Conference stringclasses 6 values | Year int64 1.99k 2.03k | Title stringlengths 8 187 | DOI stringlengths 16 32 | Abstract stringlengths 128 7.15k ⌀ | Accessible bool 2 classes | Early bool 2 classes | AuthorNames-Deduped listlengths 1 24 | Award listlengths 0 2 | Resources listlengths 0 5 | ResourceLinks listlengths 0 10 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
InfoVis | 2,013 | Visualizing Change over Time Using Dynamic Hierarchies: TreeVersity2 and the StemView | 10.1109/TVCG.2013.231 | To analyze data such as the US Federal Budget or characteristics of the student population of a University it is common to look for changes over time. This task can be made easier and more fruitful if the analysis is performed by grouping by attributes, such as by Agencies, Bureaus and Accounts for the Budget, or Ethnicity, Gender and Major in a University. We present TreeVersity2, a web based interactive data visualization tool that allows users to analyze change in datasets by creating dynamic hierarchies based on the data attributes. TreeVersity2 introduces a novel space filling visualization (StemView) to represent change in trees at multiple levels - not just at the leaf level. With this visualization users can explore absolute and relative changes, created and removed nodes, and each node's actual values, while maintaining the context of the tree. In addition, TreeVersity2 provides overviews of change over the entire time period, and a reporting tool that lists outliers in textual form, which helps users identify the major changes in the data without having to manually setup filters. We validated TreeVersity2 with 12 case studies with organizations as diverse as the National Cancer Institute, Federal Drug Administration, Department of Transportation, Office of the Bursar of the University of Maryland, or eBay. Our case studies demonstrated that TreeVersity2 is flexible enough to be used in different domains and provide useful insights for the data owners. A TreeVersity2 demo can be found at https://treeversity.cattlab.umd.edu. | false | false | [
"John Alexis Guerra Gómez",
"Michael L. Pack",
"Catherine Plaisant",
"Ben Shneiderman"
] | [] | [] | [] |
InfoVis | 2,013 | Visualizing Fuzzy Overlapping Communities in Networks | 10.1109/TVCG.2013.232 | An important feature of networks for many application domains is their community structure. This is because objects within the same community usually have at least one property in common. The investigation of community structure can therefore support the understanding of object attributes from the network topology alone. In real-world systems, objects may belong to several communities at the same time, i.e., communities can overlap. Analyzing fuzzy community memberships is essential to understand to what extent objects contribute to different communities and whether some communities are highly interconnected. We developed a visualization approach that is based on node-link diagrams and supports the investigation of fuzzy communities in weighted undirected graphs at different levels of detail. Starting with the network of communities, the user can continuously drill down to the network of individual nodes and finally analyze the membership distribution of nodes of interest. Our approach uses layout strategies and further visual mappings to graphically encode the fuzzy community memberships. The usefulness of our approach is illustrated by two case studies analyzing networks of different domains: social networking and biological interactions. The case studies showed that our layout and visualization approach helps investigate fuzzy overlapping communities. Fuzzy vertices as well as the different communities to which they belong can be easily identified based on node color and position. | false | false | [
"Corinna Vehlow",
"Thomas Reinhardt",
"Daniel Weiskopf"
] | [] | [] | [] |
InfoVis | 2,013 | Visualizing Request-Flow Comparison to Aid Performance Diagnosis in Distributed Systems | 10.1109/TVCG.2013.233 | Distributed systems are complex to develop and administer, and performance problem diagnosis is particularly challenging. When performance degrades, the problem might be in any of the system's many components or could be a result of poor interactions among them. Recent research efforts have created tools that automatically localize the problem to a small number of potential culprits, but research is needed to understand what visualization techniques work best for helping distributed systems developers understand and explore their results. This paper compares the relative merits of three well-known visualization approaches (side-by-side, diff, and animation) in the context of presenting the results of one proven automated localization technique called request-flow comparison. Via a 26-person user study, which included real distributed systems developers, we identify the unique benefits that each approach provides for different problem types and usage modes. | false | false | [
"Raja R. Sambasivan",
"Ilari Shafer",
"Michelle L. Mazurek",
"Gregory R. Ganger"
] | [] | [] | [] |
InfoVis | 2,013 | What Makes a Visualization Memorable? | 10.1109/TVCG.2013.234 | An ongoing debate in the Visualization community concerns the role that visualization types play in data understanding. In human cognition, understanding and memorability are intertwined. As a first step towards being able to ask questions about impact and effectiveness, here we ask: 'What makes a visualization memorable?' We ran the largest scale visualization study to date using 2,070 single-panel visualizations, categorized with visualization type (e.g., bar chart, line graph, etc.), collected from news media sites, government reports, scientific journals, and infographic sources. Each visualization was annotated with additional attributes, including ratings for data-ink ratios and visual densities. Using Amazon's Mechanical Turk, we collected memorability scores for hundreds of these visualizations, and discovered that observers are consistent in which visualizations they find memorable and forgettable. We find intuitive results (e.g., attributes like color and the inclusion of a human recognizable object enhance memorability) and less intuitive results (e.g., common graphs are less memorable than unique visualization types). Altogether our findings suggest that quantifying memorability is a general metric of the utility of information, an essential step towards determining how to design effective visualizations. | false | false | [
"Michelle Borkin",
"Azalea A. Vo",
"Zoya Bylinskii",
"Phillip Isola",
"Shashank Sunkavalli",
"Aude Oliva",
"Hanspeter Pfister"
] | [] | [] | [] |
EuroVis | 2,013 | A primal/dual representation for discrete Morse complexes on tetrahedral meshes | 10.1111/cgf.12123 | We consider the problem of computing discrete Morse and Morse‐Smale complexes on an unstructured tetrahedral mesh discretizing the domain of a 3D scalar field. We use a duality argument to define the cells of the descending Morse complex in terms of the supplied (primal) tetrahedral mesh and those of the ascending complex in terms of its dual mesh. The Morse‐Smale complex is then described combinatorially as collections of cells from the intersection of the primal and dual meshes. We introduce a simple compact encoding for discrete vector fields attached to the mesh tetrahedra that is suitable for combination with any topological data structure encoding just the vertices and tetrahedra of the mesh. We demonstrate the effectiveness and scalability of our approach over large unstructured tetrahedral meshes by developing algorithms for computing the discrete gradient field and for extracting the cells of the Morse and Morse‐Smale complexes. We compare implementations of our approach on an adjacency‐based topological data structure and on the PR‐star octree, a compact spatio‐topological data structure. | false | false | [
"Kenneth Weiss 0001",
"Federico Iuricich",
"Riccardo Fellegara",
"Leila De Floriani"
] | [] | [] | [] |
EuroVis | 2,013 | A Visual Approach to Investigating Shared and Global Memory Behavior of CUDA Kernels | 10.1111/cgf.12103 | We present an approach to investigate the memory behavior of a parallel kernel executing on thousands of threads simultaneously within the CUDA architecture. Our top‐down approach allows for quickly identifying any significant differences between the execution of the many blocks and warps. As interesting warps are identified, we allow further investigation of memory behavior by visualizing the shared memory bank conflicts and global memory coalescence, first with an overview of a single warp with many operations and, subsequently, with a detailed view of a single warp and a single operation. We demonstrate the strength of our approach in the context of a parallel matrix transpose kernel and a parallel 1D Haar Wavelet transform kernel. | false | false | [
"Paul Rosen 0001"
] | [] | [] | [] |
EuroVis | 2,013 | AmniVis - A System for Qualitative Exploration of Near-Wall Hemodynamics in Cerebral Aneurysms | 10.1111/cgf.12112 | The qualitative exploration of near‐wall hemodynamics in cerebral aneurysms provides important insights for risk assessment. For instance, a direct relation between complex flow patterns and aneurysm formation could be observed. Due to the high complexity of the underlying time‐dependent flow data, the exploration is challenging, in particular for medical researchers not familiar with such data. We present the AmniVis‐Explorer, a system that is designed for the preparation of a qualitative medical study. The provided features were developed in close collaboration with medical researchers involved in the study. This comprises methods for a purposeful selection of surface regions of interest and a novel approach to provide a 2D overview of flow patterns that are represented by streamlines at these regions. Furthermore, we present a specialized interface that supports binary classification of patterns and temporal exploration as well as methods for selection, highlighting and automatic 3D navigation to particular patterns. Based on eight representative datasets, we conducted informal interviews with two bord‐certified radiologists and a flow expert to evaluate the system. It was confirmed that the AmniVis‐Explorer allows for an easy selection, qualitative exploration and classification of near‐wall flow patterns that are represented by streamlines. | false | false | [
"Mathias Neugebauer",
"Kai Lawonn",
"Oliver Beuing",
"Philipp Berg",
"Gábor Janiga",
"Bernhard Preim"
] | [] | [] | [] |
EuroVis | 2,013 | An Information-Theoretic Observation Channel for Volume Visualization | 10.1111/cgf.12128 | Different quality metrics have been proposed in the literature to evaluate how well a visualization represents the underlying data. In this paper, we present a new information‐theoretic framework that quantifies the information transfer between the source data set and the rendered image. This approach is based on the definition of an observation channel whose input and output are given by the intensity values of the volumetric data set and the pixel colors, respectively. From this channel, the mutual information, a measure of information transfer or correlation between the input and the output, is used as a metric to evaluate the visualization quality. The usefulness of the proposed observation channel is illustrated with three fundamental visualization applications: selection of informative viewpoints, transfer function design, and light positioning. | false | false | [
"Roger Bramon",
"Marc Ruiz 0002",
"Anton Bardera",
"Imma Boada",
"Miquel Feixas",
"Mateu Sbert"
] | [] | [] | [] |
EuroVis | 2,013 | An Interactive Analysis and Exploration Tool for Epigenomic Data | 10.1111/cgf.12096 | In this design study, we present an analysis and abstraction of the data and tasks related to the domain of epigenomics, and the design and implementation of an interactive tool to facilitate data analysis and visualization in this domain. Epigenomic data can be grouped into subsets either by k‐means clustering or by querying for combinations of presence or absence of signal (on/off) in different epigenomic experiments. These steps can easily be interleaved and the comparison of different workflows is explicitly supported. We took special care to contain the exponential expansion of possible on/off combinations by creating a novel querying interface. An interactive heat map facilitates the exploration and comparison of different clusters. We validated our iterative design by working closely with two groups of biologists on different biological problems. Both groups quickly found new insight into their data as well as claimed that our tool would save them several hours or days of work over using existing tools. | false | false | [
"Hamid Younesy",
"Cydney B. Nielsen",
"Torsten Möller",
"Olivia Alder",
"Rebecca Cullum",
"Matthew C. Lorincz",
"Mohammad M. Karimi",
"Steven J. M. Jones"
] | [] | [] | [] |
EuroVis | 2,013 | AOI Rivers for Visualizing Dynamic Eye Gaze Frequencies | 10.1111/cgf.12115 | It is difficult to explore and analyze eye gaze trajectories for commonly applied visual task solution strategies because such data shows complex spatio‐temporal structure. In particular, the traditional eye gaze plots of scan paths fail for a large number of study participants since these plots lead to much visual clutter. To address this problem we introduce the AOI Rivers technique as a novel interactive visualization method for investigating time‐varying fixation frequencies, transitions between areas of interest (AOIs), and the sequential order of gaze visits to AOIs in a visual stimulus of an eye tracking experiment. To this end, we extend the ThemeRiver technique by influents, effluents, and transitions similar to the concept of Sankey diagrams. The AOI Rivers visualization is complemented by linked spatial views of the data in the form of heatmaps, gaze plots, or display of the visual stimulus. The usefulness of our technique is demonstrated for gaze trajectory data recorded in a previously conducted eye tracking experiment. | false | false | [
"Michael Burch",
"Andreas Kull",
"Daniel Weiskopf"
] | [] | [] | [] |
EuroVis | 2,013 | Augmenting Visualization with Natural Language Translation of Interaction: A Usability Study | 10.1111/cgf.12126 | As visualization tools get more complicated, users often find it increasingly difficult to learn interaction sequences, recall past queries, and interpret visual states. We examine a query‐to‐question (Q2Q) supporting system that takes advantage of natural language generation (NLG) techniques to automatically translate and display query interactions as natural language questions. We focus on a symmetric pattern of multiple coordinated views, cross‐filtered views, that involves only nominal/categorical data. We describe a study of the effects of pairing a visualization with a Q2Q interface on several aspects of usability. Q2Q produces considerable improvements in learnability, efficiency, and memorability of visualization in terms of speed and the length of interaction sequences that users follow, along with a modest decrease in error ratio. From a visual language perspective, we analyze how Q2Q speeds up users’ comprehension of interaction, particularly when a visualization representation has deficiencies in illustrating hidden items or relationships. | false | false | [
"Maryam Nafari",
"Chris E. Weaver"
] | [] | [] | [] |
