Conference stringclasses 6 values | Year int64 1.99k 2.03k | Title stringlengths 8 187 | DOI stringlengths 16 32 | Abstract stringlengths 128 7.15k ⌀ | Accessible bool 2 classes | Early bool 2 classes | AuthorNames-Deduped listlengths 1 24 | Award listlengths 0 2 | Resources listlengths 0 5 | ResourceLinks listlengths 0 10 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Vis | 1,996 | A system for measuring surface facet orientation from atomic force microscope data | 10.1109/VISUAL.1996.568141 | The authors describe a graphical system developed for researchers in materials science for extracting information from data obtained by atomic force microscopy. In particular, they consider the problem of computing surface orientations from data obtained from ceramic materials. The visualization problems they consider in designing this system include finding useful mechanisms for the researcher to interact with the data, presenting results in forms familiar to the scientist, and enhancing traditional display techniques. | false | false | [
"John G. Hagedorn",
"Holly E. Rushmeier",
"John Blendell",
"Mark Vaudin"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,996 | A system for the complementary visualization of 3D volume images using 2D and 3D binaurally processed sonification representations | 10.1109/VISUAL.1996.568129 | Typically, feedback from analysis of three-dimensional volume image structures are presented in the visual domain. This ignores the potential for complementary analysis of feedback in the aural domain. This paper presents a system in which visualization of a volume image may be enhanced through representation of the voxel structure by a sound sequence (termed a 'sonification') in which a sequence of sound signals is generated by the mapping of voxel values to pitch, amplitude, timing and other acoustic parameters according to the design of the selected sound instrument(s). Stereo audio or spatial audio processing techniques are employed to enhance the perception of the representative sonification as emanating from the visual loci of the associated voxel. | false | false | [
"David Rossiter",
"Wai-Yin Ng"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,996 | A visualization tool for mechanical design | 10.1109/VISUAL.1996.568142 | We present a new visualization approach to support design for manufacturing (DFM). This involves the correlation of manufacturing problems with the causative geometric characteristics. We then discuss the use of distance transform and 3-D thinning to extract these characteristics from a voxelized object. In contrast to current computer aided engineering (CAE) tools, our system is very efficient and simple to use. It does not require the skill and experience to generate and control a numerical mesh and interpret the results. The specifically tailored visualization system makes the results self-evident. Though the current domain is die casting, it could potentially be applied to many net shape processes. | false | false | [
"Shao-Chiung Lu",
"Alec B. Rebello",
"D. H. Cui",
"Roni Yagel",
"Richard Allen Miller",
"Gary L. Kinzel"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,996 | Anatomy-based facial tissue modeling using the finite element method | 10.1109/VISUAL.1996.567595 | Anatomy-based facial tissue modeling for surgical simulation is a field whose time has come. Real-time facial animation has been created in the last few years using models based on the anatomical structure of the human skin. Anatomy-based models are also under development in the field of medical visualization, with which facial surgery can be realistically simulated. In this article, we present an anatomy-based 3D finite element tissue model. Integrated into a computer-aided surgical planning system, this model allows the precise prediction of soft tissue changes resulting from the realignment of the underlying bone structure. The model has already been used in our Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and has improved craniofacial surgical planning procedures. The model is described in detail, and surgical simulation results are shown and discussed. | false | false | [
"Erwin Keeve",
"Sabine Girod",
"Paula Pfeifle",
"Bernd Girod"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,996 | BLaC-wavelets: a multiresolution analysis with non-nested spaces | 10.1109/VISUAL.1996.567602 | In the last five years, there has been numerous applications of wavelets and multiresolution analysis in many fields of computer graphics as different as geometric modelling, volume visualization or illumination modelling. Classical multiresolution analysis is based on the knowledge of a nested set of functional spaces in which the successive approximations of a given function converge to that function, and can be efficiently computed. This paper first proposes a theoretical framework which enables multiresolution analysis even if the functional spaces are not nested, as long as they still have the property that the successive approximations converge to the given function. Based on this concept, we finally introduce a new multiresolution analysis with exact reconstruction for large data sets defined on uniform grids. We construct a one-parameter family of multiresolution analyses which is a blending of Haar and linear multiresolution, using BLaC (Blending of Linear and Constant) wavelets. | false | false | [
"Georges-Pierre Bonneau",
"Stefanie Hahmann",
"Gregory M. Nielson"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,996 | Breaking the Myth: One Picture is Not (always) Worth a Thousand Words | 10.1109/VISUAL.1996.569203 | null | false | false | [
"Nahum D. Gershon",
"Robert Braham",
"F. David Fracchia",
"Andrew S. Glassner",
"Barbara Mones-Hattal",
"Russ Rose"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,996 | Case Study: Mantle convection visualization on the Cray T3D | 10.1109/VISUAL.1996.568144 | The recent years have seen rapid advancement towards viewing the Earth as an integrated system. This means that we have come to understand the interdependence of the major planetary subsystems-atmosphere, biosphere, oceans and the deep earth interior-on a large range of time and length scales. One of the longest time scales of the planet is imposed by solid state convection within the silicate Earth mantle. Mantle convection modeling, and other earth science modeling efforts, now are producing simulation data on grids that are large enough to strain the memory and processing power of even the largest high-end graphics workstations. Another alternative is to use parallel visualization tools running on the massively parallel computers that generated the data. This is the approach that we have taken for the visualization of mantle convection simulation data. | false | false | [
"James S. Painter",
"Hans-Peter Bunge",
"Yarden Livnat"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,996 | Case Study: Visual access for landscape event based temporal data | 10.1109/VISUAL.1996.568148 | As ecological awareness increases there has been a shift towards more integrated forest management. Accurate modeling of future states of forested landscapes will allow better planning for safeguarding our forest resource for future generations. We present an initial exploration into providing visual access to information generated by SELES (Spatially Explicit Landscape Event Simulator). We explore the application of our visual access distortion technique to a block of temporal data created from a sequence of landscape event based information. This type of access extends the possibilities of visual exploration for temporal and spatial interrelations in a data set. | false | false | [
"Sheelagh Carpendale",
"Andrew Fall",
"David J. Cowperthwaite",
"Joseph Fall",
"F. David Fracchia"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,996 | Case study: Visualization of laser confocal microscopy datasets | 10.1109/VISUAL.1996.568136 | The paper presents an example of how existing visualization methods can be successfully applied-after minor modifications-for allowing new, sometimes unexpected insight into scientific questions, in this case for better understanding of unknown, microscopic biological structures. The authors present a volume rendering system supporting the visualization of LCM datasets, a new microscopic tomographic method allowing for the first time accurate and fast in-vivo inspection of the spatial structure of microscopic structures, especially important in (but not restricted to) biology. The speed, flexibility and versatility of the system allows fast, convenient, interactive operation with large datasets on small computers (workstation or PC). By testing different datasets, they have been able to significantly improve the performance of understanding the internal structure of LCM data. Most important, they have been able to show static and dynamic structures of cells never seen before and allowing significant insight in the cell movement process. Therefore they regard the system as a universal tool for the visualization of such data. | false | false | [
"Georgios Sakas",
"Michael G. Vicker",
"Peter Jörg Plath"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,996 | Cheops: a compact explorer for complex hierarchies | 10.1109/VISUAL.1996.567745 | As the amount of electronic information explodes, hierarchies to handle this information become huge and complex. Visualizing and interacting with these hierarchies become daunting tasks. The problem is exacerbated if the visualization is to be done on mass-market personal computers, with limited processing power and visual resolution. Many of the current visualization techniques work effectively for hierarchies of 1000 nodes, but as the number of nodes increases toward 5000, these techniques tend to break down. Hierarchies above 5000 nodes usually require special modifications such as clustering, which can affect visual stability. This paper introduces Cheops, a novel approach to the representation, browsing and exploration of huge, complex information hierarchies such as the Dewey Decimal Classification system, which can contain between a million and a billion nodes. The Cheops approach maintains context within a huge hierarchy, while simultaneously providing easy access to details. This paper presents some preliminary results from usability tests performed on an 8-wide-by-9-deep classification hierarchy, which if fully populated would contain over 19 million nodes. | false | false | [
"Luc Beaudoin",
"Marc-Antoine Parent",
"Louis C. Vroomen"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,996 | Choosing effective colours for data visualization | 10.1109/VISUAL.1996.568118 | We describe a technique for choosing multiple colours for use during data visualization. Our goal is a systematic method for maximizing the total number of colours available for use, while still allowing an observer to rapidly and accurately search a display for any one of the given colours. Previous research suggests that we need to consider three separate effects during colour selection: colour distance, linear separation, and colour category. We describe a simple method for measuring and controlling all of these effects. Our method was tested by performing a set of target identification studies; we analysed the ability of thirty eight observers to find a colour target in displays that contained differently coloured background elements. Results showed our method can be used to select a group of colours that will provide good differentiation between data elements during data visualization. | false | false | [
"Christopher G. Healey"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,996 | Clinical evaluation of interactive volume visualization | 10.1109/VISUAL.1996.568134 | The case study describes a system that allows the use of interactive volume rendering for routine clinical diagnosis. In this setup, a SGI RealityStation acts like a remote rendering system which is controlled by a user interface that was added to an existing clinical system. The paper describes some implementation aspects, including several system optimizations that were carried out in order to optimize rendering speed. Initial results are very promising; the authors present three examples of clinical findings that were made using this system. Because of the setup, clinicians are now much more aware of the possibilities that modern hardware offers for interactive volume visualization. | false | false | [
"Karel J. Zuiderveld",
"Peter M. A. van Ooijen",
"John W. C. Chin-A-Woeng",
"Pieter C. Buijs",
"Marco Olree",
