Conference stringclasses 6 values | Year int64 1.99k 2.03k | Title stringlengths 8 187 | DOI stringlengths 16 32 | Abstract stringlengths 128 7.15k ⌀ | Accessible bool 2 classes | Early bool 2 classes | AuthorNames-Deduped listlengths 1 24 | Award listlengths 0 2 | Resources listlengths 0 5 | ResourceLinks listlengths 0 10 |
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CHI | 1,993 | IMPACT (abstract): interactive motion picture authoring system for creative talent | 10.1145/169059.169518 | INTRODUCTION We are developing a multimedia authoring system, called IMPACT [1]. It is not easy for non-professionaf users to get good quality motion pictures and to edit them, for instance, in order to create multimedia presentations that express their concepts. To make this kind of tasks feasible for everyone, image-recognition technology is applied. Visualization of the structure of motion pictures is also very important [2]. A couple of visualization technique are developed for time axis editing. | false | false | [
"Hirotada Ueda",
"Takafumi Miyatake",
"Satoshi Yoshizawa"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,992 | A 3-D streamline tracking algorithm using dual stream functions | 10.1109/VISUAL.1992.235225 | A methodology has been developed for constructing streamlines and particle paths in numerically generated fluid velocity fields. A graphical technique is used to convert the discretely defined flow within a cell into one represented by two three-dimensional stream functions. Streamlines are calculated by tracking constant values of each stream function, a process which corresponds to finding the intersection of two stream surfaces. The tracking process is mass conservative and does not use a time stepping method for integration, thus eliminating a computationally intensive part of traditional tracking algorithms. The method can be applied generally to any three-dimensional compressible or incompressible steady flow. Results presented compare the performance of the new method to the most commonly used scheme and show that calculation times can be reduced by an order of magnitude.<<ETX>> | false | false | [
"David N. Kenwright",
"Gordon D. Mallison"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,992 | A characterization of the scientific data analysis process | 10.1109/VISUAL.1992.235203 | It is shown how data visualization fits into the broader process of scientific data analysis. Scientists from several disciplines were observed while they analyzed their own data. Examination of the observations exposed process elements outside conventional image viewing. For example, analysts queried for quantitative information, made a variety of comparisons, applied math, managed data, and kept records. The characterization of scientific data analysis reveals activity beyond that traditionally supported by computer. It offers an understanding which has the potential to be applied to many future designs, and suggests specific recommendations for improving the support of this important aspect of scientific computing.<<ETX>> | false | false | [
"R. R. Springmeyer",
"Meera Blattner",
"Nelson L. Max"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,992 | A scientific visualization renderer | 10.1109/VISUAL.1992.235204 | While scientific visualization systems share many requirements with other graphical applications, they also have special requirements that make solutions based on standard rendering hardware or software not entirely satisfactory. Those requirements are illustrated by describing the renderer used in a production scientific visualization system, Data Explorer. The requirements for a visualization renderer are discussed. Implementation techniques used to meet the requirements of parallelism, volume rendering of irregular data, clipping, and integration of rendering modalities are described. The renderer described is a software renderer, but it is hoped that the requirements and implementation presented might influence the design of future generations of rendering hardware.<<ETX>> | false | false | [
"Bruce Lucas"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,992 | A voxel-based, forward projection algorithm for rendering surface and volumetric data | 10.1109/VISUAL.1992.235190 | A voxel-based, forward projection algorithm with a pipeline architecture for real-time applications is presented. The multisensor capabilities (electrooptical, or visual, and infrared) currently implemented in software have also been applied to non-real-time imaging applications on workstations and minicomputers. Most suited for terrain-based applications, the system features haze, imbedded targets, moving objects, smooth shading, and specular reflections.<<ETX>> | false | false | [
"John R. Wright",
"Julia C. Hsieh"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,992 | An architecture for a scientific visualization system | 10.1109/VISUAL.1992.235219 | The architecture of the Data Explorer, a scientific visualization system, is described. Data Explorer supports the visualization of a wide variety of data by means of a flexible set of visualization modules. A single powerful data model common to all modules allows a wide range of data types to be imported and passed between modules. There is integral support for parallelism, affecting the data model and the execution model. The visualization modules are highly interoperable, due in part to the common data model, and exemplified by the renderer. An execution model facilitates parallelization of modules and incorporates optimizations such as caching. The two-process client-server system structure consists of a user interface that communicates with an executive via a dataflow language.<<ETX>> | false | false | [
"Bruce Lucas",
"G. D. Abrams",
"Nancy S. Collins",
"D. A. Epstien",
"Donna L. Gresh",
"Kevin P. McAuliffe"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,992 | An efficient range search algorithm for visualizing extrema of volume data | 10.1109/VISUAL.1992.235216 | A fast range search algorithm for visualizing extrema of d-dimensional volume data in real time as the user interactively moves the query range is presented. The algorithm is based on an efficient data structure, called index heap, which needs only O(N/log N) space and O(d2/sup d/N) preprocessing time to be set up, where N is the size of the d-dimensional data volume. The algorithm can answer an extremum query in O(4/sup d/) expected time, and its worst-case time complexity is O(2/sup d/ log N) per query. For dimensions two and three, the range search for extrema is effected in average O(1) time per query independently of the size of query range. Unlike previous range query algorithms in the computational geometry literature, the proposed algorithm is very simple and can be easily implemented.<<ETX>> | false | false | [
"Xiaolin Wu",
"Yonggang Fang"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,992 | Anatomical atlases based on volume visualization | 10.1109/VISUAL.1992.235218 | A framework for the generation of atlases of the human body based on the linkage of volume data to a knowledge base is presented. The model has a two layer structure. The lower level is a volume model with a set of semantic attributes belonging to each voxel. Its spatial representation is derived from data sets of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computer tomography. The semantic attributes are assigned by an anatomist using a volume editor. The upper level is a set of relations between these attributes which are also specified by the expert. Interactive visualization tools, such as multiple surface display, transparent rendering, and cutting, are provided. It is shown that the combination of this object-oriented data structure with advanced volume visualization tools provides the look and feel of a real dissection.<<ETX>> | false | false | [
"Karl Heinz Höhne",
"Andreas Pommert",
"Martin Riemer",
"Thomas Schiemann",
"Rainer Schubert",
"Ulf Tiede",
"Werner Lierse"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,992 | Approximation and rendering of volume data using wavelet transforms | 10.1109/VISUAL.1992.235230 | A method is presented to obtain a unique shape description of an object by using wavelet transforms. Wavelet transform is a signal analysis technique which decomposes a signal using a family of functions having a local property in both time and frequency domains. A multiresolution expression of 3D volume data was first obtained by applying 3D orthogonal wavelet transforms, with the shape then being approximated with a relatively small number of 3D orthogonal functions using only the significant functions. In addition, the resolution of the approximation can be varied point by point using the local property of the wavelets. The method is applied to real volume data, i.e. facial range data and MR images of a human head, and typical results are shown.<<ETX>> | false | false | [
"Shigeru Muraki"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,992 | Automated design of virtual worlds for visualizing multivariate relations | 10.1109/VISUAL.1992.235197 | Interactive visualization systems provide a powerful means to explore complex data, especially when coupled with 3-D interaction and display devices to produce virtual worlds. While designing a quality static 2-D visualization is already a difficult task for most users, designing an interactive 3-D one is even more challenging. To address this problem, AutoVisual, a research system that designs interactive virtual worlds for visualizing and exploring multivariate relations of arbitrary arity, is being developed. AutoVisual uses worlds within worlds, an interactive visualization technique that exploits nested, heterogeneous coordinate systems to map multiple variables onto each spatial dimension. AutoVisual's designs are guided by user-specified visualization tasks, and by a catalog of design principles encoded using a rule-based language.<<ETX>> | false | false | [
"Clifford Beshers",
"Steven K. Feiner"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,992 | Case study: visualizing classical problems in CFD | 10.1109/VISUAL.1992.235174 | A brief example of the visualization and quantification of a complex fluid interaction is presented in order to give one a feeling for the difficulty of dealing with geometrical and topological questions in three dimensions and time. To obtain a quantitative understanding, visiometric techniques, including thresholding, object isolation, ellipsoid fitting, abstraction, vector field line generation and data juxtaposition, were used.<<ETX>> | false | false | [
