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10432 | yago | 1 | 65 | https://academic.oup.com/book/44709/chapter/378978046 | en | “Dear Mr. Dulles”: A Special Relationship | [
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] | 2022-11-17T00:00:00 | Abstract. Allen Dulles arrived in Bern in November 1942 to become OSS station chief. He quickly established contact with British intelligence officers, inc | en | //oup.silverchair-cdn.com/UI/app/img/v-638576256025047103/apple-touch-icon.png | OUP Academic | https://academic.oup.com/book/44709/chapter/378978046 | |||||
10432 | yago | 0 | 91 | https://imusic.de/books/9781530161393/suzzan-babcock-2016-for-the-children-paperback-book | en | Suzzan Babcock · For the Children (Taschenbuch) (2016) | [
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] | null | [] | null | FOR THE CHILDREN is presented as the 3 life-journeys of Dr. Carol Sue Rosin, my husband Craig Babcock and myself (Suzzan) to identify how the enemy within can affect our lives. Carol graciously consented to baring her soul, as it were in sharing her deepest and often most painful experiences of her life. Openly and honestly, she allowed me to act as narrator to her incredible experiences with celebrities and a life altering encounter that has the potential to change the world. All the proceeds will be divided between keeping space free of weapons, which is essential for our children's future, and children's programs. In writing this book, we hope that all questions of Carol and Wernher von Braun are laid to rest once and for all. All three of us share the different messages and insights we received. For Craig's and my part that is only 22 years, for Carol more than 40 years of dedicated service. Ultimately, this book shares our lives and experiences, especially spiritual, and the messages we were given. As Carol's husband Jon Cypher, the celebrated actor says: We're at the Big Crossroads. Peer into the crystal ball and what do we see? Which path do we take? Less civility, more barbarism? Are we whistling in the dark? Crossing our fingers and praying angels or ETs will swoop down to rescue us and somehow save the day? FOR THE CHILDREN blazes a different path that leads to a new world. Through my wife Carol, and Suzzan and Craig's life journeys, the book reveals how our ancestors may have known more than we do!!!: that the modern "discoveries" of Noetics and the deeper functions of the mind are not innovations at all, but are a part of sacred teachings known as the Mysteries. We learn that the Fall of Humanity that is in all the world's sacred writings may identify a different enemy: one hiding in the background behind the archetypes of the various incarnations of the Devil. The authors say the problem is this "enemy" has a partner actually living inside us, our ego. They show how the ego is no friend to our true selves or spirit because it wrecks all our good intentions as often as it can. FOR THE CHILDREN explains how we can identify this villainous saboteur within through its everyday actions in our lives. Once we understand the real lie of separation we can then dispel the Great Illusion and embrace our true roles. This book is one of hope." Jon Cypher | de | /favicon-194x194.png | https://imusic.de/books/9781530161393/suzzan-babcock-2016-for-the-children-taschenbuch | FOR THE CHILDREN is presented as the 3 life-journeys of Dr. Carol Sue Rosin, my husband Craig Babcock and myself (Suzzan) to identify how the enemy within can affect our lives. Carol graciously consented to baring her soul, as it were in sharing her deepest and often most painful experiences of her life. Openly and honestly, she allowed me to act as narrator to her incredible experiences with celebrities and a life altering encounter that has the potential to change the world. All the proceeds will be divided between keeping space free of weapons, which is essential for our children's future, and children's programs. In writing this book, we hope that all questions of Carol and Wernher von Braun are laid to rest once and for all. All three of us share the different messages and insights we received. For Craig's and my part that is only 22 years, for Carol more than 40 years of dedicated service. Ultimately, this book shares our lives and experiences, especially spiritual, and the messages we were given. As Carol's husband Jon Cypher, the celebrated actor says: We're at the Big Crossroads. Peer into the crystal ball and what do we see? Which path do we take? Less civility, more barbarism? Are we whistling in the dark? Crossing our fingers and praying angels or ETs will swoop down to rescue us and somehow save the day? FOR THE CHILDREN blazes a different path that leads to a new world. Through my wife Carol, and Suzzan and Craig's life journeys, the book reveals how our ancestors may have known more than we do!!!: that the modern "discoveries" of Noetics and the deeper functions of the mind are not innovations at all, but are a part of sacred teachings known as the Mysteries. We learn that the Fall of Humanity that is in all the world's sacred writings may identify a different enemy: one hiding in the background behind the archetypes of the various incarnations of the Devil. The authors say the problem is this "enemy" has a partner actually living inside us, our ego. They show how the ego is no friend to our true selves or spirit because it wrecks all our good intentions as often as it can. FOR THE CHILDREN explains how we can identify this villainous saboteur within through its everyday actions in our lives. Once we understand the real lie of separation we can then dispel the Great Illusion and embrace our true roles. This book is one of hope." Jon Cypher | |||||
10432 | yago | 0 | 2 | https://www.imdb.com/name/nm3978960/ | en | Carol Rosin | [
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10432 | yago | 3 | 11 | https://manga.fandom.com/wiki/Jon_Cypher | en | Jon Cypher | https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/ucp-internal-test-starter-commons/images/a/aa/FandomFireLogo.png/revision/latest?cb=20210713142711 | https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/ucp-internal-test-starter-commons/images/a/aa/FandomFireLogo.png/revision/latest?cb=20210713142711 | [
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] | null | Jon Cypher (born January 13, 1932) is an American actor. Born in New York City, Cypher graduated from Erasmus Hall High School in 1949 and Brooklyn College in 1953.[1] He made his television debut as the Prince in the original 1957 production of Rodgers and Hammerstein's Cinderella opposite... | en | /skins-ucp/mw139/common/favicon.ico | Manga Wiki | https://manga.fandom.com/wiki/Jon_Cypher | Jon Cypher (born January 13, 1932) is an American actor.
Born in New York City, Cypher graduated from Erasmus Hall High School in 1949 and Brooklyn College in 1953.[1] He made his television debut as the Prince in the original 1957 production of Rodgers and Hammerstein's Cinderella opposite Julie Andrews in the title role. He is particularly remembered as Chief of Police Fletcher Daniels in Hill Street Blues, a role he played throughout the lifetime of the series, 1981-1987. He also played Commanding General Marcus Craig on the television show, Major Dad, alongside Gerald McRaney and Beverly Archer, and appeared as Howard Millhouse in the short lived television series Probe. He is also well known for the roles of Dr. Alex Keith on As the World Turns (1977–1979) and Dr. Arthur Donelly on Santa Barbara (1988–89). His other television credits include the recurring roles of Belson in The F.B.I., Dirk Maurier in Dynasty, Eric Brandon in Marcus Welby, M.D., and Jeff Munson in Knots Landing. He also provided the voice of comic villain Spellbinder in the animated television series Batman Beyond.[2]
Cypher made his first film appearance as the villain Frank Tanner in the 1971 Western Valdez Is Coming opposite Burt Lancaster and Susan Clark. He has since appeared periodically in films up through the late 1990s in mostly featured character parts.
Cypher has also had an active career on the stage in both musicals and plays. He made his Broadway debut as Wister LaSalle in the original 1959 production of Harvey Breit's The Disenchanted. He returned to Broadway in 1962 to replace Patrick O'Neal as the Reverend T. Lawrence Shannon in the original production of Tennessee Williams's The Night of the Iguana. He portrayed the role of Dr. Carrasco in the original 1965 cast of Man of La Mancha, later taking over the role of Don Quixote. In 1967 he performed the role of Bert Jefferson in the original musical Sherry! by James Lipton and Laurence Rosenthal. His other Broadway credits include The Great White Hope, 1776, Coco, and Big: the musical.
Filmography[]
Great Performances, The Prince (2004) Trapper John, M D (1981–1983) The Lot (2001) Knots Landing (1979) TV Series (1982–1983) Law & Order (1995–2000) Dallas (1982) Batman Beyond Spellbinder (1999–2000) The Greatest American Hero (1982) Walker, Texas Ranger Waylon Cox (1999) House Calls (1982) Rescue 77 (1999) Today's F. B. I. (1982) Walking to the Waterline (1998) Fred Blumquist General Hospital (1963) TV Series (1981) JAG (1998) Evita Peron (1981) (TV) Profiler (1997) Freebie and the Bean (1981) Dr Quinn, Medicine Woman (1996) The Love Boat (1979) The Invaders (1995) (TV) As the World Turns (1956) TV Series (1977–1979) Burke's Law (1995) The Rockford Files (1977) RoboCop (1994) The Feather and Father Gang (1977) The Commish (1994) Police Woman (1977) Murder, She Wrote (1986–1993) The Food of the Gods (1976) Major Dad (1990–1993) Bronk Lundeen (1976) Strictly Business (1991) Marcus Welby, M D (1975) Snow Kill (1990) (TV) The Kingfisher Caper (1975) Johnny Valerie (1990) The Rookies (1974) B L Stryker (1990) Memory of Us (1974) Brad Spontaneous Combustion (1990) The F. B. .I (1974) Tour of Duty (1988–1989) Night Games (1974) (TV) Dale Hannigan The Sandgrass People (1989) The Kid and the Killers (1974) Santa Barbara (1984) TV Series (1988–1989) Blade (1973) Favorite Son (1988) (mini) TV Series Lady Ice (1973) Lady Mobster (1988) (TV) Ghost Story (1973) Probe (1988) Mannix (1972) Elvis and Me (1988) (TV) Bonanza (1972) Accidents (1988) Mission: Impossible (1972) Off the Mark (1987) McMillan & Wife J (1972) Hunter (1987) Believe in Me (1971) Masters of the Universe (1987) Valdez Is Coming (1971) Hill Street Blues (1981–1987) Nanny and the Professor (1970) Dynasty (1983–1987) Coronet Blue (1967) Perry Mason: The Case of the Notorious Nun (1986) (TV) Flipper (1964) Hotel (1986) Children's Theater, King Richard (1964) Malice in Wonderland (1985) (TV) Cinderella (1957) (TV) Half Nelson (1985) Armstrong Circle Theatre (1957) Lottery! (1984) Knight Rider (1983)
References[]
[]
Template:Title without disambig at the Internet Movie Database
Jon Cypher at the Internet Broadway Database
Jon Cypher at the Internet Off-Broadway Database | ||
10432 | yago | 0 | 13 | https://joncypher.org/jon-cypher/jon-cypher-basic-facts-milestones/ | en | Bot Verification | [] | [] | [] | [
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10432 | yago | 2 | 0 | https://joncypher.org/page/4/ | en | Bot Verification | [] | [] | [] | [
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10432 | yago | 3 | 31 | https://www.fishpond.co.nz/Books/For-Children-Carol-Sue-Rosin-Foreword-by-Craig-R-Babcock-Contributions-by/9781530161393 | en | For the Children, Carol Sue Rosin (Foreword ) Craig R Babcock (Contributions ) | [
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10432 | yago | 3 | 5 | https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0194230/ | en | Jon Cypher | [
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] | null | Jon Cypher. Actor: Masters of the Universe. Jon Cypher was born on 13 January 1932 in New York City, New York, USA. He is an actor, known for Masters of the Universe (1987), Fire Syndrome (1989) and Günstling der Hölle (1988). He is married to Carol Rosin. He was previously married to Ruth Wagner. | en | IMDb | https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0194230/ | A devoted fan of opera, he was attending a concert in Carnegie Hall in 1958, where the audience was eagerly waiting for the great Swedish tenor Jussi Björling to sing his signature aria "Nessun dorma" from the opera Turandot, but it wasn't happening. Then a clarion voice rang out in the audience, "Nessun dorma!" Millions of the concert recordings were sold, but who was that audacious young man? It was in fact a young actor already making his name on the stage, Jon Cypher. | |||||
10432 | yago | 0 | 88 | https://www.heraldtribune.com/story/news/2003/03/18/june-july-2002/28743674007/ | en | June - July 2002 | [] | [] | [] | [
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] | 2003-03-18T00:00:00 | Bowyer, Kevin W., to Charles E. III and Kim K. Githler, Unit 202, Gulf Beach Condominium Hotel, $115,800. \n Deloach, Walter W. and Mary E., to T and I Management Group LLC, Lots 19, 21, 22, 23, 24, 2… | en | Sarasota Herald-Tribune | https://www.heraldtribune.com/story/news/2003/03/18/june-july-2002/28743674007/ | Bowyer, Kevin W., to Charles E. III and Kim K. Githler, Unit 202, Gulf Beach Condominium Hotel, $115,800.
Deloach, Walter W. and Mary E., to T and I Management Group LLC, Lots 19, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, Block D, Highland Crest, $300,000.
Deloach Plastics Inc. to T and I Management Group LLC, Lots 18, 19, 20, Block D, Highland Crest, $175,000.
Wolfzorn, Eugene Edward and Mary Ann, individuals and trustees, to Charles S. and Janette L. Binkkowski, Unit 7126, Phase 1, Tallywood Condominium, $92,000.
Herman, F. Donald and Nancy Ann, trustees, to Edward W. and Barbara J. Thompson, Unit 11, Pahse III, Villa La Grand, Condominium, $110,000.
McKillop, Patricia, to John B. and Denise R. McKesson, Lot 17490-17494, South Venice, Unit 65, $159,900.
Wesling, Eugene E. and Catherine E., to Thomas M. Poaps, Lot 1809, Sarasota Springs, Unit 15, $109,000.
Lee Wetherington Homes Inc. to Soordal and Shanthi Prakash, Lot 115, Huntington Pointe, Unit 2, $239,900.
Chown, Thomas A. and Barbara A., to Anthony C. and Janine Limoncelli, Portion of Section 27, Township 40s, Range 19e, $450,000.
Sheehan, James G., and Mounce, Howard Lee, to Barry F. Spivey, and Tami F. Conetta, Lot 7, Beneva Woods Subdivision, $275,000.
Steele, Jeffrey Lynn and Philippa A., to Troy J. and Paula I. Ockerman, Lot 28, Amberlea, $372,500.
Joyce, Dawn M., and Olson, Lynn, to June L. Levi, Lot 43, Center Gate Woods, Unit 1, $179,900.
Horton, Mark Elliott and Laura J., to Bruce E. and Stacy A. Trudelle, Lot 573, Lake Sarasota, Unit 7, $127,000.
Westfield Homes of Florida Inc. to Peter Wolff, trustee, Lot 12, Block D, Villa Rosa, Unit 1, Subdivision, $221,900.
Snyder, Larry D. and Melynda B., to Robert L. Beller, Lot 884, Lake Sarasota, Unit 10, $106,900.
Lee Wetherington Homes Inc. to Sara E. Rambo, Lot 25, Emerald Woods at Oaks III, Phase 2, Subdivision, $292,400.
Medallion Homes Gulf Coast Inc. to Jon P. and Ann L. Nathan, Lot 61, Palmer Glen, Phase 1, $280,600.
Kronschnabl, George and Elfriede, to John P. Lolli, Unit 16, Village Lake, Condominium, $106,000.
Merz, Max S. Jr., to Richard A. and Martha Kammire Gerrity, Unit 53, Phase I, Village Gardens Condominium, $90,000.
Disseldorf, Alaine and Christiane and Jeanne, and Badot, Bernard and Danielle, and Michel, Patrick and Philippe and Dominique and Robert, to Michael and Nancy Layton, trustees, Unit 218, The Plaza Gardens, Condominium, $76,000.
Zepelak, Stanley L., to Evelyn M. Butler, Unit 203, The Terrace East Condominium, $220,000.
Laekwood Ranch Corporate Park Inc. to Center For Faith and Freedom Inc., Lot 10, Lakewood Ranch Corporate Park, Unit 2, Phase II, $135,900.
King, Arlene P. and Linda C., to Danny and Lenka Hochmann, Lots 1, 3, Block 19, Flora Villa, $116,500.
Paul, Thomas D. and Lisa A., to Majid F. and Anwar Ajib, Lot 26, Block E, Clark Meadows, $118,500.
Dewitz, Nancy M., to Michele L. Gagen, Unit 911, Forest Pines, Section 9, Condominium, $107,000.
Newland, Barbara A., to Greider and Witmer Associates Inc., Lot 5, Block 13, Tamaron Subdivision, Unit 4, $165,000.
Stocke, Ann Williams, to Mary A. Ames, Lot 23, Bishopscourt at the Oaks Preserve, $400,000.
Peney, William R., to Jill E. Wenning, Lot 264, Pelican Pointe Golf and Country Club, Unit 6, $251,000.
Seaver, Peter R. and Elizabeth M., to Mel P. and Sara P. Melshlimer, Lot 7, Boca Royale, Unit 6, Phase 1-A, $130,000.
Wagner, Ruth V., to Gary W. and Kathryn Usher, Unit 325, Building D, Bella Costa 2 Condominium, $190,000.
McCain, William Y., and Lee, Andrea L., to Thomas J. and Judy A. Krause, Lot 105, Block F, Nokomis, $125,000.
Lightner, Jeffrey L. and Kristine L., and Montgomery, James M. and Linda K., to David E. and Joyce M. McDonald, Lots 11423, 11424, 11425, South Venice, Unit 43, $111,500.
Ryan, Teresa J., and Smalllridge, Catherine Ann, to William K. Pearce, trustee, Lot 246, The Villas of Chestnut Creek, Unit 1, $120,000.
Acorn Management LLC to Melba R. Talbot, Lots 6, 5, Block B, North Vamo Subdivision, Plat 1, $127,000.
Greco, Joseph F. Jr., to James F. and Lori J. Malea Rich, Lot 72, Laurel Landings Estates, $280,000.
Elizalde, Raul H. and Alison H., to Larry Soden, and Janice Buchser, Unit 410, Building C, Siesta Sands Resort Condominium, $365,000.
Lengacher, Julie K., and Jon Henri and Cecile Annette, to Randall J. and Flora R. Kirwan, Unit 58, Somerset Condominium, $127,000.
Platt, Craig H. and Lisa R., to Elisco and Luz Arreguin, Lot 652, Desoto Lakes, Unit II, $127,900.
Stone, Howard W., individual and as personal representative, to Allan D. and Kimberly D. Kollar, Lot 5, Block G, Corrected and Amended Plat of Revised East Gate Terrace Subdivision, $88,000.
Acorn Management LLC to Melba R. Talbot, Lots 4, 5, Block B, North Vamo Subdivision, Plat 1, $127,000.
Kensinger, Constance A., trustee, to Gregory A. Ottaway, Portion of Lots 403, 404, Venice Gardens, Unit 6, $132,500.
Pesut, Daniel S. and Sharon A., to Irene M. Brunn, Lot 89, Quail Lake, $250,000.
Kopak, Albert M. and Judy E., to William R. Argue, Unit 514, Building 5, Midnight Cove II, Phase I, Condominium, $289,000.
Ross, Thomas A. and Virginia M., to Ancil E. III and Patricia A. Wilson, Lots 8325, 8326, South Venice, Unit 30, $135,000.
Pickles, Andrew R., to Matthew Ian Schroeder, Lot 4, Block E, South Highlands, $119,900.
Dudeck, Ralph F. Jr. and Barbara B., to Dr. Juergen Laaadendorf, and Cecily Sharp-Whitehill, Lot 227, Oaks II, Phase II, $1,195,000.
Haney Developers Inc. to David N. Dolnick, Lot 18, Kensington Oaks, $151,900.
Vasas, John A. and Darleen, to Sturgis A. and Madeleine Sobin, Lot 25, Pelican Pointe Golf and Country Club, Unit 7, $228,000.
Gruhler, Eugene A., individual and trustee, and Grettenberger, Diane, individual and trustee, to Joshua A. Beckmann, and Jack Collins Jr., Portion of Lot 6, Sunset Bay, $420,000.
Chamberlain, Charlotte A., individual and trustee, to Joshua A. Beckmann, and Jack Collins Jr., Portion of Lot 6, Sunset Bay, $210,000.
Hogan, Michael P. and Deborah W., to Diane Sheldon, Lot 26, Block 36, Replat Unit 14, Gulf Gate Subdivision, $165,000.
Risser, Queenie E., trustee and individual, to John V. and Jo Ann Turner, Lot 49, Crystal Lakes, $178,000.
Severn, Eric, to Kenneth C. Webber, Lots 1, 3, Graham Heights Subdivision, $225,000.
Rychick, Edward T. and Nancy P., and Miller, William T. and Roberta E., and Corvala, Joseph M. and Rebecca L., to William and Janice Salisbury, Unit 236, Sea Horse Beach Resort Condominium, $185,000.
Witzer, Stephen A., trustee, to Gregg and Dale Ann Clancy Fagan, Lot 15, Block 7, Hudson Bayou Addition to The Town of Sarasota, $170,000.
Wiedemann, Margot, to Dakkak LLC, Units A, B, C, D, Building M, and Unit D, Building L, Florida Palms II Condominium, $275,000.
Huebner, Kenneth L. and Karen L., to John M. and Deborah A. Sheik, Lot 3, Block D, Pine Lake Development, $130,000.
Divosta and Company Inc. to Phillips W. Jr. and Manbel S. Goodell, Lot 209, Villagewalk, Unit 1B, $271,200.
A. N. Inc. to David E. and Sigrid E. Knuti, Unit G1-103-C, Seaplace I Condominium, $314,900.
Soave, Anthony L. and Darlene D., to Thomas V. Thomas, trustee, and Paula L. Thomas, trustee, Unit Ph02, The Water Club I At Longboat Key Condominium, $2,550,000.
Rampart Homes Inc. to Matthew C. and Danielle C. Loomis, Lot 71, Rivendell, Unit 1, $183,000.
Brokers Exchange of KY Inc. to Eddie S. and Gienna Jo Deskins, Unit 245, The Diplomat Condominium, $122,000.
Berkery, Joan, individual and trustee, to Thomas J. and Kathleen Teresa McCrystal, Lot 37, Petrecca Terrace, $150,000.
Malgioglio, Salvatore and Evangeline M.R., to Charles M. Fitzgerald, and Joel F. Scott, Unit 3221-101, Village Brooke Condominium II, $85,000.
Dooley, Dwight R. and Linda S., to Henry Astroff, and Linda Pinchiaroli, Lot 40, Laurel Oak Estates, Section 1, $655,000.
Robinson, Stephen M. and Vivian B., to Evelyn J. Stewart, Lot 45, Country Wood Estates, Unit II, $204,000.
Fairchild, Thomas, trustee and individual, to James P. and Dana D. Judge, Unit 208, Sunrise Cove Condominium, Section 2, $290,000.
Sarasota Renaissance II to Massoud J. and Mavash Eshaghian, Unit 1118, Renaissance I Condominium, $305,000.
Renno, Tom and Jean, to Renee B. Yoder, Lot 11, Block B, Carlentini, $145,500.
Bernier, Joseph C., to Balkissoon J. Seunarine, Lot 83, Ridgewood Estates, $141,000.
Ostrow, Todd D. and Judith L., to John D. and Monica M. Kennedy, Lot 87, Lakes Estates III of Sarasota, $355,000.
Aiello, Jerry and Josephine and Paula, to Thomas D. and Carolyn F. Polkman, Lot 6, Parcel E-1, Turtle Rock, Unit 3, $305,000.
HUD to Christopher D. and Julie Hynes, Lot 91, Sunset Beach, Unit 1, $89,300.
Williams, Carol D., to Anthony D. Stelmach, and Caroline D. Baggett, Lot 12, Block 3, Venetian Gardens, $97,000.
Telinger, Richard W., to Steven D. and Elizabeth K. French, Lot 20, Block D, Coffman Manor, $90,000.
Carr, William R. and Christina J., to Thomas G. Damratoski, Portion of Lots 16, 17, Block B, Morton Terrace, $445,000.
Slosek, Daniel J., and Ruble, Carol J., to Michael T. and Gerry Antonetti, Portion of Lot 11, Webers Subdivision, $203,900.
Ellis, Stanley M. Jr. and Renee S., to Wesley P. and Sherry L. McCotter, Lot 4, Block G, Old Grove at Greenfield Plantation, Phase II, $211,000.
Flagg, Gene and Gloria, to William G. and M. Michelle Galbreath, Lot 10, Block D, Revised Plat of Oak Park, $107,500.
Kanable, James R., to Ronald C. and Susan M. Freedman, Unit 59, Heronmere Condominium, $94,000.
Croom, Joseph Michael and Amy Faye, to J. Clarke Britnell, Lots 20, 21, 22, Block 14, Plat of Nokomis, $102,000.
Gancitano, Anthony R. Jr. and Karen M., to Bruno and Wendy Biasetto, Lot 56, Emerald Gardens, $215,000.
Perkins, Peter R. and Genevieve C., to George Ferreira, Lot 19, Parcel A-1, Turtle Rock, Unit 1, $339,000.
Hershberger, Elmer L. and Beverly L., to James E. Perron, Lots 10, 12, Block K, Ridgewood Subdivision, $162,800.
Becker, Marilyn and Marquett and Brett, to Tina Lukkarinen, Lot 7, Block 17, Sarasota Beach Subdivision, $350,000.
Knox, Margaret Raven Ginns and James Jr., to Richard F. and Mary Jo Reston, Lot 12, Block B, Harmony Subdivision, $972,500.
Mitchell, Carol Lynn, to Laura L. Betshline, and Anson Shaw, Lot 1950, Kensington Park, Unit 9, $105,500.
McWethy, Robert Wayne and Yuriko M., to Franklin I. and Denise G. Popper, Lots 11, 12, Block G, Ringling Boulevard Subdivision, $100,000.
Provident Bank, trustee, to Ruth C. Golov, Unit 408, Bay Plaza Condominium, $550,000.
Gottfried, Mariloys, to Nicholas G. and Marilyn M. Saris, Unit 53, Building 11, The Gardens Condominium, $78,000.
Kraus, Galina, to Robert J. and Sharon P. Miller, Unit 179, Treehouse 14, Pelican Cove Condominium X, $185,000.
Vecchio, Tony Z., and Powers, Nina J., to Laurie Rosin, Lot 34, Paver Park Estates Subdivision, $98,500.
Sarfaty, Jane, to Patrick David Jones, and Joan Jones, Unit 726, Pinestone at Palmer Ranch 7, Condominium, $179,900.
Meyer, Susan Jo and William R., to Helene M. Hyland, Lot 9, Waterside South Siesta's Bayside Subdivision, $395,000.
Patterson, James Conn and Marjorie Doreen, to Mario and Maria Padierne, and Elisha Kateri Padiereene Aviles, Lot 23, Block 1, Tamaron, Unit 5, $146,500.
Meister, James W., trustee, to Dolores I. Forsyth, Lot 12, Deer Creek, Unit 2, $360,000.
Millar, Glenn A. and Cynthia A., to Lawrence R. Laplaca, Lot 547, Lake Sarasota, Unit 7, $134,000.
Schaller, Glenn M. and Susan Lee, to Ritchard S. Lewis, Unit 7, Crystal Sands Condominium, Section 1, $415,000.
Gannon, Edward T., and Smith, William B. and Kathleen, to Michael T. and Mariella Williams, Lot 193, Myakka Valley Ranches, Unit 4, $210,000.
Jekic, Borivj B. and Sophia C., to Phillip T. and Susan C. Long, Lots 11533, 11534, South Venice, Unit 43, $108,000.
Anderson, Marvin L. and Ralph G., to Dale A. and Nancy M. Galvin, Lot 67, Plat of Englewood, $90,000.
Gosnell, Susan M., individual and trustee, to Suzanne E. Stevens, Lot 1, Block G, Pine Lake Development, $190,000.
Fischer, Martha E. and Alexandra Ellyn and Quinn Rolli, to Rajai Odeh, Lot 36, River Forest, $140,000.
Shaw, Robert E. and Sylvia S., to Bruce and Esther Crum, and Linda Skutka, Lot 23, Block B, Carlentini Subdivision, $135,000.
Brackett, Alice Gail, to Terry L. and Carol A. Crews, Lot 860, Lake Sarasota, Unit 10, $120,000.
Ford, Michael R., to Jeffrey C. Anglin, Lot 13, Block B, Floyd and Cameron's Re-Sub, $210,000.
Suarez, Maria G., to Beverly Paulson, Lot 4, Block 5, Golden Beach Subdivision, $426,000.
Merrington, Alan S. and Lynne, to Harry K. Rosenblum, Lot 3, Lincoln Park On Hudson Bayou, $975,000.
Sindelar, Robert J., to Michael and Darlene Lucas, Portion of Lot 7, Block 36, Portion of Lot 8, Block 36, Plat of Manasota, $128,400.
Gilbert, Diane C., and Wallace, Preston R., and Smith, Deborah J., to Herman E. and Maria G. Jachne, Lot 1379, Venice Gardens, Unit 25, $80,000.
Harrington, Eileen C., to Alex and Svetlana Shulman, Lot 94, Desoto Pines, Unit 2, $309,300.
Keefer, Robert J. and Winifred D., individuals and trustees, to Ted A. and Sandra S. Shields, and Billy J. and Helen L. Roberts, Lot 7, Block 84, Gulf Gate Woods, Unit 2, $260,000.
Arendt, Elizabeth, to Jerome and Debra Cammarata, Arthur and Denise Rostel, Unit 706, Sunset Towers Condominium, $160,000.
Loudenslager, Mary K., to Steven D. Fasano, Unit 2, Hudson Oaks Condominium, $160,000.
Novello, Ruth K., to William L. and Sandra G. Underhill, Lot 53, Block A, Sorrento Woods, Unit 2, $260,000.
Weaver, Janet D. and Mark D., to Harry Renner IV, and Roland F. and Dulcy Kushmore, Lot 18, Cathedral Oaks Estates Subdivision, $222,500.
Webb, Warren W. and Lesley H., to Robert C. and Tammy L. Faro, Lots 775, 776, South Venice Subdivision, Unit 3, $107,500.
The Ryland Group Inc. to Joaquin F. Mendez, and Daryl Zachgo-Mendez, Lot 293, Heron Creek, Unit 3, $245,900.
The Ryland Group Inc. to Wendy Whitney, Lot 503, Pelican Point Golf and County Club, Unit 8, $147,900.
The Ryland Group Inc. to Angela F. Phillips, trustee, Lot 504, Pelican Point Golf and County Club, Unit 8, $152,800.
The Ryland Group Inc. to Jon F. McDonald, Lot 501, Pelican Point Golf and County Club, Unit 8, $171,700.
The Ryland Group Inc. to Robert R. and Vicki S. Kelley, Lot 502, Pelican Point Golf and County Club, Unit 8, $153,300.
Dyson, Maureen E., individual and trustee, and Ian, to Bruce and Sharon Matthews, Lot 116, Stoneybrook Golf and Country Club, Unit 3, $399,800.
Lynch, Dean, individual and as personal representative, to Brenda Hughes, Lot 27, Block 3, Pinebrook South, Unit H, $152,700.
Smolik, Jiri and Vladimira, to Helen M. Parks, Lots 3501, 3502, 3503, South Venice, Unit 12, $90,000.
Huffman, Craig W. and Debra S., to Christopher I. and Toni A. Gilray, Lot 1395, Venice Gardens, Unit 25, $116,000.
Grace, Joseph J., to Timothy and Hilary Kopcinski, Lots 4287, 4288, South Venice, Unit 16, $125,500.
Sullivan, Ellsworth and George, to Tawanna Hardenbrook, Lot 12, Block C, Country Club Estates, Unit 2, $140,000.
Eagan, Ilse, individual and trustee, to Richard J. and Sandra S. Lange, Lot 25, Block II, Pinebrook South, Unit III, $164,000.
Shea, Timothy and Margaret, to Teresa J. Ryan, Unit 420, Harbor Isles Condominium, Section IV, $105,000.
Lennar Homes Inc. to David A. and Virginia W. Winkelman, Lot 35, Barton Farms, Unit 1, $324,100.
O'Donnell, James P. and Cheryl A., to Mike Cannello, Lot 25, Waterfront Estates Subdivision, $255,000.
Lennar Homes Inc. to Richard D. and Beth A. Wilson, Lot 74, Barton Farms, Unit 1, $390,100.
Calonge, Bernardo J., trustee, to Ralph L. and Marguerite A. Fletcher, Unit 402, Building 7, Beachplace II Condominium, $510,000.
Baarletto, Michael A. and Kim, to Edward L. Detoni, Lot 698, Sarasota Springs, Unit 6, $136,500.
Becker, Theresa J., to Ronald Roggow, Lots 2150, 2151, Sarasota Springs, Unit 18, $805,000.
Lennar Homes Inc. to Dennis M. and Beverly J. Johnson, Lot 83, Barton Farms, Unit 1, $319,400.
Venice HG LC to Charles B. and Kathryn M. Walsh, Lot 61, Bellagio on Venice Island, $280,000.
Megerichian, Benita Thompson, to Jonathan E. and Georgina M. Singer, Lot 3, Swan Acres Subdivision, $228,500.
U.S. Home Corp. to Bruce L. and Lynn H. Holland, Lot 3601, Block 36, Heritage Oaks Golf and Country Club, Unit XIV, $252,600.
U.S. Home Corp. to Horst and Ingeborg Franke, Lot 3801, Block 38, Heritage Oaks Golf and Country Club, Unit XIV, $213,300.
U.S. Home Corp. to Paul E. and Lorene E. Lankes, Lot 2321, Building 2300, Veranda VII At Heritage Oaks Condominium, $199,000.
U.S. Home Corp. to Peter and Helen Midunczyk, Lot 53, Rivendell, Unit 3D, $421,100.
U.S. Home Corp. to Michael J. and Suzanne Gavazzi, Lot 2320, Building 2300, Veranda VII at Heritage Oaks Condominium, $195,100.
Sam Rodgers Properties Inc. to Thomas J. and Darcy M. Martyn, Lot 254, Pelican Pointe Golf and Country Club, Unit 4, $443,700.
Fischer, Vivian, to Rose Dolgos, Unit 20, Model C, Center Gate Village Condominium, Section 4, $132,500.
Gray, Barry G., to Lynette Vastag, Lot 9, Block A, Warm Mineral Springs, Unit 90, Subdivision, $82,500.
11620010 Ontario Inc. to James W. and Barbara A. Korman, Lot 34, Pelican Pointe Golf and Country Club, Unit 1, $230,000.
Kennedy, John D., and Monica Miller, to Geri C. Black, Lot 3, Hidden Oaks Estates, $425,000.
Janutolo, Eldo John II and Stella Louise, to John R. Zatrock, and Sue C. Powers, Lot 44, Pelican Pointe Golf and Country Club, Unit 6, $224,000.
Hess, George W. and Sally A., to Richard L. and Judy L. White, Unit 209, Building B, Gulf and Bay Club Condominium, $550,000.
White, Richard L. and Judy L., to Roger J. and Jane T. Daly, Unit 108, Building C, Gulf and Bay Club Condominium, $807,500.
Peppe Family Holdings LTD by Chever Enterprises Inc. to Land Resources LLC, Tract 8, Venice Farms, $180,000.
Coyle, Dolores S., to Thomas G. Walker, Unit 303, Pine Run Condominium, $97,900.
Wallace Avenue Development Inc. to H and M Holdings LLC, First Floor of Wallace Avenue Professional Center, $107,000.
Wallace Avenue Development Inc. to H and M Holdings LLC, Condominium Unit on Third Floor of Wallace Avenue Professional Center, $267,500.
Lightfoot, Sandra, to John Mark Schrag, Lot 355, Brentwood Estates, Unit 4, Subdivision, $102,900.
Meyers, Helen J., individual and trustee, to Robert Kenneth Jr., and Marlene L. Tikkanea, Unit 164, Foxwood Condominium, $105,500.
Vine, Gregory E., to Donald L. Maxwell, Lots 10321, 10322, South Venice, Unit 39, $245,000.
Gill, George M. and Frances L., to Florence F. and Josephine Hilt, Unit 30, Model E, Center Gate Estates Village Condominium, Section IV, $157,000.
Baynes, Antoinette M. and John R., to John del Casalle, and Michael Osher, Lot 18, Block A, Country Club Shores, Unit 4, $285,000.
Utzig, Diana R., to Josephine Santella, Lot 5, Block H, Sun Haven Subdivision, $82,000.
Fryer, Patricia Dawn, to Jeffrey S. and Susan M. Wakefield, Unit 1512, Pinestone at Palmer Ranch 15, Condominium, $140,000.
Eckert, Charles J. and Henrietta A., to Albert Bartz, Unit 93, Foxwood Condominium, $125,000.
Poleshek, Kendra A. and Jeffrey A., to Devra Adena Tichenor, and Bruno C. Izzo Jr., Lots 16, 18, Block B, Rustic Lodge, $113,000.
Champ, Kevin M., to Bruce and Jane Holtan, Unit 425, Building 4, Veranda I at Heritage Oaks Condominium, $168,000.
Paulsen, Margrete K., individual and trustee, and Gordon M., to Carl L. and Susanne K. Slapshak, trustees, Lot 223, Park Forest, Phase IV, $136,000.
Divosta and Company Inc. to Mary C. Elsis, Lot 184, Villagewalk, Unit 1B, $260,700.
Russo, Daniel D. and Edythe M., to Shawn M. Bigelow, Lot 1043, Lake Sarasota, Unit 12, $120,500.
Seiibt, Werner, to Joseph and Lucy Sangiovanni, Unit 1014, Plaza de Flores, Condominium, $137,000.
Florida South Properties to Harry D. and Yvonne Johnson, Lot 1932, Sarasota Springs, Unit 15, $87,000.
Harver, Donna, to Brian W. Burtch, Portion of Lots 7, 8, Block 5, Plat of Englewood, Lots 2, 1, Sub Lot 8, Plat of Englewood Park, $245,000.
Smith, William, to Denton E. and Bonnie M. Morrison, Unit 24, Chandlers Forde Condominium, $230,000.
Rosenkrans, Alice Joycelyn, to Rogers T. III and Ann Y. Moore, Lot 17, Block A, Country Club Shores, Unit 4, $270,000.
Yoder, Gerald, and Redcay, Abbie, to Thomas N. and Esther Tetterton, Portion of Lot 1, Block C, Oak Shores Subdivision, $128,700.
Toler, James C. and Vickie A., to David F. and Donna H. Balcom, Lot 5, Block A, Forest Lakes, Unit 1, $258,000.
Hilbert, Lawrence W. and Edith M., to Damm LLC, Unit 1245-B, Gulf and Bay Club Bayside Condominium, $410,000.
Kelly, Barbara, and Decarlo, Monte, to Roger W. and Tantri P. Kidder, Lot 214, The Landings, Unit 2, $449,900.
Kaplan, Sidney, trustee, to Kenneth K. and Cheryl L. Kornhaus, Lot 22, Waterside East, Siesta's Bayside, $598,500.
Kirkpatrick, Kevin and Jane, to Margaret O. Ellis, Unit 202, Coquille Condominium, $455,000.
Moody, Wesley P. and Joanne E., to Edward T. and Nancy P. Rychcik, Unit 213, Sea Horse Beach Resort Condominium, $200,000.
Divosta and Company Inc. to Vivian B. and Stephen M. Robinson, Lot 189, Villagewalk, Unit 1B, $247,000.
Schotsch, James G. and Nita A., to Krzyaztof and Jolanta Maciaszek, Lot 182, Huntington Pointe, Unit II, $279,000.
McConnell, Gregory, to G. Michael and Gary Bowen Swor, Unit 1B, 1617 Tuttle Condominium, $198,000.
Ellis, Kenneth and Tamara, to Samuel S. Steward, Lot 2, Cocoanut Heights, $102,000.
Suntrust Bank, trustee, to Leslye H. Seltzer, Unit Q-1, Sea Village Condominium, $325,000.
Ortiz, Luis F., and Christine K. Blais, to Randall Douglas and Aisha Ali Reed, Portion of Lot 9, Ringling Subdivision, Longboat Key, $275,000.
Kuzman, Steve P. and Beverly D., to Carl O. Densch, trustee, Unit 18, Building 3, Briarfield Condominium I, Phase II, $110,000.
DD and Associates Inc. to Stephen J. and Erin McKenna Shumate, Unit 107, Coquille Condominium, $450,000.
Sewell, Robert A. and Sandra C., to John Daniel and Sandra J. Keenan, Unit 210, The Players Club I Condominium, $730,000.
Ciampolillo, Barbara A., to Erik and Charlotte Hertz, Unit 36, Rolling Green South Condominium, $75,500.
Simonds, Gloria E., to Benno and Priska Meier, Lot 48, Parcel M, Prestancia M, N, and O Amended, $665,000.
Glaser, Karole E., to Lloyd F. and Elaine B, Mariner, Unit 6, Gulf Haven Condominium, $310,000.
Sanders, William, to Edward E. and Diane H. Kivari, Lot 63, Englewood Isles, Unit 5, $295,000.
Kateers, Konstantinos, to Andrew Keen, and Connie Karanicolas-Keen, Lot 10, Block B, Georgetowne, Unit II, $140,000.
Maraaschky, Donna, to Daryl Mark and Lori Stewart, Unit 3E, Gulf N Bay Apartments, Condominium, $263,000.
Steele, Robert G., to Robert G. Steele, and Theresa S. Herschman, Lot 19, Parcel D, Turtle Rock, Unit 2, $182,000.
Tiger Relocation Company to Joseph D. and Diane A. Gibson, Lot 1987-1989, South Venice, Unit 6, $93,500.
Gray, Mark E., to Sondra Fishman, Lots 21, 23, Block A, Poinsettia Park, $440,000.
Elsis, Mary C., to Lawrence A. and Linda Evans Keefe, Lot 17, Block 85, Gulf Gate Woods, Unit 2, $193,000.
McCarren, Thomas K., to John F. Klein, and Jodie L. South, Lots 39, 38, Wade and Avery's Addition 3 to Phillippi Crest, $131,600.
Shook, Susan J., and Yohe, Carol Ann, to Thomas C. and Margaret A. Sivertsen, Tract 111, Venice Farms, $95,000.
Walters, Joseph E. and Valerie L., to Jason C. Potter, Portion of Lots 13, 14, Block 11, Sarasota Beach, $355,000.
Malloy, Frederick P., and Gordon Grey, to Paul W. and Joe Anne C. Morrison, Unit V112, Strathmore Riverside Villas, Section 1 Condominium, $99,000.
Miner, Mary E., to Raymond J. and Sandra S. Evenson, Unit 27, Whispering Sands Condominium Village, Section 1, $335,000.
Rivendell Cottage Holdings LLC to Dennis W. Bloomer, Lot 19, Block E, Villa Rosa, Unit II-A, $245,300.
Garcia, Eulaha D., to Mark A. and Lesley J. Blaney, Lots 16793, 16794, 16795, South Venice, Unit 63, $88,600.
Nalley, Richard A. and Elizabeth A., to Penny Cook, Lot 1446, Venice Gardens, Unit 25, $108,000.
Rivendell Cottage Holdings LLC to Keith Kyle, trustee, Lot 49, Block E, Villa Rosa, Unit II-A, $253,100.
Brown, Matthew and Connie G., to Randal L. and Juliemarie Pilgrim, Lot 9, Block 29, Sarasota Beach, $300,000.
Hackett, Patricia, to Scott D. and Holly E. Eickman, Lot 10, Walden Pond Subdivision, $125,000.
Leonard, Emma L., to Timothy A. Boyle, Lot 49, Sarasota Sands, Unit 4, $500,000.
Gamber, Earl D. and Bessie, individuals and trustees, to Frederick J. and Sondra Moore, Lot 7, Block M, Plat of Englewood, $380,000.
Del Sordo, Albert N. and Susan V., to Lee Ann Tillis, Portion of Section 36, Township 38s, Range 18e, $157,000.
Laurel Civic Association Inc. to Jasmin and Meviza Coralic, Lots 9743, 9744, South Venice, Unit 35, $101,000.
Hack, Barbara J. and Wilfred A., to Mary K. Hobart, and William M. III and Julie S. Tryder, Portion of Block 3, Amended Plat of Englewood Park, $111,000.
Xanthoooopoulos, Philip and Iris E., to Prudential Residential Services, Lot 1, Oak Hammock Estates, $490,000.
Prudential Residential Services to Jill Anne Figel, Lot 1, Oak Hammock Estates, $490,000.
Parker, Andra Hopson, to Marjorie M. Lavely, Unit 46, Beekman Estates, Section 1, Land Condominium, $140,000.
Valery, Anne J., to Dale D. and Elinor T. Dixon, co-trustees, Unit 1032, The Tenth Fairway at the Plantation Condominium, $123,000.
Grosse, Joyce E., to Mark L. Caithness, Portion of Lot 16, Mission Valley Estates, Section A, $190,000.
Farrell, David E., to Dale A. Haught, trustee, Lots 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, Block 208A, Replat Block 206,208, Edgewood Section of Venice, $320,000.
Freeman, Eddy G. and Jackie S., to Robert A. and Jane J. Nuzum, Unit D, Riviera Medical Park Condominium, $125,000.
Bohannon, Darlene R., to Lee Foster, and Carol Werder, Tract 17, Sorrento Ranches, $240,000.
Bosland, Marlene, to Gregory Baranek, Lots 10725, 10726, 10727, South Venice, Unit 40, $135,000.
Leader, Charles R. and Myralin S., to John A. and Marjorie E. Lann, Unit 854, Patios I of St. Andrews Park at the Plantation Condominium, $193,000.
Cotton, Julie, individual and trustee, to Gerard G. and Eugenia M. Barry, Unit 3-D, Siesta Towers Condominium, $300,000.
Phillips, Michael J. and Susan J., to Sheldon and Stephanie Zehr, Portion of Section 32, Township 36s, Range 19e, $268,000.
Klein, Daniel J., and Skirble, Rosanne, and Klein, Michael C., and Susan Colwell, to James S. and Betty B. Klein, Lot 37, Southfield Subdivision, Unit 1, $144,000.
Bogey Free Investments LLC to LJ Inc. of West Coast Florida, Portion of Section 31, Township 36s, Range 18e, $175,000.
Murphey, Welles, individual and trustee, to Stanley III and Suzanne S. Rand, Portion of Sections 26, 27, Township 38s, Range 18e, $1,825,000.
Foster, Donald and Joanne L., to Donald P. and Wanda K. Davis, Lot 6, Block H, Bay View Acres, $280,000.
Swatling, Robert L. and Doris M., to Bart and Lu Anne Rhoten, Lots 12790, 12791, Unit 49, South Venice, $88,500.
Lann, John A. and Marjorie E., to Nelson E. and Patricia B. Douglas, Lot 32, Governors Green Subdivision, $314,000.
Caba, Cynthia R., individual and trustee, to Dewey W. and Linda S. Bond, and Wesley L. and Deborah S. Hildebrandt, Unit 502, The Orleans, Condominium, $316,000.
Gapchuk, Ury and Luba, to Gapchuk Inc., Portion of Section 16, Township 40s, Range 19e, $600,000.
McConnell, Sandra R., to Roy L. McConnell, Unit B-704, Sanctuary III at Longboat Key Club Condominium, $840,000.
Oravetz, Debra J., to Werner and Marianna Janz Wecke, Lot 10, Briarwood, $184,900.
Shore, Evelyn B., to Edward R. White, and Sherri A. Canale-White, Unit 84, Chambery Condominium, $168,000.
Lyn, Weitze and Edith, to Judith Holcomb, Lot 79, Stoneybrook at Palmer Ranch, Unit 3, $255,000.
Merrihue, Jeffrey and Maria Liebana, to Trevor and Katherine Tiffany, Unit 402, Building 4, Harbor Oaks at Longboat Key Club Condominium, $349,000.
Landsman, Donald, to Richard D. and Beverly Balliot, Unit 402, Lido Ambassador Condominium, $315,000.
Daley, Patricia A., and Isenberg, Seymour S., to Ronald Lee Handwork, Unit 22, The Village at Beekman Place, Section 3, Condominium, $159,900.
Arena, Jamie Leigh M., to Margaret A. Kriner, Lot 29, Shadow Lakes, $81,500.
Douglas, Gordon L. and Eileen A., to Ricardo Ramos, Lots 22, 23, Block D, Ashworth Park, $123,500.
Montana Realty Company to Stacia J. Williams, Lot 4, Block 47, South Gate, Unit 12, $144,000.
Wyse, James L. and Sharon E., to Nicholas C. and Dollye F. Wood, Lot 136, Serenoa, Phase III, $475,000.
Cypher, Susan Claire, to Rick A. Winkler, Lots 7, 6, Block A, Jackson Highlands Subdivision, $96,000.
Hassler, Jason E. and Andrea B., to John B. O'Neal, Lot 619, Kensington Park Subdivision, Unit 5, $102,000.
Hankele, Catherine A., to Charles C. Jr. and Joyce G. Hartman, Unit 69, Harrington Lake Condominium, $170,000.
Horton, Rex S., and Matz, Hans J., to Peter Martin and Katherine A. Duggan, Lot 4, Matz Subdivision, $270,000.
Namack, William H. III, as personal representative, to Priscilla Lussier, Unit 16, Model B, Westwoods at Sunrise Country Club, Condominium, Section 1, $127,000.
Brown, Ernest and Mary Ann, to Nohl Crest Homes Corp., Lot 26, Block A, Heron Creek, Unit 2, $87,000.
Bassia, Michael S. and Mary Wilson, to Bob M. Beaty, Lot 1, Block 9, Bird Key Subdivision, $950,000.
Sarasota Care LLC to Re Sarasota Inc., Portion of Section 23, Township 36s, Range 18e, $2,950,000.
Ruby, Dennis C. and Constance J., to Teddy L. and Karen S. Shackelford, Lot 28, The Preserve at Misty Creek, Unit 4, $300,000.
Adams, R. Craig, to Michael R. and Christine G. Hays, Lot 3, Paradise Shores, $1,215,000.
Elliott, Ronald G., to Brett and Susan Heinz, Lot 21, Center Gate Woods, Unit 1, $173,000.
Kranglewitz, Raymond and Jean, to Dennis A. and Rebecca A. Kedzierski, Unit 71, Strathmore Villa Condominium Apartments, $83,000.
Artz, Gail H., to Quentin Thomas and Marlene Ann Quirk, Unit 331, Myrtle Trace at the Plantation, Condominium, $163,000.
Coachman Homes of Sarasota Inc. to June E. Taylor, Lot 2655, Hammocks, Unit 1, $388,300.
D'Agostino, Kenneth E. and Margaret, to Margaret D'Agostino, Lot 3, Block 21, Bird Key Subdivision, $112,400.
Ratchford, Ronald and Rosemary B., to Roy and Barbara Whittaker, Unit 471, Harbor Isles Condominium, Section V, $110,000.
Spivey, Barry F., to James E. and Carolyn S. Deering, Lot 45, Timberlakes, $269,900.
McMahon, Bernard F. Jr. and Kathleen A., to John N. and Jennifer A. Leibold, Lot 326, Laurel Oak Estates, Section 10, $760,000.
Handwork, Ronald Lee and Patricia Marie, to Stephen M. Kennelly, Lot 2, Eastlake, $268,000.
McEwan, Vivian G., individual and trustee, and Laverne, to Tom and Luann Biggy, Lot 35, Country Wood Estates, Unit II, $242,500.
Hower, Margaret M., and Malley, Marcia K., to Paul R. Sauve, Unit 5822, Village Green Condominium, Section 16, $136,000.
Baker, John F. and Janet R., to Dorothy J. and Jim Fowler Jr., Lot 64, Sherwood Forest Subdivision, Unit 3, $217,000.
Baruch, Jill Nadine, to Irene Pizzo, Lot 20, Town and Country Estates, Unit 1, $129,000.
Becker, Henry C. and Marie S., to Kurt F. Lewis, trustee, Portion of Section 4, Township 36s, Range 18e, $200,000.
Blumenthal, Luis and Marisabel, to Tara A. Dowling, and Pavlo Vyschepan, Unit 16, Forty Three West of Sarasota Condominium, Section 1, $148,800.
Roche, Nina L., to Nina L. Roche, and Diane C. H. Roche, Unit 4E, One Watergate Condominium, $101,100.
Knox, Gloria Jean and McCurdy, Danielle Lemiieux, to Dawn M. Pressly, Lot 7, Piccadilly Estates, Subdivision, $145,000.
Burr, Vincent W. and Mary W., to Ronald K. and Sandra S. Grady, Unit 11-B-3, Ramblewood Acres Condominium, $82,500.
Misut, Margaretha and Milo, to Terry Rose Dwyer, Lot 19, Block 36, Replat U, Gulf Gate Subdivision, $146,000.
Grecia, Albert and Kathryn, to Ronald K. and Madelyn A. Petersen, Lot 74, Venice Palms, Phase II, $195,000.
Lowery, Gloria L. and Daniel C., to Steven Weaver, Lot 1, Lockwood Gardens, $110,000.
Spencer, M. Scott and Laura A., to Richard and Katarina Cikovic, Lot 12, Block 12, South-Side Park, $128,700.
McKinney, Michael and Barbara, to Miriam K. Chadderton, and Lee A. Nickels, Lot 35, Longwood Run Subdivision, Unit 2, $270,000.
Somers, John B. and Barbara M., to Suzy M. Abbott, and Ann S. Phillips, Portion of Section 31, Township 36s, Range 19e, $280,000.
Isidoro, Juan, and Hamm, Christy R., to Marc Pelletz, Lot 71, Sarasota Springs, Unit 1, $97,000.
Forest Products Supply Inc. to Lumina Health Products Inc., Lots 20, 23, Interstate Lake Industrial Park, $315,000.
Glansman, Kelly A., to Thomas D. Mitchell, and Kate Leikin, Portion of Lot 17, Weber Subdivision, $142,000.
Marino, Carolyn A., to Seymour S. Isenberg, and Patricia Daley, Portion of Lot 33, Lakewood, Tract A, Unit 1, $243,000.
Wasserman, Herbert and Judith R., to Patricia M. Blasiola, Unit 802, Bay Plaza Condominium, $562,500.
Davenport, Mary T., to Judith E. Robertson, Unit 33, Exeter House, Sarasota Harbour East Apartments, $140,500.
Di Persio, Joseph Patrick and Lillian Frances, to Josephine Dobner, Lot 216, De Soto Lakes, Unit 5, $129,000.
Magdziasz, John W. and Janice, to Carl III and Susan C. Kovach, Lot 315, Grove Pointe, Unit 1, $239,900.
Sowle, James L. and Audre J., to L. Kenneth and Nancy E. Lucas, Unit 1604, Fairway Woods, Section 1, Condominium, $235,000.
Cross, David R. and Patricia L., to Samuel P. and Patricia J. Boyd, Lot 38, Beneva Pines, $249,000.
Adams, Benjamin F. Jr. and Judith D., to Robert J. and Karen J. Jennings, Lot 182, Southbay Yacht and Racquet Club, $540,000.
Rodrick, Alfred and Barbara A., to Nermin and Seida Dedic, Lot 1, Block B, Nash's Subdivision, $155,000.
Steigman, Andrew L. and Meryl, trustees, to Robert W. and Luann C. Cruse, Unit 308, Building 1, Siesta Dunes Beach Condominium, $460,000.
Jacobson, Edward S. and Marie, to Joseph E. and Barbara B. Markey, Lot 21, Block 75, Gulf Gate Woods, Unit 1, $180,000.
Pender, Doreen L. and Donald, to Scott W. Cline, Lot 127, Spring Oaks, Unit 2, $142,000.
Hall, James G. II and Karen E., to Don W. and Karen S. Babcock, Portion of Lot 37, Sarabay Acres, $199,900.
Dahroug, Mohamed and Mamie, to Harold Snowdon, Portion of Block M, Replat Pinehurst Park Subdivision, $126,000.
McGonagle, Barbara T., to Hugh R. and Shirlie Barth, Lot 28, Rivendell, Unit 1, $210,000.
Prince Construtora LTD to Michele and Rita Cesar Prins, Lot 340, Southbay Yacht and Racquet Club, $440,000.
Black, William A., to Patrick M. and Sherrie J. Long, Unit 1110, Stoneybrook Clubside Condominium I, $156,000.
Skrumeda, Nicholas, to Charles W. Erb, trustee, Lot 444, Venice Gardens Subdivision, Unit 7, $108,000.
Wickert, Charles H. and Henrietta, to Christopher D. and Sandra A. Harrington, Lot 106, Center Gate Estates, Unit 1, Phase 1-C, $240,000.
Stevenson-Smith, Ronald and Anda, to Catherine A. and James A. Gingeriich, trustees, Lot 111, Stoneybrook Golf and Country Club, Unit 3, $352,000.
Tuck, Eric S. and Margaret E., to Cuza and Hildegard Ionescu, Lot 42, Fairway Village, Phase 1, $175,000.
Helterline, Robert, to Thomas L. Mettam, Lot 13, Block D, Revised Plat of Valencia Terrace, $90,000.
Ace Land Development Corp. to Mary Lou Phillips, Lot 34, Hidden Lakes Club, Phase I, $303,100.
U.S. Home Corp. to Mary Rose Scott, trustee, Lot 3902, Block 39, Heritage Oaks Golf and Country Club, Unit XIV, $217,900.
Tinsky-Waldrup, Ellen, to Elbio and Martha Rotela, Lot 75, Del Sol Village at Longwood Run, Phase II, $181,000.
Lennar Homes Inc. to Bruce E. and Betty J. Forke, Lot 23, Barton Farms, Unit 1, $275,500.
U.S. Home Corp. to Nettles Investments Inc., Unit 2316, Building 2300, Veranda VII at Heritage Oaks Condominium, $187,200.
McMahon, Neal M., to Stephen Witzer, E. P. Dessberg and Sarasota Cabana Inn Inc., Lot 1, Hibiscus Park 1, $1,924,300.
U.S. Home Corp. to Nettles Investment Inc., Unit 2315, Building 2300 Veranda VII at Heritage Oaks, Condominium, $175,100.
U.S. Home Corp. to James L. and Audre J. Sowle, Lot 17, Rivendell, Unit 3-A, $253,900.
Kutzko, John, and Wingate, Linda, and McMichael, John and Carolyn, and Singer, Michael G., to Kathryn H. Carter, Lot 16, Lyons Bay, Unit 1, $175,000.
Hays, Michael R., trustee, to Shlaine Milligan, Portion of Section 30, Township 36s, Range 18e, $750,000.
Westfield Homes of Florida Inc. to Frank D. and Corinne M. Crea, Lot 297, Heron Creek, Unit 3, $204,900.
Corley, Michael, to Egon and Urte Tuerpe, Lot 26, Block 3, Sarasota Bay Park, $156,000.
Silver Oak Development of Sarasota LC to Carlos S. and Natalie C. Miranda, Lot 115, Silver Oak, Unit 2A, $131,900.
Troyer, Idella K., to Elias S. and Anna B. Beiler, Lots 388, 389, 387, Pinecraft, $115,000.
David Schroeders Construction Inc. to Frank and Lucy Paladino, Lot 60, Venice Palms, Phase II, $241,900.
Keller, Richard W., to George W. Felton, trustee, Unit 316, Baywood Colony Garden Apartments Condominium, $92,000.
Lee Wetherington Homes Inc. to CNG Financial Corp., Lot 17, Willowbrook Subdivision, $247,000.
Trumpler, Richard P. and Phoebe Downey, to Prudential Relocation Inc., Lot 57, Bent Tree Village Subdivision, Unit 3, $480,000.
Prudential Relocation Inc. to Tony and Carla Vandenoever, Lot 57, Bent Tree Village Subdivision, Unit 3, $480,000.
Cundiff, Jerry M., and Betsy L. Schreiner, to Shirley E. Phifer, Lots 1, 2, Block 38, Gulf View Section of Venice, $359,000.
Wolfort, Jean L., to John C. Boyle, Unit 178, Augusta Villas at the Plantation Condominium, $130,000.
Sarasota Bay Club LLC to Earl and Marjorie Sharff, Unit 606, Sarasota Bay Club Condominium, $490,000.
Swart, Raymond E. Jr. and Nancy C., trustees, to Horace C. and Holly S. Cook, Lot 2, Sunset Place, $249,000.
Cerinetti, Allen S. and Terri, to Dennis and Sandra L. Klimek, Portion of Lots 570, 569, 568, Gulf View Estates, Unit 1, $210,000.
Casey Key Management LLC to Philip Delano, and Mary Engelbreit, Portion of Section 19, Township 38s, Range 18e, $640,000.
Leroy, James V. and Michael, to Jennifer Forney, Lot 58, Woodmere Lakes, Unit 2, $189,000.
Morrison Homes Inc. to Ana Lucia Arrieta, Lot 10, Covington Place, Unit 2, $218,000.
Scharff, Ronald A. Sr. and Janice Lee, to Douglas Todd Fisher, Lots 147, 155, Bay Haven, Subdivision, $160,000.
Scharff, Ronald and Janice, to Douglas Todd Fisher, Lot 148, Bay Haven, Subdivision, $150,000.
Brown, George D. and Suzanne I., to James V. and Denise M. Fitzpatrick, Unit 407, Lido Shores Condominium, $310,000.
Cook, Betty N., individual and trustee, to Norman and Geraldine Comfort, trustees, Unit 1208, Section 12, Village Green of Forest Lakes Condominium, $117,000.
Kerekes, Kevin, to Sergei and Zdzislawa Majka Kravets, Portion of Lot 19, Point O' Rocks Terrace Addition, $590,000.
Washington Mutual Bank to Gregory A. and Cristy L. Flagg, Lot 5, Block I, Green Acres, $150,200.
Robedeau, Daniel E., and Krieger, Karen Ann Kim, to Donald W. and Bonnie D. Kregel, Lot 55, Sabal Trace, Unit 1, Subdivision, $218,000.
Arnold Development of Southwest Florida LC to Richard C. and Betty L. Shower, Lot 147, Villas of Sabal Trace Subdivision, $129,100.
Freeman, William H. and Sandra M., to Rebecca Swenson, and Karen Wilbur, Lot 168, Bent Tree Village Subdivision, Unit 3, $470,000.
Reed, Shelley Ponteroy, to Lois B. Abrams, Unit 160, Augusta Villas at the Plantation Condominium, $125,000.
Kresky, Peter M. and Bonnie B., to Michael E. Krakow, trustee, and Judith Anne Krakow, trustee, Lot 27, Longwood Run Subdivision, Phase IV, $435,000.
Gareau, Rene A., individual and trustee, and Patricia A., to Mark and Ellen G. Goddard, Lot 4, Parcel O, Prestancia Subdivision, $965,000.
Skonieczny, Jeffrey D., and McNally, Virginia D., to James R. and Laura L. Chappell, Lot 42, Magnolia Pond, $280,000.
Kozlowski, Charles and Teresa, to Mary Ellen Dow, Portion of Lot 8, Owen Burns Realty Company Sub of Lots 14, 16, Block H, Plat of Sarasota, $345,000.
Blauer, Gertrude E., to Michael Alastair Robertson, and Deborah Rose Robertson, Unit 406, Fairway Woods Section 2, Condominium, $175,000.
Pettingell, Roger C., to Michael N. and Sandra L. Koolkin, Lots 15, 13, Block D, Poinsettia Park, $390,000.
McCowan, William B. and Ruth S., to Kevin and Marcella Ellwood, Lot 23, The Meadows, Unit 1, $136,800.
Cocchi, Josephine, to James N. and Arlene A. Lempka, Lots 5, 6, Block 211, Edgewood Section of Venice, $101,000.
Borders, Dorothy J., to Ronald A. and Suzanne M. Salo, Unit 316, Building 17, Mission Lakes of Venice Condominium, $90,000.
Rico, Bernardo N. and Daria T., to Dennis R. and Louise Novak, Lot 140, Southbay Yacht and Racquet Club, $594,000.
Wikoff, Martin, trustee, to 555 Triton LLC, Lots 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, Block F, Coquina Beach, $400,000.
Aalseth, Marie Ay, to Egon and Urte Tuerpe, Lots 33, 35, 34, Block 2, Sarasota Bay Park, $280,000.
Cornerstone Properties of Sarasota Inc. to Lyle G. and Miriam A. Kreider, Lot 1, Cornerstone Acres Subdivision, $85,000.
Sarasota Renaissance II to Paul C. and Mary C. Treder Lang, Unit 405, Renaissance I Condominium, $295,400.
Adams, R. Craig, to Rebecca Martel, Lot 47, Bay Island Shores, Unit 2, $11,330,000.
Sarasota Renaissance II to Mary G. Jacobs, Unit 1017, Renaissance I Condominium, $495,000.
Morrison Homes Inc. to Miguel T. and Kristin H. Fenix, Lot 8, Meadow Walk, $182,900.
Morrison Homes Inc. to David and Tiffiany A. Harford, Lot 44, The Oaks at Woodland Park Phase II, $240,300.
Koch, Betty L., to Blue Heron Pond Associates, Tracts 99, 105-110, Venice Farms, $1,500,000.
Stanley, Harvey N., individual and trustee, and Mary K., individual and trustee, to J. Marc and Gloria Susan Powers, Lot 4, Stanley Valley Subdivision, $405,000.
Cissell, Anette, to Befke De Ring, Portion of Section 36, Township 36s, Range 20e, $80,000.
Ferraro Homes Inc. to Robert A. and Shelly J. Henderson, Lot 18, Block E, Colonial Terrace, $111,000.
Portland Properties LTD Inc. to T. Jack Sr. and Phyllis Black, Lot 7, Block D, Country Club Shores, Unit 3, Section 2, $575,000.
Kulin, Ann, to Martin and Nance Liebgott, Unit 1107, Lido Beach Club Condominium, $290,000.
Rivendell Cottage Holdings LLC to Robert J. and Eleanor J. Rosenthal, Lot 40, Block E, Villa Rosa, Unit II-A, $206,800.
Grand River Real Estate Corp. to Ferro Enterprises LLC, Portion of Section 4, Township 36s, Range 19e, $537,000.
Hart, Edward L. and Glenda M., to Casey J. Moore, Lot 471, Lake Sarasota, Unit 6, $154,900.
Hamann, Janet M., trustee and individual, and Melvin J., to Jeremiah M. and Lucille Kingston, Unit 25, Villas of Papillon Condominium, $168,000.
Pfeiffer, Carolyn, and Hoskins, Mary E., to Kenneth P. and Patricia J. Bracher, Portion of Section 36, Township 38s, Range 18e, $209,000.
Falconer, Carroll D. and Marlene O., to Katherine Janes, Unit C-1, Building C, Cordova Gardens Condominium, $82,000.
Bruce, Robert D., to Benoit Bergeron, Lot 105, Deer Hollow, Unit 1B, $104,000.
McBride, Barbara S. and Francis J., to John and Claire Graham, and Erin Royer, Lot 103, Deer Hollow, Unit 1B, $131,000.
North Star Diamond Co. to Sam Lucas Corp., Portion of Sections 21, 22, Township 40s, Range 19e, $755,000.
Lee, Murray D. and Deborah B., to James and Nola G. Rook, Lot 12, Block D, Country Club Shores, Unit 4, $460,000.
Burzynski, Martin A., to James H. and Judith A. Hunder, Unit 303, Building 3, Fairway Bay, Condominium, $485,000.
Cathness Construction Inc. to William D. and Pamela J. Stelmok, Lot 14, Preserve at Mission Valley, $142,000.
Schrader, William C. and Mary D., to John E. Delp, and Jennifer F. Elliott, Lot 7, Block A, Falcon Trace at Calusa Lakes, Unit 1, $199,500.
Lindner, Richard J., to Linda M. Crombie, Unit S-21, Circlewood of Venice, Section II Condominium, $82,900.
Webster, Kitty L., to Henry Rodriguez, Portion of Lot 85, Sarabay Acres, $211,000.
Girard, Gary and Anthony W., to Kitty L. Webster, Portion of Lots 111, 112, 113, Sarabay Acres, $211,000.
Ward, Roger G. and Carol W., to David A. and Kay L. Muncaster, Lot 16, Block 4, Manasota Gardens Subdivision, $125,000.
Laipply, Charles T. and Hope, to Robert J. and Agnes B. Rodgers, Lots 18089, 18090, 18091, South Venice, Unit 68, $140,000.
Shouha Inc. to Naret Viravong, Lot 2, Block 10, Bobcat Villas, Phase 2, $144,000.
Rosenberg, Dietrich John and Amy Lynn, to Mary Berk, trustee, and Annie Berk, Lots 16, 17, 18, Block 33, Gulf View Section of Venice, Subdivision, $850,000.
Knuckles, Jeffrey J., individual and trustee, to Dietrich John and Amy Lynn Rosenberg, Portion of Lot 37, Plat of Englewood, $1,200,000.
The Ryland Group Inc. to Mary J. Conninghton, Lot 411, Pelican Point Golf and County Club, Unit 8, $202,000.
Cantele, Armando P., to Gino L. and Audrey H. Cantele, co-trustees, Portion of Section 14, Township 37s, Range 18e, $1,012,500.
Leighton, Alexander, Estate of, to James M. and Janet Bentley, Lot 20, Block 4, Sorrento East, Unit 4, $120,000.
All You Can Eat Inc. to Southwest Bar-B-Q Inc., Portion of Section 6, Township 37s, Range 18e, $1,200,000.
Oney, Clifford S., and Doris Willand, to Ellsworth and George H. Sullivan, Lot 15, Block 175, South Venezia Park, Section of Venice, $175,000.
Willis, Allan D. and Rodney C., and Nolan, Kathleen L., to Thomas F. Dahl, Portion of Section 35, Township 38s, Range 18e, $156,900.
Laughlin, Tracy M. and Victoria B., to Chris A. and Debra Borg, Lot 17, Block 7, Venice East, Section 1, $142,500.
Blythe, Richard J. and Diane, to Bernard and Evelyn Benson, Lot 515, Unit 68, Venice Gardens, $114,900.
Gruber, David and Georgia A., to Theresa and Steven Brown, Portion of Lot 1, Block 28, South Gate, Unit 9, Subdivision, $154,000.
Drew, Margaret E. and Douglas A., to Anthony J. and Karen Iantorno, Unit GP10, Harbor Towers Yacht and Racquet Club Condominium, $252,700.
Windover, Douglas L. and Christine, to George J. and Monica J. Durakis, Lot 30, Block 23, Bird Key Subdivision, $2,700,000.
Stewart, Grace M., to Frederick E. and Ellen G. Hummel, Unit 2, Model E, Centergate Vilalge Condominium, Section 7, $147,000.
Sorbeck, James, to Ivana Navas, Lot 38, Wellington Chase, Unit 2, $192,000.
Roaen, Leonard J. and Alice M., individuals and trustees, to James V. and Michael A. Leroy, Lot 358, Venetia, Phase 1-A, $277,000.
Lofino, Charles J., to Capri Isles LLC, Block N, Capri Isles, Unit 3, $1,500,000.
Shewmake, Mary H., to Linda Ann Remley, Lot 11, McIntyre-Wilson-Potters Subdivision, $249,000.
142507 Canada LTD to John C. and Pamela W. Kroeger, Lot 48, La Vista, $345,000.
Radbill, Hugh R. and Ruth C., to Steven M. and Michele A. Sabia, and Pierre H. and Denise M. Noel, Unit 55, Sheffield Greene, Building 14, Condominium, $138,500.
Bentley, James M. and Janet S., to Karen Bastis, and Richard McFarland, Lot 19, Knotty Pine Estates, $325,000.
Ingarfield, Earl, to R. Craig Adams, Lot 17, Block 23, Bird Key Subdivision, $2,750,000.
Trudelle, Bruce E. and Stacy A., and O'Connor, Nancy V., and Peabody, Geraldine A., trustee, and Jerome T., to James Sweitzer, and Erika Banfelder, and Orpah and Erich Banfelder, Lot 33, Fox Creek Acres, Unit 2, $375,000.
The Ember Group Inc. to Brigitte Von Kessel, Lot 13, Block H, Granada, $445,000.
Stein, Barry Jay and Georgette L., to Steven J. and Valerie B. Zimath, Lot 12, Oak Woods Subdivision, $125,000.
Williamson, Richard C., and Lamb, Michael T., and Cardinal, Daniel C., to Sarasota County, Block A, Nokomis Subdivision, $1,041,400.
Kaspar, Charles J. and Debra S., to John R. and Rexene A. Hall, Lot 166, Lake Sarasota, Unit 3, $179,900.
SPE 7 LLC to Brezina and Reitaecht LLC, Portion of Sections 26, 25, Township 38s, Range 18e, $105,000.
Shank, Walter A., to Walter A. Jr. and Gina M. Shank, Lots 48, 49, Town and Country Estates, Unit 1, $168,000.
Carter, Richard M., to Ronald N. and Janet Franke, Lot 127, Deer Creek, Unit 4, $300,000.
John Cannon Homes Inc. to George Matrai, Lot 6, Siesta Estates, Replat Blocks 22, 23, 24, 25, Sarasota Beach, $339,900.
Yoder, Donovan E., and Liedike, Laura I., to Tim W. and Ellen M. McGaughy, Lot 22, Saddle Creek, Unit 1, $375,000.
TGC Partnership LTD to Denis and Mary Lee Bischoff, Lots 25, 26, Block G, Lido C, $550,000.
Gonzalez, Armando, to Jacqueline L. Paul, Lot 43, River Forest Subdivision, $269,000.
Knopp, Paul L., to Carolyn H. Hausamann, trustee, Lots 1, 2, 3, Block 5, Boulevard Addition to Sarasota, $100,000.
Johnson, Dennis M. and Beverly J., to Michael H. Hamilton, and Kathleen K. Jones, Lot 43, Parcel F-1, Turtle Rock, Unit 3, $228,000.
Campbell, Shawn P. and Cheryl, to Martin R. Keneealy, Lot 2, Lancaster, $156,000.
Keating, Agnes P., to Douglas S. and Judith K. Leman, Lot 242, Stoneybrook Golf and Country Club, Unit 4, $280,000.
Myllo, Christopher J. Jr. and Michelle S., to William G. and Marlyn P. Allen, Lot 4, Center Gate Woods, Unit 1, $182,500.
Baker, Jennifer C., to Sean P. and Tracy L. Hogan, Lot 2, Block 13, Pinebrook South, Unit III, $153,000.
Warren, James H. and Donna U., to Douglas and Victoria Custer, Lot 30, Marbella, $340,000.
Doktorski, Benjamin, to Thomas Fairchild, trustee, Unit 405, Lake Vista II, Condominium, $225,000.
Jacaranda Commercial Corp. to IVOPF & G LLC, Portion of Lot 10F, Lake View Office Park, Building 7, $400,000.
IVOPF & G LLC to Ruth K. and Stanley Parker, trustees, Lot 10F, Lake View Office Park, Building 7, $529,500.
IVOPF & G LLC to Sun Acre Corp., Portion of Lot 10-F, Lake View office Park, Building 7, $87,800.
Reed, Timothy A., to Bill D. and David S. Williams, and Shana W. Alford, Unit 605, Gulf Shores, Condominium, $395,000.
Basler, Robert and Donna, to Robert M. Basler, Portion of Section 6, Township 39s, Range 20e, $160,000.
Maglione, James I., individual and trustee, to Denise L. Myman, Lot 25, Block A, South Highland, $140,000.
Baldauf, Robert J., individual and trustee, to George Giordano, and Ronald E. Defina, and Dan Rutkowski, Lot 17, Block 208a, Re-Plat of Blocks 206, 208, Edgewood Section of Venice, $280,000.
Levine, Michael D. and Elizabeth E., to Lynn Ikkasetiem, Lot 12, Block F, Sorrento Woods, Unit 3, $253,000.
Dinkoski, Elaine A., to Jack Ajrab, Lots 18578, 18579, South Venice, Unit 70, $80,000.
Grammation, John, as personal representative, and John and Carmen, to Southbridge Restaurant Company, Unit 403, Boatyard Commercial Center Condominium, $175,000.
Poser, Charles M. and Nancy L., to Southbridge Restaurant Company, Units 404, 405, 407, Boatyard Commercial Center Condominium, $300,000.
Poser, Charles, to Southbridge Restaurant Company, Unit 501, Boatyard Commercial Center Condominium, $100,000.
Wilkinson Family to Southbridge Restaurant Company, Units 301, 302, 303, 304, 305, 306, Boatyard Commercial Center Condominium, $775,000.
Yerdonek, Lorraine, to Southbridge Restaurant Company, Unit 401, Boatyard Commercial Center Condominium, $150,000.
Ackmann, E. Wayne, to Louis S. and Mary Ann Wesler, Unit 201-C, Longboat Arms Condominium, $245,000.
Burbol, Charles J. and Linda J., and Barrett, Scott W., to Rebecca L. Burbol, Lot 62, Sunrise Golf Club Estates, $140,000.
Coates, Renee L., to Richard S. and Katherine M. Lynn, Lot 43, Beechwood Estates, $182,000.
Cypher, James H., trustee and individual, and Bonnie M., trustee and individual, to Donald E. and Linda C. Alhart, Lot 78, Amended Plat of Venice Golf and Country Club, Unit II-A, $245,000.
Draganov, Nickolas J., to Alfred and Karen Farrell, Lot 438, Desoto Lakes, Unit 7, $98,000.
Serenoa Lakes Development Inc. to Conrad Lee and Sue Ellen Penner, Lot 64, Serenoa Lakes, $99,500.
Killian, Michael F. and Elizabeth L., to Mary H. Reilly, and John J. Griffin, Lot 61, Riviera Club Village at Longwood Run, Phase II, $128,500.
Serenoa Lakes Development Inc. to Stephen John and Elizabeth Anne Baker, Gavin James and Carl Jonathan Baker, Lot 10, Serenoa Lakes, $121,500.
McCauley, Donald and Diane C., to Robert H. Jr. and Wanda Ruth Byler, Lots 15682, 15683, South Venice, Unit 59, $107,000.
Tenth Way Corp. to Ann M. Walters, Lot 62, Spring Oaks, Unit 11, $90,000.
Lllla Fountain, Richard S., to Virginia C. Elsen, Portion of Section 11, Township 40s, Range 19e, $120,000.
Brady, James L., to Mortgage Electronic Registration System Inc., Lot 113, Unit 4, Glen Oaks Country Club Estates, $77,000.
Lacy, Justin E. III and Patricia M., to John C. and Suzanne M. Southerland, Lot 62, Lakes Estates III of Sarasota, $322,500.
Metruck, Diannne and Jason C., to Julian and Constanza Carmona, Lot 1158, Lake Sarasota, Unit 12, $149,000.
Wood Street Investment Co. to Garden Terraces LLC and Avenue Park LLC, Portion of Section 29, Township 36s, Range 18e, $3,000,000.
Karl, Jean T., to Don A. Kraft, Unit 7152, Tallywood Condominium, Phase I, $92,000.
Jones, Michael E., to John M. and Marjorie L. McCall, Lot 32, Block G, Desoto Acres, $149,000.
Divosta and Company Inc. to Louis and Sheila Freitas, Lot 188, Villagewalk, Unit 1B, $241,900.
Mason, April K., to Peter and Rose Maltese, Lot 8, Southpointe Meadows, $153,000.
MBC Acquisition Corp. to Hawkeye Real Estate LLC, Lot 11-9, Block F, Homewood Park, $1,200,000.
U.S. Home Corp. to John Basamonte, Lot 93, Rivendell, Unit 3-D, The Woodlands, $364,900.
Fiore, Richard J. and Lucille A., to Sanford and Carol Cooper, Unit 2-B, Colony Beach and Tennis Club Condominium, $244,000.
Degenstein, Lore A., to B. Thomas M. Jr. and Mary Lou Smith, Lot 20, Block E, The Highlands, Unit 5, $352,800.
Smith, Thom Alan, to Jenifer K. Davis, and Brenda Perron, Portion of Lot 12, Shady Oaks Subdivision, $122,300.
Monroe, Andrew P. and Mary E., to 1520835 Ontario Inc., Lot 2, Block B, Bay Isles, Unit 2, $700,000.
Zivkovich, Milica and Rade, to Timothy J. Poisson, Lots 4, 5, Block A, Warm Mineral Springs, $135,000.
Larry Monaco Homes Inc. to Martin W. and Susan M. Dietrich, Lot 67, Laurel Meadows, $240,700.
Bell, Richard P., to Christopher F. Bolgiano, and David A. Croxford, Lot 18, Longwood Villas, Unit 1, $182,500.
Gibraltar Homes at Silver Oak LLC to Bess M. Parrish, Lot 25, Vineyards of Silver Oak, $101,500.
Marrie, Brian Thomas, to Kelly O'Marrie, Lot 306, Ridgewood Estates, Addition 1, $90,500.
Leonard, W. Grant and Deneen A., to Mart and Lori J. Solu, Lot 96, The Lakes Estates, $280,500.
Dono, Roberta T., to Sunset Limited Investments LLC, Lot 7, Block 38, Gulf Gate, Unit 8, $133,000.
Westfield Homes of Florida Inc. to Karen A. Thompkins, Lot 16, Block D, Villa Rosa, Unit 1, Subdivision, $253,500.
Collard, C. William and Ellen J., to Harriet Lynn Maxwell, Unit 415, Tregate East Condominium, $79,500.
1060515 Ontario Inc. to Gary and Debra Bergstein, Lots 12, 11, Block 10, St. Armands Division of John Ringling Estates, $2,200,000.
McLaughlin, Richard E. and Brenda, to Michael Allocco, Lot 2, Block A, Peaceful Vista Homes Subdivision, $119,500.
Robinson, Susan, individual and trustee, to Dianne M. Prairie, Lot 16, The Meadows, Unit 3, $159,000.
U.S. Home Corp. to Herbert M. Joffe, and Ann R. Benmayor, Lot 27, Block O, Bobcat Trail, Phase 2, $205,400.
Knop, Claudia B., to Bryan A. Cobb, Lot 8, Block C, Corrected and Amended Plat of Revised Plat of East Gate Terrace Subdivision, $90,500.
Benoit, Daniel W., to Clifford J. and Joan A. Beverly, Lot 42, Sabal Trace, Unit 1, Subdivision, $217,500.
Beck, Derwood E. and Margaret Z., to Larry W. and Gilda C. Branch, Lots 16197, 16198, 16199, South Venice, Unit 61, $148,000.
Kollak, Adelaide S., to Robert G. Dudley, Lot 449, Harbor Isles Condominium, Section IV, $76,000.
Suntrust Bank, trustee, to Philip L. and Patricia A. Camillo, co-trustees, Lot 13, Block B, McClellan Park, $599,000.
Freeman, James D. and Michelle L., to Mark E. and Lynda L. Wetherson, Lot 1292, Ridgewood Estates, Addition 20, $129,900.
Rabeier, Elisabeth S., to Sheela Chapman, Portion of Lots 5, 6, Block H, Granada, $175,000.
Navas, Ivana, to Jodee L. Holahan, Unit 7312, The Lakeside Club of Sarasota, Condominium, $126,500.
Prestia, Robert J. and Terrie, to Edward M. and Lori A. Everett, Lot 5, Block E, Green Acres, $130,000.
Nagy, Charles K. Jr. and Agnes M., individuals and trustees, to Robert J. and Sarah J. Gehrke, trustees, Lot 34163, Heritage Lake Estates, $236,000.
Tingle, Kristy S., to Melba Talbot, Lot 9, Block B, Siesta Heights, $136,600.
Lee, David W., and McCobb, Charlotte M., as co-personal representative, to Courtney Westlake, and Sheryl Rosen, Lot 50, Unit 3, Siesta Isles Subdivision, $328,500.
Catalano, John and Barbara, to James S. Jr. and Bernice Rogers, Unit 201, Building 53, Bird Bay V Condominium, $92,500.
Yoder, Merrill, to Steven Sanchez, Lot 11, Block D, Desoto Acres, $446,700.
Leblanc, A. Kendall and Maralee, to James G. and Karen E. Hall, Lot 151, Unit 2, Venice Acres Subdivision, $159,900.
Acorn Management LLC to Melba Talbot, Lot 19, Block B, North Vamo Subdivision, Plat 1, $133,500.
Jensen, Donna McCarthy, trustee, to Marlene E. Barry, Portion of Section 13, Township 39s, Range 18e, $325,000.
Sanquiche, Freddie S. and Sandra, to Glenn Jr. and Sandra C. Price, Lot 760, Kensington Park, Unit 6, $100,000.
Pedrero, Judy L., to Robert Rono Ronzan, Lots 3, 5, Block D, All States Park, $110,000.
Swilley, Claude and Regina, to Jeffrey and Fawn Jolly, Lot 1256, Ridgewood Estates Addition 21, $161,900.
Lapa, Alice, to Geoff and Janet Sweetsir, Lot 8, Block C, Clark Meadows, $90,000.
Hodgson, David E. and Lacey Thomas, to Lyle K. and Donna J. Shaw, Lot 50, Oak Court, Phases 2-A and 2-B, $246,000.
Arnold Development of Southwest Florida LC to Owen M. and Beverly J. Jansen, Lot 142, Villas of Sabal Trace Subdivision, $130,100.
Nohl Crest Homes Corp. to James B. and Genevieve Christophersen, Lot 17, Block B, Heron Creek, Unit 1, $243,100.
Lytzki, Kirk K., to Douglas and Jill M. Mersek, Lot 15, Block 39, Venice East, Addition 3, $108,900.
Crissy, Bruce M. Sr., to Francis P. DeJoseph, trustee, Unit 2243, Building 5, Terraces of Forest Lakes Condominium, $160,000.
Fried, Katarina, to Bradley W. Smith Jr., Unit 1213, Renaissance I Condominium, $330,500.
Rivendell Joint Venture to U.S. Home Corp., Lot 48, Rivendell, Unit 3-D, The Woodlands, Lots 90, 98, Rivendell, Unit 5, The Woodlands, $211,000.
Levy, Daniel H. and Gayle H., to Scott L. and Kate Petersen, Lot 14, Block A, Sabal Cove Subdivision, $1,700,000.
McLain, Christine F., to Christine F. and Virginia R. McLain, Lot 5, Block E, Oyster Bay Estates, $136,100.