"Frits H. Post"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,996 | Complex-valued contour meshing | 10.1109/VISUAL.1996.568103 | An isovalue contour of a function of two complex variables defines a surface in four-space. We present a robust technique for creating polygonal contours of complex-valued functions. The technique, contour meshing, generalizes well to larger dimensions. | false | false | [
"Chris Weigle",
"David C. Banks"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,996 | Contour blending using warp-guided distance field interpolation | 10.1109/VISUAL.1996.567812 | Given (n-1)-dimensional parallel cross-sections of an n-dimensional body, one would like to reconstruct the n-dimensional body. The method based on Distance Field Interpolation (DFI) gives a robust solution to this problem in its ability to deal with any topology in any dimension. Still this method may give undesired solutions to the problem if the changes from one cross-section to the next are significant relative to the size of the details in the cross-sections. We consider the problem of solid reconstruction from contours, which can also be considered as a contour blending or contour morphing problem, where the third dimension is time. The method presented is based on interpolation of the distance field, guided by a warp function which is controlled by a set of corresponding anchor points. Some rules for defining a smooth least-distorting warp function are given. To reduce the distortion of the intermediate shapes, the warp function is decomposed into a rigid rotational part and an elastic part. The distance field interpolation method is modified so that the interpolation is guided by the warp function. The advantage of the new approach is that it is capable of blending between contours having different topological genus, and no correspondence between the geometric primitives should be established. The desired general correspondence is defined by the user in terms of a relatively small number of anchor points. | false | false | [
"Daniel Cohen-Or",
"David Levin",
"Amira Solomovici"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,996 | Data level comparative visualization in aircraft design | 10.1109/VISUAL.1996.568140 | Comparative visualization has successfully been applied to a variety of fluid dynamic problems. Most applications rely on image level comparison such as experimental flow visualization versus computational flow imagery (CFI) which tries to simulate optical image acquisition in flow testing. When differences become difficult to distinguish or once a quantitative result is required, data level comparison provides powerful means to visualize data from multiple sources. Data level comparison and visualization turns out to be an essential tool in modern aircraft design projects. It is already successfully applied in the geometric preprocessing stage and the CFD analysis and will serve for comparison with experimental data as well. | false | false | [
"Jens C. Trapp",
"Hans-Georg Pagendarm"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,996 | Data reduction and interpolation for visualizing 3D soil-quality data | 10.1109/VISUAL.1996.568147 | Sampling and analysis of subsurface contaminants comprise the first steps toward environmental remediation of hazardous spills. We have developed software tools to support the analysis phase, using three different schemes for interpolating scattered 3D soil-quality data onto a grid suitable for viewing in an interactive visualization system. A good interpolation scheme is one that respects the distribution of the original data. We find that the original data can be decimated by up to seventy percent while exhibiting graceful degradation in quality. A prototype software system is being deployed to allow technicians to visually determine, while in the field with their monitoring equipment, where the highest concentrations of contaminants lie. The system is now in use by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. | false | false | [
"David C. Banks",
"Bernd Hamann",
"Po-Yu Tsai",
"Robert J. Moorhead II",
"Jonathan Barlow"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,996 | Deformable volume rendering by 3D texture mapping and octree encoding | 10.1109/VISUAL.1996.567609 | Rendering deformable volume data currently needs separate processes for deformation and rendering, and is expensive in terms of both computational and memory costs. Recognizing the importance of unifying these processes, we present a new approach to the direct rendering of deformable volumes without explicitly constructing the intermediate deformed volumes. The volume deformation is done by a radial basis function that is piecewise linearly approximated by an adaptive subdivision of the octree encoded target volume. The octree blocks in the target volume are then projected, reverse morphed and texture mapped, using the SGI 3D texture mapping hardware, in a back-to-front order. A template-based Z-plane/block intersection method is used to expedite the block projection computation. | false | false | [
"Shiaofen Fang",
"Rajagopalan Srinivasan",
"Su Huang",
"Raghu Raghavan"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,996 | Directional flow visualization of vector fields | 10.1109/VISUAL.1996.568139 | The paper presents interactive flow visualization methods that highlight directional information in the flow field. An added benefit of the proposed methods is that they reduce the amount of data being displayed and hence reduce clutter. The main idea behind these methods is the use of light sources to select and highlight regions in the flow field with similar directions. Varying the lighting conditions, by moving the light source and/or adding more lights, emphasizes different vector directions, set of directions, and vectors within a specified angle of a particular direction. The methods are straight forward, computationally inexpensive, and can be combined with other techniques that use glyph representation and other flow geometry such as streamlines for feature visualization. The authors apply these methods to an analytic data set to help explain how they work, and then to a simulation data set to highlight flow reversals. | false | false | [
"Ed Boring",
"Alex T. Pang"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,996 | Dynamic view-dependent simplification for polygonal models | 10.1109/VISUAL.1996.568126 | Presents an algorithm for performing view-dependent simplifications of a triangulated polygonal model in real-time. The simplifications are dependent on viewing direction, lighting and visibility, and are performed by taking advantage of image-space, object-space and frame-to-frame coherences. A continuous level-of-detail representation for an object is first constructed off-line. This representation is then used at run-time to guide the selection of appropriate triangles for display. The list of displayed triangles is updated incrementally from one frame to the next. Our approach is more effective than the current level-of-detail-based rendering approaches for most scientific visualization applications where there are a limited number of highly complex objects that stay relatively close to the viewer. | false | false | [
"Julie C. Xia",
"Amitabh Varshney"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,996 | Electrical energy absorption in the human head from a cellular telephone | 10.1109/VISUAL.1996.568135 | The antenna of a cellular telephone in close proximity to the human head for a variety of time periods raises questions. This research uses the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method to calculate the power deposition from a cellular telephone on a high-resolution model of a human head as measured by the specific absorption rates (SAR) in W/kg. Visualization has been used to verify the modeling for simulation, assisted in analyzing the data and understanding the physical aspects controlling the power absorption. | false | false | [
"Vishram Pandit",
"Robert McDermott",
"Gianluca Lazzi",
"Cynthia M. Furse",
"Om Gandhi"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,996 | Fast Perspective Volume Rendering with Splatting by Utilizing a Ray-Driven Approach | 10.1109/VISUAL.1996.567608 | Volume ray casting is based on sampling the data along sight rays. In this technique, reconstruction is achieved by a convolution, which collects the contribution of multiple voxels to one sample point. Splatting, on the other hand, is based on projecting data points on to the screen, and reconstruction is implemented by an "inverted convolution", where the contribution of one data element is distributed to many sample points (i.e. pixels). Splatting produces images of a quality comparable to ray casting but at greater speeds. This is achieved by pre-computing the projection footprint that the interpolation kernel leaves on the image plane. However, while fast incremental schemes can be utilized for orthographic projection, the perspective projection complicates the mapping of the footprints and is therefore rather slow. In this paper, we merge the technique of splatting with the principles of ray casting to yield a ray-driven splatting approach. We imagine splats as being suspended in object space, a splat at every voxel. Rays are then spawned to traverse the space and intersect the splats. An efficient and accurate way of intersecting and addressing the splats is described. Not only is ray-driven splatting inherently insensitive to the complexity of the perspective viewing transform, it also offers acceleration methods such as early ray termination and bounding volumes, which are methods that traditional voxel-driven splatting cannot benefit from. This results in competitive or superior performance for parallel projection, and superior performance for perspective projection. | false | false | [
"Klaus Mueller 0001",
"Roni Yagel"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,996 | Fast stereo volume rendering | 10.1109/VISUAL.1996.567603 | We present new volume rendering techniques for efficiently generating high-quality stereoscopic images and propose criteria to evaluate stereo volume rendering algorithms. Specifically, we present fast stereo volume ray casting algorithms using segment composition and linearly-interpolated re-projection. A fast stereo shear-warp volume rendering algorithm is also presented and discussed. | false | false | [
"Taosong He",
"Arie E. Kaufman"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,996 | FEL: The Field Encapsulation Library | 10.1109/VISUAL.1996.568115 | The paper describes the Field Encapsulation Library (FEL), which provides a grid independent application programmer's interface to gridded three dimensional field data. The C++ implementation of FEL is described, stressing the way in which the class hierarchy hides the underlying grid structure in a way that allows visualization algorithms to be written in a completely grid independent manner. Appropriately defined coordinate classes play an important role in providing this grid independence. High performance point location routines for data access are described and performance times are provided. | false | false | [
"Steve Bryson",
"David N. Kenwright",
"Michael J. Gerald-Yamasaki"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,996 | Flexible information visualization of multivariate data from biological sequence similarity searches | 10.1109/VISUAL.1996.567796 | Information visualization faces challenges presented by the need to represent abstract data and the relationships within the data. Previously, we presented a system for visualizing similarities between a single DNA sequence and a large database of other DNA sequences (E.H. Chi et al., 1995). Similarity algorithms generate similarity information in textual reports that can be hundreds or thousands of pages long. Our original system visualized the most important variables from these reports. However, the biologists we work with found this system so useful they requested visual representations of other variables. We present an enhanced system for interactive exploration of this multivariate data. We identify a larger set of useful variables in the information space. The new system involves more variables, so it focuses on exploring subsets of the data. We present an interactive system allowing mapping of different variables to different axes, incorporating animation using a time axis, and providing tools for viewing subsets of the data. Detail-on-demand is preserved by hyperlinks to the analysis reports. We present three case studies illustrating the use of these techniques. The combined technique of applying a time axis with a 3D scatter plot and query filters to visualization of biological sequence similarity data is both powerful and novel. | false | false | [