"Norman J. Zabusky",
"Deborah Silver"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,992 | Color, change, and control of quantitative data display | 10.1109/VISUAL.1992.235201 | Calico, a dynamic tool for the creation and manipulation of color mappings for the exploration of multivariate, quantitative data, was used to study the effects of user control and smooth change on user preference, accuracy, and confidence. The results of the study, as well as other user experiences with Calico, support the hypothesis that dynamic manipulation of color mappings is a useful feature of systems for the exploration of quantitative data using color. The main effect observed is a clear user preference for representations providing control over the mapping, a small but significant increase in accuracy, and greater confidence in information gleaned from manipulable displays. A smaller and less consistent effect showed greater user preference for an confidence in representations which provided smooth change between images.<<ETX>> | false | false | [
"Penny Rheingans"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,992 | Constructing stream surfaces in steady 3D vector fields | 10.1109/VISUAL.1992.235211 | Maintenance of a front of particles, an efficient method of generating a set of sample points over a two-dimensional stream surface, is described. The particles are repeatedly advanced a short distance through the flow field. New polygons are appended to the downstream edge of the surface. The spacing of the particles is adjusted to maintain an adequate sampling across the width of the growing surface. Curve and ribbon methods of vector field visualization are reviewed.<<ETX>> | false | false | [
"Jeff P. Hultquist"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,992 | Direct volumetric visualization | 10.1109/VISUAL.1992.235220 | The need for direct volume visualization display devices is discussed, as well as some specifics of the Texas Instruments OmniView technology. The topics discussed include the concept of operations, the rotating surface, the display volume, the transport theory model, the image quality in the display, and applications. The outlook for future volumetric displays is addressed.<<ETX>> | false | false | [
"R. D. Williams",
"Fred L. Wefer",
"Tip E. Clifton III"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,992 | Display of scientific data structures for algorithm visualization | 10.1109/VISUAL.1992.235215 | A technique for defining graphical depictions for all the data types defined in an algorithm is presented. The ability to display arbitrary combinations of an algorithm's data objects in a common frame of reference, coupled with interactive control of algorithm execution, provides a powerful way to understand algorithm behavior. Type definitions are constrained so that all primitive values occurring in data objects are assigned scalar types. A graphical display, including user interaction with the display, is modeled by a special data type. Mappings from the scalar types into the display model type provide a simple user interface for controlling how all data types are depicted, without the need for type-specific graphics logic.<<ETX>> | false | false | [
"Bill Hibbard",
"Charles R. Dyer",
"Brian E. Paul"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,992 | Flow visualization as a basic tool to investigate the dynamics and topology of jets | 10.1109/VISUAL.1992.235212 | Issues and difficulties involved in the practical implementation of flow visualization techniques based on a database generated in numerical simulations of unsteady square jets are addressed. Instantaneous visualizations provide basic information on the topological features of the flow, while animation of these visualizations gives an insight into the detailed dynamics of formation, development, and interaction of the coherent structures controlling the entrainment and mixing processes.<<ETX>> | false | false | [
"Fernando Grinstein",
"Upul Obeysekare",
"Gopal Patnaik"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,992 | Four-dimensional views of 3D scalar fields | 10.1109/VISUAL.1992.235222 | Scalar functions of three variables, w=f(x, y, z), are common in many types of scientific and medical applications. Such 3D scalar fields can be understood as elevation maps in four dimensions, with three independent variables (x, y, z) and a fourth, dependent, variable w that corresponds to the elevations. It is shown how techniques developed originally for the display of 3-manifolds in 4D Euclidean space can be adapted to visualize 3D scalar fields in a variety of ways.<<ETX>> | false | false | [
"Andrew J. Hanson",
"Pheng-Ann Heng"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,992 | Generalized focal surfaces: a new method for surface interrogation | 10.1109/VISUAL.1992.235224 | The generation of smooth surfaces from a mesh of three-dimensional data points is an important problem in geometric modeling. Apart from the pure construction of these curves and surfaces, the analysis of their quality is equally important in the design and manufacturing process. Generalized focal surfaces are presented as a new surface interrogation tool.<<ETX>> | false | false | [
"Hans Hagen",
"Stefanie Hahmann"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,992 | Grand challenge problems in visualization software | 10.1109/VISUAL.1992.235186 | Discusses issues relating to the complexity of scientific visualization software system implementation. It is argued that the complexity of current implementations of such systems may limit the utility for users because the interfaces typically require significant knowledge of the data being studied and the applicable visualization algorithms, as well as its infrastructure of graphics, imaging and data handling technology. The issues, unknowns, and possible solutions associated with building effective scientific visualization software are discussed.<<ETX>> | false | false | [
"Lloyd A. Treinish",
"David M. Butler",
"Hikmet Senay",
"Georges G. Grinstein",
"Steve T. Bryson"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,992 | Improving the visualization of hierarchies with treemaps: design issues and experimentation | 10.1109/VISUAL.1992.235217 | Controlled experiments with novice treemap users and real data highlight the strengths of treemaps and provide direction for improvement. Issues discussed include experimental results, layout algorithms, nesting offsets, labeling, animation, and small multiple displays. Treemaps prove to be a potent tool for hierarchy display. The principles discussed are applicable to many information visualization situations.<<ETX>> | false | false | [
"David Turo",
"B. Johnson"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,992 | Improving visualization: theoretical and empirical foundations | 10.1109/VISUAL.1992.235185 | Discusses the ways in which the understanding of visual perception could help improve the scientific visualization process. It is argued that as long as there is a human interface link to computer visualization systems, understanding how humans perceive information visually could help improve the quality and the effectiveness of the visualization process. The fields of visual physiology, psychophysics, and cognitive psychology can explain why human vision is so efficient, how to create better images, and how to determine the limitations of particular representations.<<ETX>> | false | false | [
"Stephen M. Kosslyn",
"Nahum D. Gershon",
"Haim Levkowitz",
"Justin D. Pearlman"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,992 | Interactive splatting of nonrectilinear volumes | 10.1109/VISUAL.1992.235228 | Various techniques are described for achieving interactive direct volume rendering of nonrectilinear data sets using fast projection (splatting) methods. The use of graphics hardware, rendering approximations, parallelization and reduced resolution meshes are discussed. Results from the use of these techniques are presented in the form of color photos and comparative timings.<<ETX>> | false | false | [
"Peter L. Williams"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,992 | Interactive terrain rendering and volume visualization on the Princeton Engine | 10.1109/VISUAL.1992.235189 | The implementation of truly interactive volume visualization and terrain rendering algorithms on the Princeton Engine (PE) video supercomputer is described. The PE is a single-instruction multiple-data (SIMD) computer. Since it was originally developed as a real-time digital television system simulator, it possesses many of the attributes necessary for interactive visualization: high-resolution displays, high-bandwidth I/O, supercomputer class computational performance, and a local memory array large enough to store multiple Landsat scenes and data volumes. It is shown that it is possible to generate truly interactive terrain rendering and volume visualization by computing images in real-time, at multiple frames/second.<<ETX>> | false | false | [
"James T. Kaba",
"James R. Matey",
"Gordon Stoll",
"Herb Taylor",
"Pat Hanrahan"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,992 | Interactive visualization of large scalar voxel fields | 10.1109/VISUAL.1992.235229 | A technique is given allowing interactive visualization of large, scalar, discrete volume fields as semitransparent clouds 'on the fly', i.e. without preprocessing. Interactivity is not restricted to geometric transformations, but includes all possible methods of processing the data. The system flexibly trades-off quality for performance at any desirable level. In particular, by using a scanline based method and a DDA-based traversing scheme instead of ray-tracing one achieves real-time processing during previewing. By means of the 'pyramidal volume' traversing technique, one achieves high-quality, constant-time filtering, independent of the data resolution. Several filters help to detect 'fuzzy', obscured hot spots, even within noisy data. The visualization pipeline allows the application of filters at four different stages, maximizing their flexibility. Four different illumination models have been implemented.<<ETX>> | false | false | [
"Georgios Sakas",
