show that smoothness‐based techniques significantly outperform techniques that are based on compressed sensing and are also robust in the presence of highly incomplete information. We achieve high quality recovery with as little as 20% of the pixels distributed uniformly in screen space. | false | false | [
"Xiaoyang Liu",
"Usman R. Alim"
] | [] | [] | [] |
EuroVis | 2,015 | Data-driven Evaluation of Visual Quality Measures | 10.1111/cgf.12632 | Visual quality measures seek to algorithmically imitate human judgments of patterns such as class separability, correlation, or outliers. In this paper, we propose a novel data‐driven framework for evaluating such measures. The basic idea is to take a large set of visually encoded data, such as scatterplots, with reliable human “ground truth” judgements, and to use this human‐labeled data to learn how well a measure would predict human judgements on previously unseen data. Measures can then be evaluated based on predictive performance—an approach that is crucial for generalizing across datasets but has gained little attention so far. To illustrate our framework, we use it to evaluate 15 state‐of‐the‐art class separation measures, using human ground truth data from 828 class separation judgments on color‐coded 2D scatterplots. | false | false | [
"Michael Sedlmair",
"Michaël Aupetit 0001"
] | [] | [] | [] |
EuroVis | 2,015 | Detangler: Visual Analytics for Multiplex Networks | 10.1111/cgf.12644 | A multiplex network has links of different types, allowing it to express many overlapping types of relationships. A core task in network analysis is to evaluate and understand group cohesion; that is, to explain why groups of elements belong together based on the underlying structure of the network. We present Detangler, a system that supports visual analysis of group cohesion in multiplex networks through dual linked views. These views feature new data abstractions derived from the original multiplex network: the substrate network and the catalyst network. We contribute two novel techniques that allow the user to analyze the complex structure of the multiplex network without the extreme visual clutter that would result from simply showing it directly. The harmonized layout visual encoding technique provides spatial stability between the substrate and catalyst views. The pivot brushing interaction technique supports linked highlighting between the views based on computations in the underlying multiplex network to leapfrog between subsets of catalysts and substrates. We present results from the motivating application domain of annotated news documents with a usage scenario and preliminary expert feedback. A second usage scenario presents group cohesion analysis of the social network of the early American independence movement. | false | false | [
"Benjamin Renoust",
"Guy Melançon",
"Tamara Munzner"
] | [] | [] | [] |
EuroVis | 2,015 | Dual Adjacency Matrix: Exploring Link Groups in Dense Networks | 10.1111/cgf.12643 | Node grouping is a common way of adding structure and information to networks that aids their interpretation. However, certain networks benefit from the grouping of links instead of nodes. Link communities, for example, are a form of link groups that describe high‐quality overlapping node communities. There is a conceptual gap between node groups and link groups that poses an interesting visualization challenge. We introduce the Dual Adjacency Matrix to bridge this gap. This matrix combines node and link group techniques via a generalization that also enables it to be coordinated with a node‐link‐contour diagram. These methods have been implemented in a prototype that we evaluated with an information scientist and neuroscientist via interviews and prototype walk‐throughs. We demonstrate this prototype with the analysis of a trade network and an fMRI correlation network. | false | false | [
"Kasper Dinkla",
"Nathalie Henry Riche",
"Michel A. Westenberg"
] | [] | [] | [] |
EuroVis | 2,015 | Edge-Aware Volume Smoothing Using L0 Gradient Minimization | 10.1111/cgf.12625 | In volume visualization, noise in regions of homogeneous material and at boundaries between different materials poses a great challenge in extracting, analyzing and rendering features of interest. In this paper, we present a novel volume denoising / smoothing method based on the L0 gradient minimization framework. This framework globally controls how many voxels with a non‐zero gradient are in the result in order to approximate important features’ structures in a sparse way. This procedure can be solved quickly by the alternating optimization strategy with half‐quadratic splitting. While the proposed L0 volume gradient minimization method can effectively remove noise in homogeneous materials, a blurring‐sharpening strategy is proposed to diminish noise or smooth local details on the boundaries. This generates salient features with smooth boundaries and visually pleasing structures. We compare our method with the bilateral filter and anisotropic diffusion, and demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our method with several volumes in different modalities. | false | false | [
"Qichao Wang",
"Yubo Tao",
"Hai Lin 0003"
] | [] | [] | [] |
EuroVis | 2,015 | Efficient Contrast Effect Compensation with Personalized Perception Models | 10.1111/cgf.12633 | Color is one of the most effective visual variables and is frequently used to encode metric quantities. Contrast effects are considered harmful in data visualizations since they significantly bias our perception of colors. For instance, a gray patch appears brighter on a black background than on a white background. Accordingly, the perception of color‐encoded data items depends on the surround in the rendered visualization. A method that compensates for contrast effects has been presented previously, which significantly improves the users’ accuracy in reading and comparing color encoded data. The method utilizes established perception models to compensate for contrast effects, assuming an average human observer. In this paper, we provide experiments that show a significant difference in the perception of users. We introduce methods to personalize contrast effect compensation and show that this outperforms the original method with a user study. We, further, overcome the major limitation of the original method, which is a runtime of several minutes. With the use of efficient optimization and surrogate models, we are able to reduce runtime to milliseconds, making the method applicable in interactive visualizations. | false | false | [
"Sebastian Mittelstädt",
"Daniel A. Keim"
] | [] | [] | [] |
EuroVis | 2,015 | Efficient Local Histogram Searching via Bitmap Indexing | 10.1111/cgf.12620 | Representing features by local histograms is a proven technique in several volume analysis and visualization applications including feature tracking and transfer function design. The efficiency of these applications, however, is hampered by the high computational complexity of local histogram computation and matching. In this paper, we propose a novel algorithm to accelerate local histogram search by leveraging bitmap indexing. Our method avoids exhaustive searching of all voxels in the spatial domain by examining only the voxels whose values fall within the value range of user‐defined local features and their neighborhood. Based on the idea that the value range of local features is in general much smaller than the dynamic range of the entire dataset, we propose a local voting scheme to construct the local histograms so that only a small number of voxels need to be examined. Experimental results show that our method can reduce much computational workload compared to the conventional approaches. To demonstrate the utility of our method, an interactive interface was developed to assist users in defining target features as local histograms and identify the locations of these features in the dataset. | false | false | [
"Tzu-Hsuan Wei",
"Chun-Ming Chen",
"Ayan Biswas"
] | [] | [] | [] |
EuroVis | 2,015 | Evaluating 2D Flow Visualization Using Eye Tracking | 10.1111/cgf.12662 | Flow visualization is recognized as an essential tool for many scientific research fields and different visualization approaches are proposed. Several studies are also conducted to evaluate their effectiveness but these studies rarely examine the performance from the perspective of visual perception. In this paper, we aim at exploring how users’ visual perception is influenced by different 2D flow visualization methods. An eye tracker is used to analyze users’ visual behaviors when they perform the free viewing, advection prediction, flow feature detection, and flow feature identification tasks on the flow field images generated by different visualizations methods. We evaluate the illustration capability of five representative visualization algorithms. Our results show that the eye‐tracking‐based evaluation provides more insights to quantitatively analyze the effectiveness of these visualization methods. | false | false | [
"Hsin Yang Ho",
"I-Cheng Yeh 0001",
"Yu-Chi Lai",
"Wen-Chieh Lin",
"Fu-Yin Cherng"
] | [] | [] | [] |
EuroVis | 2,015 | Exploring Traffic Dynamics in Urban Environments Using Vector-Valued Functions | 10.1111/cgf.12628 | The traffic infrastructure greatly impacts the quality of life in urban environments. To optimize this infrastructure, engineers and decision makers need to explore traffic data. In doing so, they face two important challenges: the sparseness of speed sensors that cover only a limited number of road segments, and the complexity of traffic patterns they need to analyze. In this paper we take a first step at addressing these challenges. We use New York City (NYC) taxi trips as sensors to capture traffic information. While taxis provide substantial coverage of the city, the data captured about taxi trips contain neither the location of taxis at frequent intervals nor their routes. We propose an efficient traffic model to derive speed and direction information from these data, and show that it provides reliable estimates. Using these estimates, we define a time‐varying vector‐valued function on a directed graph representing the road network, and adapt techniques used for vector fields to visualize the traffic dynamics. We demonstrate the utility of our technique in several case studies that reveal interesting mobility patterns in NYC's traffic. These patterns were validated by experts from NYC's Department of Transportation and the NYC Taxi & Limousine Commission, who also provided interesting insights into these results. | false | false | [
"Jorge Poco",
"Harish Doraiswamy",
"Huy T. Vo",
"João Luiz Dihl Comba",
"Juliana Freire",
"Cláudio T. Silva"
] | [] | [] | [] |
EuroVis | 2,015 | Feature-Driven Visual Analytics of Chaotic Parameter-Dependent Movement | 10.1111/cgf.12654 | Analyzing movements in their spatial and temporal context is a complex task. We are additionally interested in understanding the movements’ dependency on parameters that govern the processes behind the movement. We propose a visual analytics approach combining analytic, visual, and interactive means to deal with the added complexity. The key idea is to perform an analytical extraction of features that capture distinct movement characteristics. Different parameter configurations and extracted features are then visualized in a compact fashion to facilitate an overview of the data. Interaction enables the user to access details about features, to compare features, and to relate features back to the original movement. We instantiate our approach with a repository of more than twenty accepted and novel features to help analysts in gaining insight into simulations of chaotic behavior of thousands of entities over thousands of data points. Domain experts applied our solution successfully to study dynamic groups in such movements in relation to thousands of parameter configurations. | false | false | [
"Martin Luboschik",
"Martin Rohlig",
"Arne T. Bittig",
"Natalia V. Andrienko",
"Heidrun Schumann",
"Christian Tominski"
] | [
"BP"
] | [] | [] |
EuroVis | 2,015 | Fiber Surfaces: Generalizing Isosurfaces to Bivariate Data | 10.1111/cgf.12636 | Scientific visualization has many effective methods for examining and exploring scalar and vector fields, but rather fewer for bivariate fields. We report the first general purpose approach for the interactive extraction of geometric separating surfaces in bivariate fields. This method is based on fiber surfaces: surfaces constructed from sets of fibers, the multivariate analogues of isolines. We show simple methods for fiber surface definition and extraction. In particular, we show a simple and efficient fiber surface extraction algorithm based on Marching Cubes. We also show how to construct fiber surfaces interactively with geometric primitives in the range of the function. We then extend this to build user interfaces that generate parameterized families of fiber surfaces with respect to arbitrary polygons. In the special case of isovalue‐gradient plots, fiber surfaces capture features geometrically for quantitative analysis that have previously only been analysed visually and qualitatively using multi‐dimensional transfer functions in volume rendering. We also demonstrate fiber surface extraction on a variety of bivariate data. | false | false | [
"Hamish A. Carr",
"Zhao Geng",
"Julien Tierny",
"Amit Chattopadhyay",
"Aaron Knoll"
] | [] | [] | [] |