"Ed H. Chi",
"John Riedl",
"Elizabeth Shoop",
"John V. Carlis",
"Ernest F. Retzel",
"Phillip Barry"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,996 | Flow visualization for turbomachinery design | 10.1109/VISUAL.1996.568137 | Visualization of CFD data for turbomachinery design poses some special requirements which are often not addressed by standard flow visualization systems. The authors discuss the issues involved with this particular application and its requirements with respect to flow visualization. Aiming at a feature-based visualization for this task, they examine various existing techniques to locate vortices. The specific flow conditions for turbomachines demonstrate limitations of current methods. Visualization of turbomachinery flow thus raises some challenges and research topics, particularly regarding feature extraction. | false | false | [
"Martin Roth",
"Ronald Peikert"
] | [
"BCS"
] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,996 | Generation of Transfer Functions with Stochastic Search Technique | 10.1109/VISUAL.1996.568113 | This paper presents a novel approach to assist the user in exploring appropriate transfer functions for the visualization of volumetric datasets. The search for a transfer function is treated as a parameter optimization problem and addressed with stochastic search techniques. Starting from an initial population of (random or pre-defined) transfer functions, the evolution of the stochastic algorithms is controlled by either direct user selection of intermediate images or automatic fitness evaluation using user-specified objective functions. This approach essentially shields the user from the complex and tedious "trial and error" approach, and demonstrates effective and convenient generation of transfer functions. | false | false | [
"Taosong He",
"Lichan Hong",
"Arie E. Kaufman",
"Hanspeter Pfister"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,996 | Hierarchical and parallelizable direct volume rendering for irregular and multiple grids | 10.1109/VISUAL.1996.567606 | A general volume rendering technique is described that efficiently produces images of excellent quality from data defined over irregular grids having a wide variety of formats. Rendering is done in software, eliminating the need for special graphics hardware, as well as any artifacts associated with graphics hardware. Images of volumes with about 1,000,000 cells can be produced in one to several minutes on a workstation with a 150-MHz processor. A significant advantage of this method for applications such as computational fluid dynamics is that it can process multiple intersecting grids. Such grids present problems for most current volume rendering techniques. Also, the wide range of cell sizes does not present difficulties, as it does for many techniques. A spatial hierarchical organization makes it possible to access data from a restricted region efficiently. The tree has greater depth in regions of greater detail, determined by the number of cells in the region. It also makes it possible to render useful "preview" images very quickly by displaying each region associated with a tree node as one cell. Previews show enough detail to navigate effectively in very large data sets. The algorithmic techniques include use of a k-d tree, with prefix-order partitioning of triangles, to reduce the number of primitives that must be processed for one rendering, coarse-grain parallelism for a shared-memory MIMD architecture, a new perspective transformation that achieves greater numerical accuracy, and a scanline algorithm with depth sorting and a new clipping technique. | false | false | [
"Jane Wilhelms",
"Allen Van Gelder",
"Paul Tarantino",
"Jonathan Gibbs"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,996 | History consideration in reconstructing polyhedral surfaces from parallel slices | 10.1109/VISUAL.1996.567804 | We introduce an algorithm for reconstructing a solid model given a series of planar cross sections. The main contribution of this work is the use of knowledge obtained during the interpolation of neighboring layers while attempting to interpolate a particular layer. This knowledge is used to reconstruct a surface in which consecutive layers are connected smoothly. In most previous work, each layer is interpolated independently of what happened or will happen in the other layers. We also discuss various objective functions which aim to optimize the reconstruction, and present an evaluation of the different objective functions by using various criteria. | false | false | [
"Gill Barequet",
"Daniel Shapiro",
"Ayellet Tal"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,996 | Illustrating transparent surfaces with curvature-directed strokes | 10.1109/VISUAL.1996.568110 | Transparency can be a useful device for simultaneously depicting multiple superimposed layers of information in a single image. However, in computer-generated pictures-as in photographs and in directly viewed actual objects-it can often be difficult to adequately perceive the three-dimensional shape of a layered transparent surface or its relative depth distance from underlying structures. Inspired by artists' use of line to show shape, we have explored methods for automatically defining a distributed set of opaque surface markings that intend to portray the three-dimensional shape and relative depth of a smoothly curving layered transparent surface in an intuitively meaningful (and minimally occluding) way. This paper describes the perceptual motivation, artistic inspiration and practical implementation of an algorithm for "texturing" a transparent surface with uniformly distributed opaque short strokes, locally oriented in the direction of greatest normal curvature, and of length proportional to the magnitude of the surface curvature in the stroke direction. The driving application for this work is the visualization of layered surfaces in radiation therapy treatment planning data, and the technique is illustrated on transparent isointensity surfaces of radiation dose. | false | false | [
"Victoria Interrante",
"Henry Fuchs",
"Stephen M. Pizer"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,996 | Information Exploration Shootout or "Benchmarks for Information Exploration" | 10.1109/VISUAL.1996.568163 | Many now recognize that mining for information and knowledge from large databases and documents will be the next fundamental impact in database systems, knowledge discovery, and visualization. This is considered an important area for major cost savings and potential revenue, and it has immediate applications in decision systems, intelligence, information management, business, and communication in the form of both on-line services and the World Wide Web. Data mining now draws from fields including databases, statistics, information technology. data visualization, and artificial intelligence, especially machine learning and knowledge-based systems. There is a clear sense that, to achieve the next increase in knowledge exploitation, individual data exploration approaches must work together. | false | false | [
"Georges G. Grinstein",
"Gregory Piatetsky-Shapiro",
"Graham J. Wills"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,996 | Interactive Exploration and Modeling of Large Data Sets: A Case Study with Venus Light Scattering Data | 10.1109/VISUAL.1996.568150 | We present a system where visualization and the control of the simulation are integrated to facilitate interactive exploration and modeling of large data sets. The system was developed to estimate properties of the atmosphere of Venus from comparison between measured and simulated data. Reuse of results, distributed computing, and multiple views on the data were the major ingredients to create an effective environment. | false | false | [
"Jarke J. van Wijk",
"Hans J. W. Spoelder",
"Willem-Jan Knibbe",
"Kamran Eftekhari Shahroudi"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,996 | Interactive visualization of 3D-vector fields using illuminated stream lines | 10.1109/VISUAL.1996.567777 | A new technique for interactive vector field visualization using large numbers of properly illuminated stream lines is presented. Taking into account ambient, diffuse, and specular reflection terms as well as transparency, we employ a realistic shading model which significantly increases quality and realism of the resulting images. While many graphics workstations offer hardware support for illuminating surface primitives, usually no means for an accurate shading of line primitives are provided. However, we show that proper illumination of lines can be implemented by exploiting the texture mapping capabilities of modern graphics hardware. In this way high rendering performance with interactive frame rates can be achieved. We apply the technique to render large numbers of integral curves in a vector field. The impression of the resulting images can be further improved by making the curves partially transparent. We also describe methods for controlling the distribution of stream lines in space. These methods enable us to use illuminated stream lines within an interactive visualization environment. | false | false | [
"Malte Zöckler",
"Detlev Stalling",
"Hans-Christian Hege"
] | [
"BP"
] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,996 | Interactive visualization of ocean circulation models | 10.1109/VISUAL.1996.568149 | Visualization of computational oceanography is traditionally a post-processing step. This batch orientation is clumsy if one wants to observe the effect of a wide range of parameters on the solution. This paper describes the conversion of an ocean circulation model from this traditional design to an interactive program in which the computed solution is viewed in real-time over a wide-area network and the user is given the ability to change the model parameters and immediately observe the impact this has on the solution. | false | false | [
"Scott Nations",
"Robert J. Moorhead II",
"Kelly P. Gaither",
"Steve Aukstakalnis",
"Rhonda Vickery",
"Warren Carl Couvillion Jr.",
"Daniel N. Fox",
"Peter Flynn",
"Alan J. Wallcraft",
"Patrick Hogan",
"Ole Martin Smedstad"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,996 | Isosurfacing in span space with utmost efficiency (ISSUE) | 10.1109/VISUAL.1996.568121 | We present efficient sequential and parallel algorithms for isosurface extraction. Based on the Span Space data representation, new data subdivision and searching methods are described. We also present a parallel implementation with an emphasis on load balancing. The performance of our sequential algorithm to locate the cell elements intersected by isosurfaces is faster than the Kd tree searching method originally used for the Span Space algorithm. The parallel algorithm can achieve high load balancing for massively parallel machines with distributed memory architectures. | false | false | [
"Han-Wei Shen",
"Charles D. Hansen",
"Yarden Livnat",
"Christopher R. Johnson 0001"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,996 | LISTEN: sounding uncertainty visualization | 10.1109/VISUAL.1996.568105 | Integrated presentation of data with uncertainty is a worthy goal in scientific visualization. It allows researchers to make informed decisions based on imperfect data. It also allows users to visually compare and contrast different algorithms for performing the same task or different models for representing the same physical phenomenon. We present LISTEN-a data sonification system that has been incorporated into two visualization systems: a system for visualizing geometric uncertainty of surface interpolants; and a system for visualizing uncertainty in fluid flow. LISTEN is written in C++ for the SGI platform. It works with the SGI internal audio chip or a MIDI device or both. LISTEN is an object-oriented system that is modular, flexible, adaptable, portable, interactive and extensible. We demonstrate that sonification is very effective as an additional tool in visualizing geometric and fluid flow uncertainty. | false | false | [
"Suresh K. Lodha",
"Catherine M. Wilson",