Eldridge, David L. Sr. and Debra K., to James and Joan Sheridan, Lot 46, Serenoa, $408,000.
Spaugh, Stephen L. and Sandra E., to Ralph V. and June M. Kinney, trustees, Unit 320, Building 22, Farmington Vistas at the Plantation Condominium, $114,900.
Nason, June M., to Carmen T. Castro, Lot 50, Cedar Creek, Unit IV Amended, $137,000.
Dudley, Naomi N., to Leonard G. Ball, Lot 644, Kensington Park, Unit 5, $103,000.
Palmer, Samuel and Lucille, to Richard O. and Barbara J. Kelso, Unit V-108, Strathmore Riverside Villas, Section 1, Condominium, $122,900.
Stewart, Shirley, to John A. Langmann, Unit 518, Section 5, South Gate Village Green Condominium, $110,000.
Story, Bobby N. and Olivia D., to Eric H. and Elizabeth A. Blackmon, Lot 11, Block R, Ridgewood, Addition 1, $100,000.
Manley, Jeffrey D., to Deborah R. Xlinger, Lot 7, Block 66, South Gate, Unit 17, $135,000.
Anthony, Steven R., and Calhoun, Shane A., to Lisa Siegfried Bohn, Lot 204, Ridgewood Estates, Addition 15, $110,000.
Cloud, John V. and Diana W., to Donald M. and Sandra B. Snyder, Portion of Lots 1, 7, Hansen Subdivision, $2,225,000.
Grove, James C., and Day, J. Robert, to Jeffrey A. Struehtemeyer, and Darren C. Rivers, Lot 9, Block 8, Village Green Estates, Unit B, $175,000.
Harris, Leslie S., individual and trustee, and Patricia, to John W. Curley, Unit 423, Stoneybrook Verandas, $203,000.
Kauffman Family Partnership 1 LTD to Courthouse Centre of Sarasota LTD, Portion of Lots 23, 25, 27, 29, 31, 33, 35, 37, 39, Block C, Revised Plat of Court House Subdivision, Lots 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38, 40, Block C, Revised Plat of Court House Subdivision, $4,015,600.
Cendant Mobility Financial Corp. to Zelda J. Schadt, Lot 6, Serenoa Lakes, $390,000.
Rose, Elaine K. and Christine M. and Dennis W., to Ronald and Constance Stonebreaker, Lot 7, Block C, Country Club Shores, Unit 3, Section 1, $575,000.
Haynes, Scott R. and Alma F., to Barry J. Mangels, Portion of Lots 690, 691, Desoto Lakes, Unit 12, $150,000.
Murphy, Frank P., as personal representative, to Chris Lundberg, Lot 1746, Venice Gardens, Unit 28, $85,000.
Wisdom, Howard Lynn, to Linda Fiori, Unit 1212, The Condominium on the Bay, Tower II Condominium, $570,000.
Howard, Robert G. Jr. and Theresa P., and Bruin, Ann H., to Palm Avenue Investments LLC, Lots 2, 8, Resub Lot 14, Block A, Plat of Sarasota, Lots 3, 8, Resub Lot 14, Block A, Plat of Sarasota, $164,300.
Williams, Frederick G., to Arthur S. and Lindsay A. Wardman, Unit M2-309-A, Seaplace V, Condominium, $485,000.
Johnson, Leonard A., to Elliott and Elizabeth O. Stevens, Lot 489, Overbrook Gardens, Unit 4, $145,000.
Durakis, George J. and Monica J., to R. Craig Adams, Lot 4, Block 23, Bird Key Subdivision, $910,000.
Jacobsen, Jeffrey L., to Troy and Amy B. Robinson, Portion of Lot 2, Block 29, Sarasota Beach Subdivision, $400,000.
Clayton, Robert Y. and Chong A., to Janet Y. Beaumont, and Denise A. Samson-Berntsen, Unit 6102, Bayou House Apartments Condominium, $120,000.
Centex Homes to Sydney C. and Veronica M. Love, Lot 5, Block I, Tatum Ridge, $255,100.
Centex Homes to Robert and Katerina H. Versovsky, Lot 16, Block D, Tatum Ridge, $158,300.
Redden, Mary Grace, trustee and individual, to Karl W. and Margaret Kurz, Unit 101, Building 53, Bird Bay V Condominium, $87,000.
Sklar, Robert E., to Ioan P. and Camella A. Albu, Lot 1326, Venice Gardens Subdivision, Unit 29, $118,000.
Denco Properties (Florida) Inc. to Herbert E. Dunnington, trustee, Unit 202, Building 4, Bouchard Gardens, Phase 1, Condominium, $383,300.
Daniels, Christopher B. and Margo A., to Alan H. Hamm, and Carey C. Beachy, Lot 4, Block B, Sarasota Highlands Subdivision, $104,900.
Arlia, Albert P., to Alexander A. and Gloria H. Knox, Unit 8, Model E, Center Gate Estates Village Condominium, Section II, $161,500.
Bowditch, Edwin A. and Dorothy E., individuals and co-trustees, to Results Inc., Lots 13, 14, Block 1, St. Armands Division of John Ringling Estates, $1,700,000.
Lutz, John C. and Barbara J., to Hans J. and Dana L. Mobius, Lot 4, Sarasota Ranch Club, $205,000.
Weaver, Danny A. and Donna M., to Ryan and Kimberly Schrag, Lot 5, Tangled Oaks Subdivision, $190,000.
Klauber and Botti Inc. to H and P Realty Group LLC, Lots 6, 8, Block 5, Plat of Sarasota, $750,000.
Nelson, Anton M., to Kyle Haughey, Lot 12, Center Gate Estates, Unit 1, Phase 1-A, $169,000.
Keesecker, Robert B. and Neva J., to Monika Salih, Lot 4, Block A, Matheny Subdivision, $282,000.
Bradfield, Frances, to Jill N. Baruch, Unit 28, Building 5, Arboreal, Phase II Condominium, $115,900.
Gustas, Ronald A. and Diane R., to Diane R. Gustas, Lot 25, Shadow Oaks Estates Subdivision, $80,500.
Olympia Development Group Inc. to The Milman Familyn Limited Partnership, Portion of Section 1, Township 37s, Range 18e, $5,142,500.
Rent to Own of Sarasota Inc. to Sean and Stacey Cheeseman, Lot 5, Creek Lane Subdivision, Number 2, $84,000.
Zaher Investment Group Inc. to Agim and Rudma Kodra, Lot 2319, Park Trace Estates, $250,900.
Igicar, Smiljka, to Lance D. Wiegand, Lot 22, Block B, Kew Gardens, $85,000.
Barber, Donald and Joanne, to David M. and Anne M. Holland, Lot 1, Aqualane Estates, Unit 2, $1,880,000.
Miller, Stanley G., trustee, to Kenneth J. and Agnes M. Borden, Unit 237, Building F, Bella Costa, Unit II Condominium, $140,000.
Zaloudek, Mark F., to Ruth D. Ezekiel, Unit 3367, Crooked Creek, Section 7 Condominium, $87,500.
O'Day, Florian V., trustee, to Jerome E. and Barbara Ann O'Day, Portion of Block E, Palm Grove Subdivision, $85,000.
U.S. Home Corp. to Jerry D. and Joan H. Cauley, trustees, Lot 227, Heritage Oaks Golf and Country Club, Unit 1, $269,800.
U.S. Home Corp. to Craig A. and Donna M. Soper, Lot 10, Rivendell, Unit 4-A, The Woodlands, $256,100.
U.S. Home Corp. to Sarah R. Whetstone-McSweeney, Lot 117, Heritage Oaks Golf and Country Club, Unit XII, $326,600.
U.S. Home Corp. to Vaalana Mitchell, and Barbara Walrath, Lot 3803, Block 38, Heritage Oaks Golf and Country Club, Unit XIV, $202,000.
Morrison Homes of Florida Inc. to Josefina Dolores T. Fenix, Lot 64, Meadow Walk, $212,400.
Berger, Matthew, and Georgi, Kamara, to Carol E. Wilder, Lot 30, Block 2, Bird Key Subdivision, $450,000.
Jack Horner Construction Inc. to Patrick M. O'Brien, Lot 7, Giannini Place, Phase 2, $266,500.
Heater, R. Brian and Vanessa, to Scott W. Barrett, Lot 91, Palm Lakes Subdivision, $109,000.
McNabb, Robert C. and Susan W., to Benjamin L. and Sharon H. Kunkel, Lot 25, Shenandoah, $235,200.
Methven, Robert J., to Ruby M. Huggins, Portion of Section 16, Township 38s, Range 18e, $2,000,000.
Millette, Selma A., and Fullwood, Joseph H., to Daniel A. and Susie S. Beiler, and David P. and Beverly A. Beiler, Lot 23, Block N, Unit 8, Forest Lakes Country Club Estates, $220,000.
Jahr, Richard T. and Joan M., to Peter E. and Nancy S. Schuchard, Lot 11, Block A, Calusa Lakes, Unit 1, $299,000.
Kane, Elizabeth S. L., trustee, to Paul and Suzanna M. Hartzler, Lot 289, The Estates of Chestnut Creek III, $230,000.
Waterford Land Company Inc. to Charles F. and Rosalind Cunningham, Unit 2203, L'Pavia Condominium, $109,900.
Rand, Irvin Jerome, to Thomas L. and Celeste Parks, Lot 5, Block 5, Bird Key Subdivision, $399,000.
Rivendell Cottage Holdings LLC to Lawrence P. Jr. and Carolyn B. Ruckert, Lot 82, Rivendell, Unit 1, $202,300.
Lengacher, Larry D. and Paula, to James and Gillian Whatmore, Lots 1, 3, Block B, Brunks Addition to The City of Sarasota, $145,000.
Mase, Jeffrey R. and Cheryl L, to Jennifer A. Almeida, Lot 19, Greenfield, $199,000.
JP Special Enterprises LLC to James E. and Verna K. Gibson, Lots 24, 25, Block B, Mira Mar Subdivision, $450,000.
Badger, James K. and Carolynn I., to Zvonko and Anka A. Cabo, Unit 806, Phase 1, Casarina Condominium, $600,000.
Grand River Real Estate Corp. to Jack L. Shelton, Parcel 24, Sarasota Polo Club, $850,000.
Denco Properties Florida Inc. to Rachel L. Soucy, and Paul D. Woods, and Katherine R. Panaia, Unit 202, Building 12, Bouchard Gardens, Phase 2, Condominium, $240,000.
Eppard, Walter C., to Valzal Enterprises LLC, Lots 3, 5, Block C, North Audubon Place, $85,000.
Florida Budget Realty LLC to Good Homes of Manasota Inc., Lot 1099, Sarasota Springs, Unit 10 Subdivision, $82,500.
Phillips, Casey M. and Cheryl A., to Kenneth R. and Lynn M. Fromer, Lot 33071, Venice Gardens Subdivision, Unit 33, $155,000.
Rambo, Sarasota E., to Gladys Hamilton, trustee, Unit 1216, Pinestone at Palmer Ranch 12, Condominium, $138,000.
O'Donnell, Thomas J. and Patrick B., to Joan Castellani, Unit 1502, Building 1, Sunset Beach of Longboat Key, Condominium, $519,000.
Sarasota Renaissance II to Frederick James Costin, Unit 1512, Renaissance I Condominium, $195,000.
Neely, L. Melvin and Barbara A., to James D. and Janice L. Reckard, Lot 46, The Preserve At Misty Creek, Unit 4, $389,000.
Chapman, Vicki R., and Harfield, Glenna A., to John F. Jr. and Virginia H. Gill, Lot 57, Block 1, Village Green Club Estates, Unit A, $230,000.
Yull, Gregory A. and Lara V., to Joel H. and Lynn S. Smolka, Lot 9, Torreya Subdivision, $572,500.
Costin, Fred J., to Jeffrey Innocenti, Unit 1924, Pinestone at Palmer Ranch 19, Condominium, $178,500.
Knuckles, Jeffrey J., to CDCT Investments Inc., Portion of Tract 108, Venice Groves, $1,100,000.
Kurz, Raymond C. and Ha N., to Michael T. and Diane M. Robbins, Lot 12, Paddocks West, $180,000.
Midboe, Kathleen I., to Beatrice Sears, Unit 15, Crestwood Villas of Sarasota Condominium, Section II, $185,900.
Jacobson, Karl E. III, to Frank C. Mercurio, and Faith Elwing, Lot 9, Palm Isles, $269,000.
Lanning, L. Jeanne, trustee, to Stephen R. and Sheryl L. Lanning, Portion of Section 11, Township 37s, Range 18e, $269,000.
Kepecz, Steven, to Carter U. and L. Teza Lord, Lots 40, 42, 44, Block C, Washington Park, $260,000.
Hausch, James P. and Elizabeth J., to Kristine D. Davis, Lot 87, Bent Tree Village Subdivision, $225,000.
Lynn, Kenneth D., individual and trustee, to Doris C. Lloyd, Lot 25, Ashley Oaks, $162,000.
Crem Enterprises Inc. to The Platinum Group Inc., Lot 20, Sarasota County Interstate Business Center-North, Phase 1, $375,000.
Meyer, Madeleine C., individual and trustee, to Henry A. III and Pauline A. Monsen, Unit 704, Whispering Sands Condominium Village, Section 7, $425,000.
Sacharow, Allan, as personal representative, to Sheila Marie Martin, Villa V-245, Strathmore Villas Condominium, Section 3, $132,000.
McCoy, Lowell L. and Frances S., to Daniel C. and Sally J. Yoder, Lots 26, 28, 30, Myakka Country, $75,000.
Robbins, Michael T. and Diane M., to Philip J. Anderson, and Amy L. Wright, Lot 6, Block A, First Addition to Cedar Grove, $135,000.
Fields, Evelyn Linguanti, individual and trustee, and William, to Patricia A. Burrer, Unit 1005, Essex House Condominium, $410,000.
Cooper, Kelly Ann, to Greg C. Hemmerick, Unit 20, Beekman Lakes Condominium, $170,500.
Carlson, Robert H. and Maria M., to Jessie K. Nixon, Lot 242, Sarasota Springs, Unit 2 Subdivision, $129,000.
Arbuckle, Larry K., and Shelton, Jack L., to The Dream in the Sky Inc., Portion of Section 4, Township 36s, Range 19e, $750,000.
Ayres, Robert D., and Annette Gillespie, to Nancy C. Arnold, Lot 636, Kensington Park, Unit 5, $105,000.
Deninger, Charles P. and Barbara C., to Peter Charles and Laura Deninger, Portion of Block H, Resub Rio Vista, $76,800.
Norris, Donald J. and Beverly M., to Richard J. and Cheryl L. Brand, Lot 174, Waterford Tract K, Phase 3, $305,000.
Pilch, Douglas, and Mullin, Linda, to Charles E. and Marilyn S. Crocker, Lot 15, Block 14, Unit III, Pinebrook South, $194,000.
Trotter Homes Inc. to George and Jacqueline Wileman, Lot 66, Whitestone at Southwood, Unit II, Phase III, $213,700.
Kelly, Gregory L. and Ann Marie, to Charles A. Malkerson, and Carolyn B. Hall II, Lot 17, Gulf Shores 2, $365,000.
Bairos, Ronald C. and Elina C., to Jerry and Jacquelyn S. Dunning, co-trustees, Lot 29, Bent Tree Village Subdivision, Unit 3, $550,000.
Sullivan, Frank O. and Joan T., to Robert J. Hamilton, and Cornella Hill, Unit 502, Gulf Shores Condominium, $365,000.
Blake, Richard J. and Cheryl, to Paul A. and Priscilla F. Nichols, Unit 593, Harbor Isles Condominium, Section 4, $78,000.
Gordon, Anna N. and Valentina and Alexandra, and Stasiuk, Tamara, to Roy L. and Jill M. Kosobucki, Lot 13, Block 25, Warm Mineral Springs, Unit 82, Subdivision, $95,000.
Miller, J. Fred III, individual and trustee, and Angela M., to Toscany Land Acquisition Company LLC, Portion of Government Lot 1, Section 26, Township 38s, Range 18e, $1,600,000.
Tak Construction Corp. to David H. and Lorna M. and Kelly Abercrombie, Lot 1046, Lake Sarasota, Unit 12, $144,000.
Cowan, Loretta J., to Matthew D. and Kelly M. Sims, Portion of Lots 12, 13, Colony Lake Subdivision, Unit 1, $163,400.
Navarra on the Key LLC to Helen R. Perez, Unit 5235-B, Navarra On The Key Condominium, $100,800.
McNally, Todd J., to Samuel Adelstein, Lot 48, Block A, Georgetown, Unit 2, $155,000.
Solu, Mart and Lori, to John and Margaret Zachary, Lot 110, Saddle Creek, Unit 3, $370,000.
Hargrove, Barbara M., to Denis and Mary A. O'Connor, Lot 221, Bent Tree Village, $196,000.
White, Shirley D., and Mathers, Sammie P., co-trustees, to Richard W. Sieb, Unit 9, Building A, Imperial Place Condominium, $75,000.
Davis, Charles E., to Laura B. Lapidus, Lot 2051, Sarasota Springs, Unit 17, $109,900.
Centex Homes to Jeffrey R. Mase, Lot 29, Block J, Tatum Ridge, $306,600.
Divosta and Company Inc. to Marilyn M. and Richard P. Grossman, Lot 112, Villagewalk, Unit 1B, $308,900.
Roettele, Donald L. and Dorothy L., to Ulla Searing-Dupont, trustee, Unit 72, Tessera Condominium, $1,650,000.
Lacey, Timothy, and Deborah, to Fred Bryan and Kim Urbuteit, Lot 38, Block C, Sorrento Shores, Unit 4, $370,000.
Peninsula Property Holdings Inc. to Shouha Inc., Lot 3, Block 10, Lots 2, 3, Block 11, Lot 3, Block 12, Lots 1, 4, Block 13, Bobcat Villas, Phase 2, Subdivision, $741,000.
Tremmmewan, Paul G. and Glenda, to John T. and Margaret E. Almond, Lot 17, Arbor Oaks, $225,000.
Golov, Joseph and Ruth C., individuals and trustees, to Todd M. Hess, Portion of Lots 26, 27, Block 9, St. Armands Division of The John Ringling Estates, $1,100,000.
Divanna, Frank, to Diane L. Derome, Lots 20, 18, Block O, Cottage In The Pines, $124,000.
Forbes, Nancy A., to Troy Paulson, and Kim Flerlage, Lot 16, Block F, Coral Cove, Unit 1, $224,900.
Dorf, Julian A. and Joan M., to R. A. Walling, Unit 404, Building 4, Harbour Oaks At Longboat Key Club, Condominium, $300,000.
Frey, Robert C. and Debra D., to John V. and Sandra J. Heires, Lot 6, Laurel Oak Estates, Section 1, $580,000.
Burton, Ralph and Margaret, to Hazel A. Mikalonis, Unit 76, Strathmore Villa Condominium Apartments, $78,500.
Manatee Ventures Inc. to Morrison Homes Inc., Lots 31, 64, 65, 80, Summerwood II, $183,000.
Sunvest Enterprises Inc. to Jeffrey Scott Boykin, Lots 271, 269, Nokomis Manor Nature's Park, $109,000.
Miller, Mark and Elizabeth, to Kevin and Tammy Dever, Lot 15, Block A, Lot 16, Block A, Broadway Subdivision, $170,000.
Divosta and Company Inc. to Arthur A. Prutsalls, Lot 102, Villagewalk, Unit 1B, $324,800.
Pflaum, Fred S., and Freda Wagner, to Patrick J. and Laurie H. Doyle, Portion of Lot 13, Re-Sub Blocks 1, 2, 3, 4, Roberts Point, $1,175,000.
O'Brien, Patrick Michael, to Ronald and Elina Bairos, Lot 19, Block C, Villa Rosa, Unit I, $239,000.
Zuniga, Ramon and Veronica, to William R. Sr. and Reba V. Garrison, Lot 37, Block G, South Gate Ridge, Unit 3, $124,000.
Whitehead, Philip H. and Caroline S., to Richard A. and Diane M. Higgins, Unit 316, Building 9, Phase II, Pine Hollow Condominium, $97,500.
The Venice Foundation Inc., trustee, to Daniel W. Schaffner, Lot 15, Block B, Unit 1, Country Club Estates, $275,000.
Levin, A. Elizabeth, to Fred Allen Tyre, Lot 2, Longwood Villas, Unit 1, $142,500.
Williams, Jarvis L. and Eleanor S., to Robert and Barbara Schaal, Unit 18, Chatsworth Greene Condominium, $263,000.
Oldenburg, Frances C., to Metzger Properties Inc., Lot 1004, Sarasota Springs, Unit 9, $116,000.
Eaches, Gary G. and Jennifer J., to Emmanuel Fanourakis, Lot 102, Town and Country Estates, Unit 2, $150,000.
Steiner, Donald G. and Bianca, to Terrance W. and Marie Alden, Portion of Section 2, Township 38s, Range 18e, $254,000.
Schmitt, Jane A., and Roark, Patrick J. and Diana Mary, to Richard J. and Lucille A. Flore, Unit G4-310-D, Seaplace III Condominium, $328,000.
Busch, Jacob A. and Jacqueline D., to Ellen K. Nelson, Lot 101, Kensington Park, Unit 2, $103,000.
Hegener, Allen J. and Lora L., to Michael B. and Sheryl A. Edwards, Lot 80, Laurel Oak Estates, Section 2, $525,000.
Barthard, Kenneth W. and Linda D., to Shaun P. Cumston, Lot 559, Kensington Park, Unit 5, $105,000.
Paland, Ronald A. and Mary Jane, to Susan A. Hughes, Unit 49, Springlake Condominium, $127,000.
Stives, Douglas, and Hekker, Lois M., individuals and co-trustees, to Stephen Breen, and Tammy L. Orban, U.S. Lot 2, Section 26, Township 38s, Range 18e, $170,000.
Casey, William and Pamala, to Bridget Spence, Unit 313, Brookside Condominium, $87,500.
Bassett, Kenneth William and Janet H., to Robert H. and Patricia S. Harkins, Portion of Section 2, Township 39s, Range 18e, $535,000.
Lefevre, Thomas J., to Carmela Davano, and Cynthia D'Atria, Lot 9, Block B, Portion of Lot 8, Block B, Holiday Harbor, Unit 1, $225,000.
Davidovich, Igor A. and Nelli, and Trexler, John and Larina, to Michael and June M. Hoop, Unit 45A, Summerside Condominium, $81,000.
Caithness Construction Inc. to John C. and Helen A Pape, Lot 16, Preserve at Mission Valley, $140,000.
Caithness Construction Inc. to Richard J. and Janet H. Hazen, Lot 17, Preserve at Mission Valley, $140,000.
Anderson, Betty L., to Mary E. Morgan, Lot 558, Venice Gardens, Unit 10, $95,000.
Land Trust Service Corp., trustee, to Karen O'Connell, Lots 14185, 14189, South Venice, Unit 54, $180,800.
Southwick, Phyllis, to Beth J. Ferris, Lot 681, Venice Gardens, Unit 11, $149,500.
Russell, Lavonn and Marlalice L., to Martin and Jenny Bregman, Unit 222, Building M, Bird Bay II Condominium, $122,500.
Fuss, Peter S., to Duane and Jean Colegrove, Lot 800, Englewood Gardens, Unit 3, $75,000.
Stiers, Elizabeth, to Thomas and Patty Monaghan, Lots 1, 2, Block 176, South Venezia Park Section of Venice, $190,000.
Hudson, Orville, to Terri and Robin F. Kieser, Lot 118, Sunset Beach, Unit 1, $106,400.
Edwards, Raymond L. and Sally L., to Todd J. and Angelic C. Prinsen, Lot 1012, Addition 18, Ridgewood Estates, $127,000.
Anderson, Richard E. and Lisa S., to Abraham A. Sr. and Emma L. Abreo, Lot 8, Serenoa Lakes, $496,000.
Engel, Amy M. and Charles C., and Morrison, Mary L., to Kenneth E. King Jr., and Elyse A. Ferragamo, Lot 364, Venice Gardens, Unit 6, $100,000.
Lennar Homes Inc. to Lynn S., and Milford J. Inganamort, Lot 90, Barton Farms, Unit 1, $270,000.
Millard, Kevin C. and Patricia J., to Wallace A. and Carol A. Kooyman, Lot 116, The Preserve at Misty Creek, Unit 2, $420,000.
Babiarz, Frank and Vicki, to Michael A. and Jill B. Babiarz, Lot 1074, Kensington Park, Unit 9, $75,000.
Van Antwerp, Danna, to William E. Snell, Lot B, Block 29, Southgate, Unit 9, $149,000.
Daniello, Carmine, to Michael and Andrea Seager, Lots 22, 23, Block D, James S. Hall's Subdivision, $289,000.
Lennar Homes Inc. to Maria A. and David Alan Walker, Lot 88, Barton Farms, Unit 1, $351,600.
Boutwell, Sherri L., to Kevin M. and Edith H. Kelly, Lot 148, Unit 2, Venice Acres Subdivision, $245,000.
Shipman, Kempton N. and Claire M., to Richard and Doris Reddington, Portion of Section 36, Township 38s, Range 18e, $175,000.
Devaney, Everett M. and Elizabeth, to Jennifer Yankowski, Lot 40, Denham Acres, Unit 1, $108,000.
Hajroja, Susan and Majdin, to Sherri L. Boutwell, Lots 25, 26, Block A, Warm Mineral Springs, Unit 63, $78,000.
Levanti, Kenneth R. and Sheree Lynn, to Kenneth C. Webber, Lot 8, Block 88, South Gate, Unit 22, $160,000.
Ciancio, Dominick, to Leora E. Douglas, Lots 8798, 8799, 8800, Unit 31, South Venice, $110,000.
Rochette, Frederick H. and Mary M., trustees, and individuals, to Earl L. and Neva J. Pigeon, Lot 24, Ashley Place, $170,000.
Hansen, George F. and Winifred L., to James J. and Anicka G. Rodgers, Lot 18, Shore Oaks, $420,000.
Steve Lawrence Homes Inc. to Sara J. Bender, Lot 20, Colony Groves, $158,000.
Anderson, David C. and Patricia M., to Katharine M. Weist, Lot 445, Venice Golf and Country Club, Unit II-E, $272,500.
Mitchell, David M., to Oculus Inc., Portion of Lots 37, 39, Block 2, Plat of Sarasota, $500,000.
Hunt, Marilyn S., trustee, to Bradford J. and Sarah A. Gothard, Lot 360, Desoto Lakes, Unit 6, $129,900.
Calcorzi, Julio and Teresa, to Richard and Denise Bobbitt, Lot 1644, Lake Sarasota, Unit 18, $135,000.
Warren, John and Patricia and Gaye, Donna M., to D and K Holdings LLC, Lot 12, Block A, Wildwood Gardens Subdivision, $116,500.
Pflug, Maureen A., to Michele Marks, Unit 524, Sorrento Villas, Section 5, Condominium, $127,500.
Merkousko, Henry and Carol A. and Craig A., to Thomas A. Moseley, Lot 2, Block 4, East Gate, Unit 1, $120,500.
Colon, Jose A., and Ramirez, Norma, to Gary G. and Jennifer J. Eaches, Lot 21, Country Manor, Unit 1, $225,100.
Klein, Peter F., and Elkheart, Pallas Eugenia, to James C. and Brenda F. Nelms, Lot 30, Parcel I, Parcels I and J, at Turtle Rock, $487,500.
Smith, Scott H., to Mark Bettis, Lot 11, Block B, McClellan Park, $350,000.
Almeida, Jennifer A., to Robert H. and Suzanne M. Hughes, Lot 87, Barton Farms, Unit I, $300,000.
Benz, John S. and Tracy L., to David and Michelle Watts, Lot 508, Ridgewood Estates Addition 6, $120,000.
The Wolfman Corp. to Tavin A. Kaminsky, Lot 83, Southbay Yacht and Racquet Club, $142,700.
Snyder, Donald M. and Sandra B., to Donald C. Jr. and Allison A. Fee, Lot 15, Westbrook Subdivision, $1,075,000.
O'Connor, Denis and Mary, to Adolfo M. and Eva L. Valenzuela, Lot 1791, Sarasota Springs, Unit 15, $96,500.
Petitto, Steven and Flora, to Joseph C. and Kimberly R. Peters, Lot 64, Desoto Lakes, Unit 3, $140,100.
Divosta and Company Inc. to Richard A. Rose, trustee, Lot 158, Villagewalk, Unit 1B, $258,900.
Noe, Jeanne L., individual and trustee, to P and S Properties Inc., Lots 21, 23, 25, Block H, Addition 1 to Roseland Park, $270,000.
Srivastva, Suresh and Indira, to Eric J. Ried, and Alka Frivastva, Unit 606, Fairway Woods, Section 2 Condominium, $210,000.
Alvanos, Costas S. and Edna T., to Sam and Marilyn Mondry, Lot 166, Glen Oaks Manor Homes, Phase 2, $145,000.
Hegge, Ronald E. and Kathleen G., to David and Margaret Seng, Lot 47, The Preserve at Misty Creek, Unit 5, Phase 1, $378,000.
Champiny, Dawn M., to Harry S. and Lynne P. Hammond, Lot 27, Bent Tree Village, Unit 2, $310,000.
Waltz, Paul D. Jr. and Jennifer, to John P. and Sandra G. Antico, Lot 103, Oaks I, Plat of Oaks, $675,000.
Mondry, Sam and Marilyn, individuals and trustees, to Dean A. and Jane M. Denman, Lots 13, 15, Block C, Desota Park, $499,000.
Divosta and Company Inc. to David Francis and Eleanore Anna Carroll, Lot 103, Villagewalk, Unit 1B, $318,500.
Divosta and Company Inc. to Alvin and Janice D. Frankel, Lot 159, Villagewalk, Unit 1B, $258,900.
Westfield Homes of Florida Inc. to Lora E. Rush, Lot 4, Block B, Villa Rosa, Unit 1, Subdivision, $217,300.
Doering, R. Earl and Ronetti, to Lisa Ashley Tichenor, Unit 11, Hudson Oaks Condominium, $189,000.
Clapp, David A., individual and trustee, and Bonner, Dorothy A., and Clapp, Steven W., to Altom M. and Jennifer G. Maglio, Lot 5, The Booth Preserve, $190,000.
Snider, Sharon, trustee, to Gordon R. and Carol A. Robinson, Unit 116, Mansota Beach Gardens, Building 1, Condominium, $128,000.
Parker, Thelma I. and Robert T., to Elaine A. Squires, Lot 7, Englewood Isles, Unit 6, $225,000.
Isaacs, Delbert K. and Victoria, to Andrew and Sarah Keck, Lot 50, Cedar Creek, Unit II, $172,500.
Teleflex Inc. to Bher Family Limited Partnership, Lots 47, 48, 49, 50, 69, 70, Eastern Industrial Park, Section II, $1,700,000.
Clayton, Wayne F. and Laurie C., and Cookish, Michael S. and Deborah D., to Wayne E. Reeves, Unit 120, Pine Run Condominium, Section II, $112,500.
Dandie Investments LLC to Jill E. Wenning, Lot 362, Pelican Pointe Golf and Country Club, Unit 7B, $189,900.
Schmalzbach, Sandra M., to Gerald A. Hearl, Unit 65, Palm Villas Condominium, $135,000.
Daniels, Roy Thomas and Gloria Jane, to Michela Hawkins, trustee, Unit 7005, Tallywood, Phase I Condominium, $80,000.
Werner, Imogene B., to Laeeqa K. Ross, Unit 517, South Gate Village Green Condominium, Section 5, $100,000.
Larkin, Sean P. and Devon W., to Rudy W. Phillippes, Lots 1, 2, Block D, Rustic Lodge Subdivision, $139,000.
Anger, H. Rodger, individual and trustee, to Sharon A. Powers, Lot 28, Brenner Park, $268,000.
King, Doris and Peter, to David M. Strand, Lot 5, Lake Park, $375,000.
Dion, Jean, and Menard, Jeanne, to Glen H. and Diane W. Griffin, Lot 49, Parcel A-1, Turtle Rock, Unit 1, $275,000.
Castellano, Joseph F. and Cecillia M., to Joan E. Hauck, Lot 69, The Meadows, Unit 4, 4135,000.
Flanagan, Michael J. and Jessica D., to Thomas A. and Robert R. Lopez, Lots 8327, 8328, 8329, South Venice, Unit 30, $112,500.
Marple, Walter L. and Karen J., to John and Cherie Sleyter, Lot 71, Villagewalk, Unit 1A, $335,000.
Hildebrand, John C. Jr. and Julie Lynn and William Laird and Cynthia, to Bamboo Homes of Florida Inc., Lot 8, Point Crisp Addition, $850,000.
Westfield Homes of Florida Inc. to Colette Eppinger, Lot 14, Block D, Villa Rosa, Unit 1, Subdivision, $287,900.
Donooghue, Jane E., trustee, to Marjory L. Lasita, Unit 326, Baywood Colony Garden Apartments Condominium, $80,000.
Hall, Benjamin F., to William Scott and Danielle Larimer, Lot 1222, Lake Sarasota, Unit 13, $170,000.
Siers, Scott and Rebecca B., to Cendant Mobility Financial Corp., Lot 2, Block I, Cherokee Park, $749,000.
Landauer, Robert S. Jr., individual, and Janice, trustee, to Adrienne Bank, trustee, Unit 31, Sarabande Condominium, $825,000.
Elenius, Kenneth J. and Carol T., to Cendant Mobility Financial Corp., Lot 4, Block C, South Gate Ridge, Unit 2, $134,900.
Cendant Mobility Financial Corp. to Nanette W. and Greg Dolby, Lot 4, Block C, South Gate Ridge, Unit 2, $134,900.
Jackson Hewitt Investment Services Inc. to Sarasota Land.Com Inc., Lot 8, Block 27, Resub Blocks 23, 27, Town of Sarasota, $168,000.
Wagner, Jeffrey F., to Richard H. and Julie Kiser Waldman, Unit 1604, The Condominium on the Bay Tower I, $500,000.
Sarasota Renaissance II to Vincent B. and Barbara B. Cimino, Unit 410, Renaissance I Condominium, $115,000.
Quirk, Quentin T. and Marlene A., to Michael and Maryane Lloyd, Unit 220, Capri West, Phase E, Condominium, $114,000.
Pell, Edward L. and Janet, to Katherine L. and Paul L. Gerhardt, Lots 10, 12, Block L, Ridgewood Subdivision, $165,000.
Olszeski, Judith Ann, to Roobin D. Stephenson, Unit 3267-204, Village Brooke Condominium 3, $94,700.
Walgreen Co. to Shreya Investments Inc., Portion of Section 1, Township 37s, Range 18e, $975,000.
Gadah, Anthony and Souad, to George F. Drury Inc., Portion of Section 22, Township 39s, Range 19e, $410,000.
Riley, Lawrence M. and Linda L., to Alberta L. Kennard, Lot 89, Deer Creek, Unit 2, $400,000.
Harzer, Manfred, to Manfred Harzer, and Elizabeth Levin, Lot 53, Southfield Subdivision, Unit 1, $88,000.
Rasmussen, Marc, to Sarkis Konsulian, Lot 21, Tarpon Point, Unit 1, Subdivision, $124,000.
Hansen, Laura Anna, to Gerald R. Brown, Lots 15, 13, 11, Block 18, Addition 3 to Bay Vista Boulevard Section of Englewood, $115,500.
Soriano, Carol G., to Christopher Manning, Lots 8733, 8734, South Venice, Unit 31, $115,000.
Middleton, Dillon R. and Judith Estelle, to Brian W. Hennies, and Rosemary Pokorny, Lots 10965, 10966, South Venice, Unit 41, $120,000.
Rolls, Ashley Dinneen, as guardian, to Garbo Brothers LC, Lot 5, Paulsen Place, $430,000.
Klein, Reinhold, to Gerald Wayne and Susan Henry Ham, Portion of Section 5, Township 37s, Range 19e, $82,100.
Kennard, Alberta L. and Kenneth C., to George A. and Leroy F. Manor, Unit 401, Building A, Bay Tree Club Condominium, $400,000.
Zimonyi, Ivan L. and Pilar S., to Maureen Pino, Unit 504, Building C, Bay Tree Club Condominium, $349,900.
Lewis, Ruth P., trustee and individual, to Gordon K. and Vernona Johnson, Lot 107, Myakka Valley Ranches, Unit 3, $150,000.
Katzenberger, Martin and Beverly, to Scott Bossard, Lot 12, Tuttle Heights, $146,500.
Abercrombie, Kelly, to Esprin and Maduray P. Reddy, Unit 15, Villa Le Grand, Condominium, $120,000.
Gault, Robert K. Jr., and Shannon Bolser, to George L. and Cheryl J. Pintea, Lot 3, Block G, Country Club Shores, Unit 5, Section 2, $1,064,000.
Westlake, Jason S. and Jennifer, to Bonnie L. Pickerill, Lots 1428, 1429, South Venice, Unit 5, $105,000.
Mayhood, Malinda L., to Christopher J. and Ashley Maddox, Lot 7, Block 150, South Gate Subdivision, Unit 35, $163,500.
Hayden, J. Gierri, to Evelyn Glassner Leffel, Lot 74, Glen Oaks Manor Homes, Phase I, $142,400.
Ninchritz, Barbara A., to Jeff Decola, and Helen K. Shaw, Lot 772, Venice Gardens, Unit 14, $115,000.
Collins, Norma Jean, to Jon Chisholm, and Stuart Ehrlich, Lot 73, Hamlet Groves Subdivision, $224,000.
Harris, Harry F. and Melinda I., to Wilmer and Arlette Stahlmann, Unit 801, Section 8, South Gate Village Green Condominium, $136,500.
Villa Ucci Properties Inc. to Fran and Heath Rosenstein, Lot 15, Block 1, Palm View Sub of Lot 93, $85,000.
Meyers, O. Warren, to Frank D. Brooks, Unit 8108, Stoneybrook Terrace Condominium II, $158,000.
Smith, Charles W. and Marion B., to Joseph Francis and Maureen White Bentley, co-trustees, Lot 19, Berkshire Place, $233,000.
Torrence, Robert J. and Kristine E., to Jansen Wood, Lot 3, Block B, Coral Cove, Unit 1, $260,000.
Mashburn, William E. and Barbara, to Raymond and Veronica Zuniga, Lot 13, Block 2, Sorrento Bayside Subdivision, $165,000.
Fewell, Janet K., to Thomas and Linda Villani, and Thomas and Dawn Leone, Lot 10, Block C, Villa Rosa, Unit 1, Subdivision, $216,900.
Burbol, Charles J., and Barrett, Scott W., to Esther Jaimez, and Stephen E. Mitteldorf, Portion of Section 16, Township 37s, Range 18e, $149,500.
Finch, Linda, trustee, to John and Faye Doyle, Lot 47, San Remo Estates, Unit 3, $1,280,000.
Daisley, Ida E., to Deborah Hanson, Lot 11, Paver Park Estates, Addition 1, $130,000.
Conroy, Joan, individual and trustee, to Daniel J. and Gloria J. Redden, Unit 13, Vivienda, $123,000.
Tharp, Kenneth and Elizabeth, to Dennis Pine, Lot 121, Desoto Lakes, Unit 4, $94,000.
Omerso, Richard L., trustee and individual, to David and Sara I. Alenduff, Lot 288, The Estates of Chestnut Creek III, $187,500.
Medvar, Keith J. and Jill A., to Brenda Goegh, and Mark Gaddin, Lots 116611, 16612, South Venice, Unit 62, $203,000.
Calamaras, Dean and Barbara J., to Lewis F. Clark Jr., and Josef Gartner, Lot 3, Block 6, Pinebrook South, Unit II, $262,000.
Meeker, Riley Morris and Patricia A., to Tony and Patricia Elaine Halstead, Lot 157, Southbay Yacht and Racquet Club Subdivision, $397,000.
Benson, John and Frances, to John and Nancy L. Hawryluk, Lot 21, Block 92, Venezia Park Section of Venice, $278,000.
Whitney, Suzanne T., to James F. and Gloria P. Hanrahan, Lot 13, Corey's Landing, $475,000.
Giampapa, Gary and Dale, to Richard D. and Lynn Barrie, Lot 4, Old Oaks Subdivision, $715,000.
Blue Heron Pond Associates to Caithness Construction Inc., Lots 2-11, 66-72, Blue Heron Pond, Unit 1, $660,300.
Heron Creek Associates LTD to Whitehall Quality Homes Inc., Lot 9, Block A, Heron Creek, Unit 2, $90,000.
Whitehall Quality Homes Inc. to Eric C. and Anita H. Clapp, Lot 9, Block A, Heron Creek, Unit 2, $103,500.
Samarco, Nancy, to Jodi P. Paterson, Lot 29, Deer Hollow, Unit 1A, $98,500.
Lewis, Nila, to Betty J. Shaffer, Unit 20, Woodside Terrace, Phase 2 Condominium, $135,000.
Propes, Kenneth R. and Jean C., to Donald S. Lathrop, Lot 250, The Country Club of Sarasota, $285,000.
Martin, Delfine N. and Linda L., to Fred and Nancy Fink, Unit 42, Chartwell Green Condominium, $115,000.
Fortner, William H. and Amanda K., to Chill Fales, Lot 1, Block 109, South Gate, Unit 26, $220,000.
Wynn, John S. and Janet L., to James R. and Shirley A. Buchannon, Lot 44, Country Creek, $262,000.
Ward, Elaine S. and Ralph E., to Thomas D. and Brenda D. Ward, Lot 9, Amberlea Subdivision, $300,000.
Warren, John H. and Catherine, to Denise M. Doyle, trustee, Unit 26, Jamaica Royale, Unit 1, Condominium, $275,000.
Woytek, Frank and Monika, to Ursula Hoos, Unit 1322, Plaza de Flores Condominium, $163,000.
Kuerth, Keith A. and Mary J., to Sharon L. Bakondy, Unit 409, Crescent Royale, Unit 2, Condominium, $320,000.
Anoaipha Inc. to William G. and Sherri T. Reynolds, Lots 930, 931, Sarasota Springs, Unit 8, $120,000.
Thomas, Dean K. and Elda R., to Patrick P. and Janine M. McCarthy, Lot 934, Pelican Pointe Golf and Country Club, Unit 6, $165,000.
Greenwald, Barbara S., individual and trustee, to Gary C. and Constant L. Swinkle, Lot 59, Venice Acres, Unit 2, $355,000.
Redden, Daniel J. and Gloria J., to Ronald J. Gagliardi, Unit 339, Tangerine Woods Condominium, Section I, Phase III, $79,000.
Gillan, Joseph A., to William B. Jr. and Dorothy A. Hancock, trustees, Unit 472, Building 30, Farmington Vistas at the Plantation, Condominium, $133,000.
Mesko, Stephen M. and Nancy P., to Donald E. and Belinda Sue Griffith, Unit 51, Harrington Lake Condominium, $167,000.
Willenborg, Dorothy F., individual and trustee, and Edward J., to Lawrence E. and Suzanne P. Willenborg, Lot 13, Block 3, Southwood, Section D, $140,200.
Lattanzio, Thomas D. and Adele B., to Clifford G. Spain, Lot 1136, Venice Gardens, Unit 16, $92,000.
Over, Richard H., trustee, and Cynthia C., trustee and individual, to Frank O. and Joan Sullivan, Unit 4, The Villas of St. Andrews Park at the Plantation, Condominium, $196,000.
McBride, Stephen trustee, to Jens Runyon, Unit 503, Gulf Horizons Condominium, $339,000.
Barnett, John M. and Denise M., to Greg Hulls, and Frances Toomey, Portion of Section 35, Township 38s, Range 18e, $77,500.
Walters, James W., individual and as personal representative, to Gregory R. and Marijo H. Novic, Lot 2, Block E, Sorrento South Subdivision, Unit 4, $351,000.
Waterford Land Company Inc. to Albert S. and Virginia W. Chappelear, Unit 3203, L'Pavia, Condominium, $117,000.
The Ryland Group Inc. to James C. and Arlene P. Hartrick, Lot 771, Pelican Point Golf and Country Club, Unit 8, $178,800.
McIntyre, Hugh F. Jr. and Frances, to Matthew and Connie G. Brown, Lot 8, Block 28, Sarasota Beach Subdivision, $162,500.
McIntyre, Ralph P. and Judith, to Matthew and Connie G. Brown, Lot 8, Block 28, Sarasota Beach Subdivision, $162,500.
Quincy, Fred S., individual and trustee, and Boehm, Lewis E., individual and trustee, to Gregory P. and Sally A. Ohe, Lot 47, Block A, Sorrento Woods, Unit 3, $307,000.
Petz Development Inc. to Larry E. and Mary Louise Mings, trustees, Lot 2356, Park Trace Estates, $76,900.
Cornelius, Hilda M., to Vanne L. Van Dyke, Lot 145, Sunset Beach, Unit 1, $89,900.
Gluh Investments of Sarasota LLC to Joseph Grandov, and Paulette Cutrone, Unit 129, Central Park II Condominium, $105,000.
Zachary, John and Margaret A., individuals and trustees, to George Mitev, and Janet E. Blum, Lot 26, Country Manor Subdivision, Unit 1, $260,000.
Marken, Melanie and Adam M., to Ryan and Emily Jasper, Lot 9, Block C, First Addition to Cedar Grove, $130,000.
Sweet, Elayne C. and Donald T., to Commack Realty Inc., Lot 985, Venice Gardens, Unit 21, $90,000.
Giannini, Raymond R. and Alix C., to Larry T. and Jacklyn P. Tyner, Lot 2, Country Manor, Unit 1, $228,500.
Bransfield, Mary, and McLaughlin, Jean M., to Anita Wells, Unit 9, Lake Tippecanoe, $78,000.
McDaniel, Raymond Neil and Christina D., to Eric C. and Christine M. Rogers, Lot 12, Town and Country Estates, Unit 1, $136,000.
Webb, Charles W., as personal representative, to Michael M. and Janice Braga, Lot 5, Block A, Desota Park, $170,000.
Johnson, Paula I., to David J. and Mary Lou Hawkes, Lot 22, Block E, Eastwood, Unit 2, $112,100.
King, Lala and Darrell, individual and trustee, and Ruth to William Rios, and Maria C. Feliciano, Portion of Section 27, Township 36s, Range 18e, $160,000.
Lander, John E. and Dolores A., to Roger and Dona Case, Lots 16123, 16124, South Venice, Unit 61, $128,000.
Akins, Hal P. and Tamra M., to Mark K. and Kimie Thompson, Lot 253, Desoto Lakes, Unit 5, $137,000.
Lose, G. William and Barbara Sue, to PMP LLC, Lots 20, 21, Block B, Floyd and Camaron Subdivision, $620,000.
Moos Investments Inc. to Chester H. and Mary F. Berne, Lot 21, Block 5, St. Armands Division of The John Ringling Estates, $450,000.
The Ryland Group Inc. to Loren D. and Barbara S. Alexander, Lot 775, Pelican Point Golf and Country Club, Unit 8, $146,700.
Anntenucci, Stella M., to Delbert K. and Victoria Isaacs, Unit 1123, South Gate Village Green Condominium, Section 11, $104,500.
The Ryland Group Inc. to Robert C. and Margaret J. Nagy, Lot 772, Pelican Point Golf and Country Club, Unit 8, $145,400.
Likens, Christopher, as personal representative, to Karl and Jean W. Aprans, Unit 244, Pine Run Condominium, Section III, $79,000.
Parker, Geerene, to Daniel R. and Doreen M. Shoemaker, Unit A-502, Portobello Condominium, $495,000.
Sauve, Paul R., to Thomas L. and Barbara L. Schwartz, Lot 12, Block B, Oyster Bay Estates, $567,000.
Divosta and Company Inc. to Sarah J. Dezago, Lot 106, Villagewalk, Unit 1B, $339,800.
Giarrano, Leonard and Darasy, to Harvey and Christine Davis, Lot 47, Woodmere Lakes, Unit 1, $161,000.
Devries, Robert E., to Dennis W. and Rosemary J. Jarboe, Unit 721, Central Park II Condominium, $105,000.
Rolando, Fred V. and Jolene M., to Jim and Barbara Delfino, Lots 5, 7, 6, 8, Block 4, Golf Estates, $149,900.
Rendemonti, Louis F. Jr. and Darlene M., to William H. IV and Claudine Marsh, Lot 87, Eastlakem, $307,000.
Hendricks, Clare, individual and trustee, to Robert Devries, Unit 604, Central Park II Condominium, $135,000.
Mumford, Vernard L. and Maxine E., to Nina Royal, Lot 6, Blossom Brook Subdivision, $136,700.
Gulotte, Louis G., to James H. Dorwarth, Portion of Lot 17, Block A, Towns-End Shores, $133,300.
Karoounos, Hildegarde, to Charles Franklin Wirick III, and Kim Michelle Wirick, Lot 22, Lakes Estates III of Sarasota, $222,000.
Kelly, Kevin M. and Edith Howard, to Neal and Josephine Lebar, Lot 12, Pine Ranch East Subdivision, $380,000.
Noll, Werner, to Lawrence and Nancy L. Parrott, Lot 13, Block 9, East Gate, Unit 1, $115,000.
Stanek, Lyle W. and Mary J., to Brenden R. and Patricia V. Curcio, Lot 60, Block C, Sorrento Shores, Unit 4, $375,000.
END
Brown, Pamela S., to M. Elisabeth Colentano, Lot 954, Sarasota Springs, Unit 9, $155,000.
Goldberg, Fred and Teresa, to Marilyn M. Hearon, Lot 503, The Lakes of Jacaranda, Unit 4, Subdivision, $235,000.
Kaufman, David Lee and Brandy Glueck, to Jonathan S. Kramer, Lot 76, Wellington Chase, Unit 2, $186,000.
Smith, Jeffrey W., to Tag B. Feld, Lot 47, Chimney Court, $214,000.
Padgett, Donald H. and Joan B., to Stephen A. Palmer, Portion of Lot 6, Cedar Hammock, Subdivision, $93,900.
Kelly, J. Kevin and Paula B., to Patrick R. and Lynne A. Mondella, Unit 40, Winslow Beacon Condominium, $115,000.
Roefs, Anthony B., to Michael and Traci Mercurio, Lots 18961, 18962, South Venice, Unit 71, $93,000.
Sinram, Edward F., and Lamano, Geraldine, to Kenneth Deetch, Lot 5, Block 25, Manasota Gardens, $176,000.
Englewood Professional Associates Inc. to Goodwill Foundation Inc., Portion of Lot 88, Plat of Englewood, $150,000.
Northern Trust Bank of Florida, NA, trustee, to Melissa D. McBride, Lot 57, Laurel Pines, $140,000.
Leavitt, Miles J. Jr., to Randall R. and Jo Anne McDevitt, Unit A-402, Portobello Condominium, $438,000.
Wilson, William J. and Nancy P., to McClaaren J. Malcolm, Lot 4, Pine Gardens Subdivision, $123,000.
Kendar Homes Corp. to Brian A. Cross, Mattie A. Jones, and Albert G. Jones, Lot 12, Block A, Laurel Grove Subdivision, $123,900.
Zimmer, Nicholas H., to Matthew T. and Cathy A. Wilson, Portion of Lot 16, Block 0, Inwood Park, $149,900.
Blasingame, Robert C. and Marjorie S., to Barnet and Edith F. Sack, Lot 24, The Meadows, Unit 2, $190,000.
Turkal, Peter J., to Roman Foltyn, Lot 14, Block 38, Gulf Gate, Unit 8, $125,600.
Arnold Development of Southwest Florida LC to Chester J. and Jane E. Mehring, Lot 79, Villas of Sabal Trace Subdivision, $146,900.
Hunniford, J. Theodore Jr., as personal representative, to Stefan J. and Erika Fedor, Lot 69, Cedar Creek Subdivision, Unit IV Amended, $136,000.
Arnold Development of Southwest Florida LC to Ray W. and Lois M. Mominey, Lot 80, Villas of Sabal Trace, Subdivision, $151,400.
Arnold Development of Southwest Florida LC to William A. and Jacqueline T. Lamarche, Lot 61, Villas of Sabal Trace, Subdivision, $138,800.
Gay, Benjamin F. III and Rebecca O., to Julie Marie Pilgrim, Lot 4, Block 59, South Gate, Unit 15, $177,000.
Ivester, Stephen F. and Karin J., to Brian S. and Katherine N. Freeman, Portion of Lots 11, 12, Block B, Greenwich, $155,000.
Ruch, Paul E. and Joan S., to William F. and Laralee B. Bash, Lot 5, Har | |||||
10432 | yago | 2 | 29 | https://thesubstation.org.au/whats-on/ | en | What's On — The Substation | [
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] | null | [] | null | The Substation is a unique large-scale multi-purpose gallery, performance space and dance studio for artists of every kind, in Newport, Melbourne, Australia. | en | null | We acknowledge and recognise the Ancestors, Elders and families of the Yalukit-willam of the Kulin Nation, who are the traditional custodians of the land that The Substation is on. We extend our respects to their ancestors and elders past, present and emerging, and to all First Nations people.
We are committed to continually improving our services to ensure our events can be enjoyed by all. If you have specific access requirements (including seating arrangements for events) please get in touch. | ||||||
10432 | yago | 3 | 6 | https://www.passes.com/wiki/carol-rosin | en | Carol Rosin (@carol | [
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] | null | [] | null | Carol Rosin birthday Mar 29th, 1944. Carol Rosin bday Mar 29th, 1944. Carol Rosin profession Astrologer. Carol Rosin age. Carol Rosin astrology sign. Carol Rosin star sign. Who is Carol Rosin (carol-rosin). Why is Carol Rosin (carol-rosin) famous. | en | /assets/pwa/logo_192x192.png | Passes | https://www.passes.com/wiki/carol-rosin | |||||
10432 | yago | 1 | 46 | https://original-ufdc.uflib.ufl.edu/AA00062224/00057 | en | The Florida cattleman and livestock journal | [
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10432 | yago | 2 | 52 | https://gahistoricnewspapers.galileo.usg.edu/lccn/sn84031635/1872-05-14/ed-1/seq-3/ | en | 1878, May 14, 1872, Image 3 « Georgia Historic Newspapers | [
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10432 | yago | 1 | 4 | https://www.famousbirthdays.com/people/carol-rosin.html | en | Carol Rosin - Age, Family, Bio | [
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] | null | [] | null | Carol Rosin: her birthday, what she did before fame, her family life, fun trivia facts, popularity rankings, and more. | en | /favicon.ico | Famous Birthdays | https://www.famousbirthdays.com/people/carol-rosin.html | About
Aerospace executive who was the spokesperson for famous rocket scientist Wernher Von Braun.
Before Fame
She received her Bachelor's degree from the University of Delaware.
Trivia
She was the first woman to hold the executive position of Corporate Manager at Fairchild Industries.
Family Life
She married actor Jon Cypher.
Associated With | ||||
10432 | yago | 1 | 50 | https://www.abovetopsecret.com/forum/thread729941/pg1 | en | Dr. Carol Rosin in the Disclosure Project | [
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] | null | [] | null | Dr. Carol Rosin in the Disclosure Project - It's all a lie, page 1 | en | AboveTopSecret.com | null | It looks like you're using an Ad Blocker.
Please white-list or disable AboveTopSecret.com in your ad-blocking tool.
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10432 | yago | 0 | 84 | https://www.walmart.com/ip/If-You-re-Not-Depressed-You-Oughta-Be-in-Therapy-Paperback-9781688422841/682464677 | en | Robot or human? | [] | [] | [] | [
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10432 | yago | 2 | 25 | https://www.horsebooksplus.com/products/edition/First%2520Edition/~/product_id_asc%3Fpage%3D144 | en | 404 | [
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10432 | yago | 1 | 89 | https://issuu.com/augustanacollegesd/docs/gratitude_report_2022-23 | en | Augustana Gratitude Report 2022-23 | [
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10432 | yago | 0 | 1 | https://joncypher.org/category/jon-cypher/carol-rosin/ | en | Bot Verification | [] | [] | [] | [
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10432 | yago | 0 | 92 | https://www.spokeo.com/Carolyn-Rosin | en | Carolyn Rosin (43 matches): Phone Number, Email, Address | [
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Showing 1 record of 1 Criminal Records & Traffic Violations for people with this name. | |||||
10432 | yago | 1 | 8 | https://manga.fandom.com/wiki/Jon_Cypher | en | Jon Cypher | https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/ucp-internal-test-starter-commons/images/a/aa/FandomFireLogo.png/revision/latest?cb=20210713142711 | https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/ucp-internal-test-starter-commons/images/a/aa/FandomFireLogo.png/revision/latest?cb=20210713142711 | [
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] | null | Jon Cypher (born January 13, 1932) is an American actor. Born in New York City, Cypher graduated from Erasmus Hall High School in 1949 and Brooklyn College in 1953.[1] He made his television debut as the Prince in the original 1957 production of Rodgers and Hammerstein's Cinderella opposite... | en | /skins-ucp/mw139/common/favicon.ico | Manga Wiki | https://manga.fandom.com/wiki/Jon_Cypher | Jon Cypher (born January 13, 1932) is an American actor.
Born in New York City, Cypher graduated from Erasmus Hall High School in 1949 and Brooklyn College in 1953.[1] He made his television debut as the Prince in the original 1957 production of Rodgers and Hammerstein's Cinderella opposite Julie Andrews in the title role. He is particularly remembered as Chief of Police Fletcher Daniels in Hill Street Blues, a role he played throughout the lifetime of the series, 1981-1987. He also played Commanding General Marcus Craig on the television show, Major Dad, alongside Gerald McRaney and Beverly Archer, and appeared as Howard Millhouse in the short lived television series Probe. He is also well known for the roles of Dr. Alex Keith on As the World Turns (1977–1979) and Dr. Arthur Donelly on Santa Barbara (1988–89). His other television credits include the recurring roles of Belson in The F.B.I., Dirk Maurier in Dynasty, Eric Brandon in Marcus Welby, M.D., and Jeff Munson in Knots Landing. He also provided the voice of comic villain Spellbinder in the animated television series Batman Beyond.[2]
Cypher made his first film appearance as the villain Frank Tanner in the 1971 Western Valdez Is Coming opposite Burt Lancaster and Susan Clark. He has since appeared periodically in films up through the late 1990s in mostly featured character parts.
Cypher has also had an active career on the stage in both musicals and plays. He made his Broadway debut as Wister LaSalle in the original 1959 production of Harvey Breit's The Disenchanted. He returned to Broadway in 1962 to replace Patrick O'Neal as the Reverend T. Lawrence Shannon in the original production of Tennessee Williams's The Night of the Iguana. He portrayed the role of Dr. Carrasco in the original 1965 cast of Man of La Mancha, later taking over the role of Don Quixote. In 1967 he performed the role of Bert Jefferson in the original musical Sherry! by James Lipton and Laurence Rosenthal. His other Broadway credits include The Great White Hope, 1776, Coco, and Big: the musical.
Filmography[]
Great Performances, The Prince (2004) Trapper John, M D (1981–1983) The Lot (2001) Knots Landing (1979) TV Series (1982–1983) Law & Order (1995–2000) Dallas (1982) Batman Beyond Spellbinder (1999–2000) The Greatest American Hero (1982) Walker, Texas Ranger Waylon Cox (1999) House Calls (1982) Rescue 77 (1999) Today's F. B. I. (1982) Walking to the Waterline (1998) Fred Blumquist General Hospital (1963) TV Series (1981) JAG (1998) Evita Peron (1981) (TV) Profiler (1997) Freebie and the Bean (1981) Dr Quinn, Medicine Woman (1996) The Love Boat (1979) The Invaders (1995) (TV) As the World Turns (1956) TV Series (1977–1979) Burke's Law (1995) The Rockford Files (1977) RoboCop (1994) The Feather and Father Gang (1977) The Commish (1994) Police Woman (1977) Murder, She Wrote (1986–1993) The Food of the Gods (1976) Major Dad (1990–1993) Bronk Lundeen (1976) Strictly Business (1991) Marcus Welby, M D (1975) Snow Kill (1990) (TV) The Kingfisher Caper (1975) Johnny Valerie (1990) The Rookies (1974) B L Stryker (1990) Memory of Us (1974) Brad Spontaneous Combustion (1990) The F. B. .I (1974) Tour of Duty (1988–1989) Night Games (1974) (TV) Dale Hannigan The Sandgrass People (1989) The Kid and the Killers (1974) Santa Barbara (1984) TV Series (1988–1989) Blade (1973) Favorite Son (1988) (mini) TV Series Lady Ice (1973) Lady Mobster (1988) (TV) Ghost Story (1973) Probe (1988) Mannix (1972) Elvis and Me (1988) (TV) Bonanza (1972) Accidents (1988) Mission: Impossible (1972) Off the Mark (1987) McMillan & Wife J (1972) Hunter (1987) Believe in Me (1971) Masters of the Universe (1987) Valdez Is Coming (1971) Hill Street Blues (1981–1987) Nanny and the Professor (1970) Dynasty (1983–1987) Coronet Blue (1967) Perry Mason: The Case of the Notorious Nun (1986) (TV) Flipper (1964) Hotel (1986) Children's Theater, King Richard (1964) Malice in Wonderland (1985) (TV) Cinderella (1957) (TV) Half Nelson (1985) Armstrong Circle Theatre (1957) Lottery! (1984) Knight Rider (1983)
References[]
[]
Template:Title without disambig at the Internet Movie Database
Jon Cypher at the Internet Broadway Database
Jon Cypher at the Internet Off-Broadway Database | ||
10432 | yago | 3 | 12 | https://www.amazon.com/YOURE-NOT-DEPRESSED-OUGHTA-THERAPY/dp/1688422846 | en | Amazon.com | [
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10432 | yago | 0 | 10 | https://www.passes.com/wiki/jon-cypher | en | Jon Cypher (@jon | [
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10432 | yago | 2 | 3 | https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-mar-29-me-34078-story.html | en | A Local Role for ‘Hill Street Blues’ Actor | https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/64e287b/2147483647/strip/true/crop/2400x1260+0+0/resize/1200x630!/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fdf%2F45%2F57d858144a2a88575fa2b03080bb%2Flatlogo-ss.jpg | https://ca-times.brightspotcdn.com/dims4/default/64e287b/2147483647/strip/true/crop/2400x1260+0+0/resize/1200x630!/quality/75/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalifornia-times-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fdf%2F45%2F57d858144a2a88575fa2b03080bb%2Flatlogo-ss.jpg | [
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] | 1998-03-29T00:00:00 | It's a trek from Hill Street to Thompson Boulevard--11 years, to be exact. | en | /apple-touch-icon.png | Los Angeles Times | https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-mar-29-me-34078-story.html | It’s a trek from Hill Street to Thompson Boulevard--11 years, to be exact.
But life is loaded with blind alleys and sudden curves, which explains why the arrogant, self-serving gasbag of a police chief from “Hill Street Blues” is pulling a desk shift at a community storefront in midtown Ventura.
A woman strides in with questions about a trash-strewn lot.
“Can’t you get it cleaned up?” she asks. “Can’t you send in the Boy Scouts? How about some delinquents?”
Jon Cypher--the actor who portrayed Chief Fletcher P. Daniels in all of his oleaginous glory--assures her the situation will reach the ears of the authorities. As Jon Cypher, he is neither arrogant nor self-serving--just a cordial retiree wondering what to do for this distressed citizen. Marilyn Borgaro, his fellow volunteer at the Midtown Ventura Community Resource Center, takes down the details.
That was the extent of the serious business in Cypher’s first three-hour shift. The storefront is just getting off the ground, and many people in the neighborhood don’t know about it yet. Ultimately, it will be a place where kids come for after-school tutoring and neighbors come to complain about a junked car on their street. Equipped with a table and a phone in the back room, police officers will drop in for a cup of coffee and an earful from midtown residents.
But for now the storefront in the half-empty strip mall on Thompson is a place where volunteers wait for business and schmooze, a forgotten function in many neighborhoods.
At 66, Cypher is trim and vaguely distinguished even in his jeans and plaid shirt. He didn’t set out to Do Good; he heard about this place from a man he met while walking his dog. The idea of giving something back to the community appealed to him.
“I never really involved myself much with community stuff,” he says. “In acting, everything is so en passant. You get to know people and then suddenly they’re gone.”
The talk wanders: Farmland being gobbled up. The neighborhood coming together. The weather, El Nino, the floods. The homeless lady shambling down the street. The Arkansas schoolyard massacre. What’s wrong with these teenagers today? the little group wonders. Is it guns? Is it single-parent families? “It’s the psychologists,” someone offers. Then again, maybe it’s TV.
Cypher jumps in with gusto. He doesn’t care much for TV. The cheap sex demeans us, and the violence endangers us. But “Hill Street”--with its tough talk and its raw moments and its groundbreaking realism--now there was a show.
“It was Shakespeare!” Cypher exults. “Every week I’d finish reading the script and say, ‘They’ve done it again!’ ”
Cypher’s character, a politically savvy headline-grabber, bore an uncanny resemblance to Daryl Gates, the Los Angeles police chief at the time. But most of his roles have been modeled on more generic authority figures.
He played the surgeon, the general, the attorney and other such parts in a long list of TV, film and stage productions. He was in the soap “Santa Barbara,” the sitcom “Major Dad,” an ill-fated series called “Open House,” a miniseries called “Elvis and Me,” episodes of “Murder, She Wrote,” TV movies not long remembered.
But such parts did not feed the inner man.
“The tongue rebels! The soul cringes!” cries Cypher, who is given to the broad gestures of a seasoned showman. “The human being was never meant to say such lines.”
Besides, he was reaching an age when “the only parts I was offered were senators and judges.” Los Angeles was becoming increasingly unlivable, the entertainment industry increasingly venal, so . . .
Cut to Ventura. Cypher and his wife, Carol Rosin, a crusader against the development of space weapons, settled into a hillside home here four years ago.
“We came down the Conejo Grade,” he recounts. “The air grew cooler, the sky grew clearer, and we drove straight to the ocean. That was it. This is paradise.”
Since then, he has done the occasional role. He has taken up his wife’s cause--”You really think Star Wars is over?” he asks--and he dabbles in writing. He has just finished a book tentatively titled “If You Aren’t Depressed, You Ought to Be in Therapy.” It’s centered on 100 limericks related to war and peace, love and death.
Asked to recite, he rises from his chair at the storefront:
“Sipping Chablis while Vesuvius
Blew its top was hardly the grooviest.
In the next war, Pompeii
Will be child’s play,
And remains from the Louvre? Dubious.”
Everyone likes it. Cypher beams. He has never before recited it in public--if a couple of volunteers on a slow day at a neighborhood storefront count as public.
It doesn’t seem the right moment to offer a pithier rendition, a la “Hill Street”:
Let’s be careful out there, people. | ||
10432 | yago | 2 | 2 | https://joncypher.org/03281998-local-role-for-hill-street-blues-actor/ | en | Bot Verification | [] | [] | [] | [
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10432 | yago | 0 | 11 | http://www.filmreference.com/film/82/Jon-Cypher.html | en | Jon Cypher Biography (1932-) | [
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Judy Cornwell to Howard Da Silva
Jon Cypher Biography (1932-)
Born January 13, 1932, in Brooklyn, NY; married Dr. Carol Rosin (a thinktankpresident).
Nationality
American
Gender
Male
Occupation
Actor
Birth Details
January 13, 1932
Brooklyn, New York, United States
Famous Works
CREDITS
Film Appearances
Frank Tanner, Valdez Is Coming, United Artists, 1971
Alan, Believe in Me, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, 1971
Eddie Stell, Lady Ice, National General Pictures, 1973
Petersen, Blade, Pintoff, 1973
Brad, Memory of Us, Cinema Financial of America, 1974
The Kid and the Killers, 1974
Johnny, The Kingfisher Caper (also known as Diamond Lust),1975
Brian, The Food of the Gods (also known as H. G. Wells' Food of the Gods), American International Pictures, 1976
John C. Roosevelt, Off the Mark (also known as Crazy Legs),Fries Entertainment, 1986
Duncan (Man-at-Arms), Masters of the Universe, Cannon, 1987
James Hughes, Accidents, 1988
Dr. Marsh, Spontaneous Combustion, Taurus Entertainment, 1989
Drake, Strictly Business, 1991
Walking to the Waterline, PorchLight Entertainment, 1999
Television Appearances
Series
Dr. Alex Keith, As the World Turns, CBS, 1977-79
Max Van Stadt, General Hospital, ABC, 1981
Police Chief Fletcher Daniels, Hill Street Blues, NBC, 1981-87
Jeff Munson, Knots Landing, CBS, 1982-83
Dirk Maurier, Dynasty, 1983, 1987
John Green, Duet, 1988-89
Dr. Arthur Donelly, Santa Barbara, NBC, 1988-89
General Marcus C. Craig, Major Dad, CBS, 1990-93
Movies
Prince Christopher, Cinderella, 1957
Dr. Harry "Docky" Martin, Malice in Wonderland (also known as The Rumor Mill), CBS, 1985
Dr. Peter Lattimore, Perry Mason: The Case of the Notorious Nun, NBC, 1986
Serendip CEO Howard Millhouse, Probe, 1988
Mallory, Lady Mobster, ABC, 1988
Reid Chapman, Snow Kill, USA Network, 1990
Miniseries
Colonel Imbert, Evita Peron, NBC, 1981
Captain Beaulieu, Elvis and Me, ABC, 1988
Bartholomew Scott, Favorite Son (also known as Target: FavoriteSon), 1988
The Invaders, The WB, 1995
Pilots
Dale Hannigan, Night Games, NBC, 1974
Episodic
Driscoll, Our Five Daughters, NBC, 1962
Ewan McBurney, "A Time to Be Born, a Time to Die," Coronet Blue, 1967
"The Face of Murder," McMillan and Wife, 1972
Art Stafford, "Trapped," Mission: Impossible, 1972
Colonel Cody Ransom, "A Place to Hide," Bonanza, 1972
"Survival," The F.B.I., 1974
Michael Kelly, "To Protect and Serve: Parts 1 & 2," The Rockford Files, 1977
Mr. Bel, "Now You See It," The Greatest American Hero, 1982
George Atherton, "Soul Survivor," Knight Rider, 1983
Max Flynn, "Trial by Error," Murder, She Wrote, CBS, 1986
"Turning Point," Hunter, 1987
MG Goldman, "Blood Brothers," Tour of Duty, 1988
Howard Millhouse, Probe (two episodes), 1988
Nathan Swarthmore, "Double Exposure," Murder, She Wrote, CBS, 1989
MG Goldman, "I Am What I Am," Tour of Duty, 1989
John Green, Open House, 1989
Felix Renza, "High Rise," B. L. Stryker, 1990
Mr. Graham/Mr. Edwards, "A Matter of Principal," The Hogan Family,1990
Phantom of the opera, Major Dad, CBS, 1992
Captain Rory O'Neil, "Ship of Thieves," Murder, She Wrote, CBS, 1993
Anthony Galassi, Love & War, CBS, 1993
Sweet Justice, NBC, 1994
Bill Kelton, "Dead Drunk," The Commish, ABC, 1994
"Ghosts of War," Robocop, 1994
Jerome Kamen, "Guardian," Law & Order, NBC, 1995
Ben Fletcher, "Who Killed the Motor Car Maverick?," Burke'sLaw, CBS, 1995
Preston Lodge II, "The Tempest," Dr. Quinn, Medicine Woman, CBS, 1996
Judge Neil MacGruder, "Power Corrupts," Profiler, NBC, 1997
Frank Burnett, JAG, CBS, 1997
Bell's father, Rescue 77, The WB, 1999
Cox, Walker, Texas Ranger, CBS, 1999
Voice of Spellbinder, "Spellbound," Batman Beyond (animated), TheWB, 1999
Voice of Spellbinder, "Hooked Up," Batman Beyond (animated), The WB, 1999
Voice of Spellbinder, "Eyewitness," Batman Beyond (animated), TheWB, 2000
Arlen Graham, "Surrender Dorothy," Law & Order, NBC, 2000
Stage Appearances
The Disenchanted, Broadway production, 1958
Dr. Carrasco, Man of La Mancha, ANTA Washington Square Theatre, New York City, 1965
Bert Jefferson, Sherry!, Alvin Theatre, New York City, 1967
District Attorney Klossowski, The Great White Hope, Alvin Theatre,1968-69
Papa, Coco, Mark Hellinger Theatre, New York City, 1969-70
Edward Rutledge, 1776, 46th Street Theatre, New York City, 1969
Ray Schaeffer, Prettybelle, Shubert Theatre, Boston, MA, 1971
Julian Marsh, Forty-Second Street, Shubert Theatre, 1984
Appeared in The Night of the Iguana, Broadway production; in The Wives, Broadway production; in The Great Western Union, Broadwayproductions; in Jennie; as Peron, Evita; as Julian Marsh, 42nd Street, Los Angeles, CA; as Sweeney, Sweeney Todd; and as Fagin, Oliver!
Major Tours
Thomas Jefferson, 1776, U.S. cities, 1970
Bill Sykes, Oliver!, U.S. cities, 1973
Juan Peron, Evita, U.S. cities, 1980 | |||||||
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] | 1998-03-29T00:00:00 | It's a trek from Hill Street to Thompson Boulevard--11 years, to be exact. | en | /apple-touch-icon.png | Los Angeles Times | https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-mar-29-me-34078-story.html | It’s a trek from Hill Street to Thompson Boulevard--11 years, to be exact.
But life is loaded with blind alleys and sudden curves, which explains why the arrogant, self-serving gasbag of a police chief from “Hill Street Blues” is pulling a desk shift at a community storefront in midtown Ventura.
A woman strides in with questions about a trash-strewn lot.
“Can’t you get it cleaned up?” she asks. “Can’t you send in the Boy Scouts? How about some delinquents?”
Jon Cypher--the actor who portrayed Chief Fletcher P. Daniels in all of his oleaginous glory--assures her the situation will reach the ears of the authorities. As Jon Cypher, he is neither arrogant nor self-serving--just a cordial retiree wondering what to do for this distressed citizen. Marilyn Borgaro, his fellow volunteer at the Midtown Ventura Community Resource Center, takes down the details.
That was the extent of the serious business in Cypher’s first three-hour shift. The storefront is just getting off the ground, and many people in the neighborhood don’t know about it yet. Ultimately, it will be a place where kids come for after-school tutoring and neighbors come to complain about a junked car on their street. Equipped with a table and a phone in the back room, police officers will drop in for a cup of coffee and an earful from midtown residents.
But for now the storefront in the half-empty strip mall on Thompson is a place where volunteers wait for business and schmooze, a forgotten function in many neighborhoods.
At 66, Cypher is trim and vaguely distinguished even in his jeans and plaid shirt. He didn’t set out to Do Good; he heard about this place from a man he met while walking his dog. The idea of giving something back to the community appealed to him.
“I never really involved myself much with community stuff,” he says. “In acting, everything is so en passant. You get to know people and then suddenly they’re gone.”
The talk wanders: Farmland being gobbled up. The neighborhood coming together. The weather, El Nino, the floods. The homeless lady shambling down the street. The Arkansas schoolyard massacre. What’s wrong with these teenagers today? the little group wonders. Is it guns? Is it single-parent families? “It’s the psychologists,” someone offers. Then again, maybe it’s TV.
Cypher jumps in with gusto. He doesn’t care much for TV. The cheap sex demeans us, and the violence endangers us. But “Hill Street”--with its tough talk and its raw moments and its groundbreaking realism--now there was a show.
“It was Shakespeare!” Cypher exults. “Every week I’d finish reading the script and say, ‘They’ve done it again!’ ”
Cypher’s character, a politically savvy headline-grabber, bore an uncanny resemblance to Daryl Gates, the Los Angeles police chief at the time. But most of his roles have been modeled on more generic authority figures.
He played the surgeon, the general, the attorney and other such parts in a long list of TV, film and stage productions. He was in the soap “Santa Barbara,” the sitcom “Major Dad,” an ill-fated series called “Open House,” a miniseries called “Elvis and Me,” episodes of “Murder, She Wrote,” TV movies not long remembered.
But such parts did not feed the inner man.
“The tongue rebels! The soul cringes!” cries Cypher, who is given to the broad gestures of a seasoned showman. “The human being was never meant to say such lines.”
Besides, he was reaching an age when “the only parts I was offered were senators and judges.” Los Angeles was becoming increasingly unlivable, the entertainment industry increasingly venal, so . . .
Cut to Ventura. Cypher and his wife, Carol Rosin, a crusader against the development of space weapons, settled into a hillside home here four years ago.
“We came down the Conejo Grade,” he recounts. “The air grew cooler, the sky grew clearer, and we drove straight to the ocean. That was it. This is paradise.”
Since then, he has done the occasional role. He has taken up his wife’s cause--”You really think Star Wars is over?” he asks--and he dabbles in writing. He has just finished a book tentatively titled “If You Aren’t Depressed, You Ought to Be in Therapy.” It’s centered on 100 limericks related to war and peace, love and death.
Asked to recite, he rises from his chair at the storefront:
“Sipping Chablis while Vesuvius
Blew its top was hardly the grooviest.
In the next war, Pompeii
Will be child’s play,
And remains from the Louvre? Dubious.”
Everyone likes it. Cypher beams. He has never before recited it in public--if a couple of volunteers on a slow day at a neighborhood storefront count as public.
It doesn’t seem the right moment to offer a pithier rendition, a la “Hill Street”:
Let’s be careful out there, people. | ||
10432 | yago | 0 | 0 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jon_Cypher | en | Jon Cypher | https://en.wikipedia.org/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico | https://en.wikipedia.org/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico | [
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Not to be confused with Jon Cryer.
Jon Cypher (born January 13, 1932) is an American actor and singer. He is best known as playing Chief of Police Fletcher Daniels in Hill Street Blues throughout the series' run. He is also known for his work in Cinderella, As the World Turns, Major Dad, Probe, Law & Order, and Santa Barbara. He has also performed several times on Broadway, particularly in musical theatre.
Early life and education
[edit]
Born in New York City, Cypher graduated from Erasmus Hall High School (1949) and Brooklyn College (1953).
Cypher later received a master's degree in marriage and family counseling from the University of Vermont.[1]
Career
[edit]
Cypher made his television debut as the Prince in the original 1957 production of Rodgers and Hammerstein's Cinderella opposite Julie Andrews in the title role. He is particularly remembered as Chief of Police Fletcher Daniels in Hill Street Blues, a role he played throughout the run of the series (1981–87). He played Commanding General Marcus Craig on Major Dad, alongside Gerald McRaney and Beverly Archer, and appeared as Howard Millhouse in the short-lived television series Probe. He played Dr. Alex Keith on As the World Turns (1977–79) and Dr. Arthur Donnelly on Santa Barbara (1988–89).
Other television credits include the recurring roles of Belson in The F.B.I., Dirk Maurier in Dynasty, Eric Brandon in Marcus Welby, M.D., and Jeff Munson in Knots Landing. He also provided the voice of comic villain Spellbinder in the animated television series Batman Beyond.[2]
Cypher made his first film appearance as the villain Frank Tanner in the 1971 Western Valdez Is Coming opposite Burt Lancaster and Susan Clark. He took on the role of the heroic Man-At-Arms in the 1987 film Masters of the Universe. He also starred in an episode of Barnaby Jones entitled "Dangerous Gambit" which originally aired on February 26, 1976. Cypher has since appeared periodically in films up through the late 1990s in mostly featured character parts.
Cypher had an active career on the stage in both musicals and plays. In 1956 he appeared at Denver's Elitch Theatre, as the leading man for the summer stock cast, where productions included The Rainmaker, Noël Coward's Tonight at 8.30, and The Chalk Garden.
He made his Broadway debut as Wister LaSalle in the original 1959 production of Harvey Breit's The Disenchanted. He returned to Broadway in 1962 to replace Patrick O'Neal as the Reverend T. Lawrence Shannon in the original production of Tennessee Williams's The Night of the Iguana. He portrayed the role of Dr. Carrasco in the original 1965 cast of Man of La Mancha, later taking over the role of Don Quixote.
In 1967, he performed the role of Bert Jefferson in the original musical Sherry! by James Lipton and Laurence Rosenthal. His other Broadway credits include The Great White Hope, 1776, Coco, and Big: The Musical.
Between 1990 and 1993 he appeared in 69 episodes of the CBS hit comedy TV show Major Dad, where he played Brigadier General Marcus C. Craig [3]
On July 20, 1992 Cypher suffered an injury during a dress rehearsal at the Benedum Center in Pittsburgh. He was preparing for an appearance as Fagin in the Civic Light Opera production of Oliver! when he fell down a darkened stairway at the theater, breaking his leg in two places and damaging cartilage and ligaments. The incident left Cypher playing the character while seated in a wheelchair. He sued the theater and a performance company in Pittsburgh for $20,000.[4] In a 2013 interview, Cypher revealed he still walked with a cane.[5]
In a 2014 interview, he stated that poverty was the secret to his 47-year-long career.[6]
Personal life
[edit]
Cypher was married to Ruth Wagner from 1965 to 1975. After they divorced, he married scientist Carol Rosin.
Credits
[edit]
Film
[edit]
Year Title Role Notes 1971 Valdez Is Coming Frank Tanner Believe in Me Alan 1973 Lady Ice Eddie Stell Blade Petersen 1974 The Memory of Us Brad The Kid and the Killers Roper 1975 The Kingfisher Caper Johnny Lance 1976 The Food of the Gods Brian 1987 Masters of the Universe Duncan/Man-At-Arms Off the Mark John C. Roosevelt 1989 Accidents James Hughs 1990 Spontaneous Combustion Dr. Marsh The Sandgrass People Walter Carter 1991 Strictly Business Drake 1998 Walking to the Waterline Fred Blumquist
Television
[edit]
Year Title Role Notes 1957 Roger's and Hammerstein's Cinderella Prince Christopher Television film The United States Steel Hour Episode: "Upbeat" Armstrong Circle Theatre Richie Braman/Miklos 2 episodes 1962 Our Five Daughters Driscoll 1964 NBC Children's Theatre King Richard Episode: "Robin Hood" Flipper Jim Lorman Episode: "Countdown for Flipper" 1967 Coronet Blue Ewan McBurney Episode: "A Time to be Born" 1970 Nanny and the Professor Professor Englund Episode: "E.S. Putt" 1971–73 The Doris Day Show Sir Robert Kingsley 2 episodes 1972 McMillan & Wife John Thomas Clark Episode: "The Face of Murder" Mission: Impossible Art Stafford Episode: "Trapped" Bonanza Col. Cody Ransom Episode: "A Place to Hide" Mannix Wallace Hunter/Phillip Lomax 2 episodes 1973 Circle of Fear Keith Episode: "Legion of Demons" 1974 Cannon Lt. Lou Hayes Episode: "Bobby Loved Me" Night Games Dale Hannigan Television film The F.B.I. Belson Episode: "Survival" The Rookies Dr. Stafford Episode: "Key Witness" 1975 Marcus Welby, M.D. Eric Brandon 4 episodes 1976 Barnaby Jones Frank Dunlap Episode: "Dangerous Gambit" Bronk Lundeen Episode: "The Vigilante" 1977 Police Woman Skip Arnold Episode: "The Disco Killer" The Feather and Father Gang Cal Cooper Episode: "Sun, Sand, and Death" The Rockford Files Michael Kelly 2 episodes 1978–79 As the World Turns Dr. Alexander Keith 2 episodes 1979 The Love Boat Russell Evans Episode: "Not Now, I'm Dying/Too Young to Love/Eleanor's Return" 1980 Freebie and the Bean Dwight Rollins Episode: "Flying Aces" 1981 Evita Peron Col. Imbert Television film General Hospital Max Van Stadt Episode #1.4687 1981–83 Trapper John, M.D. Marshall Randolph/Andrew Forsyte 2 episodes 1981–87 Hill Street Blues Chief Fletcher Daniels Main Role; 71 episodes 1982 Today's F.B.I. Le Duc Episode: "Spy" House Calls Episode: "Man for All Surgeons" The Greatest American Hero Richard Beller Episode: "Now You See it" The Devlin Connection Episode: "The Lady on the Billboard" Dallas Episode: "Post Nuptial" 1982–83 Knots Landing Jeff Munson 12 episodes 1983 Knight Rider George Atherton Episode: "Soul Survivor" 1983–87 Dynasty Dirk E. Maurier 10 episodes 1984 Lottery! Episode: "Chicago: Another Chance" 1985 Half Nelson Episode: "Nose Job" Malice in Wonderland Dr. Harry 'Docky' Martin Television film Lime Street Kyle Stoddard Episode: "Odd Pilots Never Die" 1986 Hotel Richard Copeland Episode: "Triangles" Perry Mason: The Case of the Notorious Nun Dr. Peter Lattimore Television film True Confessions Episode: "The Decision" 1986–93 Murder, She Wrote Capt. Rory O'Neil/Nathan Swarthmore/Defense Atty. Max Flynn 3 episodes 1987 The Law & Harry McGraw Sam Wallace Episode: "Angela's Secret" Hunter Alan Shadwell Episode: "Turning Point" 1988 Elvis and Me Captain Joseph Paul Beaulieu Television film Probe Howard Millhouse 2 episodes Lady Mobster Alfred Mallory Television film Favorite Son Bartholomew Scott Episode: "Part One" 1988–89 Santa Barbara Dr. Arthur Donnelly Recurring role; 57 episodes Tour of Duty Major General Goldman 2 episodes 1989 Duet John Episode: "The Birth of a Saleswoman" Open House John Green 2 episodes 1990 B.L. Stryker Felix Renza Episode: "High Rise" Valerie Mr. Edwards Episode: "A Matter of Principal" Snow Kill Reid Television film 1990–93 Major Dad General Marcus C. Craig Main Role; 69 episodes 1994 Love & War Anthony Episode: "I've Got a Crush on You" The Commish Bill Kelton Episode: "Dead Drunk" RoboCop General Eugene Omar Episode: "Ghosts of War" 1995 Burke's Law Ben Fletcher Episode: "Who Killed the Motor Car Maverick?" The Invaders Sen. Alex Feinman 2 episodes 1995–2000 Law & Order Jerome Kamen/Harlan Graham 2 episodes 1996 Dr. Quinn, Medicine Woman Preston A. Lodge II Episode: "The Tempest" 1997 Pinky and the Brain Administrator Voice, episode: "The Tailor and the Mice/Bah, Wilderness" Profiler Judge Neil MacGruder Episode: "Power Corrupts" 1998 JAG Frank Burnett Episode: "To Russia with Love" 1999 Rescue 77 Charles Bell 2 episodes Walker, Texas Ranger Waylon Cox Episode: "Full Recovery" 1999–2000 Batman Beyond Ira Billings/Spellbinder Voice, 3 episodes 2000 Honey, I Shrunk the Kids: The TV Show Colonel Coleman Episode: "Honey, It's an Interplanetary, Extraordinary Life" 2001 The Lot 2 episodes 2004 Great Performances Prince Christopher/Self Episode: "Roger's and Hammerstein's Cinderella
Theatre
[edit]
Year Title Role Venue Type Notes 1958 The Disenchanted Wister LaSalle Coronet Theatre Broadway 1961 The Night of the Iguana The Reverend T. Lawrence Shannon Royale Theatre U/s 1963 Jennie Randolph of the Royal Mounted/Others Majestic Theatre Standby 1964 As You Like It Lucille Lortel Theatre Off-Broadway 1965 Man of La Mancha Dr. Carrasco Martin Beck Theatre Broadway The Wives Herakles Stage 73 Off-Broadway The Great Western Union Robert Bouwerie Lane Theatre 1967 Sherry! Bert Jefferson Alvin Theatre Broadway 1968 The Great White Hope Mr. Cameron/Others 1969 1776 Thomas Jefferson 46th Street Theatre Replacement Coco Papa Mark Hellinger Theatre 1970–72 1776 Thomas Jefferson Touring production 1971 Coco Julian Lesage 1973 Oliver! Bill Sikes 1980–82 Evita Perón 1984 42nd Street Julian Marsh 1996 Big MacMillan Shubert Theatre Broadway
References
[edit] | ||||
10432 | yago | 0 | 93 | https://obituaries1818.rssing.com/chan-75490166/latest.php | en | Obituaries – Reporter | [
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Obituary information is provided by district offices to the Synod’s Office of Rosters and Statistics. Any questions about content should be referred, therefore, to the appropriate district office. — Ed.