"J. Hartig"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,992 | Logical time in visualizations produced by parallel programs | 10.1109/VISUAL.1992.235209 | Techniques that manipulate logical time in order to produce coherent animations of parallel program behavior despite the presence of asynchrony are presented. The techniques interpret program behavior in light of user-defined abstractions and generate animations based on a logical, rather than a physical, view of time. If this interpretation succeeds, the resulting animation is easily understood. If it fails, the programmer can be assured that the failure was not an artifact of the visualization. It is shown that these techniques can be generally applied to enhance visualizations of a variety of types of data as they are produced by parallel, MIMD (multiple instruction stream, multiple data stream) computations.<<ETX>> | false | false | [
"Janice E. Cuny",
"Alfred Hough",
"Joydip Kunda"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,992 | Massively parallel isosurface extraction | 10.1109/VISUAL.1992.235223 | Experiences during the investigation of parallel methods for faster isosurface generation on SIMD (single instruction stream, multiple data stream) machines are described. A sequential version of a well-known isosurfacing algorithm is algorithmically enhanced for a particular type of SIMD architecture. The SIMD implementation takes full advantage of the data parallel nature of the algorithm, and experiments have proven the implementation to be highly scalable. A parallel tool, which can generate 170 K polygons/s, gives scientists the means to explore large 3D scalar or vector fields interactively.<<ETX>> | false | false | [
"Charles D. Hansen",
"Paul A. Hinker"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,992 | Network video device control | 10.1109/VISUAL.1992.235195 | Work in progress at the San Diego Supercomputer Center (SDSC) involving the implementation of network clients and servers to provide networkwide access to video devices is described. Applications anywhere on the net can manage record and playback operations, change video signal routing, or adjust scan converter parameters. Details of network communications, protocols, and device-specific control quirks are invisible to the user, making the video equipment a true network resource.<<ETX>> | false | false | [
"David R. Nadeau",
"Michael J. Bailey"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,992 | Object-oriented, dataflow visualization system-a paradigm shift? | 10.1109/VISUAL.1992.235182 | Discusses the breadth and the effectiveness of application visualization systems (AVSs). The current and future research areas involving AVSs, drawbacks and limitations of certain application areas, possible improvements to AVSs, and alternative analysis and visualization approaches are discussed.<<ETX>> | false | false | [
"William Ribarsky",
"Bob Brown",
"Terry Myerson",
"Richard Feldmann",
"Stuart Smith",
"Lloyd Treinish"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,992 | Optimizing triangulations by curvature equalization | 10.1109/VISUAL.1992.235191 | An algorithm that attempts to improve a triangulation by shifting the vertices so that curvature within the triangles is nearly equal is presented. Unnecessary triangles are removed. The method is an effective way of guaranteeing that the triangle vertices are points of higher curvature, and that the triangle edges correspond to distinctive edges on the surfaces. Triangulations of surfaces with constant curvature-and hence no distinctive features-will gain nothing from this or any other optimization algorithm. As demonstrated by the results, the techinque of moving triangle vertices can improve some triangulation models. Greatest improvements occur with surfaces characterized by sharp edges, such as the pyramid and ridge models. Less improvement occurs on models that already approximate the surface topology and/or have less distinctive features.<<ETX>> | false | false | [
"Lori L. Scarlatos",
"Theodosios Pavlidis"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,992 | Real virtual environment applications-now | 10.1109/VISUAL.1992.235184 | Discusses efforts to develop virtual environment (VE) systems. The applications discussed are medical telesurgery, maintenance access, presence simulators, accounting visualizations, topographic visualizations and tools to assist developers in determining the value added of potential VE-based solutions.<<ETX>> | false | false | [
"Paul T. Breen",
"Georges G. Grinstein",
"David W. Mizell",
"Richard M. Satava",
"Bradford Smith",
"Michael M. Stephens",
"David Zeltzer"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,992 | Rendering surface-particles | 10.1109/VISUAL.1992.235226 | Surface-particles are very small facets, modeled as points with a normal. They can be used to visualize flow in several ways by variation of the properties of the particle sources. A method is presented for the rendering of surface-particles. This method includes an improved shading model, the use of Gaussian filters for the prevention of spatial and temporal artifacts, an efficient scan-conversion algorithm, the handling of occlusion and the simultaneous rendering of geometric objects and surface-particles. The synthesis of images with limited depth of field is described, which literally allows the scientist to focus on areas of interest.<<ETX>> | false | false | [
"Jarke J. van Wijk"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,992 | Representing medical images with partitioning trees | 10.1109/VISUAL.1992.235214 | The binary space partitioning tree is a method of converting a discrete space representation to a particular continuous space representation. The conversion is accomplished using standard discrete space operators developed for edge detection, followed by a Hough transform to generate candidate hyperplanes that are used to construct the partitioning tree. The result is a segmented and compressed image represented in continuous space suitable for elementary computer vision operations and improved image transmission/storage. Examples of 256*256 medical images for which the compression is estimated to range between 1 and 0.5 b/pixel are given.<<ETX>> | false | false | [
"Kalpathi R. Subramanian",
"Bruce F. Naylor"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,992 | SuperGlue: a programming environment for scientific visualization | 10.1109/VISUAL.1992.235202 | It is suggested that many existing platforms over emphasize ease-of-use and do not adequately address issues of extensibility. A visualization testbed, called SuperGlue, which is particularly suited for the rapid development of new visualization methods, was built. An interpreter supports rapid development of new code, and an extensive class hierarchy encourages code reuse. By explicitly designing for ease of programming, it was possible to produce a visualization system which is powerful, easy to use, and rapidly improving. The motivation of the work, the architecture of the system, and plans for further development are reported.<<ETX>> | false | false | [
"Jeff P. Hultquist",
"E. L. Raible"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,992 | Surface curvature analysis using color | 10.1109/VISUAL.1992.235200 | In the automotive industry, it is highly important that the exterior body panels be esthetically pleasing. One aspect of creating esthetically pleasing surfaces is to require that they be fair. A system that has proven useful for diagnosis of surface fairness problems is presented. How to choose a set of colors with perceptually uniform spacing is described, and the usefulness of a logarithmic scale for relating curvature to colors is shown.<<ETX>> | false | false | [
"L. R. Seidenberg",
"Robert B. Jerard",
"J. Megewick"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,992 | Techniques for managing very large scientific databases | 10.1109/VISUAL.1992.235187 | Discusses issues relating to the state of the art in scientific data management. Management of scientific data sets or databases is reviewed. The generic science requirements, as well as a case example that drives the underlying data management system architecture are explored, showing current technology limitations. A concept of intelligent information fusion with sufficient detail on how to integrate advanced technologies to enhance scientific production, is presented. Emphasis is on user interfaces, spatial data structure, uses of neural networks for extracting information from scientific imagery, uses of object-oriented database management systems, animation, and visualization techniques.<<ETX>> | false | false | [
"William J. Campbell",
"George Fekete",
"Robert F. Cromp",
"Ray Wall",
"Michael Goldberg"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,992 | The microscopist's workstation | 10.1109/VISUAL.1992.235177 | Issues involved in operating a sophisticated scientific instrument as a computer peripheral accessible over a high-speed network are studied. A custom interactive visualization application was constructed to support investigation using a unique computer-controlled high-voltage electron microscope. The researcher's workstation forms the visible third of a triumvirate, along with the instrument and the compute resource. The software was designed to support not only image acquisition, but also many of the tasks that microscope researchers perform in analyzing images. The result of this case study is the identification of some of the issues regarding interacting with scientific instrumentation over high-speed networks and the construction of custom applications to support many of the tasks within a laboratory's research methodology.<<ETX>> | false | false | [
"Philip J. Mercurio",
"T. Todd Elvins",
"Stephen J. Young"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,992 | The state of the art of visual languages for visualization | 10.1109/VISUAL.1992.235207 | Data flow visual language systems are being used to provide sophisticated environments for the visualization of scientific data. These systems are evolving rapidly and are beginning to encompass related technologies such as distributed computing and user interface development systems. A hierarchical classification of the components and issues involved is presented, giving an understanding of the design decisions and trade-offs that the developers of these systems are making. The component categories can be used as a framework for discussing where interoperability of competing visual programming environments might occur and what the future holds for these systems.<<ETX>> | false | false | [
"Carla S. Williams",
"John Rasure",