EuroVis | 2,013 | Comparative Visualization of Tracer Uptake in In Vivo Small Animal PET/CT Imaging of the Carotid Arteries | 10.1111/cgf.12111 | Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of death in the western world. Medical research on atherosclerosis is therefore of great interest and a very active research topic. We present a visualization system that supports scientists in exploring plaque development and evaluating the applicability of PET tracers for early diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases. In our application case a cone shaped cuff has been implanted around the carotid artery of ApoE knockout mice, fed with a high cholesterol western type diet. As a result, vascular lesions develop upstream and downstream from the cuff. Tracer uptake induced by these lesions needs to be analyzed in order to evaluate the effectiveness of different PET tracers. We discuss the approach previously utilized to perform this kind of analysis, the problems arising from in vivo image acquisition (in contrast to ex vivo) and the design process of our application. In close cooperation with domain experts we have developed new visualization techniques that display PET activity in the vessel wall and surrounding tissue in a single image. We use the vessel wall detected in the CT image to perform a normalized circular projection which allows the user to judge PET signal distribution in relation to the deformed vessel. Based on this projection a quantitative analysis of a defined region adjacent to the vessel wall can be performed and compared to the artery without the cuff. | false | false | [
"Stefan Diepenbrock",
"Sven Hermann",
"Michael Schäfers 0001",
"Michael Kuhlmann",
"Klaus H. Hinrichs"
] | [] | [] | [] |
EuroVis | 2,013 | Complexity Plots | 10.1111/cgf.12098 | In this paper, we present a novel visualization technique for assisting the observation and analysis of algorithmic complexity. In comparison with conventional line graphs, this new technique is not sensitive to the units of measurement, allowing multivariate data series of different physical qualities (e.g., time, space and energy) to be juxtaposed together conveniently and consistently. It supports multivariate visualization as well as uncertainty visualization. It enables users to focus on algorithm categorization by complexity classes, while reducing visual impact caused by constants and algorithmic components that are insignificant to complexity analysis. It provides an effective means for observing the algorithmic complexity of programs with a mixture of algorithms and black‐box software through visualization. Through two case studies, we demonstrate the effectiveness of complexity plots in complexity analysis in research, education and application. | false | false | [
"Jeyarajan Thiyagalingam",
"Simon J. Walton",
"Brian Duffy",
"Anne E. Trefethen",
"Min Chen 0001"
] | [] | [] | [] |
EuroVis | 2,013 | Constructing Isosurfaces with Sharp Edges and Corners using Cube Merging | 10.1111/cgf.12088 | A number of papers present algorithms to construct isosurfaces with sharp edges and corners from hermite data, i.e. the exact surface normals at the exact intersection of the surface and grid edges. We discuss some fundamental problems with the previous algorithms and describe a new approach, based on merging grid cubes near sharp edges, that produces significantly better results. Our algorithm requires only gradients at the grid vertices, not at each surface‐edge intersection point. We also give a method for measuring the correctness of the resulting sharp edges and corners in the isosurface. | false | false | [
"Arindam Bhattacharya",
"Rephael Wenger"
] | [] | [] | [] |
EuroVis | 2,013 | Continuous Representation of Projected Attribute Spaces of Multifields over Any Spatial Sampling | 10.1111/cgf.12117 | For the visual analysis of multidimensional data, dimension reduction methods are commonly used to project to a lower‐dimensional visual space. In the context of multifields, i.e., volume data with a multidimensional attribute space, the spatial arrangement of the samples in the volumetric domain can be exploited to generate a Continuous Representation of the Projected Attribute Space (CoRPAS). Here, the sample locations in the volumetric domain may be arranged in a structured or unstructured way and may or may not be connected by a grid or a mesh. We propose an approach to generate CoRPAS for any sample arrangement using an isotropic density function. An interactive visual exploration system with three coordinated views of volume visualization, CoRPAS, and an interaction widget based on star coordinates is presented. The star‐coordinates widget provides an intuitive means for the user to change the projection matrix. The coordinated views allow for feature selection in form of brushing and linking. The approach is applied to both synthetic data and data resulting from numerical simulations of physical phenomena. In particular, simulations based on Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics are addressed, where the simulation kernel can be used to produce a CoRPAS that is consistent with the simulation. We also show how a logarithmic scaling of attribute values in CoRPAS is supported, which is of high practical relevance. | false | false | [
"Vladimir Molchanov",
"Alexey Fofonov",
"Lars Linsen"
] | [] | [] | [] |
EuroVis | 2,013 | dPSO-Vis: Topology-based Visualization of Discrete Particle Swarm Optimization | 10.1111/cgf.12122 | Particle swarm optimization (PSO) is a metaheuristic that has been applied successfully to many continuous and combinatorial optimization problems, e.g., in the fields of economics, engineering, and natural sciences. In PSO, a swarm of particles moves within a search space in order to find an optimal solution. Unfortunately, it is hard to understand in detail why and how changes in the design of PSO algorithms affect the optimization behavior. Visualizing the particle states could provide substantially better insight into PSO algorithms. Though in case of combinatorial optimization problems, it often raises the problem of illustrating the states within the discrete search space that cannot be embedded spatially. We propose a visualization approach to depict the optimization problem topologically using a landscape metaphor. This visualization is augmented by an illustration of the time‐dependent states of the particles. Thus, the user of dPSO‐Vis is able to analyze the swarm's behavior within the search space. In principle, our method can be used for any optimization algorithm where a swarm of individuals searches within a discrete search space. Our approach is verified with a case study for the PSO algorithm HelixPSO that predicts the secondary structure of RNA molecules. | false | false | [
"Sebastian Volke",
"Martin Middendorf",
"Mario Hlawitschka",
"Jens Kasten",
"Dirk Zeckzer",
"Gerik Scheuermann"
] | [] | [] | [] |
EuroVis | 2,013 | EvalBench: A Software Library for Visualization Evaluation | 10.1111/cgf.12091 | It is generally acknowledged in visualization research that it is necessary to evaluate visualization artifacts in order to provide empirical evidence on their effectiveness and efficiency as well as their usability and utility. However, the difficulties of conducting such evaluations still remain an issue. Apart from the required know‐how to appropriately design and conduct user studies, the necessary implementation effort for evaluation features in visualization software is a considerable obstacle. To mitigate this, we present EvalBench, an easy‐to‐use, flexible, and reusable software library for visualization evaluation written in Java. We describe its design choices and basic abstractions of our conceptual architecture and demonstrate its applicability by a number of case studies. EvalBench reduces implementation effort for evaluation features and makes conducting user studies easier. It can be used and integrated with third‐party visualization prototypes that need to be evaluated via loose coupling. EvalBench supports both, quantitative and qualitative evaluation methods such as controlled experiments, interaction logging, laboratory questionnaires, heuristic evaluations, and insight diaries. | false | false | [
"Wolfgang Aigner",
"Stephan Hoffmann",
"Alexander Rind"
] | [] | [
"PW",
"P",
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EuroVis | 2,013 | Evaluating Isosurfaces with Level-set-based Information Maps | 10.1111/cgf.12087 | While isosurfaces have been widely used for scalar data visualization, it is often difficult to determine if the selected isosurfaces for visualization are sufficient to represent the entire scalar field. In this paper, we present an information‐theoretic approach to evaluate the representativeness of a given isosurface set. Our basic idea is that given two isosurfaces that enclose a subvolume, if the intermediate isosurfaces in the subvolume can be generated by smoothly morphing from one isosurface to the other, no additional isosurfaces are needed since the geometry of the true isosurfaces within the subvolume can be easily inferred. To realize this idea, given a pair of isosurfaces, to determine if such a smooth condition in the enclosed region is satisfied, we use a level‐set approach to generate the intermediate surfaces. On each intermediate surface, we sample the values from the scalar field and exam the distribution. If the entropy of the distribution is low, this intermediate surface is aligned well with a true isosurface in the scalar field. For the intermediate surfaces generated by the level‐set method from the boundary isosurfaces, the distributions of scalar values from the level‐set surfaces form a 2D distribution, called isosurface information map. This information map can be used as an indicator of the representativeness of the boundary isosurfaces for the data in the subregion, allowing a quantitative measurement of information representable by the input isosurfaces. Based on this information‐theoretic approach, this paper presents an isosurface selection algorithm that can automatically select isosurfaces for more effective visualization of scalar fields. | false | false | [
"Tzu-Hsuan Wei",
"Teng-Yok Lee",
"Han-Wei Shen"
] | [] | [] | [] |
EuroVis | 2,013 | Evaluation of Attention-Guiding Video Visualization | 10.1111/cgf.12092 | We investigate four different variants of attention‐guiding video visualization techniques that aim to help users distribute their attention equally among potential objects of interest: bounding box visualization, force‐directed visualization, top‐down visualization, grid visualization. Objects of interest are highlighted by rectangular shapes and then we concentrate on the manipulation of color, motion, and size. We conducted a controlled laboratory user study (n=25) to compare the four visualization techniques and the unmodified video material as baseline. We evaluated task performance and distribution of attention in a search task. These two properties become especially important when video material with numerous objects has to be observed. The distribution of attention was measured by eye tracking. Our results show that a more even distribution of attention between the objects can be achieved by attention‐guiding visualization, compared to unmodified video. Many participants feel more comfortable when they look at bounding boxes and the grid, but improvements in search task performance could not be confirmed. | false | false | [
"Kuno Kurzhals",
"Markus Höferlin",
"Daniel Weiskopf"
] | [] | [] | [] |
EuroVis | 2,013 | Evolutionary Visual Exploration: Evaluation With Expert Users | 10.1111/cgf.12090 | We present an Evolutionary Visual Exploration (EVE) system that combines visual analytics with stochastic optimisation to aid the exploration of multidimensional datasets characterised by a large number of possible views or projections. Starting from dimensions whose values are automatically calculated by a PCA, an interactive evolutionary algorithm progressively builds (or evolves) non‐trivial viewpoints in the form of linear and non‐linear dimension combinations, to help users discover new interesting views and relationships in their data. The criteria for evolving new dimensions is not known a priori and are partially specified by the user via an interactive interface: (i) The user selects views with meaningful or interesting visual patterns and provides a satisfaction score. (ii) The system calibrates a fitness function (optimised by the evolutionary algorithm) to take into account the user input, and then calculates new views. Our method leverages automatic tools to detect interesting visual features and human interpretation to derive meaning, validate the findings and guide the exploration without having to grasp advanced statistical concepts. To validate our method, we built a prototype tool (EvoGraphDice) as an extension of an existing scatterplot matrix inspection tool, and conducted an observational study with five domain experts. Our results show that EvoGraphDice can help users quantify qualitative hypotheses and try out different scenarios to dynamically transform their data. Importantly, it allowed our experts to think laterally, better formulate their research questions and build new hypotheses for further investigation. | false | false | [
"Nadia Boukhelifa",
"Waldo Cancino Ticona",
"Anastasia Bezerianos",
"Evelyne Lutton"
] | [] | [] | [] |
EuroVis | 2,013 | ExPlates: Spatializing Interactive Analysis to Scaffold Visual Exploration | 10.1111/cgf.12131 | Visual exploration involves using visual representations to investigate data where the goals of the process are unclear and poorly defined. However, this often places unduly high cognitive load on the user, particularly in terms of keeping track of multiple investigative branches, remembering earlier results, and correlating between different views. We propose a new methodology for automatically spatializing the individual steps in visual exploration onto a large visual canvas, allowing users to easily recall, reflect, and assess their progress. We also present a web‐based implementation of our methodology called ExPlatesJS where users can manipulate multidimensional data in their browsers, automatically building visual queries as they explore the data. | false | false | [
"Waqas Javed",
"Niklas Elmqvist"
] | [] | [] | [] |
EuroVis | 2,013 | Fingerprint Matrices: Uncovering the dynamics of social networks in prose literature | 10.1111/cgf.12124 | In prose literature often complex dynamics of interpersonal relationships can be observed between the different characters. Traditionally, node‐link diagrams are used to depict the social network of a novel. However, static graphs can only visualize the overall social network structure but not the development of the networks over the course of the story, while dynamic graphs have the serious problem that there are many sudden changes between different portions of the overall social network. In this paper we explore means to show the relationships between the characters of a plot and at the same time their development over the course of a novel. Based on a careful exploration of the design space, we suggest a new visualization technique called Fingerprint Matrices. A case study exemplifies the usage of Fingerprint Matrices and shows that they are an effective means to analyze prose literature with respect to the development of relationships between the different characters. | false | false | [
"Daniela Oelke",
"Dimitrios Kokkinakis",
"Daniel A. Keim"
] | [] | [] | [] |
EuroVis | 2,013 | Gestaltlines | 10.1111/cgf.12104 | We propose a general technique to visualize multivariate data sequences. It is based on a symbiotic combination of three powerful concepts from information visualization: sparklines, glyphs and gestalt theory. By visualizing several well‐known data sets in new ways we first demonstrate how explicit consideration of gestalt principles can be used to leverage visual perception capabilities for the identification of patterns such as trends, periodicities, change points, or outliers. A more detailed case study with complex and noisy data from a psychological experiment then demonstrates how basic design ideas for gestaltlines can be applied in less controlled, and thus more realistic, situations. The case study is complemented with reports on feedback from domain experts and a user study, both indicating that gestaltlines can be a convenient and valid means to explore and communicate patterns in micro‐visualizations. | false | false | [