ORDAINED
BREWER, RICHARD PAULSEN REV., Oct. 12, 1932, Webster City, Iowa, to July 16, 2021, Pleasant Hill, Calif.; son of Joseph and Viola (Paulsen) Brewer; graduated St. Louis Seminary 1958. Served 1958-1998. Ministries/Parishes: Portland, Ore.; Pleasant Hill, Calif.; Northwest District Circuit Visitor 1961-1963. Retired 1998. Survivors: Bernita (Ohm) Brewer; sons: Andrew, Peter; daughters: Sara Sing, Mary Wolkenhauer. Memorial Service: Oct. 9, 2021, Pleasant Hill, Calif.
EBERT, DAVID FREDERICK REV., Aug. 31, 1933, Dallas, Texas, to July 22, 2021, Fredericksburg, Texas; son of Arthur and Mary (Baldwin) Ebert; graduated St. Louis Seminary 1957. Served 1957-1998. Ministries/Parishes: El Dorado, Ark.; Hamilton, Stephenville, Ft. Stockton, Rankin, Plainview, Sealy, Lincoln, Texas; Texas District Circuit Visitor 2003-2012. Retired 1998. Survivors: Audrey (Wutzke) Ebert; sons: Daniel, Timothy; daughter: Kathleen. Funeral and Interment: July 27, 2021, Fredericksburg, Texas.
FAULSTICK, ROY BERNARD REV., Aug. 21, 1935, Brooklyn, N.Y., to July 18, 2021, Carlsbad, Calif.; son of Rev. Alfred and Eleanor (Tupack) Faulstick; graduated St. Louis Seminary 1961. Served 1961-1965, 2006-2007. Ministries/Parishes: Wayland, Wyoming, Mich. Retired 2007. Survivors: Joyce (Schlichting) Faulstick; son: Luke; daughters: Gaye Garvelink, Joy Schuster, Renee White. Funeral: July 25, 2021, Escondido, Calif.
FUEHLER, KENNETH MARTIN REV., June 5, 1944, St. Louis, Mo., to June 30, 2021; son of Martin and Erna (Oettel) Fuehler; graduated St. Louis Seminary 1970. Served 1970-1997, 2005-2017, 2019-2020. Ministries/Parishes: Hazelton, Pa.; Buffalo, N.Y.; St. Charles, Mo.; Claremont, Greensboro, N.C.; Ft. Lauderdale, N. Palm Beach, Naples, Fla.; Fairbanks, Alaska. Retired 2020. Survivors: Cheryl (Alexy) Fuehler; son: Kevin; daughter; Kristin Stowe. Funeral: Aug. 1, 2021, Greensboro, N.C.
GERKEN, RICHARD WALTER REV., Oct. 8, 1939, Watseka, Ill., to June 24, 2021, Des Moines, Wash.; son of Rev. Walter and Elizabeth (Hagemann) Gerken; graduated St. Louis Seminary 1965. Served 1965-2003. Ministries/Parishes: Bremerton, Seattle, Wash.; Northwest District Circuit Visitor 1990-1997. Retired 2003. Survivors: Kathryn (Kurz) Gerken; sons: Timothy, Mark; daughters: Susan Gracey, Rebecca.
HARDING, MICHAEL STEPHEN REV., Sept. 21, 1947, Lockport, Ill., to July 15, 2021, Phoenix, Ariz.; son of Gerald and Virginia (Bethard) Harding; graduated St. Louis Seminary 1985. Served 1985-2013. Ministries/Parishes: Andrews, Richardson, Texas; Phoenix, Ariz. Retired 2013. Survivors: Brenda (Cherry) Harding; son: Ty. Memorial Service: Aug. 14, 2021, Peoria, Ariz.; Interment: Oct. 2021, Phoenix, Ariz.
HARTFIELD, PAUL WALTER REV., Aug. 11, 1936, Hillsboro, Texas, to June 19, 2021, Serbin, Texas; son of Rev. Herbert and Frieda (Maas) Hartfield; graduated Springfield Seminary 1963. Served 1963-1997, 2006-2015. Ministries/Parishes: Mannville, Vegreville, Bruce, Alberta, Canada; Brenham, Serbin, Loebau, Texas; Texas District Circuit Visitor 1985-1989. Retired 2015. Preceded in death by his son Thomas and daughter Lisa. Survivors: Cydell (Lehmann) Hartfield; sons: Douglas, Timothy; daughters: Lana Kaiser, Julianne Kasper. Funeral and Interment: June 24, 2021, Giddings, Texas.
HEADAPOHL, GARY DEAN REV., Aug. 17, 1937, Detroit, Mich., to June 21, 2021; son of Raymond and Ruth (Howell) Headapohl; graduated Ft. Wayne Seminary 1984. Served 1984-2002. Ministry/Parish: Westland, Mich. Retired 2002. Preceded in death by his sons, Richard and William. Survivors: Virginia (Randall) Headapohl; son: James. Funeral: June 25, 2021, Detroit, Mich.
ILLIAN, DONALD C. REV., July 23, 1937, Midland, S.D., to June 13, 2021, Cedar Falls, Iowa; son of Charles and Marie (Getz) Illian; graduated Springfield Seminary 1964. Served 1964-1980, 1983-2002. Ministries/Parishes: Barnes, Kan.; Ankeny, Denver, Iowa. Retired 2002. Survivors: Kathryn (Jensen) Illian; sons: Joel, Jonathan, Joshua. Funeral: June 19, 2021, Cedar Falls, Iowa; Interment: June 21, 2021, Atlantic, Iowa.
KAARRE, DAVID MICHAEL REV., Feb. 26, 1952, Lansing, Mich., to July 22, 2021, Grand Rapids, Mich.; son of Ruben and Eleanor (Soyring) Kaarre; graduated Ft. Wayne Seminary 1986. Served 1986-2003. Ministries/Parishes: Flat Valley, St. Walburg, Saskatchewan, Canada; Merrill, Wis. Retired 2005. Memorial Service and Interment: August 7, 2021, West Branch, Mich.
KEHRET, DAVID H. REV., April 1, 1942, Marshalltown, Iowa, to June 17, 2021, Ft. Lauderdale, Fla.; son of George and Caroline (Tensmeyer) Kehret; graduated St. Louis Seminary 1967. Served 1967-2002, 2011- 2021. Ministries/Parishes: McGregor, Elkader, Iowa; Omaha, Neb.; Valparaiso, Ind.; Charlottesville, Va.; Toccoa, Ga.; Ft. Lauderdale, Fla. Preceded in death by his wife Helen (Scheumann) Kehret, daughter Rebecca and son Timothy. Survivor: son: Matthew. Memorial Service: Valparaiso, Ind.
LAI, HENRY HON SUN REV., June 16, 1936, Kowloon, Hong Kong, to July 16, 2021; son of Ngai Kwan Lai and Wong Wun Chiu; colloquy 1987. Served 1988-1993, 1998, 2021. Ministries/Parishes: Union City, Oakland, Calif. Survivors: Gayle (Falk) Lai; son: David; daughters: Grace Malonai, Joyce Geisinger, Ruth Likio, Lily Chan. Funeral: July 30, 2021, San Lorenzo, Calif.
LANGE, JAMES ALVIN REV., April 5, 1929, McClusky, N.D., to June 30, 2021, Weldon Springs, Mo.; son of Alvin and Selma (Lohoefner) Lange; graduated St. Louis Seminary 1982. Served 1982-1994. Ministry/Parish: Glen Burnie, Md.; Southeastern District Circuit Visitor 1988-1994. Retired 1994. Survivors: Grace (Grossheim) Lange; son: Martin; daughter: Rebecca. Funeral: July 7, 2021, St. Charles, Mo.; Interment: July 7, 2021, St. Louis. Mo.
MCKELVEY, DONALD BYRON SR. REV., April 4, 1933, Detroit, Mich., to June 13, 2021, O’Fallon, Ill.; son of Byron and Ester McKelvey; colloquy 1987. Served 1987-1998. Ministries/Parishes: Brussels, Lebanon, Ill. Retired 1998. Survivors: Jean (Winning) McKelvey; sons: Donald Jr., Stephen, Scott, Timothy; daughter: Sandra Williams. Funeral and Interment: June 18, 2021, Livonia, Mich.
MUSGROVE, ALVIN WILLIAM JR. REV., Sept. 15, 1932, Westfield, Texas, to July 26, 2021, Cypress, Texas; son of Alvin Sr. and Leona (Mittelstedt) Musgrove; graduated St. Louis Seminary 1958. Served 1958-1997. Ministries/Parishes: Andover, Ferney, S.D.; Katy, Cypress, Texas. Preceded in death by his daughter Suzan. Survivors: Elva (Sanders) Musgrove; son: Jeffrey; daughters: Celeste, Colette Lau. Funeral: Aug. 4, 2021, Cypress, Texas; Interment: Aug. 4, 2021, Houston, Texas.
RALL, EUGENE E. REV., Feb. 1, 1927, Sheridan County, Kan., to July 18, 2021, Davenport, Iowa; son of Eugene and Irene (Richter) Rall; graduated St. Louis Seminary 1956. Served 1956-1992. Ministries/Parishes: Pearsall, McAllen, Texas; Richfield, Chisholm, Warren, Radium, Minn.; Clinton, Iowa. Retired 1992. Preceded in death by his wife Geraldine (Thane) Rall. Survivors: sons: Timothy, David; daughter: Christine Sorenson. Funeral and Interment: July 22, 2021, Clinton, Iowa.
SCHULTZ, RONALD L. REV., Nov. 10, 1930, Kenosha, Wis., to June 16, 2021, Berlin, Wis.; son of Ferdinand and Emma (Kipp) Schultz; graduated Thiensville Seminary 1958. Served 1958-1994. Ministries/Parishes: South Shore, Philip, Milesville, S.D.; Columbus, Neb.; Washburn, LaRose, Ill.; Decatur, Ind.; Hillpoint, Neshkoro, Montello, Westfield, Wis. Retired 1994. Survivors: Lovella (Schmidt) Schultz; son: Rev. Andrew; daughters: Maria Urban, Sarah Thorpe, Anna Madigan, Elizabeth Christenson. Funeral and Interment: June 24, 2021, Neshkoro, Wis.
SEITZ, RONALD W. REV., Nov. 20, 1933, Baltimore, Md., to Jan. 22, 2021, Jackson, Mich.; son of Wilmer and Lillian (Bowman Killian) Seitz; graduated Springfield Seminary 1962. Served 1962-1977. Ministries/Parishes: Kinnear, Dubois, Wyo.; Ellendale, N.D.; South Bend, Ind. Retired 2012. Preceded in death by his son Douglas. Survivors: Olga (Arriaga) Seitz; sons: Linden, Timothy; daughters: Jane Boyle, Sarabeth Corbett. Celebration of Life: Michigan Center, Mich.
THOMPSON, RICHARD BERNARD REV. DR., April 27, 1939, San Francisco, Calif., to July 8, 2021, Lincoln, Calif.; son of Harold and Tatiana Thompson; graduated Springfield Seminary 1964. Served 1964-1970, 1980-1991, 1998-2005. Ministries/Parishes: Eureka, Mont.; San Jose, San Francisco, Calif.; Obot Idim, Nigeria; Chugiak, Alaska; Shreveport, Clinton, La. Retired 2005. Survivors: Doris (Wisman) Thompson; sons: Todd, Bradley; daughters: Rachel Bate, Samantha.
VINCENT, ARTHUR MARION REV. DR., March 20, 1918, Mena, Ark., to Dec. 17, 2020, Charlotte, N.C.; son of Clarence and Lydia (Leathers) Vincent; graduated St. Louis Seminary 1946. Served 1946-1978. Ministries/Parishes: Alton, Ill.; U.S. Airforce Military Chaplain; St. Louis, Mo. Retired 1978. Preceded in death by his wife Joanna (Eckstein) Vincent. Survivors: Nancy (Mather) Vincent; son Michael; stepson: Michael; stepdaughters: Julie, Susan, Stephanie. Funeral: Dec. 12, 2020, Matthews, N.C.; Interment: Dec. 15, 2020, Blowing Rock, N.C.
ZIEKERT, WILFRED LEONARD REV., Feb. 7, 1929, Chicago, Ill., to July 24, 2021, Branson, Mo.; son of Adolph and Hilda (Hoppenrath) Ziekert; graduated Springfield Seminary 1955. Served 1955-1991. Ministries/Parishes: Cape Girardeau, Branson, Mo.; Rensselaer, Goodland, Ind.; Morrison, Ill.; Bonner Springs, Lyons, Kan. Retired 1991. Survivors: Dorothy (Meyer) Ziekert; daughters: Kathy O’Dea, Lora Vomhof, Sara Rolf. Celebration of Life: Aug. 14, 2021, Branson, Mo.; cremation.
COMMISSIONED
ARLDT, JUDITH L. (ROBISON), March 8, 1940, Akron, Ohio, to April 4, 2021, Austin, Texas; daughter of Howard Sr. and Erna Robsion; graduated Austin 1985. Served 1986-1999. School/Ministry: Austin, Texas. Retired 1999. Survivors: Frank Arldt; son: James; daughter: Linda Becker. Funeral: April 10, 2021, Austin, Texas.
DIERKS, WERNER EUGENE, Dec. 18, 1922, W. Bloomfield, Wis., to July 24, 2021, Ft. Wayne, Ind.; son of August and Bertha (Hakeneis) Dierks; graduated River Forest 1944. Served 1944-1985. Schools/Ministries: Elmwood Park, Ill.; Ft. Wayne, Ind. Retired 1985. Preceded in death by his wives Evelyn Dierks, Maxine Dierks and son Duane. Survivors: sons: Dick, David; daughter: DeAnn. Funeral and Interment: July 29, 2021, Ft. Wayne, Ind.
ELMSHAEUSER, ORVILLE LEONARD, Jan. 23, 1934, Ogallala, Neb., to June 16, 2021, Bettendorf, Iowa; son of Leonard and Elizabeth (Twiestmeyer) Elmshaeuser; graduated Seward 1955. Served 1955-1994. Schools/Ministries: Evansville, Ind.; Lincoln, Neb.; Cedar Rapids, Wilton, Iowa. Retired 2001. Survivors: Vera (Schulz) Elmshaeuser; son: Karl; daughters: Beth Campbell, Sarah Stellick, Maria Hansen. Funeral: June 19, 2021, Eldridge, Iowa; Interment: Ogallala, Neb.
KOENIG, DAVID LEE, March 11, 1939, Wichita Falls, Texas, to March 9, 2021, Amarillo, Texas; son of Norman and Allene (Bevers) Koenig; graduated Seward 1961. Served 1961-1995. Schools/Ministries: Chattanooga, Tenn.; Wichita, Kan.; St. Louis, Mo.; McAllen, Austin, Texas. Retired 1995. Preceded in death by his son Jonathan. Survivors: Rhoda (Gorthy) Koenig; son: Christopher; daughter: Janet Schwartzenberg. Memorial Service: March 13, 2021, Amarillo, Texas.
KUNZ, REYNOLD WALTER, June 25, 1934, St. Louis, Mo., to June 19, 2021, Ft. Worth, Texas; son of Theodore and Elsa (Faerber) Kunz; graduated River Forest 1956. Served 1956-1999. Schools/Ministries: Evansville, Ind.; Houston, Tomball, Friendswood, Corpus Christi, Texas; Knoxville, Tenn. Retired 1999. Survivors: Ann (Drews) Kunz; son: David; daughter: Enid. Funeral: June 24, 2021, Ft. Worth, Texas.
MILZ, GEORGE DAVID, April 2, 1930, Detroit, Mich., to June 19, 2021, Livonia, Mich.; son of George and Esther (Hanow) Milz; colloquy 1984. Served 1995-2017. School/ Ministry: Redford, Mich. Retired 2017. Survivors: Margie (Rinnas) Milz; sons: Rev. David, Stephen; daughters: Elaine Gavin, Amy. Funeral and Interment: June 25, 2021, Livonia, Mich.
WILLIAMS, JOHN HERBERT, May 11, 1954, Kansas City, Mo., to June 18, 2021, Kingwood, Texas; son of Herbert and Helen (O’Connor) Williams; graduated St. Paul 1976. Served 1983-2016. Schools/ Ministries: Bethany, Okla.; Kingwood, Texas. Retired 2016. Survivors: Lynn (Kroonblawd) Williams; son: Sean; daughters: Sara, Kristen Huntington, Erin, Memorial Service: July 10, 2021, Kingwood, Texas.
CORRECTION
HALFMANN, WALTER K., Jan. 16, 1947, Flushing, N.Y., to March 10, 2021, Tampa, Fla.; son of Walter and Clare (Banker) Halfmann; graduated Seward 1968. Served 1968-2006. Schools/Ministries: Vincennes, Seymour, Ft. Wayne, Ind.; Staten Island, Buffalo, N.Y.; Saginaw, Mich.; Tampa, Fla. Retired 2006. Survivors: Norma (Rhone) Halfmann; daughter: Meredith Ackerman. Celebration of Life: June 12, 2021, Tampa, Fla.
IN MEMORIAM (December 2021)
Obituary information is provided by district offices to the Synod’s Office of Rosters and Statistics. Any questions about content should be referred, therefore, to the appropriate district office. — Ed.
ORDAINED
APPEL, VERNON LEE REV., Aug. 14, 1938, Kit Carson, Colo., to Aug. 26, 2021, Colorado Springs, Colo.; son of Tobias and Freda Appel; colloquy 2018. Served 2018-2021. Ministry/Parish: Childress, Texas. Retired 2021. Survivors: Ruby (Frey) Appel; sons: Ronald, Jerry, Troy, Kevin, Michael; daughter: Maria Streckfus. Celebration of Life and Interment: Sept. 2, 2021, Lamar, Colo.
BEHLING, HENRY WILLIAM REV., Feb. 28, 1932, Boyne City, Mich., to Sept. 4, 2021; son of Harry and Gertrude (Stenke) Behling; graduated Springfield Seminary 1958. Served 1958-1996. Ministries/Parishes: Langford, Sidney, British Columbia, Canada; Lakefield, Okabena, Minn.; Hot Springs Village, Ark. Retired 1996. Preceded in death by his wife Barbara (Schroeder) Behling. Survivors: daughters: Ann Stuhr, Karen Beyer, Valerie Timm, Emily Rogers, Victoria Weber. Funeral and Interment: Sept. 10, 2021, Hot Springs Village, Ark.
BEHLING, ROBERT EDWARD REV., May 13, 1957, Yorkton, Saskatchewan, Canada, to Sept. 13, 2021, Park Rapids, Minn.; son of Rev. Edward and Rose (Heinamaki) Behling; graduated Ft. Wayne Seminary 1985. Served 1985-2021. Ministries/Parishes: Underwood, Hazen, N.D.; Revillo, Milbank, Howard, S.D.; Twin Valley, Minn.; Minnesota North Circuit Visitor 2015-2018. Funeral: September 22, 2021, Twin Valley, Minn.; Interment: Sept. 22, 2021, Park Rapids, Minn.
BLAKELOCK, BARTON BRUCE REV., June 14, 1937, Buffalo, N.Y., to July 26, 2021, Kingwood, Texas; son of Wallace and Bernice Blakelock; graduated Springfield Seminary 1966. Served 1966-1989, 1993-2021. Ministries/Parishes: Orange, Cleveland, New Caney, Texas. Preceded in death by his son William and daughter Elizabeth. Survivors: Sandra (Berkins) Blakelock; sons: Paul, Jonathan, Mark, Matthew; daughters: Pamela Caswell, Tabatha Coon. Celebration of Life: Aug. 8, 2021, Kingwood, Texas; cremation.
BRASSIE, STUART WAYNE REV. DR., March 29, 1948, Lafayette, Ind., to August 22, 2021, Ballwin, Mo.; son of Paul and Doris (Breedlove) Brassie; graduated Ft. Wayne Seminary 1977. Served 1977-2017. Ministries/Parishes: Grandbury, Texas; Dunlap, Ill.; Ellisville, St. Louis, Mo.; Central Illinois District Circuit Visitor 1985-1988. Retired 2017. Survivors: Alice (Wegner) Brassie; sons; Kenneth, Joel; daughter: Amy. Memorial Service: Sept. 18, 2021, Eureka, Mo.
BRILLINGER, OTTO ARNOLD REV., April 3, 1931, Plokschen, Lithuania, Europe, to Sept. 13, 2021, Decatur, Ind.; son of Alexander and Helene (Reutler) Brillinger; graduated Springfield Seminary 1964. Served 1964-1993. Ministries/Parishes: New Hamburg, Tavistock, Kingsville, Ontario, Canada; Decatur, Ind.; Chicago, Ill.; Spring, Giddings, Texas; Glen Arbor, Good Harbor, Mich. Retired 1993. Preceded in death by his wife Mildred (Evenson) Brillinger and daughter Carol. Survivors: son: Daniel; daughter: Catherine Carr. Funeral: Sept. 22, 2021, E. Decatur, Ind.; Interment: Sept. 22, 2021, Noblesville, Ind.
BUCKMAN, ROBERT A. REV., June 18, 1933, Ringle, Wis., to Aug.15, 2021, Wisconsin Rapids, Wis.; son of Raymond and Helen (Post) Buckman; graduated St. Louis Seminary 1960. Served 1960-2014. Ministries/Parishes: Elbow Lake, Barrett, Minn.; Wisconsin Rapids, Vesper, Wis. Retired 2014. Preceded in death by his wife Carol (Kuechle) Buckman. Survivors: sons: Thomas, David, Robert; daughter: Linda Baranowski. Funeral and Interment: Aug. 21, 2021, Wisconsin Rapids, Wis.
CODAY, TERRY JOHN REV., July 6, 1947, Ladysmith, Wis., to Sept. 15, 2021, Port Lavaca, Texas; son of John and Mildred (Balko) Coday; graduated St. Louis Seminary 1996. Served 1996-2007, 2011-2018. Ministries/Parishes: Auburn, N.Y.; Blytheville, Ark.; Taylor, Texas. Retired 2018. Survivors: Mary (Walsh) Coday; son: Jack; daughter: Jody.
DRETKE, JAMES PAUL REV. DR., Aug. 18, 1931, Manawa, Wis., to Aug. 24, 2021, N. Richland, Texas; son of Arnold and Velma (Burgess) Dretke; graduated St. Louis Seminary 1956. Served 1956-2001. Ministries/Parishes: Nigeria, Ghana, Long Beach, Pasadena, Calif. Retired 2001. Preceded in death by his wife Barbara (Biar) Dretke and daughter Debra Koenig. Survivors: sons: Douglas, David; daughters: Diana Baldys, Denise Lambert. Funeral: Oct. 10, 2021, Hurst, Texas.
FITZPATRICK, DENNIS GARY REV., Oct. 9, 1949, Pittsburgh, Pa., to Sept. 13, 2021, Kankakee, Ill.; son of Robert and Fern (Ferguson) Fitzpatrick; colloquy 1984. Served 1984-2017. Ministries/Parishes: Chicago, Ill.; W. Bloomfield, Mich.; Blytheville, Ark.: Northern Illinois District Circuit Visitor 1992-1996. Retired 2017. Survivors: Marsha (Carlson) Fitzpatrick; sons: Rev. Dennis Jr., Aaron; daughter: DeAnn Saykawlard. Funeral: Oct. 9, 2021, Menteno, Ill.
GALL, THEODORE CASPER REV., Nov. 9, 1952, Racine, Wis., to Aug. 19, 2021, Effingham, Ill.; son of Ellis and Leona Gall; foster parents: Ferdinand and Angelina Gall; graduated St. Louis Seminary 1979. Served 1979-2019. Ministries/Parishes: Murdo, Draper, S.D.; Mandan, N.D.; Morton, Springfield, Effingham, Ill. Retired 2019. Survivors: Ruth (March) Gall; son: Rev. Timothy. Funeral: Aug. 25, 2021, Effingham, Ill.; Interment: Aug. 27, 2021, Atalissa, Iowa.
GROTELUSCHEN, NORMAN LUTHER REV., Nov. 18, 1924, Columbus, Neb., to July 23, 2021, Germantown, Tenn.; son of Adolf and Kathryn (Finke) Groteluschen; graduated St. Louis Seminary 1949. Served 1949-1991. Ministries/Parishes: Midwest City, Okla.; Bristol, Whitehaven, Memphis, Tenn.; Mid-South District President 1985-1991. Retired 1991. Preceded in death by his wife Margaret (Jones) Groteluschen. Survivors: sons: Richard, Ronald; daughter: Rebecca Stewart. Memorial Service: July 29, 2021, Memphis, Tenn.
HANCHETT, MARK DANIEL REV., Nov. 12, 1963, Buffalo, N.Y., to Sept. 7, 2021, Akron, Ohio; son of Larry and Annette Hanchett; graduated St. Louis Seminary 2013. Served 2013-2021. Ministry/Parish: Akron, Ohio; Ohio District Circuit Visitor 2016-2019. Survivors: Kathleen Hanchett; sons: Craig, Jacob; daughter: Kaitlyn Blackford. Celebration of Life: Sept. 13, 2021, Akron, Ohio; Interment: Sept. 13, 2021, Tallmadge, Ohio.
HASBARGEN, ROY M. REV.,May 4, 1928, Menahga, Minn., to Sept. 27, 2021, St. Cloud, Minn.; son of Rudolph and Ida (Hemple) Hasbargen; graduated Springfield Seminary 1959. Served 1959-1990. Ministries/Parishes: Greenleaf, Kan.; Minden, West Point, Neb.; Denison, Iowa; Dumont, Herman, Minn.; Minnesota North District Circuit Visitor 1990-1992. Retired 1990. Survivors: Marie (Kuebler) Hasbargen; sons: Mark, Carl, Rahn; daughters: Brenda Faust, Carol. Funeral and Interment: Aug. 2, 2021, Monson Township, Minn.
HEMPELMANN, L. DEAN REV. DR., Feb. 15, 1939, Malta Bend, Mo., to Aug. 29, 2021, Bend, Ore.; son of Ludwig and Katherine (Schnackenberg) Hempelmann; graduated St. Louis Seminary 1965. Served 1966-2007. Ministries/Parishes: Selah, Wash.; Salem Ore.; St. Louis, Affton, Mo.; Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Texas District Circuit Visitor 2015-2018. Retired 2007. Preceded in death by his son Michael Allen. Survivors: Catherine (Haake) Hempelmann; son: Michael Dean; daughters: Cheryl, Lisa. Memorial Service: Sept. 29, 2021, Georgetown, Texas.; Interment: Sept. 10, 2021. Rosebud, Mo.
HERMAN, DON O. REV., April 7, 1928, Sheboygan, Wis., to Sept. 5, 2021, El Dorado Hills, Calif.; son of Melvin and Hermina (Hatt) Herman; graduated Springfield Seminary 1955. Served 1955-1993. Ministry/Parish: Placerville, Calif. Retired 1993. Preceded in death by his wives Elizabeth (Debraal) Herman and Anita (Hirst) Herman. Survivors: Beth (Drawbaugh) Herman; son: David; daughters: Lisa Brown, Nancy Smith; stepson: Jeffery White; stepdaughters: Sharon Powell, Cynthia Bruce. Memorial Service: Sept. 18, 2021, Cameron Park, Calif.
HINZ, ROBERT L. REV., Sept. 14, 1945, Sheboygan, Wis., to Aug. 9, 2021, Bradenton, Fla.; son of Alfred and Viola (Schultz) Hinz; graduated St. Louis Seminary 1977. Served 1977-2001. Ministries/Parishes: Baton Rouge, New Orleans, La.; Sunderland, Odenton, Md.; Southeastern District Circuit Visitor 1999-2001. Retired 2012. Survivor: Janet Hinz. Memorial Service: Aug.16, 2021 Bradenton, Fla.; Interment: Bradenton, Fla.
JOHNSON, HARVEY GLENN REV., Nov. 18, 1932, Zimmerman, Minn., to August 15, 2021, Tulsa, Okla.; son of Eddie and Hattie (Myer) Johnson; graduated Springfield Seminary 1967. Served 1967-2003. Ministries/Parishes: Backus, Hackensack, Cambridge, Hinckley, Braham, Minn.; Winnie, Texas; Edgerton, Wis.; Fresno, Calif. Retired 2003. Survivors: Pauline (Smith) Johnson; sons: John, Edward, Matthew; daughters: Mary, Rebecca, Rachel. Funeral and Interment: Aug. 19, 2021, Tulsa, Okla.
JONES, RONALD W. REV. DR., Jan. 13, 1945, Kansas City, Mo., to July 29, 2021, Coon Rapids, Minn.; son of William and Barbara (Cotts) Jones; graduated St. Louis Seminary 1970. Served 1970-2015. Ministries/Parishes: High Ridge, Mo.; Bronxville, Bronx, N.Y.; Austin, Lubbock, Texas; Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Minot, N.D.; Raritan, N.J.; SELC District Circuit Visitor 2010-2015. Retired 2015. Survivors: Katherine Jones; sons: Matthew, Stephen. Memorial Service: Minn.
KOLLMEYER, GLEN CHARLES REV., Dec. 22, 1920, Diggins. Mo., to Aug. 11, 2021, Fayetteville, Ga.; son of Gus and Rosie (Hunholtz) Kollmeyer; graduated St. Louis Seminary 1947. Served 1947-1982. Ministries/Parishes: Odessa, San Angelo, Baytown, Burelson, Texas: Enid, Okla. Retired 1982. Preceded in death by his wives Doris (Meyer) Kollmeyer, Eleanor Kollmeyer, Wanda (Durham) Kollmeyer. Survivors: sons: Justin, Marty; daughter: Glenda Ferguson. Funeral: Fayetteville, Ga.; Interment: Enid, Okla.
KROLL, CHARLES DOUGLAS REV. DR., June 19, 1949, Florence, S.C., to Aug. 3, 2021, Williamsburg, Va.; son of Clifford and Martha (Gasque) Kroll; graduated St. Paul Seminary 1980. Served 1981-1999. Ministries/Parishes: San Diego, La Verne, Pomona, Calif. Retired 2009. Survivors: Lana (Gerling) Kroll; sons: Timothy, Matthew. Interment: Riverside, Calif.
KUSKO, JAMES D. REV., Jan. 1, 1943, E. Cleveland, Ohio, to July 31, 2021, Morrisdale, Pa.; son of Joseph and Lillian (Kostura) Kusko; graduated St. Louis Seminary 2005. Served 2006-2014. Ministries/Parishes: Morrisdale, Punxsutawney, Pa.; Eastern District Circuit Visitor 2009-2013. Retired 2014. Survivors: Karen (Kiefer) Kusko; daughters: Barbara Parks, Katherine Miller, Elizabeth, Margaret. Funeral: Aug. 20, 2021, Morrisdale, Pa.
KROGEN, JOEL RICHARD REV., March 25, 1965, Worland, Wyo., to July 26, 2021, Batesville, Ark.; son of Richard and Lorna (Neumann) Krogen; graduated Ft. Wayne Seminary 2005. Served 2005-2021. Ministries/Parishes: Batesville, Waldenburg, Ark.; Mid-South District Circuit Visitor 2015-2021. Survivors: Veronica (Arrington) Krogen; sons: Tim, Matt; daughter: Laura Steinbacher. Funeral: July 31, 2021, Batesville, Ark.; Interment: Aug. 5, 2021, Sherwood, Ark.
MILINER, DERRICK KEITH REV. July 3, 1960, Gadsden, Ala., to Aug. 9, 2021, Laurel, Md.; son of Leon and Margaret (Williams) Miliner; SMP certified 2017. Served 2017-2019. Ministry/Parish: Laurel, Md. Retired 2019. Survivors: Robin Miliner; daughters: Delreka Johnson, Danielle, Grace. Memorial Service: Sept. 4, 2021, Laurel, Md.
NEUMANN, PAUL D. REV., Jan. 22, 1956, Honolulu, Hawaii, to July 30, 2021, Baytown, Texas; son of Donald and Phyllis Neumann; graduated St. Louis Seminary 1982. Served 1982-1987, 1990-1993, 1996-2021. Ministries/Parishes: Hudson, Colo.; Palestine, Jacksonville, Fairview, Fairfield, Baytown, Texas. Survivors: Laura (Spangler) Neumann; son: Andrew; daughter: Lacey Tobias. Funeral: Aug. 7, 2021, Baytown, Texas; cremation.
PLATZER, MARTIN MEYER REV. DR., March 28, 1946, Highland Park, Ill., to Aug. 14, 2021, Hartwell, Ga.; son of Hans and Edith (Meyer) Platzer; graduated St. Louis Seminary 1972. Served 1972-1974, 1980-2011. Ministries/Parishes: Lariat, Texas; Doraville, Atlanta, Ga. Retired 2011. Survivors: Kay (Palacko) Platzer; daughters: Katherine Heyen, Jennifer Schroeder. Funeral: Hartwell, Ga.
RAABE, BERNARD OTTO REV. DR., Nov. 16, 1922, Wisner, Neb., to July 20, 2021, Phoenix, Ariz.; son of Otto and Amelia (Hoefs) Raabe; graduated Springfield Seminary 1947. Served 1947-1989. Ministries/Parishes: Spencer, Neb.; Fairview, Kan.; Milwaukee, Wis.; Aurora, Colo.; St. Louis, Mo. Retired 1989. Survivors: Evelyn (Wessler) Raabe; sons: Thomas, Paul; daughters: Mary Bolognini, Rebecca O’Reilly. Funeral: Aug. 7, 2021, Phoenix, Ariz.
SARESKY, EDWARD L. REV.,Oct. 5, 1928, Queens Village, N.Y., to Sept. 9, 2021, Webster, N.Y.; son of Edward and Edna (Frank) Saresky; graduated St. Louis Seminary 1953. Served 1953-1993. Ministries/Parishes: Wellsboro, Pa.; Penfield, N.Y. Retired 1993. Preceded in death by his wife Esther (Wolters) Saresky. Survivors: sons: Edward, Mark; daughters: Catherine, Patricia Claus. Funeral: September 16, 2021, Penfield, N.Y.; Interment: Sept. 17, 2021, Pittsford, N.Y.
SCHOLZ, JOHN G. REV., Feb. 2, 1927, Milwaukee, Wis., to Aug. 12, 2012, Medford, Ore.; son of Gerhard and Viola (Wilk) Scholz; graduated St. Louis Seminary 1951. Served 1951-1992. Ministries/Parishes: The Philippine Islands; Corvallis, Eagle Point, Ore.; Northwest District Circuit Visitor 1980-1991. Retired 1992. Preceded in death by his wife Eleanor (Hartwig) Scholz. Survivors: sons: Stephen, Gary, David; daughter: Kathryn. Memorial Service: Sept. 4, 2021, Medford, Ore.
SCHULTZ, GERALD NEIL REV. DR., Aug. 19, 1937, Detroit, Mich., to Sept. 3, 2021, Groveland, Fla.; son of Henry and Ruth (Warner) Schultz; graduated St. Louis Seminary 1963. Served 1963-1978, 1980-2018. Ministries/Parishes: Holland, Detroit, Mich.; Jacksonville, Orlando, Fla.; Statesboro, Ga. Retired 2018. Survivors: sons: Mark, James; daughter: Rebecca. Funeral: Sept. 22, 2021, Orlando, Fla.
SENTER, JOHN D. REV., March 29, 1931, Fredericktown, Mo., to Aug. 22, 2021, Metamora, Ill.; son of Roy and Ada (Hendrick) Senter; graduated St. Louis Seminary 1956. Served 1956-1994. Ministries/Parishes: Ft. Benton, Gerladine, Butte, Mont.; Leslie, Mo.; Wenona, Varna, Ill.; Central Illinois District Circuit Visitor 1990-1994. Retired 1994. Preceded in death by his wife Lois (Bierbaum) Senter. Survivors: sons: David Christian, David Allan; daughters: Anne, Maria Payne, Ellen Bugaieski. Funeral: August 26, 2021, Washington, Ill.; Interment: Aug. 26, 2021, Litchfield, Ill.
STEINKE, MARK ALAN REV., May 13, 1959, Midland, Mich., to Sept. 15, 2021, Inverness, Fla.; son of Walter and Vernadine (Brown) Steinke; graduated Ft. Wayne Seminary 1985. Served 1985-2007, 2019-2021. Ministries/Parishes: Rogers City, Coloma, Mich.; Columbus, Ohio; Inverness, Fla. Survivors: Laurie (Callies) Steinke; son: Timothy; daughter: Sarah Augustynowicz. Funeral: Sept. 22, 2021, Inverness, Fla.
UMBENHAUR, REXFORD E. III REV., Dec. 2, 1951, Fayetteville, N.C., to Aug. 2, 2021, Reno, Nev.; son of Rexford Jr. and Nancy (McConnell) Umbenhaur; graduated Ft. Wayne Seminary 2001. Served 2001-2017. Ministry/Parish: Westchester, Calif. Survivors: Kathleen (Kinkead) Umbenhaur; sons: Austin, Ryan, Alex, Rexford. Funeral: Aug. 18, 2021, Reno, Nev.; Interment: Aug. 18, 2021, Fernley, Nev.
VOELKER, WILLIAM ROGER REV., Oct. 5, 1944, Clay Center, Kan., to Sept. 8, 2021, St. Joseph, Mo.; son of William and Nya Voelker; graduated St. Louis Seminary 1970. Served 1970-2007. Ministries/Parishes: Wisner, Grand Island, Neb.; Keystone, Iowa. Retired 2007. Survivors: Judith (Westermann) Voelker; son: Rev. William; daughters: Julie Morris, Leah Hall. Memorial Service: Sept. 14, 2021, St. Joseph, Mo.
YATES, ALVEY ADEE JR. REV., Aug. 17, 1945, Isle of Pines, Cuba, to September 17, 2021, Tifton, Ga.; son of Alvey Sr. and Amparo Yates; graduated Ft. Wayne Seminary 1984. Served 1984-1991, 1997-2007. Ministries/Parishes: Miami, Fla.; El Paso, Texas. Retired 2013. Survivors: son: Alvey III.; daughters: Jackie, Allison, Jennifer, Darlene, Christy; stepdaughter: Andrea. Funeral: Miami, Fla.
COMMISSIONED
FREDEL, JOHN R., May 20, 1938, E. Chicago, Ind., to Aug. 14, 2021, Lake Mills, Wis.; son of John Sr. and Emma (Gull) Fredel; graduated Milwaukee 1964. Served 1995-2003. School/Ministry: Watertown, Wis. Retired 2003. Survivors: Bonita (Wohlhueter) Fredel; son: Andrew; daughters: Sarah Allen, Judith Bustard. Memorial Service: Sept. 3, 2021, Madison, Wis.; Interment: Sept. 4, 2021, Valparaiso, Ind.
HAAKE, DALE LEROY, Nov. 3, 1937, Daykin, Neb., to Sept. 22, 2021, Ft. Dodge, Iowa; son of Herman and Lydia Haake; graduated Seward 1959. Served 1959-1997. Schools/Ministries: Homewood, Ill.; Latimer, Ft. Dodge, Iowa. Retired 1997. Survivors: Jean (Nothwehr) Haake; son: Shawn; daughter: Ranae. Funeral and Interment: Sept. 27, 2021, Ft. Dodge, Iowa.
KINNETT, LINDA S. (REVELLE) DEAC., Aug. 11, 1950, Ironton, Mo., to September 13, 2021, Topeka, Kan.; daughter of Bascom and Veda (Sitzers) Revelle; graduated Ft. Wayne 2006. Served 2006-2018. School/Ministry: Topeka, Kan. Retired 2018. Survivors: Clayton Kinnett; son: Ben; daughter: Elizabeth Strickland. Funeral and Interment: Sept. 17, 2021, Topeka, Kan.
LUNSFORD, AMY JO (RISKE), Sept. 6, 1965, Ellsworth, Kan., to Jan. 20, 2021, Sugarland, Texas; daughter of Curtis and Donna Riske; graduated Austin 1987. Served 1987-2021. Schools/Ministries: Giddings, Houston, Texas. Survivors: Todd Lunsford; sons: Aaron, Jeffrey. Funeral: January 30, 2021, Houston, Texas; Interment: Jan. 30, 2021, Giddings, Texas.
SATTLER, EUGENE ALBERT, May 7, 1927, Waushara County, Wis., to July 11, 2021, Poy Sippi, Wis.; son of Leonard and Ida Sattler; graduated River Forest 1952. Served 1952-1994. Schools/Ministries: San Antonio, Texas; Napoleon, Ohio; Sheboygan, Wild Rose, Berlin, Wis. Retired 1994. Survivors: Doris (Tews) Sattler; sons: Karl, Paul, Philip, David; daughters: Martha Frater, Gretchen Greatens, Kristin Henke. Celebration of Life: July 18, 2021, Poy Sippi, Wis.; Interment: July 18, 2021, Waushara County, Wis.
STORCK, CHARLES L., Dec. 24, 1933, Nashville, Ill., to April 10, 2021, Clinton Township, Mich.; son of Leonard and Viola (Struckmeyer) Storck; graduated River Forest 1955. Served 1955-1996. Schools/Ministries: Wyandotte, Clinton Township, Mich. Retired 1996. Preceded in death by his wife Sharlon (Roehrig) Storck. Survivors: sons: Ronald, Kevin, Alan, Brian. Funeral: April 14, 2021, Fraser, Mich.; Interment: Macomb, Mich.
TESKE, INGEBORG LOUISE (WEINERT), April 27, 1939, Chicago, Ill., to Sept. 14, 2021, Chicago, Ill.; graduated River Forest 1987. Served 1987-2008. Schools/ Ministries: River Forest, Chicago, Ill. Retired 2008. Survivors: Otto Teske; sons: Walter, Erich. Funeral and Interment: Sept. 18, 2021, Chicago, Ill.
WEIDNER, DONALD R., Jan. 14, 1947, to Aug. 10, 2021. Florissant, Colo.; son of Richard and Lucille Weidner; graduated River Forest 1970. Served 1970-1985, 1987-2009. Schools/Ministries: St. Louis, Fenton, Mo.; Denver, Colo.; Perry, Okla.; Hoffman, Ill. Retired 2009. Survivors: Ellen (Brammer) Weidner; sons: Ben, Seth, Micah, Sam, Daniel, Luke; daughters: Rebecca, Elizabeth Zander. Memorial Service: Aug. 20, 2021, Woodland Park, Colo.
IN MEMORIAM (January 2022)
Obituary information is provided by district offices to the Synod’s Office of Rosters and Statistics. Any questions about content should be referred, therefore, to the appropriate district office. — Ed.
ORDAINED
BELK, JACK ARNOLD REV., Oct. 10, 1949, Detroit, Mich., to Oct. 16, 2021, Bloomington, Ind.; son of Bernard and Jean (Mundt) Belk; graduated Springfield Seminary 1975. Served 1975-2021. Ministries/Parishes: Medora, Leesville, Brownstown, Ind.; Fort Dodge, Iowa. Survivors: Elaine (Schwarz) Belk; sons: Philip, David; daughter: Lindsay Johnson. Funeral: Oct. 23, 2021, Seymour, Ind.; Interment: Oct. 24, 2021, Pinckneyville, Ill.
BERNTHAL, DAVID H. REV. DR., May 18, 1940, Highland, Ill., to Oct. 7, 2021, Juliette, Ga.; son of Harold and Lois (Richert) Bernthal; graduated Springfield Seminary 1971. Served 1971-2004. Ministries/Parishes: Columbus, Athens, Ga.; Miami, Winter Haven, Fla. Retired 2004. Survivors: Paulette Bernthal; sons: Michael, Steven; daughter: Michele Lenoir. Memorial Service: Oct. 16, 2021, Perry, Ga.
BROSTROM, DENNIS P. REV. DR., March 15, 1950, St. Paul, Minn., to Oct. 30, 2021, Duluth, Minn.; son of Donald and Marian (Johnson) Brostrom; colloquy 1999. Served 1999-2016. Ministries/Parishes: Silver Bay, Two Harbors, Minn. Retired 2016. Survivor: Karen (Andersen) Brostrom. Funeral: Nov. 18, 2021, Silver Bay, Minn.
BRUNING, ALTON JAMES REV., June 11, 1938, Middleport, N.Y., to Oct. 3, 2021, Ashland, Va.; son of Walter and Alice (Reaboldt) Bruning; graduated Springfield Seminary 1965. Served 1965-2000. Ministries/Parishes: Thermopolis, Wyo.; Wallingford, Conn.; Warren, Mich.; Independence, Ohio. Retired 2000. Survivors: Marge (Vogler) Bruning; son: Matthew; daughter: Bethany Hover. Memorial Service: Oct. 9, 2021, Richmond, Va.
FAERBER, RICHARD BERTRAND REV., March 1, 1919, Alexandria, La., to May 2, 2021, Mesa, Ariz.; son of Charles and Alethea (Jones) Faerber; graduated St. Louis Seminary 1943. Served 1943-1982. Ministries/Parishes: Wartburg, Camp Austin, Erwin, Morristown, Tenn.; Midland, Texas; Baguio City, Philippines; Rialto, Oceanside, Calif.; Western District Circuit Visitor 1950-1954; Southern California District Circuit Visitor 1972-1978. Retired 1982. Preceded in death by his wife Esther (Heidel) Faerber. Survivors: sons: Richard, Mark; daughters: Esther Daniels, Miriam Nichols.
GABRAM, GORDON O. REV., Sept. 5, 1927, Akron, Ohio, to May 15, 2021, Ellicott City, Md.; son of Otto and Bertha (Ziesmann) Gabram; graduated Springfield Seminary 1951. Served 1951-1980. Ministries/Parishes: Glendale, N.Y.; U.S. Army Military Chaplain; Norfolk, Va. Retired 1982. Survivors: Carol (Schafer) Gabram; daughters: Stephanie, Sheryl, Suzanne. Memorial Service: Oct. 21, 2021, Arlington, Va.
HERZOG, JOHN A. REV. DR., July 29, 1946, St. Louis, Mo., to Oct. 26, 2021, Chesterfield, Mich.; son of Arthur and Marie (Wildgrube) Herzog; graduated Springfield Seminary 1974. Served 1979-2011. Ministry/Parish: Detroit, Mich. Retired 2011. Survivors: Marlene (Federwitz) Herzog; sons: David, Scott. Funeral: Nov. 6, 2021, Detroit, Mich.
HINCK, DAVID EWALD REV., Aug. 30, 1941, Minneapolis, Minn., to Sept. 30, 2021, Bloomington, Minn.; son of Walter and Clara (Voehl) Hinck; graduated St. Louis Seminary 1967. Served 1967-1999. Ministries/Parishes: Montgomery, Ala.; River Falls, Wis.; Mounds View, Richfield, Minn.; Las Vegas, Nev.; Minnesota South District Circuit Visitor 1985-1987. Retired 1999. Survivors: sons: Jason, Aaron, Joshua. Funeral: Oct. 11, 2021, Minneapolis, Minn.
HOMANN, BRIAN PAUL EDWIN REV., April 26, 1991, Mattoon, Ill., to Oct. 14, 2021, Beardstown, Ill.; son of Ed and Lisa (Heddin) Homann; graduated Ft. Wayne Seminary 2021. Served 2021. Ministry/Parish: Beardstown, Ill. Preceded in death by his son August. Survivors: Emily (Hoffman) Homann; daughters: Alayna, Miriam. Funeral and Interment: Oct. 22, 2021, Mattoon, Ill.
HUMMEL, HORACE DWIGHT REV. DR., April 30, 1928, Fairbury, Neb., to Oct. 7, 2021, Escondido, Calif.; son of Lester and Malinda (Meeske) Hummel; graduated St. Louis Seminary 1951. Served 1953-1958, 1970-1994. Ministries/Parishes: Baltimore, Blenheim, Md.; Dubuque, Iowa; South Bend, Valparaiso, Westville, Otis, Ind.; St. Louis, Mo. Retired 1994. Preceded in death by his son Joel. Survivors: Ruth (Stevenson) Hummel; daughter: Eve. Memorial Service: Oct. 14, 2021, Escondido, Calif.; Interment: Daykin, Neb.
JESKE, ALVIN REV. Jan. 14, 1930, Milwaukee, Wis., to Oct. 11, 2021, Sumner, Iowa; son of Erich and Olga (Bauch) Jeske; graduated Springfield Seminary 1972. Served 1972-1995, 2006-2014. Ministries/Parishes: Kimball, Neb.; Sumner, Iowa; Motley, Verndale, Minn. Retired 2014. Survivors: Linda (Stein) Jeske; son: Bert; daughters: Ruth Hoeger, Carol Armbrecht, Sara O’Dell. Funeral: Oct. 16, 2021, Sumner, Iowa.
JOHNSON, SIDNEY VIRGIL REV., Jan. 18, 1938, Hamlin, Texas, to Sept. 23, 2021, Portland, Ore.; son of Sidney and Alvana (Echtentritz) Johnson; graduated St. Louis Seminary 1964. Served 1964-2008. Ministries/Parishes: Portland, Ore. Retired 2008. Survivors: Eileen Johnson; son: Robert; daughter: Jennifer. Funeral: Oct. 16, 2021, Portland, Ore.
KOEHLER, LUTHER ARTHUR REV., Oct. 24, 1929, St. Paul, Minn., to Oct. 2, 2021, Mankato, Minn.; son of Arthur and Florence (Broders) Koehler; graduated St. Louis Seminary 1954. Served 1954-2001. Ministries/Parishes: Duval, Estevan, Saskatchewan, Canada; Portage la Prairie, Manitoba, Canada; Adrian, LaMoure, N.D.; Arlington, Minn.; North Dakota District Circuit Visitor 1990-1991. Retired 2001. Preceded in death by his wife Mildred (Sauer) Koehler and daughter Susan Bittner. Survivors: sons: Thomas, Stephen, Brian; daughters: Deborah Kindelspire, Sarah. Graveside Service and Interment: Courtland, Minn.
KROGEN, RICHARD A. REV., March 31, 1936, Grand Forks, N.D., to Jan. 14, 2021, Blaine, Minn.; son of Arne and Martha (Bunhund) Kroeger; graduated Springfield Seminary 1964. Served 1964-2000. Ministries/Parishes: Worland, Wyo.; Blaine, Rochester, Minn.; Cheektowaga, N.Y.; Malvern, Ark.; Chattanooga, Tenn. Retired 2001. Preceded in death by his wife Lorna (Neumann) Krogen. Survivors: son: Joel; daughters: Suzanne Olson, Sharyn Ham. Funeral: Jan. 22, 2021, Mounds View, Minn.
LAZARCHAK, EDWARD R. REV., Jan. 27, 1942, Bethlehem, Pa., to Oct. 4, 2021, Teaneck, N.J.; son of Charles and Anna (Pekar) Lazarchak; colloquy 2005. Served 2008-2019. Ministry/Parish: Maywood, N.J. Retired 2019. Preceded in death by his wife Susan Lazarchak. Survivors: Donna Lazarchak; sons: Charles, Adam. Memorial Service: Oct. 16, 2021, Bethlehem, Pa.
LLOYD, JEFFREY ELWYN REV., Jan. 16, 1945, Milwaukee, Wis., to Oct. 1, 2021, Bates City, Mo.; son of Elwyn and Alice (Becker) Lloyd; graduated Springfield Seminary 1972. Served 1972-2007. Ministries/Parishes: Gordonville, Creighton, Appleton City, Perryville, Independence, Mo.; Montville, N.J. Retired 2007. Preceded in death by his wife LaVerne (Winkler) Lloyd. Survivors: daughters: Cindy Cary, Kris Reifel. Funeral: October 5, 2021, Oak Grove, Mo.; Interment: Oct. 6, 2021, Gordonville, Mo.
MCCABE, HILTON HERBERT REV., Jan. 27, 1936, Wendell, Idaho, to March 14, 2021, Prescott, Ariz.; son of Herbert and Mary (Klaas) McCabe; colloquy 1973. Served 1973-1998. Ministries/Parishes: Glenshaw, Pa.; Wendell, Gooding, Idaho; Watertown, Wis. Retired 1998. Survivors: Sandra (Weinrich) McCabe; sons: Stephen, Brian, Mark. Interment: March 31, 2021, Fargo, N.D.
MELMS, JOHN HARVEY REV., Aug. 23, 1948, Mt. Clemens, Mich., to Sept. 27, 2021, Sanford, N.C.; son of George and Verna (Fritch) Melms; graduated Ft. Wayne Seminary 2005. Served 2005-2015, 2018-2021. Ministries/Parishes: Pine Bluffs, Wyo.; Grover, Colo.; Southern Pines, Whispering Pines, N.C. Survivors: Mary (Hayes) Melms; sons: Robert, Kenneth, Christopher; daughters: Anne Shilling, Karen. Celebration of Life and Interment: Oct. 1, 2021, Sanford, N.C.
NABINGER, DAVID EARL REV., March 6, 1939, Cleveland, Ohio, to Oct. 18, 2021, Logansport, Ind.; son of Arthur and Frances (Graff) Nabinger; graduated Ft. Wayne Seminary 2006. Served 2006-2014. Ministry/Parish: Arcadia, Fla. Retired 2014. Survivors: Idella (Montgomery) Nabinger; sons: David, Johnathon, David Price, William Price; daughters: Bethe Warner, Beth (Price) Jackson. Funeral: Oct. 22, 2021, Winamac, Ind; Interment: Oct. 22, 2021, Logansport, Ind.
NORDMAN, MARK ANDREW REV., Feb. 19, 1961, Elmhurst, Ill., to Oct. 30, 2021, Cary, Ill.; son of Ronald and Marga (Wangerin) Nordman; graduated St. Louis Seminary 1987. Served 1987-2021. Ministries/Parishes: Pipestone, Minn.; Woodworth, Rochelle, Barrington, Blue Island, Ill. Survivors: Diane (Happel) Nordman; sons: Matthew, Joshua, David; daughter: Sarah. Funeral: Nov. 5, 2021, Palatine, Ill.; Interment: Nov. 5, 2021, Cary, Ill.
OERMANN, ERVIN RUDOLF REV., Feb. 18, 1927, York, Pa., to Oct. 14, 2021, Fernandino Beach, Fla.; son of Karl and Augusta (Schulz) Oermann; graduated St. Louis Seminary 1953. Served 1953-1988. Ministries/Parishes: Austin, Houston, Texas; Birmingham, Ala.; Opa Locka, N. Miami Beach, St. Petersburg, Jacksonville, Fla. Retired 1988. Preceded in death by his wife Betty (Arnold) Oermann. Survivors: Jan Oermann; sons: Timothy, David; daughter: Christa Gatchel. Memorial Service: Oct. 27, 2021, Jacksonville, Fla.
PARK, PAUL Y. REV., Nov. 23, 1938, Seoul, Korea, to March 25, 2021, Altadena, Calif.; son of Nae and Bok (Chung) Park; colloquy 1990. Served 1990-2004. Ministries/Parishes: Glendale, Northridge, Calif. Retired 2004. Survivors: daughters: Darleen, Christine.
PASK, WAYNE MARSHALL REV., May 2, 1947, Medina, N.Y., to Sept. 29, 2021, Ashland, Va.; son of Glenn and Marian Pask; graduated St. Louis Seminary 2004. Served 2004-2013. Ministry/Parish: Ashland, Va. Retired 2013. Survivors: Judith (Greenfield) Pask; daughter: Alida Brady. Memorial Service: Oct. 11, 2021, Mechanicsville, Va.
RATHJEN, H. DOUGLAS REV., Aug. 18, 1938, Portage, Wis., to June 9, 2021, Blacksburg, Va.; son of Ellis and Augusta (Henze) Rathjen; graduated St. Louis Seminary 1954. Served 1954-1973, 1976-1999. Ministries/Parishes: Wilmington, De. Odenton, Md.; St. Louis. Mo.; Norlina, N.C. Retired 2000. Survivors: Linda (Dickerson) Rathjen; sons: Jeremy Donaldson, Anthony, Christopher, Aaron Teller; daughter: Talitha Ponder. Memorial Service: June 18, 2021, Blacksburg, Va.
RICHARDSON, CARL J. REV., Dec. 24, 1935, Milan, Ind., to Nov. 2, 2021, Cedar Rapids, Iowa.; son of Thomas and Eva Richardson; colloquy 1970. Served 1982-2016. Ministries/Parishes: Cape Girardeau, Mo.; Coralville, Fayette, Sherrill, Iowa. Retired 2016. Survivors: son: Eric; daughter: Kimberly. Funeral: November 5, 2021, Marion, Iowa; Interment: Nov. 5, 2021, Sherrill, Iowa.
SCHROEDER, THEODORE WILLIAM REV., Oct. 7, 1939, Youngstown, Ohio, to February 9, 2021, Maple Grove, Minn.; son of Theodore and Verna Schroeder; graduated St. Louis Seminary 1965. Served 1965-1988. Ministries/Parishes: Carrollton, White Hall, Ill.; Liberty Center, Aurora, Ohio; Silver Bay, Two Harbors, Minn.; St. Louis, Mo. Retired 2005. Survivors: Ellen Schroeder; son: Ted; daughters: Kristen Hochmuth, Naomi Bretz. Memorial Service: Feb. 15, 2021, Plymouth, Minn.
SCHWANDT, JAMES L. REV., Aug. 5, 1932, Big Stone City, S.D., to Aug. 24, 2021, Sumner, Wash., son of Rev. Elmer and Elizabeth (Mueller) Schwandt; graduated St. Louis Seminary 1957. Served 1957-1999. Ministries/Parishes: Genoa, Hugo, Colo.; Salt Lake City, Utah; Woodinville, Wash. Retired 1999. Survivors: sons: David, Daniel; daughter: Julie.
SIGMON, STEPHEN D. REV., May 14, 1944, Newton, N.C., to June 1, 2021, Winston-Salem, N.C.; son of J. Lewis and Galdys (Whitener) Sigmon; graduated Springfield Seminary 1970. Served 1970-1997, 2002-2008. Ministries/Parishes: Lexington Park, Md.; Winston-Salem, Greensboro, N.C. Retired 2008. Survivors: Rosemary (Edwards) Sigmon; sons: Douglas, Jeffrey; daughter: Stephanie Smith. Memorial Service: June 10, 2021, Winston-Salem, N.C.
TRIMBERGER, DALE HUGO REV., Oct. 15, 1940, Granton, Wis., to Oct. 20, 2021, Chrisman, Ill.; son of Hugo and Minnie (Buddinger) Trimberger; graduated Ft. Wayne Seminary 1966. Served 1966-2001. Ministries/Parishes: Ann Arbor, Mich.; Poy Sippi, Marshfield, Wis.; St. Louis, Cape Girardeau, Mo.; Columbus, Ind. Retired 2001. Survivors: Karen (Hack) Trimberger; son: Joel; daughter: Ann Titus. Celebration of Life and Intermet: Oct. 25, 2021, Chrisman, Ill.
WHITE, HARRY W. REV., Sept. 16, 1935, Detroit, Mich., to Oct. 7, 2021, Birch Run, Mich; son of Harry Sr. and Agnes (Chernek) White; graduated Springfield Seminary 1960. Served 1960-2000. Ministries/Parishes: Hitchcock, Texas; Rogers City, Hawks, Harbor Beach, Birch Run, Flint, Mich. Retired 2000. Preceded in death by his son David. Survivors: Dorothy (Schulte) White; son: Mark; daughter: Mary Woodke. Funeral: Oct. 13, 2021, Frankenmuth, Mich.
COMMISSIONED
ERSLAND, JAC E LU (DEARDOFF), Jan. 2, 1953, Lincoln, Neb., to Oct. 11, 2021, Wichita, Kan.; daughter of Robert and Elda Deardoff; graduated Seward 1976. Served 2008-2016. School/Ministry: Oklahoma City, Okla. Retired 2016. Survivors: Rev. David Ersland; sons: Benjamin, Jacob, Michael; daughters: Rebekah Steffens, Jenny Myers, Margaret Mews. Funeral and Interment: Oct. 15, 2021, Wichita, Kan.
FASZHOLZ, EUGENE ROBERT, Sept. 25, 1929, St. Louis. Mo., to Oct. 11, 2021; son of Richard and Mamie (Krenning) Faszholz; graduated Seward 1958. Served 1958-1992. Schools/Ministries: San Leandro, Calif.; Seward, Neb.; Greendale, Wis. Retired 1992. Survivors: Marian (Backus) Faszholz; son: Gary; daughters: Jeanette Niemann, Karen Greve. Funeral and Interment: Oct. 15, 2021, Seward, Neb.
FRANK, DONALD DUANE, Nov. 17, 1937, Ord, Neb., to July 7, 2021, Cary, N.C.; son of Ernest and Cora Frank; graduated Seward 1959. Served 1959-1986. Schools/Ministries: Readlyn, Waterloo, Iowa; Bay City, Mich.; Hastings, Neb. Retired 2001. Preceded in death by his wife Sherry (Nothwehr) Frank; sons: David, Gary, daughter: Julie. Survivor: son: Randall. Memorial Service: Aug. 7, 2021, Schaumburg, Ill.
GREIMANN, STEVEN PAUL, Nov. 1, 1954, Sheffield, Iowa, to Jan. 31, 2021, Stover, Mo.; son of Paul and Arvilla (Snyder) Greimann; graduated Seward 1979. Served 1979-2018. Schools/Ministries: Stover, Kansas City, Freistatt, Cole Camp, Mo.; Dallas, Texas. Retired 2018. Survivors: Elaine (Waiser) Greimann; daughter: Rachel Oehrke. Funeral: Feb. 4, 2021, Cole Camp. Mo.; Interment: Feb. 4, 2021, Stover, Mo.
KRAATZ, RONALD A., July 14, 1951 to Oct. 4, 2021, Chicago, Ill.; graduated Seward 1973. Served 1973-2011. Schools/Ministries: Centralia, Des Plains, Skokie, Chicago, Ill.; Gretna, La.; Milwaukee, Portage, Wis.; Memphis, Tenn. Retired 2011. Survivor: Kathy (Wondero) Kraatz. Memorial Service: Oct. 14, 2021, Park Ridge, Ill.
ROLF, JOHN EUGENE, Jan. 19, 1953, Saginaw, Mich., to Oct. 25, 2021, Brighton, Colo.; son of Eugene and Elda Rolf; graduated River Forest 1975. Served 1988-2016. Schools/Ministries: Wayne, Mich.; Franktown, Colo.; Wenatchee, Wash. Survivors: Cheryl Rolf; daughters: Anna Smith, Jodi Polson, Nora, Mollie. Funeral: Nov. 2, 2021, Brighton, Colo.
SCHEMPF, RICHARD H., Oct. 10, 1932, Young America, Minn., to Oct. 6, 2021, Clarkston, Mich.; son of Victor and Ruth (Anderson) Schempf; graduated Seward 1955. Served 1955-1995. Schools/Ministries: Detroit, Adrian, Taylor, Clarkston, Mich. Retired 1995. Survivors: Meta (Grulke) Schempf; son: Michael; daughter: Joanne Walsh. Funeral: Oct. 11, 2021, Clarkston, Mich.; Interment: Livonia, Mich.
SNURKA, NANCY CAROL (SIPEREK), March 18, 1944, E. Detroit, Mich., to Sept. 24, 2021, Boulder, Colo.; daughter of John and Alice (Gornowicz) Siperek; graduated River Forest 1965. Served 1986-2004. School/Ministry: Centennial, Colo. Retired 2008. Survivors: Robert Snurka; sons: Jonathan, Robert Jr.; daughter: Lisa Finks. Memorial Service: Oct. 22, 2021, Broomfield, Colo.
TONN, GLORIA JANE (MUELLENBACH), Dec. 7, 1940, Milwaukee, Wis., to Oct. 17, 2021’ daughter of Edward Muellenbach; graduated River Forest 1968. Served 1973-1979, 1983-2011. School/Ministry: Milwaukee, Wis. Retired 2011. Preceded in death by her husband Dale Tonn. Survivor: son: Michael. Memorial Service and Interment: Oct. 29, 2021, Milwaukee, Wis.
WEBER, JOHN MARK, July 22, 1978, Phoenix. Ariz., to Oct. 30, 2021, Ft. Wayne, Ind.; son of Donald and Carey (Einem) Weber; graduated Seward 2001. Served 2002-2021. Schools/Ministries: Ft. Dodge, Iowa; Grand Island, Neb.; Decatur, New Haven, Ind.; Orange, Calif. Survivors: Sara (Masenthin) Weber; son: Gideon; daughters: Hannah, Naomi. Funeral and Interment: Nov. 5, 2021, New Haven, Ind.
WEGNER, RICHARD OTTO, Dec. 25, 1924 to Dec. 27, 2020; graduated River Forest 1946. Served 1946-2019. Schools/Ministries: Danbury, Conn.; Baltimore, Md. Retired 2019. Preceded in death by his wife Viola (Sauer) Wegner. Survivors: sons: Rick, Jay, D. Scott; daughter: Nancy Inners.
ZIELKE, DONALD HENRY, Aug. 8, 1938, Aurora, Ill., to Aug. 9, 2021, Austin, Texas; son of Henry and Emily Zielke; graduated River Forest 1967. Served 1967-2010. School/Ministry: Austin, Texas. Retired 2010. Preceded in death by his wife Dorothy Zielke. Survivors: sons: Jonathan, Daryl; daughters: Deborah, Cynthia. Memorial Service: Aug. 13, 2021, Austin, Texas.
IN MEMORIAM (April 2022)
Obituary information is provided by district offices to the Synod’s Office of Rosters and Statistics. Any questions about content should be referred, therefore, to the appropriate district office. — Ed.
ORDAINED
AUFDENKAMPE, CHARLES R. REV., April 9, 1945, Lakewood, Ohio, to Dec. 18, 2021, Evanston, Ill.; son of Raymond and Dorothy (Hagedorn) Aufdenkampe; graduated Springfield Seminary 1971. Served 1971-2004. Ministries/Parishes: Mobile, Ala.; Havertown, Pa.; Oberlin, Ohio; Chicago, Ill.; Tucson, Ariz. Retired 2004. Memorial Service: Chicago, Ill.
BUCK, GEORGE JR. REV., June 17, 1935, Mineola, N.Y., to Nov. 20, 2021, Parma, Ohio; son of George and Milda (Granz) Buck; graduated St. Louis Seminary 1960. Served 1960-1997. Ministries/Parishes: E. Northport, N.Y.; Valley City, Lancaster, Cleveland, Ohio. Retired 1997. Preceded in death by his wife Dorothy (Brune) Buck and daughter Teresa Uffelman. Survivors: sons: George, Jonathan, Mark; daughter: Katherine Dixon. Funeral: Nov. 30, 2021, Parma, Ohio: Interment: Nov. 30, 2021, Hinckley, Ohio.
BUEGE, RICHARD LEO REV., Sept. 1, 1928, Sturgeon Bay, Wis., to Jan. 9, 2022, Mankato, Minn.; son of Leo and Louise (Braemer) Buege; graduated Springfield 1955. Served 1955-1987, 1994-2009. Ministries/Parishes: Arcadia, Whitehall, Richland Center, Waldo, Wis.; Rosemount, Vernon Center, Burnsville, Minn. Retired 2009. Survivors: Delores (Larson) Buege; daughter: Julia Freeman. Funeral: Jan. 15, 2022, N. Mankato, Minn.; Interment: Jan. 17, 2022, Pigeon Falls, Wis.
BYE, THOMAS W. REV., May 11, 1950, Elmhurst, Ill., to Dec. 3, 2021, Hart, Mich.; graduated Fort Wayne 1981. Served 1981-2007, 2012-2021. Ministries/Parishes: Elgin, Minn.; Oshkosh, Wis.; Shelby, Mich. Retired 2021. Survivors: Jeralyn (Finney) Bye; daughters: Erika Sheridan, Maryann Storer. Memorial Service: Dec. 6, 2021, Shelby, Mich.
CLAUSEN, JULIUS BERNHARD REV., April 6, 1949, Havelock, Iowa, to Dec. 8, 2021, Aurora, Colo.; son of Herman and Frieda Clausen; graduated St. Louis Seminary 1975. Served 1975-2017. Ministries/Parishes: Denver, Edwards, Parker, Englewood, Colo.; Winfield, Kan.; St. Paul, Minn.; LaVerne, Calif.; Carson City, Nev. Retired 2017. Survivors: Donelle (Beckler) Clausen; sons: Brian, Christopher.
COX, STEVEN DOUGLAS REV., March 19, 1952, Portland, Ore., to Nov. 24, 2021, Vancouver, Wash.; graduated St. Louis Seminary 2006. Served 2006-2016. Ministries/ Parishes: Othello, Moses Lake, Pasco, Basin City, Mesa, Wash. Retired 2016. Survivors: Sandra (Lyles) Cox; son; John; daughters: Elizabeth Verbrugge, Margaret Gore, Caroline.
DESENS, MERWIN CARL REV., March 23, 1936, Milwaukee, Wis., to Oct. 22, 2021, Overland Park, Kan.; son of Carl and Emily (Kolbe) Desens; graduated St. Louis Seminary 1959. Served 1959-2000. Ministries/Parishes: Council Bluffs, Iowa; Lyons, Ill.; St. Louis, Monett, Kansas City, Mo.; Missouri District Circuit Visitor 1988-1992. Retired 2000. Survivors: Harriet (Mennicke) Desens; sons: Carl, Craig, Chris; daughters: Cheryl, Cindy Trivilino. Funeral: Nov. 8, 2021, Kansas City, Kan.
GIESEKING, DAVID EUGENE REV., July 21, 1958, Kansas City, Mo., to Nov. 14, 2021, Mexico Beach, Fla.; son of Marlyn and Marilyn (Baker) Gieseking; SMP certified 2016. Served 2016-2021. Ministries/Parishes: Mexico Beach, Fla. Preceded in death by his wife Elaine (Kolbus) Gieseking. Memorial Service: Nov. 24, 2021, Mexico Beach, Fla.
GOGOLIN, FLOYD EDWARD REV., July 3, 1936, Harrold, S.D., to Nov. 25, 2021, Oshkosh, Wis.; son of Walter and Ottilia (Lenz) Gogolin; graduated St. Louis Seminary 1963. Served 1963-2014. Ministries/Parishes: Milwaukee, Haven, Adams, Quincy, Wisconsin Rapids, Suring, Neshkoro, Westfield, Montello, Burnett, Wis.; Northwest District Circuit Visitor 1988-1990. Retired 2014. Survivors: Linda (Gess) Gogolin; son: John; daughters: Christine Engebrecht, Jean Thur. Funeral and Interment: Nov. 28, 2021, Oshkosh, Wis.
GROTH, MARLIN CHARLES REV., July 11, 1935, Courtland, Minn., to Jan. 5, 2022, Parma, Ohio; son of Carl and Rosa (Bartz) Groth; graduated St. Louis Seminary 1961. Served 1961-1965, 1968-2003. Ministries/Parishes: Neudorf, Saskatchewan, Canada; Scotia, N.Y.; Cleveland, Dayton, Graton, Ohio; Chicago, Dolton, Ill.; Northern Illinois District Circuit Visitor 1990-1992. Retired 2003. Preceded in death by his wife Barbara (Zilke) Groth. Survivors: sons: Christopher, Karl; daughters: Kathryn Bagby, Caryl Stewart. Funeral: Jan. 8, 2022, Parma, Ohio; Interment: Jan. 8, 2022, Cleveland, Ohio.
HAGEMEIER, FRED W. REV., June 26, 1936, Cincinnati, Ohio, to Nov. 21, 2021; son of Fritz and Louise (Hassebrock) Hagemeier; graduated St. Louis Seminary 1962. Served 1962-2006. Ministries/Parishes: Magnolia, Iowa; St. Louis, Mo.; Ft. Smith, Ark. Retired 2006. Survivors: Gayle (Evans) Hagemeier; sons: Paul, Timothy; daughters: Ruth Whitney, Deborah Mildenburger. Funeral and Interment: Nov. 26, 2021, Ft. Smith, Ark.
HAHN, ERNEST NORMAN REV., March 11, 1926, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, to Dec. 26, 2021, Canada; son of Rev. Ernest and Margueirte (Damkoehler) Hahn; graduated St. Louis Seminary 1952. Served 1952-1997. Ministries/Parishes: India; River Forest, Ill.; Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Retired 1997. Survivors: Greta (Trakis) Hahn; sons: Ernest, Theodore; daughter: Ingrid. Funeral: Dec. 31, 2021, Kitchener, Ontario, Canada; Interment: Dec. 31, 2021, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
HECKMANN, ROBERT GEORGE REV., April 13, 1927, Riesel, Texas, to Nov. 29, 2021, Kingsport, Tenn.; son of Edwin and Concordia Heckmann; graduated St. Louis Seminary 1951. Served 1951-1987. Ministries/Parishes: Oakland, Martinez, Rodeo, Calif.; New Melle, St. Louis, Mo.; Newark, Del.; Richmond, Va. Retired 1993. Preceded in death by his wife Marie (Fickenscher) Heckmann. Survivors; sons: Robert, Richard; daughters: Lois Windes, Mary Becker. Funeral and Interment: Dec. 11, 2021, Kingsport, Tenn.
HENTZ, ROBERT D. REV., Dec. 25, 1932, Hankinson, N.D., to Dec. 12, 2021, La Habra, Calif.; son of Peter Jr. and Alice (Brown) Hentz; graduated St. Louis Seminary 1955. Served 1959-1997. Ministries/Parishes: Huntington, S. Charleston, W. Va.; Denver, Colorado Springs, Colo.; Burbank, Calif.; Pacific Southwest District Circuit Visitor 1986-1994. Retired 1997. Survivors: Marion (Horstman) Hentz; son: Stephen; daughters: Barbara, Deborah, Pamela. Funeral: Dec. 22, 2021, Anaheim, Calif.
HORKEY, CHARLES ELMER REV., Jan. 16, 1951, Windom, Minn., to Jan. 14, 2022, Sioux City, Iowa; son of Gordon and Edna (Karo) Horkey; graduated St. Louis Seminary 1984. Served 1984-2011, 2021-2022. Ministries/Parishes: Schuyler, Howells, Tilden, Norfolk, S. Sioux City, Neb.; Wheaton, Minn.; Sioux City, Iowa.; Nebraska District Circuit Visitor 1995-1998. Survivors: Marsha (Pankow) Horkey; daughters: Anna Kobs, Jane Kreber. Funeral: Jan. 22, 2022, Sioux City, Iowa; Interment: Hankinson, S.D.
ISRAEL, JOHN WILLIAM REV., April 4, 1930, Huron, S.D., to Nov. 4, 2021, Loveland, Colo.; son of Rev. William and Esther (Schornack) Israel; graduated St. Louis Seminary 1956. Served 1956-1992. Ministries/Parishes: Lexington, Ottenheim, Ky.; Three Lakes, Eagle River, Tomahawk, Wis. Retired 1992. Survivors: Jean (Jauer) Israel; sons: Mark, David; daughter: Debra McCarthy. Memorial Service and Interment: Nov. 11, 2021, Loveland, Colo.
JACOB, PAUL G. REV., Dec. 11, 1957, India, to Dec. 13, 2021, Lakewood, Calif.; son of Rev. A. Jacob; graduated Holland Seminary. Served 2018-2021. Ministries/Parishes: Hollywood, Lakewood, Calif. Survivors: Elizabeth Jacob; daughter: Eugenia. Funeral: Dec. 22, 2021, Long Beach, Calif.; Interment: Dec. 30, 2021, Cypress, Calif.
KESSELMAYER, DARWOOD J. REV., March 20, 1927, Holgate, Ohio, to Nov. 30, 2021, Pekin, Ill.; son of Irvin and Kathryn (Barth) Kesselmayer; graduated St. Louis Seminary 1955. Served 1955-1991. Ministries/Parishes: Reno, Sparks, Nev.; O’Fallon, Mo.; Pekin, Ill. Retired 1991. Preceded in death by his wife Marian (Brauer) Kesselmayer. Survivors: sons: Michael, Steven, David; daughters: Kathryn Heisel, Karyn McCrystal, Kaye Shepherd. Funeral and Interment: Dec. 4, 2021, Pekin, Ill.
KORTH, DAIRD WAYNE REV., Nov. 9, 1954, Ft. Atkinson, Wis., to Dec. 12, 2021, Clear Lake, Iowa; son of Hilmer and Alice (Webb) Korth; graduated Ft. Wayne Seminary 1981. Served 1981-2021. Ministries/Parishes: Ventura, Elma, Iowa; Iowa East District Circuit Visitor 2000-2015. Preceded in death by his wife Carol (Schulz) Korth. Survivors: sons: Nicholas, Christopher. Inurnment: Ventura, Iowa.
KRUEGER, ROBERT HENRY REV., April 17, 1945, Minneapolis, Minn., to Nov. 13, 2021, Jordan, Minn.; son of Herman and Helma (Elling) Krueger; graduated Springfield Seminary 1971. Served 1971-2008, 2011-2021. Ministries/Parishes: Kakabeka Falls, Ontario, Canada; Fair Haven, Kimball, St. Paul, Prior Lake, Minn.; Minnesota South District Circuit Visitor 1990-1997. Preceded in death by his wife Linda (Pieper) Krueger. Survivors: Katherine (Klemp) Krueger; sons: Robert, Scott, Jonathan. Funeral and Interment: Nov. 19, 2021, Prior Lake, Minn.
LONEY, DANA W. REV., June 5, 1959, Cedar Rapids, Iowa, to Nov. 25, 2021, Waukesha, Wis.; son of Darrell and June (Blocker) Loney; graduated St. Louis Seminary 2005. Served 2005-2020. Ministries/Parishes: Slayton, Minn.; Sheboygan, Franklin, Wis.; Rome, Ga. Retired 2020. Survivors: Catherine (Weidler) Loney; son: Tyler; daughters: Jennifer Stuckey, Nicole Alton. Funeral: Dec. 4, 2021, Oconomowoc, Wis.; Buried at sea.
MILLER, JOHN ANDREW III REV., Sept. 27, 1940, Denton, Texas, to Dec. 11, 2021, Boise City, Okla.; son of John and Elsie (Peck) Miller; graduated Springfield Seminary 1973. Served 1973-1993, 1995-2021. Ministries/Parishes: Philippines; Delano, Calif; Garden City, Kan.; Boise City, Okla; Dalhart, Texas. Survivors: Anita (Schmidt) Miller; sons: Matthew, Aaron; daughters: Gretchen Pennington, Heather Zelikov. Memorial Service: Dec. 17, 2021, Dalhart, Texas.
MITCHELL, ROBERT EUGENE REV., June 9, 1949, Mineola, N.Y., to Dec. 11, 2021, Missoula, Mont.; son of John and Adele (Sengstacken) Mitchell; colloquy 1995. Served 1995-2007, 2010-2019. Ministries/Parishes: Bozeman, Deer Lodge, Mont.; Montana District Circuit Visitor 2004-2007. Retired 2019. Survivors: Michele (Bonder) Mitchell; son: Matthew; daughters: Genelle, Kathryn Woods, Keren. Funeral: January 2, 2022, Deer Lodge, Mont.: Interment: Jan. 2, 2022, Missoula, Mont.
MOORE THOMAS L. REV., Aug. 3, 1931, Brooklyn, N.Y., to Dec. 4, 2021, Oviedo, Fla.; son of Thomas and Elizabeth (Buck) Moore; graduated Springfield Seminary 1970. Served 1970-1972. Ministry/Parish: Garber, Okla. Retired 1993. Funeral: Jan. 8, 2022. Oviedo, Fla.
NELSON, RICHARD A. REV., Nov. 16, 1925, Crookston, S.D., to Dec. 20, 2021, Weatherford, Texas; son of Roy and Hannah (Hulst) Nelson; graduated Springfield Seminary 1954. Served 1954-1991. Ministries/Parishes: Britton, S.D.; Adair, Iowa; Okawville, Ill.; Port Hope, Nunica, Mich.; Hutchinson, Kan.; Weatherford, Texas; Texas District Circuit Visitor 1988-1991. Retired 1991. Survivors: sons: Frank, John, Paul, Mark; daughter: Mary. Funeral: Dec. 23, 2021, Weatherfod, Texas; Interment: Dec. 23, 2021, Granbury, Texas.
PANNIER, CLARENCE WILMER REV., Sept. 22, 1922, Granton, Wis., to Dec. 4, 2021, Davenport, Iowa; son of William and Clara (Eberhardt) Pannier; graduated Springfield Seminary 1962. Served 1962-1987. Ministries/Parishes: Charter Oak, Ida Grove, Urbandale, Sac City, Davenport, Iowa; Iowa East District Circuit Visitor 1986. Retired 1987. Preceded in death by his daughter Cheryl. Survivors: Marian (Winter) Pannier; sons: Gary, Randy, Steven, Philip; daughter: Dianne Marti. Funeral and Interment: Dec. 9, 2021, Davenport, Iowa.
PAULING, RUCLARE DAVID REV., Jan. 10, 1936, Cherokee, Iowa, to Nov. 22, 2021, Vacaville, Calif.; son of Rev. Clarence and Ruth (Johnson) Pauling; graduated St. Louis Seminary 1961. Served 1961-1983, 2010-2017. Ministries/Parishes: Bonners Ferry, Idaho; Ft. Renton, Geraldine, Mont.; Warrenville, Plainfield, Ill.; Fairbault, Minn.; Fairfield, Davis, Calif. Retired 2017. Survivors: Patricia (Nicolet) Pauling who has since passed away in January 2022; sons: Jeffrey, Matthew; daughters: Jennifer Featherstone, Rebecca. Memorial Service: Feb. 26, 2022, Vacaville, Calif.
PINGEL, JAMES ALLEN RICHARD REV. DR., Oct. 31, 1939, Shawano, Wis., to Nov. 19, 2021, Sun Prairie, Wis.; son of Clarence and Hildegarde (Buhrandt) Pingel; graduated St. Louis Seminary 1965. Served 1965-2005. Ministries/Parishes: Madison, Ohio; Edgerton, Sun Prairie, Wis. Retired 2005. Survivors: Alva (Herman) Pingel; sons: James, David, Mark; daughter: Lea Murray. Funeral: Nov. 22, 2021, Sun Prairie, Wis.; Interment: Nov. 23, 2021, Sun Prairie, Wis.
POPPE, LEONARD BRUCE REV., Oct. 23, 1959, Corpus Christi, Texas, to Aug. 15, 2021, Lincoln, Mo.; son of Clarence and Lucile (Bethke) Poppe; graduated Ft. Wayne Seminary 1987. Served 1987-2021. Ministries/Parishes: Columbus, Miss.; Lincoln, Mo.; Missouri District Circuit Visitor 2003-2009. Survivors: Karin (Hafermann) Poppe; son: Brian; daughter: Jennifer Loveday. Funeral and Interment: Aug. 26, 2021, Lincoln, Mo.
RABE, WALTER GAIL REV., May 11, 1933, Elmhurst, Ill., to Nov. 21, 2021, Elmhurst, Ill.; son of Walter and Renata Rabe; graduated St. Louis Seminary 1958. Served 1958-1997. Ministries/Parishes: Schaller, Pa.; St. Joseph, Mo.; Crystal Lake, Addison, Glencoe, Ill. Retired 1997. Preceded in death by his wife Carol (Diechmann) Rabe. Survivors: sons: Mark, Brian, Deane. Funeral and Interment: Nov. 27, 2021, Elmhurst, Ill.