"C. Hansen"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,992 | Towards a comprehensive volume visualization system | 10.1109/VISUAL.1992.235231 | The VolVis system has been developed to satisfy the diverse requirements of the volume visualization community by comfortably housing numerous visualization algorithms and methods within a consistent and well organized framework. The VolVis system is supported by a generalized abstract model which provides for both geometric and volumetric constructs. VolVis contains several rendering algorithms that span the speed versus accuracy continuum. A fast volume rendering algorithm has been developed, which is capable of exploiting existing graphics hardware without placing any viewing restrictions or compromising accuracy. In addition, VolVis includes a volumetric navigation facility, key-frame animation generator, quantitative analysis tools, and a generalized protocol for communicating with 3D input devices.<<ETX>> | false | false | [
"Ricardo S. Avila",
"Lisa M. Sobierajski",
"Arie E. Kaufman"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,992 | Virtual Smoke: an interactive 3D flow visualization technique | 10.1109/VISUAL.1992.235227 | A technique is given for computer visualization of simultaneous three-dimensional vector and scalar fields such as velocity and temperature in reacting fluid flow fields. The technique, which is called Virtual Smoke, simulates the use of colored smoke for experimental gaseous fluid flow visualization. However, it is noninvasive and can animate, in particular, the dynamic behaviors of steady-state or instantaneous flow fields obtained from numerical simulations. Virtual Smoke is based on volume seeds and volume seedlings, which are direct volume visualization methods previously developed for highly interactive scalar volume data exploration. Data from combustion simulations are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of Virtual Smoke.<<ETX>> | false | false | [
"Kwan-Liu Ma",
"Philip J. Smith"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,992 | Virtual spacetime: an environment for the visualization of curved spacetimes via geodesic flows | 10.1109/VISUAL.1992.235196 | An implementation of a virtual environment for visualizing the geometry of curved spacetime by the display of interactive geodesics is described. This technique displays the paths of particles under the influence of gravity as described by the general theory of relativity and is useful in the investigation of solutions to the field equations of that theory. A boom-mounted six-degree-of-freedom head-position-sensitive stereo CRT system is used for display. A hand-position-sensitive glove controller is used to control the initial positions and directions of geodesics in spacetime. A multiprocessor graphics workstation is used for computation and rendering. Several techniques for visualizing the geometry of spacetime using geodesics are discussed. Although this work is described exclusively in the context of physical four-dimensional spacetimes, it extends to arbitrary geometries in arbitrary dimensions. While this work is intended for researchers, it is also useful for the teaching of general relativity.<<ETX>> | false | false | [
"Steve Bryson"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,992 | VISAGE: an object-oriented scientific visualization system | 10.1109/VISUAL.1992.235205 | VISAGE, a scientific visualization system implemented in an object-oriented, message passing environment, is described. The system includes over 500 classes ranging from visualization and graphics to Xlib and Motif user interface. Objects are created using compiled C and interact through an interpreted scripting language. The result is a flexible yet efficient system that has found wide application. The object architecture, the major issues faced when designing the visualization classes, and sample applications are also described.<<ETX>> | false | false | [
"William J. Schroeder",
"William E. Lorensen",
"G. D. Montanaro",
"Christopher R. Volpe"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,992 | Visual query specification in a multimedia database system | 10.1109/VISUAL.1992.235208 | A visual interface for a multimedia database management system (MDBMS) is described. DBMS query languages are linear in syntax. Although natural language interfaces have been found to be useful, natural language is ambiguous and difficult to process. For queries on standard (relational) data, these difficulties can be avoided with the use of a visual, graphical interface to guide the user in specifying the query. For image and other media data which are ambiguous in nature, natural language processing, combined with direct graphical access to the domain knowledge, is used to interpret and evaluate the natural language query. The system fully supports graphical and image input/output in different formats. The combination of visual effect and natural language specification, the support of media data, and the allowance of incremental query specification simplify the process of query specification not only for image or multimedia databases but also for all databases.<<ETX>> | false | false | [
"Daniel A. Keim",
"Vincent Y. Lum"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,992 | Visualization for the document space | 10.1109/VISUAL.1992.235198 | An information retrieval frame work that promotes graphical displays, and that will make documents in the computer visualizable to the searcher, is described. As examples of such graphical displays, two simulation results of using a Kohonen feature map to generate map displays for information retrieval are presented and discussed. The map displays are a mapping from a high-dimensional document space to a two-dimensional space. They show document relationships by various visual cues, such as dots, links, clusters, and areas, as well as their measurement and spatial arrangement. Using the map displays as an interface for document retrieval systems, the user is provided with richer visual information to support browsing and searching.<<ETX>> | false | false | [
"X. Lin"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,992 | Visualization in anthropology: reconstruction of human fossils from multiple pieces | 10.1109/VISUAL.1992.235179 | A new way of reconstructing human fossils from fragmentary fossil material is described. Unlike the traditional method of making physical models using clay, this new approach is based on geometrical modeling and visualization of digitized fossil data. It can provide anthropologists with both quantifiable, computer-based geometric models and physical plastic reconstructions of fossils.<<ETX>> | false | false | [
"Alan D. Kalvin",
"David Dean",
"Jean-Jaques Hublin",
"M. Braun"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,992 | Visualization in the neurosciences: utility in research, teaching, and clinical practice | 10.1109/VISUAL.1992.235183 | Discusses the uses of visualization in the field of neuroscience is reported. The applications discussed are image analysis for basic neurobiological problems, image analysis from basic to applied neurobiological problems, management of images and graphics from anatomical experiments, and visualization and analysis of multivariate electrophysiological data sets.<<ETX>> | false | false | [
"Stuart A. Tobet",
"Joan C. King",
"Steven L. Wertheim",
"Frank H. Duffy"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,992 | Visualization of cardiac bioelectricity-a case study | 10.1109/VISUAL.1992.235178 | A project in the field of computational electrocardiography which requires visualization of complex, three-dimensional geometry and electric potential and current fields is described. Starting from magnetic resonance images (MRIs) from a healthy subject, a multisurfaced model of the human thorax was constructed and used as the basis for computational studies relating potential distributions measured from the surface of the heart to potentials and currents throughout the volume of the thorax (a form of the forward problem in electrocardiography). Both interactive and batch-mode graphics programs were developed to view, manipulate, and interactively edit the model geometry. Results are presented.<<ETX>> | false | false | [
"Robert S. MacLeod",
"Christopher R. Johnson 0001",
"Michael A. Matheson"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,992 | Visualization of fuzzy data using generalized animation | 10.1109/VISUAL.1992.235199 | Methods are presented for the visualization of fuzzy data based on the sensitivity of the human visual system to motion and dynamic changes, and the ease of which electronic display devices can change their display. The methods include taking an otherwise static image and displaying in an animation loop either its segmented components or a series of blurred versions of the whole image. This approach was applied to sea-surface temperature data and was found to be effective in showing fuzzy details embedded in the data, and in drawing the viewer's attention. This approach and these methods could play a significant role in the display of browse products for massive data and information systems.<<ETX>> | false | false | [
"Nahum D. Gershon"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,992 | Visualization of high resolution, three-dimensional, nonlinear finite element analyses | 10.1109/VISUAL.1992.235192 | A two-pass surface extraction algorithm for adaptive finite-element meshes is presented in the context of a visualization study for a particle impact and a turbine-blade containment problem. The direct use of finite-element data structures for the computation of external surfaces, surface normals, and derived physical qualities is discussed. An overview of the in-betweening which accounts for rigid body dynamics effects is presented, with a brief discussion of a direct-to-videodisk animation strategy.<<ETX>> | false | false | [
"Mark A. Christon",
"T. Spelce"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,992 | Visualization of neutron scattering data using AVS | 10.1109/VISUAL.1992.235180 | This case study is a result of a six-week feasibility exercise, the aim of which was to explore the extend to which existing visualization software can be used for visualizing ISIS neutron scattering data. ISIS is an experimental facility devoted to the use of pulsed neutrons and muons to investigate the microscopic structure and dynamics of all classes of condensed matter. The feasibility study demonstrated the benefits of using visualization in exploring material science data, and also proved that it is possible to satisfy most of the requirements ISIS researchers place on a software environment by using application visualization systems (AVSs), and without writing any new code. The problems encountered and possible solutions are discussed.<<ETX>> | false | false | [