"Ulrik Brandes",
"Bobo Nick",
"Brigitte Rockstroh",
"Astrid Steffen"
] | [] | [] | [] |
EuroVis | 2,013 | HiFiVE: A Hilbert Space Embedding of Fiber Variability Estimates for Uncertainty Modeling and Visualization | 10.1111/cgf.12099 | Obtaining reproducible fiber direction estimates from diffusion MRI is crucial for successful fiber tracking. Modeling and visualizing the probability distribution of the inferred fiber directions is an important step in evaluating and comparing different acquisition schemes and fiber models. However, this distribution is usually strongly dominated by its main direction, which makes it difficult to examine when plotted naively.In this work, we propose a new visualization of the fiber probability distribution. It is based on embedding the probability measure into a particular reproducing kernel Hilbert space. This permits a decomposition into an embedded delta peak, representing the main direction, and a non‐negative residual. They are then combined into a new glyph representation which visually enhances the residual, in order to highlight even subtle differences. Moreover, the magnitude of the delta peak component quantifies precision of the main fiber direction. We demonstrate that our new glyph provides a more detailed impression of the uncertainty than the current standard method, cones that contain 95% of the estimated directions. We use our new method to contribute to the validation of different ways of resampling the data (bootstrapping), and to visualize the differences between alternative acquisition schemes and models for high angular resolution diffusion imaging (HARDI). | false | false | [
"Thomas Schultz 0001",
"Lara Schlaffke",
"Bernhard Schölkopf",
"Tobias Schmidt-Wilcke"
] | [] | [] | [] |
EuroVis | 2,013 | imMens: Real-time Visual Querying of Big Data | 10.1111/cgf.12129 | Data analysts must make sense of increasingly large data sets, sometimes with billions or more records. We present methods for interactive visualization of big data, following the principle that perceptual and interactive scalability should be limited by the chosen resolution of the visualized data, not the number of records. We first describe a design space of scalable visual summaries that use data reduction methods (such as binned aggregation or sampling) to visualize a variety of data types. We then contribute methods for interactive querying (e.g., brushing & linking) among binned plots through a combination of multivariate data tiles and parallel query processing. We implement our techniques in imMens, a browser‐based visual analysis system that uses WebGL for data processing and rendering on the GPU. In benchmarks imMens sustains 50 frames‐per‐second brushing & linking among dozens of visualizations, with invariant performance on data sizes ranging from thousands to billions of records. | false | false | [
"Zhicheng Liu",
"Biye Jiang",
"Jeffrey Heer"
] | [] | [] | [] |
EuroVis | 2,013 | Interactive Extraction and Tracking of Biomolecular Surface Features | 10.1111/cgf.12120 | We present a coordinated‐view application for the analysis of molecular surface features like cavities, channels and pockets. Our tool employs object‐space ambient occlusion for the detection of such features and tracks them over time. It offers time‐dependent graphs of metrics concerning those features and allows analyzing the temporal relationship of the features, i.e. when they (dis)appear, split or merge and which features participate in each of these events. The automated analysis process is performed in real time while the user interactively explores a dynamic data set. The system supports linking and brushing to allow for a user‐guided visual analysis based on different aspects of the data. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach by applying it to data sets from biochemistry and report the insights that can be gained. We also evaluate the benefits of our method with respect to recent advancements in the field. The algorithmic pipeline leverages the computing power of modern GPUs, thus achieving interactive frame rates without any precomputation for fully dynamic data sets. | false | false | [
"Michael Krone",
"Guido Reina",
"Christoph Schulz 0001",
"Tobias Kulschewski",
"Jürgen Pleiss",
"Thomas Ertl"
] | [] | [] | [] |
EuroVis | 2,013 | Interactive Ray Casting of Geodesic Grids | 10.1111/cgf.12135 | Geodesic grids are commonly used to model the surface of a sphere and are widely applied in numerical simulations of geoscience applications. These applications range from biodiversity, to climate change and to ocean circulation. Direct volume rendering of scalar fields defined on a geodesic grid facilitates scientists in visually understanding their large scale data. Previous solutions requiring to first transform the geodesic grid into another grid structure (e.g., hexahedral or tetrahedral grid) for using graphics hardware are not acceptable for large data, because such approaches incur significant computing and storage overhead. In this paper, we present a new method for efficient ray casting of geodesic girds by leveraging the power of Graphics Processing Units (GPUs). A geodesic grid can be directly fetched from storage or streamed from simulations to the rendering stage without the need of any intermediate grid transformation. We have designed and implemented a new analytic scheme to efficiently perform value interpolation for ray integration and gradient calculations for lighting. This scheme offers a more cost‐effective rendering solution over the existing direct rendering approach. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our rendering solution using real‐world geoscience data. | false | false | [
"Jinrong Xie",
"Hongfeng Yu 0001",
"Kwan-Liu Ma"
] | [] | [] | [] |
EuroVis | 2,013 | Mass-Dependent Integral Curves in Unsteady Vector Fields | 10.1111/cgf.12108 | Recent research in flow visualization is focusing on the analysis of time‐dependent, but mass‐less particles. However, in many application scenarios, the mass of particles – and their resulting inertia – is essential in understanding fluid mechanics. This includes critical processes, such as dust particles interacting with aircraft (e.g., brown‐or white‐out effects) and particle separation based on density variation. In this paper, we contribute a generalized description of mass‐dependent particle trajectories and apply existing unsteady flow visualization methods to the mass‐dependent case. This comprises the extension of common concepts, i.e., path lines, streak lines, and time lines. Furthermore, we introduce a new class of integral curves, called mass lines that effectively visualizes mass separation and captures mass‐related features in unsteady flow fields that are inaccessible using traditional methods. We demonstrate the applicability of our method, using a number of real‐world and artificial data sets, in which mass is a crucial parameter. In particular, we focus on the analysis of brown‐out conditions, introduced by a helicopter in forward flight close to the ground. | false | false | [
"Tobias Günther",
"Alexander Kuhn",
"Benjamin Kutz",
"Holger Theisel"
] | [] | [] | [] |
EuroVis | 2,013 | Maximum Entropy Summary Trees | 10.1111/cgf.12094 | Given a very large, node‐weighted, rooted tree on, say, n nodes, if one has only enough space to display a k‐node summary of the tree, what is the most informative way to draw the tree? We define a type of weighted tree that we call a summary tree of the original tree that results from aggregating nodes of the original tree subject to certain constraints. We suggest that the best choice of which summary tree to use (among those with a fixed number of nodes) is the one that maximizes the information‐theoretic entropy of a natural probability distribution associated with the summary tree, and we provide a (pseudopolynomial‐time) dynamic‐programming algorithm to compute this maximum entropy summary tree, when the weights are integral. The result is an automated way to summarize large trees and retain as much information about them as possible, while using (and displaying) only a fraction of the original node set. We illustrate the computation and use of maximum entropy summary trees on five real data sets whose weighted tree representations vary widely in structure. We also provide an additive approximation algorithm and a greedy heuristic that are faster than the optimal algorithm, and generalize to trees with real‐valued weights. | false | false | [
"Howard J. Karloff",
"Kenneth E. Shirley"
] | [
"HM"
] | [] | [] |
EuroVis | 2,013 | Nonparametric Models for Uncertainty Visualization | 10.1111/cgf.12100 | An uncertain (scalar, vector, tensor) field is usually perceived as a discrete random field with a priori unknown probability distributions. To compute derived probabilities, e.g. for the occurrence of certain features, an appropriate probabilistic model has to be selected. The majority of previous approaches in uncertainty visualization were restricted to Gaussian fields. In this paper we extend these approaches to nonparametric models, which are much more flexible, as they can represent various types of distributions, including multimodal and skewed ones. We present three examples of nonparametric representations: (a) empirical distributions, (b) histograms and (c) kernel density estimates (KDE). While the first is a direct representation of the ensemble data, the latter two use reconstructed probability density functions of continuous random variables. For KDE we propose an approach to compute valid consistent marginal distributions and to efficiently capture correlations using a principal component transformation. Furthermore, we use automatic bandwidth selection, obtaining a model for probabilistic local feature extraction. The methods are demonstrated by computing probabilities of level crossings, critical points and vortex cores in simulated biofluid dynamics and climate data. | false | false | [
"Kai Pöthkow",
"Hans-Christian Hege"
] | [] | [] | [] |
EuroVis | 2,013 | Progressive High-Quality Response Surfaces for Visually Guided Sensitivity Analysis | 10.1111/cgf.12089 | In this paper we present a technique which allows us to perform high quality and progressive response surface prediction from multidimensional input samples in an efficient manner. We utilize kriging interpolation to estimate a response surface which minimizes the expectation value and variance of the prediction error. High computational efficiency is achieved by employing parallel matrix and vector operations on the GPU. Our approach differs from previous kriging approaches in that it uses a novel progressive updating scheme for new samples based on blockwise matrix inversion. In this way we can handle very large sample sets to which new samples are continually added. Furthermore, we can monitor the incremental evolution of the surface, providing a means to early terminate the computation when no significant changes have occurred. When the generation of input samples is fast enough, our technique enables steering this generation process interactively to find relevant dependency relations. | false | false | [
"Ismail Demir",
"Rüdiger Westermann"
] | [] | [] | [] |
EuroVis | 2,013 | Rule-based Visual Mappings - with a Case Study on Poetry Visualization | 10.1111/cgf.12125 | In this paper, we present a user‐centered design study on poetry visualization. We develop a rule‐based solution to address the conflicting needs for maintaining the flexibility of visualizing a large set of poetic variables and for reducing the tedium and cognitive load in interacting with the visual mapping control panel. We adopt Munzner's nested design model to maintain high‐level interactions with the end users in a closed loop. In addition, we examine three design options for alleviating the difficulty in visualizing poems latitudinally. We present several example uses of poetry visualization in scholarly research on poetry. | false | false | [
"Alfie Abdul-Rahman",
"Julie Lein",
"Katherine Coles",
"Eamonn Maguire",
"Miriah D. Meyer",
"Martin Wynne",
"Chris R. Johnson 0001",
"Anne E. Trefethen",
"Min Chen 0001"
] | [] | [] | [] |
EuroVis | 2,013 | Scale-Stack Bar Charts | 10.1111/cgf.12105 | It is difficult to create appropriate bar charts for data that cover large value ranges. The usual approach for these cases employs a logarithmic scale, which, however, suffers from issues inherent to its non‐linear mapping: for example, a quantitative comparison of different values is difficult. We present a new approach for bar charts that combines the advantages of linear and logarithmic scales, while avoiding their drawbacks. Our scale‐stack bar charts use multiple scales to cover a large value range, while the linear mapping within each scale preserves the ability to visually compare quantitative ratios. Scale‐stack bar charts can be used for the same applications as classic bar charts; in particular, they can readily handle stacked bar representations and negative values. Our visualization technique is demonstrated with results for three different application areas and is assessed by an expert review and a quantitative user study confirming advantages of our technique for quantitative comparisons. | false | false | [
"Marcel Hlawatsch",
"Filip Sadlo",
"Michael Burch",
"Daniel Weiskopf"
] | [] | [] | [] |
EuroVis | 2,013 | Selecting Semantically-Resonant Colors for Data Visualization | 10.1111/cgf.12127 | We introduce an algorithm for automatic selection of semantically‐resonant colors to represent data (e.g., using blue for data about “oceans”, or pink for “love”). Given a set of categorical values and a target color palette, our algorithm matches each data value with a unique color. Values are mapped to colors by collecting representative images, analyzing image color distributions to determine value‐color affinity scores, and choosing an optimal assignment. Our affinity score balances the probability of a color with how well it discriminates among data values. A controlled study shows that expert‐chosen semantically‐resonant colors improve speed on chart reading tasks compared to a standard palette, and that our algorithm selects colors that lead to similar gains. A second study verifies that our algorithm effectively selects colors across a variety of data categories. | false | false | [
"Sharon Lin",
"Julie Fortuna",
"Chinmay Kulkarni 0001",
"Maureen C. Stone",
"Jeffrey Heer"
] | [
"BP"
] | [] | [] |
EuroVis | 2,013 | Small Multiples, Large Singles: A New Approach for Visual Data Exploration | 10.1111/cgf.12106 | We present a novel visual exploration method based on small multiples and large singles for effective and efficient data analysis. Users are enabled to explore the state space by offering multiple alternatives from the current state. Users can then select the alternative of choice and continue the analysis. Furthermore, the intermediate steps in the exploration process are preserved and can be revisited and adapted using an intuitive navigation mechanism based on the well‐known undo‐redo stack and filmstrip metaphor. As proof of concept the exploration method is implemented in a prototype. The effectiveness of the exploration method is tested using a formal user study comparing four different interaction methods. By using Small Multiples as data exploration method users need fewer steps in answering questions and also explore a significantly larger part of the state space in the same amount of time, providing them with a broader perspective on the data, hence lowering the chance of missing important features. Also, users prefer visual exploration with small multiples over non‐small multiple variants. | false | false | [