"Robert E. Sheehan"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,996 | Mathematical Vkualization: Standing at the Crossroads | 10.1109/VISUAL.1996.568165 | Proponents of computer-aided mathematical visualization argue that visualization can help build the intuition necessary to both propose theorems and understand and create proofs. Critics counter that the traditional pristine edifice of theorem-proof mathematics is in danger of being undermined by a dangerous lack of rigor. The acceptance, or lack thereof, of visualization as a legitimate part of mathematical inquiry has implications not only for mathematicians, but for entire visualization community. Among the questions this panel will address are: | false | false | [
"Tamara Munzner",
"David Banks",
"George Francis",
"Andrew J. Hanson",
"Loki Jörgenson"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,996 | Mesh reduction with error control | 10.1109/VISUAL.1996.568124 | In many cases the surfaces of geometric models consist of a large number of triangles. Several algorithms were developed to reduce the number of triangles required to approximate such objects. Algorithms that measure the deviation between the approximated object and the original object are only available for special cases. We use the Hausdorff distance between the original and the simplified mesh as a geometrically meaningful error value which can be applied to arbitrary triangle meshes. We present a new algorithm to reduce the number of triangles of a mesh without exceeding a user defined Hausdorff distance between the original and simplified mesh. As this distance is parameterization independent, its use as error measure is superior to the use of the L/sup /spl infin//-Norm between parameterized surfaces. Furthermore the Hausdorff distance is always less than the distance induced by the L/sup /spl infin//-Norm. This results in higher reduction rates. Excellent results were achieved by the new decimation algorithm for triangle meshes that has been used in different application areas such as volume rendering, terrain modeling and the approximations of parameterized surfaces. The key advantages of the new algorithm are: it guarantees a user defined position dependent approximation error; it allows one to generate a hierarchical geometric representation in a canonical way; it automatically preserves sharp edges. | false | false | [
"Reinhard Klein",
"Gunther Liebich",
"Wolfgang Straßer"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,996 | Multi-frequency noise for LIC | 10.1109/VISUAL.1996.567784 | We present a way to visualize a flow field using Line Integral Convolution (LIC) with a multi frequency noise texture. A broad range of feature sizes can enhance a user's perception of the magnitudes and direction of the flow. In addition, the multiple scales of feature size help a user clarify the motion of the flow in an animation. | false | false | [
"Ming-Hoe Kiu",
"David C. Banks"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,996 | Multiresolution multidimensional wavelet brushing | 10.1109/VISUAL.1996.567800 | Brushing is a data visualization technique that identifies and highlights data subsets. We introduce a form of brushing in which the brushed data is usually displayed at a different resolution than the non brushed data. The paper presents the rationale behind the multiresolution support of multivariate data visualization and describes the construction of multiresolution brushing using wavelet approximations. The idea is implemented in an enhanced version of XmdvTool. Real scientific data is used for demonstration and practical applications are suggested. | false | false | [
"Pak Chung Wong",
"R. Daniel Bergeron"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,996 | Octree-based decimation of marching cubes surfaces | 10.1109/VISUAL.1996.568127 | The marching cubes (MC) algorithm is a method for generating isosurfaces. It also generates an excessively large number of triangles to represent an isosurface; this increases the rendering time. This paper presents a decimation method to reduce the number of triangles generated. Decimation is carried out before creating a large number of triangles. Four major steps comprise the algorithm: surface tracking, merging, crack patching and triangulation. Surface tracking is an enhanced implementation of the MC algorithm. Starting from a seed point, the surface tracker visits only those cells likely to compose part of the desired isosurface. The cells making up the extracted surface are stored in an octree that is further processed. A bottom-up approach is taken in merging the cells containing a relatively flat approximating surface. The finer surface details are maintained. Cells are merged as long as the error due to such an operation is within a user-specified error parameter, or a cell acquires more than one connected surface component in it. A crack patching method is described that forces edges of smaller cells to lie along those of the larger neighboring cells. The overall saving in the number of triangles depends both on the specified error value and the nature of the data. Use of the hierarchical octree data structure also presents the potential of incremental representation of surfaces. We can generate a highly smoothed surface representation which can be progressively refined as the user-specified error value is decreased. | false | false | [
"Raj Shekhar",
"Elias Fayyad",
"Roni Yagel",
"J. Fredrick Cornhill"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,996 | Opacity-modulating triangular textures for irregular surfaces | 10.1109/VISUAL.1996.568111 | Many scientific and medical visualization techniques produce irregular surfaces whose shape and structure need to be understood. Examples include tissue and tumor boundaries in medical imaging, molecular surfaces and force thresholds in chemical and pharmaceutical applications, and isosurfaces in a wide range of 3D domains. The 3D shape of such surfaces can be particularly difficult to interpret because of the unfamiliar, irregular shapes, the potential concavities and bulges, and the lack of parallel lines and right angles to provide perspective depth cues. Attempts to display multiple irregular surfaces by making some or all of them transparent further complicates the problem. Texture can provide valuable cues to aid in the interpretation of irregular surfaces. Opacity-modulating textures offer a mechanism for the display of multiple surfaces without the extreme loss of clarity of multiple transparent surfaces. This paper presents a method for creating simple repeating textures and mapping them onto irregular surfaces. | false | false | [
"Penny Rheingans"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,996 | Optimizing triangle strips for fast rendering | 10.1109/VISUAL.1996.568125 | Almost all scientific visualization involving surfaces is currently done via triangles. The speed at which such triangulated surfaces can be displayed is crucial to interactive visualization and is bounded by the rate at which triangulated data can be sent to the graphics subsystem for rendering. Partitioning polygonal models into triangle strips can significantly reduce rendering times over transmitting each triangle individually. We present new and efficient algorithms for constructing triangle strips from partially triangulated models, and experimental results showing these strips are on average 15% better than those from previous codes. Further, we study the impact of larger buffer sizes and various queuing disciplines on the effectiveness of triangle strips. | false | false | [
"Francine Evans",
"Steven Skiena",
"Amitabh Varshney"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,996 | Perceptualisation using a tactile mouse | 10.1109/VISUAL.1996.568104 | Whilst there has been considerable effort in constructing force feedback devices for use in virtual environments, and in the use of touch as a prosthesis for the blind, there has been little work on the use of touch in the visualisation or more properly, perceptualisation of data. Touch potentially offers an additional dimension of perception where visualisation is limited by screen size, resolution, and visual overload. We describe some tactile mice and experiments in using tactile mice for a variety of perceptualisation tasks. | false | false | [
"Robert G. Hughes",
"A. Robin Forrest"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,996 | Raycasting vector fields | 10.1109/VISUAL.1996.567780 | Direct Volume Rendering (DVR) allows the holistic visualization of huge volumetric data sets in a single image. Computational fluid dynamics data is in principle well suited for DVR. But efficient mappings of the directional information of vector fields are still to be found. We investigate how the raycasting technique can be used to directly render vector fields. Our approach is based on the perception that other flow visualization techniques use visualization objects that are locally tangential to the vector field together with directed light sources. From this, we developed the idea to shade streamlines at sampling points when raycasting a vector field. We extended this approach further to more abstract mappings where pseudo color is used. Combining opacity mapping, pseudo color mapping, and streamline shading we can express flow speed and flow direction together in one single image. | false | false | [
"Thomas Frühauf"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,996 | Real-time Accelerators for Volume Rendering | 10.1109/VISUAL.1996.568160 | null | false | false | [
"Arie E. Kaufman",
"Hanspeter Pfister",
"Günter Knittel",
"Jürgen Hesser",
"John C. Goble"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,996 | Real-time incremental visualization of dynamic ultrasound volumes using parallel BSP trees | 10.1109/VISUAL.1996.568114 | We present a method for producing real-time volume visualizations of continuously captured, arbitrarily-oriented 2D arrays (slices) of data. Our system constructs a 3D representation on-the-fly from incoming 2D ultrasound slices by modeling and rendering the slices as planar polygons with translucent surface textures. We use binary space partition (BSP) tree data structures to provide non-intersecting, visibility-ordered primitives for accurate opacity accumulation images. New in our system is a method of using parallel, time-shifted BSP trees to efficiently manage the continuously captured ultrasound data and to decrease the variability in image generation time between output frames. This technique is employed in a functioning real-time augmented reality system that a physician has used to examine human patients prior to breast biopsy procedures. We expect the technique can be used for real-time visualization of any 2D data being collected from a tracked sensor moving along an arbitrary path. | false | false | [
"William F. Garrett",
"Henry Fuchs",
"Mary C. Whitton",
"Andrei State"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,996 | Real-time slicing of data space | 10.1109/VISUAL.1996.568119 | Real time rendering of iso contour surfaces is problematic for large complex data sets. An algorithm is presented that allows very rapid representation of an interval set surrounding an iso contour surface. The algorithm draws upon three main ideas. A fast indexing scheme is used to select only those data points near the contour surface. Hardware assisted splatting is then employed on these data points to produce a volume rendering of the interval set. Finally, by shifting a small window through the indexing scheme or data space, animated volumes are produced showing the changing contour values. In addition to allowing fast selection and rendering of the data, the indexing scheme allows a much compressed representation of the data by eliminating "noise" data points. | false | false | [
"Roger Crawfis"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,996 | Results in mathematics and music: Visualization of roughness in musical consonance | 10.1109/VISUAL.1996.568130 | The definition of consonance as the ability to resolve a sound into the pitch categories is introduced. For a vector space of chords a norm is used to evaluate the consonance linearly in dependence of the instrument used. It is shown that in the corresponding Hilbert space the chords which usually appear together in a conventional musical piece are recognized in terms of "closeness". | false | false | [
"Florian Sobieczky"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,996 | Surface Rendering Versus Volume Rendering In Medical Imaging: Techniques And Applications | 10.1109/VISUAL.1996.568151 | High resolution imaging modalities. combined with advances in computer technology has prompted renewed interest and led to significant progress in volumetric reconstruction of medical images. Clinical assessment of this technique and whether it can provide enhanced diagnostic interpretation is currently under investigation by various medical and scientific groups. The purpose of this panel is to evaluate the clinical utility of two major 3D rendering techniques that allow the user to “fly through” and around medical data-sets. | false | false | [