EuroVis | 2,015 | Finite-Time Mass Separation for Comparative Visualizations of Inertial Particles | 10.1111/cgf.12659 | The visual analysis of flows with inertial particle trajectories is a challenging problem because time‐dependent particle trajectories additionally depend on mass, which gives rise to an infinite number of possible trajectories passing through every point in space‐time. This paper presents an approach to a comparative visualization of the inertial particles’ separation behavior. For this, we define the Finite‐Time Mass Separation (FTMS), a scalar field that measures at each point in the domain how quickly inertial particles separate that were released from the same location but with slightly different mass. Extracting and visualizing the mass that induces the largest separation provides a simplified view on the critical masses. By using complementary coordinated views, we additionally visualize corresponding inertial particle trajectories in space‐time by integral curves and surfaces. For a quantitative analysis, we plot Euclidean and arc length‐based distances to a reference particle over time, which allows to observe the temporal evolution of separation events. We demonstrate our approach on a number of analytic and one real‐world unsteady 2D field. | false | false | [
"Tobias Günther",
"Holger Theisel"
] | [] | [] | [] |
EuroVis | 2,015 | GraphUnit: Evaluating Interactive Graph Visualizations Using Crowdsourcing | 10.1111/cgf.12657 | We present GraphUnit, a framework and online service that automates the process of designing, running and analyzing results of controlled user studies of graph visualizations by leveraging crowdsourcing and a set of evaluation modules based on a graph task taxonomy. User studies play an important role in visualization research but conducting them requires expertise and is time consuming. GraphUnit simplifies the evaluation process by allowing visualization designers to easily configure user studies for their web‐based graph visualizations, deploy them online, use Mechanical Turk to attract participants, collect user responses and store them in a database, and analyze incoming results automatically using appropriate statistical tools and graphs. We demonstrate the effectiveness of GraphUnit by replicating two published evaluation studies on network visualization, and showing that these studies could be configured in less than an hour. Finally, we discuss how GraphUnit can facilitate quick evaluations of alternative graph designs and thus encourage the frequent use of user studies to evaluate design decisions in iterative development processes. | false | false | [
"Mershack Okoe",
"Radu Jianu"
] | [] | [] | [] |
EuroVis | 2,015 | Guided Volume Editing based on Histogram Dissimilarity | 10.1111/cgf.12621 | Segmentation of volumetric data is an important part of many analysis pipelines, but frequently requires manual inspection and correction. While plenty of volume editing techniques exist, it remains cumbersome and errorprone for the user to find and select appropriate regions for editing. We propose an approach to improve volume editing by detecting potential segmentation defects while considering the underlying structure of the object of interest. Our method is based on a novel histogram dissimilarity measure between individual regions, derived from structural information extracted from the initial segmentation. Based on this information, our interactive system guides the user towards potential defects, provides integrated tools for their inspection, and automatically generates suggestions for their resolution. We demonstrate that our approach can reduce interaction effort and supports the user in a comprehensive investigation for high‐quality segmentations. | false | false | [
"Alexey Karimov",
"Gabriel Mistelbauer",
"Thomas Auzinger",
"Stefan Bruckner"
] | [] | [] | [] |
EuroVis | 2,015 | Interactive Fusion and Tracking For Multi-Modal Spatial Data Visualization | 10.1111/cgf.12637 | Scientific data acquired through sensors which monitor natural phenomena, as well as simulation data that imitate time‐identified events, have fueled the need for interactive techniques to successfully analyze and understand trends and patterns across space and time. We present a novel interactive visualization technique that fuses ground truth measurements with simulation results in real‐time to support the continuous tracking and analysis of spatiotemporal patterns. We start by constructing a reference model which densely represents the expected temporal behavior, and then use GPU parallelism to advect measurements on the model and track their location at any given point in time. Our results show that users can interactively fill the spatio‐temporal gaps in real world observations, and generate animations that accurately describe physical phenomena. | false | false | [
"Mai El-Shehaly",
"Denis Gracanin",
"Mohamed A. Gad",
"Hicham G. Elmongui",
"Kresimir Matkovic"
] | [] | [] | [] |
EuroVis | 2,015 | Interactive Visual Analysis for Vehicle Detector Data | 10.1111/cgf.12629 | Visualization of vehicle detection (VD) data is essential because the data play an important role in traffic control and policy development. Most previous works focus on visualizing trajectories obtained from global positioning system (GPS), which are detailed but less representative. In contrast, VD data report the traffic statistic at each sensing site during a time span, including speed, flow, and occupancy of each lane, which contain comprehensive traffic information for analysis. In this work, we visualize three‐year VD data of freeways in Taiwan. The visualization depicts the traffic situation at a site over time using a color‐coded chart that extends from left to right over time. The charts are vertically stacked and horizontally aligned according to VD's located mileage and data time, respectively, to provide global insight. Our system allows semantic zoom, which changes the chart appearance in a continuous manner, to enable macro‐ and micro‐ scopic visualizations. Analysts can explore events that span an area with different sizes and that persist a time span with various lengths. To ensure the feasibility of our visualization, before the system design, we conducted a study with experts who work in the national freeway bureau and the institute of transportation of Taiwan. We also showed our results to the experts after the prototype system was built. The feedback shows that our VD data visualization is helpful to traffic control and policy development. | false | false | [
"Yi-Cheng Chen",
"Yu-Shuen Wang",
"Wen-Chieh Lin",
"Wei-Xiang Huang",
"I-Chen Lin"
] | [] | [] | [] |
EuroVis | 2,015 | Learning Probabilistic Transfer Functions: A Comparative Study of Classifiers | 10.1111/cgf.12623 | Complex volume rendering tasks require high‐dimensional transfer functions, which are notoriously difficult to design. One solution to this is to learn transfer functions from scribbles that the user places in the volumetric domain in an intuitive and natural manner. In this paper, we explicitly model and visualize the uncertainty in the resulting classification. To this end, we extend a previous intelligent system approach to volume rendering, and we systematically compare five supervised classification techniques – Gaussian Naive Bayes, k Nearest Neighbor, Support Vector Machines, Neural Networks, and Random Forests – with respect to probabilistic classification, support for multiple materials, interactive performance, robustness to unreliable input, and easy parameter tuning, which we identify as key requirements for the successful use in this application. Based on theoretical considerations, as well as quantitative and visual results on volume datasets from different sources and modalities, we conclude that, while no single classifier can be expected to outperform all others under all circumstances, random forests are a useful off‐the‐shelf technique that provides fast, easy, robust and accurate results in many scenarios. | false | false | [
"Krishna Prasad Soundararajan",
"Thomas Schultz 0001"
] | [] | [] | [] |
EuroVis | 2,015 | Map-based Visualizations Increase Recall Accuracy of Data | 10.1111/cgf.12656 | We investigate the memorability of data represented in two different visualization designs. In contrast to recent studies that examine which types of visual information make visualizations memorable, we examine the effect of different visualizations on time and accuracy of recall of the displayed data, minutes and days after interaction with the visualizations. In particular, we describe the results of an evaluation comparing the memorability of two different visualizations of the same relational data: node‐link diagrams and map‐based visualization. We find significant differences in the accuracy of the tasks performed, and these differences persist days after the original exposure to the visualizations. Specifically, participants in the study recalled the data better when exposed to map‐based visualizations as opposed to node‐link diagrams. We discuss the scope of the study and its limitations, possible implications, and future directions. | false | false | [
"Bahador Saket",
"Carlos Scheidegger",
"Stephen G. Kobourov",
"Katy Börner"
] | [] | [] | [] |
EuroVis | 2,015 | MoleCollar and Tunnel Heat Map Visualizations for Conveying Spatio-Temporo-Chemical Properties Across and Along Protein Voids | 10.1111/cgf.12612 | Studying the characteristics of proteins and their inner void space, including their geometry, physico‐chemical properties and dynamics are instrumental for evaluating the reactivity of the protein with other small molecules. The analysis of long simulations of molecular dynamics produces a large number of voids which have to be further explored and evaluated. In this paper we propose three new methods: two of them convey important properties along the long axis of a selected void during molecular dynamics and one provides a comprehensive picture across the void. The first two proposed methods use a specific heat map to present two types of information: an overview of all detected tunnels in the dynamics and their bottleneck width and stability over time, and an overview of a specific tunnel in the dynamics showing the bottleneck position and changes of the tunnel length over time. These methods help to select a small subset of tunnels, which are explored individually and in detail. For this stage we propose the third method, which shows in one static image the temporal evolvement of the shape of the most critical tunnel part, i.e., its bottleneck. This view is enriched with abstract depictions of different physicochemical properties of the amino acids surrounding the bottleneck. The usefulness of our newly proposed methods is demonstrated on a case study and the feedback from the domain experts is included. The biochemists confirmed that our novel methods help to convey the information about the appearance and properties of tunnels in a very intuitive and comprehensible manner. | false | false | [
"Jan Byska",
"Adam Jurcík",
"M. Eduard Gröller",
"Ivan Viola",
"Barbora Kozlíková"
] | [] | [] | [] |
EuroVis | 2,015 | Mosaic Drawings and Cartograms | 10.1111/cgf.12648 | Cartograms visualize quantitative data about a set of regions such as countries or states. There are several different types of cartograms and – for some – algorithms to automatically construct them exist. We focus on mosaic cartograms: cartograms that use multiples of simple tiles – usually squares or hexagons – to represent regions. Mosaic cartograms communicate well data that consist of, or can be cast into, small integer units (for example, electorial college votes). In addition, they allow users to accurately compare regions and can often maintain a (schematized) version of the input regions’ shapes. We propose the first fully automated method to construct mosaic cartograms. To do so, we first introduce mosaic drawings of triangulated planar graphs. We then show how to modify mosaic drawings into mosaic cartograms with low cartographic error while maintaining correct adjacencies between regions. We validate our approach experimentally and compare to other cartogram methods. | false | false | [
"Rafael G. Cano",
"Kevin Buchin",
"Thom Castermans",
"Astrid Pieterse",
"Willem Sonke",
"Bettina Speckmann"
] | [] | [] | [] |
EuroVis | 2,015 | Perfopticon: Visual Query Analysis for Distributed Databases | 10.1111/cgf.12619 | Distributed database performance is often unpredictable due to issues such as system complexity, network congestion, or imbalanced data distribution. These issues are difficult for users to assess in part due to the opaque mapping between declaratively specified queries and actual physical execution plans. Database developers currently must expend significant time and effort scanning log files to isolate and debug the root causes of performance issues. In response, we present Perfopticon, an interactive query profiling tool that enables rapid insight into common problems such as performance bottlenecks and data skew. Perfopticon combines interactive visualizations of (1) query plans, (2) overall query execution, (3) data flow among servers, and (4) execution traces. These views coordinate multiple levels of abstraction to enable detection, isolation, and understanding of performance issues. We evaluate our design choices through engagements with system developers, scientists, and students. We demonstrate that Perfopticon enables performance debugging for real‐world tasks. | false | false | [
"Dominik Moritz",
"Daniel Halperin",
"Bill Howe",
"Jeffrey Heer"
] | [] | [] | [] |
EuroVis | 2,015 | Persistent Homology for the Evaluation of Dimensionality Reduction Schemes | 10.1111/cgf.12655 | High‐dimensional data sets are a prevalent occurrence in many application domains. This data is commonly visualized using dimensionality reduction (DR) methods. DR methods provide e.g. a two‐dimensional embedding of the abstract data that retains relevant high‐dimensional characteristics such as local distances between data points. Since the amount of DR algorithms from which users may choose is steadily increasing, assessing their quality becomes more and more important. We present a novel technique to quantify and compare the quality of DR algorithms that is based on persistent homology. An inherent beneficial property of persistent homology is its robustness against noise which makes it well suited for real world data. Our pipeline informs about the best DR technique for a given data set and chosen metric (e.g. preservation of local distances) and provides knowledge about the local quality of an embedding, thereby helping users understand the shortcomings of the selected DR method. The utility of our method is demonstrated using application data from multiple domains and a variety of commonly used DR methods. | false | false | [