"Stef van den Elzen",
"Jarke J. van Wijk"
] | [] | [] | [] |
EuroVis | 2,013 | Spatially Efficient Design of Annotated Metro Maps | 10.1111/cgf.12113 | Annotating metro maps with thumbnail photographs is a commonly used technique for guiding travelers. However, conventional methods usually suffer from small labeling space around the metro stations especially when they are interchange stations served by two or more metro lines. This paper presents an approach for aesthetically designing schematic metro maps while ensuring effective placement of large annotation labels that are sufficiently close to their corresponding stations. Our idea is to distribute such labels in a well‐balanced manner to labeling regions around the metro network first and then adjust the lengths of metro line and leader line segments, which allows us to fully maximize the space coverage of the entire annotated map. This is accomplished by incorporating additional constraints into the conventional mixed‐integer programming formulation, while we devised a three‐step algorithm for accelerating the overall optimization process. We include several design examples to demonstrate the spatial efficiency of the map layout generated using the proposed approach through minimal user intervention. | false | false | [
"Hsiang-Yun Wu",
"Shigeo Takahashi",
"Daichi Hirono",
"Masatoshi Arikawa",
"Chun-Cheng Lin",
"Hsu-Chun Yen"
] | [] | [] | [] |
EuroVis | 2,013 | Streamlines for Illustrative Real-Time Rendering | 10.1111/cgf.12119 | Line drawing techniques are important methods to illustrate shapes. Existing feature line methods, e.g., suggestive contours, apparent ridges, or photic extremum lines, solely determine salient regions and illustrate them with separate lines. Hatching methods convey the shape by drawing a wealth of lines on the whole surface. Both approaches are often not sufficient for a faithful visualization of organic surface models, e.g., in biology or medicine. In this paper, we present a novel object‐space line drawing algorithm that conveys the shape of such surface models in real‐time. Our approach employs contour‐ and feature‐based illustrative streamlines to convey surface shape (ConFIS). For every triangle, precise streamlines are calculated on the surface with a given curvature vector field. Salient regions are detected by determining maxima and minima of a scalar field. Compared with existing feature lines and hatching methods, ConFIS uses the advantages of both categories in an effective and flexible manner. We demonstrate this with different anatomical and artificial surface models. In addition, we conducted a qualitative evaluation of our technique to compare our results with exemplary feature line and hatching methods. | false | false | [
"Kai Lawonn",
"Tobias Mönch",
"Bernhard Preim"
] | [] | [] | [] |
EuroVis | 2,013 | Synthetic Brainbows | 10.1111/cgf.12134 | Brainbow is a genetic engineering technique that randomly colorizes cells. Biological samples processed with this technique and imaged with confocal microscopy have distinctive colors for individual cells. Complex cellular structures can then be easily visualized. However, the complexity of the Brainbow technique limits its applications. In practice, most confocal microscopy scans use different florescence staining with typically at most three distinct cellular structures. These structures are often packed and obscure each other in rendered images making analysis difficult. In this paper, we leverage a process known as GPU framebuffer feedback loops to synthesize Brainbow‐like images. In addition, we incorporate ID shuffling and Monte‐Carlo sampling into our technique, so that it can be applied to single‐channel confocal microscopy data. The synthesized Brainbow images are presented to domain experts with positive feedback. A user survey demonstrates that our synthetic Brainbow technique improves visualizations of volume data with complex structures for biologists. | false | false | [
"Yong Wan",
"Hideo Otsuna",
"Charles D. Hansen"
] | [] | [] | [] |
EuroVis | 2,013 | TAMRESH - Tensor Approximation Multiresolution Hierarchy for Interactive Volume Visualization | 10.1111/cgf.12102 | Interactive visual analysis of large and complex volume datasets is an ongoing and challenging problem. We tackle this challenge in the context of state‐of‐the‐art out‐of‐core multiresolution volume rendering by introducing a novel hierarchical tensor approximation (TA) volume visualization approach. The TA framework allows us (a) to use a rank‐truncated basis for compact volume representation, (b) to visualize features at multiple scales, and (c) to visualize the data at multiple resolutions. In this paper, we exploit the special properties of the TA factor matrix bases and define a novel multiscale and multiresolution volume rendering hierarchy. Different from previous approaches, to represent one volume dataset we use but one set of global bases (TA factor matrices) to reconstruct at all resolution levels and feature scales. In particular, we propose a coupling of multiscalable feature visualization and multiresolution DVR through the properties of global TA bases. We demonstrate our novel TA multiresolution hierarchy based volume representation and visualization on a number of μCT volume datasets. | false | false | [
"Susanne K. Suter",
"Maxim Makhynia",
"Renato Pajarola"
] | [] | [] | [] |
EuroVis | 2,013 | Towards High-dimensional Data Analysis in Air Quality Research | 10.1111/cgf.12097 | Analysis of chemical constituents from mass spectrometry of aerosols involves non‐negative matrix factorization, an approximation of high‐dimensional data in lower‐dimensional space. The associated optimization problem is non‐convex, resulting in crude approximation errors that are not accessible to scientists. To address this shortcoming, we introduce a new methodology for user‐guided error‐aware data factorization that entails an assessment of the amount of information contributed by each dimension of the approximation, an effective combination of visualization techniques to highlight, filter, and analyze error features, as well as a novel means to interactively refine factorizations. A case study and the domain‐expert feedback provided by the collaborating atmospheric scientists illustrate that our method effectively communicates errors of such numerical optimization results and facilitates the computation of high‐quality data factorizations in a simple and intuitive manner. | false | false | [
"Daniel Engel",
"Mathias Hummel",
"F. Hoepel",
"Keith Bein",
"Anthony S. Wexler",
"Christoph Garth",
"Bernd Hamann",
"Hans Hagen"
] | [] | [] | [] |
EuroVis | 2,013 | Towards Multifield Scalar Topology Based on Pareto Optimality | 10.1111/cgf.12121 | How can the notion of topological structures for single scalar fields be extended to multifields? In this paper we propose a definition for such structures using the concepts of Pareto optimality and Pareto dominance. Given a set of piecewise‐linear, scalar functions over a common simplical complex of any dimension, our method finds regions of “consensus” among single fields’ critical points and their connectivity relations. We show that our concepts are useful to data analysis on real‐world examples originating from fluid‐flow simulations; in two cases where the consensus of multiple scalar vortex predictors is of interest and in another case where one predictor is studied under different simulation parameters. We also compare the properties of our approach with current alternatives. | false | false | [
"Lars Huettenberger",
"Christian Heine 0002",
"Hamish A. Carr",
"Gerik Scheuermann",
"Christoph Garth"
] | [] | [] | [] |
EuroVis | 2,013 | TrajectoryLenses - A Set-based Filtering and Exploration Technique for Long-term Trajectory Data | 10.1111/cgf.12132 | The visual analysis of spatiotemporal movement is a challenging task. There may be millions of routes of different length and shape with different origin and destination, extending over a long time span. Furthermore there can be various correlated attributes depending on the data domain, e.g. engine measurements for mobility data or sensor data for animal tracking. Visualizing such data tends to produce cluttered and incomprehensible images that need to be accompanied by sophisticated filtering methods. We present TrajectoryLenses, an interaction technique that extends the exploration lens metaphor to support complex filter expressions and the analysis of long time periods. Analysts might be interested only in movements that occur in a given time range, traverse a certain region, or end at a given area of interest (AOI). Our lenses can be placed on an interactive map to identify such geospatial AOIs. They can be grouped with set operations to create powerful geospatial queries. For each group of lenses, users can access aggregated data for different attributes like the number of matching movements, covered time, or vehicle performance. We demonstrate the applicability of our technique on a large, real‐world dataset of electric scooter tracks spanning a 2‐year period. | false | false | [
"Robert Krüger",
"Dennis Thom",
"Michael Wörner 0001",
"Harald Bosch",
"Thomas Ertl"
] | [] | [] | [] |
EuroVis | 2,013 | User-driven Feature Space Transformation | 10.1111/cgf.12116 | Interactive visualization systems for exploring and manipulating high‐dimensional feature spaces have experienced a substantial progress in the last few years. State‐of‐art methods rely on solid mathematical and computational foundations that enable sophisticated and flexible interactive tools. Current methods are even capable of modifying data attributes during interaction, highlighting regions of potential interest in the feature space, and building visualizations that bring out the relevance of attributes. However, those methodologies rely on complex and non‐intuitive interfaces that hamper the free handling of the feature spaces. Moreover, visualizing how neighborhood structures are affected during the space manipulation is also an issue for existing methods. This paper presents a novel visualization‐assisted methodology for interacting and transforming data attributes embedded in feature spaces. The proposed approach relies on a combination of multidimensional projections and local transformations to provide an interactive mechanism for modifying attributes. Besides enabling a simple and intuitive visual layout, our approach allows the user to easily observe the changes in neighborhood structures during interaction. The usefulness of our methodology is shown in an application geared to image retrieval. | false | false | [
"Gladys M. H. Mamani",
"Francisco M. Fatore",
"Luis Gustavo Nonato",
"Fernando Vieira Paulovich"
] | [] | [] | [] |
EuroVis | 2,013 | Vector Field k-Means: Clustering Trajectories by Fitting Multiple Vector Fields | 10.1111/cgf.12107 | Scientists study trajectory data to understand trends in movement patterns, such as human mobility for traffic analysis and urban planning. In this paper, we introduce a novel trajectory clustering technique whose central idea is to use vector fields to induce a notion of similarity between trajectories, letting the vector fields themselves define and represent each cluster. We present an efficient algorithm to find a locally optimal clustering of trajectories into vector fields, and demonstrate how vector‐field k‐means can find patterns missed by previous methods. We present experimental evidence of its effectiveness and efficiency using several datasets, including historical hurricane data, GPS tracks of people and vehicles, and anonymous cellular radio handoffs from a large service provider. | false | false | [
"Nivan Ferreira",
"James T. Klosowski",
"Carlos Eduardo Scheidegger",
"Cláudio T. Silva"
] | [
"HM"
] | [
"P"
] | [
{
"name": "Paper Preprint",
"url": "http://arxiv.org/pdf/1208.5801v2",
"icon": "paper"
}
] |
EuroVis | 2,013 | Vessel Visualization using Curvicircular Feature Aggregation | 10.1111/cgf.12110 | Radiological investigations are common medical practice for the diagnosis of peripheral vascular diseases. Existing visualization methods such as Curved Planar Reformation (CPR) depict calcifications on vessel walls to determine if blood is still able to flow. While it is possible with conventional CPR methods to examine the whole vessel lumen by rotating around the centerline of a vessel, we propose Curvicircular Feature Aggregation (CFA), which aggregates these rotated images into a single view. By eliminating the need for rotation, vessels can be investigated by inspecting only one image. This method can be used as a guidance and visual analysis tool for treatment planning. We present applications of this technique in the medical domain and give feedback from radiologists. | false | false | [
"Gabriel Mistelbauer",
"Anca Morar",
"Andrej Varchola",
"Rüdiger Schernthaner",
"Ivan Baclija",
"Arnold Köchl",
"Armin Kanitsar",
"Stefan Bruckner",
"M. Eduard Gröller"
] | [] | [] | [] |
EuroVis | 2,013 | VisRuption: Intuitive and Efficient Visualization of Temporal Airline Disruption Data | 10.1111/cgf.12095 | The operation of an airline is a very complex task and disruptions to the planned operation can occur on very short notice. Already a small disruption like a delay of some minutes can cost the airline a tremendous amount of money. Hence, it is crucial to proactively control all operations of the airline and efficiently prioritize and handle disruptions. Due to the complex setting and the need for ad hoc decisions this task can only be carried out by human operation controllers. In the field of airline operations control there exists already a vast variety of different software in productive use. We analyze the different approaches from two of the market leaders and identify problematic design choices. We take into account this analysis and develop a set of rules for an intuitive visualization of airline disruption data. Finally, we introduce our tool for visualizing such data which complies to these rules. The visualization enables the user to gain a fast overview over the current problem situation and to intuitively prioritize different problems and problem hierarchies. The efficiency of the design is evaluated with the help of a user study which shows that the new system significantly outperforms the current state of the art. | false | false | [
"Paul Rosenthal",
"Linda Pfeiffer",
"Nicholas Hugo Müller",
"Peter Ohler"
] | [] | [] | [] |
EuroVis | 2,013 | Visual Analysis of Set Relations in a Graph | 10.1111/cgf.12093 | Many applications can be modeled as a graph with additional attributes attached to the nodes. For example, a graph can be used to model the relationship of people in a social media website or a bibliographical dataset. Meanwhile, additional information is often available, such as the topics people are interested in and the music they listen to. Based on this additional information, different set relationships may exist among people. Revealing the set relationships in a network can help people gain social insight and better understand their roles within a community. In this paper, we present a visualization system for exploring set relations in a graph. Our system is designed to reveal three different relationships simultaneously: the social relationship of people, the set relationship among people's items of interest, and the similarity relationship of the items. We propose two novel visualization designs: a) a glyph‐based visualization to reveal people's set relationships in the context of their social networks; b) an integration of visual links and a contour map to show people and their items of interest which are clustered into different groups. The effectiveness of the designs has been demonstrated by the case studies on two representative datasets including one from a social music service website and another from an academic collaboration network. | false | false | [