RAKOS, GEORGE ALBERT REV., June 21, 1940, Tacoma, Wash., to Dec. 20, 2021, Anchorage, Alaska; son of Albert and Georgia Rakos; colloquy 2006. Served 2006-2015. Ministries/Parishes: Soldotna, Alaska; Northwest District Circuit Visitor 2014-2021. Retired 2015. Survivors: Carolyn (Theiss) Rakos; daughters: Jahna Pollock, Karen. Funeral: Dec. 30, 2021, Anchorage, Alaska; Interment: Anchorage, Alaska.
SCHMIDT, DON LEE REV., Sept. 5, 1949, Ft. Collins, Colo., to Jan. 12, 2022, Memphis, Tenn.; son of Robert Schmidt; graduated Ft. Wayne Seminary 1977. Served 1977-2022. Ministries/Parishes: Bertrand, Neb.; Slayton, Minn.; Cookeville, Memphis, Tenn.; Minnesota South District Circuit Visitor 1989-1991. Survivors: Marilee (Schneider) Schmidt; sons: Samuel, Andrew; daughters: Rebekah, Rachel. Funeral: Jan. 22, 2022, Memphis, Tenn.
SCHUDLICH, GERALD EMIL REV., Jan. 29, 1932, Manistee, Mich., to Oct. 27, 2021, Manistee, Mich.; son of Emil and Henrietta (Kolk) Schudlich; graduated St. Louis Seminary 1959. Served 1959-1994. Ministries/Parishes: DuBois, Punxsutawney, Pa.; Traverse City, Elk Rapids, Kingsley, Mich. Retired 1994. Survivors: Pearl (Hanebutt) Schudlich; son: Joel; daughters: Rebecca, Rachel Schlueter. Celebration of Life: Nov. 9, 2021, Manistee, Mich.
SCHUELEIN, VIRGIL L. REV., Feb. 16, 1933, Enid, Okla., to Dec. 3, 2021, San Antonio, Texas; son of Chester and Martha (Holtzen) Schuelein; graduated St. Louis Seminary 1958. Served 1958-1983. Ministries/Parishes: Menard, Brady, Texas; U.S. Airforce Military Chaplain; Franktown, Silverthorne, Colo.; Rocky Mountain District Circuit Visitor 1991-1994. Retired 1998. Survivors: sons: Chet, Scott, daughter: Virginia. Memorial Service: Jan. 8, 2022, Castle Rock, Colo.
SIEDSCHLAG, JOHN A. SR. REV., March 2, 1939, Rhinelander, Wis., to Jan. 11, 2022, Watertown, Wis.; so of Arthur and Anna Siedschlag; colloquy 1982. Served 1982-2009. Ministries/Parishes: Brussels, Ill.; Clyman, Land O’ Lakes, Necedah, New Miner, Webster, Wis.; South Wisconsin District Circuit Visitor 1988-1991; North Wisconsin District Circuit Visitor 1998-1999. Retired 2009. Survivors: Virginia (Cornell) Siedschlag; son: John Jr.; daughters: Lisabeth Risley, Carolyn Taylor, Joi-Lynn Rens. Funeral: Jan. 22, 2022, Watertown, Wis.; Interment: Door County, Wis.
SIMS, MARCUS P. REV., Aug. 25, 1958, Philadelphia, Pa., to Dec. 19, 2021; son of Marcus and Celia Sims; graduated Ft. Wayne Seminary 1987. Served 1987-2002, 2015-2021. Ministries/Parishes: Chicago, Ill.; Detroit, Mich.; Philadelphia, Pa. Survivor: Jeannette Sims. Funeral: December 27, 2021, Philadelphia, Pa.; Interment: Dec. 27, 2021, West Chester, Pa.
THUR, GARY R. REV., Feb. 26, 1945, Clark County, Wis., to Nov. 30, 2021, Phoenix, Ariz.; son of Ernest and Freda (Hefty) Thur; graduated St. Louis Seminary 1971. Served 1971-2014. Ministries/Parishes: Height of Land, Frazee, Ponsford, Toad Lake, Clear Lake, Minn.; Drayton Plains, Rochester, Mich.; Farmington, N.M.; Rocky Mountain District Circuit Visitor 1990-1993. Retired 2014. Survivors: Dianna (Galletta) Thur; sons; Kelly, Barrett; daughter: Heidi. Celebration of Life: Dec. 5, 2021.
TRINKLEIN, EDGAR A. REV., Jan. 27, 1933, Navasota, Texas, to Dec. 18, 2021, Lakeland, Fla.; son of Rev. Louis and Lillian (Krafft) Trinklein; graduated St. Louis Seminary 1957. Served 1958-1998. Ministries/Parishes: Orlando, Lakeland, Fla.; Marietta, Ga. Retired 1998. Preceded in death by his wife Carol (Dandanell) Trinklein; Survivors: son: Paul; daughters: Lynn Zeddies, Elizabeth Witter. Funeral: Jan. 8, 2022, Lakeland, Fla.
UPDEGRAVE, STEPHEN WILLIAM REV. DR., July 15, 1948, Philadelphia, Pa., to Jan. 3, 2022, Leonardtown, Md.; son of William and Sarah (Wills) Updegrave; graduated Ft. Wayne Seminary 1989. Served 1989-2012. Ministries/Parishes: Hagerstown, Lexington Park, Md. Retired 2012. Survivors: Karen (Howe) Updegrave; sons: Matthew, Cody; daughter: Rebecca Cline. Funeral: April 14, 2022, Leonardtown, Md.; Interment: Cheltenham, Md.
WEAVER, GERRY L. REV., Aug. 30, 1945, Decatur, Ill., to Dec. 1, 2021, Strasburg, Ill.; son of Charles and Chelsea (Rabbitt) Weaver; graduated Ft. Wayne Seminary 2007. Served 2007-2016. Ministries/Parishes: Snyder, Howell, Crookston, Merriman, Neb.; Manito, Ill. Retired 2016. Survivors: Joyce (Freitag) Weaver; son: Rev. David. Funeral and Interment: Dec. 4, 2021, Stewardson, Ill.
WILLE, EUGENE E. REV., Feb. 14, 1933, Mt. Prospect, Ill., to Nov. 25, 2021, Belvidere, Ill.; son of Edwin and Margaret (Behrens) Wille; graduated St. Louis Seminary 1959. Served 1959-2002. Ministries/Parishes: Sulphur, La.; Belvidere, Ill. Retired 2002. Preceded in death by his wife Helen (Agassi) Wille. Survivors: daughters: Rebeka Santos, Monika Fiduccia, Julie Grigsby, Angela Genz. Funeral and Interment: Dec. 4, 2021, Belvidere, Ill.
WILLIAMS, DARL GEORG REV., Sept. 5, 1950, San Angelo, Texas, to Dec. 16, 2021, Kearney, Neb.; son of Darl and Mary (Davis) Williams; graduated Ft. Wayne 1977. Served 1977-2021. Ministries/Parishes: Alexandria, Mansura, La.; Ainsworth, Neb.; Nebraska District Circuit Visitor 1985-1988, 1991-1994. Survivors: Georgia (Hall) Williams; daughter: Rachel Hollingsead. Memorial Service and Inurnment: Dec. 21, 2021, Ainsworth, Neb.
WOLTERS, MELVIN RONALD REV., Dec. 22, 1932, Eden, Idaho, to Dec. 10, 2021, Jerome, Idaho; son of Walter and Mollie (Steinmetz) Wolters; graduated Springfield Seminary 1967. Served 1967-1997. Ministries/Parishes: Churchbridge, Saskatchewan, Canada; Neepawa, Manitoba, Canada; Canmore, Fairview, Hines Creek, Alberta, Canada. Retired 1997. Survivors: Elaine (Holtzen) Wolters; son: Michael; daughters: Carolyn Heider, Joyce Sedlmayr, Tammy Klarenbach. Funeral: Dec. 30, 2021, Jerome, Idaho; Interment: Dec. 30, 2021, Eden, Idaho.
COMMISSIONED
BAUER, DONALD W., Aug. 29, 1930, Blue Earth, Minn., to March 17, 2021, Phoenix, Ariz.; son of Donald Bauer; graduated River Forest 1954. Served 1954-1992. Schools/Ministries: Springfield, Ill.; St. Paul, Minn.; Milwaukee, West Bend, Wis.; Phoenix, Ariz. Retired 1992. Survivors: Denise (Haack) Bauer; sons: Kevin, Kurt; daughter: Sue Krieger. Funeral: March 27, 2021, Phoenix, Ariz.
BRANDT, NADINE MARIE (DEKE), Sept. 6, 1942, Omaha, Neb., to Nov. 19, 2021, St. Charles, Mo.; daughter of Rev. Arnold and Irma (Westerman) Deke; graduated Seward 1964. Served 1973-2002. Schools/Ministries: Eagan, Minn.; St. Charles, Mo. Retired 2002. Survivors: James Brandt; son: John; daughter: Lisa Dubke. Funeral and Interment: Nov. 26, 2021, St. Charles, Mo.
CLUVER, ELLEN (STOLE), Oct. 31, 1951, Hammond, Ind., to Aug. 3, 2021, Watseka, Ill.; daughter of Has and Borghild (Soreide) Stole; graduated Seward 1973. Served 1973-1989, 1991-2015. Schools/Ministries: Hoyleton, Burr Ridge, Sterling, Milford, Ill.; Baltimore, Md. Retired 2015. Survivors: Daniel Cluver; son: David; daughter: Jan Lavicka. Funeral and Interment: Aug. 7, 2021, Watseka, Ill.
COLANGELO, CHARLENE MAE (ELSON), Aug. 25, 1957, Trenton, N.J., to Jan. 11, 2022, Iowa City, Iowa; daughter of Ervin and Charlotte (Bozarth) Elson; colloquy 2018. Served 2018-2022. School/Ministry: Latimer, Iowa. Survivor: Carl Colangelo. Funeral: Jan. 18, 2022, Latimer, Iowa.
FIEDLER, EUGENE K., March 6, 1935, Shawneetown, Mo., to Dec. 12, 2021, Slinger, Wis.; son of Arthur and Loraine (Schlimpert) Fiedler; graduated River Forest 1958. Served 1958-2000. Schools/Ministries: Racine, Milwaukee, Green Bay, Wis. Retired 2000. Survivors: Carolyn (Wunsch) Fiedler; son: David Weise; daughter: Phyllis Mortenson. Funeral: Dec. 17, 2021, Jackson, Wis.; Interment: Dec. 17, 2021, Brookfield, Wis.
GRUETZMACHER, GENE ELLEN (LIETZ), Sept. 22, 1941, Aurora, Ill., to Aug.11, 2021, Brookfield, Wis.; daughter of Fred and Vera Lietz; graduated River Forest 1963. Served 1977-2004. Schools/Ministries: Elm Grove, Milwaukee, Wis. Retired 2004. Survivors: Paul Gruetzmacher; son: Nathan; daughters: Gisa Griffin, Heidi Bauer. Funeral: Oct. 16, 2021, Brookfield, Wis.
HEIDORN, PAUL ERNEST, Sept. 27, 1929, Blue Earth, Minn., to Nov. 3, 2021, Seward, Neb.; son of Rev. Walter and Emma (Rittmueller) Heidorn; graduated River forest 1954. Served 1954-1993. Schools/Ministries: Harbine, Utica, Neb. Retired 1993. Survivors: Caroline (Hannemann) Heidorn; sons: Mark, Timothy; daughter: Lynn. Funeral and Interment: Nov. 9, 2021, Utica, Neb.
KUHN, KATHLEEN R. (STOLTE), Nov. 14, 1943, Sibley, Iowa, to Feb. 24, 2021, Platte Center, Neb.; daughter of Fred and Hilda (Ostermann) Stolte; graduated St. Paul 1966. Served 1990-2010. School/Ministry: Columbus, Neb. Retired 2010. Preceded in death by her son Jon. Survivors: Doug Kuhn; son: Jeff; daughters: Becky Maaske, Julie McClary, Megan Preister. Funeral and Interment: March 1, 2021, Columbus, Neb.
LAZARCHIC, JULIE ANNE (GIERKE), May 4, 1971, Springfield, Ill., to Dec. 2, 2021, Lincoln, Neb.; daughter of Eugene and Linda (Hagen) Gierke; graduated Seward 1993. Served 1995-2012. Schools/Ministries: Chicago, Ill.; Seymour, Ind. Survivors: John Lazarchic; son: Caleb. Funeral and Interment: Dec. 10, 2021, Seward, Neb.
LEHMANN, ROBERT A., Oct. 13, 1932, to Nov. 24, 2021, Heessen, Germany; graduated Seward 1959. Served 1989-1995. Schools/Ministries: Englewood, Colo.; Hooper, Neb.; Alma, Mo. Retired 1995. Cremation.
MACKIE, JAMES D., July 31, 1928, Highland Park, Mich., to June 29, 2021, Seward, Neb.; son of Toivo and Pansy (Johnson) Mackie; colloquy 1981. Served 1981-1984. School/Ministry: Seward, Neb. Retired 1984. Preceded in death by his wife Christine Mackie. Survivors: sons: Rev. Roger, David, Steven; daughter: Janice Schmidt. Funeral and Interment: July 6, 2021, Seward, Neb.
NEBEL, INGRID A. (PRAHLOW), Oct. 9, 1955, St. Louis, Mo., to Aug. 26, 2021, Rochester, Minn.; daughter of Donald and Patricia (Muschinske) Prahlow; graduated River Forest 1977. Served 1977-2018. Schools/Ministries: Kalispell, Mont.; Hollywood, Plant City, Fla.; St. Louis, Florissant, Bellefontaine Neighbors, Mo. Retired 2018. Preceded in death by her husband Mark Nebel. Survivors: daughters: Jocelyn Theiss, Katherine. Funeral: Sept. 4, 2021, St. Louis, Mo.; Interment: Sept. 4, 2021, Jennings, Mo.
PALM, LORI ANN (MONTNEY), April 6, 1962, Taylor, Mich., to Jan. 9, 2022, Detroit, Mich.; daughter of Walter and Peggy (Russell) Montney; graduated Ann Arbor 1984. Served 2005-2022. School/Ministry: Flint, Mich. Survivors: Timothy Palm, son: Nicholas; daughters: Kellie, Emily Tuttle, Alana. Funeral: Jan. 17, 2022, Flint, Mich; Interment: Jan. 17, 2022, Holly, Mich.
PARKER, EVA MAE (GHASKIN), March 2, 1938, Montrose, Ala., to July 1, 2021, Mobile, Ala.; daughter of Pearly Sr. and Mattie (Smith) Ghaskin; graduated Seward 1970. Served 1973-2000. School/Ministry: Mobile, Ala. Retired 2000. Survivors: son: Herman Jr.; daughters: Brenda, Anita, Wanda. Funeral: July 10, 2021, Mobile, Ala.; Interment: July 10, 2021, Theodore, Ala.
RODENBECK, RONALD PHILIP, March 22, 1931, Ft. Wayne, Ind., to Aug. 20, 2021, Ft. Wayne, Ind.; son of Edwin and Helen (Hooper) Rodenbeck; graduated River Forest 1953. Served 1953-1993. Schools/Ministries: Joliet, Ill.; Ft. Wayne, Ind. Retired 1993. Preceded in death by his wife Lois (Warnke) Rodenbeck and daughter Carol. Survivor: son: Allen. Funeral and Interment: Aug. 28, 2021, Ft. Wayne, Ind.
SCHRECK, GERALD DENNIS, Sept. 20, 1939, Appleton, Minn., to Dec. 16, 2021, Columbia Falls, Mont.; son of Walter and Rose Schreck; graduated Mequon 1991. Served 1995-2010. School/Ministry: Kalispell, Mont. Retired 2010. Preceded in death by his wife Helen (Aklestad) Schreck. Funeral and Interment: Dec. 28, 2021, Kalispell, Mont.
STORTZ, STEVEN BRIAN, March 2, 1964, St. Louis, Mo., to Dec. 19, 2021, Omaha, Neb.; son of Melvin and Carolyn (Hopperstad) Stortz; graduated Seward 1986. Served 1986-2021. Schools/Ministries: Norfolk, Neb.; Latimer, Iowa. Survivors: Charlene (Hiatt) Stortz; sons: Brian, Matthew, Daniel; daughters: Renee St John, Bethany Slatten. Funeral and Interment: Dec. 28, 2021, Norfolk, Neb.
WEIKAL, NORMA JANE (HUTCHISON), July 17, 1947, Richmond, Va., to Jan. 5, 2022, Wichita, Kan; daughter of Forrest and Dorothy Hutchison; graduated Seward 2003. Served 2003-2013. School/Ministry: Wichita, Kan. Survivors: Alan Weikal; son: Gant; daughter: Sarah Bengtson. Memorial Service: Jan. 17, 2022, Wichita, Kan.; cremation.
WESTERFELD, JUDITH ANN (HOUREN), April 1, 1939, Chicago, Ill., to Aug. 22, 2021, Green Bay, Wis.; daughter of Howard and Melba Houren; graduated River Forest 1960. Served 1979-2009. School/Ministry: Green Bay, Wis. Retired 2009. Preceded in death by her husband Rodney Westerfeld. Survivors: sons: Scott, Joel. Memorial Service: Aug. 30, 2021, Green Bay, Wis.
ZOBEL, GLEN FRED, Jan. 12, 1938, West Point, Neb., to Sept. 21, 2021, Largo, Fla.; son of Martin and Ellen (Feyerherm) Zobel; graduated Seward 1960. Served 1982-1983. School/Ministry: Clearwater, Fla. Retired 2000. Survivors: Margaret (Riethmeier) Zobel; son: Martin; daughter: Ann Simonet. Memorial Service: Sept. 25, 2021, Clearwater, Fla.; Interment: Bancroft, Neb.
IN MEMORIAM (May 2022)
Obituary information is provided by district offices to the Synod’s Office of Rosters and Statistics. Any questions about content should be referred, therefore, to the appropriate district office. — Ed.
ORDAINED
ALBERS, RICHARD E. REV., Nov. 16, 1935, Shawano, Wis., to Dec. 29, 2021, Lincoln, Neb.; son of Eric and Marie (Wambsganss) Albers; Colloquy 2000. Served 2000-2002. Ministry/Parish: Round Mountain, Nev. Retired 2002. Survivor: Esther (Rosenthal) Albers. Funeral: Jan. 4, 2022, Lincoln, Neb.; Interment: Jan. 4, 2022, Harbine, Neb.
BAERWALD, REUBEN CARL MARTIN REV., Oct. 24, 1925, Horicon, Wis., to Dec. 31, 2021, Aurora, Ill.; son of Rev. Charles and Amanda (Quandt) Baerwald; graduated St. Louis Seminary 1949. Served 1950-1990. Ministries/Parishes: Geneva, N.Y.; Alton, Carbondale, Chicago, St. Charles, Ill. Retired 1990. Survivors: Martha Baerwald; sons: Charles, John, Mark; daughter: Susan. Celebration of Life: Jan. 8, 2022, St. Charles, Ill.
BERNHARDT, ROBERT HERBERT REV., March 10, 1931, Fond du Lac, Wis., to Jan. 23, 2022, Chippewa Falls, Wis.; son of Herbert and Louise (Sutter) Bernhardt; graduated St. Louis Seminary 1956. Served 1956-1993. Ministries/Parishes: Greensburg, Buklin, Ashland, Kan.; LaCrosse, Plymouth, Mequon, Wis.; South Wisconsin District Circuit Visitor 1966-1970, 1974-1982, 1986-1988. Retired 1993. Survivors: Ardis (Kaufmann) Bernhardt; sons: Kenneth, Wayne; daughter: Rosemary Plautz. Funeral and Interment: Jan. 31, 2022, Mequon, Wis.
BODE, ARTHUR JOHN REV., March 12, 1953, New Ulm, Minn., to Jan. 24, 2022, Gould City, Mich.; son of Wilmer and Marie (Gurgel) Bode; graduated Fort Wayne 1988. Served 1988-2021. Ministries/Parishes: Howard Lake, Minn.; Shelby, Engadine, Germfask, Mich. Retired 2021. Survivors: Jody (Pettengill) Bode; sons: Kiel, Jeffrey; daughters: Bree, Adrienne Goldstein. Celebration of Life: Jan. 28, 2022, Engadine, Mich.
BOTSFORD, MICHAEL DUANE REV., March 16, 1949, Lansing, Wis., to Jan. 12, 2022, Kaukauna, Wis.; son of Ronald and Betty (Ginter) Botsford; colloquy 1998. Served 1998-2013. Ministries/Parishes: Maple, Superior, Wis.; Whittemore, Iowa. Retired 2013. Survivors: Jill (Barnett) Botsford; son: Steven; daughter: Heather Freiberg. Funeral: Feb. 19, 2022, Rhinelander, Wis.
BRANDT, DENNIS ARNOLD REV., July 6, 1945, Alton, Ill., to Jan. 24, 2022, Alton, Ill.; son of Alfred and Martha (Teakert) Brandt; graduated St. Louis Seminary 1985. Served 1985-1994. Ministry/Parish: Thornton, Ill.; Northern Illinois District Circuit Visitor 1988-1991. Retired 2014. Preceded in death by his daughters Katherine and Laura. Survivors: Jane (Fichtel) Brandt: sons: Alexander, Jeffrey; daughter: Cynthia. Funeral: Jan. 31, 2022, Alton, Ill.; Interment: Jan. 31, 2022, Bethalto, Ill.
DOCKERY, DANIEL LAWRENCE REV., Jan. 26, 1949, Traverse City, Mich., to Feb. 19, 2022, Traverse City, Mich.; son of Anthony and Marguerite Dockery; SMP certified 2016. Served 2016-2021. Ministry/Parish: Glen Arbor, Mich. Retired 2021. Survivor: Lois (Dorn) Dockery. Funeral: Feb. 25, 2022, Traverse City, Mich.; Interment: Traverse City, Mich.
DUTZMANN, INGO ROLF REV., Jan. 11, 1947, Braunschweig, Germany, to Jan. 15, 2022, Harpswell, Maine; son of Rolf and Liselotte Dutzmann; graduated St. Louis Seminary 1980. Served 1981-2019. Ministries/Parishes: Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada; Cape Elizabeth, Maine; Monte Verde, Fla.; Taunton, Boston, Mass.; New England District Circuit Visitor 1993-1997. Retired 2019. Survivors: Daria (Manchuk) Dutzmann; son: Alexander; daughters; Allegra, Mercedes, Dominique. Celebration of Life: Jan. 22, 2022, Boston, Mass.
FISHER, GARY LEE REV., Feb. 10, 1942, Wisconsin Rapids, Wis., to Dec. 13, 2021, Baltimore, Md.; son of Ernest and Irene (Haferman) Fisher; graduated St. Louis Seminary 1968. Served 1968-2006. Ministries/Parishes: Norfolk, Va.; Jacksonville, N.C.; Baltimore, Md.; Southeastern District Circuit Visitor 1988-1989. Retired 2006. Survivors: sons: Atticus, Douglas; daughter: Heidi.
FRERICHS, DONALD L. REV., May 1, 1937, Hastings, Neb., to Jan. 5, 2022, Stow, Ohio; son of Wert and Helen (Rhem) Frerichs; graduated Springfield Seminary 1968. Served 1969-2003, 2005-2011, 2015-2016. Ministries/Parishes: Canby, Minn.; Mesa, Pasco, Wash.; Portland, Florence, Ore.; Northwest District Circuit Visitor 2011-2015. Retired 2016. Preceded in death by his wife Eileen (Helm) Frerichs. Survivors: sons: Luke, Rev. Paul, Matthew; daughter: Lois Hughey. Funeral: Jan. 19, 2022, Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio; Interment: Stow, Ohio.
HESS, ROBERT M. REV., April 7, 1928, Goshen, Ind., to Jan. 22, 2022, Cary, Ill.; son of Arnold and Lucinda (Schlundt) Hess; graduated St. Louis Seminary 1953. Served 1953-2003. Ministries/Parishes: Sulphur, La.; Cary, Ill. Retired 2003. Preceded in death by his wife Amalia (Melcher) Hess. Survivors: son: Charles; daughters: Dorothea Chianakas, Rebeca Crossley. Funeral and Interment: Jan. 31, 2022, Cary, Ill.
KENNEDY, LOWELL ESTES REV. DR., June 28, 1931, Russellville, Ark., to Oct. 5, 2021, Hillsboro, Mo.; son of Calvin and Vida Kennedy; graduated St. Louis Seminary 1959. Served 1959-1974. Ministries/Parishes: Nigeria, Westcliffe, Colo. Retired 2017. Preceded in death by his wife Norma Kennedy and son Charles. Survivors: sons: Daniel, Timothy; daughters: Catherine DeRoos, Linda. Funeral and Interment: Oct. 17, 2021, Hillsboro, Mo.
MOORE, LEONARD ALFRED REV., May 21, 1965, Glen Cove, N.Y., to Nov. 12, 2021, Sun City, S.C.; son of Leonard and Lois Moore; graduated St. Louis Seminary 2000. Served 2000-2007. Ministry/Parish: Corinth, Miss. Memorial Service: Nov. 23, 2021, Hilton Head Island, S.C.; Interment: Dec. 4, 2021, Farmingdale, N.Y.
NIEMOELLER, MARK ALLEN REV., Nov. 6, 1952, Cincinnati, Ohio, to Jan. 20, 2022, Ft. Wayne, Ind.; son of Irvin and Caroline (Schmidt) Niemoeller; graduated Ft. Wayne Seminary 1979. Served 1979-1996, 2009-2022. Ministries/Parishes: South Bend, Indianapolis, Vincennes, Ft. Wayne, Ind. Preceded in death by his wife Marilyn (Shrote) Niemoeller. Survivors: sons: Stephen, Andrew; daughter: Deborah. Memorial Service: Jan. 27, 2022, Ft. Wayne, Ind.
PARKS, ALLEN EUGENE REV., March 14, 1937, Ulysses, Neb., to Jan. 31, 2022, Ft. Wayne, Ind.; son of Charles and Ann (Schultze) Parks; graduated St. Louis Seminary 1963. Served 1963-1998. Ministries/Parishes: Newberry, Germfask, Mich.; Ft. Wayne, Ind. Retired 1998. Survivors: Marilyn (Rott) Parks; son: Douglas; daughter: Denise Gendron. Funeral and Entombment: Feb. 6, 2022, Ft. Wayne, Ind.
PFINGSTEN, MICHAEL D. REV., March 20, 1962, Racine, Wis., to Feb. 6, 2022, Milwaukee, Wis.; son of Melvin and Dorothy (Crisp) Pfingsten; graduated Ft. Wayne Seminary 1988. Served 1988-2022. Ministries/Parishes: Jonesville, Ind.; Harvard, Ill.; Menomonee Falls, Wis.; Northern Illinois District Circuit Visitor 2006-2013; South Wisconsin District Circuit Visitor 2020-2022. Survivors: Diana (Wenndt) Pfingsten; sons: Michael, Jonathan, Robert Lunak. Funeral: Feb. 13, 2022, Menomonee Falls, Wis.; Interment: Feb. 14, 2022, Racine, Wis.
REEDER, THOMAS NICHOLAS SR. REV., March 29, 1938, Philadelphia, Pa., to Feb. 10, 2022, Terre Du Lac, Mo.; son of Thomas and Marie (Everth) Reeder; graduated Springfield Seminary 1968. Served 1968-2006. Ministries/Parishes: Port Arthur, Texas; Kansas City, Ballwin, Houston, Excelsior Springs, Bonne Terre, Mo. Retired 2006. Survivors: Joan (Werner) Reeder; sons: Rev. Thomas Jr., Steven; daughter: Dawn. Funeral: Feb. 16, 2022, DeSoto, Mo.; Interment: Feb. 17, 2022. St. Louis, Mo.
SPARLING, PAUL W. REV., June 25, 1929, Adair, Iowa, to Jan. 28, 2022, Morris Plains, N.J.; graduated St. Louis Seminary 1954. Served 1954-1994. Ministries/Parishes: Glenwood, Iowa; Greystone Park, Morris Plains, N.J.; Iowa District West Circuit Visitor 1960-1961. Retired 1994. Preceded in death by his son Joel. Survivors: Sally (Benson) Sparling; son: Rev. Daniel: daughter: Elizabeth. Funeral: Feb. 4, 2022, Morris Plains, N.J.
WILKENS, JAMES DONALD REV., Sept. 15, 1936, Ft. Wayne, Ind., to Jan. 29, 2022, Omaha, Neb.; son of Rev. Walter and Louise (Fischer) Wilkens; graduated St. Louis Seminary 1961. Served 1962-2014. Ministries/Parishes: Edmond, Okla.; U.S. Army National Guard Military Chaplain; Granville, Hebron, Ohio; Amherst, Omaha, Neb. Retired 2014. Survivors: Laurie (Jones) Wilkens; sons: Paul, John.
YEADON, TIMOTHY R. REV. DR., June 27, 1959, Glen Cove, N.Y., to Jan. 16, 2022, Barkhamsted, Conn.; son of Ray and Margaret Yeadon; graduated St. Louis Seminary 1985. Served 1985-2022. Ministries/Parishes: New Hartford, Conn.; Springfield, Mass.; New England District Circuit Visitor 1987-1991; New England District President 2012-2022. Survivors: Ruth (Schumacher) Yeadon; sons: Jonathan, Daniel. Funeral: Jan. 30, 2022, Bristol, Conn.
COMMISSIONED
ADLER, RICHARD WEBSTER, Jan. 28, 1939, Minneapolis, Minn., to Jan. 24, 2022, St. Louis, Mo.; son of Albert and Evelyn (Webster) Adler; graduated River Forest 1962. Served 1962-1981, 1983-1997. Schools/Ministries: Papua, New Guinea; St. Louis, Mo. Retired 1997. Survivors: daughters: Jennifer Bess, Krista Young. Celebration of Life: Feb. 5, 2022, Brentwood, Mo.; Interment: St. Louis, Mo.
BLIESE, ELIZABETH DOROTHY (STEVENSON), June 3, 1931, Kodiakanal, India, to Jan. 10, 2022, Milwaukee, Wis.; daughter of Rev. Duncan II and Esther (Nagel) Stevenson; graduated River Forest 1981. Served 1981-1994. School/Ministry: Greenfield, Wis. Retired 1994. Preceded in death by her husband Richard Bliese. Survivors: sons: Jonathan, David; daughters: Lisa Darling, Amy Tausz. Funeral: Jan. 17, 2022, Greenfield, Wis.; Interment: Jan. 17, 2022, Oak Creek, Wis.
BOETTNER, MARTIN R., April 17, 1951, Sheboygan, Wis., to Jan, 1, 2022, Plainville, Conn.; graduated River Forest 1974. Served 1974-2016. School/Ministry: New Britain, Conn. Retired 2016.
BURTNER, CAROL ANN (SPITZER), March 29, 1936, Kensal, N.D., to July 23, 2021, Kensal, N.D.; daughter of William and Alma (Ronholm) Spitzer; graduated River Forest 1958. Served 1973-1981, 1983-1997. Schools/Ministries: Anaheim, Brea, Calif. Retired 1997. Survivors: Roger Burtner; daughter: Pamela. Memorial Service: Aug. 28, 2021, Anaheim, Calif.; cremation.
CLUVER, DANIEL DAVID, July 26, 1947, Watseka, Ill., to Nov. 20, 2021, Watseka, Ill.; son of Paul and Jeanette (Nielsen) Cluver; graduated Seward 1973. Served 1974-2014. Schools/Ministries: Wanconia, Minn.; Hoyleton, River Grove, Sterling, Buckley, Milford, Ill.; Bel Air, Md. Retired 2014. Preceded in death by his wife Ellen (Stole) Cluver. Survivors: son: David; daughter: Jan Lavicka. Funeral and Interment: Nov. 30, 2021, Watseka, Ill.
DANZ, SHIRLEY MARIE (WALENTER), Aug. 23, 1941, Evanston, Ill., to Nov. 30, 2021, Frankenmuth, Mich.; daughter of Thomas and Helena (Marco) Walenter; graduated River Forest 1963. Served 1973-2002. Schools/Ministries: Detroit, Frankenmuth, Mich. Retired 2002. Preceded in death by her husband Harry Danz. Survivors: stepsons: Richard, Karl; stepdaughter: Kathleen. Cremation.
ERBER, GLENN RALPH, July 5, 1931, Glenburn, N.D., to Jan. 28, 2022, Jackson, Mich.; son of Henry and Gladys (Loveland) Erber; graduated Seward 1954. Served 1954-1994. Schools/Ministries: Tobias, Columbus, Neb.; Jackson, Mich. Retired 1994. Survivors: Lois Erber; son: Rev. David; daughters: Julee Shaw, Amee Boettcher, Betsy Stolarczyk. Funeral and Interment: Feb. 3, 2022, Jackson, Mich.
GREGORY, DAHLAS ANN, Sept. 5, 1950, to Oct. 27, 2021, W. Chicago, Ill.; graduated River Forest 1972. Served 1973, 1985-2009. Schools/Ministries: Wichita Falls, Texas; W. Chicago, Ill. Retired 2014. Funeral: W. Chicago, Ill.
KUHLMAN, DAVID WALTER, July 25, 1940, Cincinnati, Ohio, to Jan. 2, 2022, Tempa, Ariz.; son of Walter and Della (Landwehr) Kuhlman; graduated River Forest 1963. Served 1963-1983, 1997-2022. Schools/Ministries: Nigeria, W. Africa; Melrose Park, Ill. Survivors: Sharryn (Hutfilz) Kuhlman; son: Erich; daughters: Heidi, Julie Schneider. Celebration of Life: March 14, 2022, Mesa, Ariz.
LOESEL, ALVIN E., Jan. 27, 1930, Birch Run, Mich., to Nov. 30, 2021, Arlington Heights, Ill.; son of Walter and Laura (Bender) Loesel; graduated River Forest 1952. Served 1952-1992. Schools/Ministries: Morton Grove, Skokie, Chicago, Ill. Retired 1992. Survivors: Mary (Gruenhagen) Loesel; daughter: Amy Scott. Funeral and Interment: Dec. 4, 2021, Arlington Heights, Ill.
LOFMARK, GEORGE E. JR., Dec. 9, 1931, Brooklyn, N.Y., to Jan. 24, 2022, West Orange, N.J.; son of George Sr. and Alice (Boberg) Lofmark; graduated Mequon 1992. Served 1995-2009. School/Ministry: Closter, N.J. Retired 2009. Survivors: Marit (Arnes) Lofmark; son: Erik; daughters: Randi Gordon, Gloria, Vivian Ommundsen, Sandra Borland. Memorial Service: Feb. 26, 2022, Closter, N.J.
LOOMANS, LOWELL A., Feb. 13, 1934, Portage, Wis., to Dec. 12, 2021, Portage, Mich.; son of Clarence and Gladys Loomans; graduated River Forest 1958. Served 1958-1996. Schools/Ministries: De Soto, St. Charles, Mo.; Elkhart, Ind. Retired 1996. Survivors: son: Greg; daughter: Dawn Grider.
MAURER, DIANE KAY (BENDER) July 8, 1952, Cape Girardeau, Mo., to Dec. 19, 2021, Cape Girardeau, Mo.; daughter of Edward and Kathryn (Stiegemeyer) Bender; graduated River Forest 1974. Served 1974-1976, 1983-2014. Schools/Ministries: Ft. Lauderdale, Fla.; Kansas City, Sedalia, St. Charles, St. Peters, Cape Girardeau, Mo. Retired 2014. Survivors: sons: Matthew, James, Andrew. Funeral and Interment: Dec. 23, 2021, Cape Girardeau, Mo.
ROTH, EDGAR N., Oct. 13, 1928, Wittenberg, Mo., to Jan. 7, 2022, Perryville, Mo.; son of Leo and Linna (Mueller) Roth; graduated River Forest 1952. Served 1952-1992. Schools/Ministries: Holyrood, Kan.; Milford, Steeleville, Ill. Retired 1992. Preceded in death by his wife Betty (Verseman) Roth. Survivors: sons: Royal, Randall; daughters: Lynette Biesendorfer, Jane. Funeral and Interment: Jan. 12, 2022, Perryville, Mo.
SIEFKER, DOROTHY I. (LEMKE), Oct. 2, 1944, Detroit, Mich., to Jan. 23, 2022, Detroit, Mich.; daughter of Berwyn and Eileen Lemke; graduated River Forest 1966. Served 1973-1977, 1979-2013. Schools/Ministries: Detroit, Northville, Mich. Retired 2013. Survivors: Roy Siefker; sons: Kirk, Kevin, Joshua. Funeral: Feb. 4, 2022, Northville, Mich.
ULMER, RICHARD B. SR., Aug. 30, 1931, Chicago, Ill., to Jan. 27, 2022, Omaha, Neb.; graduated River Forest 1953. Served 1953-1993. Schools/Ministries: Aliceville, Kan.; Yorktown, Iowa; Omaha, Neb. Retired 1993. Preceded in death by his wife Marian (McClaughry) Ulmer and son Mark. Survivors: son: Richard Jr.; daughters: Kathie Matsumura, Kris Hock, Karen Samsom, Karol, Karla Haggar. Funeral: Feb. 5, 2022, Omaha, Neb.
WINTERSTEIN, CHARLES ARTHUR, Sept. 25, 1949, Shelbyville, Ill., to Dec. 31, 2021, Columbus, Ind.; son of Arno and Ada (Wagner) Winterstein; graduated River Forest 1971. Served 1975-1976, 1985-2011. Schools/Ministries: Chesterton, Blue Island, Decatur, River Forest, Ill.; Toledo, Ohio; Ann Arbor, Mich. Retired 2011. Survivors: Alecia (Wittenbrink) Winterstein; sons: Timothy, Thomas; daughters: Elizabeth Tomasino, Amanda Middendorf. Memorial Service: Jan. 14, 2022, Indianapolis, Ind.
IN MEMORIAM (June/July 2022)
Obituary information is provided by district offices to the Synod’s Office of Rosters and Statistics. Any questions about content should be referred, therefore, to the appropriate district office. — Ed.
ORDAINED
BELTZ, DEWYTH DEINES REV., March 17, 1927, Bazine, Kan., to March 13, 2022, Lakeway, Texas; son of George and Amelia (Deines) Beltz; graduated St. Louis Seminary 1952. Served 1952-1991. Ministries/Parishes: Rosebud, Cameron, Lufkin, Klein, Texas. Retired 1991. Survivors: Esther (Thies) Beltz; son: Rev. Terry; daughter: Sherri Swanson. Memorial Service: March 26, 2022, Austin, Texas.
BRUSCO, STEPHEN R. JR. REV., July 23, 1931, Westfield, Mass., to March 4, 2022, Westfield, Mass.; son of Stephen Sr. and Mary (Bogden) Brusco; graduated St. Louis Seminary 1956. Served 1956-1995. Ministries/Parishes: Beaver Falls, Northeast, Pa.; Keene, N.H. Retired 1995. Preceded in death by his son Sergio. Survivors: Pauline (O’Brien) Brusco; sons: Peter, Philip Honkala, Michael Honkala; daughters: Kim Hill, Flori Abshier, Marta Blake, Emma Morris, Abigail. Funeral: March 12, 2022, Keene, N.H.; Interment: March 14, 2022, Westfield, Mass.
BURCH, DON EDWARD REV., June 3, 1938, Warren, Mich., to March 16, 2022, Breeze Park, Mo.; son of Edward and Thelma (Ward) Burch; graduated St. Louis Seminary 1964. Served 1964-1972, 1978-2000. Ministries/Parishes: Taylorsville, N.C.; May City, Ocheyedan, Iowa; Seward, Neb.; St. Louis, Mo.; Phoenix, Ariz.; Indianapolis, Ind. Retired 2000. Survivors: sons: John, Michael, Paul, Daniel; daughter: Elizabeth Fruend.
CLAWSON, RONALD ARTHUR REV., Aug. 4, 1935, Chicago, Ill., to Jan. 29, 2022, Elk Grove, Calif.; son of Charles and Helen (Koenig) Clawson; graduated St. Louis Seminary 1961. Served 1961-1998. Ministries/Parishes: Dix Hills, Long Island, N.Y.; Oaklawn, Ill; Los Angeles, Calif.; Stamford, Conn. Retired 1998. Preceded in death by his daughter Cynthia. Survivors: Barbara (Todt) Clawson; son: David; daughters: Debra Mandanici, Ronda Pagnini. Memorial Service: Feb. 26, 2022, Elk Grove, Calif.
GERDES, LARRY W. REV., Feb. 26, 1943, Ponca, Neb., to Jan. 27, 2022, Rochester, N.Y.; son of George and Minnie (Panhorst) Gerdes; colloquy 1982. Served 1982-1983, 1988-2008. Ministries/Parishes: Columbia, York, Morrisdale, Pa.; Rome, Sylvan Beach, W. Henrietta, N.Y. Retired 2008. Survivors: Debbie (Collins) Gerdes; sons: Matthew, Scott, Craig, Kurt; daughters: Tracey, Lisa, Katie. Celebration of Life: March 12, 2022, Wellsville, N.Y.
GERKEN, PHILIP JOSEPH REV., May 13, 1926, Beatrice, Neb., to Feb. 16, 2022, Durham, N.C.; son of Rev. Joseph and Marie (Salzman) Gerken; graduated St. Louis Seminary 1951. Served 1951-1977. Ministries/Parishes: Omaha, Neb.; Jacksonville, Mandarin, Fla.; Crestwood, Mo.; Rockville, Md. Retired 1981. Preceded in death by his sons Joseph and John. Survivors: Frances (Mueller) Gerken; daughters: Carol Walton, Paula Szabo, Mary. Memorial Service: March 25, 2022, Durham, N.C.
GOCKEN, RONALD EDWARD REV., Sept. 26, 1936, Wausau, Wis., to Feb. 19, 2022, Buckley, Wash.; son of Edward and Anna (Hoeft) Gocken; graduated St. Louis Seminary 1963. Served 1963-1996. Ministries/Parishes: Newcastle, N.Y.; Chamberlain, S.D.; Omaha, Neb.; Mercer Island, Bellevue, Wash.; Nebraska District Circuit Visitor 1979-1981. Retired 1996. Preceded in death by his wife Janet (Hawthorne) Gocken. Survivors: Dorothy (Prybylski) Gocken; son: Patrick; daughter: Kimberly Adams; stepson: Joel Prybylski; stepdaughter: Rachel Ashton. Funeral: March 26, 2022, Tacoma, Wash.
HEIMSOTH, ELTON N. REV., April 15, 1933, Arriba, Colo., to March 2, 2022, Lombard, Ill.; son of Norman and Oda (Jagels) Heimsoth; graduated Springfield Seminary 1963. Served 1963-1998. Ministries/Parishes: Kinston, N.C.; Bay City, Mich.; Lombard, Ill. Retired 1998. Survivors: Carol (Goehner) Heimsoth; sons: James, Peter; daughter: Kris Milas. Service of Praise and Victory: March 12, 2022, Lombard, Ill.; Interment: March 12, 2022, Oakbrook Terrace, Ill.
HELMICH, CLARENCE W. REV., Sept. 23, 1935, Benton, Ark., to March 27, 2022, Oviedo, Fla.; son of John and Edna (Hill) Helmich; graduated St. Louis Seminary 1960. Served 1960-1997. Ministries/Parishes: Minnesota Lake, Minn.; Harvey, Yorkville, Milford, Dwight, Ill.; Murray, Ky.; Mid-South District Circuit Visitor 1988-1992. Retired 1997. Survivors: Dorothy (Becker) Helmich; sons: Gregg, Douglas; daughter: Lori.
HOUPPERT, ERNEST RODRIQUEZ REV., Dec. 29, 1954, Mobile, Ala., to March 19, 2022, The Woodlands, Texas; son of James and Marie (Sullivan) Houppert; graduated St. Louis Seminary 1985. Served 1985-1994, 2001-2010, 2012-2022. Ministries/Parishes: Silver Creek, Minn.: Winchester, Charlottesville, Va.; Macon, Ga.; New Orleans, La.; Wallis, Texas. Preceded in death by his wife Linda (Kaiser) Houppert. Funeral: April 3, 2022, Wallis, Texas; cremation.
JORDAN, HORST WILLIAM REV., Feb. 11, 1941, Hohensalza, East Germany, to Feb. 22, 2022, Wausau, Wis.; son of Ernst and Else (VonSprengel) Jordan; graduated Springfield Seminary 1966. Served 1966-2003, 2005-2015. Ministries/Parishes: Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Lebanon, West Bend, Madison, Sheboygan, Manawa, Waupaca, Wis. Retired 2015. Survivors: Judith (Grieser) Jordan; sons: John, William; daughter: Linda. Funeral: Feb. 27, 2022, Stevens Point, Wis.; Interment: Stevens Point, Wis.
LUHRING, DONALD L. REV., Sept. 22, 1942, Midland, Mich., to Feb. 11, 2022, Defiance, Ohio; son of Victor and Ruth (Hockemeyer) Luhring; graduated St. Louis Seminary 1968. Served 1968-2022. Ministries/Parishes: Monticello, Ind.; Defiance, Ohio. Survivors: Faye (Wortman) Luhring; children: Cheryl, Curtis, Cindy, Cory. Celebration of Life: Feb. 15, 2022, Defiance, Ohio.
MONTGOMERY, ALLEN O. REV., Dec. 18, 1942, Marshfield, Wis., to March 19, 2022, Rhinelander, Wis.; son of Allen and Lydia (Schlinsog) Montgomery; colloquy 2001. Served 2001-2022. Ministries/Parishes: Gleason, Three Lakes, Wis.; North Wisconsin District Circuit Visitor 2003-2009. Survivors: Beatrice (DeLeske) Montgomery; son: Scott; daughter: Darla Neargarth. Funeral: March 25, 2022, Rhinelander, Wis.; Interment: March 26, 2022, Granton, Wis.
PETERSON, ERIC GEORGE REV. DR., Feb. 7, 1944, Jamaica, N.Y., to March 4, 2022, Ashburn, Va.; son of Eric and Sarah (Nyman) Peterson; graduated Springfield Seminary 1970. Served 1971-1994, 1996-2007. Ministries/Parishes: Charlotte Hall, La Plata, Hyattsville, Md.; Southeastern District Circuit Visitor 1988-1991. Retired 2007. Survivors: Barbara (Muench) Peterson; son: Joshua; daughter: Kirsten Richter. Funeral: March 27, 2022, Ashburn, Va.
REHRER, RONALD LEROY REV., March 1, 1947, Riverside, Calif., to March 8, 2022, Van Nuys, Calif.; son of LeRoy and Evelyn Rehrer; graduated St. Louis Seminary 1973. Served 1973-2022. Ministries/Parishes: S. Lake Tahoe, Los Angeles, Calif.; California District Circuit Visitor 1983-1987. Survivors: Margaret (Lanier) Rehrer; son: Matthew; daughter: Kimberly. Funeral: March 26, 2022, Winnetka, Calif.
SCHERMBECK, ROBERT H. REV., Nov. 6, 1953, Leavenworth, Kan., to Jan. 15, 2022, Landrum, S.C.; son of Harold and Anna (Cowling) Schermbeck; graduated St. Louis Seminary 1982. Served 1982-2019. Ministries/Parishes: Madison, York, Elk Creek, Neb.; Junction City, Kan.; Nebraska District Circuit Visitor 2000-2019. Retired 2019. Preceded in death by his wife Robin (Taylor) Schermbeck. Survivors: sons: Timothy, Andrew; daughters: Sarah Steward, Amy Froiland. Funeral and Interment: Jan. 22, 2022, Elk Creek, Neb.
SCHRAMM, MARTIN GUSTAV REV., March 27, 1943, Cape Girardeau, Mo., to Feb. 20, 2022, Laguna Hills, Calif.; son of Gustav and Ethel (Zahrndt) Schramm; colloquy 1983. Served 1983-2016. Ministry/Parish: Irvine, Calif. Retired 2016. Survivors: Conni Schramm; son: Andrew; daughter Jenifer. Funeral: April 2, 2022, Irvine, Calif.
TONCRE, WESLEY MICHAEL REV., Dec. 26, 1937, Cleveland, Ohio, to Jan. 13, 2022, Conway, Ark.; son of Walter and Emma (Baltrunat) Toncre; graduated Springfield Seminary 1962. Served 1962-2011, 2014-2016, 2018-2019. Ministries/Parishes: Phoenix, Ariz.; Miami, Panama City, Fla.; Gadsden, Ala.; Shreveport, La.; N. Little Rock, Russellville, Ark. Retired 2019. Survivors: Esther (Essinger) Toncre; daughters: Stephanie Anderson, Deann Koyn. Celebration of Life: Feb. 12, 2022, Conway, Ark.
COMMISSIONED
ANDERSEN, LARRY ALLEN, June 6, 1957, Ft. Dodge, Iowa, to March 10, 2022, Springfield, Mo.; s | ||||||
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This ebook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this ebook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this eBook.
Title: The slang dictionary
Etymological, historical and anecdotal
Author: John Camden Hotten
Release date: February 16, 2013 [eBook #42108]
Language: English
Credits: Produced by Henry Flower, Delphine Lettau and the Online
Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This
file was produced from images generously made available
by The Internet Archive/Canadian Libraries)
*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE SLANG DICTIONARY ***
Transcriber’s Note: The cover image was produced by the transcriber using a modified illustration from the book, and is placed into the public domain.
[i]
[ii]
[iii]
PREFACE.
Slang, like everything else, changes much in the course of time; and though but fifteen years have elapsed since this Dictionary was first introduced to the public, alterations have since then been many and frequent in the subject of which it treats. The first issue of a work of this kind is, too, ever beset with difficulties, and the compiler was always aware that, though under the circumstances of its production the book was an undoubted success, it necessarily lacked many of the elements which would make that success lasting, and cause the “Slang Dictionary” to be regarded as an authority and a work of reference not merely among the uneducated, but among people of cultivated tastes and inquiring minds. For though the vulgar use of the word Slang applies to those words only which are used by the dangerous classes and the lowest grades of society, the term has in reality, and should have—as every one who has ever studied the subject knows—a much wider significance. Bearing this in mind, the original publisher of this Dictionary lost no opportunity[vi] of obtaining information of a useful kind, which could hardly find place in any other book of reference, with the intention of eventually bringing out an entirely new edition, in which all former errors should be corrected and all fresh meanings and new words find a place. His intention always was to give those words which are familiar to all conversant with our colloquialisms and locutions, but which have hitherto been connected with an unwritten tongue, a local habitation, and to produce a book which, in its way, would be as useful to students of philology, as well as to lovers of human nature in all its phases, as any standard work in the English language. The squeamishness which tries to ignore the existence of slang fails signally, for not only in the streets and the prisons, but at the bar, on the bench, in the pulpit, and in the Houses of Parliament, does slang make itself heard, and, as the shortest and safest means to an end, understood too.
My predecessor, the original compiler, did not live to see his wish become an actual fact; and, failing him, it devolved upon me to undertake the task of revision and addition. How far this has been accomplished, the curious reader who is possessed of a copy of each edition can best judge for himself by comparing any couple of pages he may select. Of my own share in the work I wish to say nothing, as I have mainly benefited by the labours of others; but I may say[vii] that, when I undertook the position of editor of what, with the smallest possible stretch of fancy, may now be called a new book, I had no idea that the alteration would be nearly so large or so manifest. However, as the work is now done, it will best speak for itself, and, as good wine needs no bush, I will leave it, in all hope of their tenderness, to those readers who are best qualified to say how the task has been consummated.
In conclusion, it is but fair for me to thank, as strongly as weak words will permit, those gentlemen who have in various ways assisted me. To two of them, who are well known in the world of literature, and who have not only aided me with advice, but have placed many new words and etymologies at my service, I am under particular obligation. With this I beg to subscribe myself, the reader’s most obedient servant,
The Editor.
December 20, 1873.
The Publishers will be much obliged by the receipt of any cant, slang, or vulgar words not mentioned in the Dictionary. The probable origin, or etymology, of any fashionable or unfashionable vulgarism, will also be received with thanks.
[viii]
[ix]
CONTENTS.
[x]
“All ridiculous words make their first entry into a language by familiar phrases; I dare not answer for these that they will not in time be looked upon as a part of our tongue.”—Spectator.
“Rabble-charming words, which carry so much wild fire wrapt up in them.”—South.
“Slang derivations are generally indirect, turning upon metaphor and fanciful allusions, and other than direct etymological connexion. Such allusions and fancies are essentially temporary or local; they rapidly pass out of the public mind: the word remains, while the key to its origin is lost.”
“Many of these [slang] words and phrases are but serving their apprenticeship, and will eventually become the active strength of our language.”—H. T. Buckle.
[1]
THE HISTORY OF CANT,
OR THE
SECRET LANGUAGE OF VAGABONDS.
Cant and Slang are universal and world-wide. By their means is often said in a sentence what would otherwise take an hour to express. Nearly every nation on the face of the globe, polite and barbarous, has its divisions and subdivisions of various ranks of society. These are necessarily of many kinds, stationary and wandering, civilized and uncivilized, respectable and disreputable,—those who have fixed abodes and avail themselves of the refinements of civilization, and those who go from place to place picking up a precarious livelihood by petty sales, begging, or theft. This peculiarity is to be observed amongst the heathen tribes of the southern hemisphere, as well as in the oldest and most refined countries of Europe. In South Africa, the naked and miserable Hottentots are pestered by the still more abject Sonquas; and it may be some satisfaction for us to know that our old enemies at the Cape, the Kaffirs, are troubled with a tribe of rascals called Fingoes,—the former term, we are informed by travellers, signifying beggars, and the latter wanderers and outcasts. In South America, and among the islands of the Pacific, matters are pretty much the same. Sleek rascals, without much inclination towards honesty, fatten, or rather fasten, like the insects in the famous epigram, upon other rascals, who would be equally sleek and fat but for their vagabond dependents. Luckily for respectable persons, however, vagabonds, both at home[2] and abroad, generally show certain outward peculiarities which distinguish them from the great mass of law-abiding people on whom they subsist. Observation shows that the wandering races are remarkable for an abnormal development of the bones of the face, as the jaws, cheek-bones, &c., for high-crowned, stubborn-shaped heads, quick, restless eyes,[1] and hands nervously itching to be doing; for their love of gambling; for sensuality of all kinds; and for their use of a Cant language with which to conceal their designs and plunderings.
The secret jargon, or rude speech, of the vagabonds who hang upon the Hottentots is termed Cuze-cat. In Finland, the fellows who steal seal-skins, pick the pockets of bear-skin overcoats, and talk cant, are termed Lappes. In France, the secret language of highwaymen, housebreakers, and pickpockets, is named Argot. The brigands and more romantic rascals of Spain term their private tongue Germania,[2] or Robbers’ Language. Rothwälsch,[3] or foreign-beggar-talk, is synonymous with cant and thieves’ talk in Germany. The vulgar dialect of Malta, and the Scala towns of the Levant—imported into this country and incorporated with English cant—is known as the Lingua Franca, or bastard Italian. And the crowds of lazy beggars that infest the streets of Naples and Rome, as well as the brigands of Pompeii, use a secret language termed Gergo. In England, as we all know, it is called Cant—often improperly Slang.
Most nations, then, possess each a tongue, or series of tongues maybe, each based on the national language, by which not only thieves, beggars, and other outcasts communicate, but which is used more or less by all classes. There is hardly any community in this country, hardly any profession, but has its slang,[3] and proficiency in this is the greatest desideratum of an aspirant to the pleasures of Society, or the honours of literature and art. The formation of these secret tongues varies, of course, with the circumstances surrounding the speakers. A writer in Notes and Queries has well remarked that “the investigation of the origin and principles of cant and slang language opens a curious field of inquiry, replete with considerable interest to the philologist and the philosopher. It affords a remarkable instance of lingual contrivance, which, without the introduction of much arbitrary matter, has developed a system of communicating ideas, having all the advantages of a foreign language.”
“The terms Cant and Canting were probably derived from chaunt and chaunting,—the whining tone, or modulation of voice adopted by beggars, with intent to coax, wheedle, or cajole by pretensions of wretchedness.”[4] For the origin of the other application of the word Cant, pulpit hypocrisy, we are indebted to the Spectator—“Cant is by some people derived from one Andrew Cant, who, they say, was a Presbyterian minister in some illiterate part of Scotland, who, by exercise and use, had obtained the faculty, alias gift, of talking in the pulpit in such a dialect that ’tis said he was understood by none but his own congregation,—and not by all of them. Since Master Cant’s time it has been understood in a larger sense, and signifies all exclamations, whinings, unusual tones, and, in fine, all praying and preaching like the unlearned of the Presbyterians.” This anecdote is curious, though it is but fair to assume that the preacher’s name was taken from his practice, rather than that the practice was called after the preacher. As far as we are concerned, however, in the present inquiry, Cant was derived from chaunt, a beggar’s whine; “chaunting” being the recognised term amongst beggars to this day for begging orations and street whinings; and “chaunter,” a street talker and tramp, is still the term used by strollers and patterers. This[4] race is, however, nearly obsolete. The use of the word Cant, amongst beggars, must certainly have commenced at a very early date, for we find “To cante, to speake,” in Harman’s list of Rogues’ Words in the year 1566; and Harrison about the same time,[5] in speaking of beggars and Gipsies, says, “they have devised a language among themselves which they name Canting, but others Pedlars’ Frenche.”
Now, the word Cant in its old sense, and Slang[6] in its modern application, although used by good writers and persons of education as synonyms, are in reality quite distinct and separate terms. Cant, apart from religious hypocrisy, refers to the old secret language of Gipsies, thieves, tramps, and beggars. Slang represents that evanescent language, ever changing with fashion and taste, which has principally come into vogue during the last seventy or eighty years, spoken by persons in every grade of life, rich and poor, honest and dishonest.[7] Cant is old; Slang is always modern and ever changing. To illustrate the difference: a thief in Cant language would term a horse a “prancer” or a “prad;” while in Slang, a man of fashion would speak of it as a “bit of blood,” a “spanker,” or a “neat tit.” A handkerchief, too, would be a “billy,” a “fogle,” or a “Kent rag,” in the secret language of low characters; whilst amongst the modern folk who affect Slang, it would be called a “stook,” a “wipe,” a “fogle,” or a “clout.” Cant was formed for purposes of secrecy. Slang, though it has a tendency the same way, is still often indulged in from a mild desire to appear familiar with life, gaiety, town-humour, and the transient nicknames[5] and street jokes of the day. Both Cant and Slang, we have before said, are often huddled together as synonyms; but they are most certainly distinct, and as such should be used.
To the Gipsies, beggars and thieves are in great measure indebted for their Cant language. It is supposed that the Gipsies originally landed in this country early in the reign of Henry VIII. They were at first treated as conjurors and magicians,—indeed, they were hailed by the populace with as much applause as a company of English performers usually receives on arriving in a distant colony. They came here with all their old Eastern arts of palmistry and second-sight, with their factitious power of doubling money by incantation and burial,—shreds of pagan idolatry; and they brought with them, also, the dishonesty of the lower-caste Orientals, and the nomadic tastes they had acquired through centuries of wandering over nearly the whole of the then known globe. They possessed also a language quite distinct from anything that had been heard in England up till their advent; they claimed the title of Egyptians, and as such, when their thievish propensities became a public nuisance, were cautioned and proscribed in a royal proclamation by Henry VIII.[8] The Gipsies were not long in the country before they found native imitators; and indeed the imitation is much more frequently found nowadays, in the ranks of the so-called Gipsies, than is the genuine article. Vagabondism is peculiarly catching, and the idle, the vagrant, and the criminal soon caught the idea from the Gipsies, and learned from them to tramp, sleep under hedges and trees, tell fortunes, and find lost property for a consideration—frequently, as the saying runs, having found it themselves before it was lost. They also learned the value and application of a secret tongue; indeed, with the Gipsies came in all the accompaniments of maunding and imposture, except thieving and begging,[6] which were well known in this country, and perhaps in every other, long before visitors had an opportunity of teaching them.
Harman, in 1566, wrote a singular, not to say droll, book, entitled, A Caveat for commen Cvrsetors, vulgarly called Vagabones, newly augmented and inlarged, wherein the history and various descriptions of rogues and vagabonds are given, together with their canting tongue. This book, the earliest of the kind, gives the singular fact that within a dozen years after the landing of the Gipsies, companies of English vagrants were formed, places of meeting appointed, districts for plunder and begging operations marked out, and rules agreed to for their common management. In some cases Gipsies joined the English gangs; in others, English vagrants joined the Gipsies. The fellowship was found convenient and profitable, as both parties were aliens to the laws and customs of the country, living in a great measure in the open air, apart from the lawful public, and often meeting each other on the same by-path, or in the same retired valley; but seldom intermarrying or entirely adopting each other’s habits. The common people, too, soon began to consider them as of one family,—all rogues, and from Egypt. This superstition must have been very firmly imbedded, for it is still current. The secret language spoken by the Gipsies, principally Hindoo, and extremely barbarous to English ears, was found incomprehensible and very difficult to learn. The Gipsies naturally found a similar difficulty with the English language. A rude, rough, and singular, but under the circumstances not unnatural, compromise was made, and a mixture of Gipsy, old English, newly-coined words, and cribbings from any foreign, and therefore secret, language, mixed and jumbled together, formed what has ever since been known as the Canting Language, or Pedlar’s French; or, during the past century, St. Giles’s Greek.
Such was the origin of Cant; and in illustration of its blending with the Gipsy or Cingari tongue, we are enabled to[7] give the accompanying list of Gipsy, and often Hindoo, words, with, in many instances, their English representatives:—
[In those instances indicated by a (*), it is doubtful whether we are indebted to the Gipsies for the terms. Dad, in Welsh, also signifies a father. Cur is stated to be a mere term of reproach, like Dog, which in all European languages has been applied in an abusive sense. Objections may also be raised against Gad, Maund, and many other of these parallels. We have, however, no wish to present them as infallible; our idea is merely to call the reader’s attention to the undoubted similarity between both the sound and the sense in most examples.]
Here, then, we have the remarkable fact of at least a few words of pure Gipsy origin going the round of Europe, passing into this country before the Reformation, and coming down to us through numerous generations purely by the mouths of the people. They have seldom been written or used in books, and it is simply as vulgarisms that they have reached us. Only a few are now Cant, and some are household words. The word jockey, as applied to a dealer or rider of horses, came from the Gipsy, and means in that language a whip. The word, used as a verb, is an instance of modern slang grown out of the ancient. Our standard dictionaries give, of course, none but conjectural etymologies. Another word, bamboozle, has been a sore difficulty with lexicographers. It is not in the old dictionaries, although it is extensively used in familiar or popular language for the last two centuries; and is, in fact, the very kind of word that such writers as Swift, Butler, L’Estrange, and Arbuthnot would pick out at once as a telling and most serviceable term. It is, as we have seen, from the Gipsy; and here we must state that it was Boucher who first drew attention[9] to the fact, although in his remarks on the dusky tongue he has made an evident mistake by concluding it to be identical with its offspring, Cant. Other parallel instances, with but slight variations from the old Gipsy meanings, might be mentioned; but sufficient examples have been adduced to show that Marsden, a great Oriental scholar in the last century, when he declared before the Society of Antiquaries that the Cant of English thieves and beggars had nothing to do with the language spoken by the despised Gipsies, was in error. Had the Gipsy tongue been analysed and committed to writing three centuries ago, there is every probability that many scores of words now in common use could be at once traced to its source, having been adopted as our language has developed towards its present shape through many varied paths. Instances continually occur nowadays of street vulgarisms ascending to the drawing-rooms of respectable society. Who, then, can doubt that the Gipsy-vagabond alliance of three centuries ago has contributed its quota of common words to popular speech?
Thomas Moore, in a humorous little book, Tom Crib’s Memorial to Congress, 1819, says, “The Gipsy language, with the exception of such terms as relate to their own peculiar customs, differs but little from the regular Flash or Cant language.” But this was magnifying the importance of the alliance. Moore, we should think, knew nothing of the Gipsy tongue other than the few Cant words put into the mouths of the beggars in Beaumont and Fletcher’s Comedy of the Beggar’s Bush, and Ben Jonson’s Masque of the Gipsies Metamorphosed,—hence his confounding Cant with Gipsy speech, and appealing to the Glossary of Cant for so-called “Gipsy” words at the end of the Life of Bamfylde Moore Carew, to bear him out in his assertion. Still his remark bears much truth, and proof of this would have been found long ago if any scholar had taken the trouble to examine the “barbarous jargon of Cant,” and to have compared it with Gipsy speech. George Borrow, in his[10] Account of the Gipsies in Spain, thus eloquently concludes his second volume; speaking of the connexion of the Gipsies with Europeans, he says:—“Yet from this temporary association were produced two results; European fraud became sharpened by coming into contact with Asiatic craft; whilst European tongues, by imperceptible degrees, became recruited with various words (some of them wonderfully expressive), many of which have long been stumbling-blocks to the philologist, who, whilst stigmatizing them as words of mere vulgar invention, or of unknown origin, has been far from dreaming that a little more research or reflection would have proved their affinity to the Sclavonic, Persian, or Romaic, or perhaps to the mysterious object of his veneration, the Sanscrit, the sacred tongue of the palm-covered regions of Ind; words originally introduced into Europe by objects too miserable to occupy for a moment his lettered attention—the despised denizens of the tents of Roma.” These words might with very little alteration be ascribed to the subject of which this volume is supposed—indeed hoped—to be a handbook.
But the Gipsies, their speech, their character—bad enough, as all the world testifies, but yet not devoid of redeeming qualities—their history, and their religious belief, have been totally disregarded, and their poor persons buffeted and jostled about until it is a wonder that any trace of origin or national speech remains. On the Continent they received better attention at the hands of learned men. Their language was taken down in writing and examined, their history was traced, and their extraordinary customs and practice of living in the open air, and eating raw, and often putrid meat, were explained. They ate reptiles and told fortunes because they had learnt to do so through their forefathers centuries back in Hindostan; and they devoured carrion because the Hindoo proverb—“That which God kills is better than that killed by man”[10]—was[11] still in their remembrance. This is the sort of proverb, we should imagine, that would hardly commend itself to any one who had not an unnatural and ghoule-like tendency anxious for full development. Grellman, a learned German, was their principal historian, and to him, and those who have followed him, we are almost entirely indebted for the little we know of their language. The first European settlement of the Gipsies was in the provinces adjoining the Danube, Moldau and Theiss, where M. Cogalniceano, in his Essai sur les Cigains de la Moldo-Valachie, estimates them at 200,000. Not a few of our ancient and modern Cant and Slang terms are Wallachian and Greek words, picked up by these wanderers from the East, and added to their common stock.
Gipsy, then, started, and was partially merged into Cant; and the old story told by Harrison and others, that the first inventor of canting was hanged for his pains, would seem to be a humorous invention, for jargon as it is, it was doubtless of gradual formation, like all other languages or systems of speech. Most of the modern Gipsies know the old Cant words as well as their own tongue—or rather what remains of it. As Borrow says, “The dialect of the English Gipsies is mixed with English words.”[11] Those of the tribe who frequent fairs, and mix with English tramps, readily learn the new words, as they are adopted by what Harman calls “the fraternity of vagabonds.” Indeed, the old Cant is a common language to the vagrants of many descriptions and every possible origin who are scattered over the British Isles.
English Cant has its mutabilities like every other system of speech, and is considerably altered since the first dictionary was compiled by Harman in 1566. A great many words are unknown in the present tramps’ and thieves’ vernacular. Some of them, however, still bear their old definitions, while others have adopted fresh meanings. “Abraham-man” is yet seen in[12] our modern “sham Abraham,” or “play the old soldier”—i.e., to feign sickness or distress. “Autum” is still a church or chapel amongst Gipsies; and “beck,” a constable, is our modern Cant and Slang “beak,” once a policeman, but now a magistrate. “Bene,” or “bone,” stands for good in Seven Dials and the back streets of Westminster; and “bowse” is our modern “booze,” to drink or fuddle. A “bowsing ken” was the old Cant term for a public-house; and “boozing ken,” in modern Cant, has precisely the same meaning. There is little doubt, though, that the pronunciations were always as they are now, so far at least as these two instances are concerned. “Cassan” is both old and modern Cant for cheese; the same may be said of “chattes,” or “chatts,” the gallows. “Cofe,” or “cove,” is still a vulgar synonym for a man. “Dudes” was Cant for clothes; we now say “duds.” “Flag” is still a fourpenny-piece; and “fylche” means to rob. “Ken” is a house, and “lick” means to thrash; “prancer” is yet known amongst rogues as a horse; and to “prig,” amongst high and low, is to steal. Three centuries ago, if one beggar said anything disagreeable to another, the person annoyed would say, “Stow you,” or hold your peace; low people now say, “Stow it,” equivalent to “Be quiet.” There is, so far as the Slang goes, no actual difference in the use of these phrases, the variation being in the pronouns—in fact, in the direction. “Trine” is still to hang; “wyn” yet stands for a penny. And many other words, as will be seen in the Dictionary, still retain their ancient meaning.
As specimens of those words which have altered their original Cant signification, may be instanced “ chete,” now written cheat. “Chete” was in ancient Cant what chop is in the Canton-Chinese—an almost inseparable adjunct. Everything was termed a “chete,” and qualified by a substantive-adjective, which showed what kind of a “chete” was meant; for instance, “crashing-chetes” were teeth; a “moffling-chete,” was a napkin; a “topping-chete,” was the gallows, and a “grunting-chete,” was a pig. Cheat nowadays means to cozen or defraud, and lexicographers[13] have tortured etymology for an original—but without success. Escheats and escheatours have been named, but with great doubts; indeed, Stevens, the learned commentator on Shakspeare, acknowledged that he “did not recollect to have met with the word cheat in our ancient writers.”[12] Cheat, to defraud, then, is no other than an old Cant term somewhat altered in its meaning,[13] and as such it should be described in the next etymological dictionary. Another instance of a change in the meaning of the old Cant, but the retention of the word, is seen in “cly,” formerly to take or steal, now a pocket; and with the remembrance of a certain class of low characters, a curious connexion between the two meanings is discovered. “Make” was a halfpenny: we now say “mag,”—“make” being modern Cant for getting money by any possible means, their apophthegm being—“Get money the best way you can, but make it somehow.” “Milling” stood for stealing; it ultimately became a pugilistic term, and then faded into nothingness, “the cove wot loves a mill,” being a thing of the past. “Nab” was a head,—low people now say “nob,” the former meaning, in modern Cant, to steal or seize. “Pek” was meat,—we still say “peckish,” when hungry. “Peckish” is though more likely to be derived from the action of birds when eating, as all slang has its origin in metaphor. “Prygges, dronken Tinkers or beastly people,” as old Harman wrote, would scarcely be understood now; a “prig,” in the 19th century, is a pickpocket or thief. He is also a mean, contemptible little “cuss,” who is not, as a rule, found in low life, but who could be very well spared from that of the middle and upper classes. “ Quier,” or “queer,” like cheat, was a very common prefix, and meant bad or wicked,—it now means odd, curious, or strange; but to the ancient Cant we are possibly indebted[14] for the word, which etymologists should remember.[14] “Rome,” or “rum,” formerly meant good, or of the first quality, and was extensively used like cheat and queer,—indeed as an adjective it was the opposite of the latter. “Rum” now means curious, and is synonymous with queer; thus,—“rummy old bloke,” or a “queer old man.” Here again we see the origin of an every-day word, scouted by lexicographers and snubbed by respectable persons, but still a word of frequent and popular use. “Yannam” meant bread; “pannum” is the word now. Other instances could be pointed out, but they will be observed in the Dictionary.
But perhaps we cannot do better than present to the reader[15] at once an entire copy of the first Canting Dictionary ever compiled. As before mentioned, it was the work of one Thomas Harman, who lived in the days of Queen Elizabeth. Some writers have remarked that Decker[17] was the first to compile a dictionary of the vagabonds’ tongue; whilst Borrow[18] and Moore stated that Richard Head performed that service in his Life of an English Rogue, published in the year 1680. All these statements are equally incorrect, for the first attempt was made more than a century before the latter work was issued. The quaint spelling and old-fashioned phraseology are preserved, and the initiated will quickly recognise many vulgar street words as old acquaintances dressed in antique garb.[19]
Turning attention more to the Cant of modern times, in connexion with the old, it will be found that words have been[20] drawn into the thieves’ vocabulary from every conceivable source. Hard or infrequent words, vulgarly termed “crack-jaw,” or “jaw-breakers,” were very often used and considered as Cant terms. And here it should be mentioned that at the present day the most inconsistent and far-fetched terms are often used for secret purposes, when they are known to be caviare to the million. It is strange that such words as incongruous, insipid, interloper, intriguing, indecorum, forestall, equip, hush, grapple, &c., &c., were current Cant words a century and a half ago, if we are to judge by the Dictionary of Canting Words at the end of Bacchus and Venus,[20] 1737. It is but fair, however, to assume that the compiler of the dictionary was but trading on the demand for Cant phrases, and was humbugging his readers. The terms are inserted not as jokes or squibs, but as selections from the veritable pocket dictionaries of the Jack Sheppards and Dick Turpins of the day. If they were safely used as unknown and cabalistic terms amongst the commonalty, the fact would form a very curious illustration of the ignorance of our poor ancestors; but it would be unfair and, indeed, idiotic to assume this without much stronger proof than the book in question gives of itself.
Amongst those Cant words which have either altered their meanings, or have become extinct, may be cited lady, formerly the Cant for “a very crooked, deformed, and ill-shapen woman;”[21] and Harman, “a pair of stocks, or a constable.” The former is a pleasant piece of sarcasm, whilst the latter indicates a singular method of revenge, or else of satire. Harman was the first author who specially wrote against English vagabonds, and for his trouble his name, we are told, became synonymous with a pair of stocks, or a policeman of the olden time.
[21]
Apart from the Gipsy element, we find that Cant abounds in terms from foreign languages, and that it exhibits signs of a growth similar to that of most recognised and completely-formed tongues,—the gathering of words from foreign sources. In the reign of Elizabeth and of King James I., several Dutch, Flemish, and Spanish words were introduced by soldiers who had served in the Low Countries and sailors who had returned from the Spanish Main, who, like “mine ancient Pistol,” were fond of garnishing their speech with outlandish phrases. Many of these were soon picked up and adopted by vagabonds and tramps in their Cant language. The Anglo-Norman and the Anglo-Saxon, the Scotch, the French, the Italian, and even the classic languages of ancient Italy and Greece, besides the various provincial dialects of England, have contributed to its list of words. Indeed, as has been remarked, English Cant seems to be formed on the same basis as the Argot of the French and the Roth-Sprach of the Germans—partly metaphorical, and partly by the introduction of such corrupted foreign terms as are likely to be unknown to the society amid which the Cant speakers exist. Argot is the London thieves’ word for their secret language; it is, of course, from the French, but that matters not, so long as it is incomprehensible to the police and the mob. “Booze,” or “bouse,” is supposed to come from the Dutch buysen, though the word has been in use in England for some hundreds of years. “Domine,” a parson, is from the Spanish. “Donna and feeles,” a woman and children, is from the Latin; and “don,” a clever fellow, has been filched from the Lingua Franca, or bastard Italian, although it sounds like an odd mixture of Spanish and French; whilst “duds,” the vulgar term for clothes, may have been pilfered either from the Gaelic or the Dutch. “Feele,” a daughter, from the French; and “frow,” a girl or wife, from the German—are common tramps’ terms. So are “gent,” silver, from the French argent; and “vial,” a country town, also from the French. “Horrid-horn,” a fool, is believed to be from the[22] Erse; and “gloak,” a man, from the Scotch. As stated before, the dictionary will supply numerous other instances.
The Celtic languages have contributed many Cant and vulgar words to our popular vocabulary. These have come to us through the Gaelic and Irish languages, so closely allied in their material as to be merely dialects of a primitive common tongue. This element may arise from the Celtic portion of our population, which, from its position as slaves or servants to its ancient conquerors, has contributed so largely to the lowest class of the community, therefore to our Slang, provincial, or colloquial words; or it may be an importation from Irish immigrants, who have contributed their fair proportion to our criminal stock.
There is one source, however, of secret street terms which in the first edition of this work was entirely overlooked,—indeed, it was unknown to the original compiler until pointed out by a correspondent,—the Lingua Franca, or bastard Italian, spoken at Genoa, Trieste, Malta, Constantinople, Smyrna, Alexandria, and all Mediterranean seaport towns. The ingredients of this imported Cant are, as its name denotes, many. Its foundation is Italian, with a mixture of modern Greek, German (from the Austrian ports), Spanish, Turkish, and French. It has been introduced to the notice of the London wandering tribes by the sailors, foreign and English, who trade to and from the Mediterranean seaports, but it must not be confounded with the mixture of Irish, English, and Italian spoken in neighbourhoods like Saffron Hill and Leather Lane, which are thronged with swarms of organ-grinders from all parts of Italy, and makers of images from Rome and Florence,—all of whom, in these dense thoroughfares, mingle with our lower orders. It would occupy too much space here to give a list of the words used in either of these Babel-like tongues, especially as the principal of them are noted in the dictionary.
“There are several Hebrew terms in our Cant language, obtained, it would appear, from the intercourse of the thieves[23] with the Jew fences (receivers of stolen goods); many of the Cant terms, again, are Sanscrit, got from the Gipsies; many Latin, got by the beggars from the Catholic prayers before the Reformation; and many again, Italian, got from the wandering musicians and others; indeed, the showmen have but lately introduced a number of Italian phrases into their Cant language.”[22] The Hindostanee also contributes several words, and these have been introduced by the Lascar sailors, who come over here in the East Indiamen, and often lodge during their stay in the low tramps’ houses at the East-end of London. Speaking of the learned tongues, it may be mentioned that, precarious and abandoned as the vagabonds’ existence is, many persons of classical or refined education have from time to time joined the nomadic ranks,—occasionally from inclination, as in the popular instance of Bamfylde Moore Carew, but generally through indiscretions, which involve pecuniary difficulty and loss of character.[23] This will in some measure account for numerous classical and learned words figuring as Cant terms in the vulgar dictionary.
In the early part of the last century, when highwaymen and footpads were plentiful, and when the dangerous classes were in larger proportion to the bulk of the population than they are now, a great many new words were added to the canting vocabulary, whilst several old terms fell into disuse. “Cant,” for instance, as applied to thieves’ talk, was supplanted by the word “flash.” In the North of England the Cant employed by tramps and thieves is known as “Gammy.” It is mainly[24] from the old Gipsy corrupted. In the large towns of Ireland and Scotland this secret language is also spoken, with of course additions peculiar to each locality. All those words derived from “gammy” are inserted in the dictionary as from the North country.
and Dr. Latham remarks that “the thieves of London are the conservators of Anglo-Saxonisms.” A young gentleman from Belgravia, who had lost his watch or his pocket-handkerchief, would scarcely remark to his mamma that it had been “boned”—yet “bone,” in old times, meant, amongst high and low, to steal. And a young lady living in the precincts of dingy but aristocratic Mayfair, although enraptured with a Jenny Lind or a Ristori, would hardly think of turning back in the box to inform papa that she (Ristori or Lind) “made no ‘bones’ of it”—yet the phrase was most respectable and well-to-do before it met with a change of circumstances. Possibly fashion, in its journey from east to west, left certain phrases and metaphors behind, which being annexed by the newcomers, sank gradually in the social scale until they ultimately passed out of the written language altogether, and became “flash” or Slang. “A ‘crack’ article,” however first-rate, would have greatly displeased Dr. Johnson and Mr. Walker—yet both crack, in the sense of excellent, and crack up, to boast or praise, were not considered vulgarisms in the time of Henry VIII. The former term is used frequently nowadays, as a kind of polite and modified Slang—as a “crack” regiment, a “crack” shot, &c. “Dodge,” a cunning trick, is from the Anglo-Saxon; and ancient nobles used to “get each other’s ‘dander’ up” before appealing to their swords,—quite “flabbergasting” (also[25] a respectable old word) the half-score of lookers-on with the thumps and cuts of their heavy weapons. “Gallivanting,” waiting upon the ladies, was as polite in expression as in action; whilst a clergyman at Paule’s Crosse thought nothing of bidding a noisy hearer “hold his ‘gab,’” or “shut up his ‘gob.’” But then the essence of preaching was to indulge in idiomatic phrases and colloquialisms—a practice now almost peculiar to itinerant “ranters.” “Gadding,” roaming about in an idle and vacant manner, was used in an old translation of the Bible; and “to do anything ‘gingerly’” was to do it with great care. Persons of modern affected tastes will be shocked to know that the great Lord Bacon spoke of the lower part of a man’s face as his “gills,” though the expression is not more objectionable than the generality of metaphor, and is considerably more respectable than many words admitted to the genteel—we use the word advisedly—vocabulary.
Shakspeare also used many words which are now counted dreadfully vulgar. “‘Clean’ gone,” in the sense of out of sight, or entirely away; “you took me all ‘a-mort,’” or confounded me; “it wont ‘fadge,’” or suit, are phrases taken at random from the great dramatist’s works. These phrases are the natural outcome of the poet’s truth to life in the characters he portrayed. A London costermonger, or inhabitant of the streets, instead of saying, “I’ll make him yield,” or “give in,” in a fight or contest, would say, “I’ll make him ‘buckle’ under.” Shakspeare in his Henry the Fourth (part ii. act i. scene 1), has the word; and Mr. Halliwell, one of the greatest and most industrious of living antiquaries, informs us that “the commentators do not supply another example.” If Shakspeare was not a pugilist, he certainly anticipated the terms of the prize-ring—or they were respectable words before the prize-ring was thought of—for he has “pay,” to beat or thrash, and “pepper,” with a similar meaning; also “fancy,” in the sense of pets and favourites,—pugilists are often termed “the ‘fancy.’” The origin of the term, as applied to them, has, however, never been[26] satisfactorily decided, though Pierce Egan and others since his time have speculated ingeniously on the subject. The Cant word “prig,” from the Saxon priccan, to filch, is also Shakspearian; so, indeed, is “piece,” a contemptuous term for a young woman. Shakspeare was not the only vulgar dramatist of his time. Ben Jonson, Beaumont and Fletcher, Brome, and other play-writers, occasionally, and very naturally, put Cant words into the mouths of their low characters, or employed old words which have since degenerated into vulgarisms. “Crusty,” poor tempered; “two of a kidney,” two of a sort; “lark,” a piece of fun; “lug,” to pull; “bung,” to give or pass; “pickle,” a sad plight; “frump,” to mock, are a few specimens casually picked from the works of the old histrionic writers.
One old English mode of canting, simple enough, but affected only by the most miserable impostors, was the inserting a consonant betwixt each syllable; thus, taking g, “How do you do?” would be “Howg dog youg dog?” The name very properly given to this disagreeable nonsense, we are informed by Grose, was gibberish.
Another slang has been manufactured by transposing the initial letters of words, so that a mutton chop becomes a chutton mop, and a pint of stout a stint of pout; but it is satisfactory to know that it has gained no ground, as it is remarkable for nothing so much as poverty of resource on the part of its inventors. This is called “Marrowskying,” or “Medical Greek,” from its use by medical students at the hospitals. Albert Smith termed it the “Gower Street Dialect,” and referred to it occasionally in his best-known works.
The “Language of Ziph,” it may be noted, is another rude mode of disguising English, in use among the students at Winchester College. Some notices of this method of conveying secret information, with an extensive Glossary of the Words, Phrases, Customs, &c., peculiar to the College, may be found in Mr. Mansfield’s School Life at Winchester College. It is certainly too puerile a specimen of work to find place here.
[27]
ACCOUNT
OF THE
HIEROGLYPHICS USED BY VAGABONDS.
One of the most singular chapters in a history of vagabondism would certainly be “An Account of the Hieroglyphic Signs used by Tramps and Thieves,” and it certainly would not be the least interesting. The reader may be startled to know that, in addition to a secret language, the wandering tribes of this country have private marks and symbols with which to score their successes, failures, and advice to succeeding beggars; in fact, there is no doubt that the country is really dotted over with beggars’ finger-posts and guide-stones. The subject was not long since brought under the attention of the Government by Mr. Rawlinson.[24] “There is,” he says in his report, “a sort of blackguards’ literature, and the initiated understand each other by Slang [Cant] terms, by pantomimic signs, and by hieroglyphics. The vagrant’s mark may be seen in Havant, on corners of streets, on door-posts, on house-steps. Simple as these chalk-lines appear, they inform the succeeding vagrants of all they require to know; and a few white scratches may say, ‘Be importunate,’ or ‘Pass on.’”
Another very curious account was taken from a provincial newspaper, published in 1849, and forwarded to Notes and[28] Queries,[25] under the head of Mendicant Freemasonry. “Persons,” remarks the writer, “indiscreet enough to open their purses to the relief of the beggar tribe, would do well to take a readily-learned lesson as to the folly of that misguided benevolence which encourages and perpetuates vagabondism. Every door or passage is pregnant with instruction as to the error committed by the patron of beggars; as the beggar-marks show that a system of freemasonry is followed, by which a beggar knows whether it will be worth his while to call into a passage or knock at a door. Let any one examine the entrances to the passages in any town, and there he will find chalk marks, unintelligible to him, but significant enough to beggars. If a thousand towns are examined, the same marks will be found at every passage entrance. The passage mark is a cypher with a twisted tail; in some cases the tail projects into the passage, in others outwardly; thus seeming to indicate whether the houses down the passage are worth calling at or not. Almost every door has its marks; these are varied. In some cases there is a cross on the brickwork, in others a cypher; the figures 1, 2, 3 are also used. Every person may for himself test the accuracy of these statements by the examination of the brickwork near his own doorway—thus demonstrating that mendicity is a regular trade, carried out upon a system calculated to save time, and realize the largest profits.” These remarks refer mainly to provincial towns, London being looked upon as the tramps’ home, and therefore too “fly” or experienced to be duped by such means. The title it obtains, that of “the Start,” or first place in everything, is significant of this.