"Bastian Rieck",
"Heike Leitte"
] | [] | [] | [] |
EuroVis | 2,015 | Photoelasticity Raycasting | 10.1111/cgf.12626 | We present a novel physically‐based method to visualize stress tensor fields. By incorporating photoelasticity into traditional raycasting and extending it with reflection and refraction, taking into account polarization, we obtain the virtual counterpart to traditional experimental polariscopes. This allows us to provide photoelastic analysis of stress tensor fields in arbitrary domains. In our model, the optical material properties, such as stress‐optic coefficient and refractive index, can either be chosen in compliance with the subject under investigation, or, in case of stress problems that do not model optical properties or that are not transparent, be chosen according to known or even new transparent materials. This enables direct application of established polariscope methodology together with respective interpretation. Using a GPU‐based implementation, we compare our technique to experimental data, and demonstrate its utility with several simulated datasets. | false | false | [
"Michael Bußler",
"Thomas Ertl",
"Filip Sadlo"
] | [] | [] | [] |
EuroVis | 2,015 | Quantitative Measures for Cartogram Generation Techniques | 10.1111/cgf.12647 | Cartograms are used to visualize geographically distributed data by scaling the regions of a map (e.g., US states) such that their areas are proportional to some data associated with them (e.g., population). Thus the cartogram computation problem can be considered as a map deformation problem where the input is a planar polygonal map M and an assignment of some positive weight for each region. The goal is to create a deformed map M′, where the area of each region realizes the weight assigned to it (no cartographic error) while the overall map remains readable and recognizable (e.g., the topology, relative positions and shapes of the regions remain as close to those before the deformation as possible). Although several such measures of cartogram quality are well‐known, different cartogram generation methods optimize different features and there is no standard set of quantitative metrics. In this paper we define such a set of seven quantitative measures, designed to evaluate how faithfully a cartogram represents the desired weights and to estimate the readability of the final representation. We then study several cartogram‐generation algorithms and compare them in terms of these quantitative measures. | false | false | [
"Md. Jawaherul Alam",
"Stephen G. Kobourov",
"Sankar Veeramoni"
] | [] | [] | [] |
EuroVis | 2,015 | Rationale Visualization for Safety and Security | 10.1111/cgf.12631 | In safety and security domains where objects of interest (OOI), such as people, vessels, or transactions, are continuously monitored, automated reasoning is required due to their sheer number and volume of information. We present a method to visually explain the rationale of a reasoning engine that raises an alarm if a certain situation is reached. Based both on evidence from heterogeneous and possibly unreliable sources, and on a domain specific reasoning structure, this engine concludes with a certain probability that, e.g., the OOI is suspected of smuggling. To support decision making, we visualize the rationale, an abstraction of the complicated reasoning structure. The evidence is displayed in a color‐coded matrix that easily reveals if and where observations contradict. In it, domain and operational experts can quickly understand and find complicated patterns and relate them to real‐world situations. Also, two groups of these experts evaluate our system through maritime use cases based on real data. | false | false | [
"Roeland Scheepens",
"Steffen Michels",
"Huub van de Wetering",
"Jarke J. van Wijk"
] | [] | [] | [] |
EuroVis | 2,015 | Refinery: Visual Exploration of Large, Heterogeneous Networks through Associative Browsing | 10.1111/cgf.12642 | Browsing is a fundamental aspect of exploratory information‐seeking. Associative browsing represents a common and intuitive set of exploratory strategies in which users step iteratively from familiar to novel bits of information. In this paper, we examine associative browsing as a strategy for bottom‐up exploration of large, heterogeneous networks. We present Refinery, an interactive visualization system informed by guidelines for associative browsing drawn from literature on exploratory information‐seeking. These guidelines motivate Refinery's query model, which allows users to simply and expressively construct queries using heterogeneous sets of nodes. This system computes degree‐of‐interest scores for associated content using a fast, random‐walk algorithm. Refinery visualizes query nodes within a subgraph of results, providing explanatory context, facilitating serendipitous discovery, and stimulating continued exploration. A study of 12 academic researchers using Refinery to browse publication data demonstrates how the system enables discovery of valuable new content, even within existing areas of expertise. | false | false | [
"Sanjay Kairam",
"Nathalie Henry Riche",
"Steven Mark Drucker",
"Roland Fernandez",
"Jeffrey Heer"
] | [] | [] | [] |
EuroVis | 2,015 | Rule-Enhanced Transfer Function Generation for Medical Volume Visualization | 10.1111/cgf.12624 | In volume visualization, transfer functions are used to classify the volumetric data and assign optical properties to the voxels. In general, transfer functions are generated in a transfer function space, which is the feature space constructed by data values and properties derived from the data. If volumetric objects have the same or overlapping data values, it would be difficult to separate them in the transfer function space. In this paper, we present a rule‐enhanced transfer function design method that allows important structures of the volume to be more effectively separated and highlighted. We define a set of rules based on the local frequency distribution of volume attributes. A rule‐selection method based on a genetic algorithm is proposed to learn the set of rules that can distinguish the user‐specified target tissue from other tissues. In the rendering stage, voxels satisfying these rules are rendered with higher opacities in order to highlight the target tissue. The proposed method was tested on various volumetric datasets to enhance the visualization of important structures that are difficult to be visualized by traditional transfer function design methods. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. | false | false | [
"Lile Cai",
"Binh P. Nguyen",
"Chee-Kong Chui",
"Sim Heng Ong"
] | [] | [] | [] |
EuroVis | 2,015 | Small MultiPiles: Piling Time to Explore Temporal Patterns in Dynamic Networks | 10.1111/cgf.12615 | We introduce MultiPiles, a visualization to explore time‐series of dense, weighted networks. MultiPiles is based on the physical analogy of piling adjacency matrices, each one representing a single temporal snapshot. Common interfaces for visualizing dynamic networks use techniques such as: flipping/animation; small multiples; or summary views in isolation. Our proposed ‘piling’ metaphor presents a hybrid of these techniques, leveraging each one's advantages, as well as offering the ability to scale to networks with hundreds of temporal snapshots. While the MultiPiles technique is applicable to many domains, our prototype was initially designed to help neuroscientists investigate changes in brain connectivity networks over several hundred snapshots. The piling metaphor and associated interaction and visual encodings allowed neuroscientists to explore their data, prior to a statistical analysis. They detected high‐level temporal patterns in individual networks and this helped them to formulate and reject several hypotheses. | false | false | [
"Benjamin Bach",
"Nathalie Henry Riche",
"Tim Dwyer",
"Tara M. Madhyastha",
"Jean-Daniel Fekete",
"Thomas J. Grabowski"
] | [] | [] | [] |
EuroVis | 2,015 | Towards a smooth design process for static communicative node-link diagrams | 10.1111/cgf.12658 | Node‐link infographics are visually very rich and can communicate messages effectively, but can be very difficult to create, often involving a painstaking and artisanal process. In this paper we present an investigation of node‐link visualizations for communication and how to better support their creation. We begin by breaking down these images into their basic elements and analyzing how they are created. We then present a set of techniques aimed at improving the creation workflow by bringing more flexibility and power to users, letting them manipulate all aspects of a node‐link diagram (layout, visual attributes, etc.) while taking into account the context in which it will appear. These techniques were implemented in a proof‐of‐concept prototype called GraphCoiffure, which was designed as an intermediary step between graph drawing/editing software and image authoring applications. We describe how GraphCoiffure improves the workflow and illustrate its benefits through practical examples. | false | false | [
"Andre Suslik Spritzer",
"Jeremy Boy",
"Pierre Dragicevic",
"Jean-Daniel Fekete",
"Carla Maria Dal Sasso Freitas"
] | [] | [] | [] |
EuroVis | 2,015 | Uncovering Representative Groups in Multidimensional Projections | 10.1111/cgf.12640 | Multidimensional projection‐based visualization methods typically rely on clustering and attribute selection mechanisms to enable visual analysis of multidimensional data. Clustering is often employed to group similar instances according to their distance in the visual space. However, considering only distances in the visual space may be misleading due to projection errors as well as the lack of guarantees to ensure that distinct clusters contain instances with different content. Identifying clusters made up of a few elements is also an issue for most clustering methods. In this work we propose a novel multidimensional projection‐based visualization technique that relies on representative instances to define clusters in the visual space. Representative instances are selected by a deterministic sampling scheme derived from matrix decomposition, which is sensitive to the variability of data while still been able to handle classes with a small number of instances. Moreover, the sampling mechanism can easily be adapted to select relevant attributes from each cluster. Therefore, our methodology unifies sampling, clustering, and feature selection in a simple framework. A comprehensive set of experiments validate our methodology, showing it outperforms most existing sampling and feature selection techniques. A case study shows the effectiveness of the proposed methodology as a visual data analysis tool. | false | false | [
"Paulo Joia",
"Fabiano Petronetto",
"Luis Gustavo Nonato"
] | [] | [] | [] |
EuroVis | 2,015 | Vector Field Visualization of Advective-Diffusive Flows | 10.1111/cgf.12660 | We propose a framework for unified visualization of advective and diffusive concentration fluxes, which play a key role in many phenomena like, e.g. Marangoni convection and microscopic mixing. The main idea is the decomposition of fluxes into their concentration and velocity parts. Using this flux decomposition, we are able to convey advective‐diffusive concentration transport using integral lines. In order to visualize superimposed flux effects, we introduce a new graphical metaphor, the stream feather, which adds extensions to stream tubes pointing in the directions of deviating fluxes. The resulting unified visualization of macroscopic advection and microscopic diffusion allows for deeper insight into complex flow scenarios that cannot be achieved with current volume and surface rendering techniques alone.Our approach for flux decomposition and visualization of advective‐diffusive flows can be applied to any kind of (simulation) data if velocity and concentration data are available. We demonstrate that our techniques can easily be integrated into Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) based simulations. | false | false | [
"Hendrik Hochstetter",
"Maximilian Wurm",
"Andreas Kolb 0001"
] | [] | [] | [] |
EuroVis | 2,015 | VIMTEX: A Visualization Interface for Multivariate, Time-Varying, Geological Data Exploration | 10.1111/cgf.12646 | Observing interactions among chemical species and microorganisms in the earth's sub‐surface is a common task in the field of geology. Bioremediation experiments constitute one such class of interactions which focus on getting rid of pollutants through processes such as carbon sequestration. The main goal of scientists’ observations is to analyze the dynamics of the chemical reactions and understand how they collectively affect the carbon content of the soil. In our work, we extract the high‐level goals of geologists and propose a visual analytics solution which helps scientists in deriving insights about multivariate, temporal behavior of these chemical species. Specifically, our key contributions are the following: i) characterization of the domain‐specific goals and their translation to exploratory data analysis tasks, ii) developing an analytical abstraction in the form of perceptually motivated screen‐space metrics for bridging the gap between the tasks and the visualization, and iii) realization of the tasks and metrics in the form of VIMTEX, which is a set of coordinated multiple views for letting scientists observe multivariate, temporal relationships in the data. We provide several examples and case studies along with expert feedback for demonstrating the efficacy of our solution. | false | false | [
"Aritra Dasgupta",
"Robert Kosara",
"Luke J. Gosink"
] | [] | [] | [] |