"Panpan Xu",
"Fan Du",
"Nan Cao",
"Conglei Shi",
"Hong Zhou 0004",
"Huamin Qu"
] | [] | [] | [] |
EuroVis | 2,013 | Visual Explanation of the Complexity in Julia Sets | 10.1111/cgf.12130 | Julia sets based on quadratic polynomials have a very simple definition, yet a highly intricate shape. Our contribution is to provide a visual explanation for this complexity. To this end we show the construction of Julia sets as a dynamic process, in contrast to showing just a static image of the set itself. Our method is based on the Inverse Iteration Method (IIM). We start with a disk, which is successively distorted. The crucial step is to show an animation of the effect of taking a root of a subset of the complex plane. We present four different approaches for this, using a Riemann surface, a corkscrew, a fan, and disks as metaphors. We packaged our results in an interactive tool with a simple interface, such that everybody can view and inspect these for different Julia sets. The results are useful for teaching complex analysis, promoting mathematics, entertainment, and, above all, as a visual explanation for the complexity of Julia sets. | false | false | [
"Okke Schrijvers",
"Jarke J. van Wijk"
] | [] | [] | [] |
EuroVis | 2,013 | Visualizing Interchange Patterns in Massive Movement Data | 10.1111/cgf.12114 | Massive amount of movement data, such as daily trips made by millions of passengers in a city, are widely available nowadays. They are a highly valuable means not only for unveiling human mobility patterns, but also for assisting transportation planning, in particular for metropolises around the world. In this paper, we focus on a novel aspect of visualizing and analyzing massive movement data, i.e., the interchange pattern, aiming at revealing passenger redistribution in a traffic network. We first formulate a new model of circos figure, namely the interchange circos diagram, to present interchange patterns at a junction node in a bundled fashion, and optimize the color assignments to respect the connections within and between junction nodes. Based on this, we develop a family of visual analysis techniques to help users interactively study interchange patterns in a spatiotemporal manner: 1) multi‐spatial scales: from network junctions such as train stations to people flow across and between larger spatial areas; and 2) temporal changes of patterns from different times of the day. Our techniques have been applied to real movement data consisting of hundred thousands of trips, and we present also two case studies on how transportation experts worked with our interface. | false | false | [
"Wei Zeng 0004",
"Chi-Wing Fu",
"Stefan Müller Arisona",
"Huamin Qu"
] | [] | [] | [] |
EuroVis | 2,013 | Visualizing Large-scale Parallel Communication Traces Using a Particle Animation Technique | 10.1111/cgf.12101 | Large‐scale scientific simulations require execution on parallel computing systems in order to yield useful results in a reasonable time frame. But parallel execution adds communication overhead. The impact that this overhead has on performance may be difficult to gauge, as parallel application behaviors are typically harder to understand than the sequential types. We introduce an animation‐based interactive visualization technique for the analysis of communication patterns occurring in parallel application execution. Our method has the advantages of illustrating the dynamic communication patterns in the system as well as a static image of MPI (Message Passing Interface) utilization history. We also devise a data streaming mechanism that allows for the exploration of very large data sets. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach scaling up to 16 thousand processes using a series of trace data sets of ScaLAPACK matrix operations functions. | false | false | [
"Carmen Sigovan",
"Chris Muelder",
"Kwan-Liu Ma"
] | [] | [] | [] |
EuroVis | 2,013 | Visualizing Motional Correlations in Molecular Dynamics using Geometric Deformations | 10.1111/cgf.12118 | In macromolecules, an allosteric effect is said to occur when a change at one site of a molecule affects a distant site. Understanding these allosteric effects can be important for understanding how the functions of complex molecules such as proteins are regulated. One potential application of this knowledge is the development of small molecules that alter the function of proteins involved in diseases. Studying motional correlation can help researchers to discover how a change at a source site affects the target site and thus how allosteric ligands that could serve as drugs are able to exert their therapeutic effects. By improving our ability to analyze these correlated relationships, it may be possible to develop new medications to combat deadly diseases such as Hepatitis C. We present four visual techniques which represent motional correlation on rendered three‐dimensional molecular models, providing new ways to view clusters of correlated residues and paths of allosteric interactions. These techniques give us a new way of investigating the presence of motional correlations in complex molecules. We compare each of these techniques to determine which are the most useful for representing motional correlations. | false | false | [
"Matthew Fioravante",
"Adam Shook",
"Ian Thorpe",
"Penny Rheingans"
] | [] | [] | [] |
EuroVis | 2,013 | Visualizing Robustness of Critical Points for 2D Time-Varying Vector Fields | 10.1111/cgf.12109 | Analyzing critical points and their temporal evolutions plays a crucial role in understanding the behavior of vector fields. A key challenge is to quantify the stability of critical points: more stable points may represent more important phenomena or vice versa. The topological notion of robustness is a tool which allows us to quantify rigorously the stability of each critical point. Intuitively, the robustness of a critical point is the minimum amount of perturbation necessary to cancel it within a local neighborhood, measured under an appropriate metric. In this paper, we introduce a new analysis and visualization framework which enables interactive exploration of robustness of critical points for both stationary and time‐varying 2D vector fields. This framework allows the end‐users, for the first time, to investigate how the stability of a critical point evolves over time. We show that this depends heavily on the global properties of the vector field and that structural changes can correspond to interesting behavior. We demonstrate the practicality of our theories and techniques on several datasets involving combustion and oceanic eddy simulations and obtain some key insights regarding their stable and unstable features. | false | false | [
"Bei Wang 0001",
"Paul Rosen 0001",
"Primoz Skraba",
"Harsh Bhatia",
"Valerio Pascucci"
] | [] | [] | [] |
EuroVis | 2,013 | ViviSection: Skeleton-based Volume Editing | 10.1111/cgf.12133 | Volume segmentation is important in many applications, particularly in the medical domain. Most segmentation techniques, however, work fully automatically only in very restricted scenarios and cumbersome manual editing of the results is a common task. In this paper, we introduce a novel approach for the editing of segmentation results. Our method exploits structural features of the segmented object to enable intuitive and robust correction and verification. We demonstrate that our new approach can significantly increase the segmentation quality even in difficult cases such as in the presence of severe pathologies. | false | false | [
"Alexey Karimov",
"Gabriel Mistelbauer",
"Johanna Schmidt",
"Peter Mindek",
"Elisabeth Schmidt",
"Timur Sharipov",
"Stefan Bruckner",
"M. Eduard Gröller"
] | [] | [] | [] |
CHI | 2,013 | Binocular cursor: enabling selection on transparent displays troubled by binocular parallax | 10.1145/2470654.2466433 | Binocular parallax is a problem for any interaction system that has a transparent display and objects behind it, as users will see duplicated and overlapped images. In this note, we propose a quantitative measure called Binocular Selectability Discriminant (BSD) to predict the ability of the user to perform selection task in such a setup. In addition, we propose a technique called Binocular Cursor (BC) which takes advantage of this duplicating and overlapping phenomenon, rather than being hampered by it, to resolve binocular selection ambiguity by visualizing the correct selection point. An experiment shows that selection with BC is not slower than monocular selection, and that it can be significantly more precise, depending on the design of BC. | false | false | [
"Joon Hyub Lee",
"Seok-Hyung Bae"
] | [] | [] | [] |
CHI | 2,013 | Canyon: providing location awareness of multiple moving objects in a detail view on large displays | 10.1145/2470654.2466431 | Overview+Detail interfaces can be used to examine the details of complex data while retaining the data's overall context. Dynamic data introduce challenges for these interfaces, however, as moving objects may exit the detail view, as well as a person's field of view if they are working at a large interactive surface. To address this "off-view" problem, we propose a new information visualization technique, called Canyon. This technique attaches a small view of an off-view object, including some surrounding context, to the external boundary of the detail view. The area between the detail view and the region containing the off-view object is virtually "folded" to conserve space. A comparison study was conducted contrasting the benefits and limitations of Canyon to an established technique, called Wedge. Canyon was more accurate across a number of tasks, especially more complex tasks, and was comparably efficient. | false | false | [
"Alexandra Ion",
"Yu-Ling Betty Chang",
"Michael Haller",
"Mark S. Hancock",
"Stacey D. Scott"
] | [] | [] | [] |
CHI | 2,013 | Contextifier: automatic generation of annotated stock visualizations | 10.1145/2470654.2481374 | Online news tools - for aggregation, summarization and automatic generation - are an area of fruitful development as reading news online becomes increasingly commonplace. While textual tools have dominated these developments, annotated information visualizations are a promising way to complement articles based on their ability to add context. But the manual effort required for professional designers to create thoughtful annotations for contextualizing news visualizations is difficult to scale. We describe the design of Contextifier, a novel system that automatically produces custom, annotated visualizations of stock behavior given a news article about a company. Contextifier's algorithms for choosing annotations is informed by a study of professionally created visualizations and takes into account visual salience, contextual relevance, and a detection of key events in the company's history. In evaluating our system we find that Contextifier better balances graphical salience and relevance than the baseline. | false | false | [
"Jessica Hullman",
"Nicholas Diakopoulos",
"Eytan Adar"
] | [] | [] | [] |
CHI | 2,013 | Direct manipulation video navigation in 3D | 10.1145/2470654.2466150 | Direct Manipulation Video Navigation (DMVN) systems allow a user to navigate a video by dragging an object along its motion trajectory. These systems have been shown effective for space-centric video browsing. Their performance, however, is often limited by temporal ambiguities in a video with complex motion, such as recurring motion, self-intersecting motion, and pauses. The ambiguities come from reducing the 3D spatial-temporal motion (x, y, t) to the 2D spatial motion (x, y) in visualizing the motion and dragging the object. In this paper, we present a 3D DMVN system that maps the spatial-temporal motion (x, y, t) to 3D space (x, y, z) by mapping time t to depth z, visualizes the motion and video frame in 3D, and allows to navigate the video by spatial-temporally manipulating the object in 3D. We show that since our 3D DMVN system preserves all the motion information, it resolves the temporal ambiguities and supports intuitive navigation on challenging videos with complex motion. | false | false | [
"Cuong Nguyen 0003",
"Yuzhen Niu",
"Feng Liu 0015"
] | [] | [] | [] |
CHI | 2,013 | Effects of visualization and note-taking on sensemaking and analysis | 10.1145/2470654.2481376 | Many sophisticated tools have been developed to help analysts detect patterns in large datasets, but the value of these tools' individual features is rarely tested. In an experiment in which participants played detectives solving homicides, we tested the utility of a visualization of data links and a notepad for collecting and organizing annotations. The visualization significantly improved participants' ability to solve the crime whereas the notepad did not. Having both features available provided no benefit over having just the visualization. The results raise questions about the potential constraints on the usefulness of intelligence analysis tools. | false | false | [
"Nitesh Goyal",
"Gilly Leshed",
"Susan R. Fussell"
] | [] | [] | [] |
CHI | 2,013 | Evaluating the efficiency of physical visualizations | 10.1145/2470654.2481359 | Data sculptures are an increasingly popular form of physical visualization whose purposes are essentially artistic, communicative or educational. But can physical visualizations help carry out actual information visualization tasks? We present the first infovis study comparing physical to on-screen visualizations. We focus on 3D visualizations, as these are common among physical visualizations but known to be problematic on computers. Taking 3D bar charts as an example, we show that moving visualizations to the physical world can improve users' efficiency at information retrieval tasks. In contrast, augmenting on-screen visualizations with stereoscopic rendering alone or with prop-based manipulation was of limited help. The efficiency of physical visualizations seems to stem from features that are unique to physical objects, such as their ability to be touched and their perfect visual realism. These findings provide empirical motivation for current research on fast digital fabrication and self-reconfiguring interfaces. | false | false | [
"Yvonne Jansen",
"Pierre Dragicevic",
"Jean-Daniel Fekete"
] | [] | [] | [] |
CHI | 2,013 | Evaluation of alternative glyph designs for time series data in a small multiple setting | 10.1145/2470654.2466443 | We present the results of a controlled experiment to investigate the performance of different temporal glyph designs in a small multiple setting. Analyzing many time series at once is a common yet difficult task in many domains, for example in network monitoring. Several visualization techniques have, thus, been proposed in the literature. Among these, iconic displays or glyphs are an appropriate choice because of their expressiveness and effective use of screen space. Through a controlled experiment, we compare the performance of four glyphs that use different combinations of visual variables to encode two properties of temporal data: a) the position of a data point in time and b) the quantitative value of this data point. Our results show that depending on tasks and data density, the chosen glyphs performed differently. Line Glyphs are generally a good choice for peak and trend detection tasks but radial encodings are more effective for reading values at specific temporal locations. From our qualitative analysis we also contribute implications for designing temporal glyphs for small multiple settings. | false | false | [