"R. Popovic"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,992 | Visualization of second order tensor fields and matrix data | 10.1109/VISUAL.1992.235193 | The visualization of 3-D second-order tensor fields and matrix data is studied. The general problem of visualizing unsymmetric real or complex Hermitian second-order tensor fields can be reduced to the simultaneous visualization of a real and symmetric second-order tensor field and a real vector field. The emphasis is on exploiting the mathematical properties of tensor fields in order to facilitate their visualization and to produce a continuous representation of the data. The focus is on interactively sensing and exploring real and symmetric second-order tensor data by generalizing the vector notion of streamline to the tensor concept of hyperstreamline. The importance of a structural analysis of the data field analogous to the techniques of vector field topology extraction in order to obtain a unique and objective representation of second-order tensor fields is stressed.<<ETX>> | false | false | [
"Thierry Delmarcelle",
"Lambertus Hesselink"
] | [
"TT",
"BP"
] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,992 | Visualization of simulated airflow in a clean room | 10.1109/VISUAL.1992.235213 | Techniques for visualizing a simulated air flow in a clean room are developed by using an efficient cell traverse of tetrahedral cells generated from irregular volumes. The proposed techniques, probing and stream line display, are related to the measurement techniques used in actual clean rooms. The efficient traverse makes it possible to move freely around a given irregular volume and to spawn off stream lines. A successful application of these techniques to a problem in a clean room is also described.<<ETX>> | false | false | [
"Koji Koyamada"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,992 | Visualization requirements in the atmospheric and environmental sciences (five case study reports) | 10.1109/VISUAL.1992.235175 | Reports from five research centers involved with atmospheric and environmental visualization issues are presented in this case study. Visualization with heterogeneous computer architectures is highlighted in the US EPA Scientific Visualization Center discussion. The NASA Marshall Space Flight Center effort to develop the multidimensional analysis of sensor systems (MASS) environment is presented. Florida State University's building of a new scientific visualization package, Sci An, is reported. This is followed by a discussion of the design and implementation of VIS-AD, an experimental laboratory for developing scientific algorithms, at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. The visualization of global atmospheric data at IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center is highlighted.<<ETX>> | false | false | [
"Theresa-Marie Rhyne",
"Mark Bolstad",
"Penny Rheingans",
"Lynne Petterson",
"Walter Shackelford",
"Mike E. Botts",
"E. Pepke",
"K. W. Johnson",
"Bill Hibbard",
"Charles R. Dyer",
"Brian E. Paul",
"Lloyd Treinish"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,992 | Visualizing a three dimensional hydrodynamic model | 10.1109/VISUAL.1992.235173 | A three-dimensional finite-element hydrodynamic model was constructed to simulate tidal cycles in Galveston Bay over a one-year period in order to view changes in water velocities and salinity. A project undertaken to visualize the simulation results is reported. The project comprised analyzing model requirements and determining suitable visualization techniques, visualizing a preliminary, smaller-scale model to verify the techniques; and visualizing the full-scale model. Problems encountered and resolutions of problems at each stage are described. Validation, as well as insights revealed about the model through the preliminary and final visualization, are discussed. Current application of visualization techniques to the model is reported.<<ETX>> | false | false | [
"C. S. Jones",
"J. A. Baca"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,992 | Visualizing code profiling line oriented statistics | 10.1109/VISUAL.1992.235206 | A visualization technique that makes it possible to display and analyze line count profile data is described. The technique is to make a reduced picture of code with the line execution counts identified with color. Hot spots are shown in red, warm spots in orange, and so on. It is possible to identify nonexecuted code and nonexecutable code such as declarations and static tables.<<ETX>> | false | false | [
"Stephen G. Eick",
"Joseph L. Steffen"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,992 | Visualizing n-dimensional implications of two-dimensional design decisions | 10.1109/VISUAL.1992.235188 | Experiments in visualizing implications of landscape planning and design decisions using a combination of GIS, CAD, and video animation technology are described. Simple grid-cell GIS databases and site-scale polygonal models are used to provide visualizations of site planning design proposals and environmental impact, with both static and animated images. Rather than pursuing photo-realistic simulations, the focus is on how abstractions and representational conventions can be used to gauge visual and environmental effects of proposals for landscape change, in a dynamic interactive computer-aided design environment.<<ETX>> | false | false | [
"Stephen M. Ervin"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,992 | Visualizing seafloor structures with satellite gravity measurements | 10.1109/VISUAL.1992.235176 | The relationship between gravity and topography to study subseafloor structures is discussed. Specifically, analysis of the dynamics of seafloor spreading using satellite altimetry is described. The visualization of satellite altimetry data and the limitations of such applications are presented.<<ETX>> | false | false | [
"J. McLeod",
"C. Small"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,992 | Visualizing the Universe | 10.1109/VISUAL.1992.235181 | A Universe mapping project at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (CfA), called the CfA Redshift Survey, is described. The line-of-sight recession velocities of galaxies are measured by identifying absorption and emission lines in their spectra. With the two angular positions of a galaxy on the sky and a measurement of its red-shift, each galaxy can be placed in a three-dimensional (3-D) map of the Universe. It is shown that visualization techniques are important for exploring and analyzing the data, for comparing the data with models, and for designing the future. Computer animation of the data is a way of bringing the maps before the public.<<ETX>> | false | false | [
"M. J. Geller",
"E. E. Flaco",
"D. G. Fabricant",
"B. Estus"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,992 | Visualizing wind velocities by advecting cloud textures | 10.1109/VISUAL.1992.235210 | In order to visualize both clouds and wind in climate simulations, clouds were rendered using a 3D texture which was advected by the wind flow. The simulation is described. Rendering, the advection of texture coordinates, and haze effects are discussed. Results are presented.<<ETX>> | false | false | [
"Nelson L. Max",
"Roger Crawfis",
"Dean Williams"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,992 | Volume rendering on a distributed memory parallel computer | 10.1109/VISUAL.1992.235221 | A prototype implementation of a splatting volume renderer (SVR) on a commercially available distributed memory MIMD (multiple instruction stream, multiple data stream) parallel processor, the nCUBE2, is described. Some relatively good rendering times can be achieved with the nCUBE SVR. Message-passing bottlenecks occur when large numbers of floating-point values have to be collected from every processor for every picture. For large images this is a severe limitation. An initial implementation of a SVR on a distributed memory parallel computer demonstrates the need for parallel computers with high-bandwidth connections between processors, and also for new parallelizable volume rendering algorithms.<<ETX>> | false | false | [
"T. Todd Elvins"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,992 | Volume warping | 10.1109/VISUAL.1992.235194 | Volume warping, a technique for deforming sampled volumetric data using B-splines that is related to image warping and to the free-form deformations of T.W. Sederberg and S.R. Parry (1986) and S. Coquillart (1990), is presented. The process is accelerated to near-real-time speed, and the compromises that are made to effect such speeds are explained. This technique expands the repertoire of volumetric modeling techniques and can be applied to any form of volumetric data.<<ETX>> | false | false | [
"T. J. True",
"J. F. Hughes"
] | [] | [] | [] |
CHI | 1,992 | An Interface for Interactive Spatial Reasoning and Visualization | 10.1145/142750.142762 | An interface for software that creates a natural environment for engineering graphics students to improve their spatial reasoning and 3D visualization skills is described. The skills of interest involve spatial transformations and rotations, specifically those skills that engineers use to reason about 3D objects based on 2D representations. The software uses an intuitive and interactive interface allowing direct manipulation of objects. Animation capability is provided to demonstrate the relationship between arbitrary positions of an object and standard orthographic views. A second skill of interest requires visualization of a cutting-plane intersection of an object. An interface is developed which allows intuitive positioning of the cutting-plane utilizing the metaphor of a “pool of water” in which the object is partially submerged. The surface of the water represents the cutting plane. Adjustment of the pool depth combined with direct manipulation of the object provides for arbitrary positioning of the cutting-plane. Subjective evaluation of the software thus far indicates that students enjoy using it and find it helpful. A formal testing plan to objectively evaluate the software and interface design is underway. | false | false | [
"James R. Osborn",
"Alice M. Agogino"
] | [] | [] | [] |