"Ramin Shahidi",
"William E. Lorensen",
"Ron Kikinis",
"John Flynn",
"Arie E. Kaufman",
"Sandy Napel"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,996 | Temporal continuity of levels of detail in Delaunay triangulated terrain | 10.1109/VISUAL.1996.567600 | The representation of a scene at different levels of detail is necessary to achieve real-time rendering. In aerial views, only the part of the scene that is close to the viewing point needs to be displayed with a high level of detail, while more distant parts can be displayed with a low level of detail. However, when a sequence of images is generated and displayed in real-time, the transition between different levels of detail causes noticeable temporal aliasing. In this paper, we propose a method, based on object blending, that visually softens the transition between two levels of Delaunay triangulation. We present an algorithm that establishes, in an off-line process, a correspondence between two given polygonal objects. The correspondence enables on-line blending between two representations of an object, so that one representation (level of detail) progressively evolves into the other. | false | false | [
"Daniel Cohen-Or",
"Yishay Levanoni"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,996 | The challenges of visualizing and modeling environmental data | 10.1109/VISUAL.1996.568145 | Existing volume visualization techniques are typically applied to a three-dimensional grid. This presents some challenging problems in the visualization of environmental data. This data often consists of unevenly distributed samples. Typically a two-step approach is used to visualize environmental data. First the unevenly distributed sample data are modeled onto a uniform 3-D grid. This grid model is subsequently rendered using conventional grid-based visualization techniques. This paper discusses some of the limitations of this approach and highlights areas where further research is needed to improve the accuracy of visualization for environmental applications. | false | false | [
"Yingcai Xiao",
"John P. Ziebarth",
"Chuck Woodbury",
"Eric Bayer",
"Bruce Rundell",
"Jeroen van der Zijp"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,996 | The Design and Implementation of an Object-Oriented Toolkit for 3D Graphics and Visualization | 10.1109/VISUAL.1996.567752 | The Visualization Toolkit (vtk) is a freely available C++ class library for 3D graphics and visualization. We describe core characteristics of the toolkit. This includes a description of object oriented models for graphics and visualization; methods for synchronizing system execution; a summary of data representation schemes; the role of C++; issues in portability across PC and Unix systems; and how we automatically wrap the C++ class library with interpreted languages such as Java and Tcl. We also demonstrate the capabilities of the system for scalar, vector, tensor, and other visualization techniques. | false | false | [
"William J. Schroeder",
"Ken Martin",
"William E. Lorensen"
] | [
"TT"
] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,996 | Three Dimensional Visualization of Proteins in Cellular Interactions | 10.1109/VISUAL.1996.568133 | In researching the communication mechanisms between cells of the immune system, visualization of proteins in three dimensions can be used to determine which proteins are capable of interacting with one another at a given time by showing their spatial colocality. Volume data sets are created using digital confocal immunofluorescence microscopy. A variety of visualization approaches are then used to examine the interactions. These include volume rendering, isosurface extraction, and virtual reality. Based on our experiences, we have concluded that no single one of these approaches provides a complete solution for visualizing biological data. However, in combination, their respective strengths complement one another to provide an understanding of the data. | false | false | [
"Colin R. F. Monks",
"Patricia Crossno",
"George S. Davidson",
"Constantine J. Pavlakos",
"Abraham Kupfer",
"Cláudio T. Silva",
"Brian N. Wylie"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,996 | Time management, simultaneity and time-critical computation in interactive unsteady visualization environments | 10.1109/VISUAL.1996.568117 | The paper describes time management and time critical computing for a near real time interactive unsteady visualization environment. Subtle issues regarding the flow of time are described, formalized and addressed. The resulting system correctly reflects time behavior while allowing the user to control the flow of time. The problem of time critical computation is discussed and a solution is presented. These time critical algorithms provide control over the frame rate of a visualization system, allowing interactive exploration. | false | false | [
"Steve Bryson",
"Sandy Johan"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,996 | Triangular NURBS surface modeling of scattered data | 10.1109/VISUAL.1996.568122 | We propose to fit triangular NURBS surfaces to noisy, sparse, scattered 3D data while simultaneously localizing and preserving sharp edges. We use a vector voting method to interpolate, from sparse data, three dense potential fields for surfaces, edges, and junctions. The global voting interpolants encode several human perceptual grouping principles such as cosurfacity, proximity, and constancy of curvature. The inferred potential fields are stored in three volumetric grids, giving each voxel the probability of being a surface point, an edge point, and a junction point. Then we use a new model called "winged B snakes", which are deformable triangular NURBS surfaces embedded with active curves, to fit the surfaces and align the edges and junctions. Finally, a smooth C/sup 1/ surface which preserves discontinuity edges and junctions is constructed. Fine tuning and surface fairing is done by adjusting the weights. | false | false | [
"Song Han",
"Gérard G. Medioni"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,996 | Two-handed interactive stereoscopic visualization | 10.1109/VISUAL.1996.568109 | This paper describes a minimally immersive interactive system for visualization of multivariate volumetric data. The system, SFA, uses glyph-based volume rendering which does not suffer the initial costs of isosurface rendering or voxel-based volume rendering, while offering the capability of viewing the entire volume. Glyph rendering also allows the simultaneous display of multiple data values per volume location. Two-handed interaction using three-space magnetic trackers and stereoscopic viewing are combined to produce a minimally immersive volumetric visualization system that enhances the user's three-dimensional perception of the data. We describe the usefulness of this system for visualizing volumetric scalar and vector data. SFA allows the three-dimensional volumetric visualization, manipulation, navigation, and analysis of multivariate, time-varying volumetric data, increasing the quantity and clarity of the information conveyed from the visualization system. | false | false | [
"David S. Ebert",
"Chris Shaw 0002",
"Amen Zwa",
"Cindy Starr"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,996 | UFLOW: visualizing uncertainty in fluid flow | 10.1109/VISUAL.1996.568116 | Uncertainty or errors are introduced in fluid flow data as the data is acquired, transformed and rendered. Although researchers are aware of these uncertainties, little has been done to incorporate them in the existing visualization systems for fluid flow. In the absence of integrated presentation of data and its associated uncertainty, the analysis of the visualization is incomplete at best and may lead to inaccurate or incorrect conclusions. The article presents UFLOW-a system for visualizing uncertainty in fluid flow. Although there are several sources of uncertainties in fluid flow data, in this work, we focus on uncertainty arising from the use of different numerical algorithms for computing particle traces in a fluid flow. The techniques that we have employed to visualize uncertainty in fluid flow include uncertainty glyphs, flow envelopes, animations, priority sequences, twirling batons of trace viewpoints, and rakes. These techniques are effective in making the users aware of the effects of different integration methods and their sensitivity, especially near critical points in the flow field. | false | false | [
"Suresh K. Lodha",
"Alex T. Pang",
"Robert E. Sheehan",
"Craig M. Wittenbrink"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,996 | Untangling Knots by Stochastic Energy Optimization | 10.1109/VISUAL.1996.568120 | A method for visualizing unknottedness of mathematical knots via energy optimization with simulated annealing is presented. In this method a potential field is formed around a tangled rope that causes it to self-repel. By allowing the rope to evolve in this field in search of an energy minimizing configuration we can determine the knot type of the initial configuration. In particular, it is natural to conjecture that if such a "charged rope" was not initially knotted, it will reach its minimal potential in a circular configuration, given a suitable energy functional. Because situations potentially arise in which the functional may not be strictly unimodal, we suggest it to be advantageous to use a robust stochastic optimization technique (simulated annealing), rather than a deterministic hill climber common in physically based approaches, to make sure that the evolving rope does not settle in a suboptimal configuration. The same method is applicable to simplifying arbitrary knots and links and for establishing knot equivalence. Aside from its theoretical appeal, the method promises to solve practical problems common in genetic research and polymer design. | false | false | [
"Milana Huang",
"Robert P. Grzeszczuk",
"Louis H. Kauffman"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,996 | Using visualization in the archaeological excavations of a pre-Inca temple in Peru | 10.1109/VISUAL.1996.568132 | We describe an on-going project that is using visualization as an indispensable tool for the restoration of the disintegrated ceiling of a ritual precinct that was discovered during archaeological excavations of a group of pre-Inca temples in Peru. This ceiling is unique-it is the only one ever found that has pictures painted on it, rather than being simply white-washed. The restoration of the ceiling, and the recovery of these iconographic figures will provide an unprecedented opportunity to study the culture of the Moche people who build and used these temples. | false | false | [
"Alan D. Kalvin",
"Alfredo Remy",
"Orlando Ardito",
"Kim Morla",
"Eduardo Nolasco",
"Jorge Prado",
"Regulo Franco",
"Antonio Murga",
"Guillermo Wiese"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,996 | Virtual Workbench-a non-immersive virtual environment for visualizing and interacting with 3D objects for scientific visualization | 10.1109/VISUAL.1996.568128 | The Virtual Workbench (VW) is a non-immersive virtual environment that allows users to view and interact with stereoscopic objects displayed on a workspace similar to a tabletop workspace used in day-to-day life. A VW is an ideal environment for collaborative work where several colleagues can gather around the table to study 3D virtual objects. The Virtual Reality laboratory at the Naval Research Laboratory has implemented the VW using a concept similar to (Froehlich et al., 1994). This paper investigates how the VW can be used as a non-immersive display device for understanding and interpreting complex objects encountered in the scientific visualization field. Different techniques for interacting with 3D visualization objects on the table and using VW as a display device for visualization are evaluated using several cases. | false | false | [
"Upul Obeysekare",
"Chas Williams",
"Jim Durbin",
"Lawrence J. Rosenblum",
"Robert Rosenberg",
"Fernando Grinstein",
"Ravi Ramamurthi",
"Alexandra Landsberg",