EuroVis | 2,015 | Visual Analysis of Proximal Temporal Relationships of Social and Communicative Behaviors | 10.1111/cgf.12617 | Developmental psychology researchers examine the temporal relationships of social and communicative behaviors, such as how a child responds to a name call, to understand early typical and atypical development and to discover early signs of autism and developmental delay. These related behaviors occur together or within close temporal proximity, forming unique patterns and relationships of interest. However, the task of finding these early signs, which are in the form of atypical behavioral patterns, becomes more challenging when behaviors of multiple children at different ages need to be compared with each other in search of generalizable patterns. The ability to visually explore the temporal relationships of behaviors, including flexible redefinition of closeness, over multiple social interaction sessions with children of different ages, can make such knowledge extraction easier. We have designed a visualization tool called TipoVis that helps psychology researchers visually explore the temporal patterns of social and communicative behaviors. We present two case studies to show how TipoVis helped two researchers derive new understandings of their data. | false | false | [
"Yi Han 0005",
"Agata Rozga",
"Nevena Dimitrova",
"Gregory D. Abowd",
"John T. Stasko"
] | [] | [] | [] |
EuroVis | 2,015 | Visual Analysis of Spatio-Temporal Data: Applications in Weather Forecasting | 10.1111/cgf.12650 | Weather conditions affect multiple aspects of human life such as economy, safety, security, and social activities. For this reason, weather forecast plays a major role in society. Currently weather forecasts are based on Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) models that generate a representation of the atmospheric flow. Interactive visualization of geo‐spatial data has been widely used in order to facilitate the analysis of NWP models. This paper presents a visualization system for the analysis of spatio‐temporal patterns in short‐term weather forecasts. For this purpose, we provide an interactive visualization interface that guides users from simple visual overviews to more advanced visualization techniques. Our solution presents multiple views that include a timeline with geo‐referenced maps, an integrated webmap view, a forecast operation tool, a curve‐pattern selector, spatial filters, and a linked meteogram. Two key contributions of this work are the timeline with geo‐referenced maps and the curve‐pattern selector. The latter provides novel functionality that allows users to specify and search for meaningful patterns in the data. The visual interface of our solution allows users to detect both possible weather trends and errors in the weather forecast model. We illustrate the usage of our solution with a series of case studies that were designed and validated in collaboration with domain experts. | false | false | [
"Alexandra Diehl",
"Leandro Pelorosso",
"Claudio Delrieux",
"Celeste Saulo",
"Juan Ruiz 0002",
"M. Eduard Gröller",
"Stefan Bruckner"
] | [] | [] | [] |
EuroVis | 2,015 | Visual Analytics for Correlation-Based Comparison of Time Series Ensembles | 10.1111/cgf.12653 | An established approach to studying interrelations between two non‐stationary time series is to compute the ‘windowed’ cross‐correlation (WCC). The time series are divided into intervals and the cross‐correlation between corresponding intervals is calculated. The outcome is a matrix that describes the correlation between two time series for different intervals and varying time lags. This important technique can only be used to compare two single time series. However, many applications require the comparison of ensembles of time series. Therefore, we propose a visual analytics approach that extends the WCC to support a correlation‐based comparison of two ensembles of time series. We compute the pairwise WCC between all time series from the two ensembles, which results in hundreds of thousands of WCC matrices. Statistical measures are used to derive a concise description of the time‐varying correlations between the ensembles as well as the uncertainty of the correlation values. We further introduce a visually scalable overview visualization of the computed correlation and uncertainty information. These components are combined with multiple linked views into a visual analytics system to support configuration of the WCC as well as detailed analysis of correlation patterns between two ensembles. Two use cases from very different domains, cognitive science and paleoclimatology, demonstrate the utility of our approach. | false | false | [
"Patrick Köthur",
"Carl Witt",
"Mike Sips",
"Norbert Marwan",
"Stefan Schinkel",
"Doris Dransch"
] | [] | [] | [] |
EuroVis | 2,015 | Visual Analytics for Exploring Local Impact of Air Traffic | 10.1111/cgf.12630 | The environmental and noise impact of airports often causes extensive political discussion which in some cases even lead to transnational tensions. Analyzing local approach and departure patterns around an airport is difficult since it depends on a variety of complex variables like weather, local and general regulations and many more. Yet, understanding these movements and the expected amount of flights during arrival and departure is of great interest to both casual and expert users, as planes have a higher impact on the areas beneath during these phases. We present a Visual Analytics framework that enables users to develop an understanding of local flight behavior through visual exploration of historical data and interactive manipulation of prediction models with direct feedback, as well as a classification quality visualization using a random noise metaphor. We showcase our approach using real world data from the Zurich International Airport region, where aircraft noise has led to an ongoing conflict between Germany and Switzerland. The use cases, findings and expert feedback demonstrate how our approach helps in understanding the situation and to substantiate the otherwise often subjective discourse on the topic. | false | false | [
"Juri Buchmüller",
"Halldór Janetzko",
"Gennady L. Andrienko",
"Natalia V. Andrienko",
"Georg Fuchs",
"Daniel A. Keim"
] | [] | [] | [] |
EuroVis | 2,015 | Visual Analytics for the Exploration of Tumor Tissue Characterization | 10.1111/cgf.12613 | Tumors are heterogeneous tissues consisting of multiple regions with distinct characteristics. Characterization of these intra‐tumor regions can improve patient diagnosis and enable a better targeted treatment. Ideally, tissue characterization could be performed non‐invasively, using medical imaging data, to derive per voxel a number of features, indicative of tissue properties. However, the high dimensionality and complexity of this imaging‐derived feature space is prohibiting for easy exploration and analysis ‐ especially when clinical researchers require to associate observations from the feature space to other reference data, e.g., features derived from histopathological data. Currently, the exploratory approach used in clinical research consists of juxtaposing these data, visually comparing them and mentally reconstructing their relationships. This is a time consuming and tedious process, from which it is difficult to obtain the required insight. We propose a visual tool for: (1) easy exploration and visual analysis of the feature space of imaging‐derived tissue characteristics and (2) knowledge discovery and hypothesis generation and confirmation, with respect to reference data used in clinical research. We employ, as central view, a 2D embedding of the imaging‐derived features. Multiple linked interactive views provide functionality for the exploration and analysis of the local structure of the feature space, enabling linking to patient anatomy and clinical reference data. We performed an initial evaluation with ten clinical researchers. All participants agreed that, unlike current practice, the proposed visual tool enables them to identify, explore and analyze heterogeneous intra‐tumor regions and particularly, to generate and confirm hypotheses, with respect to clinical reference data. | false | false | [
"Renata Georgia Raidou",
"Uulke A. van der Heide",
"Cuong Viet Dinh",
"Ghazaleh Ghobadi",
"Jesper Kallehauge",
"Marcel Breeuwer",
"Anna Vilanova"
] | [] | [] | [] |
EuroVis | 2,015 | Visual Assessment of Alleged Plagiarism Cases | 10.1111/cgf.12618 | We developed a visual analysis tool to support the verification, assessment, and presentation of alleged cases of plagiarism. The analysis of a suspicious document typically results in a compilation of categorized “finding spots”. The categorization reveals the way in which the suspicious text fragment was created from the source, e.g. by obfuscation, translation, or by shake and paste. We provide a three‐level approach for exploring the finding spots in context. The overview shows the relationship of the entire suspicious document to the set of source documents. A glyph‐based view reveals the structural and textual differences and similarities of a set of finding spots and their corresponding source text fragments. For further analysis and editing of the finding spot's assessment, the actual text fragments can be embedded side‐by‐side in the diffline view. The different views are tied together by versatile navigation and selection operations. Our expert reviewers confirm that our tool provides a significant improvement over existing static visualizations for assessing plagiarism cases. | false | false | [
"Patrick Riehmann",
"Martin Potthast",
"Benno Stein 0001",
"Bernd Fröhlich 0001"
] | [] | [] | [] |
EuroVis | 2,015 | Visual Exploration of High-Dimensional Data through Subspace Analysis and Dynamic Projections | 10.1111/cgf.12639 | We introduce a novel interactive framework for visualizing and exploring high‐dimensional datasets based on subspace analysis and dynamic projections. We assume the high‐dimensional dataset can be represented by a mixture of low‐dimensional linear subspaces with mixed dimensions, and provide a method to reliably estimate the intrinsic dimension and linear basis of each subspace extracted from the subspace clustering. Subsequently, we use these bases to define unique 2D linear projections as viewpoints from which to visualize the data. To understand the relationships among the different projections and to discover hidden patterns, we connect these projections through dynamic projections that create smooth animated transitions between pairs of projections. We introduce the view transition graph, which provides flexible navigation among these projections to facilitate an intuitive exploration. Finally, we provide detailed comparisons with related systems, and use real‐world examples to demonstrate the novelty and usability of our proposed framework. | false | false | [
"Shusen Liu 0001",
"Bei Wang 0001",
"Jayaraman J. Thiagarajan",
"Peer-Timo Bremer",
"Valerio Pascucci"
] | [] | [] | [] |
EuroVis | 2,015 | Visualization of Coherent Structures of Light Transport | 10.1111/cgf.12661 | Inspired by vector field topology, an established tool for the extraction and identification of important features of flows and vector fields, we develop means for the analysis of the structure of light transport. For that, we derive an analogy to vector field topology that defines coherent structures in light transport. We also introduce Finite‐Time Path Deflection (FTPD), a scalar quantity that represents the deflection characteristic of all light transport paths passing through a given point in space. For virtual scenes, the FTPD can be computed directly using path‐space Monte Carlo integration. We visualize the FTPD field for several example scenes and discuss the revealed structures. Lastly, we show that the coherent regions visualized by the FTPD are closely related to the coherent regions in our new topologically‐motivated analysis of light transport. FTPD visualizations are thus also visualizations of the structure of light transport. | false | false | [
"Tobias Zirr",
"Marco Ament",
"Carsten Dachsbacher"
] | [] | [] | [] |
EuroVis | 2,015 | Visualization of Object-Centered Vulnerability to Possible Flood Hazards | 10.1111/cgf.12645 | As flood events tend to happen more frequently, there is a growing demand for understanding the vulnerability of infrastructure to flood‐related hazards. Such demand exists both for flood management personnel and the general public. Modern software tools are capable of generating uncertainty‐aware flood predictions. However, the information addressing individual objects is incomplete, scattered, and hard to extract. In this paper, we address vulnerability to flood‐related hazards focusing on a specific building. Our approach is based on the automatic extraction of relevant information from a large collection of pre‐simulated flooding events, called a scenario pool. From this pool, we generate uncertainty‐aware visualizations conveying the vulnerability of the building of interest to different kinds of flooding events. On the one hand, we display the adverse effects of the disaster on a detailed level, ranging from damage inflicted on the building facades or cellars to the accessibility of the important infrastructure in the vicinity. On the other hand, we provide visual indications of the events to which the building of interest is vulnerable in particular. Our visual encodings are displayed in the context of urban 3D renderings to establish an intuitive relation between geospatial and abstract information. We combine all the visualizations in a lightweight interface that enables the user to study the impacts and vulnerabilities of interest and explore the scenarios of choice. We evaluate our solution with experts involved in flood management and public communication. | false | false | [
"Daniel Cornel",
"Artem Konev",
"Bernhard Sadransky",
"Zsolt Horváth",
"M. Eduard Gröller",
"Jürgen Waser"
] | [
"HM"
] | [] | [] |