CHI | 1,992 | An Introduction to Zeus: Audiovisualization of Some Elementary Sequential and Parallel Sorting Algorithms | 10.1145/142750.143075 | Systems for algorithm animation provide facilities for users to view and interact with an animation of an algorithm, and for programmers to develop such animations. For a user, there are ways to control the data given to an algorithm, the ensemble of active views, and the execution of the algorithm. For a programmer, producing an animation of an algorithm becomes almost as easy as producing a textual trace of it. | false | false | [
"Marc H. Brown"
] | [] | [] | [] |
CHI | 1,992 | Dynamic Queries for Information Exploration: An Implementation and Evaluation | 10.1145/142750.143054 | We designed, implemented and evaluated a new concept for direct manipulation of databases, called dynamic queries, that allows users to formulate queries with graphical widgets, such as sliders. By providing a graphical visualization of the database and search results, users can find trends and exceptions easily. Eighteen undergraduate chemistry students performed statistically significantly faster using a dynamic queries interface compared to two interfaces both providing form fill-in as input method, one with graphical visualization output and one with all-textual output. The interfaces were used to explore the periodic table of elements and search on their properties. | false | false | [
"Christopher Ahlberg",
"Christopher Williamson",
"Ben Shneiderman"
] | [] | [] | [] |
CHI | 1,992 | Human-Computer Interaction Research at Georgia Institute of Technology | 10.1145/142750.142757 | HCI research at Georgia Tech is found in three cooperating groups: the Engineering Psychology and Experimental Psychology Programs in the School of Psychology, the Center for Human-Machine Systems Research in the School of Industrial and Systems Engineering, and the interdisciplinary Graphics, Visualization and Usability (GVU) Center. We cooperate via cross-listed courses, having students in one area take a minor in another area, collaborative research projects, serving on Ph. D. committees, joint colloquia and brown bag lunches, and joint appointments. The GVU Center (housed in the College of Computing) and Cognitive Science Program (sponsored by Psychology, Industrial and Systems Engineering, and the College of Computing) involves a number of the same faculty, further enhancing our collaborations. | false | false | [
"James D. Foley",
"Christine M. Mitchell",
"Neff Walker"
] | [] | [] | [] |
CHI | 1,992 | Multimedia help: a prototype and an experiment | 10.1145/142750.142889 | On-line help systems have not paralleled recent advances in user interface technology. In particular, traditional textual help does not support visualization of the interaction processes needed to complete tasks, especially in graphical interfaces. In this demonstration, we present an experimental prototype which is capable of presenting help information in text, audio, static graphics, video, and context-sensitive animation. The prototype is used in a study on how multimedia technology enhances user performance. | false | false | [
"Piyawadee Noi Sukaviriya",
"Ellen Isaacs",
"Krishna Bharat"
] | [] | [] | [] |
CHI | 1,992 | Pointing and Visualization | 10.1145/142750.143078 | The nature of visualizations and the social uses to which they are put rely heavily on pointing behavior. In the context of a switched telephone network visualization, this tape illustrates novel task-specific pointing facilities. | false | false | [
"William C. Hill",
"James D. Hollan"
] | [] | [] | [] |
CHI | 1,992 | The MidasPlus molecular modeling system | 10.1145/142750.142915 | MidasPlus [6, 7] is an interactive molecular modeling system used to depict three dimensional macromolecular structures such as proteins and nucleic acids, to study how these structures spatially and chemically interact, and to study how small molecules such as drugs bind with these macromolecules, Effective interaction with macromolecular structures presents several challenges: the molecules consist of thousands to tens of thousands of atoms and the scientist user is easily overwhelmed by the sheer volume of data if the displayed information is not limitied and presented in a rational manner. The intellectual process of understanding the structure and function of molecules is linked to visualizing the complex spatial relationships within these structures, and since the user ia only presented images of models, this intellectual process must proceed without being able to physically handle and make experimental “hand driven” modifications of a physical model. Finally, macromolecules are often globular in shape, of course bear no resemblance to macroscopic physical objects in the real world, and hence make it inherently difficult for the human visual system to accurately perceive the complex spatial relationships that are ao crucial to chemical activity. | false | false | [
"Thomas E. Ferrin",
"Conrad C. Huang",
"Gregory S. Couch",
"Eric F. Pettersen",
"Robert Langridge"
] | [] | [] | [] |
CHI | 1,992 | TreeViz: treemap visualization of hierarchically structured information | 10.1145/142750.142833 | Scientific visualization has received a great deal of attention in recent years. There are many reasons for this but chief among them is the simple observation that humans have difficulty extracting meaningful information from large volumes of data. Our increasing ability to produce, disseminate, and collect information has quite naturally led to a demand for tools which aid in the analysis of this information and support our intuition. | false | false | [
"Brian Johnson"
] | [] | [] | [] |
CHI | 1,992 | Value bars: an information visualization and navigation tool for multi-attribute listings | 10.1145/142750.142817 | INTRODUCTION The need for better information visualization and navigation tools is widely recognized [1], [5]. It is difficult to sort and continuously resort tables or listings by more than one attribute and still maintain an understanding of the origin and natural position of items. The concept of “value bars” was created to help users visualize and navigate large information spaces that have characteristics of a lineoriented listing with multiple, quantifiable attributes. In general, value bars are useful for analyzing multi-attxibute listings and tables where a particular sort order should be maintained and analysis of the top percentage of items within each attribute is beneficial, The main features are: “ the ability to see in one view an attribute distribution overview for the “important” items (as defined by attribute values) in a fisheye view [3] variant, ● very small screenspace footprint, ● the ability to see at once many attribute overviews, ● the ability to locate outliers and exceptions, and ● extremely low cognitive load navigation. This work was spawned from the study of a novel way to visualize large tree data structures, called Tree-maps [4]. A more detailed description, discussion, future value bars research, and results of a usability study can be found in [2]. | false | false | [
"Richard Chimera"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,991 | A data model for scientific visualization with provisions for regular and irregular grids | 10.1109/VISUAL.1991.175818 | A mathematical data model for scientific visualization that is based on the mathematics of fiber bundles is presented. Previous results are extended to the case of piecewise field representations (associated with grid-based data representations), and a general mathematical model for piecewise representations of fields on irregular grids is presented. The various types of regularity that can be found in computational grids and techniques for compact field representation based on each form of regularity are discussed. These techniques can be combined to obtain efficient methods for representing fields on grids with various regular or partially regular structures.<<ETX>> | false | false | [
"Robert B. Haber",
"Bruce Lucas",
"Nancy S. Collins"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,991 | A fast ray tracing casting algorithm using adaptive isotriangular subdivision | 10.1109/VISUAL.1991.175806 | The use of ray casting in volume rendering and its uses and advantages over surface rendering algorithms are discussed. Various adaptive algorithms that attempt to overcome its problem of high computational cost by taking advantage of image coherency and the bandlimited nature of volume data are described. A method of subdividing the image plane with isosceles triangles, instead of quadrants as is usually done is proposed. It results in fewer rays being fired without sacrificing image quality. A brief theoretical analysis of the algorithm in comparison with other methods is given.<<ETX>> | false | false | [
"Renben Shu",
"Alan Liu"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,991 | A scientific visualization synthesizer | 10.1109/VISUAL.1991.175811 | Methods for displaying scientific data using textures and raster operations rather than geometric techniques are described. The flexibility and simplicity of raster operations allow a greater choice of visualization techniques with only a small set of basic operations. In addition, texture mapping techniques that allow the representation of several variables simultaneously, without a high degree of clutter, are shown. The combination of traditional geometric techniques, image composition techniques, and image rendering techniques can be integrated into a single framework for the display of scientific data. A system for generating and operating on textures and images for the purposes of scientific visualization is presented. To illustrate its advantage, the development of bump maps for vector filters and contour lines is demonstrated.<<ETX>> | false | false | [
"Roger Crawfis",
"M. J. Allison"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,991 | A tool for visualizing the topology of three-dimensional vector fields | 10.1109/VISUAL.1991.175773 | A description is given of a software system, TOPO, that numerically analyzes and graphically displays topological aspects of a three-dimensional vector field, v, to produce a single, relatively simple picture that characterizes v. The topology of v considered consists of its critical points (where v=0), their invariant manifolds, and the integral curves connecting these invariant manifolds. The field in the neighborhood of each critical point is approximated by the Taylor expansion. The coefficients of the first nonzero term of the Taylor expansion around a critical point are the 3*3 matrix Delta v. Critical points are classified by examining Delta v's eigenvalues. The eigenvectors of Delta v span the invariant manifolds of the linearized field around a critical point. Curves integrated from initial points on the eigenvectors a small distance from a critical point connect with other critical points (or the boundary) to complete the topology. One class of critical surfaces that is important in computational fluid dynamics is analyzed.<<ETX>> | false | false | [