"William Sandberg"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,996 | Visualization of Complex Models Using Dynamic Texture-based Simplification | 10.1109/VISUAL.1996.567774 | We are investigating methods for simplifying complex models for interactive visualizations using texture based representations. The paper presents a simplification method which dynamically "caches" distant geometry into textures and trades off accurate rendering of the distant geometry for performance. Smooth transitions and continuous borders are defined between the geometry and textures thus the representations can be switched without sudden jumps (as is the case with many current texturing techniques). All the computations for the transitions can be done a priori without the need to change the textures each frame thereafter. | false | false | [
"Daniel G. Aliaga"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,996 | Visualization of water quality data for the Chesapeake Bay | 10.1109/VISUAL.1996.568146 | We discuss a visualization system for the comparison of simulated and measured water quality. The system extends SCIRT (Site Characterization Interactive Research Toolkit), an interactive system originally developed at the NSF Engineering Research Center for Computational Field Simulation at Mississippi State University. The ongoing study of the Chesapeake Bay presents research in 3D visualization of model-data comparisons. | false | false | [
"Adam B. Forgang",
"Bernd Hamann",
"Carl F. Cerco"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,996 | Visualization over the World Wide Web and its application to environmental data | 10.1109/VISUAL.1996.567610 | Explores the way in which data visualization systems, in particular modular visualization environments, can be used over the World Wide Web. The conventional approach is for the publisher of the data also to be responsible for creating the visualization, and posting it as an image on the Web. This leaves the viewer in a passive role, with no opportunity to analyse the data in any way. We look at different scenarios that occur as we transfer more responsibility for the creation of the visualization to the viewer, allowing visualization to be used for analysis as well as presentation. We have implemented one particular scenario, where the publisher mounts the raw data on the Web, and the viewer accesses this data through a modular visualization environment-in this case, IRIS Explorer. The visualization system is hosted by the publisher, but its fine control is the responsibility of the viewer. The picture is returned to the viewer as VRML, for exploration via a VRML viewer such as Webspace. We have applied this to air quality data which is posted on the Web hourly: through our system, the viewer selects what data to look at (e.g. species of pollutant, location, time period) and how to look at it-at any time and from anywhere on the Web. | false | false | [
"Jason D. Wood",
"Ken Brodlie",
"Helen Wright"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,996 | Volume Thinning for Automatic Isosurface Propagation | 10.1109/VISUAL.1996.568123 | An isosurface can be efficiently generated by visiting adjacent intersected cells in order, as if the isosurface were propagating itself. We previously proposed an extrema graph method (T. Itoh and K. Koyamada, 1995), which generates a graph connecting extremum points. The isosurface propagation starts from some of the intersected cells that are found both by visiting the cells through which arcs of the graph pass and by visiting the cells on the boundary of a volume. We propose an efficient method of searching for cells intersected by an isosurface. This method generates a volumetric skeleton. consisting of cells, like an extrema graph, by applying a thinning algorithm used in the image recognition area. Since it preserves the topological features of the volume and the connectivity of the extremum points, it necessarily intersects every isosurface. The method is more efficient than the extrema graph method, since it does not require that cells on the boundary be visited. | false | false | [
"Takayuki Itoh",
"Yasushi Yamaguchi 0001",
"Koji Koyamada"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,996 | Volume tracking | 10.1109/VISUAL.1996.567807 | 3D time varying datasets are difficult to visualize and analyze because of the immense amount of data involved. This is especially true when the datasets are turbulent with many evolving amorphous regions, as it is difficult to observe patterns and follow regions of interest. We present our volume based feature tracking algorithm and discuss how it can be used to help visualize and analyze large time varying datasets. We also address efficiency issues in dealing with massive time varying datasets. | false | false | [
"Deborah Silver",
"Xin Wang"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,996 | Wavelets applied to lossless compression and progressive transmission of floating point data in 3-D curvilinear grids | 10.1109/VISUAL.1996.568138 | A method of lossless compression using wavelets is presented that enables progressive transmission of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) data in PLOT3D format. The floating point data is first converted to double-precision floating point format to maintain adequate precision throughout the transform process. It is then transformed using Haar wavelets-four times in two spatial dimensions, twice in the third spatial dimension, and twice in time for a total compression factor of 64 times. The double precision format will maintain enough precision during the transform to keep the process lossless. Next, the transformed data is compressed using Huffman coding and transmitted progressively using spectral selection. This allows most of the information to be transmitted in the first pass. Details are transmitted in later passes which ultimately provide for lossless reconstruction of the original data. | false | false | [
"Aaron Trott",
"Robert J. Moorhead II",
"John McGinley"
] | [] | [] | [] |
InfoVis | 1,996 | Animating multidimensional scaling to visualize N-dimensional data sets | 10.1109/INFVIS.1996.559223 | Many techniques have been developed for visualizing multivariate (multidimensional) data. Most, if not all, are limited by the number of dimensions which can be effectively displayed. Multidimensional scaling (MDS) is an iterative non-linear technique for projecting n-D data down to a lower number of dimensions. This work presents extensions to MDS that enhance visualization of high-dimensional data sets. These extensions include animation, stochastic perturbation, and flow visualization techniques. | false | false | [
"Chris Bentley",
"Matthew O. Ward"
] | [] | [] | [] |
InfoVis | 1,996 | Data characterization for automatically visualizing heterogeneous information | 10.1109/INFVIS.1996.559211 | Automated graphical generation systems should be able to design effective presentations for heterogeneous (quantitative and qualitative) information in static or interactive environments. When building such a system, it is important to thoroughly understand the presentation-related characteristics of domain-specific information. We define a data-analysis taxonomy that can be used to characterize heterogeneous information. In addition to capturing the presentation-related properties of data, our characterization takes into account the user's information-seeking goals and visual-interpretation preferences. We use automatically-generated examples from two different application domains to demonstrate the coverage of the proposed taxonomy and its utility for selecting effective graphical techniques. | false | false | [
"Michelle X. Zhou",
"Steven K. Feiner"
] | [] | [] | [] |
InfoVis | 1,996 | DEPICT: Documents Evaluated as Pictures. Visualizing information using context vectors and self-organizing maps | 10.1109/INFVIS.1996.559228 | HNC Software, Inc. has developed a system called DEPICT for visualizing the information content of large textual corpora. The system is built around two separate neural network methodologies: context vectors and self-organizing maps. Context vectors (CVs) are high dimensional information representations that encode the semantic content of the textual entities they represent. Self-organizing maps (SOMs) are capable of transforming an input, high dimensional signal space into a much lower (usually two or three) dimensional output space useful for visualization. Neither process requires human intervention, nor an external knowledge base. Together, these neural network techniques can be utilized to automatically identify the relevant information themes present in a corpus, and present those themes to the user in a intuitive visual form. | false | false | [
"David A. Rushall",
"Marc R. Ilgen"
] | [] | [] | [] |
InfoVis | 1,996 | Distortion viewing techniques for 3-dimensional data | 10.1109/INFVIS.1996.559215 | As the use of 3D information presentation becomes more prevalent, the need for effective viewing tools grows accordingly. Much work has been done in developing tools for 2D spaces which allow for detail in context views. We examine the extension of such 2D methods to 3D and explore the limitations encountered in accessing internal regions of the data with these methods. We then describe a novel solution to this problem of internal access with the introduction of a distortion function which creates a clear line of sight to the focus revealing sections previously obscured. The distortion is symmetric about the line of sight and is smoothly integrated back into the original 3D layout. | false | false | [
"Sheelagh Carpendale",
"David J. Cowperthwaite",
"F. David Fracchia"
] | [] | [] | [] |
InfoVis | 1,996 | Dual multiresolution HyperSlice for multivariate data visualization | 10.1109/INFVIS.1996.559224 | We present a new multiresolution visualization design which allows a user to control the physical data resolution as well as the logical display resolution of multivariate data. A system prototype is described which uses the HyperSlice representation. The notion of space projection in multivariate data is introduced. This process is coupled with wavelets to form a powerful tool for very large data visualization. | false | false | [
"Pak Chung Wong",
"Andrew H. Crabb",
"R. Daniel Bergeron"
] | [] | [] | [] |
InfoVis | 1,996 | FINESSE: a financial information spreadsheet | 10.1109/INFVIS.1996.559222 | We outline a spreadsheet-based system for visualization of real-time financial information. Our system permits the user to define arithmetic and presentation relationships amongst the various cells of the spreadsheet. The cells contain primitives that can be numbers, text, images, functions and graphics. Presenting financial information in this format allows its intended clients, the financial analysts, to work in the familiar environment of a spreadsheet and allows them the flexibility afforded by the powerful interface of the spreadsheet paradigm. In addition, our system permits real-time visualization of the financial data stream allowing its user to visually trade the changing market trends in two and three dimensions. | false | false | [
"Amitabh Varshney",
"Arie E. Kaufman"
] | [] | [] | [] |
InfoVis | 1,996 | Geospatial metadata querying and visualization on the WWW using Java™ applets | 10.1109/INFVIS.1996.559225 | This paper presents the query and visualization interfaces of the Master Environmental Library (MEL) system. MEL uses the World Wide Web (WWW) to make accessible distributed data whose metadata conform to the Federal Geographic Data Committee's (FGDC) content standards for digital geospatial metadata. The interfaces are implemented as Java/sup TM/ applets and are more intuitive, interactive and possess greater functionality than their Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) counterparts. As well as querying, the interface allows users to visualize and manage the list of query results so that users can more quickly discover the datasets of real interest. Several new tools used to visualize attributes of the metadata are presented. | false | false | [
"Naim Alper",
"Chuck Stein"
] | [] | [] | [] |
InfoVis | 1,996 | Interactive visualization of multiway tables | 10.1109/INFVIS.1996.559221 | Many business data visualization applications involve large databases with dozens of fields and millions of rows. Interactive visualization of these databases is difficult because of the large amount of data involved. We present a method of summarizing large databases which is well suited to interactive visualization. We illustrate this with a visualization tool for the domain of call billing data. | false | false | [
"Kenneth C. Cox",
"Dianne Hackborn"
] | [] | [] | [] |