"Johannes Fuchs 0001",
"Fabian Fischer 0001",
"Florian Mansmann",
"Enrico Bertini",
"Petra Isenberg"
] | [] | [] | [] |
CHI | 2,013 | Exploring & designing tools to enhance falls rehabilitation in the home | 10.1145/2470654.2466159 | Falls are the leading cause of accidental injury-related deaths in the elderly; a fall can lead to a loss of independence, and a fear of falling. Rehabilitation programmes involving exercise have proved the most successful way to reduce the risk of falls. However, the limitations of standard care (e.g. booklets) could prevent home users from receiving the full therapeutic benefit that rehabilitation offers. Having consulted users and health experts, we developed games, and visualizations for falls rehabilitation that we believe could potentially overcome the main barriers to effective rehabilitation in the home. In this paper, we describe user studies that we carried out with older adults to evaluate the use of these visual tools versus standard care, both in the laboratory and in the home. Our main findings show that our visualizations and games were able to overcome the major limitations of standard care, and that they were usable and acceptable to the end users. | false | false | [
"Stephen Uzor",
"Lynne Baillie"
] | [] | [] | [] |
CHI | 2,013 | HeartLink: open broadcast of live biometric data to social networks | 10.1145/2470654.2466231 | A number of studies in the literature have looked into the use of real-time biometric data to improve one's own physiological performance and wellbeing. However, there is limited research that looks into the effects that sharing biometric data with others could have on one's social network. Following a period of research on existing mobile applications and prototype testing, we developed a system, HeartLink, which collects real-time personal biometric data such as heart rate and broadcasts this data online. Insights gained on designing systems to broadcast real-time biometric data are presented. In this paper we also report emerging results from testing HeartLink in a pilot study and a user study that were conducted during sport events. The results showed that sharing heart rate data does influence the relationship of the persons involved and that the degree of influence seems related to the tie strength prior to visualizing the data. | false | false | [
"Franco Curmi",
"Maria Angela Ferrario",
"Jen Southern",
"Jon Whittle 0001"
] | [] | [] | [] |
CHI | 2,013 | IllumiRoom: peripheral projected illusions for interactive experiences | 10.1145/2470654.2466112 | IllumiRoom is a proof-of-concept system that augments the area surrounding a television with projected visualizations to enhance traditional gaming experiences. We investigate how projected visualizations in the periphery can negate, include, or augment the existing physical environment and complement the content displayed on the television screen. Peripheral projected illusions can change the appearance of the room, induce apparent motion, extend the field of view, and enable entirely new physical gaming experiences. Our system is entirely self-calibrating and is designed to work in any room. We present a detailed exploration of the design space of peripheral projected illusions and we demonstrate ways to trigger and drive such illusions from gaming content. We also contribute specific feedback from two groups of target users (10 gamers and 15 game designers); providing insights for enhancing game experiences through peripheral projected illusions. | false | false | [
"Brett R. Jones",
"Hrvoje Benko",
"Eyal Ofek",
"Andrew D. Wilson"
] | [] | [] | [] |
CHI | 2,013 | inAir: a longitudinal study of indoor air quality measurements and visualizations | 10.1145/2470654.2481380 | null | false | false | [
"Sunyoung Kim",
"Eric Paulos",
"Jennifer Mankoff"
] | [] | [] | [] |
CHI | 2,013 | Individual user characteristics and information visualization: connecting the dots through eye tracking | 10.1145/2470654.2470696 | There is increasing evidence that users' characteristics such as cognitive abilities and personality have an impact on the effectiveness of information visualization techniques. This paper investigates the relationship between such characteristics and fine-grained user attention patterns. In particular, we present results from an eye tracking user study involving bar graphs and radar graphs, showing that a user's cognitive abilities such as perceptual speed and verbal working memory have a significant impact on gaze behavior, both in general and in relation to task difficulty and visualization type. These results are discussed in view of our long-term goal of designing information visualisation systems that can dynamically adapt to individual user characteristics. | false | false | [
"Dereck Toker",
"Cristina Conati",
"Ben Steichen",
"Giuseppe Carenini"
] | [] | [] | [] |
CHI | 2,013 | Influencing visual judgment through affective priming | 10.1145/2470654.2481410 | Recent research suggests that individual personality differences can influence performance with visualizations. In addition to stable personality traits, research in psychology has found that temporary changes in affect (emotion) can also significantly impact performance during cognitive tasks. In this paper, we show that affective priming also influences user performance on visual judgment tasks through an experiment that combines affective priming with longstanding graphical perception experiments. Our results suggest that affective priming can influence accuracy in common graphical perception tasks. We discuss possible explanations for these findings, and describe how these findings can be applied to design visualizations that are less (or more) susceptible to error in common visualization contexts. | false | false | [
"Lane Harrison",
"Drew Skau",
"Steven Franconeri",
"Aidong Lu",
"Remco Chang"
] | [] | [] | [] |
CHI | 2,013 | Interactive horizon graphs: improving the compact visualization of multiple time series | 10.1145/2470654.2466441 | Many approaches have been proposed for the visualization of multiple time series. Two prominent approaches are reduced line charts (RLC), which display small multiples for time series, and the more recent horizon graphs (HG). We propose to unify RLC and HG using a new technique - interactive horizon graphs (IHG) - which uses pan and zoom interaction to increase the number of time series that can be analysed in parallel. In a user study we compared RLC, HG, and IHG across several tasks and numbers of time series, focusing on datasets with both large scale and small scale variations. Our results show that IHG outperform the other two techniques in complex comparison and matching tasks where the number of charts is large. In the hardest task PHG have a significantly higher number of good answers (correctness) than HG (+14%) and RLC (+51%) and a lower error magnitude than HG (-64%) and RLC (-86%). | false | false | [
"Charles Perin",
"Frédéric Vernier",
"Jean-Daniel Fekete"
] | [] | [] | [] |
CHI | 2,013 | Motif simplification: improving network visualization readability with fan, connector, and clique glyphs | 10.1145/2470654.2466444 | Analyzing networks involves understanding the complex relationships between entities, as well as any attributes they may have. The widely used node-link diagrams excel at this task, but many are difficult to extract meaning from because of the inherent complexity of the relationships and limited screen space. To help address this problem we introduce a technique called motif simplification, in which common patterns of nodes and links are replaced with compact and meaningful glyphs. Well-designed glyphs have several benefits: they (1) require less screen space and layout effort, (2) are easier to understand in the context of the network, (3) can reveal otherwise hidden relationships, and (4) preserve as much underlying information as possible. We tackle three frequently occurring and high-payoff motifs: fans of nodes with a single neighbor, connectors that link a set of anchor nodes, and cliques of completely connected nodes. We contribute design guidelines for motif glyphs; example glyphs for the fan, connector, and clique motifs; algorithms for detecting these motifs; a free and open source reference implementation; and results from a controlled study of 36 participants that demonstrates the effectiveness of motif simplification. | false | false | [
"Cody Dunne",
"Ben Shneiderman"
] | [] | [] | [] |
CHI | 2,013 | Patina: dynamic heatmaps for visualizing application usage | 10.1145/2470654.2466442 | We present Patina, an application independent system for collecting and visualizing software application usage data. Patina requires no instrumentation of the target application, all data is collected through standard window metrics and accessibility APIs. The primary visualization is a dynamic heatmap overlay which adapts to match the content, location, and shape of the user interface controls visible in the active application. We discuss a set of design guidelines for the Patina system, describe our implementation of the system, and report on an initial evaluation based on a short-term deployment of the system. | false | false | [
"Justin Matejka",
"Tovi Grossman",
"George W. Fitzmaurice"
] | [] | [] | [] |
CHI | 2,013 | Pt Viz: towards a wearable device for visualizing knee rehabilitation exercises | 10.1145/2470654.2466161 | We present a wearable sensory display for visualizing knee rehabilitation as part of an in-home physical therapy program. Currently, patients undergoing knee rehabilitation have limited ways of assessing exercise form and extent of movement at home. To address this issue, we developed an exploratory wearable electronic prototype to visualize knee bend. We evaluated the device with physical therapy patients to get feedback on the design and to help us understand some of the challenges they face. We discovered that our current design is better suited for patients recovering from surgery as opposed to patients with chronic conditions. | false | false | [
"Swamy Ananthanarayan",
"Miranda Sheh",
"Alice Chien",
"Halley Profita",
"Katie A. Siek"
] | [] | [] | [] |
CHI | 2,013 | Quantity estimation in visualizations of tagged text | 10.1145/2470654.2481373 | A valuable task in text visualization is to have viewers make judgments about text that has been annotated (either by hand or by some algorithm such as text clustering or entity extraction). In this work we look at the ability of viewers to make judgments about the relative quantities of tags in annotated text (specifically text tagged with one of a set of qualitatively distinct colors), and examine design choices that can improve performance at extracting statistical information from these texts. We find that viewers can efficiently and accurately estimate the proportions of tag levels over a range of situations; however accuracy can be improved through color choice and area adjustments. | false | false | [
"Michael Correll",
"Eric C. Alexander",
"Michael Gleicher"
] | [] | [] | [] |
CHI | 2,013 | Reveal-it!: the impact of a social visualization projection on public awareness and discourse | 10.1145/2470654.2466476 | Public displays and projections are becoming increasingly available in various informal urban settings. However, their potential impact on informing and engaging citizens on relevant issues has still been largely unexplored. In this paper, we show that visualizations displayed in public settings are able to increase social awareness and discourse by exposing underlying patterns in data that is submitted by citizens. We thus introduce the design and evaluation of Reveal-it!, a public, interactive projection that facilitates the comparison of the energy consumptions of individuals and communities. Our in-the-wild deployment in three distinct physical locations provided insights into: 1) how people responded to this form of display in different contexts; 2) how it influenced people's perception and discussion of individual and communal data; and 3) the implications for a public visualization as a tool for increasing awareness and discourse. We conclude by discussing emerging participant behaviors, as well as some challenges involved in facilitating a socially motivated crowd-sourced visualization in the public context. | false | false | [
"Nina Valkanova",
"Sergi Jordà",
"Martin Tomitsch",
"Andrew Vande Moere"
] | [] | [] | [] |
CHI | 2,013 | SpaceTop: integrating 2D and spatial 3D interactions in a see-through desktop environment | 10.1145/2470654.2470680 | SpaceTop is a concept that fuses spatial 2D and 3D interactions in a single workspace. It extends the traditional desktop interface with interaction technology and visualization techniques that enable seamless transitions between 2D and 3D manipulations. SpaceTop allows users to type, click, draw in 2D, and directly manipulate interface elements that float in the 3D space above the keyboard. It makes it possible to easily switch from one modality to another, or to simultaneously use two modalities with different hands. We introduce hardware and software configurations for co-locating these various interaction modalities in a unified workspace using depth cameras and a transparent display. We describe new interaction and visualization techniques that allow users to interact with 2D elements floating in 3D space. We present the results from a preliminary user study that indicates the benefit of such hybrid workspaces. | false | false | [
"Jinha Lee",
"Alex Olwal",
"Hiroshi Ishii 0001",
"Cati N. Boulanger"
] | [] | [] | [] |
CHI | 2,013 | Talking about tactile experiences | 10.1145/2470654.2466220 | A common problem with designing and developing applications with tactile interfaces is the lack of a vocabulary that allows one to describe or communicate about haptics. Here we present the findings from a study exploring participants' verbalizations of their tactile experiences across two modulated tactile stimuli (16Hz and 250Hz) related to two important mechanoreceptors in the human hand. The study, with 14 participants, applied the explicitation interview technique to capture detailed descriptions of the diachronic and synchronic structure of tactile experiences. We propose 14 categories for a human-experiential vocabulary based on the categorization of the findings and tie them back to neurophysiological and psychophysical data on the human hand. We finally discuss design opportunities created through this experiential understanding in relation to the two mechanoreceptors. | false | false | [
"Marianna Obrist",
"Sue Ann Seah",
"Sriram Subramanian"
] | [] | [] | [] |
CHI | 2,013 | The dubuque electricity portal: evaluation of a city-scale residential electricity consumption feedback system | 10.1145/2470654.2466155 | This paper describes the Dubuque Electricity Portal, a city-scale system aimed at supporting voluntary reductions of electricity consumption. The Portal provided each household with fine-grained feedback on its electricity use, as well as using incentives, comparisons, and goal setting to encourage conservation. Logs, a survey and interviews were used to evaluate the user experience of the Portal during a 20-week pilot with 765 volunteer households. Although the volunteers had already made a wide range of changes to conserve electricity prior to the pilot, those who used the Portal decreased their electricity use by about 3.7%. They also reported increased understanding of their usage, and reported taking an array of actions - both changing their behavior and their electricity infrastructure. The paper discusses the experience of the system's users, and describes challenges for the design of ECF systems, including balancing accessibility and security, a preference for time-based visualizations, and the advisability of multiple modes of feedback, incentives and information presentation. | false | false | [