EuroVis | 2,015 | Visualization of Particle-based Data with Transparency and Ambient Occlusion | 10.1111/cgf.12627 | Particle‐based simulation techniques, like the discrete element method or molecular dynamics, are widely used in many research fields. In real‐time explorative visualization it is common to render the resulting data using opaque spherical glyphs with local lighting only. Due to massive overlaps, however, inner structures of the data are often occluded rendering visual analysis impossible. Furthermore, local lighting is not sufficient as several important features like complex shapes, holes, rifts or filaments cannot be perceived well.To address both problems we present a new technique that jointly supports transparency and ambient occlusion in a consistent illumination model. Our approach is based on the emission‐absorption model of volume rendering. We provide analytic solutions to the volume rendering integral for several density distributions within a spherical glyph. Compared to constant transparency our approach preserves the three‐dimensional impression of the glyphs much better. We approximate ambient illumination with a fast hierarchical voxel cone‐tracing approach, which builds on a new real‐time voxelization of the particle data.Our implementation achieves interactive frame rates for millions of static or dynamic particles without any preprocessing. We illustrate the merits of our method on real‐world data sets gaining several new insights. | false | false | [
"Joachim Staib",
"Sebastian Grottel",
"Stefan Gumhold"
] | [] | [] | [] |
EuroVis | 2,015 | Visualizing Time-Specific Hurricane Predictions, with Uncertainty, from Storm Path Ensembles | 10.1111/cgf.12649 | The U.S. National Hurricane Center (NHC) issues advisories every six hours during the life of a hurricane. These advisories describe the current state of the storm, and its predicted path, size, and wind speed over the next five days. However, from these data alone, the question “What is the likelihood that the storm will hit Houston with hurricane strength winds between 12:00 and 14:00 on Saturday?” cannot be directly answered. To address this issue, the NHC has recently begun making an ensemble of potential storm paths available as part of each storm advisory. Since each path is parameterized by time, predicted values such as wind speed associated with the path can be inferred for a specific time period by analyzing the statistics of the ensemble. This paper proposes an approach for generating smooth scalar fields from such a predicted storm path ensemble, allowing the user to examine the predicted state of the storm at any chosen time. As a demonstration task, we show how our approach can be used to support a visualization tool, allowing the user to display predicted storm position – including its uncertainty – at any time in the forecast. In our approach, we estimate the likelihood of hurricane risk for a fixed time at any geospatial location by interpolating simplicial depth values in the path ensemble. Adaptivelysized radial basis functions are used to carry out the interpolation. Finally, geometric fitting is used to produce a simple graphical visualization of this likelihood. We also employ a non‐linear filter, in time, to assure frame‐to‐frame coherency in the visualization as the prediction time is advanced. We explain the underlying algorithm and definitions, and give a number of examples of how our algorithm performs for several different storm predictions, and for two different sources of predicted path ensembles. | false | false | [
"Le Liu 0007",
"Mahsa Mirzargar",
"Robert M. Kirby",
"Ross T. Whitaker",
"Donald H. House"
] | [] | [] | [] |
EuroVis | 2,015 | Visualnostics: Visual Guidance Pictograms for Analyzing Projections of High-dimensional Data | 10.1111/cgf.12641 | The visual analysis of multivariate projections is a challenging task, because complex visual structures occur. This causes fatigue or misinterpretations, which distorts the analysis. In fact, the same projection can lead to different analysis results. We provide visual guidance pictograms to improve objectivity of the visual search. A visual guidance pictogram is an iconic visual density map encoding the visual structure of certain data properties. By using them to guide the analysis, structures in the projection can be better understood and mentally linked to properties in the data. We introduce a systematic scheme for designing such pictograms and provide a set of pictograms for standard visual tasks, such as correlation and distribution analysis, for standard projections like scatterplots, RadVis, and Star Coordinates. We conduct a study that compares the visual analysis of real data with and without the support of guidance pictograms. Our tests show that the training effort for a visual search can be decreased and the analysis bias can be reduced by supporting the user's visual search with guidance pictograms. | false | false | [
"Dirk J. Lehmann",
"Fritz Kemmler",
"Tatsiana Zhyhalava",
"Marco Kirschke",
"Holger Theisel"
] | [] | [] | [] |
CHI | 2,015 | "Everyone Is Talking about It!": A Distributed Approach to Urban Voting Technology and Visualisations | 10.1145/2702123.2702263 | The deployment of technology interventions, such as public displays and mobile apps, in community settings has been found to engage people in sharing and comparing their opinions. Our research is concerned with how to extend this to community-wide participation by devising and deploying multiple voting devices and visualisations. We present an in-the-wild study where a number of shopkeepers along a street participated by placing a novel voting device in their shops to collect locals' opinions. Results were displayed outside the shops, on the pavement. This distributed set-up was found to promote public debate on local issues, particularly around the perceived divide between people on either end of the street. We outline our design process and describe the impact of distributing voting devices and situated visualisations in a local community. \ | false | false | [
"Lisa Koeman",
"Vaiva Kalnikaité",
"Yvonne Rogers"
] | [] | [] | [] |
CHI | 2,015 | (s|qu)eries: Visual Regular Expressions for Querying and Exploring Event Sequences | 10.1145/2702123.2702262 | Many different domains collect event sequence data and rely on finding and analyzing patterns within it to gain meaningful insights. Current systems that support such queries either provide limited expressiveness, hinder exploratory workflows or present interaction and visualization models which do not scale well to large and multi-faceted data sets. In this paper we present (s|qu)eries (pronounced "Squeries"), a visual query interface for creating queries on sequences (series) of data, based on regular expressions. (s|qu)eries is a touch-based system that exposes the full expressive power of regular expressions in an approachable way and interleaves query specification with result visualizations. Being able to visually investigate the results of different query-parts supports debugging and encourages iterative query-building as well as exploratory work-flows. We validate our design and implementation through a set of informal interviews with data scientists that analyze event sequences on a daily basis. | false | false | [
"Emanuel Zgraggen",
"Steven Mark Drucker",
"Danyel Fisher",
"Robert DeLine"
] | [] | [] | [] |
CHI | 2,015 | An Evaluation of Interactive Map Comparison Techniques | 10.1145/2702123.2702130 | Geovisualization applications typically organize data into layers. These layers hold different types of geographical features, describe different characteristics of the same features, or represent those features at different points in time. Layers can be composited in various ways, most often employing a juxtaposition or superimposition strategy, to produce maps that users can explore interactively. From an HCI perspective, one of the main challenges is to design interactive compositions that optimize the legibility of the resulting map and that ease layer comparison. We characterize five representative techniques, and empirically evaluate them using a set of real-world maps in which we purposefully introduce six types of differences amenable to inter-layer visual comparison. We discuss the merits of these techniques in terms of visual interference, user attention and scanning strategy. Our results can help inform the design of map-based visualizations for supporting geo-analysis tasks in many application areas. | false | false | [
"María-Jesús Lobo",
"Emmanuel Pietriga",
"Caroline Appert"
] | [] | [] | [] |
CHI | 2,015 | An Interactive System for Data Structure Development | 10.1145/2702123.2702319 | Data structure algorithms are of fundamental importance in teaching and software development, yet are difficult to understand. We propose a new approach for understanding, debugging and developing heap manipulating data structures. The key technical idea of our work is to combine deep parametric abstraction techniques emerging from the area of static analysis with interactive abstraction manipulation. Our approach bridges program analysis with HCI and enables new capabilities not possible before: i) online automatic visualization of the data structure in a way which captures its essential operation, thus enabling powerful local reasoning, and ii) fine grained pen and touch gestures allowing for interactive control of the abstraction -- at any point the developer can pause the program, graphically interact with the data, and continue program execution. These features address some of the most pressing challenges in developing data structures. We implemented our approach in a Java-based system called FluiEdt and evaluated it with $27$ developers. The results indicate that FluiEdt is more effective in helping developers find data structure errors than existing state of the art IDEs (e.g. Eclipse) or pure visualization based approaches. | false | false | [
"Jibin Ou",
"Martin T. Vechev",
"Otmar Hilliges"
] | [] | [] | [] |
CHI | 2,015 | BodyVis: A New Approach to Body Learning Through Wearable Sensing and Visualization | 10.1145/2702123.2702299 | Internal organs are hidden and untouchable, making it difficult for children to learn their size, position, and function. Traditionally, human anatomy (body form) and physiology (body function) are taught using techniques ranging from worksheets to three-dimensional models. We present a new approach called BodyVis, an e-textile shirt that combines biometric sensing and wearable visualizations to reveal otherwise invisible body parts and functions. We describe our 15-month iterative design process including lessons learned through the development of three prototypes using participatory design and two evaluations of the final prototype: a design probe interview with seven elementary school teachers and three single-session deployments in after-school programs. Our findings have implications for the growing area of wearables and tangibles for learning. | false | false | [
"Leyla Norooz",
"Matthew Louis Mauriello",
"Anita Jorgensen",
"Brenna McNally",
"Jon E. Froehlich"
] | [] | [] | [] |
CHI | 2,015 | Designing Information for Remediating Cognitive Biases in Decision-Making | 10.1145/2702123.2702239 | Software is playing an increasingly important role in supporting human decision-making. Previous HCI research on decision support systems (DSS) has improved the information visualization aspect of DSS information design, but has somewhat overlooked the cognitive aspect of decision-making, namely that human reasoning is heuristic and reflects systematic errors or cognitive biases. We report on an empirical study of two cognitive biases: conservatism and loss aversion. Two remediation techniques recommended by previous research were tested: the expected return method, an actuarial-inspired approach presenting objective metrics; and bootstrapping, a technique successful in improving judgment consistency. The results show that the two biases can occur simultaneously and can have a huge impact on decision-making. The results also show that the two debiasing techniques are only partly effective. These findings suggest a need for more research on debiasing, and indicate some directions for exploring debiasing techniques and building decision support systems. | false | false | [
"Yunfeng Zhang",
"Rachel K. E. Bellamy",
"Wendy A. Kellogg"
] | [] | [] | [] |
CHI | 2,015 | DocuViz: Visualizing Collaborative Writing | 10.1145/2702123.2702517 | Collaborative writing is on the increase. In order to write well together, authors often need to be aware of who has done what recently. We offer a new tool, DocuViz, that displays the entire revision history of Google Docs, showing more than the one-step-at-a-time view now shown in revision history and tracking changes in Word. We introduce the tool and present cases in which the tool has the potential to be useful: To authors themselves to see recent "seismic activity," indicating where in particular a co-author might want to pay attention, to instructors to see who has contributed what and which changes were made to comments from them, and to researchers interested in the new patterns of collaboration made possible by simultaneous editing capabilities. | false | false | [
"Dakuo Wang",
"Judith S. Olson",
"Jingwen Zhang",
"Trung Nguyen",
"Gary M. Olson"
] | [] | [] | [] |
CHI | 2,015 | Effects of Display Size and Resolution on User Behavior and Insight Acquisition in Visual Exploration | 10.1145/2702123.2702406 | Large high-resolution displays are becoming increasingly common in research settings, providing data scientists with visual interfaces for the analysis of large datasets. Numerous studies have demonstrated unique perceptual and cognitive benefits afforded by these displays in visual analytics and information visualization tasks. However, the effects of these displays on knowledge discovery in exploratory visual analysis are still poorly understood. We present the results of a small-scale study to better understand how display size and resolution affect insight. Analyzing participants' verbal statements, we find preliminary evidence that larger displays with more pixels can significantly increase the number of discoveries reported during visual exploration, while yielding broader, more integrative insights. Furthermore, we find important differences in how participants performed the same visual exploration task using displays of varying sizes. We tie these results to extant work and propose explanations by considering the cognitive and interaction costs associated with visual exploration. | false | false | [