InfoVis | 1,996 | Minimally-immersive interactive volumetric information visualization | 10.1109/INFVIS.1996.559220 | This paper describes a minimally immersive volumetric interactive system for information visualization. The system, SFA, uses glyph-based volume rendering, enabling more information attributes to be visualized than traditional 2D and surface-based information visualization systems. Two-handed interaction and stereoscopic viewing combine to produce a minimally immersive interactive system that enhances the user's three-dimensional perception of the information space, capitalizing on the human visual system's pre-attentive learning capabilities to quickly analyze the displayed information. The paper describes the usefulness of this system for the visualization of document similarity within a corpus of textual documents. SFA allows the three-dimensional volumetric visualization, manipulation, navigation, and analysis of multivariate, time-varying information spaces, increasing the quantity and clarity of information conveyed from the visualization as compared to traditional 2D information systems. | false | false | [
"David S. Ebert",
"Chris Shaw 0002",
"Amen Zwa",
"Ethan L. Miller",
"D. Aaron Roberts"
] | [] | [] | [] |
InfoVis | 1,996 | On the semantics of interactive visualizations | 10.1109/INFVIS.1996.559213 | Interactive techniques are powerful tools for manipulating visualizations to analyze, communicate and acquire information. This is especially true for large data sets or complex 3D visualizations. Although many new types of interaction have been introduced recently, very little work has been done on understanding what their components are, how they are related and how they can be combined. This paper begins to address these issues with a framework for classifying interactive visualizations. Our goal is a framework that will enable us to develop toolkits for assembling visualization interfaces both interactively and automatically. | false | false | [
"Mei C. Chuah",
"Steven F. Roth"
] | [] | [] | [] |
InfoVis | 1,996 | Rapid prototyping of information visualizations using VANISH | 10.1109/INFVIS.1996.559212 | Discusses a software tool called VANISH (Visualizing And Navigating Information Structured Hierarchically), which supports the rapid prototyping of interactive 2D and 3D information visualizations. VANISH supports rapid prototyping through a special-purpose visual language called VaPL (VANISH Programming Language) tailored for visualizations, through a software architecture that insulates visualization-specific code from changes in both the domain being visualized and the presentation toolkit used, and through the reuse of visualization techniques between application domains. The generality of VANISH is established by showing how it is able to re-create a wide variety of "standard" visualization techniques. VANISH's support for prototyping is shown through an extended example, where we build a C++ class browser, exploring many visualization alternatives in the process. | false | false | [
"Rick Kazman",
"S. Jeromy Carrière"
] | [] | [] | [] |
InfoVis | 1,996 | Selection: 524,288 ways to say "this is interesting" | 10.1109/INFVIS.1996.559216 | Visualization is a critical technology for understanding complex, data-rich systems. Effective visualizations make important features of the data immediately recognizable and enable the user to discover interesting and useful results by highlighting patterns. A key element of such systems is the ability to interact with displays of data by selecting a subset for further investigation. This operation is needed for use in linked-views systems and in drill-down analysis. It is a common manipulation in many other systems. It is as ubiquitous as selecting icons in a desktop GUI. It is therefore surprising to note that little research has been done on how selection can be implemented. This paper addresses this omission, presenting a taxonomy for selection mechanisms and discussing the interactions between branches of the taxonomy. Our suggestion of 524,288 possible systems [2/sup 16/ operation systems/spl times/2 (memory/memoryless)/spl times/2 (data-dependent/independent)/spl times/2 (brush/lasso)] is more in fun than serious, as within the taxonomy there are many different choices that can be made. This framework is the result of considering both the current state of the art and historical antecedents. | false | false | [
"Graham J. Wills"
] | [] | [] | [] |
InfoVis | 1,996 | Techniques for non-linear magnification transformations | 10.1109/INFVIS.1996.559214 | This paper presents efficient methods for implementing general non-linear magnification transformations. Techniques are provided for: combining linear and non-linear magnifications, constraining the domain of magnifications, combining multiple transformations, and smoothly interpolating between magnified and normal views. In addition, piecewise linear methods are introduced which allow greater efficiency and expressiveness than their continuous counterparts. | false | false | [
"Alan Keahey",
"Edward L. Robertson"
] | [] | [] | [] |
InfoVis | 1,996 | Towards rich information landscapes for visualising structured Web spaces | 10.1109/INFVIS.1996.559218 | The Harmony browser for the Hyper-G Web server utilises Hyper-G's rich data model to provide a number of tightly-coupled, two- and three-dimensional visualisation and navigational facilities. In particular the Harmony Information Landscape visualises the hierarchical structure of Hyper-G spaces upon a plane in three-dimensional space. The Harmony Information Landscape has now been extended to display a combined structure and link map by selectively superimposing hyperlink relationships in the vertical dimension above and below the hierarchy map. In addition, documents returned by search queries may be selectively "plotted" in the landscape, indicating their whereabouts in a broader context, and several sets of 3D icons are available for representing the various document types. | false | false | [
"Keith Andrews",
"Michael Pichler",
"Peter Wolf"
] | [] | [] | [] |
InfoVis | 1,996 | Visage: a user interface environment for exploring information | 10.1109/INFVIS.1996.559210 | Visage is a prototype user interface environment for exploring and analyzing information. It represents an approach to coordinating multiple visualizations, analysis and presentation tools in data-intensive domains. Visage is based on an information-centric approach to user interface design which strives to eliminate impediments to direct user access to information objects across applications and visualizations. Visage consists of a set of data manipulation operations, an intelligent system for generating a wide variety of data visualizations (SAGE) and a briefing tool that supports the conversion of visual displays used during exploration into interactive presentation slides. This paper presents the user interface components and styles of interaction that are central to Visage's information-centric approach. | false | false | [
"Steven F. Roth",
"Peter Lucas 0002",
"Jeffrey Senn",
"Cristina C. Gomberg",
"Michael B. Burks",
"Philip J. Stroffolino",
"John A. Kolojechick",
"Carolyn Dunmire"
] | [
"TT"
] | [] | [] |
InfoVis | 1,996 | Visualizing a tennis match | 10.1109/INFVIS.1996.559229 | This paper describes our work on visualizing the information of a tennis match. We use competition trees to organize the information of a tennis match and visualize the competition trees by the top-nesting layered maps with translucent colored layers. We create iconic representations to describe the detailed information of athletic events in an intuitive manner. Specialized views of the information are displayed by applying multiple Magic Lens filters on the top-nesting layered maps. The dynamic nature of the tennis match is depicted by the time-varying display. The approach we present in this paper can be used to visualize other sports information, information with competition property, or information with hierarchical structure. | false | false | [
"Liqun Jin",
"David C. Banks"
] | [] | [] | [] |
InfoVis | 1,996 | Visualizing the global topology of the MBone | 10.1109/INFVIS.1996.559226 | We present a case study of visualizing the global topology of the Internet MBone. The MBone is the Internet's multicast backbone. Multicast is the most efficient way of distributing data from one sender to multiple receivers with minimal packet duplication. Developed and initially deployed by researchers within the Internet community, the MBone has been extremely popular for efficient transmission across the Internet of real-time video and audio streams such as conferences, meetings, congressional sessions, and NASA shuttle launches. The MBone, like the Internet itself grew exponentially with no central authority. The resulting suboptimal topology is of growing concern to network providers and the multicast research community. We create a geographic representation of the tunnel structure as arcs on a globe by resolving the latitude and longitude of MBone routers. The interactive 3D maps permit an immediate understanding of the global structure unavailable from the data in its original form as lines of text with only hostnames and IP addresses. Data visualization techniques such as grouping and thresholding allow further analysis of specific aspects of the MBone topology. We distribute the interactive 3D maps through the World-Wide Web using the VRML file format thus allowing network maintainers throughout the world to analyze the structure move effectively than would be possible with still pictures or pre-made videos. | false | false | [
"Tamara Munzner",
"Eric Hoffman",
"Kimberly C. Claffy",
"Bill Fenner"
] | [] | [] | [] |
InfoVis | 1,996 | Visualizing the results of multimedia Web search engines | 10.1109/INFVIS.1996.559219 | Search engines are very useful because they allow the user to retrieve documents of interest from the World-Wide Web. However, if the user's query results in lots of records to be retrieved, just listing the results is not very user-friendly. We are developing a system that allows the visualization of the results. Visualizations of both text and image search are generated on the fly based on the search results. | false | false | [
"Sougata Mukherjea",
"Kyoji Hirata",
"Yoshinori Hara"
] | [] | [] | [] |
InfoVis | 1,996 | Visualizing usability log data | 10.1109/INFVIS.1996.559227 | Our approach to testing graphical user interfaces involves logging large amounts of data. These logs capture information at the key press and mouse click level about how an application is used. Since the raw data is voluminous and not at a useful level of detail, we use analysis and visualization to find information that is interesting and useful to a usability analyst but was previously buried in the data. We call some of our custom visualizations "contextual" meaning they use key elements of the context the data was collected in as an organizing structure. We expect this type of visualization to be easier and faster to understand and more helpful than traditional charts. We hope that our finding a natural geometry for these visualizations will inspire others whose data apparently has no inherent geometry to find natural ways to visualize their data. | false | false | [
"Mark Gray",
"Albert N. Badre",
"Mark Guzdial"
] | [] | [] | [] |
CHI | 1,996 | Externalising Abstract Mathematical Models | 10.1145/238386.238587 | Abstract mathematical models play an important part in engineering design, economic decision making and other activities. Such models can be externalised in the form of Interactive Visualisation Artifacts (IVAs). These IVAs display the data generated by mathematical models in simple graphs which are interactively linked. Visual examination of these graphs enables users to acquire insight into the complex relations embodied in the model. In the engineering context this insight can be exploited to aid design. The paper describes two IVAs for engineering design: The Influence Explorer and The Prosection Matrix. Formative evaluation studies are briefly discussed. | false | false | [
"Lisa Tweedie",
"Robert Spence",
"Huw Dawkes",
"Hua Su"
] | [] | [] | [] |
CHI | 1,996 | Interaction Design and Human Factors Support in the Development of a Personal Communicator for Children | 10.1145/238386.238603 | Today's computer games for children are primarily focused on boys. Two years ago Philips started the development of a new 'personal communication' product that addresses the needs of young children and especially the needs of young gifts. This article is focused on the interaction design and human factors support provided throughout the development of this product. It illustrates the involvement of the interaction design discipline, ranging from the initial generation and visualization of interface ideas to the final transfer to the software engineering team of detailed user interface specifications. The article also describes how human factors support ensured that potential users were involved on continuously in the design process, as well' as how this involvement influenced the development of the final product. The article concludes with a discussion of the lessons learned in designing products for children. | false | false | [