"Thomas Erickson",
"Ming Li 0009",
"Younghun Kim",
"Ajay Deshpande",
"Sambit Sahu",
"Tian Chao",
"Piyawadee Sukaviriya",
"Milind R. Naphade"
] | [] | [] | [] |
CHI | 2,013 | The efficacy of human post-editing for language translation | 10.1145/2470654.2470718 | Language translation is slow and expensive, so various forms of machine assistance have been devised. Automatic machine translation systems process text quickly and cheaply, but with quality far below that of skilled human translators. To bridge this quality gap, the translation industry has investigated post-editing, or the manual correction of machine output. We present the first rigorous, controlled analysis of post-editing and find that post-editing leads to reduced time and, surprisingly, improved quality for three diverse language pairs (English to Arabic, French, and German). Our statistical models and visualizations of experimental data indicate that some simple predictors (like source text part of speech counts) predict translation time, and that post-editing results in very different interaction patterns. From these results we distill implications for the design of new language translation interfaces. | false | false | [
"Spence Green",
"Jeffrey Heer",
"Christopher D. Manning"
] | [] | [] | [] |
CHI | 2,013 | TouchViz: a case study comparing two interfaces for data analytics on tablets | 10.1145/2470654.2481318 | As more applications move from the desktop to touch devices like tablets, designers must wrestle with the costs of porting a design with as little revision of the UI as possible from one device to the other, or of optimizing the interaction per device. We consider the tradeoffs between two versions of a UI for working with data on a touch tablet. One interface is based on using the conventional desktop metaphor (WIMP) with a control panel, push buttons, and checkboxes -- where the mouse click is effectively replaced by a finger tap. The other interface (which we call FLUID) eliminates the control panel and focuses touch actions on the data visualization itself. We describe our design process and evaluation of each interface. We discuss the significantly better task performance and preference for the FLUID interface, in particular how touch design may challenge certain assumptions about the performance benefits of WIMP interfaces that do not hold on touch devices, such as the superiority of gestural vs. control panel based interaction. | false | false | [
"Steven Mark Drucker",
"Danyel Fisher",
"Ramik Sadana",
"Jessica Herron",
"m. c. schraefel"
] | [] | [] | [] |
CHI | 2,013 | Using fNIRS brain sensing to evaluate information visualization interfaces | 10.1145/2470654.2470723 | We show how brain sensing can lend insight to the evaluation of visual interfaces and establish a role for fNIRS in visualization. Research suggests that the evaluation of visual design benefits by going beyond performance measures or questionnaires to measurements of the user's cognitive state. Unfortunately, objectively and unobtrusively monitoring the brain is difficult. While functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) has emerged as a practical brain sensing technology in HCI, visual tasks often rely on the brain's quick, massively parallel visual system, which may be inaccessible to this measurement. It is unknown whether fNIRS can distinguish differences in cognitive state that derive from visual design alone. In this paper, we use the classic comparison of bar graphs and pie charts to test the viability of fNIRS for measuring the impact of a visual design on the brain. Our results demonstrate that we can indeed measure this impact, and furthermore measurements indicate that there are not universal differences in bar graphs and pie charts. | false | false | [
"Evan M. Peck",
"Beste F. Yuksel",
"Alvitta Ottley",
"Robert J. K. Jacob",
"Remco Chang"
] | [] | [] | [] |
CHI | 2,013 | Weighted graph comparison techniques for brain connectivity analysis | 10.1145/2470654.2470724 | The analysis of brain connectivity is a vast field in neuroscience with a frequent use of visual representations and an increasing need for visual analysis tools. Based on an in-depth literature review and interviews with neuroscientists, we explore high-level brain connectivity analysis tasks that need to be supported by dedicated visual analysis tools. A significant example of such a task is the comparison of different connectivity data in the form of weighted graphs. Several approaches have been suggested for graph comparison within information visualization, but the comparison of weighted graphs has not been addressed. We explored the design space of applicable visual representations and present augmented adjacency matrix and node-link visualizations. To assess which representation best support weighted graph comparison tasks, we performed a controlled experiment. Our findings suggest that matrices support these tasks well, outperforming node-link diagrams. These results have significant implications for the design of brain connectivity analysis tools that require weighted graph comparisons. They can also inform the design of visual analysis tools in other domains, e.g. comparison of weighted social networks or biological pathways. | false | false | [
"Basak Alper",
"Benjamin Bach",
"Nathalie Henry Riche",
"Tobias Isenberg 0001",
"Jean-Daniel Fekete"
] | [] | [] | [] |
VAST | 2,012 | A case study: Tracking and visualizing the evolution of dark matter halos and groups of satellite halos in cosmology simulations | 10.1109/VAST.2012.6400532 | In this poster, we track the evolution of cosmic structures and higher level host structures in cosmological simulation as they interact with each other. The structures found in these simulations are made up of groups of dark matter tracer particles called satellite halos and groups of satellite halos called host halos. We implement a multilevel tracking model to track dark matter tracer particles, satellite halos and host halos to understand their behaviour and show how the different structures are formed over time. We also represent the evolution of halos in the form of merger trees for detailed analysis by cosmologists. | false | false | [
"Jay Takle",
"Deborah Silver",
"Katrin Heitmann"
] | [] | [] | [] |
VAST | 2,012 | A correlative analysis process in a visual analytics environment | 10.1109/VAST.2012.6400491 | Finding patterns and trends in spatial and temporal datasets has been a long studied problem in statistics and different domains of science. This paper presents a visual analytics approach for the interactive exploration and analysis of spatiotemporal correlations among multivariate datasets. Our approach enables users to discover correlations and explore potentially causal or predictive links at different spatiotemporal aggregation levels among the datasets, and allows them to understand the underlying statistical foundations that precede the analysis. Our technique utilizes the Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficient and factors in the lead or lag between different datasets to detect trends and periodic patterns amongst them. | false | false | [
"Abish Malik",
"Ross Maciejewski",
"Niklas Elmqvist",
"Yun Jang",
"David S. Ebert",
"Whitney Huang"
] | [] | [] | [] |
VAST | 2,012 | A generic model for the integration of interactive visualization and statistical computing using R | 10.1109/VAST.2012.6400537 | This poster describes general concepts of integrating the statistical computation package R into a coordinated multiple views framework. The integration is based on a cyclic analysis workflow. In this model, interactive selections are a key aspect to trigger and control computations in R. Dynamic updates of data columns are a generic mechanism to transfer computational results back to the interactive visualization. Further aspects include the integration of the R console and an R object browser as views in our system. We illustrate our approach by means of an interactive modeling process. | false | false | [
"Johannes Kehrer",
"Roland N. Boubela",
"Peter Filzmoser",
"Harald Piringer"
] | [] | [] | [] |
VAST | 2,012 | A Visual Analytics Approach to Multiscale Exploration of Environmental Time Series | 10.1109/TVCG.2012.191 | We present a Visual Analytics approach that addresses the detection of interesting patterns in numerical time series, specifically from environmental sciences. Crucial for the detection of interesting temporal patterns are the time scale and the starting points one is looking at. Our approach makes no assumption about time scale and starting position of temporal patterns and consists of three main steps: an algorithm to compute statistical values for all possible time scales and starting positions of intervals, visual identification of potentially interesting patterns in a matrix visualization, and interactive exploration of detected patterns. We demonstrate the utility of this approach in two scientific scenarios and explain how it allowed scientists to gain new insight into the dynamics of environmental systems. | false | false | [
"Mike Sips",
"Patrick Köthur",
"Andrea Unger",
"Hans-Christian Hege",
"Doris Dransch"
] | [] | [] | [] |
VAST | 2,012 | A visual analytics approach to understanding cycling behaviour | 10.1109/VAST.2012.6400550 | Existing research into cycling behaviours has either relied on detailed ethnographic studies or larger public attitude surveys [1] [9]. Instead, following recent contributions from information visualization [13] and data mining [5] [7], this design study uses visual analytics techniques to identify, describe and explain cycling behaviours within a large and attribute rich transactional dataset. Using data from London's bike share scheme<sup>1</sup>, customer level classifications will be created, which consider the regularity of scheme use, journey length and travel times. Monitoring customer usage over time, user classifications will attend to the dynamics of cycling behaviour, asking substantive questions about how behaviours change under varying conditions. The 3-year PhD project will contribute to academic and strategic discussions around sustainable travel policy. A programme of research is outlined, along with an early visual analytics prototype for rapidly querying customer journeys. | false | false | [
"Roger Beecham",
"Jo Wood",
"Audrey Bowerman"
] | [] | [] | [] |
VAST | 2,012 | AlVis: Situation awareness in the surveillance of road tunnels | 10.1109/VAST.2012.6400556 | In the surveillance of road tunnels, video data plays an important role for a detailed inspection and as an input to systems for an automated detection of incidents. In disaster scenarios like major accidents, however, the increased amount of detected incidents may lead to situations where human operators lose a sense of the overall meaning of that data, a problem commonly known as a lack of situation awareness. The primary contribution of this paper is a design study of AlVis, a system designed to increase situation awareness in the surveillance of road tunnels. The design of AlVis is based on a simplified tunnel model which enables an overview of the spatiotemporal development of scenarios in real-time. The visualization explicitly represents the present state, the history, and predictions of potential future developments. Concepts for situation-sensitive prioritization of information ensure scalability from normal operation to major disaster scenarios. The visualization enables an intuitive access to live and historic video for any point in time and space. We illustrate AlVis by means of a scenario and report qualitative feedback by tunnel experts and operators. This feedback suggests that AlVis is suitable to save time in recognizing dangerous situations and helps to maintain an overview in complex disaster scenarios. | false | false | [
"Harald Piringer",
"Matthias Buchetics",
"Rudolf Benedik"
] | [] | [] | [] |
VAST | 2,012 | An adaptive parameter space-filling algorithm for highly interactive cluster exploration | 10.1109/VAST.2012.6400493 | For a user to perceive continuous interactive response time in a visualization tool, the rule of thumb is that it must process, deliver, and display rendered results for any given interaction in under 100 milliseconds. In many visualization systems, successive interactions trigger independent queries and caching of results. Consequently, computationally expensive queries like multidimensional clustering cannot keep up with rapid sequences of interactions, precluding visual benefits such as motion parallax. In this paper, we describe a heuristic prefetching technique to improve the interactive response time of KMeans clustering in dynamic query visualizations of multidimensional data. We address the tradeoff between high interaction and intense query computation by observing how related interactions on overlapping data subsets produce similar clustering results, and characterizing these similarities within a parameter space of interaction. We focus on the two-dimensional parameter space defined by the minimum and maximum values of a time range manipulated by dragging and stretching a one-dimensional filtering lens over a plot of time series data. Using calculation of nearest neighbors of interaction points in parameter space, we reuse partial query results from prior interaction sequences to calculate both an immediate best-effort clustering result and to schedule calculation of an exact result. The method adapts to user interaction patterns in the parameter space by reprioritizing the interaction neighbors of visited points in the parameter space. A performance study on Mesonet meteorological data demonstrates that the method is a significant improvement over the baseline scheme in which interaction triggers on-demand, exact-range clustering with LRU caching. We also present initial evidence that approximate, temporary clustering results are sufficiently accurate (compared to exact results) to convey useful cluster structure during rapid and protracted interaction. | false | false | [
"Zafar Ahmed",
"Chris E. Weaver"
] | [] | [] | [] |
VAST | 2,012 | An Affordance-Based Framework for Human Computation and Human-Computer Collaboration | 10.1109/TVCG.2012.195 | Visual Analytics is “the science of analytical reasoning facilitated by visual interactive interfaces” [70]. The goal of this field is to develop tools and methodologies for approaching problems whose size and complexity render them intractable without the close coupling of both human and machine analysis. Researchers have explored this coupling in many venues: VAST, Vis, InfoVis, CHI, KDD, IUI, and more. While there have been myriad promising examples of human-computer collaboration, there exists no common language for comparing systems or describing the benefits afforded by designing for such collaboration. We argue that this area would benefit significantly from consensus about the design attributes that define and distinguish existing techniques. In this work, we have reviewed 1,271 papers from many of the top-ranking conferences in visual analytics, human-computer interaction, and visualization. From these, we have identified 49 papers that are representative of the study of human-computer collaborative problem-solving, and provide a thorough overview of the current state-of-the-art. Our analysis has uncovered key patterns of design hinging on humanand machine-intelligence affordances, and also indicates unexplored avenues in the study of this area. The results of this analysis provide a common framework for understanding these seemingly disparate branches of inquiry, which we hope will motivate future work in the field. | false | false | [