"Khairi Reda",
"Andrew E. Johnson 0001",
"Michael E. Papka",
"Jason Leigh"
] | [] | [] | [] |
CHI | 2,015 | EnviroPulse: Providing Feedback about the Expected Affective Valence of the Environment | 10.1145/2702123.2702510 | Interacting with nature is beneficial to a person's mental-state, but it can sometimes be difficult to find environments that will induce positive affect (e.g., when planning a run). In this paper, we describe EnviroPulse-a system for auto-matically determining and communicating the expected affective valence (EAV) of environments to individuals. We describe a prototype that allows this to be used in real-time on a smartphone, but EnviroPulse could easily be incorporated into GPS systems, mapping services, or image-based systems. Our work differs from existing work in af-fective computing in that, rather than detecting a user's affect directly, we automatically determine the EAV of the environment through visual analysis. We present results that suggest our system can determine the EAV of envi-ronments. We also introduce real-time affective visual feedback of the calculated EAV of the images, and present results from an informal study suggesting that real-time visual feedback can be used for induction of affect. | false | false | [
"Deltcho Valtchanov",
"Mark S. Hancock"
] | [] | [] | [] |
CHI | 2,015 | Evaluating How Level of Detail of Visual History Affects Process Memory | 10.1145/2702123.2702376 | Visual history tools provide visual representations of the workflow during data analysis tasks. While there is an established need for reviewing analytic processes, and many visual history tools provide visualizations to do so, it is not well known how helpful the tools actually are for process recall. Through a controlled experiment, we evaluated how the presence of a visual history aid and varying levels of visual detail affect process memory. Participants conducted an analysis task using a visual text-document analysis tool. We evaluated their memories of the process both immediately after the analysis and then again one week later. Results showed that even visual history views with reduced data-resolution were effective for aiding process memory. Further, even without inclusion of any data in the visual history aids, the visual cues alone from the final workspace were enough to improve memory of the main themes of analyses. | false | false | [
"Eric D. Ragan",
"John R. Goodall",
"Albert Tung"
] | [] | [] | [] |
CHI | 2,015 | Evaluating the Memorability of Physical Visualizations | 10.1145/2702123.2702248 | Physical Visualizations are currently mostly used in casual contexts, e.g., as artistic data sculptures. However, their measurable benefits for traditional information visualization are largely unexplored. As a step in this direction, we compared the memorability of physical visualizations to that of digital visualizations. We conducted a user study with 40 participants in which we measured the recall of three types of information immediately after exploration and with a delay of two weeks. The results show that the physical visualization led to significantly less information decay within this time span. Our results build on known effects from cognitive psychology and provide a first indicator for measurable benefits of physical visualizations regarding memorability. | false | false | [
"Simon Stusak",
"Jeannette Schwarz",
"Andreas Butz"
] | [] | [] | [] |
CHI | 2,015 | Exploring Interactions with Physically Dynamic Bar Charts | 10.1145/2702123.2702604 | Visualizations such as bar charts help users reason about data, but are mostly screen-based, rarely physical, and almost never physical and dynamic. This paper investigates the role of physically dynamic bar charts and evaluates new interactions for exploring and working with datasets rendered in dynamic physical form. To facilitate our exploration we constructed a 10x10 interactive bar chart and designed interactions that supported fundamental visualisation tasks, specifically; annotation, filtering, organization, and navigation. The interactions were evaluated in a user study with 17 participants. Our findings identify the preferred methods of working with the data for each task i.e. directly tapping rows to hide bars, highlight the strengths and limitations of working with physical data, and discuss the challenges of integrating the proposed interactions together into a larger data exploration system. In general, physical interactions were intuitive, informative, and enjoyable, paving the way for new explorations in physical data visualizations. | false | false | [
"Faisal Taher",
"John Hardy",
"Abhijit Karnik",
"Christian Weichel",
"Yvonne Jansen",
"Kasper Hornbæk",
"Jason Alexander"
] | [] | [] | [] |
CHI | 2,015 | Exploring the Role of Activity Trace Design on Evaluations of Online Worker Quality | 10.1145/2702123.2702195 | Websites can record individual users' activities and display them in a variety of ways. There is a tradeoff between detail and abstraction in visualization, especially when the amount of content increases and becomes more difficult to process. We conducted an experiment on Mechanical Turk varying the quality, detail, and visual presentation of information about an individual's past work to see how these design features affected perceptions of the worker. We found that providing detail in the display through text increased processing time and led to less positive evaluations. Visually abstract displays required less processing time but decreased confidence in evaluation. This suggests that different design parameters may engender differing psychological processes that influence reactions towards an unknown person. | false | false | [
"Jennifer Marlow",
"Laura A. Dabbish",
"Jodi L. Forlizzi"
] | [] | [] | [] |
CHI | 2,015 | g-Miner: Interactive Visual Group Mining on Multivariate Graphs | 10.1145/2702123.2702446 | With the rapid growth of rich network data available through various sources such as social media and digital archives,there is a growing interest in more powerful network visual analysis tools and methods. The rich information about the network nodes and links can be represented as multivariate graphs, in which the nodes are accompanied with attributes to represent the properties of individual nodes. An important task often encountered in multivariate network analysis is to uncover link structure with groups, e.g., to understand why a person fits a specific job or certain role in a social group well.The task usually involves complex considerations including specific requirement of node attributes and link structure, and hence a fully automatic solution is typically not satisfactory.In this work, we identify the design challenges for min-ing groups with complex criteria and present an interactive system, "g-Miner," that enables visual mining of groups on multivariate graph data. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our system through case study and in-depth expert inter-views. This work contributes to understanding the design of systems for leveraging users' knowledge progressively with algorithmic capacity for tackling massive heterogeneous information. | false | false | [
"Nan Cao 0001",
"Yu-Ru Lin",
"Liangyue Li",
"Hanghang Tong"
] | [] | [] | [] |
CHI | 2,015 | Head-Mounted Display Visualizations to Support Sound Awareness for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing | 10.1145/2702123.2702393 | Persons with hearing loss use visual signals such as gestures and lip movement to interpret speech. While hearing aids and cochlear implants can improve sound recognition, they generally do not help the wearer localize sound necessary to leverage these visual cues. In this paper, we design and evaluate visualizations for spatially locating sound on a head-mounted display (HMD). To investigate this design space, we developed eight high-level visual sound feedback dimensions. For each dimension, we created 3-12 example visualizations and evaluated these as a design probe with 24 deaf and hard of hearing participants (Study 1). We then implemented a real-time proof-of-concept HMD prototype and solicited feedback from 4 new participants (Study 2). Study 1 findings reaffirm past work on challenges faced by persons with hearing loss in group conversations, provide support for the general idea of sound awareness visualizations on HMDs, and reveal preferences for specific design options. Although preliminary, Study 2 further contextualizes the design probe and uncovers directions for future work. | false | false | [
"Dhruv Jain",
"Leah Findlater",
"Jamie Gilkeson",
"Benjamin Holland",
"Ramani Duraiswami",
"Dmitry N. Zotkin",
"Christian Vogler",
"Jon E. Froehlich"
] | [] | [] | [] |
CHI | 2,015 | How Deceptive are Deceptive Visualizations?: An Empirical Analysis of Common Distortion Techniques | 10.1145/2702123.2702608 | In this paper, we present an empirical analysis of deceptive visualizations. We start with an in-depth analysis of what deception means in the context of data visualization, and categorize deceptive visualizations based on the type of deception they lead to. We identify popular distortion techniques and the type of visualizations those distortions can be applied to, and formalize why deception occurs with those distortions. We create four deceptive visualizations using the selected distortion techniques, and run a crowdsourced user study to identify the deceptiveness of those visualizations. We then present the findings of our study and show how deceptive each of these visual distortion techniques are, and for what kind of questions the misinterpretation occurs. We also analyze individual differences among participants and present the effect of some of those variables on participants' responses. This paper presents a first step in empirically studying deceptive visualizations, and will pave the way for more research in this direction. | false | false | [
"Anshul Vikram Pandey",
"Katharina Rall",
"Margaret L. Satterthwaite",
"Oded Nov",
"Enrico Bertini"
] | [] | [] | [] |
CHI | 2,015 | ImmerseBoard: Immersive Telepresence Experience using a Digital Whiteboard | 10.1145/2702123.2702160 | ImmerseBoard is a system for remote collaboration through a digital whiteboard that gives participants a 3D immersive experience, enabled only by an RGBD camera (Microsoft Kinect) mounted on the side of a large touch display. Using 3D processing of the depth images, life-sized rendering, and novel visualizations, ImmerseBoard emulates writing side-by-side on a physical whiteboard, or alternatively on a mirror. User studies involving three tasks show that compared to standard video conferencing with a digital whiteboard, ImmerseBoard provides participants with a quantitatively better ability to estimate their remote partners' eye gaze direction, gesture direction, intention, and level of agreement. Moreover, these quantitative capabilities translate qualitatively into a heightened sense of being together and a more enjoyable experience. ImmerseBoard's form factor is suitable for practical and easy installation in homes and offices. | false | false | [
"Keita Higuchi",
"Yinpeng Chen",
"Philip A. Chou",
"Zhengyou Zhang",
"Zicheng Liu 0001"
] | [] | [] | [] |
CHI | 2,015 | Infographic Aesthetics: Designing for the First Impression | 10.1145/2702123.2702545 | Information graphics, or infographics, combine elements of data visualization with design and have become an increasingly popular means for disseminating data. While several studies have suggested that aesthetics in visualization and infographics relate to desirable outcomes like engagement and memorability, it remains unknown how quickly aesthetic impressions are formed, and what it is that makes an infographic appealing. We address these questions by analyzing 1,278 participants' ratings on appeal after seeing infographics for 500ms. Our results establish that: 1) people form a reliable first impression of the appeal of an infographic based on a mere exposure effect, 2) this first impression is largely based on colorfulness and visual complexity, and 3) age, gender, and education level influence the preferred level of colorfulness and complexity. More generally, these findings suggest that outcomes such as engagement and memorability might be determined much earlier than previously thought. | false | false | [
"Lane Harrison",
"Katharina Reinecke",
"Remco Chang"
] | [] | [] | [] |
CHI | 2,015 | ISOTYPE Visualization: Working Memory, Performance, and Engagement with Pictographs | 10.1145/2702123.2702275 | Although the infographic and design communities have used simple pictographic representations for decades, it is still unclear whether they can make visualizations more effective. Using simple charts, we tested how pictographic representations impact (1) memory for information just viewed, as well as under the load of additional information, (2) speed of finding information, and (3) engagement and preference in seeking out these visualizations. We find that superfluous images can distract. But we find no user costs -- and some intriguing benefits -- when pictographs are used to represent the data. | false | false | [
"Steve Haroz",
"Robert Kosara",
"Steven L. Franconeri"
] | [] | [] | [] |