Provincial residents, who are more likely to view the foregoing extract with an eye of suspicion than are those who live in a position to constantly watch for and profit by evidences of the secret intercommunication indulged in by the dangerous[29] classes, should note, in favour of the extract given, how significant is the practice of tramps and beggars calling in unfrequented localities, and how obvious it is that they are directed by a code of signals at once complete and imperious. It is bad for a tramp who is discovered disobeying secret orders. He is marked out and subjected to all kinds of annoyance by means of decoy hieroglyphs, until his life becomes a burden to him, and he is compelled to starve or—most horrible of alternatives—go to work.
The only other notice of the hieroglyphs of vagabonds worth remarking is in Mayhew’s London Labour and the London Poor.[26] Mayhew obtained his information from two tramps, who stated that hawkers employ these signs as well as beggars. One tramp thus described the method of “working”[27] a small town. “Two hawkers (‘pals’[27]) go together, but separate when they enter a village, one taking one side of the road, and selling different things, and so as to inform each other as to the character of the people at whose houses they call, they chalk certain marks on their door-posts.” Another informant stated that “if a ‘patterer’[27] has been ‘crabbed’” (that is, offended by refusal or exposure) “at any of the ‘cribs’” (houses), “he mostly chalks a signal at or near the door.” These hawkers were not of the ordinary, but of the tramp, class, who carried goods more as a blind to their real designs than for the purposes of sale. They, in fact, represented the worst kinds of the two classes. The law has comparatively recently improved these nondescript gentry off the face of the country, and the hawker of the present day is generally a man more sinned against than sinning.
Another use is also made of hieroglyphs. Charts of successful begging neighbourhoods are rudely drawn, and symbolical signs attached to each house to show whether benevolent or adverse.[28] “In many cases there is over the kitchen mantelpiece”[30] of a tramps’ lodging-house “a map of the district, dotted here and there with memorandums of failure or success.” A correct facsimile of one of these singular maps is given in this book. It was obtained from the patterers and tramps who supplied a great many words for this work, and who were employed by the original publisher in collecting Old Ballads, Christmas Carols, Dying Speeches, and Last Lamentations, as materials for a History of Popular Literature. The reader will, no doubt, be amused with the drawing. The locality depicted is near Maidstone, in Kent; and it was probably sketched by a wandering Screever[29] in payment for a night’s lodging. The English practice of marking everything, and scratching names on public property, extends itself to the tribe of vagabonds. On the map, as may be seen in the left-hand corner, some Traveller[29] has drawn a favourite or noted female, singularly nicknamed Three-quarter Sarah. What were the peculiar accomplishments of this lady to demand so uncommon a name, the reader will be at a loss to discover; but a patterer says it probably refers to a shuffling dance of that name, common in tramps’ lodging-houses, and in[31] which “¾ Sarah” may have been a proficient. Above her, three beggars or hawkers have reckoned their day’s earnings, amounting to 13s., and on the right a tolerably correct sketch of a low hawker, or cadger, is drawn. “To Dover, the nigh way,” is the exact phraseology; and “hup here,” a fair specimen of the self-acquired education of the draughtsman. No key or explanation to the hieroglyphs was given in the original, because it would have been superfluous, when every inmate of the lodging-house knew the marks from his cradle—or rather his mother’s back.
Where did these signs come from? and when were they first used? are questions which have been asked again and again, and the answers have been many and various. Knowing the character of the Gipsies, and ascertaining from a tramp that they are well acquainted with the hieroglyphs, “and have been as long ago as ever he could remember,” there is little fear of being wrong in ascribing the invention to them. How strange it would be if some modern Belzoni, or Champollion—say Mr.[32] George Smith, for instance—discovered in these beggars’ marks traces of ancient Egyptian or Hindoo sign-writing!
That the Gipsies were in the habit of leaving memorials of the road they had taken, and the successes that had befallen them, is upon record. In an old book, The Triumph of Wit, 1724, there is a passage which appears to have been copied from some older work, and it runs thus:—“The Gipsies set out twice a year, and scatter all over England, each parcel having their appointed stages, that they may not interfere, nor hinder each other; and for that purpose, when they set forward in the country, they stick up boughs in the way of divers kinds, according as it is agreed among them, that one company may know which way another is gone, and so take another road.” The works of Hoyland and Borrow supply other instances.
It would be hardly fair to close this subject without drawing attention to the extraordinary statement that, actually on the threshold of the gibbet, the sign of the vagabond was to be met with! “The murderer’s signal is even exhibited from the gallows; as a red handkerchief held in the hand of the felon about to be executed is a token that he dies without having betrayed any professional secrets.”[30] Private executions have of course rendered this custom obsolete, even if it ever existed.
Since the first editions of this work were published, the publishers have received from various parts of England numerous evidences of the still active use of beggars’ marks and mendicant hieroglyphs. One gentleman writes from Great Yarmouth to say that, whilst residing in Norwich, he used frequently to see them on the houses and street corners in the suburbs. Another gentleman, a clergyman, states that he has so far made himself acquainted with the meanings of the signs employed, that by himself marking the characters (gammy)[33] and (flummuxed) on the gate-posts of his parsonage, he enjoys a singular immunity from alms-seekers and cadgers on the tramp. This hint may not be lost on many other sufferers from importunate beggars, yet its publication may lead to the introduction of a new code.
From the cleft stick here alluded to, we learn the origin and use of , the third hieroglyph in the vagabond’s private list. And the extract also proves that the “rule of the road” is the same with tramps as with that body which is morally less but physically more dangerous, the London drivers.
[34]
A SHORT HISTORY OF SLANG,
OR
THE VULGAR LANGUAGE OF FAST LIFE.
Slang is the language of street humour, of fast, high, and low life. Cant, as was stated in the chapter upon that subject, is the vulgar language of secrecy. It must be admitted, however, that within the past few years they have become almost indivisible. They are both universal and ancient, and appear to have been, with certain exceptions, the offspring of gay, vulgar, or worthless persons in every part of the world at every period of time. Indeed, if we are to believe implicitly the saying of the wise man, that “there is nothing new under the sun,” the “bloods” of buried Nineveh, with their knotty and door-matty-looking beards, may have cracked Slang jokes on the steps of Sennacherib’s palace; while the stocks and stones of ancient Egypt, and the bricks of venerable and used-up Babylon, may be covered with Slang hieroglyphs, which, being perfectly unknown to modern antiquaries, have long been stumbling-blocks to the philologist; so impossible is it at this day to say what was then authorized, or what vulgar, language. The only objection that can be raised to this idea is, that Slang was, so far as can be discovered, traditional, and unwritten, until the appearance of this volume, a state of things which accounts for its many changes, and the doubtful orthography of even its best known and most permanent forms. Slang is almost as old as speech, and must date from the congregating together of[35] people in cities. It is the result of crowding, and excitement, and artificial life. We have traces of this as far as we can refer back. Martial, the epigrammatist, is full of Slang. When an uninvited guest accompanied his friend, the Slang of the day styled him his “umbra;” when a man was trussed, neck and heels, it called him jocosely “quadrupus.” Slang is nowadays very often the only vehicle by which rodomontade may be avoided. It is often full of the most pungent satire, and is always to the point. Without point Slang has no raison d’être.
Old English Slang was coarser, and depended more upon downright vulgarity than our modern Slang. It was a jesting speech, or humorous indulgence for the thoughtless moment or the drunken hour, and it acted as a vent-peg for a fit of temper or irritability; but it did not interlard and permeate every description of conversation as now. It was confined to nicknames and improper subjects, and encroached but to a very small extent upon the domain of authorized speech. Indeed, it was exceedingly limited when compared with the vast territory of Slang in such general favour and complete circulation at the present day. Still, although not an extensive institution, as in our time, Slang certainly did exist in this country centuries ago, as we may see if we look down the page of any respectable History of England. Cromwell was familiarly called “Old Noll,”—in much the same way as Bonaparte was termed “Boney,” and Wellington “Conkey” or “Nosey,” only a few years ago.[32] His Legislature, too, was spoken of in a high-flavoured way as the “Barebones” or “Rump” Parliament, and his followers were nicknamed “Roundheads,” and the peculiar religious sects of his protectorate were styled “Puritans” and “Quakers.”[33] The Civil War pamphlets, and the[36] satirical hits of the Cavaliers and the Commonwealth men, originated numerous Slang words and vulgar similes in full use at the present moment. Here is a field of inquiry for the Philological Society, indeed a territory, for there are thirty thousand of these partisan tracts. Later still, in the court of Charles II., the naughty ladies and the gay lords, with Rochester at their head, talked Slang; and very naughty Slang it was too. Fops in those days, when “over head and ears” in debt, and in continual fear of arrest, termed their enemies, the bailiffs, “Philistines”[34] or “Moabites.” At a later period, when collars were worn detached from shirts, in order to save the expense of washing—an object, it would seem, with needy “swells” in all ages—they obtained the name of “Jacobites.” One-half of the coarse wit in Butler’s Hudibras lurks in the vulgar words and phrases which he was so fond of employing. These Slang phrases contained the marrow of his arguments stripped of all superfluous matter, and they fell with ponderous weight and terrible effect upon his opponents. They were more homely and forcible than the mild and elegant sentences of Cowley, and the people, therefore, hurrahed them, and pronounced Butler one of themselves,—or, as we should say, in a joyful moment, “a jolly good fellow.” Orator Henley preached and prayed in Slang, and first charmed and then ruled the dirty mobs in Lincoln’s Inn Fields by vulgarisms. Burly Grose mentions Henley, with the remark that we owe a great many Slang phrases to him, though even the worst Slang was refinement itself compared with many of Henley’s most studied oratorical utterances, which proves that the most blackguard parts of a blackguard speech may be perfectly free from either Slang or Cant. Swift, and old Sir Roger L’Estrange, and Arbuthnot, were all fond of vulgar or Slang language; indeed, we may see from a Slang word used by the latter how curious[37] is the gradual adoption of vulgar terms in our standard dictionaries. The worthy doctor, in order to annihilate (or, as we should say, with a fitting respect to the subject under consideration, to “smash”) an opponent, thought proper on an occasion to use the word “cabbage,” not in the ancient sense of a flatulent vegetable of the kitchen-garden, but in the at once Slang sense of purloining or cribbing. Johnson soon met with the word, looked at it, examined it, weighed it, and shook his head, but out of respect to a brother doctor inserted it in his dictionary, labelling it, however, prominently “Cant;” whilst Walker and Webster, years after, when all over England “to cabbage” was to pilfer, placed the term in their dictionaries as an ancient and very respectable word. Another Slang term, “gull,” to cheat, or delude, sometimes varied to “gully,” is stated to be connected with the Dean of St. Patrick’s. “Gull,” a dupe, or a fool, is often used by our old dramatists, and is generally believed to have given rise to the verb; but a curious little edition of Bamfylde Moore Carew, published in 1827, says that “to gull,” or “gully,” is derived from the well-known Gulliver, the hero of the famous Travels. It may be from the phrase, “You can’t come Gulliver over me,” in use while the popularity of the book was hot. How crammed with Slang are the dramatic works of the last century! The writers of the comedies and farces in those days must have lived in the streets, and written their plays in the public-houses, so filled are they with vulgarisms and unauthorized words. The popular phrases, “I owe you one,” “That’s one for his nob,” and “Keep moving, dad,” arose in this way.[35] The second of these sayings was, doubtless, taken from the card-table, for at cribbage the player who holds the knave of the suit turned up counts “one for his nob,” and the dealer who turns up a knave counts “two for his heels.” From a dramatic point of view, the use of these phrases is perfectly correct, as they were in constant use among the people supposed to be represented by the author’s characters.
[38]
In Mrs. Centlivre’s admirable comedy of A Bold Stroke for a Wife, we see the origin of that popular phrase, the real Simon Pure. Simon Pure is the Quaker name adopted by Colonel Feignwell as a trick to obtain the hand of Mistress Anne Lovely in marriage. The veritable Quaker, the “real Simon Pure,” recommended by Aminadab Holdfast, of Bristol, as a fit sojourner with Obadiah Prim, arrives at last, to the discomfiture of the Colonel, who, to maintain his position and gain time, concocts a letter in which the real Quaker is spoken of as a housebreaker who had travelled in the “leather conveniency” from Bristol, and adopted the garb and name of the western Quaker in order to pass off as the “Real Simon Pure,” but only for the purpose of robbing the house and cutting the throat of the perplexed Obadiah. The scene in which the two Simon Pures, the real and the counterfeit, meet, is one of the best in the comedy.
Tom Brown, of “facetious memory,” as his friends were wont to say, and Ned Ward, who wrote humorous books, and when tired drew beer for his customers at his alehouse in Long Acre,[36] were both great producers of Slang in the last century, and to them we owe many popular current phrases and household words.
Written Slang was checked, rather than advanced, by the pens of Addison, Johnson, and Goldsmith; although Bee, the bottle-holder and historiographer of the pugilistic band of brothers in the youthful days of flat-nosed Tom Cribb, has gravely stated that Johnson, when young and rakish, contributed to an early volume of the Gentleman’s Magazine a few pages, by way of specimen, of a slang dictionary, the result, Mr. Bee says, “of his midnight ramblings!”[37] This statement is not only improbable, but an investigation of the venerable magazine, though strict and searching, produces no evidence in corroboration[39] of Mr. Bee. Goldsmith, even, certainly coined a few words as occasion required, although as a rule his pen was pure and graceful, and adverse to neologisms. The word “fudge,” it has been stated, was first used by him in literary composition, although it probably originated with one Captain Fudge, a notorious fibber, nearly a century before. Street phrases, nicknames, and vulgar words were continually being added to the great stock of popular Slang up to the commencement of the present century, when it received numerous additions from pugilism, horse-racing, and “fast” life generally, which suddenly came into great public favour, and was at its height in the latter part of the reign of George III., and in the early days of the Regency. Slang in those days was generally termed “flash” language. It will thus be noted that the term “flash” has in turn represented both Cant and Slang; now the word Slang has become perfectly generic. So popular was “flash” with the “bloods” of high life, that it constituted the best paying literary capital for certain authors and dramatists. Pierce Egan issued Boxiana, and Life in London, six portly octavo volumes, crammed with Slang; and Moncrieff wrote the most popular farce of the day, Tom and Jerry (adapted from the latter work), which, to use newspaper Slang, “took the town by storm,” and, with its then fashionable vulgarisms, made the fortune of the old Adelphi Theatre, and was without exception the most wonderful instance of a continuous theatrical run in ancient or modern times. This also was brimful of Slang. Other authors helped to popularize and extend Slang down to our own time, and it has now taken a somewhat different turn, dropping many of the Cant and old vulgar words, and assuming a certain quaint and fashionable phraseology—familiar, utilitarian, and jovial. There can be no doubt that common speech is greatly influenced by fashion, fresh manners, and that general change of ideas which steals over a people once in a generation. But before proceeding further into the region of Slang, it will be well to say something on the etymology of the word.
[40]
The word Slang is only mentioned by two lexicographers—Webster and Ogilvie.[38] Johnson, Walker, and the older compilers of dictionaries give “slang” as the preterite of “sling,” but not a word about Slang in the sense of low, vulgar, or unrecognised language. The origin of the word has often been asked for in literary journals and books, but only one man, until recently, ever hazarded an etymology—Jonathan Bee.[39] With a recklessness peculiar to ignorance, Bee stated that Slang was derived from “the slangs or fetters worn by prisoners, having acquired that name from the manner in which they were worn, as they required a sling of string to keep them off the ground.” Bee had just been nettled at Pierce Egan’s producing a new edition of Grose’s Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue, and was determined to excel in a vulgar dictionary of his own, which should be more racy, more pugilistic, and more original. How far he succeeded in this latter particular, his ridiculous etymology of Slang will show. Slang is not an English word; it is the Gipsy term for their secret language, and its synonym is Gibberish—another word which was believed to have had no distinct origin.[40] Grose—stout and burly Captain Grose—whom we may characterize as the greatest antiquary, joker, and porter-drinker of his day, was the first lexicographer to recognise the word “Slang.” It occurs in his Classical Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue, of 1785, with the statement that it implies “Cant or vulgar language.” Grose was a great favourite with Burns, and so pleased him by his extensive powers of story-telling and grog-imbibing, that the companionable and humour-loving[41] Scotch bard wrote for his fat friend—or, to use his own words, “the fine, fat, fodgel wight”—the immortal poem of Tam O’ Shanter.
It is not worth while troubling the reader with a long account of the transformation into an English term of the word Slang, as it is easily seen how we obtained it. Hucksters and beggars on tramp, or at fairs and races, associate and frequently join in any rough enterprise with the Gipsies. The word would be continually heard by them, and would in this manner soon become part of their vocabulary,[41] and, when carried by “fast” or vulgar fashionables from the society of thieves and low characters to their own drawing-rooms, would as quickly become Slang, and the representative term for all vulgar language. Modern philologists give the word Slang as derived from the French langue. This is, at all events, as likely as any other derivative.
Any sudden excitement or peculiar circumstance is quite sufficient to originate and set going a score of Slang words. Nearly every election or public agitation throws out offshoots of excitement, or scintillations of humour in the shape of Slang terms—vulgar at first, but at length adopted, if possessing sufficient hold on the public mind, as semi-respectable from sheer force of habit. There is scarcely a condition or calling in life that does not possess its own peculiar Slang. The professions, legal and medical, have each familiar and unauthorized terms for peculiar circumstances and things, and it is quite certain that the clerical calling, or “the cloth”—in itself a Slang term given at a time when the laity were more distinguished by their gay dress from the clergy than they are now—is not entirely free from this peculiarity. Every workshop, warehouse, factory, and mill throughout the country has its Slang, and so have the public schools and the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge. Sea[42] Slang constitutes the principal charm of a sailor’s “yarn;” and our soldiers have in turn their peculiar nicknames and terms for things and subjects, proper and improper. A writer in Household Words (No. 183) has gone so far as to remark, that a person “shall not read one single parliamentary debate, as reported in a first-class newspaper, without meeting scores of Slang words,” and “that from Mr. Speaker in his chair, to the Cabinet Ministers whispering behind it—from mover to seconder, from true blue Protectionist to extremest Radical—Mr. Barry’s New House echoes and re-echoes with Slang.” This statement is most worthy of notice, as showing how, with a very small sub-stratum of fact, a plausible, though not the less gigantic, mis-statement may be built up.
The universality of Slang is extraordinary. Let any person for a short time narrowly examine the conversation of his dearest and nearest friends, or even analyse his own supposed correct talk, and he shall be amazed at the numerous unauthorized, and what we can only call vulgar, words in constant use. One peculiarity of the growth of Slang is the finding of new meanings for old words. Take, for instance, the verbs “do,” “cut,” “go,” and “take,” and see how they are used to express fresh ideas, and then let us ask ourselves how is it possible for a Frenchman or German, be he never so well educated, to avoid continually blundering and floundering amongst our little words when trying to make himself understood in an ordinary conversation? He may have studied our language the required time, and have gone through the usual amount of “grinding,” and practised the common allotment of patience, but all to no purpose as far as accuracy is concerned. As, however, we do not make our language, nor for the matter of that our Slang, for the convenience or inconvenience of foreigners, we need not pursue this portion of the subject further. “Jabber” and “hoax” were Slang and Cant terms in Swift’s time; so, indeed, were “mob” and “sham.”[42] Words directly from the Latin and[43] Greek, framed in accordance with the rules which govern the construction of the language, are not Slang, but are good English, if not Saxon,—a term, by the way, which is as much misused as any unfortunate word that can be remembered just now. Sound contributes many Slang words—a source that etymologists frequently overlook. Nothing pleases an ignorant person so much as a high-sounding term, “full of fury.” How melodious and drum-like are those vulgar coruscations “rumbumptious,” “slantingdicular,” “splendiferous,” “rumbustious,” and “ferricadouzer.” What a “pull” the sharp-nosed lodging-house-keeper thinks she has over her victims if she can but hurl such testimonies of a liberal education at them when they are disputing her charges, and threatening to “absquatulate!” In the United States the vulgar-genteel even excel the poor “stuck-up” Cockneys in their formation of a native fashionable language. How charming to a refined ear are “abskize,” “catawampously,” “exflunctify,” “obscute,” “keslosh,” “kesouse,” “keswollop,” and “kewhollux!”[43] It must not be forgotten, however, that a great many new “Americanisms” are perfectly unknown in America, and in this respect they resemble the manners and customs of our cousins as found in books, and in books only. Vulgar words representing action and brisk movement often owe their origin to sound, as has before been remarked. Mispronunciation, too, is another great source of vulgar or Slang words, and of this “ramshackle,” “shackly,” “nary-one” for neither or neither one, “ottomy” or “atomy” for anatomy, “rench” for rinse, are specimens. The commonalty dislike frequently-occurring words difficult of pronunciation, and so we have the street abridgments of “bimeby” for by-and-by, “caze” for because,[44] “gin” for given, “hankercher” for handkerchief, “ruma tiz” for rheumatism, “backer” for tobacco, and many others, not perhaps Slang, but certainly, all vulgarisms. Whately, in his Remains of Bishop Copleston, has inserted a leaf from the bishop’s note-book on the popular corruption of names, mentioning, among others, “kickshaws,” as from the French quelques choses; “beefeater,” the grotesque guardian of royalty in a procession, and the envied devourer of enormous beefsteaks, as but a vulgar pronunciation of the French buffetier, and “George and Cannon,” the sign of a public-house, as nothing but a corruption (although so soon!) of the popular premier of the last generation, George Canning.[44] Literature has its Slang terms; and the desire on the part of writers to say funny and startling things in a novel and curious way contributes many unauthorized words to the great stock of Slang.
“Arranged!” Is that cold-blooded Smithfield or Mark Lane term for a sale or a purchase the proper word to express the hopeful, joyous, golden union of young and trustful hearts? Possibly, though, the word is often used with a due regard to facts, for marriages, especially amongst our upper classes, are not always “made in heaven.” Which is the proper way to pronounce the names of great people, and what the correct authority? Lord Cowper, we are often assured, is Lord Cooper—on this principle Lord Cowley would certainly be Lord Cooley—and Mr. Carew, we are told, should be Mr. Carey, Ponsonby should be Punsunby, Eyre should be Aire, Cholmondeley should be Chumley, St. John Sinjen, Beauchamp should be Beachem, Majoribanks Marshbanks, and Powell should always be Poel. The pronunciation of proper names has long been an anomaly in the conversation of the upper classes of this country. Hodge and Podge, the clodhoppers of Shakspeare’s time, talked in their mug-houses of the great Lords Darbie, Barkelie, and Bartie. In Pall Mall and May Fair these personages are spoken of in exactly the same manner at the present day, whilst in the City, and amongst the middle classes, we only hear of Derby, Berkeley, &c.,—the correct pronunciations, if the spelling is worth aught. It must not be forgotten, however, that the pronunciation of the upper classes, as regards the names of places just mentioned, is a relic of old times when the orthography was different. The[47] middle-class man is satisfied to take matters the modern way, but even he, when he wishes to be thought a swell, alters his style. In fact, the old rule as to proper names being pronounced according to individual taste, is, and ever will be, of absolute necessity, not only as regards the upper and middle, but the lower classes. A costermonger is ignorant of such a place as Birmingham, but understands you in a moment if you talk of Brummagem. Why do not Pall Mall exquisites join with the costermongers in this pronunciation? It is the ancient one.[46]
Parliamentary Slang, excepting a few peculiar terms connected with “the House” (scarcely Slang), is mainly composed of fashionable, literary, and learned Slang. When members get excited, and wish to be forcible, they are now and again, but not very often, found guilty of vulgarisms, and then may be not particular which of the street terms they select, providing it carries, as good old Dr. South said, plenty of “wildfire” in it. Lord Cairns when Sir Hugh, and a member of the Lower House, spoke of “that homely but expressive phrase, ‘dodge.’” Out of “the House,” several Slang terms are used in connexion with Parliament or members of Parliament. If Lord Palmerston was familiar by name to the tribes of the Caucasus and Asia Minor as a great foreign diplomatist, when the name of our Queen was unknown to the inhabitants of those parts—as was once stated in the Times—it is worthy of remark that, amongst the costers and the wild inhabitants of the streets, he was at that time better known as “Pam.” The cabmen on the “ranks” in Piccadilly have been often heard to call each[48] other’s attention to the great leader of the Opposition in the following expressive manner—“Hollo, there! de yer see old ‘Dizzy’ doing a stump?” A “plumper” is a single vote at an election—not a “split-ticket;” and electors who had occupied a house, no matter how small, and boiled a pot in it, thus qualifying themselves for voting, used in the good old days to be termed “potwallopers.” A quiet “walk over” is a re-election without opposition and much cost; and is obtained from the sporting vocabulary, in which the term is not Slang. A “caucus” meeting refers to the private assembling of politicians before an election, when candidates are chosen, and measures of action agreed upon. The term comes from America, where caucus means a meeting simply. A “job,” in political phraseology, is a Government office or contract obtained by secret influence or favouritism; and is not a whit more objectionable in sound than is the nefarious proceeding offensive to the sense of those who pay but do not participate. The Times once spoke of “the patriotic member of Parliament ‘potted out’ in a dusty little lodging somewhere about Bury Street.” But then the Times was not always the mildly respectable high-class paper it now is, as a reference to the columns devoted by it to Macaulay’s official career will alone determine. These, which appeared during the present reign, would be far below the lowest journalistic taste nowadays; yet they are in keeping with the rest of the political references made at that time by the now austere and high-principled “leading journal.” The term “quockerwodger,” although referring to a wooden toy figure which jerks its limbs about when pulled by a string, has been supplemented with a political meaning. A pseudo-politician, whose strings of action are pulled by somebody else, is often termed a “quockerwodger.” From an early period politics and partyism have attracted unto themselves quaint Slang terms. Horace Walpole quotes a party nickname of February, 1742, as a Slang word of the day:—“The Tories declare against any further prosecution, if Tories there are, for now one[49] hears of nothing but the ‘broad-bottom;’ it is the reigning Cant word, and means the taking all parties and people, indifferently, into the Ministry.” Thus “broad-bottom” in those days was Slang for “coalition.” The term “rat,” too, in allusion to rats deserting vessels about to sink, has long been employed towards those turncoat politicians who change their party for interest. Who that occasionally passes near the Houses of Parliament has not often noticed stout or careful M.P.’s walk briskly through the Hall, and on the kerb-stone in front, with umbrella or walking-cane uplifted, shout to the cabmen on the rank, “Four-wheeler!” The term is both useful and expressive; but it is none the less Slang, though of a better kind than “growler,” used to denominate the same kind of vehicle, or “shoful,” the street term for a hansom cab.
Military Slang is on a par, and of a character, with dandy Slang. Inconvenient friends, or elderly and lecturing relatives, are pronounced “dreadful bores.” This affectionate term, like most other Slang phrases which have their rise in a certain section of society, has spread and become of general application. Four-wheeled cabs are called “bounders;” and a member of the Four-in-hand Club, driving to Epsom on the Derby Day, would, using fashionable phraseology, speak of it as “tooling his drag down to the Derby.” A vehicle, if not a “drag” (or dwag), is a “trap,” or a “cask;” and if the “turn-out” happens to be in other than a trim condition, it is pronounced at once as not “down the road,” unless the critic should prefer to characterize the equipage as “dickey.” Your City swell would say it is not “up to the mark;” whilst the costermonger would call it a “wery snide affair.” In the army a barrack or military station is known as a “lobster-box;” to “cram” for an examination is to “mug-up” (this same term is much in vogue among actors, who regard mugging-up as one of the fine arts of the profession); to reject from the examination is to “spin;” and that part of the barrack occupied by subalterns is frequently spoken of as the “rookery.” In dandy[50] or swell Slang, any celebrity, from the Poet-Laureate to the Pope of Rome, is a “swell,”—“the old swell” now occupies the place once held by the “guv’nor.” Wrinkled-faced old professors, who hold dress and fashionable tailors in abhorrence, are called “awful swells,”—if they happen to be very learned or clever. In this upper-class Slang, a title is termed a “handle;” trousers, “inexpressibles,” and bags, or “howling bags,” when of a large pattern;—a superior appearance, or anything above the common cut, is styled “extensive;” a four-wheeled cab is called a “birdcage;” a dance, a “hop;” dining at another man’s table, “sitting under his mahogany;” anything flashy or showy, “loud;” the peculiar make or cut of a coat, its “build;” full dress, “full fig;” wearing clothes which represent the very extreme of fashion, “dressing to death;” a dinner or supper party, a “spread;” a friend (or a “good fellow”), a “trump;” a difficulty, a “screw loose;” and everything that is unpleasant, “from bad sherry to a writ from a tailor,” “jeuced infernal.” The phrase, “to send a man to Coventry,” or permit no person “in the set” to speak to him, although an ancient saying, must still be considered Slang.
The Universities of Oxford and Cambridge, and the great public schools, are the hotbeds of fashionable Slang. Growing boys and high-spirited young fellows detest restraint of all kinds, and prefer making a dash at life in a Slang phraseology of their own to all the set forms and syntactical rules of Alma Mater. Many of the most expressive words in a common chit-chat, or free-and-easy conversation, are old university vulgarisms. “Cut,” in the sense of dropping an acquaintance, was originally a Cambridge form of speech; and “hoax,” to deceive or ridicule, we are informed by Grose, was many years since an Oxford term. Among the words that fast society has borrowed from our great scholastic—not establishments (they are sacred to linendrapery and “gentlemanly assistants”)—institutions, is found “crib,” a house or apartments; “dead men,” empty wine[51] bottles; “drawing teeth,”[47] wrenching off knockers,—an obsolete amusement; “fizzing,” first-rate, or splendid; “governor,” or “relieving-officer,” the general term for a male parent; “plucked,” defeated or turned back, now altered to “plough;” “quiz,” to scrutinize, or a prying old fellow; and “row,” a noisy disturbance. The Slang words in use at Oxford and Cambridge would alone fill a volume. As examples let us take “scout,” which at Oxford refers to an undergraduate’s valet, whilst the same menial at Cambridge is termed a “gyp,”—popularly derived by the Cantabs from the Greek, γὺψ, a vulture; “skull,” the head, or master, of a college; “battles,” the Oxford term for rations, changed at Cambridge into “commons.” The term “dickey,” a half-shirt, it is said, originated with the students of Trinity College, Dublin, who at first styled it a “tommy,” from the Greek τομὴ, a section,—the change from “tommy” to “dickey” requires no explanation. “Crib,” a literal translation, is now universal; “grind” refers to “working up” for an examination, also to a walk or “constitutional;” “Hivite” is a student of St. Begh’s (St. Bee’s) College, Cumberland; to “japan,” in this Slang speech, is to ordain; “mortar board” is a square college cap; “sim,” a student of a Methodistical turn—in allusion to the Rev. Charles Simeon; “sloggers,” at Cambridge, refers to the second division of race-boats, known at Oxford as “torpids;” “sport” is to show or exhibit; “trotter” is the jocose term for a tailor’s man who goes round for orders; and “tufts” are privileged students who dine with the “dons,” and are distinguished by golden tufts, or tassels, in their caps. Hence we get the world-wide Slang term “tuft-hunter,” one whose pride it is to be acquainted with scions of the nobility—a sycophantic race unfortunately not confined to any particular place or climate, nor peculiar to any age or either sex. There[52] are many terms in use at Oxford not known at Cambridge; and such Slang names as “coach,” “gulf,” “harry-soph,” “poker,” or “post-mortem,” common enough at Cambridge, are seldom or never heard at the great sister University. For numerous other examples of college Slang the reader is referred to the Dictionary.
Religious Slang, strange as the compound may appear, exists with other descriptions of vulgar speech at the present day. Punch, in one of those half-humorous, half-serious articles, once so characteristic of the wits engaged on that paper, who were, as a rule, fond of lecturing any national abuse or popular folly, remarked—“Slang has long since penetrated into the Forum, and now we meet it in the Senate, and even the pulpit itself is no longer free from its intrusion.” There is no wish here, for one moment, to infer that the practice is general. On the contrary, and in justice to the clergy, it must be said that the principal disseminators of pure English throughout the country are the ministers of our Established Church. Yet it cannot be denied that a great deal of Slang phraseology and expressive vulgarism have gradually crept into the very pulpits which should give forth as pure speech as doctrine. This is an error which, however, has only to be noticed, to be cured.
Dean Conybeare, in his able “Essay on Church Parties,”[48] has noticed this addition of Slang to our pulpit speech. As stated in his Essay, the practice appears to confine itself mainly to the exaggerated forms of the High and Low Church—the Tractarians and the “Recordites.”[49] By way of illustration, the Dean cites the evening parties, or social meetings, common amongst the wealthier lay members of the Recordite churches, where the principal topics discussed—one or more favourite clergymen being present in a quasi-official manner—are “the[53] merits and demerits of different preachers, the approaching restoration of the Jews, the date of the Millennium, the progress of the ‘Tractarian heresy,’ and the anticipated ‘perversion’ of High Church neighbours.” These subjects are canvassed in a dialect differing considerably from English, as the word is generally understood. The terms “faithful,” “tainted,” “acceptable,” “decided,” “legal,” and many others, are used in a sense different from that given to any of them by the lexicographers. We hear that Mr. A. has been more “owned” than Mr. B.; and that Mr. C. has more “seals”[50] than Mr. D. Again, the word “gracious” is invested with a meaning as extensive as that attached by young ladies to nice. Thus, we hear of a “gracious sermon,” a “gracious meeting,” a “gracious child,” and even a “gracious whipping.” The word “dark” has also a new and peculiar usage. It is applied to every person, book, or place not impregnated with Recordite principles. A ludicrous misunderstanding resulting from this phraseology is on record (this is not a joke). “What did you mean,” said A. to B., “by telling me that —— was such a very ‘dark’ village? I rode over there to-day, and found the street particularly broad and cheerful, and there is not a tree in the place.” “The gospel is not preached there,” was B’s. laconic reply. The conclusion of one of these singular evening parties is generally marked by an “exposition”—an unseasonable sermon of nearly one hour’s duration, circumscribed by no text, and delivered from the table by one of the clerical visitors with a view to “improve the occasion.” This same term, “improve the occasion,” is of Slang slangy, and is so mouthed by Stigginses and Chadbands, and their followers, that it has become peculiarly objectionable to persons of broad views. In the Essay to which reference has been made, the religious Slang terms for the two great divisions of the Established Church receive some explanation.[54] The old-fashioned High Church party—rich and “stagnant,” noted for its “sluggish mediocrity, hatred of zeal, dread of innovation, abuse of Dissent, blundering and languid utterance”—is called the “high and dry;” whilst the opposing division, known as the Low Church—equally stagnant with the former, but poorer, and more lazily inclined (from absence of education) towards Dissent—receives the nickname of the “low and slow.” These terms are among persons learned in the distinctions shortened, in ordinary conversation, to the “dry” and the “slow.” The Broad Church, or moderate division, is often spoken of as the “broad and shallow.”
What can be more objectionable than the irreverent and offensive manner in which many Dissenting ministers continually pronounce the names of the Deity—God and Lord? God, instead of pronouncing in the plain and beautiful simple old English way, “G‑o‑d,” they drawl out into “Gorde” or “Gaude;” and Lord, instead of speaking in the proper way, they desecrate into “Loard” or “Loerd,”—lingering on the u, or the r, as the case may be, until an honest hearer feels disgusted, and almost inclined to run the gauntlet of beadles and deacons, and pull the vulgar preacher from his pulpit. This is, though a Christian impulse, hardly in accordance with our modern times and tolerant habits. Many young preachers strive hard to acquire this peculiar pronunciation, in imitation of the older ministers. What, then, can more properly be called Slang, or, indeed, the most objectionable of Slang, than this studious endeavour to pronounce the most sacred names in a uniformly vulgar and unbecoming manner? If the old-fashioned preacher whistled Cant through his nose, the modern vulgar reverend whines Slang from the more natural organ. These vagaries of speech will, perhaps, by an apologist, be termed “pulpit peculiarities,” and the writer may be impugned for having dared to intermeddle with a subject that is or should be removed from his criticisms. Honesty of purpose and evident truthfulness of remark will, however, overcome the[55] most virulent opposition. The terms used by the mob towards the Church, however illiberal and satirically vulgar, are fairly within the province of an inquiry such as the present. A clergyman, in vulgar language, is spoken of as a “choker,” a “cushion-thumper,” a “dominie,” an “earwig,” a “gospel-grinder,” a “grey-coat parson;” a “spouter,” a “white-choker,” or a “warming-pan rector,” if he only holds the living pro tempore. If he is a lessee of the great tithes, “one in ten;” or if spoken of by an Anglo-Indian, a “rook.” If a Tractarian, his outer garment is rudely spoken of as a “pygostole,” or “M. B. (mark of the beast) coat.” His profession is termed “the cloth” (this item of Slang has been already referred to), and his practice is called “tub-thumping.” This latter term has of late years been almost peculiarly confined to itinerant preachers. Should he belong to the Dissenting body, he is probably styled a “pantiler,” or a “psalm smiter,” or perhaps, a “ swaddler.”[51] His chapel, too, is spoken of as a “schism shop.” A Roman Catholic is coarsely named a “brisket-beater.”
Particular as lawyers generally are about the meanings of words, they have not prevented an unauthorized phraseology from arising, which may be termed legal Slang. So forcibly did this truth impress a late writer, that he wrote in a popular journal, “You may hear Slang every day in term from barristers in their robes, at every mess-table, at every bar-mess, at every college commons, and in every club dining-room.” Swift, in his Art of Polite Conversation (p. 15), published a century and a half ago, states that “vardi” was the Slang in his time for[56] “verdict.” A few of the most common and well-known terms used out of doors, with reference to legal matters, are “cook,” to hash or make up a balance-sheet; “dipped,” mortgaged; “dun” (from a famous writ or process-server named Dunn), to solicit payment; “fullied,” to be “fully committed for trial;” “land shark,” a sailor’s definition of a lawyer; “limb of the law,” a milder term for the same “professional;” “monkey with a long tail,” a mortgage; “mouthpiece,” the thief’s term for his counsel; “to run through the ring,” to take advantage of the Insolvency Act; “smash,” to become bankrupt; “snipe,” an attorney with a long bill; and “whitewash,” to take the benefit of the Insolvent Act. Comparatively recent legislation has rendered many of these terms obsolete, and “in liquidation” is now the most ominous sound a creditor can hear. Lawyers, from their connexion with the police courts, and transactions with persons in every grade of society, have ample opportunities for acquiring street Slang, of which, in cross-questioning and wrangling, they frequently avail themselves.
It is singular that what Punch says unwittingly and in[58] humour respecting the Slang expression “bosh,” should be quite true. “Bosh,” remarks Punch, after speaking of it as belonging to the stock of words pilfered from the Turks, “is one whose innate force and beauty the slangographer is reluctantly compelled to admit. It is the only word which seems a proper appellation for a great deal which we are obliged to hear and to read every day of our life.” “Bosh,” nonsense or stupidity, is derived from the Gipsy and the Persian. The universality of Slang is proved by its continual use in the pages of Punch. Who ever thinks, unless belonging to a past generation, of asking a friend to explain the stray vulgar words employed by the London Charivari? Some of the jokes, though, might nowadays be accompanied by explanatory notes, in similar style to that adopted by youthful artists who write “a man,” “a horse,” &c., when rather uncertain as to whether or not their efforts will meet with due appreciation.
The Athenæum, the Saturday Review, and other kindred “weeklies,” often indulge in Slang words when force of expression or a little humour is desired, or when the various writers wish to say something which is better said in Slang, or so-called vulgar speech, than in the authorized language. Bartlett, the compiler of the Dictionary of Americanisms, continually cites the Athenæum as using Slang and vulgar expressions; but the magazine the American refers to is not the literary journal of the present day,—it was a smaller, and now defunct, “weekly.” The present possessor of the classic title is, though, by no means behindhand in its devotion to colloquialisms. Many other highly respectable journals often use Slang words and phrases. The Times (or, in Slang, the “Thunderer”) frequently employs unauthorized terms; and, following a “leader”[54] of the purest and most eloquent composition, may sometimes be seen another “article”[54] on a totally different subject, containing, perhaps, a[59] score or more of exceedingly questionable words. Among the words and phrases which may be included under the head of Literary Slang are, “balaam,” matter kept constantly in type about monstrous productions of nature, to fill up spaces in newspapers; “balaam-box,” the term given in Blackwood to the repository for rejected articles; and “slate,” to pelt with abuse, or “cut up” in a review. “He’s the fellow to slate a piece” is often said of dramatic critics, especially of those who through youth, inexperience, and the process of unnatural selection which causes them to be critics, imagine that to abuse all that is above their comprehension is to properly exercise the critical faculty. This is, however, dangerous ground. The Slang names given to newspapers are curious;—thus, the Morning Advertiser is known as the “Tap-tub,” the “’Tizer,” and was until recently the “Gin and Gospel Gazette.” The Morning Post has obtained the suggestive sobriquet of “Jeames;” whilst the Morning Herald was long caricatured as “Mrs. Harris,” and the Standard as “Mrs. Gamp.”[55]
The Stage, of course, has its Slang—“both before and behind the curtain,” as a journalist remarks. The stage-manager is familiarly termed “daddy;” and an actor by profession, or a “professional,” is called a “pro.” It is amusing at times to hear a young actor—who struts about padded with copies of all newspapers that have mentioned his name—talking, in a mixed company, of the stage as the profession. This is after all but natural, for to him “all the world’s a stage.” A man who is occasionally hired at a trifling remuneration to come upon the stage as one of a crowd, or when a number of actors are wanted to give effect, is named a “supe,”—an abbreviation of “supernumerary.” A “surf” is a third-rate actor, who frequently[60] pursues another calling; and the band, or orchestra between the pit and the stage, is generally spoken of as the “menagerie.” A “ben” is a benefit; and “sal” is the Slang abbreviation of “salary.” Should no money be forthcoming on the Saturday night, it is said that the “ghost doesn’t walk;” or else the statement goes abroad that there is “no treasury,” as though the coffers themselves had departed. The travelling or provincial theatricals, who perform in any large room that can be rented in a country village, are called “barn-stormers.” A “length” is forty-two lines of any dramatic composition; and a “run” is the continuous term of a piece’s performance. A “saddle” is the additional charge made by a manager to an actor or actress upon his or her benefit night. To “mug up” is to paint one’s face, or arrange the person, to represent a particular character; to “corpse,” or to “stick,” is to balk, or put the other actors out in their parts by forgetting yours. A performance is spoken of as either a “gooser” or a “screamer,” should it be a failure or a great success;—if the latter, it is not infrequently termed a “hit.” To “goose” a performance is to hiss it; and continued “goosing” generally ends, or did end before managers refused to accept the verdict of audiences, in the play or the players being “damned.” To “star it” is to perform as the centre of attraction, with your name in large type, and none but subordinates and indifferent actors in the same performance. The expressive term “clap-trap,” high-sounding nonsense, is nothing but an ancient theatrical term, and signified a “trap” to catch a “clap” by way of applause. “Up amongst the ‘gods,’” refers to being among the spectators in the gallery,—termed in French Slang “paradis.”
There exists, too, in the great territory of vulgar speech what may not inappropriately be termed Civic Slang. It consists of mercantile and Stock Exchange terms, and the Slang of good living and wealth. A turkey hung with sausages is facetiously styled an “alderman in chains,”—a term which has spread from the City and become general; and a half-crown, perhaps from[61] its rotundity, is often termed an “alderman.” A “bear” is a speculator on the Exchange; and a “bull,” although of an opposite order, follows a like profession. There is something very humorous and applicable in the Slang term “lame duck,” a defaulter in stock-jobbing speculations. The allusion to his “waddling out of the Alley,” as they say, is excellent. “Breaking shins,” in City Slang, is borrowing money; a rotten or unsound scheme is spoken of as “fishy;” “rigging the market” means playing tricks with it; and “stag” was a common term during the railway mania for a speculator without capital, a seller of “scrip” in “Diddlesex Junction” and other equally safe lines. At Tattersall’s a “monkey” is 500l., and in the City a “plum” is 100,000l., and a “marygold” is one million sterling. But before proceeding further in a sketch of the different kinds of Slang, it may be as well to speak here of the extraordinary number of Cant and Slang terms in use to represent money—from farthings to bank-notes the value of fortunes. Her Majesty’s coin, collectively or in the piece, is known by more than one hundred and thirty distinct Slang words, from the humble “brown” (a halfpenny) to “flimsies,” or “long-tailed ones” (bank-notes).
“Money,” it has been well remarked, “the bare, simple word itself, has a sonorous, significant ring in its sound,” and might have sufficed, one would have imagined, for all ordinary purposes, excepting, of course, those demanded | ||||||
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] | 1998-03-29T00:00:00 | It's a trek from Hill Street to Thompson Boulevard--11 years, to be exact. | en | /apple-touch-icon.png | Los Angeles Times | https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-mar-29-me-34078-story.html | It’s a trek from Hill Street to Thompson Boulevard--11 years, to be exact.
But life is loaded with blind alleys and sudden curves, which explains why the arrogant, self-serving gasbag of a police chief from “Hill Street Blues” is pulling a desk shift at a community storefront in midtown Ventura.
A woman strides in with questions about a trash-strewn lot.
“Can’t you get it cleaned up?” she asks. “Can’t you send in the Boy Scouts? How about some delinquents?”
Jon Cypher--the actor who portrayed Chief Fletcher P. Daniels in all of his oleaginous glory--assures her the situation will reach the ears of the authorities. As Jon Cypher, he is neither arrogant nor self-serving--just a cordial retiree wondering what to do for this distressed citizen. Marilyn Borgaro, his fellow volunteer at the Midtown Ventura Community Resource Center, takes down the details.
That was the extent of the serious business in Cypher’s first three-hour shift. The storefront is just getting off the ground, and many people in the neighborhood don’t know about it yet. Ultimately, it will be a place where kids come for after-school tutoring and neighbors come to complain about a junked car on their street. Equipped with a table and a phone in the back room, police officers will drop in for a cup of coffee and an earful from midtown residents.
But for now the storefront in the half-empty strip mall on Thompson is a place where volunteers wait for business and schmooze, a forgotten function in many neighborhoods.
At 66, Cypher is trim and vaguely distinguished even in his jeans and plaid shirt. He didn’t set out to Do Good; he heard about this place from a man he met while walking his dog. The idea of giving something back to the community appealed to him.
“I never really involved myself much with community stuff,” he says. “In acting, everything is so en passant. You get to know people and then suddenly they’re gone.”
The talk wanders: Farmland being gobbled up. The neighborhood coming together. The weather, El Nino, the floods. The homeless lady shambling down the street. The Arkansas schoolyard massacre. What’s wrong with these teenagers today? the little group wonders. Is it guns? Is it single-parent families? “It’s the psychologists,” someone offers. Then again, maybe it’s TV.
Cypher jumps in with gusto. He doesn’t care much for TV. The cheap sex demeans us, and the violence endangers us. But “Hill Street”--with its tough talk and its raw moments and its groundbreaking realism--now there was a show.
“It was Shakespeare!” Cypher exults. “Every week I’d finish reading the script and say, ‘They’ve done it again!’ ”
Cypher’s character, a politically savvy headline-grabber, bore an uncanny resemblance to Daryl Gates, the Los Angeles police chief at the time. But most of his roles have been modeled on more generic authority figures.
He played the surgeon, the general, the attorney and other such parts in a long list of TV, film and stage productions. He was in the soap “Santa Barbara,” the sitcom “Major Dad,” an ill-fated series called “Open House,” a miniseries called “Elvis and Me,” episodes of “Murder, She Wrote,” TV movies not long remembered.
But such parts did not feed the inner man.
“The tongue rebels! The soul cringes!” cries Cypher, who is given to the broad gestures of a seasoned showman. “The human being was never meant to say such lines.”
Besides, he was reaching an age when “the only parts I was offered were senators and judges.” Los Angeles was becoming increasingly unlivable, the entertainment industry increasingly venal, so . . .
Cut to Ventura. Cypher and his wife, Carol Rosin, a crusader against the development of space weapons, settled into a hillside home here four years ago.
“We came down the Conejo Grade,” he recounts. “The air grew cooler, the sky grew clearer, and we drove straight to the ocean. That was it. This is paradise.”
Since then, he has done the occasional role. He has taken up his wife’s cause--”You really think Star Wars is over?” he asks--and he dabbles in writing. He has just finished a book tentatively titled “If You Aren’t Depressed, You Ought to Be in Therapy.” It’s centered on 100 limericks related to war and peace, love and death.
Asked to recite, he rises from his chair at the storefront:
“Sipping Chablis while Vesuvius
Blew its top was hardly the grooviest.
In the next war, Pompeii
Will be child’s play,
And remains from the Louvre? Dubious.”
Everyone likes it. Cypher beams. He has never before recited it in public--if a couple of volunteers on a slow day at a neighborhood storefront count as public.
It doesn’t seem the right moment to offer a pithier rendition, a la “Hill Street”:
Let’s be careful out there, people. | ||
10432 | yago | 3 | 72 | http://mikegrost.com/c70.htm | en | Credits of Best TV Shows | [] | [] | [] | [
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"Mike Grost"
] | null | null | Best TV Shows, before 1980: Drama Anthologies | Drama Series | Made for TV Movies | Mini-Series | Super-Heroes | Science Fiction | The Twilight Zone | The Outer Limits | Nanny and the Professor | Fantasy | Comedy | Gomer Pyle | Adventure | Detective Tales and Thrillers | Suspense | Highway Patrol | Naked City | The Detectives | Everglades! | Burke's Law | Adam-12 | Starsky & Hutch | Amateur Sleuths | Ellery Queen | Hardy Boys/Nancy Drew | Private Eyes | Peter Gunn | Warner Brothers Private Eyes | Johnny Staccato | Honey West | Mannix | Cannon | U.N.C.L.E. | Spies | Lawyers | Perry Mason | Alfred Hitchcock | Danger Man / Secret Agent | Mystery: British Isles
Best Western TV Shows, before 1980: Overview | Westerns: Black & White | Gunsmoke | Wyatt Earp | Have Gun - Will Travel | Rawhide | Jim Bowie | Bat Masterson | Wagon Train | Cheyenne | Maverick | Lawman | The Rifleman | The Virginian | The Big Valley | Bonanza | Laredo | The Wild Wild West | Alias Smith and Jones | Westerns: Color
Best TV Crime Shows, 1980-1993: Mystery: Agatha Christie | Mystery: New Zealand and Australia | Mystery: Canada | Detective Tales and Thrillers | Police | Private Eyes: Historical | Lawyers | Spies | Stephen J. Cannell: Thrillers | Simon & Simon | Remington Steele | Murder, She Wrote | Father Dowling | Miami Vice | Wiseguy | MacGyver | The Dirty Dozen | Gangsters | Adventure
Best TV Shows, 1980-1993: Made for TV Movies | Pilots | Anthology Series | Dramas | Musicals | Comedy | The Flash (1990) | Super-Heroes | Science Fiction | Super Vehicles | Fantasy | Wildside | The Young Riders | Westerns
Best TV Shows, 1994-present: Science Fiction | Flash and the Arrowverse | Super-Heroes | Comedy
Best TV Crime Shows, 1994-present: Mystery | Michigan Cops: Detroit 1-8-7, Battle Creek | NCIS | Diagnosis Murder | Monk | Psych | The Mentalist | Castle | Hallmark Mystery | Murdoch Mysteries | Frankie Drake Mysteries | Mystery: Canada | Death in Paradise | Endeavour | Father Brown | Mystery: British Isles | Mystery: New Zealand and Australia | White Collar | Pacific Blue | Hawaii Five-0 | Burn Notice | Adventure
Classic Film and Television Home Page (with many articles on directors)
This lists my favorite TV episodes. These are recommended viewing.
It is NOT a complete list of episodes for these programs.
ABBREVIATIONS
W: Written by: both story and script
St: Story
Scr: Script. The writer did the script, but not necessarily the story of the show.
D: Director
C: Costumes by. Usually this is for the whole series.
Ph: Photographed by
(120) The show is 120 minutes long - a double episode. Similarly, (30), (60), (90).
Please also see my lists:
The Best Movies of All Time My personal picks. A List of Outstanding American Films. Best Mystery Movies A list of true mystery films, in which mysteries are solved by detectives. Best Science Fiction, Fantasy and High Technology Films. Television Westerns: Articles on This Site
Please mail your comments to me at mike@mikegrost.com. You can also download a free E-book of my mystery stories in EPUB or Kindle format.
Drama Anthologies
STUDIO ONE
See my articles on Paul Nickell and Robert Mulligan.
6-29-49 JUNE MOON Scr: Gerald Goode D: Walter Hart based on play by Ring Lardner & George S. Kaufman
11-14-49 TWO SHARP KNIVES Scr: Carl Bixby D: Franklin J. Schaffner based the 1934 short story by Dashiell Hammett
8-17-53 SENTENCE OF DEATH Scr: Adrian Spies D; Matt Harlib based on the 1948 short story by Thomas Walsh
11-30-53 CONFESSIONS OF A NERVOUS MAN W: Georg Axelrod D: Paul Nickell
2-15-54 DARK POSSESSION W: Gore Vidal D: Franklin J. Schaffner
5-31-54 THE DEATH AND LIFE OF LARRY BENSON W: Reginald Rose D: Paul Nickell
9-20-54 TWELVE ANGRY MEN W: Reginald Rose D: Franklin J. Schaffner
11-8-54 AN ALMANAC OF LIBERTY W: Reginald Rose D: Paul Nickell
5- 2-55 SUMMER PAVILION W: Gore Vidal D: Paul Nickell
1- 2-56 DINO W: Reginald Rose D: Paul Nickell
2-25, 3-4-57 THE DEFENDER W: Reginald Rose D: Robert Mulligan
9- 9-57 THE NIGHT AMERICA TREMBLED W: Nelson Bond D: Tom Donovan
TV READER'S DIGEST
5-16-55 FRANCE'S GREATEST DETECTIVE Scr: Wells Root based on article by: Irving Wallace D: Peter Godfrey
SCREEN DIRECTORS PLAYHOUSE
10-12-55 DAY IS DONE W: William Tunberg D: Frank Borzage
12-7-55 ROOKIE OF THE YEAR St: W.R. Burnett Scr: Frank S. Nugent D: John Ford
12-21-55 THE SILENT PARTNER St: Barbara Hammer & George Marshall Scr: Barbara Hammer D: George Marshall
1-11-56 IT'S ALWAYS SUNDAY St: Jesse Goldstein & Frank Fox Scr: D.D. Beauchamp D: Allan Dwan
2-22-56 AFFAIR IN SUMATRA St: Hobart Donavan Scr: Michael Fessier D: Byron Haskin
9- 5-56 THE DAY I MET CARUSO Scr: Zoe Akins D: Frank Borzage Based on a short 1955 piece by: Elizabeth Bacon Rodewald
9-12-56 HIGH AIR St: Borden Chase Scr: A.I. Bezzerides D: Allan Dwan
THE 20TH CENTURY FOX HOUR
11-2-55 THE OX-BOW INCIDENT Scr: David Dortort D: Gerd Oswald based on the screenplay by: Lamar Trotti, novel by: Walter Van Tilburg Clark
THE ALCOA HOUR
2-19-56 TRAGEDY IN A TEMPORARY TOWN W: Reginald Rose D: Sidney Lumet
KRAFT TELEVISION THEATER
4-16-58 THREE PLAYS BY TENNESSEE WILLIAMS W: Tennessee Williams D: Sidney Lumet
CAVALCADE OF AMERICA
5-29-56 THE BOY NOBODY WANTED Scr: Laszlo Gorog D: Richard Kinon based on an article by: Winfred Van Atta & Gwendolen Sherman
SPECIALS
3-31-57 CINDERELLA W: Oscar Hammerstein D: Ralph Nelson
58 COOL AND LAM Scr: Edmund L. Hartmann D: Jacques Tourneur based on novel "Turn On the Heat" by Erle Stanley Gardner
THE BARBARA STANWYCK SHOW
11-14-60 THE MIRACULOUS JOURNEY OF TADPOLE CHAN W: Albert Beich D: Jacques Tourneur
1-30-61 DRAGON BY THE TAIL W: Albert Beich D: Jacques Tourneur
4-24-61 FRIGHTENED DOLL W: A.I. Bezzerides D: Jacques Tourneur
BOB HOPE PRESENTS THE CHRYSLER THEATRE
11-15-63 THE HOUSE NEXT DOOR (Hope, Crosby) W: Albert E. Lewin & Burt Styler D: Jack Arnold
11- 9-66 DEAR DEDUCTIBLE W: Raphael David Blau D: Jess Oppenheimer
2-1-67 THE LADY IS MY WIFE St: Jack Laird Scr: Halsted Welles D: Sam Peckinpah
UNITED NATIONS SPECIALS
12-28-64 CAROL FOR ANOTHER CHRISTMAS W: Rod Serling D: Joseph L. Mankiewicz
Drama Series
ROUTE 66
10-28-60 THE MAN ON THE MONKEY BOARD W: Sterling Silliphant D: Roger Kay
10-26-62 LIZARD'S LEG AND OWLET'S WING W: Sterling Silliphant D: Robert Gist
IT'S A MAN'S WORLD
12-3-62 CHICAGO GAINS A NUMBER W: Elliot L. Sims D: Lamont Johnson
EAST SIDE/WEST SIDE
12-23-63 CREEPS LIVE HERE W: Philip H. Reisman Jr. D: Walter Grauman
MR. NOVAK
10-8-63 I DON'T EVEN LIVE HERE W: Milt Rosen D: Abner Biberman
1- 5-65 FROM THE BROW OF ZEUS W: Mel Goldberg D: Ron Winston
PARIS 7000
3- 5-70 SHATTERED IDOL (William Shatner) W: Richard Caffey & John Wilder D: Jeannot Szwarc
MARCUS WELBY
11-16-71 SEPTEMBER SONG W: Jerome Ross D: Leo Penn
Made for TV Movies
MADE FOR TV MOVIES
9-23-69 THE IMMORTAL (90) Scr: Robert Specht D: Joseph Sargent based on the novel by James Gunn
11-18-69 RUN A CROOKED MILE (120) W: Trevor Wallace D: Gene Levitt
1- 9-70 SOLE SURVIVOR (90) W: Guerdon Trueblood D: Paul Stanley
3- 9-70 THE MASK OF SHEBA (120) W: Sam Rolfe D: David Lowell Rich
9-22-70 HOW AWFUL ABOUT ALLAN (90) Scr: Henry Farrell based on Farrell's novel D: Curtis Harrington
1-26-71 THE FEMINIST AND THE FUZZ (90) W: James Henerson D: Jerry Paris
3- 1-71 RANSOM FOR A DEAD MAN (120) Scr: Dean Hargrove D: Richard Irving St: Richard Link & William Levinson
2-28-71 INCIDENT IN SAN FRANCISCO (120) Scr: Robert Dozier D: Don Medford based on "Incident at 125th Street" By J E Brown Photography: William W. Spenser
4- 6-71 ESCAPE! (90) W: Paul Playdon D: John Llewellyn Moxey Art Director: Walter M. Jeffries
9-21-71 CONGRATULATONS, IT'S A BOY (90) W: Stanley Z. Cherry D: William A. Graham
10- 8-71 THE FACE OF FEAR (90) Scr: Edward Hume D: George McCowan based on "Sally" by E V Cunningham
11-26-71 A DEATH OF INNOCENCE (90) Scr: Joseph Stefano D: Paul Wendkos based on the novel by Zelda Popkin
11-30-71 BRIAN'S SONG (90) Scr: William Blinn D: Buzz Kulik based on "I am Third" by Gale Sayers
11- 6-71 REVENGE! (90) Scr: Joseph Stefano D: Jud Taylor based on a novel by Elizabeth Davis
12-17-71 DEAD MEN TELL NO TALES (90) Scr: Robert Dozier D: Walter Grauman based on "To Save His Life" by Kelly Roos
12-17-71 THEY CALL IT MURDER (120) Scr: Sam Rolfe D: Walter Grauman based on "The D.A. Draws a Circle" by Erle Stanley Gardner
1-22-72 THE PEOPLE (90) Scr: James M. Miller D: John Korty based on the stories by Zenda Henderson
2-15-72 CALL HER MOM (90) W: Ken Solm & Gail Parent D: Jerry Paris
2-20-72 THE ADVENTURES OF NICK CARTER (90) W: Ken Pettus D: Paul Krasny
3- 3-72 HEAT OF ANGER (90) W: Fay Kanin D: Don Taylor
9-27-72 SAY GOODBYE, MAGGIE COLE (90) W: Sandor Stern D: Jud Taylor
10-17-72 GOODNIGHT, MY LOVE (90) W & D: Peter Hyams
11- 6-72 MAGIC CARPET (120) W: Ranald McDougal D: William Graham
11-28-72 HOME FOR THE HOLIDAYS (90) W: Joseph Stefano D: John Llewellyn Moxey
11-29-72 THE HEIST (90) W: Lionel E. Siegel D: Don McDougall
12-19-72 YOUR MONEY OR YOUR WIFE (90) Scr: J. P. Miller D: Allen Reisner based on the book by John Craig
1-30-73 BIRDS OF PREY (90) St: Rubert Hitzig & Robert Boris Scr: Boris D: William A. Graham
2-14-73 THE GIRLS OF HUNTINGTON HOUSE (90) Scr: Paul Savage D: Alf Kjellin based on the novel by Blossom Elfman
2-26-73 THE STRANGER (120) W: Gerald Sanford D: Lee H. Katzin
2-27-73 I LOVE A MYSTERY (120) (Made in 1966) W & D: Leslie Stevens
3-17-73 THE MAGICIAN (90) St: Joseph Stefano Scr: Laurence Heath D: Marvin Chomsky
3-23-73 GENESIS II (90) W: Gene Roddenbery D: John Llewellyn Moxey
3-24-73 PARTNERS IN CRIME (90) W: David Shaw D: Jack Smight
3-31-73 HITCHED (90) W: Richard Alan Simmons D: Boris Sagal
11-28-73 CATHOLICS (90) Scr: Brian Moore D: Jack Gold based on Moore's novella
12-11-73 THE CAT CREATURE (90) St: Bloch, Douglas Cramer & Wilford Lloyd Baumes Scr: Robert Bloch D: Curtis Harrington
12-19-73 PIONEER WOMAN (90) W: Suzanne Clauser D: Buzz Kulik
1-23-74 THE QUESTOR TAPES (120) St: Gene Roddenberry Scr: Roddenberry & Gene L. Coon D: Richard Colla
1-26-74 HEAT WAVE (90) St Herbert W. Solov Scr: Peter Allan Fields & Mark Weingarten D: Jerry Jameson
1-31-74 THE AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF MISS JANE PITTMAN (120) Scr: Tracy Keenan Wynn D: John Korty based on the novel by:
2- 9-74 THE ELEVATOR (90) W: Bruce Shelley & Dave Ketchun D: Jerry Jameson
4-23-74 PLANET EARTH (90) St: Gene Roddenberry Scr: Roddenberry & Juanita Bartlett D: Marc Daniels
5- 6-74 THE UNDERGROUND MAN (120) Scr: Douglas Heyes D: Paul Wendkos based on the novel by Ross MacDonald
9-17-74 THE SEX SYMBOL (90) W: Alvah Bessie D: David Lowell Rich based on his novel "The Symbol"
12-17-74 THIS IS THE WEST THAT WAS (90) W: Sam Rolfe D: Fielder Cook
12-19-74 JUDGE DEE IN THE MONASTERY MURDERS (120) Scr: Nicholas Meyer D: Jeremy Kagan based on "Judge Dee at the Haunted Monastery" by Robert Van Gulik
1-14-75 THE DEAD DON'T DIE (90) W: Robert Bloch D: Curtis Harrington
2-19-75 THE FAMILY NOBODY WANTED (90) Scr: Suzanne Clauser D: Ralph Senensky St: Helen Doss, based on her book
2-25-75 JOURNEY FROM DARKNESS (120) St: Steven Pouliot Scr: Peggy Chantler Dick D: James Goldstone
2-27-75 IN THIS HOUSE OF BREDE (120) Scr: James Costigan D: George Schaefer based on the novel by Rumer Godden
3-24-75 CROSSFIRE (90) W: Phillip Saltzman D: William Hale
4- 2-75 DEAD MAN ON THE RUN (90) W: Ken Pettus D: Bruce Bilson
4-12-75 GIBBSVILLE: THE TURNING POINT OF JIM MOLLOY Scr & D: Frank D. Gilroy based on short stories by: John O'Hara
4-18-75 FIRST LADIES DIARIES: RACHEL JACKSON (90) W: Jerome Alden D: Ira Cirker
5- 4-75 BARBARY COAST (120) W & Creator: Douglas Heyes D: Bill Bixby
5-14-75 PROMISE HIM ANYTHING (90) W: O. O. Fry D: Edward Parone
5-20-75 DEATH AMONG FRIENDS (90) W: Stanley Ralph Ross D: Paul Wendkos
10- 2-75 FEAR ON TRIAL (120) W: David W. Rintels D: Lamont Johnson
3-19-76 TIME TRAVELLERS (90) St: Rod Serling Scr: Jackson Gillis D: Alexander Singer
5- 1-76 TWIN DETECTIVES (90) St: Specht & Robert Carrington & Everett Chambers Scr: Robert Specht D: Robert Day
5-16-76 F. SCOTT FITZGERALD IN HOLLYWOOD (120) W: James Costigan D: Anthony Page
11-22-76 THE SAVGE BEES (120) W: Guerdon Trueblood D: Bruce Geller
2-25-77 SST - DEATH FLIGHT (120) St: Guerdon Trueblood Scr: Robert L. Joseph & Meyer Dolinsky D: David Lowell Rich
4-28-77 SNOW BEAST (120) W: Joseph Stefano D: Herb Wallerstein
1977 COMPUTERCIDE W: Robert W. Foster & Anthony Wilson D: Robert Michael Lewis
12-17-77 THE INCREDIBLE ROCKY MOUNTAIN RACE W: Tom Chapman & David O'Malley D: James L. Conway
3-14-78 PERFECT GENTLEMEN W: Nora Ephron D: Jackie Cooper
5-26-78 KATE BLISS AND THE TICKERTAPE KID St: John Zodorow Scr: William Bowers & Zodorow D: Burt Kennedy
9-13-78 CLONE MASTER W: John D. F. Black D: Don Medford
10-2,3-78 LITTLE WOMEN W: Suzanne Clauser D: David Lowell Rich
11- 3-78 HOW TO PICK UP GIRLS! W: Jordan Crittenden & Peter Gethers & David Handler & Persky D: Bill Persky
12-20-78 ISHI: THE LAST OF HIS TRIBE Scr: Dalton & Christopher Trumbo D: Robert Ellis Miller
3-25-79 SOONER OR LATER W: Carol & Bruce Hart D: Bruce Hart
4-10-79 THE LEGEND OF THE GOLDEN GUN W: James D. Parriott D: Alan J. Levi C: Grady Hunt
4-15-79 THE BILLION DOLLAR THREAT W: Jimmy Sangster D: Barry Shear
4-28-79 I KNOW WHY THE CAGED BIRD SINGS Scr: Leonora Thuna & Maya Angelou D: Fielder Cook
4-30-79 SAMURAI W: Jerry Ludwig D: Lee H. Katzin
SPECIALS, PILOTS
1967 ALADDIN (The Prince Street Players) D: Nick Havinga
6-17-73 THE FABULOUS DR. FABLE W: George Wells D: Bernard Girard Music: Billy Goldenberg
11-23-73 JULIE ANDREWS ON SESAME STREET Head W: Bob Ellison D: Dwight Hemion
1974 ANOTHER APRIL (30) W: Lila Garrett D: Alan Rafkin
11-22-78 STEVE MARTIN: A WILD AND CRAZY GUY
Mini-Series
CAPTAINS AND THE KINGS
1976 Scr: Douglas Heyes D: (most episodes) Heyes Adaptation: Stephen & Elinor Karpf D: (6th hour) Allen Reisner (10 hours) (The best hours are 1, 2, 6, and 8).
THE BEST OF FAMILIES
10-27-78 GENERATIONS W: Loring Mandel D: Glenn Jordan
BRITISH MINISERIES ABOUT EARLY FILM
Art Directors: Michael Eve & Richard Lake C: James Dark Producer: Joan Brown
FLICKERS (6 episodes) (1980) W: Roy Clarke D: Cyril Coke
PICTURES (7 episodes) (1981) W: Roy Clarke D: Carol Wiseman
Super-Heroes
ADVENTURES OF SUPERMAN
Please see my articles on Superman, Lois Lane, Jimmy Olsen comic books.
4-28-56 JIMMY THE KID W: Leroy H. Zehren D: Philip Ford
BATMAN
Please see my article on Batman comic books.
3-9,10-66 TRUE OR FALSE FACE / HOLY RAT RACE W: Stephen Kandel D: William A. Graham
3-1,2-67 A PIECE OF THE ACTION / BATMAN'S SATISFACTION (Van Williams as the Green Hornet) W: Charles Hoffman D: Oscar Rudolph
2-1,8-68 THE GREAT ESCAPE / THE GREAT TRAIN ROBBERY W: Stanley Ralph Ross D: Oscar Rudolph
THE GREEN HORNET
10-21,28-66 BEAUTIFUL DREAMER W: Ken Pettus & Lorenzo Semple Jr. D: Allen Reisner
SIX MILLION DOLLAR MAN
1-25-74 SURVIVAL OF THE FITTEST (Plane forced down on island) W: Mann Rubin D: Leslie H. Martinson
THE BIONIC WOMAN
11-10-76 BLACK MAGIC (Vincent Price) W: Arthur Rowe D: Barry Crane
ISIS
12-6-75 SCUBA DUBA (Brian Byers as scuba diver) W: Sidney Morse D: Arnold Laven
MADE FOR TV MOVIES
11- 7-75 THE NEW, ORIGINAL WONDER WOMAN (90) W: Stanley Ralph Ross D: Leonard J. Horn
1-19-79 CAPTAIN AMERICA St: Don Ingalls & Chester Krumholz Scr: Ingalls D: Rod Holcomb
WONDER WOMAN
2-16-77 WONDER WOMAN IN HOLLYWOOD W: Jimmy Sangster D: Bruce Bilson
10-28-77 THE QUEEN AND THE THIEF W: Bruce Shelley D: Jack Arnold
4-21-78 THE MURDEROUS MISSILE W: Dick Nelson D: Dick Moder
10- 6-78 THE DEADLY STING W: Dick Nelson D: Alan Crosland
10-20-78 DISCO DEVIL W: Alan Brennert D: Leslie H. Martinson
1-26-79 SPACED-OUT W: Bill Taylor D: Ivan Dixon
3-10-79 A DATE WITH DOOMSDAY W: Roland Starke & Dennis Landa D: Curtis Harrington
THE AMAZING SPIDER-MAN
4-5,12-78 DEADLY DUST W: Robert Janes D: Ronald C. Satlof
Science Fiction
MEN INTO SPACE
9-30-59 MOON PROBE W: Arthur Weiss D: Walter Doniger
10-7-59 MOON LANDING W: James Clavell D: Walter Doniger
11-4-59 LOST MISSILE W: Michael Plant D: Walter Doniger
12-30-59 QUARANTINE W: Stuart J. Byrne D: Walter Doniger
THE INVADERS
1-31-67 THE LEECHES W: Daniel B. Ullman D: Paul Wendkos
4- 4-67 STORM (Hurricane, priest) W: John Kneubuhl D: Paul Wendkos
12-26-67 TASK FORCE (Publisher, Linden Chiles) W: Warren Duff D: Gerald Mayer
2-27-68 THE MIRACLE (Crystal, small town) St: Robert L. Collins & Norman T. Herman Scr: Robert L. Collins D: Robert Day
SEARCH
Created by: Leslie Stevens
12-20-72 THE GOLD MACHINE W: Leslie Stevens D: Russ Mayberry
BATTLESTAR GALACTICA
2-19-79 MURDER ON THE RISING STAR St: Michael Sloan Scr: Donald P. Bellisario, James Carlson & Terrence McDonnell D: Rod Holcomb
The Twilight Zone
THE TWILIGHT ZONE
Please see my articles on Lamont Johnson, Joseph M. Newman.
3-11-60 A WORLD OF DIFFERENCE W: Richard Matheson D: Ted Post
5- 6-60 WILLOUGHBY W: Rod Serling D: Robert Parish
11-11-60 EYE OF THE BEHOLDER W: Rod Serling D: Douglas Heyes
12-23-60 THE NIGHT OF THE MEEK W: Rod Serling D: Jack Smight
1-20-61 THE WHOLE TRUTH W: Rod Serling D: James Sheldon
2- 3-61 PENNY FOR YOUR THOUGHTS W: George Clayton Johnson D: James Sheldon
2-10-61 TWENTY TWO Scr: Rod Serling D: Jack Smight Based on an anecdote by: Bennett Cerf
5-12-61 THE MIND AND THE MATTER W: Rod Serling D: Buzz Kulik
6- 2-61 THE OBSOLETE MAN W: Rod Serling D: Elliot Silverstein
9-15-61 TWO W & D: Montgomery Pittman
10-27-61 THE GRAVE W & D: Montgomery Pittman
12-22-61 FIVE CHARACTERS IN SERACH OF AN EXIT Scr: Rod Serling D: Lamont Johnson Based on a story by: Marvin Petal
1- 5-62 NOTHING IN THE DARK W: George Clayton Johnson D: Lamont Johnson
2- 9-62 KICK THE CAN W: George Clayton Johnson D: Lamont Johnson
2-23-62 THE LAST RITES OF JEFF MYRTLEBANK W & D: Montgomery Pittman
4- 6-62 FOUR O'CLOCK Scr: Rod Serling D: Lamont Johnson Based on a story by: Price Day
4-13-62 HOCUS-POCUS AND FRISBY Scr: Rod Serling D: Lamont Johnson Based on a story by: Frederic Louis Fox
1-24-63 HE'S ALIVE W: Rod Serling D: Stuart Rosenberg
9-27-63 IN PRIASE OF PIP W: Rod Serling D: Joseph M. Newman
1-31-64 BLACK LEATHER JACKETS W: Earl Hamner, Jr. D: Joseph M. Newman
The Outer Limits
THE OUTER LIMITS
10- 7-63 THE MAN WITH THE POWER W: Jerome Ross D: Laslo Benedek
10-28-63 THE MAN WHO WAS NEVER BORN W: Anthony Lawrence D: Leonard J. Horn
11- 4-63 O.B.I.T. W: Meyer Dolinsky D: Gerd Oswald
12- 9-63 IT CRAWLED OUT OF THE WOODWORK W: Joseph Stefano D: Gerd Oswald
12-30-63 THE ZANTI MISFITS W: Joseph Stefano D: Leonard J. Horn
2-17-64 THE CHILDREN OF SPIDER COUNTY W: Anthony Lawrence D: Leonard J. Horn
2-24-64 SPECIMEN: UNKNOWN W: Stephen Lord D: Gerd Oswald
3- 2-64 SECOND CHANCE W: Lou Morheim, Line Dane D: Paul Stanley
4- 6-64 THE SPECIAL ONE W: Oliver Crawford D: Gerd Oswald
4-20-64 PRODUCTION AND DECAY OF STRANGE PARTICLES W & D: Leslie Stevens
5- 4-64 THE FORMS OF THINGS UNKNOWN W: Joseph Stefano D: Gerd Oswald
10-17-64 DEMON WITH A GLASS HAND W: Harlan Ellison D: Byron Haskin
Nanny and the Professor
NANNY AND THE PROFESSOR
3- 4-70 NANNY ON WHEELS (driving exam) W: Austin & Irma Kalish D: Gary Nelson
3-11-70 STRICTLY FOR THE BIRDS W: John McGreevey D: Gary Nelson
4- 1-70 THE GAMES FAMILIES PLAY (Hal Buckley) W: Rick Mittleman D: Richard Kinon
4-29-70 NANNY AND THE SMOKE FILLED ROOM (election) W: Lila Garrett & Bernie Kahn D: William Wiard
9-25-70 THE HUMAN ELEMENT (A Car Race) W: Arthur Alsberg & Don Nelson D: Jack Arnold
11- 6-70 THE GREAT BROADCAST OF 1936 W: Arthur Alsberg & Don Nelson D: Jay Sandrich
3-12-71 KID STUFF W: John McGreevey D: Gary Nelson
3-26-71 THE COMMUNICATION GAP (Student loves professor?) W: Michael Morris D: Russ Mayberry
11-29-71 THE GREAT DEBATE (Basketball pros Vs College) W: Michael Morris D: Hollingsworth Morse
12- 6-71 ONE FOR THE ROAD (Hal's first trip alone) W: Arthur Alsberg & Don Nelson D: Bruce Bilson
12-27-71 WHATEVER HAPPENED TO AUNT FELICITY? (doll) W: Austin & Irma Kalish D: Bruce Bilson
Fantasy
THE ADDAMS FAMILY
9-18-64 THE ADDAMS FAMILY GOES TO SCHOOL (pilot) W: Seaman Jacobs & Ed James developed for television by: David Levy D: Arthur Hiller
10-30-64 HALLOWEEN WITH THE ADDAMS FAMILY W: Keith Fowler & Phil Leslie D: Sidney Lanfield
SIXTH SENSE
9-30-72 DEAR JOAN, WE'RE GOING TO SCARE YOU TO DEATH (Joan Crawford & Kelly Jean Peters) W: Jonathan Stone D: John Newland
THE GIRL WITH SOMETHING EXTRA
1-11-74 GUESS WHO'S FEEDING THE PIGEONS (Sally Field gets involved with mobsters in park) W: William Davenport & Lou Derman D: Richard Duchowski
TABITHA
12-10-77 MISTER NICE GUY (Mirror spell) W: Martin Donovan D: Charles R. Rondeau
12-24-77 TABITHA'S TRIANGLE (Dack Rambo as Politician) W: George Yanok D: Murray Golden
FANTASY ISLAND
10-14-78 THE BEST SELLER (Bookstore Clerk: Desi Arnaz, Jr.) W: Skip Webster D: George McCowan
10-27-79 THE RED BARON St: Herman Groves Scr: Groves & Sam Orr D: Earl Bellamy
Comedy
THE JACK BENNY PROGRAM
10-25-53 HUMPHREY BOGART SHOW W: Hugh Wedlock Jr. & Howard Snyder D: Ralph Levy
I MARRIED JOAN
(2 Guests) W: Arthur Stander & Phil Sharp D: Ezra Stone
DECEMBER BRIDE
1-17-55 THE GRANDFATHER CLOCK W: Lou Derman & Herbert Finn & Parke Levy D: Jerry Thorpe
MY LITTLE MARGIE
4- 6-55 THE BIG TELECAST (Margie's father interviewed at home on "The Important Person" TV show) W: D: Hal Yates
FATHER KNOWS BEST
12-11-57 MR. BEAL MEETS HIS MATCH W: Roswell Rogers D: Peter Tewksbury
3- 2-59 BETTY MAKES A CHOICE (Betty tries out for a musical) W & D: Peter Tewksbury
5-18-59 THE GREAT ANDERSON MYSTERY W: Roswell Rogers D: Peter Tewksbury
LEAVE IT TO BEAVER
2- 7-58 CHILD CARE (Babysitting) W & Creator: Joe Connelly & Bob Mosher D: Norman Tokar
DENNIS THE MENACE
1-24-60 DENNIS AND THE BIKE (Dennis tries to win a bike by counting beans in jar) W: William Cowley & Peggy Chantler D: Charles Barton
CAR 54, WHERE ARE YOU?
3-24-63 LUCILLE IS 40 (Wig, Night Must Fall spoof) W: Art Baer & Ben Joelson D: Stanley Prager
GRINDL
10-20-63 GRINDL: FEMME FATALE W: Jerry Davis & Lee Loeb D: Stanley Prager
10-27-63 ONE ANGRY GRINDL W: Jerry Davis & Lee Loeb D: William D. Russell
O. K. CRACKERBY!
9-16-65 O. K. CRACKERBY ARRIVES W: Abe Burrows D: Rod Amateau & Abe Burrows
12-2-65 CRACKERBY STOPS THE PRESS (lying columnist) W: Bill O'Hallareen D: Claudio Guzman
GILLIGAN'S ISLAND
10-3-66 THE PRODUCER W: Gerald Gardner & Dee Caruso D: Ida Lupino & George Cahan
12-5-66 AND THEN THERE WERE NONE W: Ron Friedman D: Jerry Hopper
THE LUCY SHOW
2-14-66 LUCY DATES DEAN MARTIN W: Robert O'Brien D: Maury Thompson
3-14-66 LUCY THE GUN MOLL (Robert Stack & Untouchables parody) W: Robert O'Brien D: Maury Thompson
HERE'S LUCY
2-28-72 KIM FINALLY CUTS YOU-KNOW-WHOSE APRON STRING (Lucie Arnaz moves out and gets own apartment) W: Bob Carroll Jr. & Madelyn Davis D: Coby Ruskin
THE MOTHERS-IN-LAW
9-10-67 ON AGAIN, OFF AGAIN, LOHENGRIN (Pilot) W & Creators: Bob Carroll Jr. & Madelyn Davis D: Desi Arnaz
2- 4-68 I'D TELL YOU I LOVE YOU, BUT WE'RE NOT SPEAKING (Fight & Group Therapy) St: Robert Daniels & Marc Howard Scr: Daniels, Howard, Bob Carroll Jr. & Madelyn Davis D: Desi Arnaz
MY THREE SONS
2-16-67 MY SON, THE BULLFIGHTER W: Elroy Schwartz D: James V. Kern
PETTICOAT JUNCTION
2- 7-67 A STAR IS BORN? W: Dick Conway & Al Schwartz D: Charles Barton
GREEN ACRES
1-29-69 LAW PARTNERS W: Jay Sommers & Dick Chevillat D: Richard L. Bare
HOGAN'S HEROES
1- 6-67 THE GENERAL SWAP W: Harvey Bullock & R.S. Allen D: Gene Reynolds
BRACKEN'S WORLD
1- 6-70 MEANWHILE, BACK AT THE STUDIO W: Joseph Bonaduce D: Gary Nelson
TONY ORLANDO AND DAWN
12- 4-74 (William Conrad/Florence Henderson) D: Jeff Margolis
2- 4-76 (Ragtime) (Jim Nabors/Kate Smith/Arlene Golonka)
THE ODD COUPLE
2- 8-74 SHUFFLING OFF TO BUFFALO (Felix's Brother) W: Mark Rothman & Lowell Ganz D: Frank Buxton
MARY TYLER MOORE
2-22-75 TED BAXTER'S FAMOUS BROADCASTERS SCHOOL W: Michael Zinberg D: Jay Sandrich
BOB NEWHART
1- 4-75 TOBIN'S BACK IN TOWN (Fred Willard: Ellen's old boyfriend) W: Michael Zinberg D: Peter Bonerz
10-18-75 CAROL'S WEDDING W: Gordon & Lynn Farr D: Michael Zinberg
NEEDLES AND PINS
11-23-73 THE ENDANGERED SPECIES (Nita Talbot) W: Ed Jurist D: George Tyne
12- 7-73 THE WIFE YOU SAVE MAY BE YOUR OWN (Joan Rivers) W: Sid Dorfman D: Ernest Losso
CORNER BAR
8-17-73 MIXED DOUBLES (Teetotaling group mistaken for wife-swappers) W: Bob Ellison D: Peter Baldwin
CARTER COUNTRY
11-24-77 CHICKS AND TURKEYS (Thanksgiving) W: David Pollock & Elias Davis D: Peter Baldwin
12-22-77 BY THE LIGHT OF THE MOONLIGHT (Christmas) W: Al Gordon & Jack Mendelsohn D: Peter Baldwin
WE'VE GOT EACH OTHER
C: Al Lehman
1- 7-78 PUMPING IRON (Bodybuilding) Pr & W: Jack Burns D: Lee Bernhardi
FLYING HIGH
12-22-78 SWAN SONG FOR AN UGLY DUCKLING (Terry Lester) W: Terri Ryan D: Dennis Donnelly
THE JEFFERSONS
10-10-82 ANATOMY OF A STAIN (Cleaners and candy bar) W: Peter Casey & David Lee D: Bob Lally
HAPPY DAYS
2-28-78 MY FAVORITE ORKAN (Mork from Ork) W: Joe Glauberg D: Jerry Paris
11-22-83 VOCATIONAL EDUCATION (Roger as Principal) W: Brian Levant D: Jerry Paris
Gomer Pyle
GOMER PYLE: USMC
Creator: Aaron Ruben
12-25-64 SERGEANT OF THE WEEK W: Art Baer & Ben Joelson D: Coby Ruskin
10-19-66 HOW TO SUCCEED IN FARMING WITHOUT REALLY TRYING W: Rick Mittleman D: Coby Ruskin
3- 8-67 SING A SONG OF PAPA W: Aaron Ruben D: Coby Ruskin
9-15-67 THE RECRUITING POSTER W: Jack Elinson & Irving Elinson D: Coby Ruskin
11-3-67 THE SHOW MUST GO ON W: Norman Paul D: Coby Ruskin
12-29-67 GOMER, THE PRIVILEGED CHARACTER W: Rick Mittleman D: Peter Baldwin
3-22-68 GOMER AND THE NIGHT CLUB COMIC W: Harvey Bullock & R.S. Allen D: Coby Ruskin
10-25-68 JUST MOVE YOUR LIPS, SERGEANT W: Harvey Bullock & R.S. Allen D: John Rich
3-21-69 PROXY PAPAS W: Harvey Bullock & R.S. Allen D: John Rich
Adventure
THE COUNT OF MONTE CRISTO
10-19-56 THE AFFAIR OF THE THREE NAPOLEONS W: Sidney Marshall D: Budd Boetticher
MEN OF ANNAPOLIS
1- 7-57 COUNTER FLOOD W: Gene Levitt D: William Castle
57 COURSE OF ACTION W: Gene Levitt & Gordon Gordon & Mildred Gordon D: William Castle
57 SHIP'S LOG St: William Castle Scr: Gordon Gordon & Mildred Gordon D: William Castle
SEA HUNT
Costumes: Tommy Thompson
9- 2-61 STARTING SIGNAL W: Stanley H. Silverman D: Leon Benson
TWELVE O'CLOCK HIGH
1-22-65 THE LORELEI W: Albert Aley D: Don Medford
THE RAT PATROL
9-25-67 TRIAL BY FIRE RAID W: Peter Allan Fields D: Sutton Roley
11-20-67 HIDE AND GO SEEK RAID W: Marc Weingart D: Sutton Roley
1-22-68 THE DECOY RAID W: Robert Sherman D: Sutton Roley
TARZAN
3-1,8-68 FOUR O'CLOCK ARMY W: Carey Wilber D: Alex Nichol
Detective Tales and Thrillers
RACKET SQUAD
12-25-52 THE CHRISTMAS CAPER W: Arthur E. Orloff D: Erle C. Kenton
TREASURY MEN IN ACTION
12-23-54 THE CASE OF THE BAD BARGAIN W: Alvin Boretz D: William Beaudine
THE LINEUP
Costumes: Paul McCardle
10-1-54 THE PAISLEY GANG W: E. Jack Neuman D: Thomas Carr
4- 3-59 THE GIRLS AND GUNS CASE W: John Taylor D: James V. Kern
HARBOR COMMAND
Costumes: Tommy Thompson
12-13-57 DEAD ON 'B' DECK W: Arthur Weiss D: Philip Ford
DIAGNOSIS: UNKNOWN
7- 5-60 A CASE OF RADIANT WINE W: John Carpenter (Arnold Manoff) D: Fielder Cook
THE UNTOUCHABLES
3- 1-62 TAKEOVER St: Theodore Apstein Scr: Sy Salkowitz D: Bernard L. Kowalski
11-20-62 ELEGY W: Herman Groves D: Robert Butler
87TH PRECINCT
C: Vincent Dee
10-9-61 LADY KILLER Scr: John Hawkins D: Dick Moder based on the novel "Lady Killer" (1958) by Ed McBain
12-4-61 THE VERY HARD SELL Scr: Helen Nielsen D: Paul Stewart based on the short story "The Very Hard Sell" (1959) by Helen Nielsen
THE NEW BREED
Costumes: Bob Wolfe
10-31-61 THE COMPULSION TO CONFESS W: David Zelag Goodman D: Walter Grauman
THE FUGITIVE
C: Elmer Ellsworth
4-6-65 A. P. B. W: Daniel B. Ullman D: William Gordon
KRAFT SUSPENSE THEATER
4-22-65 JUNGLE OF FEAR W: John McGreevey D: Earl Bellamy Costumes: Helen Colvig
THE F.B.I.