"R. Jordan Crouser",
"Remco Chang"
] | [] | [] | [] |
VAST | 2,012 | Analyst's Workspace: An embodied sensemaking environment for large, high-resolution displays | 10.1109/VAST.2012.6400559 | Distributed cognition and embodiment provide compelling models for how humans think and interact with the environment. Our examination of the use of large, high-resolution displays from an embodied perspective has lead directly to the development of a new sensemaking environment called Analyst's Workspace (AW). AW leverages the embodied resources made more accessible through the physical nature of the display to create a spatial workspace. By combining spatial layout of documents and other artifacts with an entity-centric, explorative investigative approach, AW aims to allow the analyst to externalize elements of the sensemaking process as a part of the investigation, integrated into the visual representations of the data itself. In this paper, we describe the various capabilities of AW and discuss the key principles and concepts underlying its design, emphasizing unique design principles for designing visual analytic tools for large, high-resolution displays. | false | false | [
"Christopher Andrews",
"Chris North 0001"
] | [] | [] | [] |
VAST | 2,012 | Augmenting visual representation of affectively charged information using sound graphs | 10.1109/VAST.2012.6400547 | Within the Visual Analytics research agenda there is an interest on studying the applicability of multimodal information representation and interaction techniques for the analytical reasoning process. The present study summarizes a pilot experiment conducted to understand the effects of augmenting visualizations of affectively-charged information using auditory graphs. We designed an audiovisual representation of social comments made to different news posted on a popular website, and their affective dimension using a sentiment analysis tool for short texts. Participants of the study were asked to create an assessment of the affective valence trend (positive or negative) of the news articles using for it, the visualizations and sonifications. The conditions were tested looking for speed/accuracy trade off comparing the visual representation with an audiovisual one. We discuss our preliminary findings regarding the design of augmented information-representation. | false | false | [
"Nadya A. Calderón",
"Bernhard E. Riecke",
"Brian D. Fisher"
] | [] | [] | [] |
VAST | 2,012 | Dis-function: Learning distance functions interactively | 10.1109/VAST.2012.6400486 | The world's corpora of data grow in size and complexity every day, making it increasingly difficult for experts to make sense out of their data. Although machine learning offers algorithms for finding patterns in data automatically, they often require algorithm-specific parameters, such as an appropriate distance function, which are outside the purview of a domain expert. We present a system that allows an expert to interact directly with a visual representation of the data to define an appropriate distance function, thus avoiding direct manipulation of obtuse model parameters. Adopting an iterative approach, our system first assumes a uniformly weighted Euclidean distance function and projects the data into a two-dimensional scatterplot view. The user can then move incorrectly-positioned data points to locations that reflect his or her understanding of the similarity of those data points relative to the other data points. Based on this input, the system performs an optimization to learn a new distance function and then re-projects the data to redraw the scatter-plot. We illustrate empirically that with only a few iterations of interaction and optimization, a user can achieve a scatterplot view and its corresponding distance function that reflect the user's knowledge of the data. In addition, we evaluate our system to assess scalability in data size and data dimension, and show that our system is computationally efficient and can provide an interactive or near-interactive user experience. | false | false | [
"Eli T. Brown",
"Jingjing Liu",
"Carla E. Brodley",
"Remco Chang"
] | [] | [] | [] |
VAST | 2,012 | Enterprise Data Analysis and Visualization: An Interview Study | 10.1109/TVCG.2012.219 | Organizations rely on data analysts to model customer engagement, streamline operations, improve production, inform business decisions, and combat fraud. Though numerous analysis and visualization tools have been built to improve the scale and efficiency at which analysts can work, there has been little research on how analysis takes place within the social and organizational context of companies. To better understand the enterprise analysts' ecosystem, we conducted semi-structured interviews with 35 data analysts from 25 organizations across a variety of sectors, including healthcare, retail, marketing and finance. Based on our interview data, we characterize the process of industrial data analysis and document how organizational features of an enterprise impact it. We describe recurring pain points, outstanding challenges, and barriers to adoption for visual analytic tools. Finally, we discuss design implications and opportunities for visual analysis research. | false | false | [
"Sean Kandel",
"Andreas Paepcke",
"Joseph M. Hellerstein",
"Jeffrey Heer"
] | [
"HM"
] | [] | [] |
VAST | 2,012 | Examining the Use of a Visual Analytics System for Sensemaking Tasks: Case Studies with Domain Experts | 10.1109/TVCG.2012.224 | While the formal evaluation of systems in visual analytics is still relatively uncommon, particularly rare are case studies of prolonged system use by domain analysts working with their own data. Conducting case studies can be challenging, but it can be a particularly effective way to examine whether visual analytics systems are truly helping expert users to accomplish their goals. We studied the use of a visual analytics system for sensemaking tasks on documents by six analysts from a variety of domains. We describe their application of the system along with the benefits, issues, and problems that we uncovered. Findings from the studies identify features that visual analytics systems should emphasize as well as missing capabilities that should be addressed. These findings inform design implications for future systems. | false | false | [
"Youn ah Kang",
"John T. Stasko"
] | [] | [] | [] |
VAST | 2,012 | Exploring cyber physical data streams using Radial Pixel Visualizations | 10.1109/VAST.2012.6400541 | Cyber physical systems (CPS), such as smart buildings and data centers, are richly instrumented systems composed of tightly coupled computational and physical elements that generate large amounts of data. To explore CPS data and obtain actionable insights, we construct a Radial Pixel Visualization (RPV) system, which uses multiple concentric rings to show the data in a compact circular layout of small polygons (pixel cells), each of which represents an individual data value. RPV provides an effective visual representation of locality and periodicity of the high volume, multivariate data streams, and seamlessly combines them with the results of an automated analysis. In the outermost ring the results of correlation analysis and peak point detection are highlighted. Our explorations demonstrates how RPV can help administrators to identify periodic thermal hot spots, understand data center energy consumption, and optimize IT workload. | false | false | [
"Ming C. Hao",
"Manish Marwah",
"Sebastian Mittelstädt",
"Halldór Janetzko",
"Daniel A. Keim",
"Umeshwar Dayal",
"Cullen E. Bash",
"Carlos J. Felix",
"Chandrakant D. Patel",
"Meichun Hsu",
"Yuan Chen 0001"
] | [] | [] | [] |
VAST | 2,012 | Exploring the impact of emotion on visual judgement | 10.1109/VAST.2012.6400540 | Existing research suggests that individual personality differences can influence performance with visualizations. In addition to stable traits such as locus of control, research in psychology has found that temporary changes in affect (emotion) can significantly impact individual performance on cognitive tasks. We examine the relationship between fundamental visual judgement tasks and affect through a crowdsourced user study that combines affective-priming techniques from psychology with longstanding graphical perception experiments. Our results suggest that affective-priming can significantly influence accuracy in visual judgements, and that some chart types may be more affected than others. | false | false | [
"Lane Harrison",
"Remco Chang",
"Aidong Lu"
] | [] | [] | [] |
VAST | 2,012 | Feature-similarity visualization of MRI cortical surface data | 10.1109/VAST.2012.6400548 | We present an analytics-based framework for simultaneous visualization of large surface data collections arising in clinical neuroimaging studies. Termed Informatics Visualization for Neuroimaging (INVIZIAN), this framework allows the visualization of both cortical surfaces characteristics and feature relatedness in unison. It also uses dimension reduction methods to derive new coordinate systems using a Jensen-Shannon divergence metric for positioning cortical surfaces in a metric space such that the proximity in location is proportional to neuroanatomical similarity. Feature data such as thickness and volume are colored on the cortical surfaces and used to display both subject-specific feature values and global trends within the population. Additionally, a query-based framework allows the neuroscience researcher to investigate probable correlations between neuroanatomical and subject patient attribute values such as age and diagnosis. | false | false | [
"Ian Bowman",
"Shantanu H. Joshi",
"Vaughan Greer",
"John D. Van Horn"
] | [] | [] | [] |
VAST | 2,012 | iLAMP: Exploring high-dimensional spacing through backward multidimensional projection | 10.1109/VAST.2012.6400489 | Ever improving computing power and technological advances are greatly augmenting data collection and scientific observation. This has directly contributed to increased data complexity and dimensionality, motivating research of exploration techniques for multidimensional data. Consequently, a recent influx of work dedicated to techniques and tools that aid in understanding multidimensional datasets can be observed in many research fields, including biology, engineering, physics and scientific computing. While the effectiveness of existing techniques to analyze the structure and relationships of multidimensional data varies greatly, few techniques provide flexible mechanisms to simultaneously visualize and actively explore high-dimensional spaces. In this paper, we present an inverse linear affine multidimensional projection, coined iLAMP, that enables a novel interactive exploration technique for multidimensional data. iLAMP operates in reverse to traditional projection methods by mapping low-dimensional information into a high-dimensional space. This allows users to extrapolate instances of a multidimensional dataset while exploring a projection of the data to the planar domain. We present experimental results that validate iLAMP, measuring the quality and coherence of the extrapolated data; as well as demonstrate the utility of iLAMP to hypothesize the unexplored regions of a high-dimensional space. | false | false | [
"Elisa Portes dos Santos",
"Emilio Vital Brazil",
"Joel Daniels II",
"Paulo Joia",
"Luis Gustavo Nonato",
"Mario Costa Sousa"
] | [] | [] | [] |
VAST | 2,012 | Incorporating GOMS analysis into the design of an EEG data visual analysis tool | 10.1109/VAST.2012.6400542 | In this paper, we present a case study where we incorporate GOMS (Goals, Operators, Methods, and Selectors) [2] task analysis into the design process of a visual analysis tool. We performed GOMS analysis on an Electroencephalography (EEG) analyst's current data analysis strategy to identify important user tasks and unnecessary user actions in his current workflow. We then designed an EEG data visual analysis tool based on the GOMS analysis result. Evaluation results show that the tool we have developed, EEGVis, allows the user to analyze EEG data with reduced subjective cognitive load, faster speed and increased confidence in the analysis quality. The positive evaluation results suggest that our design process demonstrates an effective application of GOMS analysis to discover opportunities for designing better tools to support the user's visual analysis process. | false | false | [
"Hua Guo",
"Diem Tran",
"David H. Laidlaw"
] | [] | [] | [] |
VAST | 2,012 | Infographics at the Congressional Budget Office | 10.1109/VAST.2012.6400533 | The Congressional Budget Office (CBO) is an agency of the federal government with about 240 employees that provides the U.S. Congress with timely, nonpartisan analysis of important budgetary and economic issues. Recently, CBO began producing static infographics to present its headline stories and to provide information to the Congress in different ways. | false | false | [
"Jonathan A. Schwabish"
] | [] | [] | [] |
VAST | 2,012 | Information retrieval failure analysis: Visual analytics as a support for interactive "what-if" investigation | 10.1109/VAST.2012.6400551 | This poster provides an analytical model for examining performances of IR systems, based on the discounted cumulative gain family of metrics, and visualization for interacting and exploring the performances of the system under examination. Moreover, we propose machine learning approach to learn the ranking model of the examined system in order to be able to conduct a “what-if” analysis and visually explore what can happen if you adopt a given solution before having to actually implement it. | false | false | [
"Marco Angelini",
"Nicola Ferro 0001",
"Guido Granato",
"Giuseppe Santucci",
"Gianmaria Silvello"
] | [] | [] | [] |
VAST | 2,012 | Inter-active learning of ad-hoc classifiers for video visual analytics | 10.1109/VAST.2012.6400492 | Learning of classifiers to be used as filters within the analytical reasoning process leads to new and aggravates existing challenges. Such classifiers are typically trained ad-hoc, with tight time constraints that affect the amount and the quality of annotation data and, thus, also the users' trust in the classifier trained. We approach the challenges of ad-hoc training by inter-active learning, which extends active learning by integrating human experts' background knowledge to greater extent. In contrast to active learning, not only does inter-active learning include the users' expertise by posing queries of data instances for labeling, but it also supports the users in comprehending the classifier model by visualization. Besides the annotation of manually or automatically selected data instances, users are empowered to directly adjust complex classifier models. Therefore, our model visualization facilitates the detection and correction of inconsistencies between the classifier model trained by examples and the user's mental model of the class definition. Visual feedback of the training process helps the users assess the performance of the classifier and, thus, build up trust in the filter created. We demonstrate the capabilities of inter-active learning in the domain of video visual analytics and compare its performance with the results of random sampling and uncertainty sampling of training sets. | false | false | [
"Benjamin Höferlin",
"Rudolf Netzel",
"Markus Höferlin",
"Daniel Weiskopf",
"Gunther Heidemann"
] | [] | [] | [] |
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