"Al Globus",
"Creon Levit",
"T. Lasinski"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,991 | Achieving direct volume visualization with interactive semantic region selection | 10.1109/VISUAL.1991.175778 | The authors have achieved rates as high as 15 frames per second for interactive direct visualization of 3D data by trading some function for speed, while volume rendering with a full complement of ramp classification capabilities is performed at 1.4 frames per second. These speeds have made the combination of region selection with volume rendering practical for the first time. Semantic-driven selection, rather than geometric clipping, has proved to be a natural means of interacting with 3D data. Internal organs in medical data or other regions of interest can be built from preprocessed region primitives. The resulting combined system has been applied to real 3D medical data with encouraging results.<<ETX>> | false | false | [
"Terry S. Yoo",
"Ulrich Neumann",
"Henry Fuchs",
"Stephen M. Pizer",
"Tim J. Cullip",
"John Rhoades",
"Ross T. Whitaker"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,991 | Acoustic imaging: the reconstruction of underwater objects | 10.1109/VISUAL.1991.175784 | Reconstruction of 3D scenes using data from an acoustic imaging sonar is addressed. The acoustic lens is described, and issues concerning underwater 3D scene reconstruction from the lens data are examined. Two methods for visualizing objects in an acoustic snapshot of the ocean are discussed: mathematical morphology and a synthesis of 3D digital imaging with volume rendering.<<ETX>> | false | false | [
"Lawrence J. Rosenblum",
"Behzad Kamgar-Parsi",
"Edward O. Belcher",
"Ola Engelsen"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,991 | Advanced visualization on desktop workstations | 10.1109/VISUAL.1991.175833 | The author explores some of the primary problems that face designers of hardware and software for visualization who are attempting to create tools that will be used and widely accepted. He describes possible solutions to some of these challenges that have been incorporated into Fieldview, a commercial tool for increasing engineering productivity in computational fluid dynamics (CFD).<<ETX>> | false | false | [
"Steve M. Legensky"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,991 | Applying 3D visualization techniques to finite element analysis | 10.1109/VISUAL.1991.175823 | Addresses 3D visualization techniques now being developed that are specific to coarse, irregular grid fields such as finite-element models. These include direct-generation of isovalues from finite elements, display of 3D gradient and tensor quantities, and the display of multiple states of behavior, items common to general 3D visualization, but with specific algorithmic and implementation issues in finite element analysis.<<ETX>> | false | false | [
"Richard S. Gallagher",
"Robert B. Haber",
"Gordon Ferguson",
"David Parker",
"Douglas W. Stillman",
"James Winget"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,991 | Color icons: merging color and texture perception for integrated visualization of multiple parameters | 10.1109/VISUAL.1991.175795 | A technique that harnesses color and texture perception to create integrated displays of 2D image-like multiparameter distributions is presented. The power of the technique is demonstrated by an example of a synthesized dataset and compared with several other proposed techniques. The nature of studies that are required to measure objectively and accurately the effectiveness of such displays is discussed.<<ETX>> | false | false | [
"Haim Levkowitz"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,991 | Color vs. black-and-white in visualization | 10.1109/VISUAL.1991.175824 | Addresses the issue of the use of color, as compared to monochromatic displays, in visualization. The paper presents the advantages and disadvantages of color displays, and those of monochromic displays, identifies situations where color can improve the representation, those where it will degrade it, and suggest guidelines on how (and when) to use color.<<ETX>> | false | false | [
"Haim Levkowitz",
"Richard A. Holub",
"Gary W. Meyer",
"Philip K. Robertson"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,991 | Computer assisted sphere packing in higher dimensions | 10.1109/VISUAL.1991.175785 | A computer was used to help study the packing of equal spheres in dimension four and higher. A candidate of the densest packing in 4-space is described. The configuration of 24 spheres touching a central sphere in this packing is shown to be rigid, unlike the analog in 3-space, in which the spheres can slide past each other. A system for interactively manipulating and visualizing such configurations is described. The Voronoi cell for a sphere is the set of points closer to its center than to any other sphere center in the packing. The packing density is the ratio of a sphere's volume to the average of the volumes of the Voronoi cells. A method of constructing Voronoi cells and computing their volumes that works in any dimension is presented. Examples of Voronoi cell volumes are given.<<ETX>> | false | false | [
"Nelson L. Max"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,991 | Cooperative, computer-aided design of scientific visualizations | 10.1109/VISUAL.1991.175819 | Partial automation of the task of designing graphical displays that effectively depict the data to be visualized through cooperative computer-aided design (CCAD) is described. This paradigm combines the strengths of manual and automated design by interspersing guiding design operations by the human user with the exploration of design alternatives by the computer. The approach is demonstrated in the context of the IVE design system, a CCAD environment for the design of scientific visualizations using a set of design rules that combine primitive visualization components in different ways. These alternatives are presented graphically to the user, who can browse through them, select the most promising visualization, and refine it manually.<<ETX>> | false | false | [
"Sandeep Kochhar",
"Mark Friedell",
"Mark Vincent LaPolla"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,991 | Deixis and the future of visualization excellence | 10.1109/VISUAL.1991.175820 | The authors maintain that of particular importance for visualization excellence is an understanding of effective deictic facilities, especially new techniques made possible by computation. They explain what deixis is and why it is fundamental to visualization and they analyze some of the requirements for effective deixis in the context of emergent visualization technology.<<ETX>> | false | false | [
"William C. Hill",
"James D. Hollan"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,991 | Designing a distributed scientific visualization tool | 10.1109/VISUAL.1991.175835 | The benefits of using a distributed scientific visualization tool in the field of acoustic modeling are demonstrated. A user-friendly interface was developed under SunView. A Remote Procedure Call was used for transparent data transfer between a CRAY X-MP/28 and Sun 4 workstation. PV-WAVE, a high-level graphics package, was used to visualize the results.<<ETX>> | false | false | [
"L. van der Sluis"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,991 | Distributed visualization using workstations, supercomputers, and high speed networks | 10.1109/VISUAL.1991.175834 | A collaboration designed to demonstrate the possibilities of access to supercomputers via the high-speed wide-area networks in order to carry out sophisticated, interactive visualization on local workstations is described. The test case was visualization of 3D magnetic resonance imaging data, with a Vray performing surface reconstruction to generate a set of triangles. The resulting geometric data was sent to a local workstation to be rendered, with minor enhancements to current network protocols enabling effective utilization of the 45 Mb bandwidth of a T3-based network.<<ETX>> | false | false | [
"David W. Robertson",
"Van L. Jacobson",
"William E. Johnston",
"Stewart C. Loken",
"Edward H. Theil",
"Brian L. Tieney"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,991 | Enhanced visualization of multi-dimensional structures. Applications in positron emission tomography and climate data | 10.1109/VISUAL.1991.175799 | An algorithm based on mathematical morphology, image processing, and volume rendering has been developed to enhance the visual perception of definite and abstract structures embedded in multidimensional data undergoing visualization. This erosion procedure enhances the depth and shape perception of structures present in the data beyond the perception facilitated by shading and contrasting colors alone. The utility of this algorithm is demonstrated for medical imaging (positron emission tomography) and climate (sea surface temperature) data. The resulting information is displayed in stereo.<<ETX>> | false | false | [
"Nahum D. Gershon"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,991 | Experiments with interdisciplinary projects and scientific visualization applications at the undergraduate level | 10.1109/VISUAL.1991.175836 | The author describes the interaction between computer graphics students from the computer science department at Rochester Institute of technology and faculty from various disciplines, in their attempts to utilize state-of-the-art computer graphics techniques for the visualization of physical systems. The structure of a computer graphics course designed to act as the vehicle for this interaction is also described.<<ETX>> | false | false | [
"Nan C. Schaller"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,991 | Fast rotation of volume data on parallel architectures | 10.1109/VISUAL.1991.175777 | An algorithm for rendering of orthographic views of volume data on data-parallel computer architectures is described. In particular, the problem or rotating the volume in regard to the communication overhead associated with finely distributed memory is analyzed. An earlier technique (shear decomposition) is extended to 3D, and it is shown how this can be mapped onto a data-parallel architecture using only grid communication during the resampling associated with the rotation. The rendering uses efficient parallel computation constructs that allow one to use sophisticated shading models and still maintain high-speed throughout. This algorithm has been implemented on the connection machine and is used in an interactive volume-rendering application, with multiple frames-per-second performance.<<ETX>> | false | false | [