3- 5-67 FLIGHT PLAN W: Francis Cockrell D: William Hale
N.Y.P.D.
9-26-67 FAST GUN W: Albert Ruben D: Alex March
DRAGNET
3- 6-69 BURGLARY: DR-31 W: Burt Prelutsky D: Jack Webb
3-28-69 TURNABOUT W: William O'Hallaren D:
PILOTS
7-1-68 CALL TO DANGER W: David P. Harmon D: Lamont Johnson Art Dir: Marvin Chomsky
COLUMBO
11-4-73 PUBLISH OR PERISH W: Peter S. Fischer D: Robert Butler
DAN AUGUST
Ph: Ben Colman
9-30-70 THE MURDER OF A SMALL TOWN W: Robert Dozier D: Harvey Hart
MOD SQUAD
10-20-70 THE SONG OF WILLIE W: Steffi & Tony Barrett D: Gene Nelson
IRONSIDE
1-23-69 WHY THE TUESDAY AFTERNOON BRIDGE CLUB MET ON THURSDAY W: Irve Tunick D: Don McDougall
9-21-71 CONTRACT: KILL IRONSIDE W: Steven Karpf & Elinor Karpf D: Don Weis
10-24-74 SETUP: DANGER! W: William D. Gordon & James Doherty D: Russ Mayberry
HAWAII FIVE-O
1- 4-72 BAIT ONCE, BAIT TWICE St: Jerome Ross Scr: Will Lorin D: Alf Kjellin
THE ROOKIES
12-9-74 THE ASSASSIN W: Frank Telford D: Phil Bondelli
AMY PRENTISS
12- 1-74 BAPTISM OF FIRE (Peter Haskell & William Shatner) W: Michael Phillip Butler & Christopher Trumbo D: Jeffrey Hayden
POLICE WOMAN
12-20-74 SHOEFLY St: Joshua Hanke & Daniel B. Ullman Scr: Edward DeBlasio D: Alvin Ganzer
BARETTA
10-29-75 SET-UP CITY (Charles Durning) W: Michael Butler D: Curtis Harrington
SWORD OF JUSTICE
10-14-78 THE DESTRUCTORS W: D: Curtis Harrington
THE TWO-FIVE
4-14-78 (Pilot) (90) W: Robert A. Cinader & Joseph Polizzi D: Bruce Kessler
1- 7-79 THE BABYSITTERS St: Robert A. Cinader Scr: Cinader & Joseph Polizzi D: Jules Irving
Suspense
SUSPENSE
See my article on Robert Mulligan.
7-29-52 THE CROOKED FRAME Scr: Mel Goldberg D: Robert Mulligan based on novel by: William P. McGivern
10-14-52 THE BLUE PANTHER Scr: Max Ehrlich D: Robert Mulligan based on the short story "Red Goose" (1934) by Norbert Davis
10-28-52 ALL HALLOW'S EVE Scr: Halsted Welles D: Robert Mulligan based on the short story "Markheim" by Robert Louis Stevenson
11-11-52 THE MOVING TARGET W: Robert Anderson D: Robert Mulligan
11-18-52 MONSIEUR VIDOCQ Scr: Victor Wolfson St: Dana Lee Thomas & Henry Thomas D: Robert Mulligan
12-30-52 THE INVISIBLE KILLER Scr: Basil Beyea D: Robert Mulligan based on the short story "Invisible Killer" (1951) by Bruno Skoggard
2- 3-53 MUTINY BELOW Scr: Raphael Hayes St: Cedric Mentiplay D: Robert Mulligan
2-17-53 THE QUARRY Scr: James P. Cavanagh St: Marc Brandel D: Robert Mulligan
3- 3-53 THE KISS-OFF Scr: Richard Lortz D: Robert Mulligan based on the short story "The Kiss-Off" (1951) by John P. Foran
4-28-53 F.O.B. VIENNA W: Raphael Hayes D: Robert Mulligan
6- 9-53 THE MAN WHO CRIED WOLF Scr: Robert Anderson St: Morton S. Fine & David Friedkin D: Robert Mulligan
7-28-53 THE DANCE Scr: James P. Cavanagh D: Robert Mulligan based on the short story "The Dance" (1926) by F. Scott Fitzgerald
Highway Patrol
HIGHWAY PATROL
Costumes: Tommy Thompson
4- 2-56 MOTORCYCLE A (2 Motorcyclists in leather jackets, Clint Eastwood, undercover officer) W: Don Brinkley D: Lambert Hillyer
6-11-56 MISSING WITNESS (Reporter, Sgt. Corey, murder witness) W: Don Brinkley D: Lew Landers
12-17-56 MOTEL ROBBERY (Rhodes Reason as motel robber, Richard Tretter as motel manager) W: Laurence Heath D: Gilbert Kay
12-56 EX CON (reformed ex con runs gas station) W: Stuart Jerome D: Lambert Hillyer
57 COUNTERFEIT (print shop makes counterfeit payroll checks) W: Lou Huston D: Eddie Davis
1-14-57 MIGRANT WORKERS (Robbery, leather jackets) W: Don Brinkley D: Paul Guilfoyle
11-18-57 THE SNIPER (farm area killings, forensic detection, Jamie Russell as excon in uniform-like clothes) W: Bob Mitchell D: Jack Herzberg
12-23-57 CHAIN STORE (man robs chain stores he works for, William Bakewell) W: Don Clark D: Herbert L. Strock
1-13-58 MOTHER'S MARCH (handyman on motorcycle and in Perfecto jacket, steals funds) W: Ellis Marcus D: Herbert L. Strock
3-24-58 FEAR (Family man is secretly Polka Dot Bandit) W: Jack Rock D: Eddie Davis
4-21-58 CREDIT CARD (Thieves hijack cars and credit cards, attack gas stations) W: Jack Rock D: Eddie Davis
6- 9-58 HOSTAGE OFFICER (officer kidnapped, radio) W: Jack Rock D: Derwin Abrahams
11-24-58 TRAIN ROBBERY (train with payroll, remote station) W: Robert J. Shaw D: Jack Herzberg
2-23-59 FRAMED COP (William Boyett's Sergeant framed for revenge; train station finale) W: Nathan McGinnis D: Jack Herzberg
3-23-59 DIVERSION ROBBERY (Modern architecture, maze of fire roads, Ed Nelson) W: Lou Huston D: Derwin Abrahams
5-18-59 AUTO PRESS (killer in suit and leather coat, auto junkyard, roadblocks) W: Bob Mitchell D: Leon Benson
6-15-59 DETOUR TO DEATH (Fake cops detour then rob people) W: Joel Riordan D: Monroe P. Askins
59 CARGO HIJACK (Steve Ihnat as trucker in leather jacket, cross cutting) W: Richard Adam D: Lew Landers
Naked City
NAKED CITY
10-7-58 NICKEL RIDE W: Sterling Silliphant D: Douglas Heyes
10-28-58 VIOLENT CIRCLE W: Sterling Silliphant D: Douglas Heyes
11-18-58 BELVEDERE TOWER W: Robert Sylvester & John McKenzie D: William Beaudine
11-25-58 THE BIRD GUARD W: Sterling Silliphant D: William Beaudine
4-14-59 BAKER'S DOZEN W: Sterling Silliphant D: George Sherman
10-12-60 A DEATH OF PRINCES W: Sterling Silliphant D: John Brahm
11-16-60 KILLER WITH A KISS W: Leonard Praskins & Sloan Nibley D: Lamont Johnson
5-10-61 C3H5(NO3)3 W: Gilbert Ralston D: William A. Graham
6-14-61 THE DAY THE ISLAND ALMOST SANK W: Jerry Thomas D: William Conrad
11-15-61 WHICH IS JOSEPH CREELEY? W: Gilbert Ralston D: Arthur Hiller
5-23-62 THE MULTIPLICITY OF HERBERT KONISH W: Ernest Kinoy D: David Lowell Rich
11-28-62 DUST DEVIL ON A QUIET STREET St: Anthony Lawrence Scr: Anthony Lawrence & Howard Rodman D: George Sherman
12-19-62 SPECTRE OF THE ROSE STREET GANG St: Jerome Gruskin Scr: Alvin Sargent & Jerome Gruskin D: James Sheldon
1-30-63 BEYOND THIS PLACE THERE BE DRAGONS W: Shimon Wincelberg D: George Sherman
The Detectives
THE DETECTIVES
C: Robert B. Harris
10-23-59 SHOT IN THE DARK W: Christopher Knopf D: Arnold Laven
10-30-59 THE HIDING PLACE W: Donald S. Sanford Alpert D: Joseph H. Lewis
4-29-60 FLOATING FACE DOWN W: Michael Plant D: Felix E. Feist
9-29-61 TOBEY'S PLACE W: Michael Morris D: Paul Wendkos
Everglades!
EVERGLADES!
10-30-61 PRIMER FOR PIONEERS W: Budd Schulberg D: Andrew V. McLaglen
1- 1-62 THE BRAND W: E.M. Parsons D: Jack Herzberg
1-15-62 FORCE TEN W: Stephen Kandel D: John Florea
4-10-62 KILLER IN CALICO W: Stuart Jerome D: Jack Herzberg
Burke's Law
THE DICK POWELL THEATER
9-26-61 WHO KILLED JULIE GREER? W: Frank D. Gilroy D: Robert Ellis Miller. This episode was the pilot for "Burke's Law".
BURKE'S LAW
C: Robert B. Harris Theme: Herschel Burke Gilbert Art Director: Bill Ross
9-20-63 WHO KILLED HOLLY HOWARD (pilot) W: Albert Beich & William H. Reight D: Hy Averback
9-27-63 WHO KILLED MR. X W: Lewis Reed D: Don Weis
10-11-63 WHO KILLED HARRIS CROWN (Don Taylor, Don Rickles) W: John Meredyth Lucas D: Don Weis
10-25-63 WHO KILLED ALEX DEBBS W: Harlan Ellison D: Don Weis
11- 1-63 WHO KILLED SWEET BETSY W: Edith Sommer D: Hy Averback
11-15-63 WHO KILLED WADE WALKER W: Bob O'Brien D: Stanley Z. Cherry
11-29-63 WHO KILLED THE KIND DOCTOR W: Edith Sommer D: Don Taylor
12-13-63 WHO KILLED CYNTHIA ROYAL (ok: but watching BL, "Right to Sing the Blues", Avalon as Beatnik) W: Jameson Brewer & Day Keene D: Charles Haas
12-20-63 WHO KILLED ELEANORA DAVIS (photography, golf pro) W: Don Taylor D: Hermann Hofmann
12-27-63 WHO KILLED BEAU STARR (pool, oxygen, Agnes Moorehead) W: John Meredyth Lucas D: David McDeardon
1-24-64 WHO KILLED MADISON COOPER W: Lewis Reed D: Jeffrey Hayden
1-31-64 WHO KILLED APRIL (Tim's Mother) W: Hans Beith D: Lewis Allen
2-14-64 WHO KILLED CARRIE CORNELL (William Shatner) W: Jay Drattler D: Bryan Paul
2-21-64 WHO KILLED HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS W: Gwen Bagni & Paul Dubov D: Don Weis
2-28-64 WHO KILLED MARTY KELSO (Hollywood agent, Glynis Johns, John Ericson) W: Tony Barrett D: Don Taylor
3-27-64 WHO KILLED MOLLY W: Albert Beich D: Don Weis
4-10-64 WHO KILLED ANNIE FORAN (Cassavetes) W: Tony Barrett D: Lewis Allen
4-24-64 WHO KILLED THE ELEVENTH BEST DRESSED WOMAN IN THE WORLD (all women; young movie star) W: Edith Sommer D: Don Weis
9-16-64 WHO KILLED THE SURF BROAD W: Tony Barrett D: Don Taylor
9-23-64 WHO KILLED VAUDEVILLE W: Gwen Bagni & Paul Dubov D & Choreo & Act: Gene Nelson
10-7-64 WHO KILLED THE HORNE OF PLENTY W: Tony Barrett D: Richard Kinon
10-28-64 WHO KILLED CORNELIUS GILBERT (Tim Kidnapped) W: Lewis Reed D: Don Taylor
11-11-64 WHO KILLED THE RICHEST MAN IN THE WORLD W: Stephen Kandel D: Gene Nelson
11-25-64 WHO KILLED THE TALL ONE IN THE MIDDLE (Poor, but bad singer, salesman) W: Tony Barrett D: Don Weis
12- 9-64 WHO KILLED 711 (Conried, Baking) W: Gwen Bagni & Paul Dubov D: Sidney Lanfield
12-23-64 WHO KILLED THE SWINGER ON A HOOK (Dick Clark, death list) W: Tony Barrett D: Lewis Allen
1- 6-65 WHO KILLED THE STRANGLER (Wrestling) W: Larry Gordon D: Sam C. Freedle
1-20-65 WHO KILLED THE TOY SOLDIER W: Lorenzo Semple Jr & Andrew McCullouch D: Jerry Hopper
1-27-65 WHO KILLED ROSIE SUNSET W: Tony Barrett D: Paul Wendkos
2-24-65 WHO KILLED THE 13TH CLOWN (trampoline, chase, Terry Thomas) W: Charles Hoffman D: Jerry Hopper
4-21-65 WHO KILLED THE JACKPOT W: Gwen Bagni & Paul Dubov D: Richard Kinon
4-28-65 WHO KILLED THE GRAND PIANO W: Larry Gordon D: Fred De Cordova
Adam-12
ADAM-12
10-31-70 LOG 55: MISSING CHILD W: William P. McGivern D: Christian Nyby
3-18-71 LOG 106: POST TIME W: Stephen J. Cannell D: Christian Nyby
4-15-71 LOG 125: A SAFE JOB W: William P. McGivern D: Jean Yarbrough
1-10,17-73 CLEAR WITH A CIVILIAN (2-Part show) W: Stephen J. Cannell D: Dennis Donnelly
3-13-74 A CLINIC ON 18th STREET W: Joseph Calvelli D: Jack Webb
1-14-75 POT SHOT W: Jim Carlson D: Dennis Donnelly
4-1-75 GUS CORBIN W: Leo Gordon D: Dennis Donnelly
Starsky & Hutch
STARSKY & HUTCH
C: David Rawley
9-10-75 SAVAGE SUNDAY W: Fred Freiberger D: Claude Ennis Starrett, Jr
9-24-75 DEATH RIDE W: Edward J. Lakso D: Gene Nelson
11- 5-75 THE BAIT St: James Schmerer & Dan Ballock Scr: Schmerer & Ballock & Lakso D: Ivan Dixon
11-19-75 CAPTAIN DOBEY, YOU'RE DEAD W: Michael Fischer D: Michael Schultz
12-17-75 SHOOTOUT W: David Harmon D: Fernando Lamas
1- 7-76 THE HOSTAGES W: Edward J. Lakso D: George McCowan
3- 3-76 A COFFIN FOR STARSKY W: Arthur Rowe D: George McCowan
10-23-76 NIGHTLIGHT W: Ron Friedman D: George W. Brooks
11- 6-76 THE SPECIALIST W: Robert Earll D: Fernando Lamas
11-20-76 TAP DANCING HER WAY RIGHT BACK INTO YOUR HEARTS W: Edward J. Lakso D: Fernando Lamas
12-18-76 IRON MIKE St: Arthur Norman Scr: Norman & Ron Friedman D: Don Weis
1-22,29-77 THE SET-UP W: Joe Reb Moffly D: George McCowan
2- 5-77 SURVIVAL W: Tim Maschler D: David Soul
4-15-77 STARSKY AND HUTCH ARE GUILTY W: David Harmon D: Bob Kelljan
1-25-78 A BODY WORTH GUARDING St: Sam Paley Scr: Edelstein & Paley D: Rick Edelstein
2-15-78 CLASS IN CRIME W: Don Patterson D: Paul Michael Glaser
5- 3-78 PARTNERS W: Rick Edelstein D: Charles Picerini
5-10-78 QUADROMANIA W: Anthony Yerkovich D: Rick Edelstein
9-19-78 THE GAME W: Tim Maschler D: Leo Penn
11-14-78 DANDRUFF W: Ron Friedman D: Sutton Roley
11-28-78 THE GROUPIE W: Robert Dellinger D: Nick Colasanto
1- 6-79 THE GOLDEN ANGEL W: Joe Reb Moffly D: Sutton Roley
Amateur Sleuths
MR. & MRS. NORTH
(See my article on the creators of the Norths, Frances and Richard Lockridge.)
6-19-53 MURDER ON THE MIDWAY W: Buckley Angell D: Ralph Murphy
2-23-54 HAND PAINTED MURDER St: Donn Mullally Scr: Charles Belden & Lee Erwin D: Lew Landers
CORONET BLUE
5-29-67 A TIME TO BE BORN W: Albert Ruben D: Paul Bogart
6-12-67 THE ASSASSINS W: Albert Ruben D: Lamont Johnson
7-10-67 FACES W: Alvin Sargent D: Robert Stevens
THE SNOOP SISTERS
12-18-72 FEMALE INSTINCT (PILOT) St: Leonard Stern & Alan Sharp Scr: Leonard Stern & Hugh Wheeler D: Leonard Stern
12-19-73 CORPSE AND ROBBERS St: Don Ingalls Scr: Leonard Stern D: Leonard J. Horn
3- 5-74 THE DEVIL MADE ME DO IT! W: Tony Barrett & Robert Foster D: Leonard J. Horn
Ellery Queen
ELLERY QUEEN
Please see my article on mystery writer Ellery Queen.
3-23-75 ELLERY QUEEN / TOO MANY SUSPECTS (Pilot) (120) Scr: Richard Levinson & William Link D: David Greene based on the novel "The Fourth Side of the Triangle" by Ellery Queen
10- 9-75 THE ADVENTURE OF THE 12TH FLOOR EXPRESS W: David H. Balkan & Alan Folsom D: Jack Arnold
10-19-75 THE ADVENTURE OF MISS AGGIE'S FINAL PERFORMANCE St: Fischer, Richard Levinson & William Link Scr: Peter S. Fischer D: James Sheldon
10-30-75 THE MAD TEA PARTY Scr: Peter S. Fischer D: James Sheldon Based on the short story by: Ellery Queen
11-13-75 THE ADVENTURE OF VERONICA'S VEILS W: Robert Pirosh D: Seymour Robbie
2- 8-76 THE ADVENTURE OF THE SINISTER SCENARIO W: Robert Pirosh D: Peter H. Hunt
The Hardy Boys/Nancy Drew Mysteries
THE HARDY BOYS
2-13-77 THE MYSTERY OF THE WITCHES HOLLOW W: Michael Sloan D: Ronald G. Satlof
3- 6-77 THE DISAPPEARING FLOOR W: Larry Alexander D: Fernando Lamas
3-27-77 THE FLICKERING TORCH MYSTERY W: James Henerson D: Ivan Dixon
9-11,18-77 THE HARDY BOYS AND NANCY DREW MEET DRACULA W: Glen A. Larson & Michael Sloan D: Joseph Pevney
11- 6-77 THE STRANGE FATE OF FLIGHT 608 W: Christopher Crowe D: Ronald G. Satlof
1-22-78 THE HOUSE ON POSSESSED HILL W: Michael Sloan D: Daniel Haller
5- 7-78 THE CAMPUS TERROR St: Mark Griffiths & Steven Ujnaki Scr: Griffiths, Ujnaki & Christopher Crowe D: Jack Arnold
NANCY DREW
5- 1-77 THE MYSTERY OF THE GHOSTWRITER'S CRUISE St: Susan Woolen Scr: Michael Sloan D: Alvin Ganzer
1- 1-78 THE LADY ON THURSDAY AT TEN (Hutch: Brian Culhane Chico: Ron Enriquez) W: Christopher Crowe D: Joseph Pevney
Private Eyes
PILOTS
1958? THE FAT MAN W: Ivan Goff & Ben Roberts D: Joseph H. Lewis
MIKE HAMMER
7-12-58 FINAL CURTAIN St: Richard Ellington Scr: Frank Kane D: Richard Irving
7-26-58 IT'S AN ART W: Frank Kane D: Boris Sagal
8-30-58 NO BUSINESS LIKE ----- W: Fenton Earnshaw D: Boris Sagal
RICHARD DIAMOND, PRIVATE DETECTIVE
5- 3-59 CROWN OF SILLA W: Gene Levitt D: Lamont Johnson
CHECKMATE
3- 7-62 THE HEART IS A HANDOUT W: Sy Salkowitz D: Tom Gries
T.H.E. CAT
12-30-66 THE RING OF ANASIS W: Herman Miller D: Jacques Tourneur
LONGSTREET
The series is based on characters created by mystery writer Baynard Kendrick.
2-23-71 PILOT W: Stirling Silliphant D: Joseph Sargent
BANACEK
10-11-72 NO SIGN OF THE CROSS (90) St: Howard Browne & Robert Presnell Jr Scr: Presnell D: Daryl Duke
11-21-73 THE THREE MILLION DOLLAR PIRACY St: Jack Turley Scr: Stanley Ralph Ross & Robert Van Scoyk D: Andrew V. McLaglen
BARNABY JONES
2- 4-73 TO CATCH A DEAD MAN W: Benjamin Masselink D: William Hale
10-7-73 DAY OF THE VIPER W: Barry Oringer D: Walter Grauman
2-10-74 A GOLD RECORD FOR MURDER W: Larry Brody D: George McCowan
2-24-74 RENDEZVOUS WITH TERROR W: Calvin Clements Jr. D: Seymour Robbie
3- 3-74 DARK LEGACY W: Robert W. Lenski D: Gene Nelson
3-24-74 IMAGE IN A CRACKED MIRROR W: Gerald Sanford D: William Hale
4- 1-75 JEOPARDY FOR TWO W: Carey Wilber D: Michael Caffey
11-18-76 BAND OF EVIL W: Robert W. Lenski D: Walter Grauman
THE ROCKFORD FILES
12- 1-78 A FAST COUNT W: Gordon Dawson D: Reza Badiyi
10-19, 26- 79 ONLY ROCK 'N' ROLL WILL NEVER DIE (2 part) W: David Chase D: William Wiard
VEGAS
1-10-79 KILL DAN TANNA W: Larry Forrester D: Curtis Harrington
10-3-79 MIXED BLESSINGS (Cassie Yates as Nun) W: David Harmon D: Cliff Bole
Peter Gunn
PETER GUNN
9-22-58 THE KILL (Pilot) W & D: Blake Edwards
9-29-58 STREETCAR JONES W: Al C. Ward D: Blake Edwards
12-22-58 SISTERS OF THE FRIENDLESS W: Henry F. Greenberg & Malvin Wald D: David Orrick McDearmon
12-29-58 THE LEAPER W: Robert Blees D: Paul Stewart
2- 2-59 MURDER ON THE MIDWAY St: Blake Edwards Scr: Blake Edwards & P.K. Palmer D: David Orrick McDearmon
2-23-59 EDIE FINDS A CORPSE St: Blake Edwards Scr: P.K. Palmer D: Walter Grauman
3- 9-59 THE UGLY FRAME St: George & Gertrude Fass Scr: George & Gertrude Fass & Lewis Reed D: Jack Arnold
3-23-59 KEEP SMILING St: Lester Pine Scr: Lester Pine & Lewis Reed D: Jack Arnold
6-15-59 THE PORTRAIT W: Irwin Winehouse & A. Sanford Wolfe D: Boris Sagal
10-12-59 THE COMIC W & D: Blake Edwards
10-19-59 DEATH IS A RED ROSE St: Blake Edwards Scr: Tony Barrett & Lewis Reed D: Boris Sagal
11-16-59 KIDNAP St: Blake Edwards Scr: Tony Barrett & Lewis Reed D: Boris Sagal
4-18-60 WINGS OF AN ANGEL W: Tony Barrett D: Lamont Johnson
12-26-60 A TENDER TOUCH W: Tony Barrett & Lewis Reed D: Robert Gist
1-30-61 DEATH IS A SORE LOSER W: Tony Barrett D: Robert Gist
3- 6-61 THE DEEP END W: Bill A. McCormack D: Robert Gist
5-22-61 A MATTER OF POLICY W: Tony Barrett & Steffi Barrett D: Robert Gist
MR. LUCKY
12-26-59 HIJACKED St: Arthur A. Ross Scr: Arthur A. Ross & Tony Barrett & Lewis Reed D: Lamont Johnson
Warner Brothers Private Eyes
77 SUNSET STRIP
11-7-58 THE BOUNCING CHIP W: Leonard Lee D: Leslie H. Martinson
11-14-58 TWO AND TWO MAKE SIX W: Frank Gruber D: James V. Kern
12-12-58 VICIOUS CIRCLE St: Jack Emanuel & James Barnett Scr: Richard Macaulay & Frederick Brady D: Leslie H. Martinson
6- 3-60 THE SILENT CAPER W & D: Roger Smith
BOURBON STREET BEAT
10-5-59 THE TASTE OF ASHES Scr: Charles Hoffman & Al C. Ward D: Leslie H. Martinson based on novel "The Taste of Ashes" (1957) by Howard Browne
10-12-59 THE MOURNING CLOAK W: Sig Herzig D: James V. Kern
10-19-59 TORCH SONG FOR TRUMPET W: James Barnett & Leo Townsend D: Leslie H. Martinson
11-9-59 THE TIGER MOTH W: Marie Baumer D: James V. Kern
1-11-60 INSIDE MAN Scr: Howard Browne D: Leslie H. Martinson based on film "White Heat"
3- 7-60 TARGET OF HATE St: Richard Matheson Scr: Richard Matheson & William L. Stuart D: Leslie H. Martinson
3-28-60 WALL OF SILENCE W: Sam Ross D: Charles R. Rondeau
4-18-60 IF A BODY St: Irving Elman Scr: Irving Elman & Charles Hoffman D: Leslie H. Martinson
5- 2-60 LAST EXIT St: Douglas Heyes Scr: W. Hermanos D: Leslie H. Martinson
SURFSIDE 6
10-3-60 COUNTRY GENTLEMAN St: M.L. Schumann Scr: M.L. Schumann & Anne Howard Bailey D: Irving J. Moore
10-17-60 THE CLOWN St: Lee Loeb Scr: Lee Loeb & Richard Lederer D: Leslie H. Martinson
HAWAIIAN EYE
12-7-60 SWAN SONG FOR A HERO St: Leonard Brown Scr: William Bruckner D: Leslie H. Martinson
Johnny Staccato
JOHNNY STACCATO
9-10-59 THE NAKED TRUTH W: Richard Berg D: Joseph Pevney
9-19-59 MURDER FOR CREDIT St: Laurence E. Mascott Scr: Richard Carr & Laurence E. Mascott D: John Cassavetes
11-26-59 THE POET'S TOUCH W: Roger Hector & Hollis Alpert D: Robert Parrish
1-21-60 NIGHT OF JEOPARDY St: Everett Chambers Scr: Richard Carr & Everett Chambers D: John Cassavetes
Honey West
HONEY WEST
This series was a spin-off from "Burke's Law".
C: Robert B. Harris
10-1-65 THE ABOMINABLE SNOWMAN W: Gwen Bagni & Paul Dubov D: Paul Wendkos
10-15-65 LIVE A LITTLE, KILL A LITTLE W: Tony Barrett D: Murray Golden
10-22-65 WHATEVER LOLA WANTS W: William Bast D: John Peyser
10-29-65 THE PRINCESS AND THE PAUPERS W: Leonard Stadd D: Virgil W. Vogel
11-19-65 A NEAT LITTLE PACKAGE W: Gwen Bagni & Paul Dubov D: Murray Golden
12-31-65 A NICE LITTLE TILL TO TAP W: Tony Barrett D: Jerry Hopper
1-14-66 KING OF THE MOUNTAIN W: Jay Simms D: Thomas Carr
1-28-66 THE PERFECT UN-CRIME W: Ken Kolb D: Sidney Miller
2- 4-66 LIKE VISIONS AND OMENS AND ALL THAT JAZZ W: Tony Barrett D: John Florea
2-18-66 COME TO ME MY LITIGATION BABY W: Gwen Bagni & Paul Dubov D: Thomas Carr
3- 4-66 THE FUN-FUN KILLER W: Arthur Weingarten D: Murray Golden
3-18-66 LITTLE GREEN ROBIN HOOD W: Ken Kolb D: Sidney Miller
3-25-66 JUST THE BEAR FACTS, MA'AM W: Gwen Bagni & Paul Dubov D: James H. Brown
4- 1-66 THERE'S A LONG, LONG, FUSE A'BURNING W: Gwen Bagni & Paul Dubov D: Thomas Carr
Mannix
Please see my article on Mannix
MANNIX
9-28-68 THE SILENT CRY W: Arthur Weiss D: Don Taylor
11-9-68 EDGE OF THE KNIFE W: Stephen Kandel D: Stuart Hagmann
12-7-68 NIGHT OUT OF TIME St: Jerome Ross Scr: Jerome Ross & Warren Duff D: John Llewellyn Moxey
12-14-68 A VIEW OF NOWHERE St: Stephen Kandel & Stanley Adams & George F. Slavin Scr: Stephen Kandel D: John Llewellyn Moxey
1-25-69 SHADOW OF A MAN W: Stephen Kandel D: Sutton Roley
2- 1-69 THE GIRL WHO CAME IN WITH THE TIDE W: Ben Roberts & Don Mankiewicz D: Gerald Mayer
10-18-69 PLAYGROUND W: Ed Adamson D: Paul Krasny
11-8-69 A SLEEP IN THE DEEP W: John Meredyth Lucas D: Gerald Mayer
11-22-69 MEMORY: ZERO W: Lionel E. Siegel & Hendrik Vollaerts D: Harry Harvey Jr.
12-6-69 THE SOUND OF DARKNESS W: Barry Trivers D: Corey Allen
3- 7-70 MURDER REVISITED St: Ed Adamson & Orville H. Hampton Scr: Ed Adamson D: Harvey Hart
10-10-70 FIGURES IN A LANDSCAPE W: Donn Mullally D: Paul Krasny
11-14-70 SUNBURST W: Stephen Kandel D: John Llewellyn Moxey
1- 9-71 WHAT HAPPENED TO SUNDAY? W: Frank Telford D: Paul Krasny
2- 6-71 A GATHERING OF GHOSTS St: Max Hodge Scr: John Meredyth Lucas D: Reza Badiyi
2-20-71 VOICE IN THE DARK W: Edward J. Lakso D: Paul Krasny
9-15-71 DARK SO EARLY, DARK SO LONG W: Robert W. Lenski D: John Llewellyn Moxey
9-22-71 COLD TRAIL St: Boris Sobelman & Ed Waters Scr: Ed Waters D: Barry Crane
10-13-71 WOMAN IN THE SHADOWS W: Karl Tunberg D: Paul Krasny
10-27-71 RUN TILL DARK W: Daniel B. Ullman D: Murray Golden
2- 9-72 A WALK IN THE SHADOWS W: Edward J. Lakso D: Paul Krasny
2-16-72 LIFELINE W: Daniel B. Ullman D: Leslie H. Martinson
11-19-72 HARVEST OF DEATH W: Jerry Thomas D: Paul Krasny
12-3-72 LOST SUNDAY St: Ellis Marcus Scr: Marcus & Alex Hayes D: Reza Badiyi
Cannon
CANNON
10-5-71 COUNTRY BLUES W: Ronald Austin & James D. Buchanan D: Allen Reisner
11-9-71 DEAD PIGEON St: George Kirgo & James D. Buchanan & Ronald Austin Scr: James D. Buchanan & Ronald Austin D: Don Taylor
1-31-73 MOVING TARGET W: Worley Thorne D: Lawrence Dobkin
2-14-3 TO RIDE A TIGER W: Robert W. Lenski D: Virgil W. Vogel
2-28-73 THE SEVENTH GRAVE W: E. Arthur Kean D: John Badham
10-31-73 PERFECT ALIBI W: Jack Guss & Ray Brenner D: Robert Douglas
9-18-74 THE HIT MAN W: Robert Heverly D: William Wiard
12-4-74 THE SOUNDS OF SILENCE St: Stephen Kandel Scr: Stephen Kandel & Anthony Spinner D: George McCowan
12-18-74 DADDY'S LITTLE GIRL W: Larry Alexander D: Leslie H. Martinson
2- 5-75 MISSING AT FL307 W: Carey Wilber D: William Wiard
12-17-75 THE GAMES CHILDREN PLAY St: Jack Turley Scr: Albert Aley D: William Wiard
2-11-76 SNAPSHOT W: Leonard Kantor D: Michael Caffey
U.N.C.L.E.
THE MAN FROM U.N.C.L.E.
10-20-64 THE DEADLY GAMES AFFAIR W: Dick Nelson D: Alvin Ganzer
10-27-64 THE GREEN OPAL AFFAIR W: Robert E. Thompson D: John Peyser
2- 8-65 THE SECRET SCEPTRE AFFAIR W: Anthony Spinner D: Mark Daniels
3- 1-65 THE SEE PARIS AND DIE AFFAIR St: Peter Allan Fields & Sheldon Stark Scr: Fields D: Alf Kjellin
3-15-65 THE HONG KONG SHILLING AFFAIR (Glenn Corbett as an American in Hong Kong) W: Alan Caillou D: Alvin Ganzer
3-22-65 THE NEVER-NEVER AFFAIR (Barbara Feldon & Caesar Romero) W: Dean Hargrove D: Joseph Sargent
11-12-65 THE DEADLY TOYS AFFAIR (Jay North as child genius) W: Robert Hill D: John Brahm
4- 8-66 THE MINUS-X AFFAIR W: Peter Allan Fields D: Barry Shear
4-15-66 THE INDIAN AFFAIRS AFFAIR W: Dean Hargrove D: Alf Kjellin
9-23-66 THE SORT OF DO IT YOURSELF DREADFUL AFFAIR W: Harlan Ellison D: E. Darrell Hallenbeck
4-14-67 THE CAP AND GOWN AFFAIR W: Stanford Sherman D: George Waggner
10-16-67 THE MASTER'S TOUCH AFFAIR W: Boris Sobelman D: John Brahm
THE GIRL FROM U.N.C.L.E.
1-17-67 THE MOULIN RUSE AFFAIR St: Jay Simms Scr: Simms & Fred Eggers D: Barry Shear
2-7-67 THE FOUNTAIN OF YOUTH AFFAIR St: Robert Bloch & Richard De Roy Scr: Richard De Roy D: E. Darrell Hallenbeck
3-28-67 THE U.N.C.L.E. SAMURAI AFFAIR (Story) W: Tony Barrett D: Alf Kjellin
Spies
IT TAKES A THIEF
C: Burton Miller
2-20-68 TOTALLY BY DESIGN St; Alvin Sapinsley Scr; Dean Hargrove & Alvin Sapinsley D: Michael Caffey
2-27-68 WHEN THIEVES FALL IN W: Leslie Stevens D: Don Weis
10-1-68 A SOUR NOTE St: Gene L. Coon & Mort Zarcoff Scr: Gene L. Coon D: Don Weis
1-26-70 TOUCH OF MAGIC W: Oscar Brodney D: Gerd Oswald
MISSION IMPOSSIBLE
9-25-71 ENCORE (William Shatner) W: Harold Livingston D: Paul Krasny
ASSIGNMENT VIENNA
1-13-73 THERE WAS AN OLD WOMAN W: Mark Rogers D: Alexander Singer
Lawyers
PUBLIC DEFENDER
8-16-54 THINK NO EVIL W: Wiliiam P. Rousseau D: Budd Boetticher
MYSTERY WRITERS THEATRE
6-29-57 AND THE BIRDS STILL SING Scr: Gene Wang D: Gerd Oswald based on a story by: Craig Rice
LOCK UP
2- 6-60 THE CASE OF FRANK CROTTY W: Tom Gries D: Otto Lang
THE DEFENDERS
1-25-61 THE TREADMILL W: Peter Stone & James Yaffe D: Don Richardson
11-24-62 THE INVISIBLE BADGE W: William Woolfolk D: John Newland
12-22-62 GRANDMA TNT W: David Karp D: Elliot Silverstein
4-20-63 JUDGMENT EVE W: Reginald Rose D: David Greene
12-21-63 OLD LADY IRONSIDES W: Robert Van Scoyk D: Paul Bogart
CAIN'S HUNDRED
2- 6-62 MURDR BY PROXY: EARL KLEGG W: Franklin Barton D: Elliot Silverstein
4-10-62 INSIDE TRACK W: S.S. Schweitzer D: John Peyser
PILOTS
9-9-68 HIGHER AND HIGHER, ATTORNEYS AT LAW W: Irving Gaynor Nieman D: Paul Bogart Created by: Nieman & Jacqueline Babbin
THE D.A.
10-22-71 THE PEOPLE VERSUS SLOVICK W: Stephen J. Cannell D: Harry Harris
THE EDDIE CAPRA MYSTERIES
10-6-78 MURDER ON THE FLIP SIDE W: Lee Sheldon D: Nicholas Sgarro
Perry Mason
PERRY MASON
Please see my article on mystery writer Erle Stanley Gardner.
5-28-60 THE CASE OF THE IRATE INVENTOR W: Marianne Mosner & Francis Rosenwald D: Gerald Mayer
4- 8-61 THE CASE OF THE COWARDLY LION W: Jonathan Latimer D: Arthur Marks
5-20-61 THE CASE OF THE DUPLICATE DAUGHTER Scr: Samuel Newman D: Arthur Marks based on the 1960 novel by Erle Stanley Gardner
4-28-62 THE CASE OF THE COUNTERFEIT CRANK W: Robert Leslie Bellem D: Jerry Hopper
11-1-62 THE CASE OF THE DODGING DOMINO W: Charles Lang D: Arthur Marks
1- 3-63 THE CASE OF THE SHOPLIFTER'S SHOE Scr: Jackson Gillis D: Arthur Marks based on the 1938 novel by Erle Stanley Gardner
1-31-63 THE CASE OF CONSTANT DOYLE W: Jackson Gillis D: Allen H. Miner
10-15-64 THE CASE OF THE SLEEPY SLAYER W: Samuel Newman D: Jesse Hibbs
9-19-65 THE CASE OF THE FATAL FORTUNE W: William Bast D: Arthur Marks
10-31-65 THE CASE OF THE 12TH WILDCAT W: Ernest Frankel D: Jesse Hibbs
THE NEW PERRY MASON
1-20-74 THE CASE OF THE VIOLENT VALLEY (Strikers; series pilot) W: William Bast D: Herb Wallerstein
PERRY MASON
1-21-90 THE CASE OF THE POISONED PEN W: George Eckstein D: Christian I. Nyby II
3-11-90 THE CASE OF THE DESPERATE DECEPTION W: George Eckstein D: Christian I. Nyby II
Alfred Hitchcock
Please see my articles on Alfred Hitchcock, Joseph M. Newman, Charlotte Armstrong.
ALFRED HITCHCOCK PRESENTS
Ph: Lionel Lindon
11-13-55 BREAKDOWN St: Louis Pollock Scr: Francis Cockrell & Louis Pollock D: Alfred Hitchcock
12-11-55 GUILTY WITNESS Scr: Robert C. Dennis D: Robert Stevens based on a story by: Morris Hershman
2-24-57 THE END OF INDIAN SUMMER Scr: James Cavanagh D: Robert Stevens based on a story by: Maurice Baudin Jr.
3-17,24,31-57 I KILLED THE COUNT Scr: Francis Cockrell D: Robert Stevens based on a story by: Alec Coppel
3-16-58 THE FOGHORN Scr: Frank Gabrielson D: Robert Stevens based on a story by: Gertrude Atherton
9-27-59 ARTHUR Scr: James Cavanagh D: Alfred Hitchcock based on a story by: Arthur Williams
10-11-60 VERY MORAL THEFT St: Jack Dillon Scr: Allan Gordon D: Norman Lloyd
10-25-60 THE FIVE-FORTY-EIGHT Scr: Charlotte Armstrong D: John Brahm based on a story by: John Cheever
3-14-61 THE HORSEPLAYER W: Henry Slesar D: Alfred Hitchcock
11-7-61 KEEP ME COMPANY W: Henry Slesar based on his story D: Alan Crosland Jr.
THE ALFRED HITCHCOCK HOUR
3- 1-63 DIAGNOSIS: DANGER W: Roland Kibbee D: Sydney Pollack
10-11-62 I SAW THE WHOLE THING Scr: Henry Slesar D: Alfred Hitchcock based on a story by: Henry Cecil
3-10-63 DEAR UNCLE GEORGE St: Richard Link & William Levinson Scr: James Bridges & Richard Link & William Levinson D: Joseph M. Newman
3-24-63 DEATH OF A COP Scr: Leigh Brackett D: Joseph M. Newman based on the novel by: Douglas Warner
4-12-63 DEATH AND THE JOYFUL WOMAN Scr: James Bridges D: John Brahm based on the novel by: Edith Pargeter
1-10-64 THE GENTLEMAN CALLER Scr: James Bridges D: Joseph M. Newman based on a story by: Veronica Parker Johns
12-21-64 MEMO FROM PURGATORY W: Harlan Ellison D: Joseph Pevney
Danger Man / Secret Agent
DANGER MAN / SECRET AGENT
9-11-60 VIEW FROM THE VILLA W: Brian Clemens and Ralph Smart D: Terry Bishop
9-18-60 TIME TO KILL (Series pilot) W: Brian Clemens and Ian Stuart Black D: Ralph Smart
9-25-60 JOSETTA W: Ralph Smart D: Michael Truman
10-30-60 THE LONELY CHAIR W: John Roddick and Ralph Smart D: Charles Frend
11-6-60 THE SANCTUARY W: John Roddick and Ralph Smart D: Charles Frend
11-20-60 THE KEY St: Ralph Smart Scr: Jack Whittingham D: Seth Holt
12-4-60 THE PRISONER W: Ralph Smart and Robert Stewart D: Terry Bishop
12-18-60 COLONEL RODRIGUEZ W: Ralph Smart D: Julian Aymes
1-15-61 THE GIRL WHO LIKED GIs W: Marc Brandel and Ralph Smart D: Michael Truman
2- 5-61 THE CONSPIRATORS W: Ralph Smart and John Roddick D: Michael Truman
4-9-61 THE GALLOWS TREE W: Ralph Smart and Marc Brandel D: Michael Truman
4-16-61 THE RELAXED INFORMER W: Ralph Smart and Robert Stewart D: Anthony Bushell
5-21-61 THE CONTESSA W: John Roddick and Ralph Smart D: Terry Bishop
11-24-64 THE COLONEL'S DAUGHTER W: David Weir D: Philip Leacock
12-8-64 NO MARKS FOR SERVILITY W: Ralph Smart D: Don Chaffey
12-29-64 A DATE WITH DORIS W: Philip Broadley D: Quentin Lawrence
1- 5-5 THAT'S TWO OF US SORRY W: Jan Read D: Quentin Lawrence
1-12-65 SUCH MEN ARE DANGEROUS W: Ralph Smart D: Don Chaffey
2- 2-65 A ROOM IN THE BASEMENT W: Ralph Smart D: Don Chaffey
3-16-65 PARALLEL LINES SOMETIMES MEET W: Malcolm Hulke D: Don Chaffey
11-25-65 ENGLISH LADY TAKES LODGERS W: David Stone D: Michael Truman
Mystery: British Isles
COLONEL MARCH OF SCOTLAND YARD
2-18-56 THE SILVER CURTAIN Scr: Leslie Slote D: Bernard Knowles based on the short story by John Dickson Carr.
MAIGRET
12-12-60 A MAN OF QUALITY Scr: Giles Cooper D: Gerard Glaister based on the novel M. Gallet décédé (Maigret Stonewalled) (1931) by Georges Simenon
1-16-61 THE CACTUS Scr: Roger Burford D: Eric Tayler based on the novel Maigret en meublé (Maigret Takes a Room) (1951) by Georges Simenon
THE SAINT
12-20-62 THE CHARITABLE COUNTESS Scr: Gerald Kelsey & Dick Sharples D: Jeremy Summers based on the story by: Leslie Charteris
11-13-64 THE SAINT STEPS IN Scr: John Kruse D: John Gilling based on the novel by: Leslie Charteris
GIDEON'S WAY
10-17-64 THE 'V' MEN St: John Creasey, based on his novel "Gideon's Vote" (1964) Scr: Alun Falconer D: Cyril Frankel
12-5-64 THE LADY-KILLER St: John Creasey, based on his novel "Gideon's Month" (1958) Scr: David T. Chantler D: Leslie Norman
2- 3-65 THE THIN RED LINE W: Iain MacCormick D: Cyril Frankel
THE AVENGERS
1-18-67 THE FEAR MERCHANTS W: Phillip Levine D: Gordon Flemyng
1-25-67 ESCAPE IN TIME W: Phillip Levine D: John Krish
2-15-67 THE WINGED AVENGER W: Richard Harris D: Peter Duffell & Gordon Flemyng
4-15-67 A FUNNY THING HAPPENED ON THE WAY TO THE STATION (Warren: Dyson Lovell) W: "Brian Sheriff" (Roger Marshall & Brian Clemens) D: John Krish
10-30-68 SUPER-SECRET CYPHER SNATCH W: Tony Williamson D: John Hough
THE PERSUADERS!
10- 9-71 THE MAN IN THE MIDDLE (Terry Thomas) W: Donald James D: Leslie Norman
Westerns: Overview and Bookmarks
These bookmarks take you to sections of this article:
Best Western TV Shows: Westerns: Black & White | Gunsmoke | Wyatt Earp | Have Gun - Will Travel | Rawhide | Jim Bowie | Bat Masterson | Wagon Train | Cheyenne | Maverick | Lawman | The Rifleman | The Virginian | The Big Valley | Bonanza | Laredo | The Wild Wild West | Alias Smith and Jones | Westerns: Color | Wildside | The Young Riders | Westerns, 1980-1993
Western works that also serve as mystery stories are marked with a *.
Please see this list of links, to my articles on Television Westerns. Please see also my list of Television Westerns on Civil Rights.
Westerns: Black & White
CISCO KID
1-18-53 GUN TOTIN' PAPA (A clerk is mistaken for an outlaw) W: J. Benton Cheney D: Sobey Martin
3- 1-53 THE PHOTO STUDIO (A lawman is killed while being photographed) W: J. Benton Cheney D: Sobey Martin
GENE AUTRY
12-22-51 GALLOPING HOOFS W: Dwight Cummins D: George Archainbaud
2- 1-52 THE WESTERN WAY W: Norman Hall D: George Archainbaud
9-22-53 STEEL RIBBON W: Robert Schaefer & Eric Freiwald D: William Berke
8-24-54 THE CARNIVAL COMES WEST W: Buckey Angell D: Ross Lederman (Clayton Moore as carnival owner)
9-29-54 BOOTS AND BALLOTS W: Robert Schaefer & Eric Freiwald D: George Archainbaud
10-2-54 OUTLAW WARNING W: Robert Schaefer & Eric Freiwald D: George Archainbaud
10-29-55 THE GOLDEN CHARIOT W: Maurice Geraghty D: Ray Nazarro
THE RANGE RIDER
53 MARSHAL FROM MADERO W: Joseph F. Poland D: William Berke
53 THE CHASE W: Edward Llewellyn D: Frank McDonald
53 OUTLAW TERRITORY W: Oliver Drake D: William Berke
COWBOY G-MEN
1-17-53 HANG THE JURY St: Henry B. Donovan Scr: Orville H. Hampton D: Reg Browne
SCHLITZ PLAYHOUSE
7-24-53 KNAVE OF HEARTS W: Herbert Moulton & Robert Leslie Bellem D: Ted Post
STAGE 7
5- 8-55 BILLY AND THE BRIDE St: Joseph Cochran Scr: Joseph Cochran & Laszlo Gorog D: Roy Kellino
LUKE AND THE TENDERFOOT
8- 6-55 THE BOSTON KID W: and Producer: Steve Fisher D: Montgomery Pittman
FRONTIER
9-25-55 PAPER GUNMAN W: and Creator: Morton S. Fine & David Friedkin D: Don Siegel
3- 4-56 THE ASSASSIN W: and Creator: Morton S. Fine & David Friedkin D: Bernard L. Kowalski
TALES OF WELLS FARGO
3-24-58 THE NEWSPAPER W: Steve Fisher D: Earl Bellamy
3-31-58 SPECIAL DELIVERY W: Samuel A. Peeples D: Earl Bellamy
TRACKDOWN
C: Robert B. Harris
2- 7-58 YOUNG GUN W: Daniel B. Ullman D: Thomas Carr
5- 9-58 THE END OF THE WORLD W: John Robinson D: Don McDougall
9- 9-59 BACK TO CRAWFORD W: Robert Culp D: R.G. Springsteen
WANTED: DEAD OR ALIVE
C: Robert B. Harris
1-10-59 SIX-UP TO BANNACH W: John Robinson D: Thomas Carr
3-14-59 RAILROADED W: D.D. Beauchamp & Mary M. Beauchamp D: Thomas Carr
3-21-59 DOUBLE FEE W: Ellis Marcus D: Don McDougall
1- 2-60 MENTAL LAPSE St: William F. Nolan Scr: John Tomerlin D: Thomas Carr
1-30-60 JASON St: John Robinson Scr: D. D. Beauchamp & Mary M. Beauchamp D: George Blair
10-19-60 THE TWAIN SHALL MEET W: Norman Katkov D: Richard Donner
PONY EXPRESS
59 WRONG ROPE W: Budd Lesser D: Jean Yarbrough *
THE WESTERNER
10-21-60 BROWN W: Bruce Geller D: Sam Peckinpah
11-11-60 THE COURTING OF LIBBY W: Bruce Geller D: Sam Peckinpah
12-30-60 THE PAINTING W: Bruce Geller D: Sam Peckinpah
WHISPERING SMITH
10-2-61 THE INTERPRETER W: Lawrence Menkin D: Christian Nyby
THE DEPUTY
C: Vincent Dee
2-11-61 THE SHACKLED TOWN W: Clarke Reynolds D: Tay Garnett
4- 8-61 TENSION POINT W: Clarke Reynolds D: Tay Garnett
THE REBEL
3-27-60 FAIR GAME W: Richard Newman D: Irvin Kershner *
DESTRY
3-13-64 THE NICEST GIRL IN GOMORRAH (Patricia Barry) W: Dave Lewis and Andy Lewis D: Bernard Girard
DANIEL BOONE
12-10-64 POMPEY D: David Duncan D: Joseph H. Lewis
10-10-68 THE DANDY (David Watson as artist) W: Merwin Gerard D: William Wiard
BRANDED
1-31-65 THE VINDICATORS W: Larry Cohen D: Joseph H. Lewis
3- 7-65 COWARD STEPS ASIDE St: Larry Cohen Scr: John Wilder & Jerry Ziegman D: Harry Harris
Gunsmoke
GUNSMOKE
12-24-55 MAGNUS St: John Meston D: Charles Marquis Warren
12-1-56 GREATER LOVE St: John Meston Scr: Winston Miller D: Ted Post
8-18-56 UNMARKED GRAVE W: Herbert Little, Jr. & David Victor D: Ted Post
4- 6-57 THE PHOTOGRAPHER W: John Dunkel D: William D. Russell
12-7-57 COWS AND CRIBS St: John Meston Scr: Kathleen Hite D: Richard Whorf
12-21-57 KITTY LOST W: John Meston D: Ted Post
12-13-58 ROBBER BRIDEGROOM W: John Meston D: Richard Whorf
2- 7-59 KITTY'S REBELLION St: Marian Clark Scr: John Meston D: Jesse Hibbs
4- 4-59 FAWN W: John Meston D: Andrew V. McLaglen
4-18-59 MURDER WARRANT W: John Meston D: Andrew V. McLaglen
10-3-59 JOHNNY RED St: Les Crutchfield Scr: John Meston D: Buss Kulik
10-31-59 SALUDOS St: Les Crutchfield Scr: John Meston D: Andrew V. McLaglen *
12-26-59 THICK 'N' THIN St: Les Crutchfield Scr: John Meston D: Stuart Heisler
3-18-61 OLD FACES W: John Meston D: Harry Harris
12-3-61 A MAN A DAY W: John Meston D: Harry Harris *
10-13-62 JENNY W: John Meston D: Andrew V. McLaglen
1-26-63 THE BAD ONE W: Gwen Bagni D: Charles Martin
3-23-63 I CALL HIM WONDER W: Kathleen Hite D: Harry Harris
1-23-65 ONE KILLER ON ICE W: Richard Carr D: Joseph H. Lewis *
1-30-65 CHIEF JOSEPH St: Thomas Warner Scr: Clyde Ware D: Mark Rydell
2- 7-72 YANKTON W: Jim Byrnes D: Vincent McEvetty
The Life and Adventures of Wyatt Earp
THE LIFE AND LEGEND OF WYATT EARP
C: Douglas Stevens
9- 6-55 WYATT EARP BECOMES A MARSHAL W: Frederick Hazlitt Brennan D: Lewis R. Foster
9-13-55 MR. EARP MEETS A LADY W: Frederick Hazlitt Brennan D: Frank McDonald
10-11-55 THE MAN WHO LIED (Wyatt's costume, hired gun) W: Frederick Hazlitt Brennan D: Frank McDonald
11-15-55 KING OF THE CATTLE TRAILS (Big time Texan tries to corrupt Earp) St: Frank Gruber Scr: Frederick Hazlitt Brennan D: Frank McDonald
12-27-55 BEN THOMPSON RETURNS (Good-hearted crook determined to be Wyatt's friend) W: Frederick Hazlitt Brennan D: Frank McDonald
2- 7-56 THE FRONTIER THEATER (Stage troupe comes to Wichita) W: Frederick Hazlitt Brennan D: Frank McDonald
2-21-56 THE ENGLISHMAN (English visitor deceived by outlaw) St: Buck Houghton Scr: Frederick Hazlitt Brennan D: Frank McDonald
12-25-56 JUSTICE (Justice for the Cheyenne) W: Frederick Hazlitt Brennan D: Frank McDonald
1-15-57 WYATT AND THE CAPTAIN (Cavalry feels it can murder Indians) W: Maurice Tombragel D: Frank McDonald
2-19-57 COMMAND PERFORMANCE (Visiting prince, hoaxes) W: Daniel B. Ullman D: Frank McDonald
12-24-57 SHADOW OF A MAN (Deputy faces solo test) W: Frederick Hazlitt Brennan D: Frank McDonald
3-11-58 THE SCHOOLTEACHER (Stagecoach robbery) W: Daniel B. Ullman D: Frank McDonald *
10-7-58 CAUGHT BY A WHISKER (Bank robbery and ingenious plots) W: Frederick Hazlitt Brennan D: Frank McDonald
10-14-58 THE MYSTERIOUS COWHAND (Wyatt undercover on cattle drive) W: Frederick Hazlitt Brennan D: Frank McDonald
3-17-59 ONE MURDER - FIFTY SUSPECTS (Hated loan shark murdered) W: Frederick Hazlitt Brennan D: Frank McDonald *
3-31-59 THE JUDAS GOAT (Entrapment of alleged gang) W: Frederick Hazlitt Brennan D: Frank McDonald
(Girl loves Earp's brother) W: Frederick Hazlitt Brennan D: Sidney Salkow
Have Gun - Will Travel
HAVE GUN - WILL TRAVEL
Please see my articles on Lamont Johnson, Ida Lupino.
10-19-57 THE BRIDE W: Steve Fisher D: Andrew V. McLaglen
11-30-57 NO VISITORS W: Don Brinkley D: Andrew V. McLaglen
12-21-57 THE HANGING CROSS W: Gene Roddenberry D: Andrew V. McLaglen
12-28-57 HELEN OF ABAJINIAN W: Gene Roddenberry D: Andrew V. McLaglen
3-15-58 THE TEACHER W: Sam Rolfe D: Lamont Johnson
3-22-58 KILLER'S WIDOW W: Albert Aley D: Andrew V. McLaglen
3-29-58 GUN SHY St: Frank & Doris Hursley Scr: Frank & Doris Hursley & Albert Aley D: Lamont Johnson
4-26-58 THE FIVE BOOKS OF OWEN DEAVER W: Sam Rolfe D: Lamont Johnson
5- 3-58 THE SILVER QUEEN W: Albert Aley D: Lamont Johnson
6- 7-58 DELIVER THE BODY W: Buckley Angell D: Lamont Johnson
9-27-58 THE MAN WHO WOULDN'T TALK W: Fanya Foss D: Andrew V. McLaglen
10-11-58 DUEL AT FLORENCE W: Bruce Geller D: Andrew V. McLaglen
10-25-58 THE ROAD TO WICKENBURG W: Gene Roddenberry D: Andrew V. McLaglen
11-8-58 YOUNG GUN W: Albert Aley D: Lamont Johnson
5- 2-59 RETURN OF ROY CARTER W: Gene Roddenberry D: Andrew V. McLaglen
5-23-59 HOMECOMING W: Albert Aley D: Andrew V. McLaglen
12-12-59 CHARLEY RED DOG W: Gene Roddenberry D: Ida Lupino
1- 9-60 THE DAY OF THE BAD MAN W: Robert E. Thompson D: Ida Lupino
2-20-60 THE LADY ON THE WALL W: Charles Beaumont & Richard Matheson D: Ida Lupino
4- 2-60 AN INTERNATIONAL AFFAIR W: Shimon Wincelberg & Anita Wincelberg D: James Neilson
4- 9-60 LADY WITH A GUN W: Archie L. Tegland D: Ida Lupino
3-18-61 THE GOLD BAR W: Robert E. Thompson D: Ida Lupino
10-14-61 A PROOF OF LOVE W: Lou & Peggy Shaw D: Richard Boone
12-15-62 TRIAL AT TABLEROCK W: Gene Roddenberry D: Jerry Hopper
Rawhide
RAWHIDE
1-23-59 INCIDENT WITH AN EXECUTIONER W: James Edmiston D: Charles Marquis Warren *
4-17-59 INCIDENT OF THE DOG DAYS W: Samuel A. Peebles D: George Sherman
10-23-59 INCIDENT OF THE 13TH MAN St: Endre Bohem Scr: Fred Freiberger D: Jesse Hibbs
4- 1-60 INCIDENT OF THE STARGAZER St: Jan Winters & Ted Gardner Scr: Louis Vittes D: Harmon Jones
6- 2-61 INCIDENT OF THE NIGHT ON THE TOWN St: Chris Miller & Eric Fleming Scr: Louis Vittes D: Anton Leader
3-16-62 THE IMMIGRANTS W: Elliott Arnold D: Tay Garnett
4-20-62 HOUSE OF THE HUNTER W: Louis Vittes D: Tay Garnett *
11-28-63 INCIDENT AT CONFIDENCE CREEK W: Jack Turley D: Harry Harris
1- 9-64 INCIDENT OF THE RUSTY SHOTGUN W: Paul King D: Ted Post
3- 5-65 THE VIOLENT LAND W: Buckley Angell D: Harmon Jones
9-14-65 ENCOUNTER AT BOOT HILL W: Anthony Spinner D: Sutton Roley
The Adventures of Jim Bowie
THE ADVENTURES OF JIM BOWIE
10-5-56 TRAPLINE W: Nat Tanchuck D: Lewis R. Foster
11-9-56 THE SECESSIONIST W: Arthur Rowe D: Lewis R. Foster
11-23-56 THE SELECT FEMALES W: Maurice Tombragel D: Lewis R. Foster
12-14-56 THE SWORDSMAN W: Margaret Fitts D: Lewis R. Foster
1-11-57 THE BEGGAR OF NEW ORLEANS W: Endre Bohem & Louis Vittes D: Lewis R. Foster *
1-25-57 MASTER AT ARMS St; David Bohem Scr: Maurice Tombragel D: Lewis R. Foster
5- 3-57 COUNTRY COUSIN St: Samuel R. Golding, Norbert Faulkner and Everett DeBaum Scr: Everett DeBaum D: Christian Nyby
11-15-57 CHARIVARI W: Lowell S. Hawley D: Anton Leader *
1-31-58 HOME SWEET HOME W: Sid Harris D: Anton Leader
5-16-58 MAN OF THE STREETS W: Gil Orlovitz D: Anton Leader
Bat Masterson
BAT MASTERSON
Costumes: Tommy Thompson
Series based on book by Richard O'Connor
10- 8-58 DOUBLE SHOWDOWN St: Frank Pittman & Andy White Scr: Gene Levitt D: Walter Doniger
11-19-58 A NOOSE FITS ANYBODY W: John Elliotte D: Eddie Davis
12-17-58 CHEYENNE CLUB W: D. D. Beauchamp D: Walter Doniger
12-24-58 SHERMAN'S MARCH THROUGH DODGE CITY W: Maurice Tombragel D: Eddie Davis
1-7-59 DOUBLE TROUBLE IN TRINIDAD St: Richard O'Connor Scr: Mikhail Rykoff & O'Connor D: Montgomery Pittman
3-27-59 THE SECRET IS DEATH W: Mikhail Rykoff D: Otto Lang
6-10-59 PROMISED LAND W: D. D. Beauchamp D: Walter Doniger
7-15-59 THE DESERT SHIP W: Wells Root D: Walter Doniger
10-29-59 SHAKEDOWN AT ST. JOE W: Maurice Tombragel D: Alan Crosland Jr.
11-19-59 DEAD MEN DON'T PAY DEBTS W: Daniel B. Ullman D: Lew Landers
12-31-59 THE INNER CIRCLE W: Andy White D: Walter Doniger
3-10-60 THE DISAPPEARANCE OF BAT MASTERSON W: Maurice Tombragel D: Walter Doniger
6-23-60 BLOOD ON THE MONEY W: Mikhail Rykoff D: Alan Crosland Jr.
10-27-60 THE HUNTER W: Joseph Stone & Paul King D: Eddie Davis
11-17-60 DAKOTA SHOWDOWN W: Don Brinkley D: Earl Bellamy
3- 9-61 TERROR ON THE TRINITY W: Andy White D: Elliott Lewis
3-16-61 EPISODE IN EDEN W: Ellis Kadison D: Eddie Davis
5-18-61 FARMER WITH A BADGE W: Alan Woods & Monroe Manning D: Allen H. Miner
Wagon Train
WAGON TRAIN
10-16-57 THE LES RAND STORY W: Berne Giler D: Robert Florey
10-16-57 THE CHARLES AVERY STORY W: Aaron Spelling D: Bernard Girard
2-12-58 THE BILL TAWNEE STORY St; Hendrik Vollaerts Scr: Hendrik Vollaerts & Dwight Newton D: David Butler
4-16-58 THE DANIEL BARRISTER STORY W: Norman Jolley D: Richard Bartlett
6-25-58 THE SACRAMENTO STORY W: Thomas Thompson D: Richard Bartlett
12-24-58 THE MARY ELLEN THOMAS STORY St: Howard Christie & James A. Parker Scr: Gene L. Coon & Harry W. Junkin D: Virgil W. Vogel
3- 4-59 THE JASPER CATO STORY St: Frank Phares Scr: Robert Libott & Frank Phares D: Arthur Hiller
4-22-59 THE CLARA DUNCAN STORY W: Richard Collins & Warren Wilson D: Jerry Hopper
6-17-59 THE STEELE FAMILY STORY (based on Pride and Prejudice) W: Jean Holloway D: Christian Nyby
9-30-59 THE STAGECOACH STORY W: Jean Holloway D: William Witney
10-28-59 THE ELIZABETH MCQUEENY STORY W & D: Allen H. Miner
3- 2-60 THE TOM TUCKETT STORY (based on Great Expectations) W: Jean Holloway D: Herschel Daugherty
6-22-60 THE SHAD BENNINGTON STORY W: Fred Cassidy D: Joseph Pevney
10-25-61 THE CLEMENTINE JONES STORY W: Harold Swanton D: David Lowell Rich
Cheyenne
CHEYENNE
10-11-55 JULESBURG W: Charles Lang D: Richard L. Bare
12-13-55 THE OUTLANDER St: Douglas Heyes Scr: R. Wright Campbell D: Richard L. Bare *
4- 3-56 QUICKSAND St: Roy Huggins & N.B. Stone Scr: Dean Riesner & N.B. Stone D: Leslie H. Martinson
5-15-56 JOHNNY BRAVO St: Roy Huggins & Dean Riesner Scr: Riesner D: Richard L. Bare
5-29-56 THE LAST TRAIN WEST W: Jack DeWitt & Howard Browne D: Richard L. Bare (loosely based on STAGECOACH)
9-25-56 THE LONG WINTER St: Bennett Foster Scr: Montgomery Pittman D: Leslie H. Martinson
10-23-56 THE BOUNTY KILLER Scr: Berne Giler based on a story by: Steve Frazee D: Walter Doniger
12-4-56 LONE GUN St: Norman A. Fox Scr: Frederick Brady & Howard Browne D: Richard L. Bare
12-18-56 THE TRAP St: Leo Gordon Scr: Berne Giler D: Walter Doniger
1-1-57 THE IRON TRAIL St: Montgomery Pittman & Jack Emanuel Scr: Pittman D: Leslie H. Martinson *
1-15-57 LAND BEYOND THE LAW W: Howard Browne D: Walter Doniger
2-12-57 WAR PARTY W: Berne Giler D: Joseph Kane
3-12-57 BIG GHOST BASIN Scr: Wells Root based on the short story "The Fire Killer" by: Steve Frazee D: Joseph Kane *
5-7-57 THE SPANISH GRANT W: Albert Aley D: Thomas Carr
6-4-57 THE BROKEN PLEDGE W: Louis Stevens & N.B. Stone Jr. D: Leslie H. Martinson
9-24-57 INCIDENT AT INDIAN SPRINGS W: George Slavin D: Thomas Carr
10-8-57 THE CONSPIRATORS St: Donald R. Wilson Scr: James O'Hanlon D: Leslie H. Martinson
10-22-57 THE MUTTON PUNCHER W: Wells Root D: Franklin Adreon
11-5-57 BORDER AFFAIR W: James Gunn D: Leslie H. Martinson
12-3-57 TOWN OF FEAR St: Sidney Morse & Berne Giler Scr: Berne Giler D: Richard L. Bare
1-14-58 THE LAST COMANCHERO St: Peter Germano Scr: Sam Rolfe D: Douglas Heyes
1-28-58 THE GAMBLE St: L.L. Foreman Scr: Albert Aley D: Leslie H. Martinson
2-11-58 RENEGADES W: Oliver Drake D: Alan Crosland Jr.
3-11-58 WHITE WARIOR St: Barney Slater Scr: Barney Slater & Howard Browne D: Lee Sholem
4-22-58 THE LONG SEARCH W: George Slavin D: Lee Sholem
5-20-58 DEAD TO RIGHTS St: Melvin Levy Scr: Albert Aley D: Leslie H. Martinson *
10-26-59 TRIAL BY CONSCIENCE W: Alan Lipscott & Bob Fisher D: Lee Sholem
11-2-59 THE IMPOSTOR St: Finlay McDermid Scr: Thomas W. Blackburn D: Lee Sholem
11-6-59 PRISONER OF MOON MESA W: George Slavin D: Leslie Goodwins
1-4-60 GOLD, GLORY AND CUSTER - PRELUDE W: Gerald Drayson Adams D: George Waggner
1-11-60 GOLD, GLORY AND CUSTER - REQUIEM W: Gerald Drayson Adams D: George Waggner
2-1-60 RIOT AT ARROYO SECO St: Arthur W. Silver & Richard Wormser Scr: Sidney Biddell & Richard Wormser D: Lew Landers
2-29-60 OUTCAST OF CRIPPLE CREEK Scr: Ric Hardman D: Arthur Lubin
3-14-60 HOME IS THE BRAVE St: George Waggner Scr: Richard Matheson D; Emory Horger
9-26-60 THE LONG ROPE Based on novel by: William O. Turner Scr: Peter Germano & Eustace Cockrell D: Robert B. Sinclair
5-15-61 THE GREATER GLORY W: Warren Douglas D: Lee Sholem
11-13-61 RETALIATION W: Arnold Belgard D: Paul Landres
12-4-61 LEGACY OF THE LOST W: Arnold Belgard D: Richard C. Sarafian
10-15-62 MAN ALONE W: Warren Douglas D: Robert Sparr
1-29-62 THE IDOL W: Fred Freiberger & Bob Wehling D: George Waggner
11-5-62 DARK DECISION St: Gerald Drayson Adams & Peter Germano Scr: Peter Germano D: Robert Sparr
11-26-62 VENGEANCE IS MINE St: Berne Giler Scr: Berne Giler & Warren Douglas D: Robert Sparr
12-1-62 WANTED FOR THE MURDER OF CHEYENNE BODIE St: Joyce Fierro Scr: Richard Collins D: Paul Landres *
12-17-62 SHOWDOWN AT OXBEND W: Jack R. Usher D: Richard L. Bare *
SUGARFOOT
9-17-57 BRANNIGAN'S BOOTS Scr: Devery Freeman (based on screenplay of "The Boy from Oklahoma") D: Leslie H. Martinson *
BRONCO
4-21-59 SCHOOL FOR COWARDS W: George F. Slavin D: Lee Sholem
9-22-59 GAME AT THE BEACON CLUB St: Arthur W. Silver Scr: Jackson Gillis D: Arthur Lubin
12-15-59 FLIGHT FROM AN EMPIRE St: James Gunn Scr; Albert Aley D: Edward Dein
Maverick
MAVERICK
9-22-57 WAR OF THE SILVER KINGS Scr: James O'Hanlon based on a book by: C.B. Glasscock D: Budd Boetticher
9-29-57 POINT BLANK Scr: Roy Huggins based on a screenplay by: Howard Browne D: Budd Boetticher
10-6-57 ACCORDING TO HOYLE St: Horace McCoy Scr: Russell S. Hughes D: Budd Boetticher
10-13-57 GHOST RIDER W: Marion Hargrove D: Leslie H. Martinson *
1-12-58 RAGE FOR VENGEANCE Scr: Marion Hargrove D: Leslie H. Martinson *
2-28-58 THE BURNING SKY St: Howard Browne Scr: Russell S. Hughes D: Gordon Douglas
3-16-58 BLACK FIRE St: Howard Browne Scr: Marion Hargrove D: Leslie H. Martinson *
4-13-58 SEED OF DECEPTION W: Montgomery Pittman D: Richard L. Bare
10-12-58 THE BELCASTLE BRAND W: Marion Hargrove D: Leslie H. Martinson
11- 9-58 THE JAIL AT JUNCTION FLATS St: Elmer Kelton Scr: Marion Hargrove D: Walter Doniger
11-23-58 SHADY DEAL AT SUNNY ACRES St: Douglas Heyes Scr: Roy Huggins D: Leslie H. Martinson
11-30-58 ISLAND IN THE SWAMP W & D: Montgomery Pittman
12-28-58 HOLIDAY AT HOLLOW ROCK W: Howard Browne D: Richard L. Bare
1-11-59 GUN-SHY W: Marion Hargrove D: Leslie H. Martinson *
1-18-58 TWO BEGGARS ON HORSEBACK W & D: Douglas Heyes
1-25-59 THE RIVALS W: Marion Hargrove D: Leslie H. Martinson
2- 1-59 DUEL AT SUNDOWN St: Howard Browne Scr: Richard Collins D: Arthur Lubin
2-15-59 THE SAGA OF WACO WILLIAMS St: Montgomery Pittman Scr: Gene L. Coon D: Leslie H. Martinson
3-15-59 TWO TICKETS TO TEN STRIKE W & D: Douglas Heyes *
3-22-59 BETRAYAL St: Winston Miller Scr: Richard Macaulay & James O'Hanlon D: Leslie H. Martinson *
3-29-59 THE STRANGE JOURNEY OF JENNY HILL W & D: Douglas Heyes
9-13-59 PAPPY W & D: Montgomery Pittman
9-27-59 THE SHERIFF OF DUCK 'N' SHOOT W: William Driskill D: George Waggner
10-18-59 A TALE OF THREE CITIES St: Robert Vincent Wright Scr: Leo Townsend D: Leslie H. Martinson
10-25-59 FULL HOUSE St: Hugh Benson & Coles Trapnell Scr: Jerry Davis D: Robert Gordon
11-15-59 EASY MARK St: Jack Emanuel Scr: Jerry Davis & Marion Parsonnet D: Lew Landers
11-22-59 A FELLOW'S BROTHER W: Herman Epstein D: Leslie Goodwins
12-13-59 THE GOOSE-DROWNDER W: Leonard Praskins D: Arthur Lubin *
12-20-59 A CURE FOR JOHNNY RAIN W: Leonard Praskins D: Montgomery Pittman
1-10-60 CRUISE OF THE CYNTHIA B W: Robert Wright D: André De Toth
2-14-60 A FLOCK OF TROUBLE St: James Barnett Scr; Ron Bishop & Wells Root D: Arthur Lubin
3- 6-60 THE MISFORTUNE TELLER W: Leo Townsend D: Arthur Lubin
3-13-60 GREENBACKS, UNLIMITED W: Robert Vincent Wright D: Arthur Lubin
9-25-60 HADLEY'S HUNTERS St: William Henderson & Jeanne Nolan Scr: Patrick Wallace D: Leslie H. Martinson
10-30-60 A BULLET FOR THE TEACHER St: Barry Cohon & Larry Franklin Scr: Leo Gordon & Paul Leslie Peil D: Coles Trapnell
2-19-61 FLOOD'S FOLLY St: George F. Slavin & Don Tait & Coles Trapnell Scr: George F. Slavin D: Irving J. Moore *
3-26-61 THE FORBIDDEN CITY St: Don Tait & Coles Trapnell Scr: Wells Root D: Richard C. Sarafian *
11-12-61 THREE QUEENS FULL St: William Bruckner & Robert Hamner Scr: William Bruckner D: Michael O'Herlihy
3-11-62 MARSHAL MAVERICK St: Arnold Belgard Scr: Belgard & James O'Hanlon D: Sidney Salkow
Lawman
LAWMAN
10-5-58 THE DEPUTY Scr: Dean Riesner D: Montgomery Pittman based on novel by: Harry Whittington
10-26-58 THE OATH St: Irving Rubine Scr: William F. Leicester D: Leslie H. Martinson
12-7-58 THE INTRUDERS St: David Lang Scr: David Lang & Edmund Morris D: Stuart Heisler
12-14-58 SHORT STRAW W: Clair Huffaker D: Stuart Heisler
1- 4-59 THE OUTSIDER W: William F. Leicester D: Stuart Heisler
3- 8-59 THE POSSE W: William F. Leicester D: Stuart Heisler
3-15-59 THE VISITOR W: Edmund Morris D: Stuart Heisler
3-29-59 THE GANG W: Clair Huffaker D: Stuart Heisler
4-19-59 RIDING SHOTGUN Scr: William F. Leicester D: Alan Crosland Jr. based on a story by: Kenneth Perkins
5-31-59 THE BANDIT W: Oliver Crawford D: Lee Sholem
10-18-59 SHACKLED W: William F. Leicester D: Leslie H. Martinson
11-7-59 THE BREAKUP W: Clair Huffaker D: Paul Guilfoyle
11-15-59 SHADOW WITNESS W: William F. Leicester D: Everett Sloane
12-6-59 9:05 TO NORTH PLATTE W: Clair Huffaker D: Robert Sparr
1- 3-60 LAST STOP W: Clair Huffaker D: Robert Sparr
2- 7-60 TO CAPTURE THE WEST W: Clair Huffaker D: Robert Sparr
2-21-60 THE KIDS W: Ric Hardman D: Robert Sparr
3- 6-60 THE TRUCE W: Ric Hardman D: Robert Sparr
3-27-60 THE LEFT HAND OF THE LAW St: Margaret Armen Scr: Edmund Morris D: Robert Sparr
4-24-60 THE SALVATION OF OWNY O'REILLY W: Ric Hardman D: Robert Sparr
5- 1-60 THE LADY BELLE W: Ric Hardman D: Robert Sparr
5-22-60 MAN ON A WIRE W: W. Hermanos D: Robert Sparr
5-29-60 THE PARTING W: David Lang D: Robert Sparr
10-2-60 THE MAD BUNCH W: Ric Hardman D: Robert Sparr
10-9-60 THE OLD WAR HORSE W: Ric Hardman D: Robert Sparr
10-16-60 THE RETURN OF OWNY O'REILLY W: Ric Hardman D: Stuart Heisler
10-30-60 DILEMMA W: William F. Leicester D: Robert B. Sinclair
12-11-60 CORNERED W: Richard Matheson D: Marc Lawrence
1- 8-61 FIREHOUSE LIL W: Ric Hardman D: Leslie H. Martinson
2- 5-61 HOMECOMING W: Richard Matheson D: Robert B. Sinclair
2-12-61 HASSAYAMPA W: Ric Hardman D: Marc Lawrence
2-19-61 THE PROMOTER W: Howard Browne D: Leslie H. Martinson
2-26-61 DETWEILER'S KID W: Ric Hardman D: Marc Lawrence
3- 5-61 THE INHERITANCE W: John Tomerlin D: Marc Lawrence
3-12-61 BLUE BOSS AND WILLIE SHAY W: Ric Hardman D: Stuart Heisler
4-16-61 THE GRUBSTAKE W: Ric Hardman & Marc McCarty D: Robert B. Sinclair
5-21-61 THE BREAK-IN W: Montgomery Pittman D: Richard C. Sarafian
9-17-61 TRAPPED W: Walter Wagner D: Richard C. Sarafian *
9-24-61 THE JUROR W: Ric Hardman D: Marc Lawrence
10-8-61 THE SON W: John D.F. Black D: Richard C. Sarafian *
10-15-61 OWNY O'REILLY ESQUIRE W: Ric Hardman D: Leslie H. Martinson
11-5-61 THE CATALOG WOMAN W: Ric Hardman D: Leslie H. Martinson *
11-26-61 THE APPOINTMENT W: John D.F. Black D: Richard Benedict
12-24-61 BY THE BOOK W: John Tomerlin D: Irving J. Moore
1- 7-62 THE LOCKET W: Margaret Armen D: Robert B. Sinclair *
1-28-62 THE TARNISHED BADGE W: Margaret Armen D: Richard C. Sarafian
2- 4-62 NO CONTEST W: Berne Giler D: Irving J. Moore
2-25-62 THE BARBER W: John D.F. Black D: Richard C. Sarafian
3- 4-62 THE LONG GUN W: Burt Kennedy D: Burt Kennedy
3-11-62 CLOOTEY HUTTER W: Robert Vincent Wright D: Richard C. Sarafian
3-11-62 HERITAGE OF HATE W: William F. Leicester D: Robert B. Sinclair
4-1 -62 THE BRIDE St: Berne Giler Scr: John Tomerlin D: Richard C. Sarafian
4- 8-62 THE WANTED MAN W: Burt Kennedy D: Burt Kennedy
4-29-62 CORT W: Anthony Spinner D: Burt Kennedy
5-27-62 THE ACTOR W: Richard Matheson D: Richard C. Sarafian
The Rifleman
THE RIFLEMAN
I liked many more Rifleman episodes than are listed here. Please see my web-book on Joseph H. Lewis for a detailed discussion of Lewis' 49 episodes of The Rifleman.
C: Robert B. Harris
11-11-58 DUEL OF HONOR W: Ken Kolb D: Joseph H. Lewis
11-18-58 THE SAFE GUARD (Claude Akins guards bank safe) W: David Swift D: Joseph H. Lewis
11-25-58 THE SISTER W & D: Montgomery Pittman
1- 6-59 THE PET W: Ken Kolb D: Joseph H. Lewis
2- 3-59 SHIVAREE W: Herbert Little, Jr. & David Victor D: Joseph H. Lewis
5- 5-59 THE WOMAN W: Pat Fielder D: Arnold Laven
6-23-59 BOOMERANG W: Arthur Browne, Jr. D: Joseph H. Lewis
9-29-59 THE PATSY W: Harry Kronman D: Joseph H. Lewis
11-3-59 EDDIE'S DAUGHTER W: William Leicester D: Joseph H. Lewis
11-10-59 PANIC W: Albert Aley D: Joseph H. Lewis
12-1-59 THE LETTER OF THE LAW W: Judy George & George W. George D: Joseph H. Lewis
12-29-59 SURVEYORS W: Dale Eunson & Katherine Eunson D: Joseph H. Lewis *
1- 5-60 DAY OF THE HUNTER W: John Dunkel D: Joseph H. Lewis
2- 2-60 HERO W: Albert Aley D: Joseph H. Lewis
2-16-60 THE SPOILER W: Harry Kronman D: Joseph H. Lewis
2-23-60 HELLER W: Christopher Knopf D: Joseph H. Lewis
3-15-60 THE DESERTER W: Albert Aley D: Joseph H. Lewis
4-12-60 THE SHOTGUN MAN W: Jack Cutis D: Joseph H. Lewis
11- 8-60 THE MARTINET (Captain Perry and his two sons) W: Phillip Satzman D: Joseph H. Lewis
The Virginian
THE VIRGINIAN
10-3-62 THROW A LONG ROPE W: Harold Swanton D: Ted Post
10-10-62 THE BIG DEAL St: Richard Jessup Scr: Winston Miller D: Earl Bellamy
10-17-62 THE BRAZEN BELL W: Roland Kibbee D: James Sheldon
11-21-62 IT TOLLS FOR THEE W & D: Samuel Fuller
1- 9-63 THE EXILES St: Roy Huggins Scr: Howard Browne & William P. McGivern D: Bernard Girard *
2-20-63 THE SMALL PARADE St: Bernard Girard Scr: John & Ward Hawkins D: Paul Nickell *
3- 6-63 THE MONEY CAGE St: Donn Mullally Scr: Jameson Brewer D: Alan Crosland Jr.
10-9-63 A KILLER IN TOWN W: Bob Duncan & Wanda Duncan D: John English *
10-16-63 THE EVIL THAT MEN DO W: Frank Chase D: Stuart Heisler
11-13-63 RUN QUIET W: Norman Katkov & Ed Adamson D: Herschel Daugherty
12-18-63 SIEGE W: Donn Mullally D: Don McDougall
1-15-64 THE FORTUNES OF J. JONAH JIMERSON W: Carey Wilber D: Don McDougall
1-29-64 THE DRIFTER St: Frank Fenton Scr: Carey Wilber D: Don McDougall
2-12-64 FIRST TO THINE OWN SELF W: Les Crutchfield D: Earl Bellamy
2-19-64 A MATTER OF DESTINY W: Al C. Ward D: Maurice Geraghty
3- 4-64 THE INTRUDERS W: Dean Riesner D: Charles R. Rondeau
4- 1-64 THE SECRET OF BRYNMAR HALL W: Herman Groves D: Robert Totten
9-16-64 RYKER W: Frank Fenton D: Don Richardson
9-23-64 THE DARK CHALLENGE St: Joseph Hoffman Scr: Joseph Hoffman & True Boardman D: Don McDougall
10-28-64 BIG IMAGE...LITTLE MAN St: Frank Chase Scr: Frank Chase & Carey Wilber D: William Witney
11-4-64 A FATHER FOR TOBY St: Tom Seller Scr: True Boardman D: Alan Crosland Jr.