CHI | 2,015 | LeviPath: Modular Acoustic Levitation for 3D Path Visualisations | 10.1145/2702123.2702333 | LeviPath is a modular system to levitate objects across 3D paths. It consists of two opposed arrays of transducers that create a standing wave capable of suspending objects in mid-air. To control the standing wave, the system employs a novel algorithm based on combining basic patterns of movement. Our approach allows the control of multiple beads simultaneously along different 3D paths. Due to the patterns and the use of only two opposed arrays, the system is modular and can scale its interaction space by joining several LeviPaths. In this paper, we describe the hardware architecture, the basic patterns of movement and how to combine them to produce 3D path visualisations. | false | false | [
"Themis Omirou",
"Asier Marzo",
"Sue Ann Seah",
"Sriram Subramanian"
] | [] | [] | [] |
CHI | 2,015 | Making Software Tutorial Video Responsive | 10.1145/2702123.2702209 | Tutorial videos are widely available to help people use software. These videos, however, are viewed by users as captured and offer little direct interaction between users and software. This paper presents a video navigation method that allows users to interact with software tutorial video as if they were using the software. To make the tutorial video responsive, our method records the user interaction events like mouse click and drag during capturing the video. Our method then analyzes, selects, and visualizes these user interaction events at the event locations. When a user directly interacts with an event visualization, our method automatically navigates to the proper video frame to provide the visual feedback as if the software were responding to the user input. Thus, our method provides the experience of interacting with the software through directly manipulating the tutorial video. Our study shows our method can better help users follow tutorial videos to complete tasks than the baseline timeline interface. | false | false | [
"Cuong Nguyen 0003",
"Feng Liu 0015"
] | [] | [] | [] |
CHI | 2,015 | MatrixWave: Visual Comparison of Event Sequence Data | 10.1145/2702123.2702419 | Event sequence data analysis is common in many domains, including web and software development, transportation, and medical care. Few have investigated visualization techniques for comparative analysis of multiple event sequence datasets. Grounded in the real-world characteristics of web clickstream data, we explore visualization techniques for comparison of two clickstream datasets collected on different days or from users with different demographics. Through iterative design with web analysts, we designed MatrixWave, a matrix-based representation that allows analysts to get an overview of differences in traffic patterns and interactively explore paths through the website. We use color to encode differences and size to offer context over traffic volume. User feedback on MatrixWave is positive. Our study participants made fewer errors with MatrixWave and preferred it over the more familiar Sankey diagram. | false | false | [
"Jian Zhao 0010",
"Zhicheng Liu 0001",
"Mira Dontcheva",
"Aaron Hertzmann",
"Alan Wilson 0004"
] | [] | [] | [] |
CHI | 2,015 | ModelTracker: Redesigning Performance Analysis Tools for Machine Learning | 10.1145/2702123.2702509 | Model building in machine learning is an iterative process. The performance analysis and debugging step typically involves a disruptive cognitive switch from model building to error analysis, discouraging an informed approach to model building. We present ModelTracker, an interactive visualization that subsumes information contained in numerous traditional summary statistics and graphs while displaying example-level performance and enabling direct error examination and debugging. Usage analysis from machine learning practitioners building real models with ModelTracker over six months shows ModelTracker is used often and throughout model building. A controlled experiment focusing on ModelTracker's debugging capabilities shows participants prefer ModelTracker over traditional tools without a loss in model performance. | false | false | [
"Saleema Amershi",
"Max Chickering",
"Steven Mark Drucker",
"Bongshin Lee",
"Patrice Y. Simard",
"Jina Suh"
] | [] | [] | [] |
CHI | 2,015 | Opportunities and Challenges for Data Physicalization | 10.1145/2702123.2702180 | Physical representations of data have existed for thousands of years. Yet it is now that advances in digital fabrication, actuated tangible interfaces, and shape-changing displays are spurring an emerging area of research that we call Data Physicalization. It aims to help people explore, understand, and communicate data using computer-supported physical data representations. We call these representations physicalizations, analogously to visualizations -- their purely visual counterpart. In this article, we go beyond the focused research questions addressed so far by delineating the research area, synthesizing its open challenges and laying out a research agenda. | false | false | [
"Yvonne Jansen",
"Pierre Dragicevic",
"Petra Isenberg",
"Jason Alexander",
"Abhijit Karnik",
"Johan Kildal",
"Sriram Subramanian",
"Kasper Hornbæk"
] | [] | [] | [] |
CHI | 2,015 | Patina Engraver: Visualizing Activity Logs as Patina in Fashionable Trackers | 10.1145/2702123.2702213 | Despite technological improvements in commercial activity trackers, little attention has been given to their emotional, social, or fashion-related qualities, such as their visual aesthetics and their relationship to self-expression and social connection. As an alternative integrated approach incorporating HCI, fashion, and product design, our project made use of the characteristics of patina to improve activity trackers as fashionable wearables. We developed the Patina Engraving System, which engraves patina-like patterns on an activity tracker according to a user's activity logs. Using a piercing technique, the patina of activity logs has been made abstract, visually rich, gradually emerging, and historically accumulated. During the field trial, we found that the patina motivated the participants to increase exercises for engraving aesthetic patinas. A tracker with patina triggered spontaneous social interactions in face-to-face situations. The participants also cherished the trackers that held their own history. Based on the field trial, we discuss design implications for utilizing patina in designing future fashionable technologies. | false | false | [
"Moon-Hwan Lee",
"Seijin Cha",
"Tek-Jin Nam"
] | [] | [] | [] |
CHI | 2,015 | Personality as a Predictor of User Strategy: How Locus of Control Affects Search Strategies on Tree Visualizations | 10.1145/2702123.2702590 | Individual differences matter. While this has been the theme for many recent works in the Visualization and HCI communities, the mystery of how to develop personalized visualizations remains. This is largely because very little is known about how users actually use visualizations to solve problems and even less is known about how individual differences affect these problem-solving strategies. In this paper, we provide evidence that strategies are indeed influenced by individual differences. We demonstrate how the personality trait locus of control impacts strategies on hierarchical visualizations, and we introduce design recommendations for personalized visualizations. | false | false | [
"Alvitta Ottley",
"Huahai Yang",
"Remco Chang"
] | [] | [] | [] |
CHI | 2,015 | SketchSliders: Sketching Widgets for Visual Exploration on Wall Displays | 10.1145/2702123.2702129 | We introduce a mobile sketching interface for exploring multi-dimensional datasets on wall displays. We demonstrate the idea of SketchSliders, range sliders that users can freely sketch on a mobile surface to customize their exploration. A small combination of sketches and gestures allows the creation of complex interactive sliders, such as circular sliders for periodic data, slider branches for detailed interaction, and fisheye transformation sliders. We augment sliders with a suite of tools, such as markers, slider cursors, and approximate views of data distributions. Our designs are inspired by a design study with three visualization experts and validated through a user study with six experts using our system. Our findings indicate that our sketching interface accommodates a wide range of exploration strategies, helping users customize as well as focus their visual explorations. | false | false | [
"Theophanis Tsandilas",
"Anastasia Bezerianos",
"Thibaut Jacob"
] | [] | [] | [] |
CHI | 2,015 | Statsplorer: Guiding Novices in Statistical Analysis | 10.1145/2702123.2702347 | Each step of statistical analysis requires researchers to make decisions based on both statistical knowledge and the knowledge of their own data. For novice analysts, this is cognitively demanding and can lead to mistakes and misinterpretations of the results. We present Statsplorer, a software that helps novices learn and perform inferential statistical tests. It lets the user kick-start data analysis from their research questions. Statsplorer automatically tests necessary statistical assumptions and uses visualizations to guide the user in both selecting statistical tests and interpreting the results. We compared Statsplorer with a statistics lecture and investigated how Statsplorer prepares novices for learning statistics in an AB/BA crossover experiment. The results indicates that using Statsplorer prior to the lecture leads to significantly better test scores in understanding statistical assumptions and choosing appropriate statistical tests. Statsplorer is open-source and is available online at: http://hci.rwth-aachen.de/statsplorer. | false | false | [
"Chat Wacharamanotham",
"Krishna Subramanian 0002",
"Sarah Theres Völkel",
"Jan O. Borchers"
] | [] | [] | [] |
CHI | 2,015 | Stock Lamp: An Engagement-Versatile Visualization Design | 10.1145/2702123.2702323 | Design methodologies for information visualizations are typically based on the assumption that the users will be fully engaged in the visual exploration of the displayed information. However, recent research suggests that there is an increasing diversity in how users engage with modern visualizations, and that the traditional design theories do not always satisfy the varied users needs. In this paper, we present a new design concept, engagement-versatile design, for visualizations that target users with a variety of engagement styles. Without losing generality, we demonstrate the feasibility of this concept through the designing of a system called Stock Lamp, an engagement-versatile visualization that helps users keep track of the stock market in real-time. This design process includes identifying different modes of engagement, deriving design implications from each engagement-mode, and applying them to the visualization's design. Our user study shows that Stock Lamp is able to consistently relay market information even when the users are multi-tasking. We believe this study establishes a new concept that promotes a systematic design approach that leverages both theoretical and empirical design methodologies for future visualization development. | false | false | [
"Yuzuru Tanahashi",
"Kwan-Liu Ma"
] | [] | [] | [] |
CHI | 2,015 | Storytelling in Information Visualizations: Does it Engage Users to Explore Data? | 10.1145/2702123.2702452 | We present the results of three web-based field experiments, in which we evaluate the impact of using initial narrative visualization techniques and storytelling on user-engagement with exploratory information visualizations. We conducted these experiments on a popular news and opinion outlet, and on a popular visualization gallery website. While data-journalism exposes visualizations to a large public, we do not know how effectively this public makes sense of interactive graphics, and in particular if people explore them to gain additional insight to that provided by the journalists. In contrast to our hypotheses, our results indicate that augmenting exploratory visualizations with introductory 'stories' does not seem to increase user-engagement in exploration. | false | false | [
"Jeremy Boy",
"Françoise Détienne",
"Jean-Daniel Fekete"
] | [] | [] | [] |
CHI | 2,015 | STRATOS: Using Visualization to Support Decisions in Strategic Software Release Planning | 10.1145/2702123.2702426 | Software is typically developed incrementally and released in stages. Planning these releases involves deciding which features of the system should be implemented for each release. This is a complex planning process involving numerous trade-offs-constraints and factors that often make decisions difficult. Since the success of a product depends on this plan, it is important to understand the trade-offs between different release plans in order to make an informed choice. We present STRATOS, a tool that simultaneously visualizes several software release plans. The visualization shows several attributes about each plan that are important to planners. Multiple plans are shown in a single layout to help planners find and understand the trade-offs between alternative plans. We evaluated our tool via a qualitative study and found that STRATOS enables a range of decision-making processes, helping participants decide on which plan is most optimal. | false | false | [
"Bon Adriel Aseniero",
"Tiffany Wun",
"David Ledo",
"Guenther Ruhe",
"Anthony Tang 0001",
"Sheelagh Carpendale"
] | [] | [] | [] |
CHI | 2,015 | TastyBeats: Designing Palatable Representations of Physical Activity | 10.1145/2702123.2702197 | In this paper, we introduce palatable representations that besides improving the understanding of physical activity through abstract visualization also provide an appetizing drink to celebrate the experience of being physically active. By designing such palatable representations, our aim is to offer novel opportunities for reflection on one's physical activities. We present TastyBeats, a fountain-based interactive system that creates a fluidic spectacle of mixing sport drinks based on heart rate data of physical activity, which the user can later consume to replenish the loss of body fluids due to the physical activity. We articulate our experiences in designing the system as well as learning gained through field deployments of the system in participants' homes for a period of two weeks. We found that our system increased participants' awareness of physical activity and facilitated a shared social experience, while the prepared drink was treated as a hedonic reward that motivated participants to exercise more. Ultimately, with this work, we aim to inspire and guide design thinking on palatable representations, which we believe opens up new interaction possibilities to support physical activity experience. | false | false | [