"Peter Schröder",
"James B. Salem"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,991 | Golf green visualization | 10.1109/VISUAL.1991.175787 | Television coverage of golf fails to bring the viewer an appreciation of the complex topography of a golf green and how that topography affects the putting of golf balls. A computer graphics simulation that enhances the viewer's perception of these features using shaded polygonal models of the actual golf green used in tournaments is presented. Mathematical modeling of the golf ball's trajectory on its way toward the hole further enhances viewer understanding. A putting difficulty map assesses the relative difficulty of putting from each location on the green to a given pin position. The object-oriented system is written in C and runs on a variety of 3D graphics workstations. As an experiment, the system was used at a professional golf tournament and correctly simulated all putts during the final round.<<ETX>> | false | false | [
"William E. Lorensen",
"Boris Yamrom"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,991 | Gray scale diagrams as business charts | 10.1109/VISUAL.1991.175791 | Gray-scale diagrams, which can present large amounts of quantitative information in a compact format, are considered as a candidate for business charts. Hundreds of data points can easily be represented in one diagram, using small gray-scale squares (or tiles), without visually overloading a viewer. An experiment was done to compare the subjects' responses to questions from three types of charts, traditional column and line charts and gray-scale tile charts. The results showed that questions were answered more correctly and more quickly using gray-scale tile charts than using traditional charts. However, subjects reported they experienced more strain using gray-scale charts.<<ETX>> | false | false | [
"W. R. Feeney"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,991 | How shall we connect our software tools? | 10.1109/VISUAL.1991.175816 | Software tools are traditionally connected using human-readable files, an approach that buys flexibility and understandability at some cost in performance relative to binary file formats. The possibility of using shared-memory functions to retain most of the existing style while leapfrogging the speed of reading binary files, at least in some environments and for some applications, is explored. Results of a benchmarking experiment confirm the benefits of this alternative.<<ETX>> | false | false | [
"Eric Grosse"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,991 | How visualization applications drive tool selection: one product can't do it all | 10.1109/VISUAL.1991.175826 | This paper looks at the role visualization and visual data analysis play in the technical community. It focuses on the premise that the wide variety of applications of visualization mandate a need for a variety of visualization software packages.<<ETX>> | false | false | [
"D. Prawel",
"M. Brown",
"C. Harris",
"R. Kriz",
"M. Vigil"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,991 | Image handling in a multi-vendor environment | 10.1109/VISUAL.1991.175814 | Software developed to deal with differing image file formats, mismatched byte order and word sizes, and confusing hardcopy device interfaces is described. The SDSC Image Tool suite provides a simple, extensible, and portable mechanism for the support of a variety of common image formats so that tool-writers can concentrate on the task in hand, rather than on the quirks of a particular image file format. Users of such tools are able to work with images generated from a variety of sources, without being restricted to an arbitrary standard format. The SDSC Visualization Printing suite creates a unified view of hardcopy devices.<<ETX>> | false | false | [
"David R. Nadeau",
"T. Todd Elvins",
"Michael J. Bailey"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,991 | In vivo blood flow visualization with magnetic resonance imaging | 10.1109/VISUAL.1991.175801 | Blood movement investigated by magnetic resonance (MR) velocity mapping is generally presented in the form of velocity components in one or more chosen velocity encoding directions. By viewing these components separately, it is difficult for MR practitioners to conceptualize and comprehend the underlying flow structures, especially when the image data have strong background noise. A flow visualization technique that adapts the idea of particle tracing used in classical fluid dynamics for visualizing flow is presented. The flow image processing relies on the strong correlation between the principal flow direction estimated from the distribution of the modulus of the velocity field and the direction derived from the raw image data. By correlation calculation, severe background noise can be eliminated. Flow pattern rendering and animation provide an efficient way for representing internal flow structures.<<ETX>> | false | false | [
"Guang-Zhong Yang",
"Peter Burger",
"Philip J. Kilner",
"Raad Mohiaddin"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,991 | Integration of visualization and scientific calculation in a software system | 10.1109/VISUAL.1991.175812 | The problems and advantages of integrating scientific computations and visualization into one common program system are examined. An important point is the direct feedback of information from the visualization into an ongoing simulation. Some strong and weak points of the varying approaches in different software packages are shown. The visualization component of the authors' program system and the advantages of its integration into the overall system are explained. The weak points in their system and the work remaining to deal with them are described.<<ETX>> | false | false | [
"Ulrich Lang 0002",
"Ruth E. Lang",
"Roland Rühle"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,991 | Interactive data exploration with a supercomputer | 10.1109/VISUAL.1991.175809 | An experiment in exploratory data visualization using a massively parallel processor is described. In exploratory data visualization, it is typically not known what is being looked for: instead, the data are explored with a variety of visualization techniques that can illuminate its nature by demonstrating patterns in it. With this approach, the authors were able to find new features in some of their oldest datasets and to create more vivid presentations of familiar features in these datasets. Their experience has also led to a better understanding of the nature of the exploratory visualization and has resulted in some formal representations of the interaction process in this environment.<<ETX>> | false | false | [
"Stuart Smith",
"Georges G. Grinstein",
"R. Daniel Bergeron"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,991 | Interactive data visualization using focusing and linking | 10.1109/VISUAL.1991.175794 | Two basic principles for interactive visualization of high-dimensional data-focusing and linking-are discussed. Focusing techniques may involve selecting subsets, dimension reduction, or some more general manipulation of the layout information on the page or screen. A consequent of focusing is that each view only conveys partial information about the data and needs to be linked so that the information contained in individual views can be integrated into a coherent image of the data as a whole. Examples are given of how graphical data analysis methods based on focusing and linking are used in applications including linguistics, geographic information systems, time series analysis, and the analysis of multi-channel images arising in radiology and remote sensing.<<ETX>> | false | false | [
"Andreas Buja",
"John Alan McDonald",
"J. Michalak",
"Werner Stuetzle"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,991 | Multi-valued volumetric visualization | 10.1109/VISUAL.1991.175804 | Effective methods for visualizing several sets of volumetric data simultaneously are presented. The methods involve the composition of multiple volumetric rendering techniques. These techniques include contour curves, color-blended contour regions, projection graphs on surfaces, isovalue surface construction, and hypersurface projection graphs.<<ETX>> | false | false | [
"Thomas A. Foley",
"David A. Lane"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,991 | Multidimensional real time visualization on personal computers | 10.1109/VISUAL.1991.175832 | A low-cost, high-performance visualization tool based on the IBM PC is described. Characteristics of scientific and engineering visualization and requirements for real time analysis are discussed. Application programming without coding by use of flowgraphs is also presented.<<ETX>> | false | false | [
"Quentin E. Dolecek"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,991 | Multimedia environments for scientists | 10.1109/VISUAL.1991.175827 | This paper addresses the question of how the work of the scientist will change in the new multimedia environments. Scenarios for the process of simulating and analyzing data in such environments are constructed, and some of the underlying models used in their construction are examined.<<ETX>> | false | false | [
"Meera M. Blattner",
"Georges Grinstein",
"Ephraim P. Glinert",
"William Hill",
"Creon Levit",
"Stuart Smith"
] | [] | [] | [] |
Vis | 1,991 | NetV: an experimental network-based volume visualization system | 10.1109/VISUAL.1991.175807 | An experimental volume visualization system, NetV, that distributes volume imaging tasks to appropriate network resources is described. NetV gives offsite scientists easy access to high-end volume imaging software and hardware. The system allows a user to submit volume imaging jobs to an imaging spooler on a visualization-server. Remote high-power compute engines process rendering tasks, while local workstations run the user-interface. The time required to submit a job, render the job on a mini-supercomputer-class machine, and return the volume imaging to the offsite scientist is far less than the time it would take to create a similar image on a local workstation-class machine.<<ETX>> | false | false | [
"T. Todd Elvins",
"David R. Nadeau"
] | [] | [] | [] |
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