11-25-64 ALL NICE AND LEGAL W: Jean Holloway D: Don McDougall
12-9-64 PORTRAIT OF A WIDOW W: Thomas W. Blackburn & Lawrence Edward Watkin D: Don McDougall
12-23-64 A MAN OF THE PEOPLE St: William Fay Scr: Fay & True Boardman D: William Witney
1-13-65 HIDEOUT D: Don McDougall based on novel "The Mountains Are My Kingdom" (1936) by Oscar Schisgall writing as Stuart Hardy
2- 5-65 LOST YESTERDAY W: True Boardman D: Don McDougall
3-17-65 DANGEROUS ROAD W: John & Ward Hawkins D: Maurice Geraghty *
4-14-65 THE SHOWDOWN W: Gene L. Coon D: Don McDougall
11-24-65 BEYOND THE BORDER W: Martha Wilkerson D: Don McDougall
12-8-65 THE LARAMIE ROAD W: Halsted Welles D: Charles S. Dubin
12-22-65 LETTER OF THE LAW W: Donn Mullally D: Charles S. Dubin
4- 6-66 NO DRUMS, NO TRUMPETS St: Sabaroff & Nadel Scr: Robert Sabaroff D: Arthur H. Nadel
11-9-66 DEADEYE DICK W: Joseph Hoffman D: Ida Lupino
2-15-67 WITHOUT MERCY W: Donn Mullally D: Don McDougall *
3- 8-67 NIGHTMARE AT FORT KILLMAN W: John & Ward Hawkins D: Abner Biberman
3-15-67 BITTER HARVEST W: Andy Lewis D: Don McDougall
9-20-67 THE DEADLY PAST W: Robert White & Phyllis White D: Abner Biberman *
9-27-67 THE LADY FROM WICHITA W: True Boardman D: Don McDougall
10-25-67 AH SING VS WYOMING W: Irve Tunick D: Charles S. Dubin
12-6-67 THE BARREN GROUND St: Joy Dexter Scr: Andy Lewis D: Abner Biberman
12-27-67 THE FORTRESS St: Sy Salkowitz & W.R. Burnett Scr: Sy Salkowitz D: Abner Biberman
2-14-68 THE HELL WIND W: Leonard Praskins & Barbara Merlin D: Don McDougall *
10-9-68 VISION OF BLINDNESS St: Gerald Sanford Scr: Gerald Sanford & James Menzies D: Abner Biberman
12-11-68 NORA W: True Boardman D: Don McDougall
2-19-69 THE ORDEAL St; Merwin Gerard Scr: Don Ingalls D: Michael Caffey
9-24-69 A FLASH OF DARKNESS W: Edward J. Lakso D: Joseph Pevney
10-22-69 THE RUNAWAY W: Gerald Sanford D: Anton Leader
1- 7-70 YOU CAN LEAD A HORSE TO WATER W: Lois Hire D: James Neilson
2- 4-70 TRAIN OF DARKNESS W: Robert Van Scoyk D: James Sheldon
2-18-70 NO WAR FOR THE WARRIOR St: Robert Earll Scr: Robert Earll & Alvin Sapinsley D: Don McDougall
The Big Valley
THE BIG VALLEY
9-29-65 BOOTS WITH MY FATHER'S NAME St: Les Pine, Tina Rome, Mel Goldberg Scr: Mel Goldberg D: Joseph H. Lewis *
10-6-65 THE YOUNG MARAUDERS W: Peter Packer D: Paul Wendkos
10-20-65 HERITAGE W: Carey Wilber D: Paul Wendkos
11-24-65 THE WAY TO KILL A KILLER W: Judith Barrows & Robert Guy Barrows D: Joseph M. Newman
12-1-65 NIGHT OF THE WOLF W: Margaret Armen D: Joseph H. Lewis
12-15-65 THE BRAWLERS W: William Norton D: Joseph Pevney
12-29-65 THE INVADERS W: Jay Simms D: Arnold Laven
1-19-66 A TIME TO KILL W: Peter Packer D: Bernard McEveety
2-2-66 TEACHER OF OUTLAWS St: Lou Morheim Scr: Gilbert Ralston D: Michael Ritchie
2-2-66 BARBARY RED W: Judith Barrows D: Michael Ritchie
4-13-66 THE MIDAS MAN W: Margaret Armen D: Arnold Laven
4-20-66 TUNNEL OF GOLD W: Arthur Browne, Jr. D: Virgil W. Vogel
4-27-66 LAST TRAIN TO THE FAIR W: Paul Savage. D: Virgil W. Vogel
9-12-66 LOST TREASURE W: Jack Curtis D: Arthur H. Nadel
10-31-66 TARGET W: Mel Goldberg D: Arthur H. Nadel
11-14-66 THE MAN FROM NOWHERE W: Ken Pettus D: Joseph H. Lewis
11-21-66 THE GREAT SAFE ROBBERY W: William Norton D: Virgil W. Vogel
12-5-66 LAST STAGE TO SALT FLATS W: Arthur Browne, Jr. D: Bernard McEveety
12-12-66 A DAY OF TERROR W: Peter Packer D: Virgil W. Vogel
12-19-66 HIDE THE CHILDREN W: Jack Curtis D: Arthur H. Nadel
12-26-66 DAY OF THE COMET W: Gilbert Ralston D: Virgil W. Vogel
1-23-67 DOWN SHADOW STREET W: Ken Trevey D: Virgil W. Vogel
2-20-67 BROTHER LOVE W: Jay Simms D: Virgil W. Vogel
3- 6-67 COURT MARTIAL W: Stephen Carabatsos D: Virgil W. Vogel *
3-13-67 PLUNDER! W: William Blinn D: Richard Long
10-30-67 GUILTY W: Harry Kronman D: Paul Henreid
11-6-67 THE DISAPPEARANCE St: Lou Morheim Scr: Michael Gleason D: Virgil W. Vogel
12-25-67 THE BUFFALO MAN W: Margaret Armen D: Joe Mazzuca
2-16-68 RIMFIRE W: Margaret Armen D: Charles S. Dubin
3-11-68 RUN OF THE SAVAGE W: Don Ingalls D: Virgil W. Vogel
11-11-68 THE JONAH W: Ed Adamson D: Virgil W. Vogel
11-18-68 HELL HATH NO FURY W: Sasha Gilien & Mel Goldberg D: Virgil W. Vogel
12-9-68 A STRANGER EVERYWHERE W: Lee Erwin D: Paul Henreid
12-16-88 THE PRIZE W: D.C. Fontana D: Virgil W. Vogel
1-6-69 TOP OF THE STAIRS W: Ken Pettus D: Virgil W. Vogel
2-24-69 ALIAS NELLIE HANDLEY W: Margaret Armen D: Virgil W. Vogel
3-24-69 THE BATTLE OF MINERAL SPRINGS W: Douglas Morrow D: Virgil W. Vogel
3-31-69 THE OTHER FACE OF JUSTICE W: Don Ingalls D: Virgil W. Vogel
4-7-69 TOWN OF NO EXIT W: William Norton D: Norman S. Powell
Bonanza
BONANZA
11-12-61 THE FRIENDSHIP W: Frank Chase D: Don McDougall
4-22-62 BLESSED ARE THEY St: Borden Chase Scr: Borden Chase & Frank Cleaver D: Don McDougall
12-22-63 HOSS AND THE LEPRECHAUNS W: Robert V. Barron D: John Florea *
5-16-65 THE SPOTLIGHT W: Richard Carr D: Gerd Oswald
4-10-66 THE UNWRITTEN COMMANDMENT St: Daniel B. Ullman Scr: William Blinn & Jo Pagano D: Gerd Oswald
1-15-67 A BRIDE FOR BUFORD W: Robert V. Barron D: William F. Claxton
5-12-68 THE BOTTLE FIGHTER St: S.H. Barnett & Colin MacKenzie Scr: John Hawkins D: Leon Benson
5-26-68 THE STRONGHOLD St: W.R. Burnett Scr: John Hawkins D: Leon Benson
10-13-68 THE PASSING OF A KING W: B.W. Sandefur D: Leon Benson
11-24-68 QUEEN HIGH W: Michael Fessier D: Leon Benson
12-15-68 MARK OF GUILT St: Frank Telford Scr: Ward Hawkins D: Leon Benson *
1-19-69 MRS. WHARTON AND THE LESSER BREEDS W: Preston Woods D: Leon Benson
3- 1-70 RETURN ENGAGEMENT W: Stanley Roberts D: Don Richardson
2-14-71 THE RELUCTANT AMERICAN W: Stanley Roberts D: Philip Leacock
10-17-72 NEW MAN W: Jack B. Sowards D: Leo Penn
Laredo
LAREDO
10-7-65 RENDEZVOUS AT ARILLO (Silver thieves, widow) W: Calvin Clements D: Harvey Hart
10-14-65 THREE'S COMPANY (Chad's fiancee) W: John McGreevey D: Bernard McEveety
10-21-65 ANYBODY HERE SEEN BILLY? W: John McGreevey D: Lawrence Dobkin
11-18-65 WHICH WAY DID THEY GO? (Eve Arden) W: Gerry Day D: Leon Benson
12-9-65 THE LAND GRABBERS (Land rush, Lancer) W: Ric Hardman D: R.G. Springsteen
12-16-65 PRIDE OF THE RANGERS (Prizefight, bank robbery) W: John McGreevey D: Anton Leader
1-20-66 THAT'S NOWAY, THATAWAY (British actors as ministers) W: Vin Bogert & Gene L. Coon D: Howard Morris
3-10-66 IT'S THE END OF THE ROAD, STANLEY (Hostages in saloon) W: Gene L. Coon D: Leon Benson
9-16-66 THE LEGEND OF MIDAS MANTEE (Laughing gas, fake gunfight, fort) W: Gerry Day & B.W. Sandefur D: Hollingsworth Morse
9-30-66 A DOUBLE SHOT OF NEPENTHE (Mind control) W: Gene L. Coon D: Abner Biberman
10-14-66 THE LAND SLICKERS (Reese buys worthless land) W: William Hellinger & Clint Young D: Sherman Marks
10-21-66 FINNEGAN (Finnegan tries to start gang in Dry Wells) W: Edward J. Lakso D: Alexander Singer
12-9-66 A PRINCE OF A RANGER (Chad's double, Prisoner of Zenda) W: Joseph Bonaduce D: Charles R. Rondeau
1- 6-67 THE SEVENTH DAY (Undercover as clergy) St: Alvin Boretz Scr: Joel Murcott D: Irving J. Moore
2-17-67 ENEMIES AND BROTHERS (Captain's relative) St: Tom Adair & John Elliotte Scr: Brian Brastu & Tom Adair & John Elliotte D: Gene Nelson
3- 3-67 THE SMALL CHANCE GHOST (Ghost town with spooky mansion) W: Martin Roth D: Richard Bartlett
3-10-67 A QUESTION OF GUILT (Courtroom drama, Twelve Angry Men) W: Joseph Bonaduce D: Leo Penn *
The Wild Wild West
THE WILD WILD WEST
2-25-66 NIGHT OF THE PUPPETEER W: Henry Sharp D: Irving J. Moore
10- 7-66 NIGHT OF THE BIG BLAST W: Ken Kolb D: Ralph Senensky
11- 4-66 NIGHT OF THE BOTTOMLESS PIT W: Ken Kolb D: Robert Sparr
3-31-67 NIGHT OF THE WOLF W: Robert C. Dennis & Earl Bartlett D: Charles R. Rondeau
1-26-68 NIGHT OF THE DEATH MASKS W: Ken Pettus D: Mike Moder
9-27-68 NIGHT OF THE BIG BLACKMAIL W: David Moessinger D: Irving J. Moore
10-11-68 NIGHT OF THE JUGGERNAUT W: Calvin Clements Jr. D: Irving J. Moore
10-25-68 NIGHT OF THE GRUESOME GAMES W: Jackson Gillis D: Marvin Chomsky
11- 1-68 NIGHT OF THE KRAKEN W: Stephen Kandel D: Michael Caffey
3-14-69 NIGHT OF BLEAK ISLAND W: Robert E. Kent D: Marvin Chomsky
3-21-69 NIGHT OF THE COSSACKS W: Oliver Crawford D: Mike Moder
3-29-69 NIGHT OF THE TYCOONS St: Barney Slater Scr: Louis Vittes D: Mike Moder
Alias Smith and Jones
ALIAS SMITH AND JONES
C: Vincent Dee
JTJ is "John Thomas James", pseudonym of Ross Huggins.
2- 4-71 WRONG TRAIN TO BRIMSTONE W: Stephen Kandel D: Jeffrey Hayden
3-11-71 STAGECOACH SEVEN St: JTJ Scr: Dick Nelson D: Richard Benedict
3-18-71 THE MAN WHO MURDERED HIMSELF St: JTJ Scr: Robert Hamner & JTJ D: Jeffrey Hayden
11-4-71 NIGHT OF THE RED DOG St: JTJ Scr: Dick Nelson & JTJ D: Russ Mayberry
11-18-71 DREADFUL SORRY, CLEMENTINE St: JTJ Scr: Glen A. Larson D: Barry Shear
12-16-71 EVERYTHING ELSE YOU CAN STEAL W: JTJ D: Alexander Singer
1-13-72 THE MACREADY BUST GOING, GOING GONE St: JTJ Scr: Nicholas E. Baehr D: Alexander Singer
1-20-72 THE MAN WHO BROKE THE BANK AT RED GAP W: JTJ D: Richard Benedict
1-27-72 THE MEN THAT CORRUPTED HADLEYBERG St: JTJ Scr: JTJ & Dick Nelson D: Jeff Corey
2- 3-72 THE BIGGEST GAME IN THE WEST W: JTJ D: Alexander Singer
10-28-72 WHAT HAPPENED AT THE XST W: JTJ D: Jack Arnold
Westerns: Color
LARAMIE
5-16-61 TRIGGER POINT (left in desert) W: Arthur Browne, Jr. D: Lesley Selander
9-26-61 DRAGON AT THE DOOR (Japanese family) W: Rod Peterson D: James P. Yarbrough
10-3-61 LADIES' DAY St: Daniel B. Ullman Scr: Rod Peterson D: Lesley Selander
10-17-61 MOUNTAIN MEN St: Daniel B. Ullman Scr: Lee Erwin & Donn Mullally D: Joseph Kane
12-12-61 THE KILLER LEGEND St: Rod Peterson & Robert Hamner Scr: Rod Peterson D: Hollingsworth Morse
9-25-62 AMONG THE MISSING W: Rod Peterson D: Joseph Kane
12-25-62 GUN DUEL St: John C. Champion Scr: Albert Aley D: Thomas Carr
DEATH VALLEY DAYS
11-14-62 DAVY'S FRIEND W: Virgil C. Gerlach D: Tay Garnett
10-1-63 KINGDOM FOR A HORSE W: Zetta Castle & Francis Rosenwald D: Tay Garnett
3-25-65 FIGHTING SKY PILOT W: Todhunter Ballard & Robert Leslie Bellem D: Lee Sholem
3-17-65 MAGIC LOCKET W: Joanna Lee D: Tay Garnett
3-17-66 THE WATER BRINGER Scr: Robert Hardy Andrews St: Idwal Jones D: Hal Cooper
10-1-66 THE RESURRECTION OF DEADWOOD DICK W: Sloan Nibley D: Tay Garnett
CIMARRON STRIP
1-4 -68 THE JUDGEMENT W: Daniel B. Ullman D: Robert Butler
1-11-68 FOOL'S GOLD St: Palmer Thompson & David Jones Scr: Palmer Thompson D: Herschel Daugherty
THE LEGEND OF JESSE JAMES
2-21-66 THE LONELY PLACE W: Sam Ross Carey Wilber D: Curtis Harrington
5- 9-66 A BURYING FOR ROSEY W: Bruce Whitfield D: Curtis Harrington
THE HIGH CHAPARRAL
11-19-67 THE PRICE OF REVENGE W: Frank Chase D: Leonard J. Horn
12-17-67 THE TERRORIST W: William F. Leicester D: Ralph Senensky
2- 4-68 CHAMPION OF THE WESTERN WORLD W: Michael Fessier D: William F. Claxton
11-29-68 FOR WHAT WE ARE ABOUT TO RECEIVE W: Michael Fessier D: William F. Claxton
LANCER
9-24-68 THE HIGH RIDERS (Pilot) Created by: Samuel A. Peeples St: Samuel A. Peeples Scr: Dean Riesner Dir: Sam Wanamaker Please see my comments.
1-28-69 YESTERDAY'S VENDETTA W: Don Brinkley D: Otto Lang
BARBARY COAST
10-20-75 SAUCE FOR THE GOOSE St: William Reed Woodfield & Allan Balter Scr: Stephen Lord D: Don McDougall
SARA
4- 2-76 LADY (The insane woman) W: Jerry Ziegman D: Alf Kjellin
GRIZZLY ADAMS
3-16-77 ADAMS' ARK (Don Galloway as Pinkerton) W: Samuel A. Peeples D: Jack B. Hively
Mystery: Agatha Christie
AGATHA CHRISTIE TV FILMS
80 WHY DIDN'T THEY ASK EVANS Scr: Pat Sandys D: Tony Wharmby, John Davies
81 THE SEVEN DIALS MYSTERY C: Penny Lowe Scr: ? D: Tony Wharmby Script Consultant: Pat Sandys
THE AGATHA CHRISTIE HOUR
9-14-82 IN A GLASS DARKLY C: Jill Silverside Scr: William Corlett D: Desmond Davis
9-21-82 THE GIRL ON THE TRAIN C: Jill Silverside Scr: William Corlett D: Brian Farnham
11-16-82 THE MANHOOD OF EDWARD ROBINSON C: Louise Walker W: Gerald Savory D: Brian Farnham
AGATHA CHRISTIE'S PARTNERS IN CRIME
C: Penny Lowe
83 THE SECRET ADVERSARY Scr: Pat Sandys D: Tony Wharmby
The rest are hour long adaptations of Tommy and Tuppence short stories, from the collection Partners in Crime. (All mainly 1983)
THE AFFAIR OF THE PINK PEARL W: David Butler D: Tony Wharmby
THE HOUSE OF LURKING DEATH W: Jonathan Hales D: Christopher Hodson
THE SUNNINGDALE MYSTERY W: Jonathan Hales D: Tony Wharmby
THE CLERGYMAN'S DAUGHTER W & D: Paul Annett
FINESSING THE KING W: Gerald Savory D: Christopher Hodson
THE AMBASSADORS BOOTS W & D: Paul Annett
THE MAN IN THE MIST W: Gerald Savory D: Christopher Hodson
THE UNBREAKABLE ALIBI W: David Butler D: Christopher Hodson
THE CASE OF THE MISSING LADY W: Jonathan Hales D: Paul Annett
THE CRACKLER W: Gerald Savory D: Tony Wharmby
POIROT
Best episodes marked with *
1- 8-89 THE ADVENTURE OF THE CLAPHAM COOK Scr: Clive Exton D: Edward Bennett *
1-15-89 MURDER IN THE MEWS Scr: Clive Exton D: Edward Bennett *
1-22-89 THE ADVENTURE OF JOHNNIE WAVERLY Scr: Clive Exton D: Renny Rye
1-29-89 FOUR AND TWENTY BLACKBIRDS Scr: Russell Murray D: Renny Rye
2- 5-89 THE THIRD FLOOR FLAT (Donovan: Nicholas Pritchard) Scr: Michael Baker D: Edward Bennett *
2-12-89 TRIANGLE AT RHODES Scr: Stephen Wakelam D: Renny Rye
2-19-89 PROBLEM AT SEA Scr: Clive Exton D: Renny Rye
2-26-89 THE INCREDIBLE THEFT Scr: David Reid & Clive Exton D: Edward Bennett *
3-12-89 THE KING OF CLUBS Scr: Michael Baker D: Renny Rye *
3-19-89 THE DREAM Scr: Clive Exton D: Edward Bennett
1- 7-90 PERIL AT END HOUSE (120) Scr: Clive Exton D: Renny Rye
1-14-90 THE VEILED LADY Scr: Clive Ext | ||||||||
10432 | yago | 3 | 7 | https://www.passes.com/wiki/jon-cypher | en | Jon Cypher (@jon | [
"https://www.facebook.com/tr?id=815174093601101&ev=PageView&noscript=1"
] | [] | [] | [
"Jon Cypher",
"jon-cypher",
"leaks",
"passes",
"birthday",
"bday",
"astrology",
"star",
"sign",
"profession"
] | null | [] | null | Jon Cypher birthday Jan 13th, 1932. Jon Cypher bday Jan 13th, 1932. Jon Cypher profession Movie Actor. Jon Cypher age. Jon Cypher astrology sign. Jon Cypher star sign. Who is Jon Cypher (jon-cypher). Why is Jon Cypher (jon-cypher) famous. | en | /assets/pwa/logo_192x192.png | Passes | https://www.passes.com/wiki/jon-cypher | |||||
10432 | yago | 0 | 31 | https://haas.berkeley.edu/giving/campaign/honorroll/ | en | Campaign for Haas | [
"https://haas.berkeley.edu/wp-content/uploads/panos-3.jpg",
"https://haas.berkeley.edu/wp-content/uploads/axs_449a-banner.jpg",
"https://haas.berkeley.edu/wp-content/uploads/axs_449a-banner.jpg"
] | [] | [] | [
""
] | null | [] | 2024-03-07T19:30:09+00:00 | en | Berkeley Haas | https://haas.berkeley.edu/giving/campaign/honorroll/ | Class of 1937
Christy P. Armstrong, BS 37
Evans N. Klingner, BS 37
Class of 1938
Lowell M. Adelson, BS 38
Class of 1939
Michael Chetkovich, BS 39, MBA 40 & Alice Chetkovich
John P. Holland Jr., BS 39
Norman M. Mundell, BS 39, MS 40
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Class of 1940
Edward J. Arnold, BS 40
Michael Chetkovich, BS 39, MBA 40 & Alice Chetkovich
Norman M. Mundell, BS 39, MS 40
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Class of 1941
James R. Bancroft, BA 40, MS 41
Clifford L. Gant, BS 41
E. Kathleen Podmore Hendriksen, BS 41
William D. Law, BS 41
Walter Miller Jr., BS 41
Ann R. Mirassou, BS 41
Charles W. O’Toole, BS 41
Henry F. Trione, BS 41
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Class of 1942
Yonekazu Satoda, BS 42
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Class of 1943
Barbara S. Copeland, BS 43
Walter H. Joe, BS 43
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Class of 1944
Alan R. Cerf, BS 44
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Class of 1945
Renee S. Cokin, BS 45
Mary L. Grannis, BS 45 & Frank R. Grannis, BS 45
Paul E. Kadden, BS 45
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Class of 1946
Marilyn D. Coole, BS 46
Donald S. McNary, BS 46
Robert H. Offermann, BS 46
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Class of 1947
Erick K. Erickson Sr., BS 47, MBA 49
Irwin J. Gibbs, BS 47
Lois J. Halliday, BA 47 & Richard C. Halliday, BS 47
Carl E. Hillberg, BS 47
Constance & Leroy S. Kessler, BS 47
Torrance L. Wallace, BS 47
Wallace Wortman, BS 47
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Class of 1948
Melvin L. Bacharach, BS 48
Gerson P. Bakar, BS 48
Marciana K. Chang, BS 48
William E. Chipman, BS 48
Paul J. Cortese, BS 48
Harry L. Fledderman, BS 48, MBA/JD 52
Robert B. Harrison, BS 48
Rosemarie B. & Robert S. Henninger, BS 48
Ivan J. Houston, BS 48
William P. Sanderson Jr., MBA 48
Emily W. & Robert J. Seymour, BS 48
Warren H. Sichel, BS 48
Bertram H. Witham Jr., BS 48
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Class of 1949
Richard J. Bamberger, BS 49
William A. Beckman, BS 49
Jean A. Blois, BS 49
Robert B. Cook, MBA 49
Erick K. Erickson Sr., BS 47, MBA 49
Eldon Ford, BS 49
Olga R. Hannan & John A. Hanuska Jr., BS 49
Norma J. Harrison, BS 49
Joseph H. Inglese, BS 49
Dorothy L. Jang, BS 49 & Gaynor Stewart
Donald B. McCaw, BS 49
Gerald H. McJenkin, BS 49
Al H. Nathe, MBA 49
Walter Oppenheimer, BS 49
Louis C. Pendleton, BS 49
Glen L. Ryland, BS 49
Betty Spiegelman & Robert G. Spiegelman, BS 49
Patricia J. & Ronald V. Stone, BS 49
Kenji Tomita, BS 49
Carter S. Wells, BS 49
Thomas H. Winburn, BS 49
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Class of 1950
Alice & Richard C. Biagi, BS 50
James A. Cavanah, BS 50, MBA 51
John D. Cavanah, BS 50
Ralph W. Coole, BS 50
Henry C. DeSeguirant, BS 50
Howard A. Erickson, BS 50
John E. Farr Jr., BS 50
David J. Friedenberg, BS 50
Evelyn L. Gallagher, BS 50 & Stanley J. Gallagher
Richard Gottesman, BS 50
Marion L. Jansen, BS 50
Mary A. Knox, BS 50
Joan S. Koenig, BS 50 & F. Robert Koenig, BS 50
Diana M. & James R. Logan, BS 50
Louis W. Lowd, BS 50
Alice T. May, BS 50
Samuel L. Mayall, BS 50, MBA 52
Paul C. McKnight, BS 50
Warren G. Parker, BS 50
Kenneth C. Purchase, BS 50
Betty Jane Riley Huhn, BS 50 & James V. Huhn, BS 52
Peggy K. Roland, BS 50 & Lewis F. Roland
Stuart E. Sieroty, BS 50
Edward H. Smithers, BS 50
Merrill B. Thruston, BS 50
Madonne & Raymond R. Tschache, BS 50
Barbara J. Waite, BS 50
Dorothy L. & Donald A. Washam, BS 50
John R. White Jr., BS 50
William L. Woolley, BS 50
Anonymous
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Class of 1951
Babette B. Barton, BS 51, JD 54
Freddie & John R. Bateman, BS 51, MBA 52
Gilbert L. Beck, BS 51
Richard I. Becker, BS 51
Elton H. Bell, BS 51
Julian M. Benedict, BS 51
James A. Cavanah, BS 50, MBA 51
Muriel H. & Barrett M. Crawford, BS 51, MBA 57
Robert M. Davis, MBA 51
Dudley Dinshaw, BS 51, MBA 53
Robert J. Drabkin, BS 51, MBA 52
William W. Dunlavy, BS 51
Gerald L. Flieder, BS 51
Philip J. Gold, BS 51
Hugh T. Gordon, BS 51
Sydney E. Hammill, BS 51, MBA 54
Laurel F. Hammond, BA 54 & Charles W. Hammond, BS 51, MBA 57
Mahlon R. Harris, BS 51
Gail F. & Victor L. Innes, BS 51
Marilyn C. Jaeger, BS 51
Robert J. Kelleher, BS 51
Marvin H. Lewis, BS 51, MBA 53
Edward W. Loftus, BS 51
Don A. Loorz, BS 51
Akito Masaki, BS 51
Jean C. & Sterten L. McDonald, BS 51, MBA 52
Yumi L. Nagao, BA 56, MLS 57 & David J. Nagao, BS 51
Conway V. Peterson, BS 51
Peter K. Schoonmaker, BS 51
Betty J. & Harlan D. Sutherland, BS 51
John D. Vohs, BS 51
Anonymous
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Class of 1952
Freddie & John R. Bateman, BS 51, MBA 52
Marilyn E. Best, BS 52
George F. Clifton Jr., BS 52
Mary H. Cole, BS 52
Marie B. Collins, BS 52 & Leonard G. Collins, MBA 66
James B. Davis, BS 52, JD 56
Janet G. De Urioste, BS 52
Robert J. Drabkin, BS 51, MBA 52
Harry L. Fledderman, BS 48, MBA/JD 52
Earl M. Goldman, BS 52
Betty Jane Riley Huhn, BS 50 & James V. Huhn, BS 52
Mayon Ichinose, BS 52
Thomas M. Kunz, BS 52
Samuel L. Mayall, BS 50, MBA 52
Jean C. & Sterten L. McDonald, BS 51, MBA 52
Harold S. McNally, BS 52
Jack G. Miller, BS 52
John A. Olsen, BS 52
Kenneth A. Pollock, BS 52
Dorothy B. Porter, BA 51 & Jerome K. Porter, BS 52, MBA 53
Edward D. Presten, BS 52
Carol Saysette & Robert L. Reynolds, BS 52
May T. & Masami Sugiyama, BS 52
Carol L. Williams, BS 52
Rosamond R. & Philip L. Wyche Jr., BS 52
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Class of 1953
Connie & Marshall O. Benas, BS 53
William Chan, BS 53
Beatrice L. & Herbert L. Chow, BS 53
Dudley Dinshaw, BS 51, MBA 53
Martha B. Gill, BA 53 & Leo S. Gill, BS 53, MBA 54
Febe F. & Charles L. Harrington, BS 53
Marvin H. Lewis, BS 51, MBA 53
F. Davis Mills, BS 53
Norman Y. Mineta, BS 53
Dorothy B. Porter, BA 51 & Jerome K. Porter, BS 52, MBA 53
Robert B. Raban, BS 53
Shirley H. & Stanley M. Silverman, BS 53, MBA 56
Barbara Tom, BS 53 & Kenneth Tom
Mary J. & Thomas D. Troughton, BS 53, MBA 58
Murman L. Vedder, BS 53
C. Bruce Ward, BS 53
Anne & Charles H. Wray, BS 53
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Class of 1954
Nat A. Agliano, BS 54
Allen L. Bender, BS 54
Roy W. Burkett, BS 54
Shirley L. Chan, MS 59 & Edison Chan, BS 54
Stephen L. Davenport, BS 54, MBA 55
Oscar J. Erickson, BS 54
Martha B. Gill, BA 53 & Leo S. Gill, BS 53, MBA 54
John T. Gray, BS 54
Sydney E. Hammill, BS 51, MBA 54
Suzanne & Robert H. Harrison, BS 54
Merlin L. Henry Jr., BS 54
Thomas R. Holmes, BS 54
Beatrice Hull, BS 54
James L. Kelly, BS 54
Phyllis D. Kokus, BA 58 & John Kokus Jr., BS 54
Catherine M. & Stanley K. Koo, BS 54
Max E. Lupul, BS 54, PhD 63
William E. Mais, BS 54
Winton E. Mather, BS 54, MBA 55
Donald E. Mattson, BS 54, MBA 58
Taylor T. Mott, BS 54
Adolph O. Nicolai, BS 54, MBA 56
Nina J. Pircher, BA 64 & Leo J. Pircher, BS 54, JD 57
Stanley F. Stephens Jr., BS 54
Howard Wiggins, BS 54, JD 60
J. Paul Woollomes Jr., BS 54
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Class of 1955
Danielle Beebe-Chavanon & Morton P. Beebe, BS 55
Leonard J. Benson, BS 55
Donald N. Cherry, BS 55
Stephen L. Davenport, BS 54, MBA 55
Anne G. & Gerald C. Down, BS 55
Trudi H. & Bruce D. Garland, BA 55, BS 55, MBA 62
Mary F. Heeney, BS 55, MBA 56
Linda B. & Donald L. Keene, BS 55
Winton E. Mather, BS 54, MBA 55
Mary J. & William L. Montgomery, BS 55
Frederick R. Pracht Jr., BS 55
Kathrine Riewerts, BA 54 & James C. Riewerts, BS 55
Richard Sahagian, BS 55
Virginia F. & Michael F. Schwabacher, BS 55
Kenneth L. Schwocho, BS 55
Stuart W. Seiler, BS 55
Dee A. & Edward A. Shaw, BS 55, MBA 58
Thad C. Woodland, BS 55
Alice Young, BS 55
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Class of 1956
Iris C. & Roger J. Baccigaluppi, BS 56
Carole E. & Bill Beeson, BS 56
John M. Brough, BS 56
Ernest Chann, BS 56
Edward P. De Matei Jr., BS 56
Douglas M. Egan, BS 56, MBA 57, PhD 65
Ronald G. Figel, BS 56
Ann M. Goode, BS 56
Mary F. Heeney, BS 55, MBA 56
Lucy M. & George Heller, MBA 56
Michael J. Hughes Jr., BS 56
Robert D. Huntsman, BS 56
Jeanne & Eric F. Li, MBA 56
Barbara J. McConnell, BS 56
Albert L. Mooney, BS 56
Marvin N. Nathan, MBA 56
Gail J. & Bernard W. Nebenzahl, BS 56
Adolph O. Nicolai, BS 54, MBA 56
Jon Q. Reynolds, BS 56, MBA 59
Fredric H. Rubel, BS 56
Robert R. Rugani, BS 56
Shirley H. & Stanley M. Silverman, BS 53, MBA 56
Kathleen S. & Walter W. Stark, BS 56
John C. Vanderpool, BS 56, JD 59
Bertram C. Willoughby, BS 56
Patricia E. Wright, BS 56
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Class of 1957
Sharon S. & Norman K. Bedell, BS 57
Richard C. Blum, BS 57, MBA 59
Suzanne & Eugene F. Brigham, MBA 57, PhD 62
Roy J. Burr Jr., BS 57
Carol I. Caldwell, BS 57
Robert R. Cannon, BS 57, MBA 58
Frederick K. Coburn, BS 57
Leonard A. Cohn, BS 57
Muriel H. & Barrett M. Crawford, BS 51, MBA 57
Jerian R. & Alexander C. Crosby, BS 57
Nancy A. & Ian B. Davidson, MBA 57
Reena B. & Stuart A. Davis, BS 57
Douglas M. Egan, BS 56, MBA 57, PhD 65
Donald G. Ellis, BS 57
Richard A. Falge, BS 57
Therese M. & Richard L. Fay, BS 57
Quock Q. Fong, BS 57
Gilbert H. Gates, BS 57, MBA 59
Alice A. & Edward B. Greub, BS 57
Laurel F. Hammond, BA 54 & Charles W. Hammond, BS 51, MBA 57
Allan A. Hitchcock, BS 57
Donald F. Jordan, BS 57
Yoshiye & Edward Y. Mayeda, BS 57
Harold T. McGrath, BS 57
Namie Naito, BS 57 & Shig Naito
James G. Nitsos, BS 57
Robert N. Schoeplein, BS 57, MA 62
Myrtle & Joel G. Schwartz, BS 57
Karen M. Tartre, BA 60 & Donald V. Tartre, BS 57
Arthur M. Tom, BS 57
Lorraine D. & Richard G. Whitehurst, BS 57
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Class of 1958
Beverly & Harold E. Berry, BS 58
Janet F. & Robert A. Besse, BS 58
James A. Blyler, BS 58
Robert N. Bowles, BS 58
Alison G. & Philip H. Braverman, BS 58, MBA 59
Elliott D. Buchdruker, BS 58
Robert R. Cannon, BS 57, MBA 58
James B. Cherry, BS 58
Carole A. & William A. Clark, BS 58
Joybna Dellar, BS 61 & John T. Dellar, BS 58
Mark A. Engler, BS 53, MBA 58
Gilbert L. Esparza, BS 58
Peter D. Fischel, BS 58
Donald R. Foster, BS 58
Burton S. Froom Jr., BS 58
James H. Harker, BS 58
Judy U. Spivey & Curtis C. Higgins, BS 58
Marjorie & Robert H. Howard, BS 58
Paula H. & Remo C. Jacuzzi, BS 58
Marilyn Y. & Soot M. Jew, BS 58
Laurence D. Kay, BS 58, JD 63
Alice & Robert W. King, BS 58
Robert H. Koster, BS 58
Kirby Kwok, BS 58
Jennie H. Louie, BS 58 & Samuel Y. Louie, BA 62
Donald E. Mattson, BS 54, MBA 58
Robert S. McIlroy, BS 58, MBA 63
Sandra S. Nixon, BA 60 & Gordon L. Nixon, BS 58
Barbara B. & Edward H. Peterson, BS 58
Ronald J. Roderique, MBA 58
Dee A. & Edward A. Shaw, BS 55, MBA 58
Elizabeth C. Slauson, BA 60 & Samuel V. Slauson, BS 58
Donna R. & Robert S. Snow, BS 58
William C. Stuart, BS 58
Mary J. & Thomas D. Troughton, BS 53, MBA 58
Robert W. Weck, BS 58
Janice K. & Lowell D. Weight, BS 58
Maureen & Brian W. White, BS 58, MBA 59
Ric Zigmond, BS 58
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Class of 1959
Margaret G. Alter, BA 59 & Donald L. Alter, BS 59
Richard C. Blum, BS 57, MBA 59
Alison G. & Philip H. Braverman, BS 58, MBA 59
Donald Bull, BS 59
Gordon W. Cole, BS 59
Ronald J. de Golia, BS 59
Gilbert H. Gates, BS 57, MBA 59
Dorothy A. & Stuart G. Gould, BS 59, MBA 63
Lynne C. & Robert B. Hofmann, BS 59
John T. Hokom, BS 59, MBA 60
Elizabeth L. & Oliver F. Hook, MBA 59
S. Allan Johnson, BS 59, MBA 69
Barbara L. & Ronald H. Kaufman, BA 55, MBA 59
Stephen F. Keller, BS 59, JD 62
Emile H. Kirsch, BS 59
Claude L. Lowen, BS 59, JD 62
Eddie M. Nomura, BS 59
Virginia Olson Reno, BS 59
Patricia L. & William A. Pfeiffer, BS 59
William J. Phillips, BS 59
Joyce & Jack F. Reetz, BS 56, MBA 59
Jon Q. Reynolds, BS 56, MBA 59
Delwin A. Roy, BS 59, MBA 60
W. Timothy Ryan, BS 59, MBA 62
Judith S. & John H. Sears, BS 59, JD 65
Barbara A. & John F. Smyth, BS 59
Marilyn B. Sparks, BA 59 & Thomas R. Sparks, BA 59, BS 59
Gail C. Stern, BA 86 & Fritz Stern, BS 59, MA 70
Egon von Kaschnitz, BA 52, MA 54, MBA 59
Kyong H. & Donald L. Walker, BS 59
Maureen & Brian W. White, BS 58, MBA 59
Anonymous
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Class of 1960
Dorothy B. & Thomas E. Allen, BS 60
Deborah S. Cahn, MA 72 & Edward T. Bennett, BS 60
Robert H. Campbell, MBA 60
Rosanna T. & Milton F. Chow, BS 60
Eugene Choy, BS 60
Walter G. Culin, MBA 60
Jeanne K. & James O. Demsey, BS 60, JD 64
Charles A. Dormann, BS 60, MBA 63
Richard B. Dutton, BS 60
Ronald H. Eich, BS 60, MBA 62
Carol H. & Richard G. Fencl Jr., MBA 60
Elizabeth J. & Thomas J. Fitzgerald Jr., BS 60
Ann Flinn, BA 62 & David B. Flinn, BS 60, JD 63
Ranada & Paul E. Galvez, BS 60
Reginald F. Gaylord Jr., BS 60
Lorrie L. Greene, BA 63 & Richard L. Greene, BS 60, JD 63
Sue & Daniel M. Guggenheim, BS 60
Jane & James C. Hagedorn, BS 60
Charles B. Hall, BS 60
Stephen B. Herrick, BS 60
John T. Hokom, BS 59, MBA 60
Clarence W. Houghton, BS 60
Estate of Carol Inberg
Ginger B. Jue, BA 65 & Edward W. Jue, BS 60
George Kontrovich, BS 60
Joan M. Krizman, BS 60
George F. Lefont, BS 60
Revae E. & Richard W. Leppanen, BS 60
Ann Peterson & John H. Mahoney, BS 60
Patricia A. Sensiba & Frank (Casey) McCarthy, BS 60
Carolyn & James K. McManigal Jr., BS 60, JD 63
Neal I. Miura, BS 60
Marvin L. Mizis, BS 60
Betty L. & William A. Murray, BS 60
Harold A. Nizamian, BS 60
Dolores “Dee” Pelton & Richard M. Pelton, MBA 60
Gary R. Rinehart, BS 60, JD 63
Mary E. Ritter, BA 62 & Jack E. Ritter, BS 60
Margaret N. Robarts, BS 60 & Drew L. Robarts, BS 60
Clifford W. Rogers, MBA 60
Delwin A. Roy, BS 59, MBA 60
Gail & J. Phillip Samper, BS 60
J. Michael Schaefer, BS 60
George L. Schindler, MBA 60
Molly & John T. Scully, BS 60
Col. James R. Serventi, USAF(Ret.), BS 60
R. June Smales, MBA 60
Carol A. & John S. Tegtmeier, BS 60
Thomas R. Vinzent, BS 60
Susan H. Volmer, BS 60 & Ronald L. Volmer, BS 58, MOpt 59
Lori & John D. White, BS 60
Anonymous
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Class of 1961
Robert D. Beardsley, BS 61
James D. Buchan, BS 61, MBA 63
Robert A. Buchman, BS 61, JD 64
Nora L. & Burton A. Chapkis, BS 61
Janice H. & James M. Clark, BS 61
Joybna Dellar, BS 61 & John T. Dellar, BS 58
Nadine B. & Mark L. Dunker, BS 61
Eric F. Eisenlauer, BS 61
David J. Epstein, BS 61
Gail C. Gleed, MA 60 & John S. Gleed, BS 54, MBA 61
Nancy S. & Allan L. Herzog, BS 61
Richard D. Hildebrand, BS 61
Marilyn A. & Robert K. Hoyt, BS 61
Richard W. Hungate, MBA 61
Lyle E. Jensen, BS 61
Duane A. Johnson, BS 61
Barbara & George Kelly, MBA 61
David L. Krueger, BS 61
Diane F. Laub, BS 61 & Peter G. Laub, BA 58
Myrna & Bruce J. Lockey, MBA 61
James B. Martinoni, BS 61
Charlotte E. & James G. Mercer, BS 61
Patricia B. Murray, BA 59 & James E. Murray, MBA 61
Jane E. & Joseph M. Myers, BS 61
Linda H. & David A. Nearon, BS 61
Richard B. Neuman, BS 61
Kathleen M. & John J. Quigley, BS 61
Burton S. Rees, BS 61
Elizabeth P. Reynolds, BS 61 & Philip L. Reynolds
David C. Ruegg, BS 61
Kent N. Sather, BS 61, MBA 65
Lawrence N. Scheinbaum, BS 61
Grace L. Schmidt, BA 65, MSW 74 & Smitty L. Schmidt, BS 61, MBA 63
Jerome R. Seslen, MBA 61
Irene P. Sharp, BS 61
Jacqueline M. & Dale Smith, BS 61
Muriel K. Tamura, BA 61 & Mitsuru Tamura, MBA 61
Jon H. Tolson, BS 61, JD 64
Marjorie B. Totten, BA 61 & David M. Totten, BS 61
Robert D. Trezise, BS 61
Henry E. Vierregger, BS 61
Gertrude A. Westsmith, BS 61, MBA 63
Harvey I. Wittenberg, MBA 61, JD 65
Gary F. Wood, BS 61
Anonymous
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Class of 1962
Thomas J. Alexander, BS 62, MBA 63
Hans J. Altorfer, BS 62
Neil P. Anderson, MBA 62
William F. Attig, BS 62
Joyce F. & Boris W. Becker, BS 62, MBA 67, PhD 70
Barbara A. Berger, BS 62
Rodney C. Bernklau, BS 62
John P. Boyl, BS 62
Suzanne & Eugene F. Brigham, MBA 57, PhD 62
Anne Burk, BA 62 & James R. Burk, BS 62, MBA 63
Pamela A. Dekema, BA 71 & Richard G. Champe, MBA 62
Loren M. Christian, MBA 62
Byron K. Cox, BS 62
Alfred C. Cuthbert, BS 62
Imelda & Raymond F. Douglas, MBA 62
Ronald H. Eich, BS 60, MBA 62
Dianne & Don R. Fraser, MBA 62
Trudi H. & Bruce D. Garland, BA 55, BS 55, MBA 62
Geoffrey T. Gordon, MBA 62
Rosemary & Peter M. Green, BS 62, MBA 63
Tom Hurvis, MBA 62
Sharon R. Kerr, BA 62 & Wendell H. Kerr Jr., BS 62
Sue & Shaukat M. Khan, BS 62
Rosette & Gerald V. Koch, MBA 62
Carolyn & Edward V. Lane Jr., BS 62
Joanne Leveque, MBA 62
Larry B. Lloyd, BS 62
Kathleen C. & Michael A. Merchant, MBA 62
Erwin D. Mieger, BS 62
Roberta S. Miller, BS 62
The Estate of Nicholas E. Nicoletti, BS 62
Leonard B. Perrone, BS 62
Larry V. Pulliam, BS 62
Pamela Y. & Roger W. Quan, BS 62
Brenda & John G. Rebelo Jr., BS 62
Gary R. Robinson, BS 62, MBA 69
W. Timothy Ryan, BS 59, MBA 62
Alison P. Schneider, BA 59 & Thomas C. Schneider, BA 58, MBA 62
Deborah M. Wallace & Erich W. Stratmann Sr., BS 62
John W. Thomas, BS 62
Allan C. Van Noy, BS 62
Ruth Arizaga-Whisler & William D. Whisler, BS 59, MBA 62, MS 63, PhD 65
Madeleine & Howard E. Wittenberg Jr., MBA 62
Deena & Joel F. Wynne, MBA 62
Sheldon G. Young, BS 62
Paul A. Zitlau, BS 61, MBA 62
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Class of 1963
Thomas J. Alexander, BS 62, MBA 63
Martin R. Aufhauser, BS 63
Helen & Richard D. Bagley, BS 63
Ronda E. Breitbard, BA 63 & Stanley H. Breitbard, BA 60, MBA 63
Sara J. Brignano, BA 64 & Robert J. Brignano, MBA 63
Richard L. Brooks, MBA 63
James D. Buchan, BS 61, MBA 63
Anne Burk, BA 62 & James R. Burk, BS 62, MBA 63
Ann S. Allen & Joel L. Butler, BS 63
Timothy E. Carlson, BS 63
Mary T. & Virgil P. Caselli Sr., BS 63
Karen & Ronald M. Cassano, BS 63
Howard T. Chang, BS 63
Allen H. Cox, BS 63
Mary A. Craft, MLS 65 & James A. Craft, MBA 63, PhD 68
Lenore J. & Robert A. Davies Jr., MBA 63
Leslie D. & Edward C. Derkum, MBA 63
Charles A. Dormann, BS 60, MBA 63
Fay W. Dunbar, BS 63
Sandra F. & Wayne R. Ericksen, MBA 63
Phillip M. Eyring, MBA 63
Marion C. & Kinton J. Fowler, BS 63
Charles L. Fritz, MBA 63
James R. Gearhart, BS 63
William D. Goodell, MBA 63
Dorothy A. & Stuart G. Gould, BS 59, MBA 63
Rosemary & Peter M. Green, BS 62, MBA 63
Carolyn L. Hansen, BA 67 & John T. Hansen, BS 63, JD 66
Jackie O. & William C. Harrison, BS 63
Robert H. Hsi, MBA 63
Vern G. Humpherys, BS 63
Patricia & John E. Lantz, MBA 63
Linda L. & Calvin F. Lee, BS 63
Leland E. Leisz, BS 61, MBA 63
Mirian E. & Sonny Low, BS 63
Robert S. McIlroy, BS 58, MBA 63
George B. Merrill, BS 63
Danice S. & Alan R. Morris, BS 63
Shirley M. & Frederic M. Nicholas, BS 63
Meda L. Padden, BS 63, MBA 65
Allen W. Puckett, BS 63
Hugo W. Quackenbush, BA 60, MBA 63
Robert A. Saunders, BS 63
Grace L. Schmidt, BA 65, MSW 74 & Smitty L. Schmidt, BS 61, MBA 63
Richard H. Scott, BS 63
Ranjit N. Sitlani, MBA 63
Susan C. Smith, BA 63 & Paul F. Smith, BS 63
James H. Stoppello, BS 63, JD 69
Mary R. & Peter K. Swentzel, BS 63, MBA 68
Roy D. Thylin, BS 63, MBA 64
Leo J. Warmolts, MBA 63
Gertrude A. Westsmith, BS 61, MBA 63
Joanne Y. & Michael B. Wood, BS 63
Charlene M. & Donald S. Wortley, BS 63
Alison Teeman & Gaetano M. Yovino-Young, MBA 63
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Class of 1964
Denny Abrams, BS 64, MBA 68
Barbara L. & Richard N. Allen, MBA 64
Schuyler Bailey, BS 64, MBA 65
Jerri Sorg & Floyd E. Blaney, BS 64
Ann & Stephen H. Booth, BS 64
Joanie M. Ciardelli, BS 64
Nichols M. Cutting, BA 57, MBA 64
Georgeanne & Frank J. De Marco, BS 64
Patricia C. & John S. Dearborn, BS 64
Barbara L. & Manson P. Dillaway, BS 64
Karen & George R. Dutton, BS 64
Edward A. Evans, MBA 64
Ann & Stanley F. Farrar, BS 64, JD 67
Lucianne S. & James D. Flynn, BS 64
Gilbert K. Freeman, BS 64
Armi T. & Richard E. Geno, BS 64
Sandra & Terence R. Gibson, MBA 64
Jonathan S. Green, MBA 64
Hardy Hasenfuss, BS 64, MBA 65
Tom D. Hobday, BS 64
Judith A. Ilgen, BA 84 & Robert G. Ilgen, MBA 64
Sherron & Gary W. Kalbach, BS 64
Stephen A. Kalthoff, MBA 64
Kendra & Thomas M. Kasten, BS 64, MBA 65
Edwin J. Laufenberg, BS 64
James J. Lowrey, MBA 64
James E. Lurie, BS 64
Barbara F. Medwadowski, BS 61, MS 64, MBA 82
Julie A. & Fred C. Merriam, BS 64
Henry A. Musto, BS 64
Beverly C. & Ronald S. Nagy, BS 64
Nicholas L. Nicholas, MBA 64
Dayna A. & Ken N. Nomiyama, BS 64, MBA 65
Catherine K. O’Dea, BA 61 & Edward M. O’Dea, BA 61, MBA 64
Kathrin & Dennis S. Parsons, BS 64
Patti & Edwin C. Potter, MBA 64
Aurora E. Punzalan, MBA 64
Jason C. Reed, BS 64
Linda J. & Frederick A. Roesch, MBA 64
Renee R. Ross, BS 64 & Dennis E. Ross, BA 57
Janet M. & Ronald S. Rubin, MBA 64
Harley J. Smith, MBA 64
Jamie M. & Stephen F. Snyder, MBA 64
Tamara T. & Gary R. Spratling, BS 64, MBA 66
Cynthia W. Woods & Myron G. Sugarman, BS 64, JD 67
Keith D. Swayne, MBA 64
Roy D. Thylin, BS 63, MBA 64
Beverly J. Tucker, BS 64 & David J. Tucker
Shigemi Wakamatsu, MBA 64
Lynda F. Wozniak, BS 64 & Fred S. Wozniak
Linda & Herbert R. Young, MBA 64
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Class of 1965
Schuyler Bailey, BS 64, MBA 65
Philip A. Bewley, BA 58, MBA 65
Marilyn A. Bolstad, MLS 67 & Ronald S. Bolstad, MBA 65
Sydne K. Bortel, MSW 63 & Allan G. Bortel, MBA 65
Jerry L. Bramwell, MBA 65
Edwin H. Caplan, PhD 65
Anne & George J. Carcagno, MBA 65
Marie & Horace A. Cardinale, BS 65
Christer S. Cederroth, BS 65
Harriet & Sidney A. Chernenkoff, BA 62, MBA 65
Pak F. Chung, MBA 65
Caryn A. Clark, BS 70 & Gary L. Clark, BS 65
Michael R. Cook, BS 65
Janet M. Cronk, BA 68 & William F. Cronk III, BS 65
Lynn & Kerry P. Curtis, BA 63, MBA 65
Theodore J. Cutler, MBA 65
Catherine C. & John P. Decker, MBA 65
Ron K. Doak, MBA 65
Georgia A. Edwards, BA 65 & Andrew W. Edwards, MBA 65
Douglas M. Egan, BS 56, MBA 57, PhD 65
Eileen C. Fredrikson, BS 65 & Jon A. Fredrikson
Karen A. & Donald G. Harding, BS 65
Hardy Hasenfuss, BS 64, MBA 65
Karen D. & Edwin L. Hayes, MBA 65
Loyd C. Heath, PhD 65
Carolen L. Herst, BA 64 & Douglas J. Herst, BS 65
Carl D. Jacobs, BS 65
Cynthia M. & David A. Jaeger, MBA 65
Alina & William G. Johannsen, BS 65
Vivian H. & Glenn L. Johnson, PhD 65
Ronald J. Kalish, BS 65
Evelyn Gehmacher & Russell J. Kalmacoff, MBA 65
Kendra & Thomas M. Kasten, BS 64, MBA 65
Susan G. & Gerald S. Knapp, BS 65, MBA 69
Andrew M. Kritscher, BS 65
Vijay Kumar, BS 65
Kathleen H. Lauer, BS 59 & Allen J. Lauer, MBA 65
Douglas L. MacLachlan, BA 62, MBA 65, MA 70, PhD 71
Losa Wong, BS 80 & Larry Mar, MBA 65
Christopher M. McLain, BS 65, JD 68
Nancy E. & Robert B. McLeod, BS 65
Judith A. & James R. Morris, BS 65, MBA 67, PhD 72
Masako & Takashi Murakami, MBA 65
Judi S. & Bob C. Newman, BS 65
Dayna A. & Ken N. Nomiyama, BS 64, MBA 65
Sue D. & Robert G. O’Donnell, BS 65, MBA 66
Meda L. Padden, BS 63, MBA 65
Elizabeth A. & Martin F. Parker, BS 65
Janet P. & Richard C. Pearson, BS 65
Ann M. Perrelli, BA 71 & Joseph F. Perrelli, BS 65, MBA 70
Henry O. Pruden, MBA 65
Louis P. Ramsay, BS 65
Stephen L. Rowland, BS 65
Kent N. Sather, BS 61, MBA 65
Nadine V. Schindell, BS 65
Gerald A. Schumacher, BS 65
Sheila M. & Thomas C. Schwartzburg, MBA 65
A. Horton Shapiro, MBA 65
Lawrence K. Shikuma, BS 65
Arthur I. Stonehill, PhD 65
Lesley G. & David P. Sweeney, BS 65, MBA 66
Katharine D. & Johannes W. Tempelaar-Lietz, MBA 65
Carole A. Upshur, BA 65 & John H. Upshur III, BS 65
Vivian E. VanLier, BS 65
Shelly B. Weinstein, MBA 65
Susan S. & William J. Weir, BS 65
Victoria L. Willis, BS 65
Jane & David A. Wilson, MBA 65
Richard M. Wolcott, MBA 65
Kathleen & David A. Woolsey, MBA 65
Paul K. Yee, BS 65
Anonymous
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Class of 1966
Wendy A. & Loren J. Alter, MBA 66
Marina A. & Steven P. Aronoff, BS 66
Harrison M. Bains, Jr., MBA 66
Gail L. & Robert A. Balsley, BS 66
Irene H. Boschken, BS 66 & Herman L. Boschken, BS 66, MBA 68
Kathleen S. & Richard T. Bowles, BS 66
Mary D. Bradley, BS 66
Barbara S. & William F. Burkart, MBA 66
Janis & Alan L. Carey, BS 66
Carol & Paul G. Carter, BS 66, MBA 67
Shelby L. & Lee A. Chaden, MBA 66
Donald A. Chiboucas, BS 66, MBA 67
Mary J. Curwen & Colin W. Chiu, BA 64, MBA 66
Edwina H. & Robert F. Clarke, BA 65, MBA 66
Luanne G. Clayton, BS 66
Marie B. Collins, BS 52 & Leonard G. Collins, MBA 66
James D. Connelly, MBA 66
Ellen Dale, BA 66 & Frithjof J. “Joffa” Dale, BS 66, MBA 67
Annette M. & Roger E. De Pauw, BS 66
Sareta Elliott-Deal & Leonard E. Deal, BS 66
Manfred Eisenmann, MBA 66
Evelyn W. Engelman, BA 68 & Lionel T. Engelman, BS 66, MBA 67
Mildred E. & Robert K. Evans, MBA 66
Jane M. & Paul S. Foster III, BS 66
John R. Fox, BS 66
Sharol J. Giuffre, BS 66
Joan M. Goddard, BA 68 & John W. Goddard, MBA 66
Peter E. Goldberg, BS 66
Linda & Dennis E. Goodman, BS 66
Sharon M. Gregory, BS 66
Donald D. Hawks, BS 66
Judith D. & Clifford H. Higgerson, MBA 66
Vincent V. King, MBA 66
Deidre R. & Steve E. Kolodney, MBA 66
George Kornbluth, BS 66
Ronald S. Lim, MBA 66
Linda E. McClain, BS 66 & John F. McClain III, BS 67
Scott J. McCrea, BS 66, MBA 68
Frances W. & Sanford K. Murata, BS 66
Marcia E. & Bob A. Nichols, BS 66
Terrilee W. & Steven M. Niino, BS 66, MBA 67
Sue D. & Robert G. O’Donnell, BS 65, MBA 66
Susan & Thornton L. Oglove, MBA 66
Elke A. & Douglas G. Paul, BA 64, MBA 66
Lynn A. & Arlon J. Rasmussen, BS 66
Yvonne M. & Eric B. Rasmussen, BS 66, MBA 68
Wrenn & Ronald L. Reynolds, BS 66, MBA 67
Heidi P. Rose, BA 69 & Marshall A. Rose, BS 66
John L. Sakaguchi, BA 64, MBA 66
Elsie Morgan & Joachim Seitz, MBA 66
Sumiko & Muneo Shimbo, MBA 66
Carolyn G. & Rodney F. Sloss, BS 66
Marjie C. & Peter T. Smoot, BS 66
Carol F. Spieker, BA 66 & Warren E. Spieker Jr., BS 66
Tamara T. & Gary R. Spratling, BS 64, MBA 66
Linda B. Stanley, BA 68 & Norman D. Stanley, BS 66
Margaret J. Stebbins, BA 68 & Michael W. Stebbins, BS 66, MBA 67, PhD 72
Ralph M. Swany III, BS 66, MBA 67
Lesley G. & David P. Sweeney, BS 65, MBA 66
Flagg Taylor, MBA 66
Leslie Ann Toole, BA 66 & Howard R. Toole, BS 66, MBA 68
Tamsinn L. & Jon O. Underwood, MBA 66
Joy U. Uyeki, BS 66 & Douglas S. Uyeki, BS 66
Dinoo J. Vanier, MBA 68, MA 69, PhD 70 & Denis K. Vanier, MBA 66
Robert V. Viale, BS 66
Joyce M. & Gregory L. Watson, BS 66, MBA 72
Iantha G. Wessel, BS 66 & Henry C. Wessel
Alan D. Westheimer, MBA 66
Melanie P. & Richard J. Wickersham, BS 66
Charles B. Worsham, BS 66
Anonymous (2)
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Class of 1967
Robert W. Agee, BS 67, MBA 68
Laurence H. Ahlswede, BS 67
Carole A. Akers, BA 68 & Joseph A. Akers, BS 67, MBA 68
Joyce F. & Boris W. Becker, BS 62, MBA 67, PhD 70
Douglas H. Bell, BS 67, MBA 68
Craig L. Berry, MBA 67
Robert R. Bitticks, BS 67
Virginia L. & Jean-Michel Bock, BS 67, MBA 68
Laura M. Bowman, BA 65 & Donald K. Bowman, MBA 67
Owen S. Brown, MBA 67
Karen & Merrill K. Bunker, MBA 67
Carol & Paul G. Carter, BS 66, MBA 67
Camille Chan, BS 67
Donald A. Chiboucas, BS 66, MBA 67
Kay A. Lake & Donald T. Cook, BS 67
Charles Crocker III, MBA 67
Ellen Dale, BA 66 & Frithjof J. “Joffa” Dale, BS 66, MBA 67
Ruby R. Dholakia, BS 67, MBA 69 & Nikhilesh Dholakia
Peter Duffey, BS 67
Robert H. Elsner, BS 67, MBA 68
Evelyn W. Engelman, BA 68 & Lionel T. Engelman, BS 66, MBA 67
Linda J. & Kenneth B. Everett, BS 67
Mary K. & Robert J. Fitzhugh, BA 64, MBA 67
Vivian U. & H. Gifford Fong, BS 67, MBA 69, JD 71
Stephanie & Bruce D. Frolich, MBA 67
Linda K. & Michael R. Gallagher, BS 67, MBA 68
Lauren E. Ganes, BA 70 & Andrew M. Ganes, BS 67
Linda M. & Joseph R. Goglio Jr., BS 67
Maria A. & William J. Hall, BS 67, MBA 71
Cathy L. Hendrickson, BS 67
Anna Maria & J. David Hertzer, MBA 67
Bonnie K. & Robert C. Hetrick Jr., MBA 67
Nancy & Darrell C. Horn, MBA 67
Michael E. Howard, MBA 67
Judith & John C. Kerr, MBA 67
Jahanna M. Knight, BA 84 & Thomas P. Knight, BS 67, MBA 72
Gail Lazarus, BS 67 & Stephen C. Lazarus, BA 68
Carol A. & Milton J. Loo Jr., BS 66, MBA 67
Cynthia B. & John B. Lovewell, BS 67
Michael T. Lyon, MBA 67
Linda E. McClain, BS 66 & John F. McClain III, BS 67
Cynthia D. McCullough, BA 71, MBA 76 & Thomas W. McCullough, BS 67, JD 75, PhD 77
Catherine H. Miller, BA 68 & Robert Miller, MBA 67
Dixie L. Mohan, BA 67 & D. Michael Mohan, BS 67, MBA 68
Judith A. & James R. Morris, BS 65, MBA 67, PhD 72
Jerry S. Mosher, BS 67
Terrilee W. & Steven M. Niino, BS 66, MBA 67
Erik Odfjell, BS 67
Shinya Ogasawara, BS 67
Anita J. & Richard D. Owen, BS 67
Anne M. & John M. Pangborn, MBA 67
Lisle W. Payne, MBA 67
Sally T. & Anthony Pratali, BS 67
Desmond Rea, MBA 67
Wrenn & Ronald L. Reynolds, BS 66, MBA 67
Barbara Fanning Roberts, BS 78 & Eric R. Roberts, BS 67, MBA 68
Eleanor R. & Alan S. Rudnick, MBA 67
Carolyn G. & John L. Sertich, BS 67
Alan D. Shattuck, BS 67
Gunila & Hiroaki Shigeta, BS 67
Michael Shwartz, MBA 67
Kathleen P. Smith, BA 69 & Darrell A. Smith, BS 67
Richard G. Snow Jr., BS 67
Donna O. Stackhouse, BS 67
Margaret J. Stebbins, BA 68 & Michael W. Stebbins, BS 66, MBA 67, PhD 72
Hillary H. Marble, BA 80 & Carl J. Stoney Jr., BS 67, JD 70, MBA 71
Ralph M. Swany III, BS 66, MBA 67
Jeffrey R. Thayer, BS 67
Karen L. & Jeffrey J. Thornton, BS 67, MBA 68
Leslie F. & Allen M. Toy, MBA 67
Nancy Z. Tully, BA 66 & Herbert B. Tully, BS 67
Kathleen L. & Edward C. Westley, BS 67, MBA 68
James T. Wheary, BS 67
Ruth C. & Ronald C. Winkler, BS 67, JD 70
Donna M. & Stephen R. Wood, BA 66, MBA 67
Alan H. Yamamoto, BS 67
Linda R. & Craig B. Young, MBA 67
Anonymous (3)
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Class of 1968
Caroline & Richard Abascal, MBA 68
Denny Abrams, BS 64, MBA 68
Robert W. Agee, BS 67, MBA 68
Carole A. Akers, BA 68 & Joseph A. Akers, BS 67, MBA 68
Margo N. Alexander, BS 68
Connie J. & John S. Banker Jr., BS 68
Marilyn S. Barnett, BA 69 & James K. Barnett, BS 68, MBA 69
Jacqueline A. & Wayne A. Bartholomew, MBA 68
Douglas H. Bell, BS 67, MBA 68
Diana & Laurence W. Berger, MBA 68
Maria Elena & Craig T. Blake, BS 68, MBA 70
Nancy F. & Joseph D. Blum, BS 68, MBA 69
Virginia L. & Jean-Michel Bock, BS 67, MBA 68
Irene H. Boschken, BS 66 & Herman L. Boschken, BS 66, MBA 68
Nancy L. & Steven H. Brandt, MBA 68
David M. Brown, BS 68, MBA 70
William B. Broyles, MBA 68
Robert C. Brush, BS 68, MBA 72
Mary A. & Michael H. Chapman, BS 68
Shirley C. Chow, MBA 68 & Shih-Chi S. Chow, PhD 71
Jeanette J. Cottle, BA 66, MBA 68 & James S. Cottle, MBA 68
Mary A. Craft, MLS 65 & James A. Craft, MBA 63, PhD 68
Madelon A. Davis, BS 68 & Joseph R. Davis
Leslie R. Delugach, BA 72 & Sanford F. DeLugach, BS 68
Cheryl M. Detweiler, BS 68
Edwin C. Duerr, PhD 68
Gail B. Edwards, BA 66 & Thomas M. Edwards Jr., BS 66, MBA 68
Kenneth P. Eggers, BS 68
Whit Ehrler, MBA 68
Robert H. Elsner, BS 67, MBA 68
Madhavi P. & Robert W. Foes Jr., BS 68
Elvia A. Foulke, BS 68 & Peter M. Foulke, BS 68
John E. Frantz, BS 68
Linda K. & Michael R. Gallagher, BS 67, MBA 68
John E. Garretson, MBA 68
David L. Gorham, MBA 68
Edward A. Grant Jr., BS 68
Turid & Arnfin Haavik, MBA 68
Barbara McBride & Earl S. Hamlin, JD 64, MBA 68
Donald W. Haney, MBA 68
Sture Hedlund, MBA 68
Leo B. Helzel, MBA 68, LLM 92
Christy S. Henle, BA 69 & Thomas N. Henle, BS 68
Sylvie F. & Richard F. Hill, BS 68, MBA 69
Cele-Anne & Paul J. Huntzinger, MBA 68
Peter E. Jewell, BS 68
Donna & Liong Tek Kwee, BS 68
Charmaine C. & Stewart S. Leber, MBA 68
Kathleen G. & John N. Madsen, MBA 68
Alice N. & Stephen O. Martin, MBA 68
Richard O. Mason Jr., PhD 68
Diane E. & Kenneth T. Matsuura, MBA 68
Scott J. McCrea, BS 66, MBA 68
John C. McFarland, BS 68
Linda Kazares & Peter Meeks, BS 68
Dixie L. Mohan, BA 67 & D. Michael Mohan, BS 67, MBA 68
Marietta S. & Michael J. Murray, BS 68, MBA 69
Richard C. Nelson, BS 68, MBA 69
John E. Panieri, BS 68
Kathleen L. & George O. Proper, BS 68
Richard D. Rands, BS 68
Yvonne M. & Eric B. Rasmussen, BS 66, MBA 68
Barbara Fanning Roberts, BS 78 & Eric R. Roberts, BS 67, MBA 68
John B. Ryan, MBA 68
Karl-Johan M. Sallner, MBA 68
Harjinderit & Kartar S. Sidhu-Brar, BS 68, MBA 70
Loanne M. & Peter J. Slapar, BS 68
Mary R. & Peter K. Swentzel, BS 63, MBA 68
Karen L. & Jeffrey J. Thornton, BS 67, MBA 68
Leslie Ann Toole, BA 66 & Howard R. Toole, BS 66, MBA 68
Dinoo J. Vanier, MBA 68, MA 69, PhD 70 & Denis K. Vanier, MBA 66
Veda & Robert N. Weatherbee, MBA 68, JD 71
Shirley H. & Richard M. Weber, BS 68, MBA 69
Kathleen L. & Edward C. Westley, BS 67, MBA 68
Sydney L. Wishon, BA 68 & Emory Wishon, MBA 68
Anonymous
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Class of 1969
Karen Snyder & Michael J. Ambrosi, MBA 69
Elaine & David L. Arthur, BS 69, PhD 77
Daniel D. Asera, BS 69
Jan & Gert Assmus, MBA 69, PhD 71
Marilyn S. Barnett, BA 69 & James K. Barnett, BS 68, MBA 69
Dan Bertozzi Jr., BA 66, MBA 69, JD 71
Tore Bjorn-Hansen, BS 69
Mina S. Bliss, BA 01 & James A. Bliss, MBA 69
Nancy F. & Joseph D. Blum, BS 68, MBA 69
Russell L. Bohne, BS 69
Stephen P. Bradley, BS 60, MBA 69
Maria L. Bullen, BS 69, MBA 70
Dennis D. Carlston, BS 69, MBA 72
Elaine T. Chen, MA 66, PhD 76 & Andrew H. Chen, MA 64, PhD 69
Albert Coppin, BS 69, MBA 70
David S. Curry, MBA 69
Ronald J. Day, BS 69, MBA 70
Ruby R. Dholakia, BS 67, MBA 69 & Nikhilesh Dholakia
David T. Dickson, MS 64, MBA 69
James T. Doudiet, BS 67, MBA 69
Karen A. & Norman E. Eilert, MBA 69
Ana M. Blanco & Paul Eveloff, MBA 69
Vacharee B. & Gordon A. Fell, BS 69
Steven L. Finston, BS 69, MBA 70
Vivian U. & H. Gifford Fong, BS 67, MBA 69, JD 71
Jeanne & Richard W. George, BA 67, MBA 69
Philip M. Glassey, MBA 69
Catherine M. & David E. Good, MBA 69
Margaret M. Grandy, MA 67, MLS 69 & Arthur H. Grandy, BA 67, MBA 69
Susan S. Hamlen, BS 69
Lee M. Harris, BS 69
Sharon T. Hasegawa, BS 69
Sylvie F. & Richard F. Hill, BS 68, MBA 69
Stella Y. Hsu, MA 72 & Hilary K. Hsu, MS 66, MBA 69
Peggy & Robert J. Inadomi, BS 69
Grant M. Inman, MBA 69
S. Allan Johnson, BS 59, MBA 69
Elizabeth & Larry S. Jones, BS 69
Robert M. Kagan, BA 65, MBA 69
Eric C. Kastner, BS 69
Susan G. & Gerald S. Knapp, BS 65, MBA 69
Harry R. Kramp Jr., MBA 69
Antje L. & Helmut H. Lange, BA 61, MBA 69
Donald W. Lloyd, MBA 69
Kathryn K. & John F. Longinotti, MBA 69
Wallace M. Lowry, MBA 69
May W. & Robert K. Mah, BS 69, MBA 70
Richard Martin, BS 69
Beverly K. & Neal K. Matsunaga, BS 69, MBA 70
Carol K. Meyer, BS 69, MBA 71
Sharon H. & Scott R. Miller, MBA 69
Rodney S. Moriyama, MBA 69
Marietta S. & Michael J. Murray, BS 68, MBA 69
Cathy M. & John J. Natt, MBA 69
Richard C. Nelson, BS 68, MBA 69
Darriell & William R. Nelson, MBA 69
Barbara A. & Dennis J. O’Hern, MBA 69
Claire K. & Lewis M. Okser, MBA 69
Shawna B. Parry, BS 69 & H. Laird Parry Jr.
Patricia S. Peterson, BA 66, MA 67, MBA 69 & Bruce G. Peterson, BS 63, MS 69
Rowland R. Reeves, BS 69
Gary R. Robinson, BS 62, MBA 69
Irina Yartseva & John D. Sattui, MBA 69
Beatriz & Kenneth G. Sayles, BS 69
Thurlene Collins & Karl A. Schmidt, BS 69, JD 74
Keiko T. & Jerry A. Schneider, BS 69
Barbara R. & Barry H. Silberman, MBA 69
Daphne K. & Dean M. Suzuki, MBA 69
Erma H. Takeda, BA 69 & Kent M. Takeda, BS 69, MBA 71
Candace S. & Jeffrey M. Taylor, BS 69
Constance M. & John E. Trewin, MBA 69
Ralph D. Vatalaro, BS 65, MBA 69
Barbara J. Walker, BA 69 & Glenn M. Walker, BS 69, MBA 76
Carol C. & R. Jack Weber, PhD 69
Shirley H. & Richard M. Weber, BS 68, MBA 69
Merrill B. Weech, BA 66, MBA/JD 69
Warren L. Wheelwright Jr., MBA 69
Alan T. White, BS 69
Carolyn & Kunimatsu Yamamoto, MS 69
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Class of 1970
Katherine M. Allman, BA 70, BS 70
Joyce F. & Boris W. Becker, BS 62, MBA 67, PhD 70
Muriel H. Bentsen, BS 70, MBA 71 & Donald R. Bentsen
Maria Elena & Craig T. Blake, BS 68, MBA 70
Neil E. Boyle, MBA 70
Linda R. Briggs, BS 70, MBA 71
David M. Brown, BS 68, MBA 70
Janet L. Brown, BA 71 & Robert B. Brown, BS 70
Maria L. Bullen, BS 69, MBA 70
Marta Calas, MBA 70
Margaretta J. & John B. Caouette, MBA 70
Caryn A. Clark, BS 70 & Gary L. Clark, BS 65
Rebecca F. Lamoreaux & Anthony Constantouros, BS 70
Albert Coppin, BS 69, MBA 70
Ronald J. Day, BS 69, MBA 70
Barbara K. Doctor, MBA 82 & Gautam H. Doctor, MBA 70
Vickie Radeke-Earl & Elliot S. Earl, BS 70, MBA 72
Steven L. Finston, BS 69, MBA 70
Gisela Franken, BS 70, MBA 72 & Walter Ohlemutz
Suzanne & Edward F. Gallagher, MBA 70
Richard H. Ghio, MBA 70
Charles B. Golson, BA 67, MBA 70
David W. Goold, BS 70
Richard Gorringe, MBA 70
Cynthia R. Easton-Hafkenschiel, BA 72 & Joseph H. Hafkenschiel III, MBA 70
Carol L. & William E. Halal, MBA 70, PhD 71
Estate of Carol Inberg
Frances & Larry M. Karp, BS 70
Abigail R. Kirst, BA 71 & Jeffrey J. Kirst, BS 70
Ruth T. Koch, BA 69 & Jonathan E. Koch, BS 67, MBA 70
Virginia V. Kroncke, BA 71 & William W. Kroncke, BS 70
Steven M. Kwong, BS 70
Sally R. Lecomte, BA 70 & Jean-François Lecomte, MBA 70
James M. Lee, MBA 70
David H. Leggat, BS 70
Stephen W. Lunt, BS 70
May W. & Robert K. Mah, BS 69, MBA 70
Beverly K. & Neal K. Matsunaga, BS 69, MBA 70
William P. McDowell, MBA 70
Jack R. Meredith, MBA 70, PhD 72
Gilbert Michael Meyer, MBA 70
Teena P. & Jack D. Miller, BS 70
Patricia N. & Gerald Montmorency, BS 70
Abbas Nadim, MBA 70
Annie H. Ng, BS 73, MBA 75 & David S. Ng, BA 70, BS 70, MBA 72, PhD 75
Nancy H. Parker, BA 71 & Gene F. Parker, BS 70, MBA 71
Ann M. Perrelli, BA 71 & Joseph F. Perrelli, BS 65, MBA 70
Kathleen M. & Patrick J. Regan, MBA 70
Joyce M. Reitter, BA 74 & George W. Reitter, MBA 70
Elaine M. & Bruce M. Richard, MBA 70
Lucille G. & John A. Rosicky, MBA 70
Nancy A. & Henry J. Salvo, BS 70
Stuart H. Sampson, BS 70
Ellen & Richard V. Sandler, BS 70
Paula J. & David J. Schaffner, MBA 70
Betty G. Schink, MBA 70
Arthur L. Shearer, MBA 70
Harjinderit & Kartar S. Sidhu-Brar, BS 68, MBA 70
Alan F. Spanier, JD 69, MBA 70
Richard V. Stenson, BS 70
Miriam Norten & Alex Stolarski, BS 69, MBA 70
Lauren Y. Tom, BA 78, MArch 81 & Phillip L. Stone, BS 70
Ranney W. Thayer, MBA 70
Karen & Victor S. Trione, MBA 70
Dinoo J. Vanier, MBA 68, MA 69, PhD 70 & Denis K. Vanier, MBA 66
Edward A. Wagner, BS 70
Lenore A. & Joseph G. Walsh, BS 70, MBA 71
Karen & Charles M. Wanczyk, MBA 70
Lorraine H. Warshaw, BS 70
Ellen C. Swartwout-Weston & Barry D. Weston, BS 70
Frederick M. Ybarra, MBA 70
Peter A. Young, MBA 70
Thomas E. Zeiger, BS 70
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Class of 1971
Jan & Gert Assmus, MBA 69, PhD 71
Paula A. Barnes, BA 71 & Steven C. Barnes, BS 71
Dian O. Barth, BA 64 & David K. Barth, MBA 71
Leslie J. Beassie, BS 71
Larry E. Bell, MBA 71
Muriel H. Bentsen, BS 70, MBA 71 & Donald R. Bentsen
John C. Bigler, MBA 71
Sheila A. Amoroso & John M. Blackmore, MBA 71
Linda R. Briggs, BS 70, MBA 71
Mary J. & John P. Bronson, BS 71
Beverly A. & Norman S. Brown, BS 71
Sherri Smith Bullard BA 72 & Jed Bullard BS 71
Helen C. Bulwik, BS 71, MBA 72
Gaylord C. Burke Jr., MBA 71
Steven R. Caria, BS 71
Faye & Robert V. Caruso, MBA 71
Po L. & Darryl Chan, BS 71
Bruce T. Chemel, MBA 71
James Chu, BS 71
Susan Collins, BS 71
John F. Crist, MBA 71
Neela S. & Sudhakar D. Deshmukh, PhD 71
Ronald E. Edwards, BS 71
Rebecca S. Parlette-Edwards & Thomas W. Edwards, MBA 71
Lynn F. & Henry A. Fanger, MBA 71
James C. Felchlin, MBA 71
Paul Fong Jr., BS 71
Ronald G. Fong, BS 71
Richard L. Fuller, MBA 71
Gary D. Fullerton, MS 71
Regina R. & Kevork M. Garabedian, BS 71
Rossana W. Gaw, BS 71
David M. Greer, BS 71
Eva & Günther Grewe, MCrim 70, MBA 71, DCrim 75
Carol L. & William E. Halal, MBA 70, PhD 71
Maria A. & William J. Hall, BS 67, MBA 71
Margaret E. Hayes, BS 71
Peggy J. Hill, BA 66 & Alan J. Hill, BS 67, MBA 71
Kohchee Hwang, MBA 71
Richard J. Izmirian, MBA 71
Norval W. Jasper Jr., MBA 71
Linda N. & David E. Jones, MBA 71
Margo A. & David R. Kelly, MBA 71
Barbara A. & Robert L. Kimmel, BS 71
Richard D. Knox Jr., BS 71
Helen C. & Gary S. Kress, BS 71
Donald R. Kummer, MBA 71
Betty L. Kwong, BS 71 & Larry C. Kwong, BS 70
Frank F. L’Engle, MBA 71
Christa A. Lawrence, BA 73 & Jeffrey B. Lawrence, BS 71, MBA 72
John H. Lee, BS 71
Nancy M. Lee, BS 71
Martin G. Lyons, MBA 71
Susan & Olav Lyssand, BS 71
Douglas L. MacLachlan, BA 62, MBA 65, MA 70, PhD 71
Sharon L. Mann, BA 71 & Jack I. Mann, BS 71
Lee W. Mather Jr., MBA 71
Margarete & Serge Matulich, PhD 71
Donald T. McBride, MS 71
Linda M. McCoy, BA 68, MBA 71 & Michel G. McCoy, BA 69, PhD 75
Theresa B. McEntee, BA 71 & Matthew A. McEntee, MBA 71, JD 74
Susan E. Messina, MA 90, EdD 03 & Joseph M. Messina, MBA 71, PhD 79
Carol K. Meyer, BS 69, MBA 71
Vicki & Peter H. Michael, MBA 71
Luis A. Montero, MBA 71
Costanza & Jorge P. Montoya, BS 69, MBA 71
Arata Nambu, MBA 71
Suzi & David S. Norris, BS 71
Charles A. O’Reilly III, MBA 71, PhD 75
George J. Oliva, MBA 71
Lynn & Jonathan Orellana, MBA 71
Virginia B. & John T. Owen, MBA 71
Nancy H. Parker, BA 71 & Gene F. Parker, BS 70, MBA 71
Robert B. Polacchi, BS 71, MBA 73
Marilyn G. Fong, BA 71 & Kenneth Pon, BS 71
Lester S. Roddy, MBA 71
Darien E. Roseen, BS 66, MBA 71
William A. Sellier, BS 71, MA 76
Debra A. & Stephen C. Smith, MBA 71
Hillary H. Marble, BA 80 & Carl J. Stoney Jr., BS 67, JD 70, MBA 71
Lawrence R. Sturm, MBA 71
Erma H. Takeda, BA 69 & Kent M. Takeda, BS 69, MBA 71
Magda & Carlos G. Uriarte, BS 71
Diane M. & Robert H. Wagner, BS 71, MBA 73
Lenore A. & Joseph G. Walsh, BS 70, MBA 71
Tom D. Whitaker, MBA 71
Janet H. & Thomas H. Wong, BS 71, MBA 73
Cora T. Woo, BS 71 & Victor Woo, BS 70, MBA 72
Christopher B. Woodward, BS 71, MBA 76
Stephen H. Yee, BS 71
Susan S. & Robert T. Yoshioka, MBA 71
Brenda J. & Victor A. Young, BS 71
Joselito Z. Yujuico, BS 69, MBA 71
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Class of 1972
Kenneth M. Ashford, MBA 72
Dawn A. & Kenneth Barngrover, BS 72
Nasreen Amanat & Mohammad R. Bengali, BS 72, MBA 74
Anne P. & George P. Birdsong III, MBA 72
Peggy Learning & Claude J. Bishop, BS 72
Robert C. Brush, BS 68, MBA 72
Helen C. Bulwik, BS 71, MBA 72
Dennis D. Carlston, BS 69, MBA 72
Victoria O. Chan, BA 73 & Leland L. Chan, BS 72
Philip W. Chew, BS 72
Linda L. Clerici Hausrath, BA 69, MBA 72 & Les A. Hausrath, BA 69, JD 73
Harry W. Cozad, BA 66, MBA 72
James A. Della, BS 72
Karl M. Dobrinich, MBA 72
James F. Duggan, MBA 72
Vickie Radeke-Earl & Elliot S. Earl, BS 70, MBA 72
Chere & Paul Elsinga, BS 72
Nelson J. Estrada, BS 72
Lisa Jo Silva & Michael B. Evans, BS 72, MPH 75
Marsha S. Foley, MBA 72 & John F. Foley
Dianne L. & David R. Forster, BS 72, MBA 73
Karen S. Francisco, MBA 72
Gisela Franken, BS 70, MBA 72 & Walter Ohlemutz
Barbara L. & Thomas E. Gaffney, BS 66, MBA 72
Fabio B. Garcia, MBA 72
Sylvia B. & James C. Garrett, MBA 72
Yoshiko & Vladimir R. Grave, BS 72
Mary C. Del Portillo, BA 72, JD 75 & Kevin M. Hagerty, BS 72
Walter S. Hallanan III, BS 72
Jacqueline & Paul W. Hammond, MBA 72
Christy S. Hooper, BA 72 & Thomas E. Hooper, BS 72, MBA 75
Victoria S. & Lawrence R. Johnson, BS 72
Robert E. Jones, BS 67, MS 71, MBA 72
Cathy & Fred M. Katz, BS 72
Jahanna M. Knight, BA 84 & Thomas P. Knight, BS 67, MBA 72
Deborah L. Koo, BS 72
James L. Koskinen, BS 72
Christa A. Lawrence, BA 73 & Jeffrey B. Lawrence, BS 71, MBA 72
Peter D. Lee, BS 72
Carolyn C. & Robert Lee, MBA 72
Margaret Q. & Bruce W. Madding, BS 72
Michael S. Masuda, BS 72
Laurence A. Maurer, MBA 72
Christine A. & Robert K. McCann, BA 71, MBA 72
David E. Meders, BS 72
Jack R. Meredith, MBA 70, PhD 72
Judith A. & James R. Morris, BS 65, MBA 67, PhD 72
Susan S. Muranishi, BA 71 & John A. Muranishi, MBA 72
Paul J. Neumann, BS 72
Annie H. Ng, BS 73, MBA 75 & David S. Ng, BA 70, BS 70, MBA 72, PhD 75
Marc C. Paulsen, BS 72, MBA 74
Denise & Raymond G. Pounds, BS 72
Teresa B. & Alan J. Pricco, BS 72
Edwin Quan, BS 72
Leanne M. & Richard H. Reel Jr., MBA 72
Nancy L. & James E. Rhodes, MBA 72
Leonard J. Richards, BS 72
Allyson R. Rickard, MPH 77 & Ralph E. Rickard, MBA 72
Suzanne E. Riessen, BA 71, MBA 72 & Jerry A. Riessen
Janice E. Rohde, BA 73 & Douglas A. Rohde, BS 72
Andrea & Brian D. Rowbotham, BS 72, MBA 73
Ann W. Schweichler, BA 65 & Lee J. Schweichler, MBA 72
Vidhya & Sethu Sekhar, MBA 72
Danielle L. Shelley, MLS 77 & Robert E. Shelley, MBA 72
Richard J. Simmons, MBA 72
Charles C. Snow, PhD 72
Kathleen L. Stasulis, BS 72 & Steven S. Stasulis
Margaret J. Stebbins, BA 68 & Michael W. Stebbins, BS 66, MBA 67, PhD 72
John L. Sullivan Jr., MBA 72
Teresa P. Suttle, BS 72, MBA 73 & John C. Suttle, MBA 73
Heidi & Chek F. Tan, MBA 72
Sari L. Teplin, BS 72 & Stuart W. Teplin
Karla K. & Kenneth D. Walters, PhD 72
Joyce M. & Gregory L. Watson, BS 66, MBA 72
Phillip M. Wenger, BS 72, MBA 74
Andrea & Donald S. Willett, MBA 72
Jeri L. Wong, BS 72 & J. Tim Wong
Russell J. Wong, BS 72, MBA 74
Linda & David Woo, BA 70, MBA 72
Pamela Wong & Pedro P. Woo, BS 70, MBA 72
Cora T. Woo, BS 71 & Victor Woo, BS 70, MBA 72
Janet & Theodore J. Zouzounis, BS 72
Anonymous
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Class of 1973
Anna S. Au, BS 73 & Thomas Au
Beverly & Frederick R. Baugh Jr., MBA 73
Sonia & Frank W. Begert Jr., BS 73
Richard N. Berger, BS 73
Mary N. & Edward A. Berruezo, BS 73
Mary Pfeifer & Kenneth C. Brill, MBA 73
Susan & Thomas P. Broderick, BS 73, MBA 74
Elmer B. Brown Jr., BS 73
Rebecca M. & Ernie G. Bumatay, MBA 73
Melvin A. Burruss, BS 73
Catherine Coates, BS 67, MBA 73
Patricia A. & David J. Curry, PhD 73
Robert T. Dexter, BS 73
Margaret S. De Haven & Robert E. Dunkle, MBA 73
Pauline P. & James C. Eaves, MBA 73
David R. Eckles, MBA 73
Patrick G. Ellsberg, MBA 73
Dianne L. & David R. Forster, BS 72, MBA 73
Alan E. Fox, MBA 73
Sharon R. & Thomas J. Francis, BS 73
Charles H. Gibbs, MBA 73
Willow N. & David M. Goi, BS 73
Richard K. Gray, BS 73
Louise A. & Thomas A. Guest, MBA 73
Nirmala A. & Ajit V. Gujar, MS 71, MBA 73
Marianne K. & Brian R. Hallet, BS 73, MBA 76
William L. Harrison, PhD 73
Bente & Mogens C. Hugo, MBA 73
Rose Y. Huie, BS 73, MBA 75
Shirley W. Jew, BS 73
John D. Kessler, BS 73
Sook-Hi Kim & Chang-Yung Koh, BS 73
Deborah A. & John M. Larson, BS 73
Frank T. Lee, BS 73
Kyoko Tanno-Lim & George A. Lim, BS 73
William C. Lum, BS 73, MBA 75
Janet D. & William G. Maimone, BS 73, MBA 86
William F. Martin Jr., BS 65, MBA 73, MS 73
Doretta M. & Robert W. Marwin, MBA 73
William V. Mattson, MBA 73
Andrew A. Mitchell, PhD 73
Joseph G. Montoya, BS 73
Angela B. & Albert T. Nassi, BS 73
Thomas S. Newman, MBA 73
Annie H. Ng, BS 73, MBA 75 & David S. Ng, BA 70, BS 70, MBA 72, PhD 75
Penny S. & Richard A. Nielsen, MBA 73
Elizabeth H. & Morgan D. Oliver, BS 73
Stephanie K. Pearson, BS 73
Elaine S. Perttula, BA 69, MPH 73 & Leslie W. Perttula, MBA 73
Robert B. Polacchi, BS 71, MBA 73
Susan K. Pomeroy, BA 74 & Robert D. Pomeroy Jr., BS 73, MBA 74
Andrea & Brian D. Rowbotham, BS 72, MBA 73
Linda M. Sasaki, BA 71, MA 72 & Allen H. Sasaki, MBA 73
Robert J. Scott, MBA 73
Vinay Sharma, BS 73, MBA 74
Teresa P. Suttle, BS 72, MBA 73 & John C. Suttle, MBA 73
Marty H. Todd, BS 73
Susan F. Tohbe, BA 69, MBA 73 & Charles M. Peterson
John G. Turner, BS 73
Zanna & Tomek Ulatowski, MBA 73
Richard G. Viray, BS 73
May C. Volkman, BS 73, MBA 75
Diane M. & Robert H. Wagner, BS 71, MBA 73
Mary E. & Louis P. Warchot, BA 69, MBA/JD 73
Terry D. Waters, BS 73
Karyn & Robert W. Weed, BS 73, MBA 79
Jane S. Wolcott, BA 68 & John O. Wolcott, MBA 73
Esther & Lawrence J. Wolheim, MBA 73
Cecilia N. Wong, BS 73, MBA 75 & Joseph K. Wong, BS 68, PhD 76
Diane J. & Kenneth C. Wong, BS 73
Siew & Nelson N. Wong, BS 73
Janet H. & Thomas H. Wong, BS 71, MBA 73
Mary & Henry W. Yee, BS 73
Robert K. Yee, BS 73
Anonymous
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Class of 1974
Kathleen R. & Stephen M. Akers, MBA 74
Jennifer A. & Andrew A. Allcroft, BS 74
Mary P. Bailey, BS 74 & James C. Bailey
Nina Hoffmann & Lawrence J. Batina, BS 74
Allen Benedetti Jr., MBA 74
Nasreen Amanat & Mohammad R. Bengali, BS 72, MBA 74
Karen R. Glasscock-Bergin & Michael L. Bergin, BS 74
Carol A. & James A. Bly, BS 74
Helen C. Bond, BS 74 & Jonathan R. Bond
Maureen & George E. Bradish, MBA 74
Janet M. Brady, BS 74, MBA 76
Benjamin N. Braver, BS 74, MBA 75
Joseph F. Brilando, BA 72, MBA 74
Susan & Thomas P. Broderick, BS 73, MBA 74
Carl S. Brown, BS 74, MBA 76
Lorelie M. Castro-Perez, BS 74 & Anthony Perez
Ellen D. Chan, BA 73 & Anthony Y. Chan, BS 74
Sue H. & Jeffrey G. Chan, BA 71, MBA 74
Teri & Jess G. Chan, BS 74
Anna M. & Robert S. Chance, BS 74
Maureen & Michael K. Cheng, BS 74, MBA 75
Catherine E. & Michael T. Clarke, MBA 74
Frederick A. Daniels, BS 74
Anne W. Englert, BS 74 & Stephen L. Englert, BA 74
Maria J. Errunza, MA 71 & Vihang R. Errunza, MS 64, PhD 74
Merle N. & Cox Ferrall Jr., MBA 74
Charlene D. & Alan D. Fong, BS 74
Pamela H. & William J. Fong, BA 72, MBA 74
Sharon D. & John D. Fulton, BS 74
Constance B. Guerin, BS 74, MBA 82
Jill P. & Edward G. Henderson, BS 74
Debra L. & Conrad F. Hohener III, BS 74
Cheryl K. & Jeffrey A. Hylton, BS 74
Victoria E. & Mark T. Idzal, MBA 74
Rosemarie & William C. Jackson, BS 74
Greg Johnson, BS 74
Laura M. & Abbott J. Keller, MBA 74
Maureen & Jeffrey R. Kemp, BS 74
Gayle S. Kong, BS 96, OD 78 & David Kong, BS 72, MBA 74
Waiphin & Liong Seen Kwee, BS 74
Robert G. Lee, BS 74
Ned A. Leiba, BS 74, MBA 83
Karen M. & Terence R. Leon, BA 71, MBA 74
Lola Chan & Gary S. Leung, BS 74, MBA 77
Nina & Jay T. Lewis, BS 74
Danny C. Luk, BS 74
Thomas A. May, BS 74
Laura L. & Robert S. McMillan, BS 74
Kathleen Y. & Walter Y. Menda, BS 74
Susan K. & William M. Neilson, MBA 74
Nancy A. & Christopher J. Nelle, BS 74
Gary F. Newton, BS 74, MBA 75
Kathleen L. & Arnold R. Nixon, BS 74
Keith S. Ono, BS 74
Paul S. Otellini, MBA 74
Marc C. Paulsen, BS 72, MBA 74
Mia S. & James F. Perna, MBA 74, JD 76
Judith A. & Philip R. Perry, MBA 74, PhD 79
Carol R. & Thomas Pinckney II, MBA 74
Susan K. Pomeroy, BA 74 & Robert D. Pomeroy Jr., BS 73, MBA 74
Brenda L. & Tilman Pugh, MBA 74
Carolyn C. & Bryant M. Pulley, MBA 74
Dale C. Radcliff, BS 74, MBA 75
Triston J. Rosenberger, BS 66, MBA 74
Janet N. & Donald P. Russell, BS 74
Elizabeth L. Schatz, BS 74, MBA 80 & Edward M. Schatz
Nancy T. Schlatter, BA 75 & Charles C. Schlatter, BS 74
Patricia A. & Peter F. Scott Jr., BS 74, MBA 76
Vinay Sharma, BS 73, MBA 74
Tina H. & David E. Skinner, MBA 74
Diane F. & Edmund B. Taylor Jr., MBA 74
Elizabeth A. & Stephen W. Thompson, MBA 74
Margery L. Tom, BS 74
Iris N. & Philip K. Uehisa, BA 74, BS 74, MBA 76
Brenda B. & Richard Ulyate, BS 74
Astolfo Vazquez Jr., BS 74
Elizabeth S. & Robert W. Voss, BS 74, MBA 76
Bruce E. Ward, BS 74
Susan R. & Randolph A. Weil, MBA 74
Karen L. Maas, BA 75, MBA 81 & Steven J. Weinzimmer, BS 74, MBA 75
Phillip M. Wenger, BS 72, MBA 74
Mary J. & William B. Whitlow Jr., MBA 74
Elizabeth A. Williams, BA 75 & John E. Williams Jr., BS 74, MBA 80
Lee W. Williams, BS 74
Russell J. Wong, BS 72, MBA 74
Anita S. & Ronald W. Yee, BA 70, MBA 74
Cindi & Barton E. Young, BS 74, MBA 76
Elizabeth R. & Thomas G. Young, MBA 74
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Class of 1975
Anita L. Abramowitz, BS 75 & Marc L. Abramowitz, BA 74
James A. Auffenberg Jr., MBA 75
Kathryn L. & Harold G. Barclay Jr., MBA 75
Bruce G. Bentz, BS 75
Shankar Bhattacharya, MBA 75
Veronica A. & Sunil R. Bhonsle, MBA 75
Benjamin N. Braver, BS 74, MBA 75
Susan M. Vinella-Brusher & William J. Brusher, MBA 75
J. L. Burke, MBA 75
Laureen B. Chang, MBA 75 & Peter C. Brockett
Maureen & Michael K. Cheng, BS 74, MBA 75
Lily L. & Calvin W. Chu, BS 75
Teresa F. Chu, BS 75 & William W. Chu, BS 72, MEng 74, DEng 76
LaVaughn A. & Theodore W. Craig, BS 62, MBA 75
A. Gail Crawford, BS 75 & Robin L. Crawford, BS 75
Linda W. Crittondon, BS 75 & William H. Crittondon Jr.