"Rohit Ashok Khot",
"Jeewon Lee",
"Deepti Aggarwal",
"Larissa Hjorth",
"Florian 'Floyd' Mueller"
] | [] | [] | [] |
CHI | 2,015 | The Effects of Representation and Juxtaposition on Graphical Perception of Matrix Visualization | 10.1145/2702123.2702217 | Analyzing multiple networks at once is a common yet difficult task in many domains. Using adjacency matrices for this purpose, however, can be effective because of its superior ability to accommodate dense networks in a small area. We evaluate various representations and juxtaposition designs for visualizing adjacency matrices through a series of controlled experiments. We investigate the effect of using square matrices and triangular matrices on the speed and accuracy of performing graphical-perception tasks. Based on human symmetric perception, we propose two alternative juxtaposition designs to the conventional side-by-side juxtaposition, and study how users perform visual search and comparison tasks regarding different juxtaposition types. Our results show that the matrix representations have similar performance, and the matrix juxtaposition types perform differently. With the design guidelines derived from our studies, we present a compact visualization termed TileMatrix for juxtaposing a large number of matrices, and demonstrate its effectiveness in analyzing multi-faceted, time-varying networks using real-world data. | false | false | [
"Xiaotong Liu",
"Han-Wei Shen"
] | [] | [] | [] |
CHI | 2,015 | Trajectory Bundling for Animated Transitions | 10.1145/2702123.2702476 | Animated transition has been a popular design choice for smoothly switching between different visualization views or layouts, in which movement trajectories are created as cues for tracking objects during location shifting. Tracking moving objects, however, becomes difficult when their movement paths overlap or the number of tracking targets increases. We propose a novel design to facilitate tracking moving objects in animated transitions. Instead of simply animating an object along a straight line, we create "bundled" movement trajectories for a group of objects that have spatial proximity and share similar moving directions. To study the effect of bundled trajectories, we untangle variations due to different aspects of tracking complexity in a comprehensive controlled user study. The results indicate that using bundled trajectories is particularly effective when tracking more targets (six vs. three targets) or when the object movement involves a high degree of occlusion or deformation. Based on the study, we discuss the advantages and limitations of the new technique, as well as provide design implications. | false | false | [
"Fan Du",
"Nan Cao 0001",
"Jian Zhao 0010",
"Yu-Ru Lin"
] | [] | [] | [] |
CHI | 2,015 | TurkBench: Rendering the Market for Turkers | 10.1145/2702123.2702279 | Crowdsourcing is a relatively new model of labor where both the workers and work providers are experiencing its growing pains. A dominant platform that implements this model of labor is Amazon Mechanical Turk (AMT). While AMT has evolved over the years, the changes have focused mainly on work providers and have not addressed the problems workers face (e.g. dealing with market volatility and unpaid time searching for work). In this paper we present emph{TurkBench}, a tool meant to provide workers with personalized market visualization and session management. We discuss the design philosophy of the tool, briefly discuss four Turkers' reaction to a demo, and outline future work. | false | false | [
"Benjamin V. Hanrahan",
"Jutta K. Willamowski",
"Saiganesh Swaminathan",
"David B. Martin 0001"
] | [] | [] | [] |
CHI | 2,015 | Twist and Learn: Interface Learning in 3DOF Exploration of 3D Scatterplots | 10.1145/2702123.2702201 | The increasing availability of 3D interfaces brings promise of improved user experience in diverse areas. Our study focuses on visual analytics, testing whether 3D interactivity improves performance in a visual data exploration task. Specifically, we compared scene rotation around vertical axis to a full 3D rotation using a InterSense IS-900 3D controller, in a task involving trivariate trend detection in a 3D scatterplot. We found that, while 3D rotation leads to slower performance, previous exposure to single-axis rotation removes that difference. This shows that an interactive 3D scatterplot can be an effective visual exploration technique for detecting trivariate patterns in the data, and highlights the role of interface learning in design and assessment of novel interfaces. | false | false | [
"Mark M. Shovman",
"James L. Bown",
"Andrea Szymkowiak",
"Kenneth C. Scott-Brown"
] | [] | [] | [] |
CHI | 2,015 | Understanding Data Videos: Looking at Narrative Visualization through the Cinematography Lens | 10.1145/2702123.2702431 | Data videos, motion graphics that incorporate visualizations about facts, are increasingly gaining popularity as a means of telling stories with data. However, very little is systematically recorded about (a) what elements are featured in data videos and (b) the processes used to create them. In this article, we provide initial insights to build this knowledge. We first report on a qualitative analysis of 50 professionally designed data videos, extracting and exposing their most salient constituents. Second, we report on a series of workshops with experienced storytellers from cinematography, graphics design and screenplay writing. We provided them with a set of data facts and visualizations and observed them create storyboards for data videos. From these exploratory studies, we derive broader implications for the design of an authoring tool to enable a wide audience to create data videos. Our findings highlight the importance of providing a flexible tool supporting a non-linear creation process and allowing users to iteratively go back to different phases of the process. | false | false | [
"Fereshteh Amini",
"Nathalie Henry Riche",
"Bongshin Lee",
"Christophe Hurter",
"Pourang Irani"
] | [] | [] | [] |
CHI | 2,015 | VeilMe: An Interactive Visualization Tool for Privacy Configuration of Using Personality Traits | 10.1145/2702123.2702293 | With the recent advances in using data analytics to automatically infer one's personality traits from their social media data, users are facing a growing tension between the use of the technology to aid self development in workplace and the privacy concerns of such use. Given the richness of personality data that can be derived today and the varied sensitivity of revealing such data, it is a non-trivial task for users to configure their privacy settings for sharing and protecting their derived personality data. Here we present the design, development, and evaluation of an interactive visualization tool, VeilMe, which helps users configure the privacy settings for the use of their personality portraits derived from social media. Unlike other privacy configuration tools, our tool offers two distinct advantages. First, it presents a novel and intuitive visual interface that aids users in understanding and exploring their own personality traits derived from their social media data, and configuring their privacy preferences. Second, our tool helps users to jump start their privacy settings by suggesting initial sharing strategies based on a set of factors, including the users' personality and target audience. We have evaluated the use of our tool with 124 participants in an enterprise context. Our results show that VeilMe effectively supports various user privacy configuration tasks, and also suggest several design implications, including the approaches to personalized privacy configurations. | false | false | [
"Yang Wang",
"Liang Gou",
"Anbang Xu",
"Michelle X. Zhou",
"Huahai Yang",
"Hernan Badenes"
] | [] | [] | [] |
VAST | 2,014 | #FluxFlow: Visual Analysis of Anomalous Information Spreading on Social Media | 10.1109/TVCG.2014.2346922 | We present FluxFlow, an interactive visual analysis system for revealing and analyzing anomalous information spreading in social media. Everyday, millions of messages are created, commented, and shared by people on social media websites, such as Twitter and Facebook. This provides valuable data for researchers and practitioners in many application domains, such as marketing, to inform decision-making. Distilling valuable social signals from the huge crowd's messages, however, is challenging, due to the heterogeneous and dynamic crowd behaviors. The challenge is rooted in data analysts' capability of discerning the anomalous information behaviors, such as the spreading of rumors or misinformation, from the rest that are more conventional patterns, such as popular topics and newsworthy events, in a timely fashion. FluxFlow incorporates advanced machine learning algorithms to detect anomalies, and offers a set of novel visualization designs for presenting the detected threads for deeper analysis. We evaluated FluxFlow with real datasets containing the Twitter feeds captured during significant events such as Hurricane Sandy. Through quantitative measurements of the algorithmic performance and qualitative interviews with domain experts, the results show that the back-end anomaly detection model is effective in identifying anomalous retweeting threads, and its front-end interactive visualizations are intuitive and useful for analysts to discover insights in data and comprehend the underlying analytical model. | false | false | [
"Jian Zhao 0010",
"Nan Cao",
"Zhen Wen",
"Yale Song",
"Yu-Ru Lin",
"Christopher Collins 0001"
] | [
"HM"
] | [] | [] |
VAST | 2,014 | A Five-Level Design Framework for Bicluster Visualizations | 10.1109/TVCG.2014.2346665 | Analysts often need to explore and identify coordinated relationships (e.g., four people who visited the same five cities on the same set of days) within some large datasets for sensemaking. Biclusters provide a potential solution to ease this process, because each computed bicluster bundles individual relationships into coordinated sets. By understanding such computed, structural, relations within biclusters, analysts can leverage their domain knowledge and intuition to determine the importance and relevance of the extracted relationships for making hypotheses. However, due to the lack of systematic design guidelines, it is still a challenge to design effective and usable visualizations of biclusters to enhance their perceptibility and interactivity for exploring coordinated relationships. In this paper, we present a five-level design framework for bicluster visualizations, with a survey of the state-of-the-art design considerations and applications that are related or that can be applied to bicluster visualizations. We summarize pros and cons of these design options to support user tasks at each of the five-level relationships. Finally, we discuss future research challenges for bicluster visualizations and their incorporation into visual analytics tools. | false | false | [
"Maoyuan Sun",
"Chris North 0001",
"Naren Ramakrishnan"
] | [] | [] | [] |
VAST | 2,014 | A System for Visual Analysis of Radio Signal Data | 10.1109/VAST.2014.7042479 | Analysis of radio transmissions is vital for military defense as it provides valuable information about enemy communication and infrastructure. One challenge to the data analysis task is that there are far too many signals for analysts to go through by hand. Even typical signal meta data (such as frequency band, duration, and geographic location) can be overwhelming. In this paper, we present a system for exploring and analyzing such radio signal meta-data. Our system incorporates several visual representations for signal data, designed for readability and ease of comparison, as well as novel algorithms for extracting and classifying consistent signal patterns. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our system using data collected from real missions with an airborne sensor platform. | false | false | [
"Tarik Crnovrsanin",
"Chris Muelder",
"Kwan-Liu Ma"
] | [] | [] | [] |
VAST | 2,014 | A Visual Reasoning Approach for Data-driven Transport Assessment on Urban Roads | 10.1109/VAST.2014.7042486 | Transport assessment plays a vital role in urban planning and traffic control, which are influenced by multi-faceted traffic factors involving road infrastructure and traffic flow. Conventional solutions can hardly meet the requirements and expectations of domain experts. In this paper we present a data-driven solution by leveraging a visual analysis system to evaluate the real traffic situations based on taxi trajectory data. A sketch-based visual interface is designed to support dynamic query and visual reasoning of traffic situations within multiple coordinated views. In particular, we propose a novel road-based query model for analysts to interactively conduct evaluation tasks. This model is supported by a bi-directional hash structure, TripHash, which enables real-time responses to the data queries over a huge amount of trajectory data. Case studies with a real taxi GPS trajectory dataset (> 30GB) show that our system performs well for on-demand transport assessment and reasoning. | false | false | [
"Fei Wang 0016",
"Wei Chen 0001",
"Feiran Wu",
"Ye Zhao 0003",
"Han Hong",
"Tianyu Gu",
"Long Wang",
"Ronghua Liang",
"Hujun Bao"
] | [] | [] | [] |
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