"Ron Oosterholt",
"Mieko Kusano",
"Govert de Vries"
] | [] | [] | [] |
CHI | 1,996 | LifeLines: Visualizing Personal Histories | 10.1145/238386.238493 | LifeLines provide a general visualization environment for personal histories that can be applied to medical and court records, professional histories and other types of biographical data. A one screen overview shows multiple facets of the records. Aspects, for example medical conditions or legal cases, are displayed as individual time lines, while icons indicate discrete events, such as physician consultations or legal reviews. Line color and thickness illustrate relationships or significance, rescaling tools and filters allow users to focus on part of the information. LifeLines reduce the chances of missing information, facilitate spotting anomalies and trends, streamline access to details, while remaining tailorable and easily transferable between applications. The paper describes the use of LifeLines for youth records of the Maryland Department of Juvenile Justice and also for medical records. User's feedback was collected using a Visual Basic prototype for the youth record. Techniques to deal with complex records are reviewed and issues of a standard personal record format are discussed. | false | false | [
"Catherine Plaisant",
"Brett Milash",
"Anne Rose",
"Seth Widoff",
"Ben Shneiderman"
] | [] | [] | [] |
CHI | 1,996 | Multiagent Model of Dynamic Design: Visualization as an Emergent Behavior of Active Design Agents | 10.1145/238386.238566 | This research has been motivated by the lack of models and languages in the visual design field that are able to address design solutions, which continuously adapt in response to the dynamic changes both in the information itself and in the goals or intentions of the information recipient. This paper postulates a muhiagent model of dynamic design--a theoretical framework of design that provides a model with which the visual designer can think during the course of designing. The model employs a decentralized model of design as a premise, and borrows its conceptual model from the improvisational performance, such as dance and music, and bases its theoretical and technical framework on the field of multiagent systems. A design solution is considered an emergent behavior of a collection of active design agents, or performers, each of which is responsible for presenting a particular segment of information. The graphical behaviors of design agents are described by their dynamic activities--rather than by the traditional method of fixed attributes. The model is illustrated with two design projects, Dynamic News Display System and E-Mail Display, both of which were implemented using a multiagent design simulation system, perform, along with an agent description language, persona. | false | false | [
"Suguru Ishizaki"
] | [] | [] | [] |
CHI | 1,996 | Silk from a Sow's Ear: Extracting Usable Structures from the Web | 10.1145/238386.238450 | In its current implementation, the World-Wide Web lacks much of the explicit structure and strong typing found in many closed hypertext systems. While this property probably relates to the explosive acceptance of the Web, it further complicates the already difficult problem of identifying usable structures and aggregates in large hypertext collections. These reduced structures, or localities, form the basis for simplifying visualizations of and navigation through complex hypertext systems. Much of the previous research into identifying aggregates utilize graph theoretic algorithms based upon structural topology, i.e., the linkages between items. Other research has focused on content analysis to form document collections. This paper presents our exploration into techniques that utilize both the topology and textual similarity between items as well as usage data collected by servers and page meta-information lke title and size. Linear equations and spreading activation models are employed to arrange Web pages based upon functional categories, node types, and relevancy. | false | false | [
"Peter Pirolli",
"James E. Pitkow",
"Ramana Rao"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,995 | 3D computational steering with parametrized geometric objects | 10.1109/VISUAL.1995.485143 | Computational steering is the ultimate goal of interactive simulation: researchers change parameters of their simulation and immediately receive feedback on the effect. We present a general and flexible graphics tool that is part of an environment for computational steering developed at CWI. It enables the researcher to interactively develop his own interface with the simulation. This interface is constructed with 3D parametrized geometric objects. The properties of the objects are parametrized to output data and input parameters of the simulation. The objects visualize the output of the simulation, while the researcher can steer the simulation by direct manipulation of the objects. Several applications of 3D computational steering are presented. | false | false | [
"Jurriaan D. Mulder",
"Jarke J. van Wijk"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,995 | A hardware acceleration method for volumetric ray tracing | 10.1109/VISUAL.1995.480792 | We present an acceleration method for volumetric ray tracing which utilizes standard graphics hardware without compromising image accuracy. The graphics hardware is employed to identify those segments of each ray that could possibly contribute to the final image. A volumetric ray tracing algorithm is then used to compute the final image, traversing only the identified segments of the rays. This technique can be used to render volumetric isosurfaces as well as translucent volumes. In addition, this method can accelerate the traversal of shadow rays when performing recursive ray tracing. | false | false | [
"Lisa M. Sobierajski",
"Ricardo S. Avila"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,995 | A model and a system for data-parallel program visualization | 10.1109/VISUAL.1995.480816 | Parallel program visualization and debugging require new techniques for gathering and displaying execution trace and profile data. Interaction with the program during execution is also required to facilitate parallel debugging. We discuss the difficulties associated with runtime user/program interaction and how the data-parallel programming paradigm facilitates much more liberal runtime interaction than typical MIMD-based models. We present a model for data-parallel program visualization that addresses both data collection/interaction and visualization issues. We follow our model presentation with the design and implementation of a subset of our visualization model. We discuss our preliminary findings and propose future research directions. | false | false | [
"Thomas A. Wagner",
"R. Daniel Bergeron"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,995 | A rule-based tool for assisting colormap selection | 10.1109/VISUAL.1995.480803 | The paper presents an interactive approach for guiding the user's select of colormaps in visualization. PRAVDAColor, implemented as a module in the IBM Visualization Data Explorer, provides the user a selection of appropriate colormaps given the data type and spatial frequency, the user's task, and properties of the human perceptual system. | false | false | [
"Lawrence D. Bergman",
"Bernice E. Rogowitz",
"Lloyd Treinish"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,995 | A visualization tool for studying the development of the moss Physcomitrella patens | 10.1109/VISUAL.1995.485153 | The investigation of mechanisms responsible for the morphogenesis of complex biological organisms is an important area in biology. P. patens is an especially suitable plant for this research because it is a rather simple organism, facilitating its observation, yet it possesses developmental phenomena analogous to those which occur in higher plants, allowing the extrapolation of hypotheses to more complex organisms. The visualization consists of three components: biological data collection, computer-modelling (using L-systems), and model verification. The simulated developmental process is quite realistic and provides an excellent means for verifying the underlying hypotheses of morphogenesis. | false | false | [
"F. David Fracchia",
"Neil W. Ashton"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,995 | An architecture for retaining and analyzing visual explorations of databases | 10.1109/VISUAL.1995.480801 | A software architecture is presented to integrate a database management system with data visualization. One of its primary objectives, the retention of user-data interactions, is detailed. By storing all queries over the data along with high-level descriptions of the query results and the associated visualization, the processes by which a database is explored can be analyzed. This approach can lead to important contributions in the development of user models as "data explorers", metadata models for scientific databases, intelligent assistants and data exploration services. We describe the underlying elements of this approach, specifically the visual database exploration model and the metadata objects that support the model. | false | false | [
"John Peter Lee",
"Georges G. Grinstein"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,995 | An extended data-flow architecture for data analysis and visualization | 10.1109/VISUAL.1995.480821 | Modular visualization environments utilizing a data-flow execution model have become quite popular in recent years, especially those that incorporate visual programming tools. However, simplistic implementations of such an execution model are quite limited when applied to problems of realistic complexity, which negate the intuitive advantage of data-flow systems. This situation can be resolved by extending the execution model to incorporate a more complete and efficient programming infrastructure while still preserving the virtues of pure "data-flow". This approach has been used for the implementation of a general-purpose software package, IBM Visualization Data Explorer. | false | false | [
"Greg Abram",
"Lloyd Treinish"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,995 | An illustrated analysis of sonification for scientific visualisation | 10.1109/VISUAL.1995.480802 | This paper presents an analysis of progress in the use of sound as a tool in support of visualisation and gives an insight into its development and future needs. Special emphasis is given to the use of sound in scientific and engineering applications. A system developed to support surface data presentation and interaction by using sound is presented and discussed. | false | false | [
"Rosane Minghim",
"A. Robin Forrest"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,995 | Astronomers and their shady algorithms | 10.1109/VISUAL.1995.485155 | The vast quantities of data which may be produced by modern radio telescopes have outstripped conventional visualisation techniques available to astronomers. While research in other areas of visualisation finds some application in astronomy, problems peculiar to the field require new techniques. This paper presents a brief overview of some of the problems of visualisation for astronomy and compares different shading algorithms. A more comprehensive overview may be found in Norris (1994) and Gooch (1995). | false | false | [
"Richard Gooch"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,995 | Authenticity analysis of wavelet approximations in visualization | 10.1109/VISUAL.1995.480811 | Wavelet transforms include data decompositions and reconstructions. This paper is concerned with the authenticity issues of the data decomposition, particularly for data visualization. A total of six datasets are used to clarify the approximation characteristics of compactly supported orthogonal wavelets. We present an error tracking mechanism, which uses the available wavelet resources to measure the quality of the wavelet approximations. | false | false | [
"Pak Chung Wong",
"R. Daniel Bergeron"
] | [] | [] | [] |
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