Mark De la Torre, BS 75
Richard J. Denzin, BS 75
Nora W. & John B. Doolittle, MBA 75
Kathleen G. Correia, BS 76 & Stephen A. Evans, BS 75, MBA 78
Kathleen E. Faris, BS 75 & David C. Faris
Joseph L. Garrett, BA 70, MBA 75
Connie B. Gee, BS 75
Robert L. Gutierrez, BS 75
Darrel W. Harris, MBA 75
Cindy K. & Randall B. Hedrick, BS 75
Christy S. Hooper, BA 72 & Thomas E. Hooper, BS 72, MBA 75
Susanne L. Houfek, MBA 75
Rose Y. Huie, BS 73, MBA 75
Carolyn Sue Foster Jhung, MBA 75
Bonnie Jung, BS 75 & Roger W. Jung, BS 75
Warren P. Kashiwagi, BS 75
Richard T. Kenmotsu, MBA 75
Christian C. Kienast, BS 75
Elizabeth & Gregg J. King, BS 75
Marilyn C. & Michael T. King, BS 75
Alice D. Leahey, MBA 75
Marjorie & Christopher G. Lee, BS 75, MBA 79
Susan W. Lee, BS 75
Susan K. Leonard, BS 75, MBA 76
Janet Leong Contreras, BS 75 & Pedro A. Contreras, BA 75
Patricia A. Leugers, BS 75 & Jerome Leugers
Nancy Y. Lewellen, BA 67, MBA 75
Selina E. Lim, BA 85 & Robert Lim, BS 75
Patricia M. & Michael A. Lum, BS 75
William C. Lum, BS 73, MBA 75
Sidney C. Mar, BS 75, MBA 76
Steven S. Marquard, MBA 75
Leslie K. Mardsen & Robert B. Marsden, BS 75, MBA 77
Susan E. Marsh, BS 75
Denice A. Nakamura, BS 75 & Dean S. Nakamura, BA 74
Julie Lytle & J. Scott Nesbit, BS 75
Gary F. Newton, BS 74, MBA 75
Annie H. Ng, BS 73, MBA 75 & David S. Ng, BA 70, BS 70, MBA 72, PhD 75
Joan F. Stigliano & Peter B. Nicholas, BS 75, MBA 77
Charles A. O’Reilly III, MBA 71, PhD 75
Jacquelyn E. Stanley, MSW 75, DSW 82 & Kudret Oztap, MBA 75
Rosalind Palmer Ono, BS 75
Maryanne Petersen, MBA 75 & Robert C. Petersen, MBA 75
V. S J. Prakash, MS 72, MBA 75
Kristine E. Quinn, BA 75 & John J. Quinn III, BS 75
Dale C. Radcliff, BS 74, MBA 75
Carol M. Raney, BA 77 & Thomas P. Raney, BS 75
Dewey R. Rosetti, MBA 75 & William J. Rosetti
Robert C. Rumold, MBA 75
Alice G. Saunders, BA 75 & George B. Saunders, BS 75
Candace W. & Curtis E. Sawyer, MBA 75
Norman W. Schlinger, BS 75
Sharon T. & Martin D. Seiden, BS 75
Rene Y. & Stanley Y. Siu, BS 75
Judy M. Smith, BS 77 & Michael G. Smith, BS 75
Patricia & Jon F. Stocum, BS 75
Marie-José & Heinrich F. Stucki, MBA 75
Carolyn K. Tomooka, BS 75
Robert Tracy Jr., BS 75
Lynne M. & Jeffrey J. Vines, MBA 75
May C. Volkman, BS 73, MBA 75
David S. Walker, BS 75
Janice S. Weiger, BS 75
Karen L. Maas, BA 75, MBA 81 & Steven J. Weinzimmer, BS 74, MBA 75
Lynn E. Wolter, BA 76 & Jonathan R. Wolter, BS 75
Cecilia N. Wong, BS 73, MBA 75 & Joseph K. Wong, BS 68, PhD 76
Mitchell G. Wong, BA 72, MBA 75
Sophia S. Wong, BS 75 & George C. Wong, BA 76
Winnie W. Wong, BS 75 & Stanley C. Wong
Phillips P. Yee, BS 75
Teresa W. Yee, BS 75 & Steve S. Yee
Anonymous
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Class of 1976
Pamela S. Adams, BS 76 & Tom H. Adams
Jennifer T. Anderson, BS 76
Sylvia S. & Carlton K. Au, MBA 76
William N. Baker, MBA 76
Arie Baran, PhD 76
Patricia & Ernest J. Bastien III, BS 76
Alfred B. Bledsoe Jr., BS 62, MBA 76
Charles M. Boettger, BS 76
Janet M. Brady, BS 74, MBA 76
Nena J. Brogan, BA 77 & Kevin H. Brogan, BS 76
Carl S. Brown, BS 74, MBA 76
Kathleen R. Brown, BS 76 & Gary E. Brown, BA 64
Pamela A. & John P. Campagna, MBA 76
W. Bradford Carson Jr., BS 76
Colette C. & Clifford L. Case, MBA 76
Charles M. Chan, BS 76
Cecilia & Cho F. Chan, BS 76, MBA 77
Sandra H. Chen, BS 80 & Denny D. Chen, BS 76, MBA 77, JD 81
Elaine T. Chen, MA 66, PhD 76 & Andrew H. Chen, MA 64, PhD 69
Heidi T. Chien, BS 76 & Freddie S. Chien, BS 75
Lynn S. & Brian Connolly, BS 76
Kathleen G. Correia, BS 76 & Stephen A. Evans, BS 75, MBA 78
Lorraine D. & Graham L. Covington, MBA 76
James M. Cunha, MBA 76
Alyse C. DeFazio, BS 76
Barbara J. Desoer, MBA 77 & Marc J. Desoer, BA 74, MBA 76
Douglas G. DeVivo, MBA 76
Alanna B. Dittoe, BS 77 & John E. Dittoe, BS 76
William S. Dittoe, BS 76, MBA 81
Diana Dong, BS 76 & Jerry Wang
Bruce L. Doty, MBA 76
Kathleen M. & Richard W. Draper, BS 76
Trish & Dennis M. Drew, BS 76
Frederick D. Drew Jr., MBA 76
Diana & Coby L. Dunn, MBA 76
Robin W. Dushman, MBA 76
Ellen M. & Thomas R. Dwyer, BS 76
Anne M. & Karel V. Fisher, MBA 76
Yu Yim Ngan & Ann K. Fok, MBA 76
Thuy N. & Michael K. Fujimoto, MBA 76
Catherine A. Gambotto, MBA 76
Teruyoshi Goto, MBA 76
Denise A. & George Gustafsson, MBA 76
Rachael L. Hagner, MArch 81 & Charles Hagner, MBA 76
Marianne K. & Brian R. Hallet, BS 73, MBA 76
Claire & John Harbottle, BS 76
Annie L. Harvey, BS 76 & Michael T. Harvey
Donna & Martin C. Hauser, BS 76
Jo A. & Jeffrey Helman, MBA 76
Robert L. Hillberg, BS 76, MBA 77
Rebecca L. Hoefer, MBA 76 & David A. Dunlop
Shelley L. & Allan M. Holt, MBA 76
Roberta J. Hunter, BS 76 & Leland S. Hunter
Joan & Mark D. Innes, BS 76
B. Christie Jones, BS 76
Sidney S. Jordan, MBA 76
Elizabeth G. Juncosa, MBA 76
Roxanne M. & Eric J. Kallio, BS 76
Joyce S. & Joel A. Kaplan, BA 74, MBA 76
Kathleen M. Kellar, BA 74 & William O. Kellar, BA 75, MBA 76
Ann M. & Mark J. Kenyon, BS 76
Nicola R. & Jordan R. Kerner, MBA 76
Christine & Vreij Kolandjian, MBA 76
Jane & Mark E. Kolling, BA 74, MBA 76
Terry & R. Gregory Krause, BS 76
Jaydene & Michael A. Laros, MBA 76
Judy & Creighton L. Lee, BS 76
Susan K. Leonard, BS 75, MBA 76
Julie Leong, BS 76 & Robert P. Whitcombe, BS 76
Lilly T. Lim, BS 76
Darlene E. Wong-Lock & William Lock, BS 76
Doreen A. & Lawrence B. Low, BS 76
Gregory S. Lyons, BS 76
Ying-Chi C. Ma, MBA 76 & Shaoyeh M. Ma, BS 66, DEng 75
Theresa & Richard L. Maas, BS 76
Sidney C. Mar, BS 75, MBA 76
Patricia & Stephen D. Mayer, BS 76, MBA 87
Cindy J. & John J. McCauley, BS 76
Jill Hartnell & Kevin J. McConnen, BS 74, MBA 76
Alice G. Rennie, BA 74, MJ 77 & Charles N. McCormack, MBA 76
Cynthia D. McCullough, BA 71, MBA 76 & Thomas W. McCullough, BS 67, JD 75, PhD 77
Sunil Mehta, MBA 76
Diana & Alexis F. Mei, BA 71, MBA 76
Virginia P. & Walter G. Menezes, MBA 76
Eileen N. Moodie, BS 76 & Colin L. Moodie
Misao & Shinji Nakao, MBA 76
Gwen M. Neary, MA 71, PhD 94 & James F. Neary, MBA 76
Cara T. Nip, BS 76 & Randall K. Nip, BS 76
Gabriela E. & Matthew S. O’Neil, BS 76
Patricia K. Pascoe, BS 76 & Christopher H. Pascoe
Thomas C. Paton Jr., BS 76
Gregory P. Piligian, BS 76
Lawson R. Pride Jr., MBA 76
Gail A. Simpson, MS 84, PhD 88 & David M. Roberts, JD 74, MBA 76
David I. Rosenthal, BS 76
Patricia A. & Peter F. Scott Jr., BS 74, MBA 76
Lynn M. Sedway, MBA 76 & Paul H. Sedway, MCP 60
Susan S. Shuster, BS 76 & Bradley M. Shuster, BS 76
Joanna Y. Siegle, BS 76 & Philip J. Siegle
Bernard J. Smith, MBA 76
Nancy K. Lusk, BA 65 & Michael H. Smith, MBA 76
Linda & Michael E. Spector, MBA 76
Lynn E. Gitlin-Stein & Michael E. Stein, BS 76
Gudrun & Richard D. Steingart, MBA 76
Barbara W. & Aron P. Stern, BS 76, MBA 81
Randolph Takasuka, BS 76
Cleaves R. Thompson, MBA 76
Iris N. & Philip K. Uehisa, BA 74, BS 74, MBA 76
Barbara A. & Richard R. Utter, MBA 76
Sally M. Velez, BS 76 & George Velez
Elizabeth S. & Robert W. Voss, BS 74, MBA 76
Benjamin Wald, BS 76
Barbara J. Walker, BA 69 & Glenn M. Walker, BS 69, MBA 76
Beth A. & Michael J. Ward, BS 76
Colleen M. Hutchings, BA 77 & Richard L. Widger, BS 76
Jeffrey S. Williams, MBA 76
Patricia A. & James S. Wisotzkey, BS 76
Theodora F. & Frederick N. Wong, BS 71, MBA 76
Grant Y. Wong, BS 64, MBA 76
Rose L. & John J. Woo, BS 76
Christopher B. Woodward, BS 71, MBA 76
Kathleen S. Wright, BS 76 & Graham J. Wright, BA 77
Rebecca & Ronald P. Yee, BS 76
Cindi & Barton E. Young, BS 74, MBA 76
Nancy P. Zackler, BS 76 & Allan I. Zackler
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Class of 1977
Kathleen & Mark R. Allgire, BS 77
Diana L. Stegman & Gerald L. Anama, BS 77
Mary & Joseph B. Armstrong, BS 77
Joan K. Ichiki & Donald C. Arns Jr., MBA 77
Nutan & Harsh Arora, MBA 77
Elaine & David L. Arthur, BS 69, PhD 77
Norman W. Azevedo, MBA 77
Charles M. Bachelor, BS 77
Daniel C. Balough, MBA 77
Stephen G. Barany, BS 77
Deanna F. & Frederick S. Barnhart, MBA 77
Kellie A. & Glenn W. Beaubelle, BS 77
Teresa R. & Edward M. Belfanti, BS 77, MBA 79
Nora C. Bergman, BS 77
Kenneth K. Bock, MBA 77
Janice E. Bohman, MBA 77 & Eric J. Keller, MBA 77
Barbara Brenner Buder, BS 77
Laura Brody, MBA 77
Debra A. & Gordon K. Buchan, BS 77
Rose Y. Carnell, BS 77 & Alan R. Carnell
Jamie Z. & Anthony K. Chan, BA 75, MBA 77
Cecilia & Cho F. Chan, BS 76, MBA 77
Sandra H. Chen, BS 80 & Denny D. Chen, BS 76, MBA 77, JD 81
Bradley R. Chew, BS 77
Joyce Hirata & Karsten J. Chin, BA 75, MBA 77
Mabel W. Chun, BS 77 & Steven Chun
Patricia A. & Howard Cohen, MBA 77
Susan A. Lindsey Cohen & Kenneth L. Cohen, MBA 77
Ellen F. Cox, MBA 77, PhD 82 & James D. Cox
Patrice A. & Steven D. Crabtree, BS 77
Marilyn Shalley-Damberg & Richard L. Damberg, MBA 77
Angela E. DeCarli, BS 77
Mary E. Denton, MBA 77 & Monte J. Deignan
Barbara J. Desoer, MBA 77 & Marc J. Desoer, BA 74, MBA 76
Yoko Izumi, BA 69 & Lester G. Dun, BS 77
Maria R. & Martin B. Ebert, BS 77
Anita C. Eble, MBA 77
Frances & John E. Eskel, BS 77
Mary Anne H. Flinn, BS 79 & Robert H. Flinn, BS 77
Peter M. Fukumae, BS 77
Caroline & Robert F. Gerughty, BS 77
Joan Goldblatt, BS 77
Mary Jo S. Gregory, BS 77
Karen S. Grenfell, BS 77, MBA 79 & Eric W. Grenfell, BS 76
Joi D. Grieg, MBA 77
Sylvia D. Guendelman, MSW 74, DSW 79 & Simon J. Guendelman, MBA 77
Ellen C. Hauskens, MBA 77 & Allan Hauskens
Robert L. Hillberg, BS 76, MBA 77
Marily A. Howekamp, BA 66 & David P. Howekamp, BS 66, MBA 77
Virginia & Te-Ming Hsueh, MS 69, PhD 71, MBA 77
Judith A. Edwards & Thomas M. Jones, PhD 77
Tammy & Martin C. Kanselbaum, MBA 77
Joy D. & Joseph W. Kaplan, BS 77
Sara & Charles G. Kaufman, BS 77
Tamra & Kevin J. Keen, BS 77
Joy A. Kovaleski, BS 77
Dana A. Lang, MBA 77 & Robert C. Lang, MA 71
Jeffrey R. Le Doux, BS 77, MBA 79
Donna C. Lawson & Scot Leisy, BS 77
Lola Chan & Gary S. Leung, BS 74, MBA 77
Lynne C. Levesque, MBA 77
Nora B. Levy, BS 77, MBA 79 & Mark P. Levy, BS 77
Anne M. Lieberman, MBA 77 & Stephen O. Lieberman
Janet M. Long, MBA 77
Hilary G. Lord, BS 77
John R. Major, BS 77
Denise L. Marchant, BS 77 & Michael L. Marchant
Leslie K. Mardsen & Robert B. Marsden, BS 75, MBA 77
Carole H. & Redge A. Martin, MBA 77
Karen L. McConnell, BA 75, MBA 77 & Joseph M. McConnell
Cynthia D. McCullough, BA 71, MBA 76 & Thomas W. McCullough, BS 67, JD 75, PhD 77
Pamela A. McNeeley, BS 77
Jan W. Messerschmidt, BS 77
Manfred J. Michlmayr, MBA 77
William J. Milton Jr., MBA 77
Ellen K. Moran, MBA 77
Jamie & Mark L. Myers, BS 77
Pauline H. & Gerald J. Nacamuli, MBA 77
Scott J. Neely, BS 77
Joan F. Stigliano & Peter B. Nicholas, BS 75, MBA 77
Lisa A. Nicolini, BS 77
Susan S. & Roger L. Oser, BS 77
Bruce B. Osterstrom, BS 77
Regina Sung & Paul L. Pereira, BS 77
Stephanie M. & Roger J. Peters, MBA/JD 77
Craig T. Pynn, MBA 77
Elizabeth & Douglas K. Reece, PhD 77
Margaret Roller & James A. Robinson Jr., MBA 77
Nikki B. & Paul G. Rosengren, MBA/JD 77
Alison A. & James D. Ryan, BA 73, MBA 77
Marc A. Schwartz, MBA 77
Susanne & Jay B. Seiden, BS 77
Judy M. Smith, BS 77 & Michael G. Smith, BS 75
Leonard T. Sperry, MBA 77
Jeanne V. Starren, BA 74, MBA 77 & Justinn Starren
Paula M. Strain, BS 77 & Marvin J. Strain
Arleen C. Takayama, BA 72 & Glenn K. Takayama, BS 72, MBA 77
Stephanie G. Tall, BS 77
Darlene & William E. Tamayo, BS 77
Hau-Cho Tang, BS 77
Nona A. Thomas, MBA 77 & William W. Thomas
Carolyn R. Tompkins, MBA 77
Dale I. Uptegrove, MBA 77
Steve D. Valle, BS 77
Lynn O. & Francis H. Wagner, BS 77, MBA 78
Robert E. Wailes, BS 77
Robert P. Ward, MBA 77
Donald A. Watne, PhD 77
Suzanne G. Weaver, MBA 77 & Brent D. Weaver, MPP 79
Daryl J. Weinroth, BS 77
Keith A. Wesselmann, BS 77, MBA 82
Zachary E. Whitman, BS 77, MBA 79
Kathryn D. & Curtis A. Wong, BS 77
Virginia C. Wong, BA 78 & Richard E. Wong, BS 77
Sharon J. Wong, BS 77
Tomoko & Hidefumi Yamagami, MBA 77
Anonymous
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Class of 1978
Lisa B. Allanson, BS 78 & Joseph C. Allanson
Elizabeth A. Romo, BS 87 & Dennis W. Barfield, BS 78
Mary J. Bedegi, MBA 78 & Peter Bedegi
Lynn M. & Daniel P. Benas, BS 78
Arlene & Harry J. Boyer, MBA 78
John R. Buford, BS 78
Susanne S. & Jeffry Canin, MBA 78
Elizabeth D. Capener, BS 78 & John T. Capener
Judy N. Case, MBA 78
Eva L. Chan, BA 66, MA 67, PhD 71 & Baldwin K. Chan, BS 66, MS 67, MBA 78
Brian K. Chan, BS 78
Pamela S. Claassen, MBA 78 & John Claassen
Leslie J. & Mitchell H. Cohen, MBA/JD 78
Jan A. Corfee-Morlot, BS 78
Elizabeth E. & Michael J. Cullen, BS 78
Jane M. Davis, BS 78, MBA 79 & Paul E. Davis, BS 78
Nancy W. & Robert A. De Goff, BA 69, MArch 72, MBA 78
Garrison G. DeLee, BS 78
Diane M. Downend, BS 78, MBA 82
Cathy A. Zeller-Erickson, BA 74 & Jeffrey D. Erickson, BS 78
Kathleen G. Correia, BS 76 & Stephen A. Evans, BS 75, MBA 78
Barbara Fanning Roberts, BS 78 & Eric R. Roberts, BS 67, MBA 68
Laurie & Howard B. Fink, BS 78
Limay & Geoffrey L. Flavell, BS 78
Jamie L. & Peter S. France, BS 78
Cheryl A. Frizzell, BS 78 & William L. Frizzell, MBA 79
Keith O. Fukui, BS 78
Ernest J. Furtado, BS 78
Robert R. Gillanders, BS 78
Susan M. Gillfillan, BS 78 & Michael J. Gillfillan, BA 71
Judith A. & Ralph J. Goehring, BS 78
Laura A. Goff, BS 78, MBA 85
Richard G. Graham, MBA 78
Sarah K. Gray, BS 78 & Dan Gray, BA 77
Roberta L. Griffin, BS 78
Susan M. Halfaker, BS 78 & Thomas B. Halfaker
Kenneth B. Hart, BS 73, MBA 78
Jo-L Hendrickson, MS 73, MBA 78
Deirdre L. Henry, BS 78 & Steven N. Kliegman
Katherine W. & Robert R. Hill, BS 78
Cheryl L. & Brent L. Holden, BS 78
Christine G. Honda, BA 71, MBA 78 & Arthur M. Honda
Kristin L. & John B. Jameson, BS 78
Janette D. & Jal S. Jassawalla, MBA 78
Virginia Shipman & Richard R. Kaiser, MBA 78
Elaine L. Kawasaki, BS 78 & Alan C. Kawasaki, BA 77
Margaret K. & Brian J. Kelly, MBA 78
Vicki & Scott Kemp, MBA 78
Margaret W. Kintner, BS 78, MBA 82 & Thomas W. Kintner, MBA 83
Janet S. & Alexander J. Krem, BA 65, JD 72, MBA 78
Kathleen M. Kunz, BS 78, MBA 80
Nancy L. Kurkjian, BA 83 & Richard L. Kurkjian, BS 78
Ann G. Lacey, BA 74 & Thomas C. Lacey, BA 74, MBA 78
Patricia A. & Bruce K. Leisz, BS 74, MBA 78
Michael J. Leiter, BA 75, MBA 78
Patricia A. Leith, MBA 78
Stephen B. Lopez, BS 78, MBA 80
Maxwell A. Graham & Gail J. Maderis, BS 78
Garrad W. Marsh, BS 78, MBA 86
Mary B. Marsh, BS 78
Nell S. & John I. McBeth, MBA 78
Jo-Ann J. & John D. McDonald, MBA 78
Ruth G. Merino, BS 78 & Ronald Merino
Doris S. Michaels, MA 79, MAT 79 & Charles F. Michaels, BS 78
Rachel Miller, BS 78 & Roger A. Chemtob
John R. Mitchell III, BS 78
Doris B. Moberg, MBA 78
Kristin T. & Robert G. Morrish, BS 78
Susie Ng, BS 78 & David K. Cheng
Linda P. O’Keefe, BS 78 & Donald D. O’Keefe Jr.
Janice & Brian D. Parsons, BS 78, MBA 80
Twila L. Foster, BA 77 & Steve P. Pezzola, BS 78, JD 81
Julian E. Ponce, MBA/JD 78
Susan S. & Laurence C. Ricksen, BS 78
James A. Roberts, MEng 70, PhD 74, MBA 78
Linda & Robert G. Rose, BS 78
Rita A. & Lawrence D. Rosenblum, MBA 78
Carol A. Schmid-Frazee, BS 78 & Bryan W. Frazee
Joan & Carl A. Schober, BS 78
Rauni & Bjorn Simonsen, MBA 78
Seeling Y. & Peter K. So, MBA 78
Suzanne B. Stafford, MBA 78
Midori N. & Robert B. Stanton, MBA 78
Raymond C. Stewart II, BS 78
Robin C. & Kurt E. Stoffers, BS 78
David M. Stone, BS 78, MBA 79
Linda R. Taylor, BA 78 & Bruce C. Taylor, BS 78
Pamela S. Turner, MPH 83 & Robert S. Townsend, BS 78
Marcie Tuttle, BS 78 & Mark S. Tuttle
Lynn O. & Francis H. Wagner, BS 77, MBA 78
Robert L. Webster, MBA 78, JD 79
Marien L. Wong, BA 78 & Anson M. Wong, BS 78
Jeanne B. & Gerald S. Yamamoto, BS 78
Jane P. Yee, BS 78, MBA 99 & Daniel Yee, BS 77
Anonymous (4)
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Class of 1979
Elaine D. Andrian, MBA 79
Alyson J. & John M. Archer, MBA 79
Anne M. & Peter M. Astiz, BS 79
Lisa & Justin H. Barnett, BS 79
Katharine Hsiao, JD 88 & Augustine H. Bau, BS 79, MBA 87
Constant Eduard Beckers, PhD 79
Teresa R. & Edward M. Belfanti, BS 77, MBA 79
Fadilla & William M. Blaine III, BS 79
Terese A. Blockhus, BS 79 & Brian K. Blockhus, BS 79, MBA 81
Annette C. & Thomas E. Boeckling, MBA 79
Cali S. Bottom, BS 79
Lloyd Brodsky, MBA 79
Gail J. & David F. Bromberg, BS 79, MBA 87
Julie H. Campbell, BS 79 & Nicholas M. Campbell
Anne E. Chambers, BA 75, MBA 79 & Edward B. McAlpine
Betty & Bak-Ying Chan, BS 70, MBA 79
Denise E. Coyne, BA 74, MBA 79 & Michael S. Coyne
Lisa E. D’Alencon, BS 79 & Steven D’Alencon
Joao P. Da Barrosa, MBA 79
Jane M. Davis, BS 78, MBA 79 & Paul E. Davis, BS 78
Stephanie G. DiMarco, BS 79 & James B. Harleen
Katherine & Rick R. Doering, BS 79
Takeshi Dozono, MBA 79
Judy A. & Adam J. Fink, BS 79
Mary Anne H. Flinn, BS 79 & Robert H. Flinn, BS 77
Jonathan M. Frank, MBA 79
Susan A. Freeman, MBA 79
Cheryl A. Frizzell, BS 78 & William L. Frizzell, MBA 79
Thomas J. Fulton, BS 79
Thomas L. Gardner, MBA 79
Toby A. Gidal, MBA 79
Peggy & Samuel H. Gluck, BS 79
Bonnie J. Goldsmith, BS 79, MBA 85
Ralph P. Goldsticker III, MBA 79
Steven K. Gomberg, BS 79, MBA 81
Karen S. Grenfell, BS 77, MBA 79 & Eric W. Grenfell, BS 76
Darlene & Donald G. Groth, BA 70, MBA 79
Jeffrey A. Gundell, BS 79
Maria P. & Thomas C. Hankins, BS 79
Linda G. Harding, BS 79 & David Harding, MIDS 19
Dana L. Heath, BS 79 & Bruce A. Reeder
Gustaves P. Hiatt, MBA 79
Joan F. & Gregory H. Hill, BS 79, MBA 81
Lisa & Mark L. Hirsch, MBA 79
Marcia A. & Bradford R. Howard, BS 79
Stella Chen & Jerry C. Huan, MBA 79
Debra & Gregory P. Hunter, BS 79
Lisa & John G. Iberle, MBA 79
Marta A. & Andy Jacobs, MBA 79
Maureen A. Jensen, BA 79 & Rick Jensen, BS 79
Bruce C. Johnson, MBA 79
Patricia L. Jump, BS 79, MBA 80 & Clarence E. Jump
Mary Ellen Kanoff, BA 78, JD 84 & Chris M. Kanoff, BS 79
Linda L. Karns, BS 79
Patrice M. Kavanaugh, BS 79 & Peter J. Wise
Jeffrey P. La Mont, BS 79
Perpetua Y. Lam, BS 80 & Steven C. Lam, BS 79
Sandra A. Lambert, BS 79
Steven E. Lane, MBA 79
Jeffrey R. Le Doux, BS 77, MBA 79
Marjorie & Christopher G. Lee, BS 75, MBA 79
Christine B. & Philip W. Lee, MBA 79
Stefanie A. Lenway, MBA 79, PhD 82 & Tom Murtha
William S. Leung, BS 79
Nora B. Levy, BS 77, MBA 79 & Mark P. Levy, BS 77
Claudia A. & Mark S. Lewis, BS 79
Robin S. Lim, BS 79
Daniel J. Liparini, MBA 79
William H. Ma, BS 79
Anne B. Makowsky, BS 79 & Max T. Makowsky
Corinne & Calvin Marr, BA 76, MBA 79
Susan C. Martin, JD 77, MBA 79 & Richard L. Martin, PhD 76
Michelle C. & Scott R. McCarter, MBA 79
Kathryn J. & John B. McMahon, BS 79
Paul D. Menzies, BS 79, MBA 80
Susan E. Messina, MA 90, EdD 03 & Joseph M. Messina, MBA 71, PhD 79
Loretta A. Cumming-Meyer, BS 78 & Paul J. Meyer, BS 79
Ann H. Milne, MBA 79 & John Payavis
Kathleen A. Murphy, MBA 79
Michael P. O’Donnell, MBA/MPH 79
Mari L. Oda, BS 79
Deborah K. & Randy P. Orlik, MBA/JD 79
Teresa V. Pahl, BA 79 & Patrick J. Pahl, BS 79
Karen S. Pelham, BS 79 & Denis Jones
Carol A. Penskar, MBA 79
Kim V. Pensky, BA 79 & Wayne C. Pensky, BA 77, MBA 79
Judith A. & Philip R. Perry, MBA 74, PhD 79
Marvin N. Price Jr., MBA 79
Cleo H. Protopapas, BA 69, MBA 79
Clare B. & William M. Reid, BS 79
Anne K. Delehunt, BA 80 & Grant V. Ricketts, BA 75, MBA 79
Sharon J. Rusconi, BS 79
Donald J. Smith, MBA 79, PhD 82
Rafael A. Solari Jr., MBA 79
David L. Southern, MBA 79
Yanina & Allan G. Spivack, MBA 79
Frank V. Stickel, BS 70, MS 71, MBA 79
David M. Stone, BS 78, MBA 79
Joseph M. Sullivan, MBA 79
George T. Tabata, BS 79
Jennifer J. Thomas, MBA 79 & David D. Thomas
Curtis M. Tom, BS 79
Atul I. Vijaykar, MBA 79
Denise E. & William K. Villalon, MBA 79
William S. Waller Jr., MBA 79
Cindy C. Chau & Ho-Yan Wan, MBA 79
Celia A. & Randolph E. Wedding, MBA 79
Karyn & Robert W. Weed, BS 73, MBA 79
Zachary E. Whitman, BS 77, MBA 79
Mary V. Whitney, BS 79 & Marshall C. Whitney
Susan K. Wingard, BS 79 & Charles P. Wingard, BS 80
Deborah K. Lim & Michael J. Woo, BS 79
Helen C. Mar & James T. Yamada, BS 79
Christine Y. & David C. Yang, MBA 79
Sharon I. Young, BA 64 & Randall B. Young, MBA 79
Elizabeth F. Yount, MBA 79
Robert T. Zenoni, BS 79
Gregory A. Zitani, BS 79
Anonymous
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Class of 1980
Linda H. Alderson, MBA 80 & Sandy Alderson
Patricia B. & James W. Arce, MBA 80
Jaime S. Benchimol, MBA 80
Sylvan A. Benjamin, MBA 80
Laura & Paul V. Bennett, MBA 80
Mimi & Matthew S. Blankenship Sr., MBA 80
James W. Bronson, MBA 80
Robin M. Brotman, BS 80
Jennifer Leung Brown & Christian Brown, BS 80
(Suzy) Elizabeth Ann Cain, BS 80
Robert D. Cantz, BS 80, MBA 85
Sally A. Carlson, BS 80
Meg D. Carrico, MBA 80 & Michael D. Carrico
Maureen A. Sheehy & Stephen L. Catton, MBA 80
Annie N. & James D. Chandler, MBA 80
Mary M. Chen, BS 80 & Christopher C. Chen
Sandra H. Chen, BS 80 & Denny D. Chen, BS 76, MBA 77, JD 81
Sherri M. & Mark W. Coles, MA 76, MBA 80, PhD 80
Evon C. & Thomas F. Cooper, MBA 80
Cecelia Leon-Coughlin & Michael A. Coughlin, BS 80
Julie Z. Cramer, BS 80 & Edward R. Cramer, BA 82
Elizabeth A. Crayton, MBA 80
Nina V. & John S. Edmunds, BS 80
Carolyn J. & Gregory F. Ennis, MBA 80
Emilene J. Fearn, MBA 80, PhD 12 & Jeffrey P. Fearn, MBA 83
Sarah D. Patton & Peter C. Feichtmeir, BS 80
Nancy L. Fineman, BA 81, JD 86 & Edwin R. Fineman, BS 80
Lisa K. & Mark D. Fischer-Colbrie, MBA 80
Debra S. Fournier, BS 80 & Dudley J. Fournier Jr., BA 81
Marian & Martin G. Friedrich, BS 80
Marina Gracias, BS 80, JD 83, MBA 99 & Bernard Martis
Kate L. Grant, BS 80
Jeffrey D. Green, MBA 80
Jean B. Hadfield, MBA 80
Sheryl L. Hawes, BS 80
Melissa A. Held Bordy, MBA 80
Maria Pilar & Jose-Miguel R. Herrero, MBA 80
Jacquelyn W. Hoffmann, BA 78, MBA 80 & Mark H. Hoffmann, BA 78
Jennie L. Hoopes, BS 80
Lori A. Ireland, MBA 80 & Gregg E. Ireland
Patricia L. Jump, BS 79, MBA 80 & Clarence E. Jump
Nirupama J. & Azizullah Khatri, BS 80
Kathleen M. Kunz, BS 78, MBA 80
Linda A. Lang, BS 80 & Thomas P. Lang Jr.
Donna Y. Lee, BS 80 & Mark J. Lee, BS 81
Raymond C. Lee, BS 80
John-Paul Leonard, MBA 80
Stephen B. Lopez, BS 78, MBA 80
Randall L. Manley, MBA 80
Karen M. Marlin, BS 80 & Robert C. Marlin
Donald J. Marshall, MA 78, PhD 80
Margaret Ann Marx, MBA 80
Matthew Masters, MBA 80
Scott J. Matson, BS 80
Nina Mayer, MA 72, MBA 80
Karen L. Melzer-West, BS 80 & Egbert-Jan Melzer
Paul D. Menzies, BS 79, MBA 80
Susan D. Merritt, BS 80
Sharon R. Miller, MBA 80 & Arthur K. Olsen
Diane H. & Michael J. Mintline, BS 80
Mark J. Mitchell, BS 80
Marilyn M. & Wesley S. Miyamoto, MBA 80
Constance B. Moore, MBA 80 & Roger D. Greer
Lata T. & Pravin V. Mundkur, MS 75, MBA 80
Christina C. Ng, BS 80
Derek J. Norris, BS 80
Michelle Griffin & Thomas B. Parker, BS 80
Janice & Brian D. Parsons, BS 78, MBA 80
Susan M. Pearl-Polson, BA 85 & Gary A. Polson, BS 80, JD 86
Samuel J. Puma, BS 80
Philip J. Quadrini, MBA 80
William A. Roche, BS 80, MBA 87
Michaela K. Rodeno, MBA 80
Kelly K. & Richard D. Root, BS 80
Steven A. Ross, MBA 80
Diane K. & Russel P. Rudden, MS 73, MBA 80
Virginia M. Rusk, MBA 80
Supramu Santosa, BS 80, MBA 81
George C. Saunders, MBA 80
Elizabeth L. Schatz, BS 74, MBA 80 & Edward M. Schatz
Joann & Daniel J. Schneider, BS 80, JD 85
Pauline K. Seeto, BS 80
Sandra L. & James D. Sheehan, MBA 80
Elfrieda & Jay Shukert, MBA 80
Cynthia R. Smizer, BS 80 & Christopher W. Smizer, BS 80
Dorene E. Soe, BS 80
Steven S. Spafford, BS 80, MBA 87
Suzanne T. Stuart, BA 64, MBA 80
Catherine A. & Edward J. Sweeney Jr., MBA 80
Michael E. Tamas, MBA 80
Darryl T. Tom, BS 80
Janie Tom, BS 80
Robyn S. Varellas, BS 80 & Lawrence P. Varellas, BS 80
Jill S. Wallace, BS 80 & William Wallace
Carol M. Warren, BS 80
Melody H. & Jerald M. Weintraub, BS 80, MBA 88
Sandra R. Westall, BA 68, MLS 79 & Michael J. Westall, BS 68, MBA 80
Elizabeth A. Williams, BA 75 & John E. Williams Jr., BS 74, MBA 80
Katherine S. Williford, MBA 84 & John H. Williford, MBA 80
Diana A. Wilson, BS 80
Natalie V. Wilson, BS 80
Susan K. Wingard, BS 79 & Charles P. Wingard, BS 80
Leslie A. & Henry Wong, BS 80
Losa Wong, BS 80 & Larry Mar, MBA 65
Debbie T. & John Woods III, MBA 80
Marietta Wu & Thomas H. Yamamoto, MBA 80
Sheila W. Yeh, BS 80, PhD 85 & Francis C. Yeh, BS 80
Lily N. & Philip K. Yu, BS 80
Anonymous
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Class of 1981
Robin F. & Matthew J. Ackerman, BS 81
Steven T. Algert, BS 81
Henry K. Arnold, MBA 81
Marcia W. Beck, MBA 81 & James C. Beck
Stephen P. Bentivoglio, BS 81
Katherine M. Margolis, BA 06 & William R. Benz II, BS 81
Cecilia A. Bertoldi, BS 81 & Tom Bertoldi
Diane H. & John B. Bertram, BS 81
Terese A. Blockhus, BS 79 & Brian K. Blockhus, BS 79, MBA 81
M. G & Ronald J. Boehm, MBA 81
Brigid Breen, BS 81 & Armando Quintero
Clifford P. Bright, MBA 81
Carol J. Burton, BS 81 & Stephen Lesser
Paul F. Callaghan, MBA 81
Rosalinda & Michael D. Centron, MBA 81
Sandra L. Chamberlain, BS 81 & Kenneth A. Kasa, BS 81
Helen Pau-Chan & Sammy K. Chan, BS 81
Carolyn & Paul E. Chandler, BS 81, MBA 89
Marianne & Thomas P. Chard, MBA 81
Stefan E. Chasnov, BS 81
Alan B. Chinn, BS 81
Lisa & Eugene Y. Chow, BS 78, MBA 81
Joanne T. Chow, BS 81, MBA 86 & Steven Chow
Randy L. Levin-Cohen & Brian S. Cohen, BS 81
Catherine & Howard Cohen, MBA 81
Crystal J. Davis, BS 81
Judy M. Taylor & David E. De Puy, BS 77, MBA 81
William S. Dittoe, BS 76, MBA 81
Linda J. Drevno, BA 80 & Michael A. Drevno, BA 75, MBA 81
Gail H. Duffala, BA 83 & Robert J. Duffala, BA 79, MBA 81
Leo N. Egashira, MBA 81
Barbara W. Engler, BS 81
Suzanne P. Epstein, BA 72, MBA 81 & Allan Epstein
Lisa W. Finley, BS 81 & Gregory S. Finley, BS 81
Kathleen K. FitzGerald, BA 82 & Bruce M. FitzGerald, BS 81
Maureen C. Freeman, BS 81 & Seth R. Freeman
Mimi L. Fruehan, BA 67 & George J. Fruehan, BA 68, MBA 81
Bryan E. Garbutt, MBA 81
Steven K. Gomberg, BS 79, MBA 81
Rosaline H. Gould, BS 81 & Rodney S. Gould
Laurie K. & Steven J. Gray, MBA 81
Susan M. Greinetz, BA 84 & Alan P. Greinetz, BS 81
Kim E. Grobeck, MBA 81
Carole Freysz Gutierrez & Theodore Gutierrez, MBA 81
Kjersti & David B. Hansen, MBA 81
Annette & Scott R. Healy, BS 81
Edith G. Heilman, MBA 81 & Richard J. Weiss
Mary G. Henderson, MPH 80, MBA 81
Janet S. Herman, BS 81 & Neal F. Herman
Joan F. & Gregory H. Hill, BS 79, MBA 81
Elise K. Lomenzo, MBA 81 & John K. Holmgren, BA 75, MBA 81
Karen P. Sakai, BS 81 & Tony M. Huey, BS 81
Ellen S. & Martin A. Jaffe, MBA 81
Cecilia M. & David S. Kim, BA 72, MBA 81
Joon K. Kim, BS 81
Robert G. Knox III, MBA 81
Paul K. Lam, BS 81
Deborah L. Lau, BS 81 & Hoover T. Lau
Miranda C. Lau, BS 81 & Dominic Lau
Monica R. Lee, BS 81, JD 84 & Edward L. Molyneaux III, JD 84
Tong Wai Lee, MBA 81
Judy K. & Victor K. Lee, BS 78, MBA 81
Terry & Stephen A. Livingston, BS 81
Gregory G. Locher, BS 81
Kathy W. Loo, BS 81 & Howard H. Loo
James J. Lucey, BS 81
Shirley Lum, BS 81, MBA 85
Karen L. Maas, BA 75, MBA 81 & Steven J. Weinzimmer, BS 74, MBA 75
Joann E. Martens Weiner, BS 81 & Richard L. Weiner
Loretta & Christopher J. Marut, MBA 81
Janet A. & Derek R. McClain, MBA/JD 81
Ray A. Meadows, BS 81, MBA 90, MA 92
Jeffrey T. Meagher, BS 81
Ann M. Mehlum, MBA 81
John W. Minnich, MBA 81
Anne C. Mitchell, BS 81
Malcolm G. Mitchell II, BS 81, MBA 85
Toshihiro Mori, MBA 81
Jonathan N. Moss, BS 81, MBA 91
Jill E. & Eric L. Nakagawa, BS 81
Lisa D. Nesbitt, MBA 81 & Stephen L. Nesbitt
Giulia & Schalon H. Newton, MBA 81
Laura M. & Richard M. Norwalk, BS 81
Lee S. & Arthur G. Oller, MBA 81
Suzanne C. & Gregory L. Overholtzer, BA 78, MBA 81
Marc R. Papineau, MBA 81
Ann A. & Malcolm D. Plant, BS 76, MBA 81
Laura & John B. Pollard, BS 81
Mark C. Raggio, BS 81
Donald J. Rath, MBA 81
John S. Riccitiello, BS 81
Elizabeth J. Rimer, MBA 81 & George Schott
Kate Lehrman & Howard S. Robinson, MBA 81
Karen D. Rohde, MBA 81 & Bruce T. Rohde
Tobey H. Roland, BS 81
Susanna R. Ross, MBA 81 & John W. Ross III
Irena & Peter D. Rubinstein, MBA 81, PhD 90
Paul S. Saint-Pierre, MBA 81
Supramu Santosa, BS 80, MBA 81
Kathleen W. & John C. Schniedwind Jr., MBA 81
Joy H. Sekimura, MBA 81 & Gerald T. Sekimura
Noordin Shariff, MBA 81
Margaret S. & Laurence R. Smith, MBA 81
Mary Jo & Peter H. Sorensen, MBA 81
Barbara W. & Aron P. Stern, BS 76, MBA 81
Christine R. Stokes, BS 81
Andrea & Paul M. Swenson, MBA 81
Mary-Catherine Taylor, MBA 81 & James Haverkamp
Arthur M. Tom III, BS 81
Anna S. Tong, BS 81, MBA 84
Dunning T. Wang, BS 81 & Steve I. Wang, BS 81
Cindy H. & George S. Wang, MBA 81
Sara J. Weinheimer, BS 77, MBA 81
Laura Ryder & Peter F. Weis, BS 81
Sura L. Weiss, BS 81
Lynn W. Westbay, BS 81 & Craig A. Westbay
Carol S. Willson, MBA 81 & James A. Willson
Victoria C. Wray-Greening, MBA 81 & Jack Greening Jr.
Lorraine M. Yoshikawa, BS 81
Christina M. Yuen, BS 81 & Edmund Chan
Diana R. Zankowsky, MBA 81 & Frederick M. Zankowsky
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Class of 1982
Susan M. Bajan, MBA 82
Aseel & Mohammad R. Behbehani, MBA 82, PhD 83
Jane M. & Joseph Bender, MBA 82
Sue A. Bennett, MBA 82 & Donald D. Campbell
Jennifer Bergovoy, JD 80, MBA 82 & Wayne M. Lutje
Mark B. Biagini, BS 82
Erichka & Geoffrey N. Bick, MBA 82
Sheila K. Hennessey & Ernest A. Blackwelder, BS 82
Susan M. & Joseph P. Breen, BS 82
Monica & Robert B. Burck, MBA 82
Kim Silvers & Sheila L. Cardno, MBA 82
Melody J. Casperson-Jeffrey, BS 82 & James D. Jeffrey
Sandra Cavanah, BS 82 & Christopher Tucher
Shelly R. Ross & Paul G. Churchill, BS 82, JD 86
Mark D. Cohen, BS 82
Stephen D. Copper, BS 82
Ellen F. Cox, MBA 77, PhD 82 & James D. Cox
Catherine L. & David L. Critchfield, BA 74, MBA 82
Beverly N. Dance, MBA 82
Julie S. & Jeffrey D. Davine, BS 82
Barbara K. Doctor, MBA 82 & Gautam H. Doctor, MBA 70
Diane M. Downend, BS 78, MBA 82
Marisa D. Emmerson, BS 82
Lori N. & David J. Enzer, BS 82
Barbara A. Erickson, BS 78, MBA 82
Robert L. Farnsworth, MBA 82
Judy L. & David A. Fassler, MBA 82
Shelley R. Finci, BS 82 & Jeffrey R. Finci, BA 81
Celeste V. & Kevin E. Ford, MBA 82
Jan U. & James W. Frei, BS 82
Linda & Mark E. Garcia, BS 82
Georgine Glafkides, BS 82
Joanne N. & Jon M. Goldstein, BS 82
Florence L. Gong, BS 82
Constance B. Guerin, BS 74, MBA 82
Laurie J. Hamilton, MBA 82
Sandra & David S. Hanford, MBA 82
Lucille Sansing & Thomas A. Hannen, BA 64, MBA 82, PhD 97
Linda L. & Donald C. Hardin III, BS 82
Mary K. Harrington, BS 82
Janet H. & Daryl G. Hatano, MBA 82
Susan Dague & Paul D. Hennessey, MBA 82
Kristen C. Hensman, BA 80, MBA 82 & Peter A. Edler
Lufu Ho Parisi, BS 82 & George R. Parisi
Eilene Hoft-March, MA 78, PhD 83 & John F. Hoft-March, MBA 82
Deborah K. Hong, BS 82 & Bevin Hong Jr., BS 80
Galena V. Miller-Horii, BA 84 & Dwayne M. Horii, BS 82
Susan A. Horn, BS 82 & Michael A. Horn, BA 84
Mark D. Kaercher, MBA 82
Clifford E. Katz, MBA 82
Jennifer S. Kawar, BA 82, BS 82
Janet A. & George E. Kelts III, MBA 82
Elizabeth A. & Tim D. Kingsbury, MBA 82
Margaret W. Kintner, BS 78, MBA 82 & Thomas W. Kintner, MBA 83
Mona T. & Raymond G. Kitasoe, BS 77, MEng 78, MBA 82
Emmanuel Krakaris, MBA 82
Alice V. & David L. Kruegel, MBA 82
Christina S. & Theodore Kuh, BS 82
Lisa A. & Marshall J. Leisten, MBA 82
Stefanie A. Lenway, MBA 79, PhD 82 & Tom Murtha
Kirk L. Lew, BS 82
Theresa S. Long, MBA 82 & Michael Long
Marta E. & Enrique A. Luna, MBA 82
Jennifer N. Lyons, MBA 96 & Richard K. Lyons, BS 82
Bette Caan, MPH 81, DrPH 85 & Lawrence L. Mansbach, BA 74, MBA 82
Joseph E. McAdams, PhD 81, MBA 82
Elizabeth D. McClelland-Beck, MBA 82
James A. McCoy, MBA 82
Frank J. McGorman, MBA 82
Nancy Lubich McKinney, BA 82, BS 82 & Gregory W. McKinney
Colin McLatchie, MBA 82
Lynn E. McLeod, MBA 82
Barbara F. Medwadowski, BS 61, MS 64, MBA 82
Susan L. & Douglas C. Michael, MBA 82, JD 83
Nancy L. Milby, BS 82 & Steven A. Nahm
Kathryn F. Miller, BA 74, MBA 82 & Michael P. Shea
Julie T. & Richard K. Miller, MBA 82
Elizabeth R. & William E. Monnet, MBA 82
James E. Mooney, MBA 82
John M. Mulcahy, MBA 82
Takehiko Nakao, MBA 82
Harold T. Newton, BA 75, MBA 82
Janice F. Chow & Allen Ng, MBA 82
Karen S. & Peter R. Nielsen, MBA 82
Deborah A. Norton, MBA 82
Susan G. O’Neill, BA 81 & Geoffrey A. O’Neill, BS 82
Diane C. & Thomas C. Offutt, MBA 82
Nami & Joel T. Onodera, MBA 82
Diane D. & Christopher H. Penn, MBA 82
Judy E. Perras, MBA 82
John D. Pollner, MBA 82
Carrie L. Pryor, MBA 82 & Tedmund W. Pryor
Maria & Jonathan S. Quinby, MBA 82
Irene & Richard A. Quon, BS 82
Suanne M. Ramar, MBA 82 & Stephen Kottmeier
Pamela L. & Kent W. Randall, MBA 82
Frances K. & Kenneth Reid, PhD 82
Ellen E. Reintjes, MBA 82 & Donald L. Tatzin
Martha O. & Paul A. Reshke, BS 82
Merna R. Richardson, MBA 82 & Larry Wright
Pilar S. Parducci & Anthony J. Richmond, BS 82, JD 88
Pamela B. Roberts, MBA 82
Janet F. Rose, BS 82 & Tyler H. Rose, BA 82
Laurie C. & Mark A. Rosenthal, BS 82
Tracie E. Rowson, BA 73, MBA 82
Jodelle M. & Jack F. Russi, BS 82
Suzanne G. Schaff, BA 79, MBA 82
Charna R. & Peter Schakow, MBA 82
Aaron P. Schechter, BS 82
Rieko I. Seki, BS 82 & Yasuhiro Seki
Harper L. Sekijima, MBA 82
Jose Serra-Vega, MBA 82
Risham & Ravinder S. Sethi, PhD 78, MBA 82
John A. Shepardson, BS 82
Eileen & Kevin A. Shields, BS 82, MBA/JD 85
Amy E. Siroky, BS 82
Donald J. Smith, MBA 79, PhD 82
Marian B. Smith, MBA 82
Leslie B. & Gregory M. Solomon, BS 82
Kirsten M. & Timothy J. Spencer, MA 80, MBA 82
Margot Parker & Joel B. Spolin, MBA 82
Lauren & Mark V. Stanich, BS 82
Valori S. & Gordon L. Stitt, MBA 82
Martin E. Strain, BS 82
Dennis D. Sullivan, BS 82
Grace S. Tsao-Wu, BS 82
Margaret C. Verga, BS 82 & Henry Verga
Jeffrey P. Wagner, BS 73, MBA 82
Robin E. Wagner, MLS 77, MBA 82
Elizabeth A. Wellington, BS 82 & John Scheuermann
Keith A. Wesselmann, BS 77, MBA 82
Deanna C. Winter, BS 82 & Kevin Winter
Judy S. & Robert W. Witter Jr., BS 82
Jones Wu, BA 80, MBA 82
Wendy & Roy W. Wulf, MBA 82, JD 85
Akito Yamazaki, MBA 82
Janet M. Frahm & Geary Y. Yee, MBA 82
Anonymous (2)
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Class of 1983
Lori A. Allen, BS 83
Maureen A. Allinson, BS 83 & Paul A. Allinson
Diana & George W. Anderson II, MBA 83
Judith L. Kramer, MBA 83 & Lawrence T. Andow, MBA 83
Sanford L. Antignas, BS 83
Helen M. Armbrust, MBA 83 & Leonard A. Mentzer, JD 70
Nancy J. & Christopher C. Barry, MBA 83
Marietta L. Bartoletti, MBA 83 & Stephen M. Bartoletti, MBA 86
Claire H. Becker, BS 83 & Greg M. Becker
Ruth C. & David Becker, MBA 83
Becky Benmergui & Hans L. Bengtsson, BS 83
John B. Bernard, MBA 83
Faye Beverett, MBA 83 & Charlie Wheeler
Paula A. Bishop, MBA 83
Arlene & William K. Boeger, MBA 83
Lois S. Brown, MBA 83 & Klaus M. Brown, BS 74
Maureen M. Buehler, BA 81, MBA 83
R. James Carlson, MBA 83
John R. Carvell, MBA 83
Letitia W. Casebeer, BA 81, MBA 83 & Craig H. Casebeer, JD 73
Bao-Ho Chang, BS 83
Laurie L. Cheung & Perry Chin, BS 76, MEng 77, MBA 83
Betty M. Chow, BS 83 & Albert Y. Tam, BS 81
Romain P. Clerou, BS 83
Erin K. Uesugi, BA 80 & Douglas R. Clough, MBA 83
Michael C. Cooke, MBA 83
Meryl M. Coull, BA 78, MBA 83 & Thomas B. Coull III, BS 77, MEng 79
Carol H. Cox, MBA 83 & Gary E. Cox
Debra D. Pfaltzgraff & Robert M. Creps, BA 81, MBA 83
Sallie J. & Curtis Dair, BS 83
Sallie C. Dewitt, BA 76, MBA 83 & Jim Dewitt
Nancy C. & Christopher J. Doherty, MBA 83
Denise Brower & Mark S. Douglas, BS 83, MBA 89
Justine & Edmund M. Dunn, MBA 83
Dorothy G. Englund, MBA 83 & David A. Englund, MBA 87
Stephen W. Etter, BS 83, MBA 89
Francine Falk-Allen & Richard A. Falk, BA 81, MBA 83
Emilene J. Fearn, MBA 80, PhD 12 & Jeffrey P. Fearn, MBA 83
Margaret A. & Benjamin P. Fisher, MBA 83
Debra B. Fisher, MBA 83 & Steven D. Fisher
Barrie A. Fiske, BS 83
Charmaine Fiumos, BS 83
Robin S. & Bradley S. Fox, MBA 83
Elizabeth G. Freedman, MBA 83 & Michael Freedman
Adam L. Frey, MBA 83
Jeff L. Geiger, BS 83
Anne C. & Louis J. Grabowski, MBA 83
Cece & Daniel A. Himelstein, BS 83
Elisabeth G. Childers, BA 80 & Takeo T. Hirai, MS 79, MBA 83
Ayako H. & James M. Hirano, BS 83
Rick A. Holman, MBA 83
Yvonne J. & Donald L. How, BS 76, MBA 83
Joan L. Irwin, MBA 83
Kellie A. Johnson Abreu, BS 83 & Steve M. Abreu
Marta Johnson, MBA 83
Donna L. & Stephen L. Johnson, JD 82, MBA 83
Chantay R. Jones Riding, BS 83
Rose Marie & Reuben D. Jones, MBA 83
Anne H. Jordan, BA 80 & Thomas S. Jordan, BA 76, MBA 83
Janet K. Kehoe, BS 83 & Brian E. Kehoe, MS 84
Yumiko & Thomas A. Kelley, MBA 83
Kathleen J. Kelly, MBA 83
Gail K. Kelso, BS 83
Lori R. & Alan J. Kessler, MBA 83
Margaret W. Kintner, BS 78, MBA 82 & Thomas W. Kintner, MBA 83
Frederic C. Klaske, MBA 83
Abraham Kohen, MS 79, MBA 83
Jerome E. Kornblau, BS 83
Alan F. Krock, BS 83
Viola W. Kung, PhD 78 & Fang-Chien F. Kung, PhD 76, MBA 83
Bret E. Lawson, BS 83
Debbie C. Lee, BA 84 & Daniel Y. Lee, BS 83
Ned A. Leiba, BS 74, MBA 83
Shaila Garde-Lester, BA 85 & Jack F. Lester, BS 83
Janet L. Levitt, BA 82 & Ronald J. Levitt, BA 80, MBA 83
Thomas K. Li, BS 83
Philip B. Livingston, MBA 83
Jeanne M. Logsdon, PhD 83 & John Young
Lynn A. Lohmann, MBA 83 & Ulrich J. Lohmann, LLM 82
John H. Longo, MBA 83
Jane Low, BA 84 & Allan E. Low, BS 83
Linda L. Mak, BA 69, PhD 75, MBA 83 & Thomas H. Smith
Kyle M. Mansfield, BS 83 & Paul Mansfield
Peter L. Maples, MBA 83
Linnell W. McRee, BS 83 & Brian P. McRee, BS 83
Sandra R. McVey, BS 83 & Donald W. McVey
Suzanne R. Merriman, MBA 83 & Paul A. Merriman
Crystal M. Land, BA 83 & William M. Miller, BS 83
Donna R. Mills, MBA 83 & David D. Mills, BA 77, MBA 84
Elizabeth G. & Craig C. Monsell, MBA 83
Paul J. Morgan, BS 83
Karen E. Mudge, BA 79, MBA 83 & Kenneth R. Mudge
Rolf W. Neuweiler, BS 83
Ellen S. O’Connor, BA 76, MBA 83 & Richard F. O’Connor
Laura J. & Kevin J. O’Donohue, BS 83
Irene K. Ogawa, MBA 83
Inge Olson, BS 83 & William J. Olson
Catherine H. Ong, BS 83
Tracey M. Orloff, BS 83
Kyra M. Minninger, BA 86 & Steven D. Peletz, BS 83, MBA 99
Lisa & Edward J. Pelta, BS 83
Lea & Barry A. Porter, MBA/JD 83
Amy B. Portnoy, MBA 83 & Mitchell P. Portnoy
Terren W. & Richard W. Powell, MBA 83
Kathlyn J. Powers, BS 83
MaryJo Radosevich, MBA 83
Florence B. Raskin, MPH 82, MBA 83 & Paul A. Raskin
Melanie G. & Mitchell D. Rosenberg, BS 83
Lily T. Samoranos, BA 84 & Reynold C. Samoranos, BS 83
Catherine D. & Peter C. Schreiber, BS 83
George E. Schultze, MBA 83
Heidi & Paul R. Shankwiler, MBA 83
Audrey M. & Andrew E. Shapiro, BS 83
Susan M. Shepherd, JD 83 & Bruce P. Shepherd, MBA/JD 83
Edna Y. Shipley, BS 83 & Jeffrey S. Shipley, BA 77
Ann E. & Mark S. Sievers, MBA 83
Edward P. Simmonds, MBA 83
Karen J. Singer, BS 83 & Michael D. Singer
Angela M. & Ronald C. Souza, BS 83
Anne W. Spencer, MBA 83
Jeffrey W. Stallings, MBA 83
Debbie S. Tallia, BS 76 & Ronnie Tallia, MBA 83
Grace S. Tam, BS 83 & Kevin Chung Cheung
Judith L. Liss-Thorpe, BA 82 & Jonathan G. Thorpe, MBA 83
Janet P. & Paul A. Tiffany, PhD 83
Nancy F. Tileston, BA 77 & William W. Tileston, BA 77, MBA 83
Boni L. & Eric P. Tom, MBA 83
Jean Tom, BS 83
Carol D. Upton, MBA 83
Susan & Gregory van Inwegen, BS 83
Jeanne M. Vanderfin, BS 83
Susan A. Wiesner, MBA 83
Carolyn P. Williams-Goldman, BA 83, JD 87 & Keith S. Williams-Goldman, BS 83
Stanton D. Wong, BA 79, MBA/JD 83
Robert S. Wood, BA 71, MBA 83
Georgia & David P. Yuen, MEng 75, MBA 83
Cindy Song & William M. Zarit, MBA 83
Steven W. Zellmer, MBA 83
Anonymous
Return to top
Class of 1984
Laura C. Abrahamson, BS 84 & Alan Y. Abrahamson
Paul W. Armstrong, BS 84
Barbara M. Balison, MBA 84 & Randolph L. Balison
Donald S. Ballard, MBA 84
Benita A. Bankson, BS 84 & David J. Bankson
Tammy E. Barde-Vicari, BS 84
Lynn G. Basquez, MBA 84
Roderick V. Becker, BA 74, MBA 84
Margaret A. Betsock, MBA 84 & Norman E. Abt, MA 75, PhD 82
Rina Kacker & Rajiv K. Bhagat, BS 84
Susan M. Biglieri, BS 84 & Robert K. McCabe
Andrew N. Bloch, BS 84
W. Frederick Breiten, MBA 84
Marjorie & Jason B. Bukowski, BS 84
Terese Burke Klas, BS 84 & William A. Klas
Patti D. & Brett L. Butler, BS 84
Mary B. & Patrick E. Carter, BS 84
Julee P. Carucci, MBA 84 & Richard T. Carucci, MBA 84
Pauline S. Chan-Fabries, MBA 84 & Lionel Fabries
Tina K. Choi, BS 84 & Tat C. Choi, PhD 83
Anne T. Chow, BA 86 & Ronald G. Chow, BS 84
Susan A. Coleman, MBA 84
Brenda & William R. Collins, BS 84
Mary C. Connick, BA 75, MBA 84
Ellen B. Cooper, MBA 84 & Bill Cooper
Deborah M. Damon, BS 84 & Michael Damon
Jolinda K. Decad, MA 73, MBA 84
Linda A. Della, MBA 84
William F. Dietrich, MBA 84, JD 95
Cecilia I. Doty, MBA 84 & Robert MacNamara
Kamalnayan Duggirala, MBA 84, MS 84
John C. Dwyer, BS 84
Chris R. Dyer, BS 84
Lori G. Edelstone, BS 84 & Mark L. Edelstone, BA 83
Steven A. Elson, MBA 84
Dianna & Robin S. Fleming, MBA 84
Amy M. Fong, BS 84 & David T. Wong, BS 84
Katherine R. Moser, MBA 84 & David J. Foster, BS 79, MBA 84
Betty S. & Gerald T. Fujimoto, BS 84
David M. Giraitis, MBA 84
Anne N. Granlund, BS 84, MBA 85 & Reigh R. Granlund
Amy & Nicholas D. Hafner, MBA 84
John L. Hansen, MBA 84
Honky Harjo, MBA 84
Lynn E. Harvey, BS 84
Lori A. Haugen, BA 81 & James A. Haugen, BA 79, MBA 84
Tracy L. Hawkins, MBA 84 & Timothy C. Hawkins
Kristen A. Hilmoe, BS 84 & Robert L. Hilmoe, BA 83
Kristine L. Lam, BA 78 & Jeffrey P. Hine, BA 79, MBA 84
Camilla D. Holladay, BS 84 & Daniel E. O’Connor, BS 84, JD 89, MBA 90
Jeanne S. Hsu, MBA 84
Erin M. Hull, BS 85 & Eric R. Hull, BS 84
Aquacena M. Lopez, MBA 89 & David E. Ichikawa, MBA 84
David G. Ichikawa, MBA 84
Denise L. & Joseph Jimenez Jr., MBA 84
Mariel Spalter & Andrew L. Katz, BS 84
John C. Kelly, MBA 84
Janet C. Kifolo, MBA 84
Sophia S. Kim, BS 84 & Mark Egan
Kirk O. Knapp, MBA 84
Elisa K. Kneip, BS 84 & Karl Kneip
Charles J. Koeber, MBA 84
Matina & Sotiris K. Kolokotronis, MBA 84
Monte M. & Curtis S. Kruger, MBA 84
Joyce Y. Kunz, BA 80 & Thomas W. Kunz, BA 78, MBA 84
Jackie & Dane L. Lance, BS 84
Marguerite M. Roemer & Wesley F. Leung, MBA 84
Daniel K. Louie, BS 84
Andrea C. Lurie, BA 84 & Steven J. Lurie, BS 84, JD 88
Kim E. MacMillan Helgans, BS 84
Connie K. Marmet, MBA 84
Andre E. Mathieu, MBA 84
Janet L. McAllister, MBA 84
Mary E. McAllister, MBA 84 & C. Mark Bold
Caitlin M. McGaw, BA 79, MBA 84
Robert B. Meibos, MBA 84
Lisa K. Merenbach, BA 83 & David L. Merenbach, BS 84, MBA 91
Donna R. Mills, MBA 83 & David D. Mills, BA 77, MBA 84
Philip J. Mitchell, MBA 84
Liya & Rafael A. Molano, MBA 84
David P. Moore, BS 84
Sharon J. Morell, MBA 84 & Dean K. Morell
Kenneth L. Myers, MBA 84
Cynthia C. Nakamura, BS 84 & David M. Nakamura, BS 84, MBA 90
Mary A. & John R. Opet, MBA 84
Andrea L. & David S. Oppenheimer, MBA 84
Teresita & Gary P. Palmer, MBA 84
Girija & Kannan Parmeshwar, MBA 84
Lynne Parode, MBA 84 & Sterling Lim
Lisa A. & Mark J. Pearl, MBA/JD 84
Nancy M. Pollard, MBA 84 & Edward L. Pollard
Richard A. Reeder, BA 67, MBA 84
Susan M. Reinhart, MBA 84 & Thomas Reinhart
Mercedes & Mark W. Reshke, BS 84
Marcia G. & Wayne A. Riley, BS 84
Catherine A. Rivlin, MBA 84 & Robert L. Jones
Shirley E. Roldan, BS 84 & Steven A. Roldan
Vickie Roscoe, BS 84
Katherine B. Rothrum, MBA 84 & William D. Rothrum
Rene T. Schanberger, BS 79, MBA 84
Vicki L. Schifferli, MBA 84 & Mark Helfen
Roy J. Schneiderman, MBA 84
Carole S. Sheft, MBA 84 & Douglas J. Sheft
Steven D. Silver, PhD 84
Dana S. Cohen, BA 85 & Jeffrey A. Simon, BS 84, MBA 90
Francis K. Slacik, BS 84
Diane F. Smith, BS 84
Howard Solovei, BS 84
Joan E. Spiegel, MBA 84
August R. Stemmer, BS 84
Deborah E. Stern, MBA 84
Virginia H. Steuart, BS 84 & Henry E. Steuart
Stephanie A. Sturgis-Griffin, BS 84
Teri R. Steele, BA 89 & Eric T. Sullivan, BS 84
Christine S. Tam, BS 84, MBA 91
Kevin C. Tam, BS 84
Anna S. Tong, BS 81, MBA 84
Judy & Wayne M. Tsuchitani, BS 84
David P. Warren & Carlos F. Van Natter, MBA 84
Carmel & Frederick O. Van Overbeek, BS 84, MBA 86
Lise A. Vilas, BS 84
Sabrina L. Simmons, BS 85 & Thomas W. Vogelheim, BS 84
Martha E. Weeks, MBA 84
Jodi & Robert W. Weis, MBA 84
Kathleen M. Wesner, MPH 74, MBA 84
Cathlyn L. Whalen, BS 84
Angela J. & Stephen S. Whang, BS 84
Robert K. Wiberg, MBA 84
Robert B. Wilcox Jr., MBA/JD 84
Katherine S. Williford, MBA 84 & John H. Williford, MBA 80
Bella T. & Stephen R. Witt, BS 84
Karen O. Wolff, MBA 84 & Rodney G. Hibner
Katherine C. Wong, BS 84 & Michael Y. Wong
Pamela M. Wright, MBA 84
Anonymous (2)
Return to top
Class of 1985
Lindsey K. Adams, MBA 85
Karen B. Agnew, MBA 85 & John E. Huth, MA 83, PhD 84
Margaret C. Andrews, BS 85 & Christopher S. Haley
Robin T. Arakaki, MBA 85
Kathryn & Richard J. Baca, BS 85
Sheryl A. Badalamenti, BS 85
Leslie N. & Douglas C. Barry, BS 85
Jennifer A. Baus, BS 85
Andrea L. Biren, JD 76 & Richard F. Beal, MBA 85
Alex Scotta & Adam M. Berman, BS 85
Kelly & Mark H. Bradley, BS 85
Janet M. Briggs, MBA 85 & Eric J. Patzer
Jill Bronson, MBA 85 & Paul Commons
Logan Waters & Douglas H. Burnet, BS 85
Robert A. Cantrell, MBA 85
Robert D. Cantz, BS 80, MBA 85
Shirley L. & Jiakuei Chang, MBA 85
Allison J. Chao, BS 85 & Clinton Y. Chao, BS 84
Kathleen G. Charles, MBA 85 & William A. Charles
Felicidad & Huachen Chen, MBA 85
Wen Ching A. Chen, BS 85
Carrie A. & Douglas M. Childers, BS 85
Karisa L. Chin, BS 85
Anni C. Chu, BS 85 & Charles H. Ng, MBA 89
Yen Chun, MBA 85
Bruce Cook, MBA 85
Alan J. Cremers, MBA 85
Sheila A. Dahlgren, BS 85 & Daniel T. Dahlgren
Pilar H. Davies, BS 85 & Paul L. Davies III
Kathleen S. Deane, BS 85 & Benton H. Deane
Laura B. & Raymond J. DePole Jr., BS 85
Karen C. Devlin, BS 85 & Michael A. Devlin, BS 88
Joan E. Don, BS 85 & Hillary Don
Thomas M. Elliott, MBA 85
Karen & John M. Ellis, MBA 85
Thomas J. Espinoza, BS 85
Reiko Forbaith & Ted J. Forbath, BS 85
Clay G. Foster, BA 79, MBA 85
Janet C. & William A. Fraser, MBA 85
Libby D. Frolichman, BS 85 & Vincent Gonzales
Rie & Kiyotaka Fujimoto, MBA 85
Douglas S. Rice & Michael J. Gallivan, MBA/MPH 85
Nancy L. Geimer, BS 85
Laura A. Goff, BS 78, MBA 85
Bonnie J. Goldsmith, BS 79, MBA 85
Anne N. Granlund, BS 84, MBA 85 & Reigh R. Granlund
Brenda S. & Bennett E. Gross, MBA 85
Antonette C. Gullatt-West, BS 85 & James E. West
Michael R. Hammon, MBA 85
Karl-Otto Hartmann, MBA 85
Catherine M. Hazama, MBA 85
Teresita B. Helling, BS 85 & Robert B. Helling
Doreen & Glenn K. Hosokawa, BS 85
Liora J. & Marcel P. Houtzager, MBA 85
Kari J. Hovland, MBA 85
Paul L. Huberman, BA 80, MBA 85
Erin M. Hull, BS 85 & Eric R. Hull, BS 84
Sharon H. & Wayne H. Hykan, MBA 85
Sylvia & David A. Inchausti, BS 85
Tom E. Jebsen, MBA 85
Staci & Ian A. Johnston, BA 78, MBA 85
Lisa M. Jones, BS 85
Allison Jung, BA 81 & Joel R. Jung, MBA 85
Jennifer B. Kane, MBA 85 & Bernie Trilling
Mary Beth N. Kane, BA 85 & Stephen M. Kane, BS 85
Andrew L. Kaplan, MBA 85
Dorothea C. Kaz, BS 86 & Kevin D. Kaz, BS 85
Nancy G. & William A. Koefoed Jr., BS 85, MBA 94
Ellen P. Lee, BS 85 & Bernard Lee
Daniel J. Lem, MBA 85
Susan E. Little, BS 85 & Russell N. Little
Arthur F. Lombard, MBA 85
Patrick J. London, MBA 85
Shirley Lum, BS 81, MBA 85
David Lyle, MBA 85
Alison N. Mark, BS 85
Joy & Richard B. Mayerson, MBA 85
Mary L. McDonald, MBA 85
Edward & Laura C. McDonnell, MBA/JD 85
Kennon S. & Joseph F. McDonough, MBA 85
Marion L. McGovern, MBA 85 & Gerald J. McGovern
Malcolm G. Mitchell II, BS 81, MBA 85
George J. Montague, BS 85
George L. Montgomery, MBA 85
Michael C. Mulholland, MBA 85
Julia P. & Brian D. Muller, BS 85
Michael D. Oransky, BS 85
Anne-Marie F. Pastor, BA 90 & George A. Pastor, BS 85
Steven J. Paull, MBA 85
Betty R. Phillips, MBA 85 & John Phillips
Sheila M. Puffer, PhD 85
Brenda M. Quan, BS 85 & Kit M. Wong, BA 82, MArch 85, MS 87, PhD 89
M. Tina Ravizza-Blumenfeld, BS 85 & Vince Blumenfeld
Tara R. Rochlin, BS 85 & David A. Rochlin, BS 85
Gonzalo A. Rubio, PhD 85
Amy B. & Eric H. Sahn, MBA 85
Jaime B. Salandanan, MBA 85
Elizabeth D. Salomon, MBA 85 & Raymond M. Salomon, BA 82, MBA 85
Lisbet & Stuart S. Schlitt, MBA 85
Jamee D. & Dean L. Schorno, BS 85
Martha L. Schumacher, MBA 85
Mauri K. Schwartz, MBA 85
Barbara J. & Eric J. Scriven, BS 85, MBA 93
Kathlyn H. Selleck, BS 85
Lisa L. Sernett, BS 85 & Steven M. Sernett
Susan L. Setterholm, MBA 85
David A. Sherman, MBA 85
Eileen & Kevin A. Shields, BS 82, MBA/JD 85
Sabrina L. Simmons, | ||||||
10432 | yago | 2 | 28 | https://issuu.com/nfaausa/docs/june_july_2006 | en | June/July 06 | [
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Here you'll find an answer to your question. | ||||
10432 | yago | 0 | 66 | https://www.wallofcelebrities.com/celebrities/jon-cypher/home.html | en | Wall Of Celebrities | [
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10432 | yago | 0 | 82 | https://www.realtimearts.net/exclusives | en | RealTime Arts - australia I media arts I performance I hybrid arts I the world | [
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] | null | [] | null | en | null | Next week we'll proudly launch our brand new website, a home not only to informed and constructive reviewing but also to video, sound, music and other works for you to experience, whether on computer, tablet or phone, with each accompanied by a critical appreciation. As well, we're reinvigorating RealTime Traveller and RealTime TV, commissioning new video works for our Gallery and video essays about diverse art practices, highlighting video art by emerging artists in Critical Video, and digging into RealTime's treasurehouse of review for the revelatory Deep Archive. Next week's RealTime will take you straight to the new site. In the meantime, enjoy this edition in which the body is the vehicle for self-examination, historical reflection and new dance, and the subject of a visual artist's probing gaze. Keith, Virginia, Lauren
This week come with us to the UK to meet provocative dance duo Project O, to Mexico for a travelling film festival that confronts corruption, to the US for a film by an Australian that casts citizens as participants in the scenario of a legendary murder, to the Gold Coast for a young artist's take on globalised culture and to Brisbane for a possibly self-mythologising performance by a Sydney ensemble. Visiting Australia from New York, photographer Lili Almog challenges our perceptions of the veiling of women and Japan's techno-wizards teamLab reveal four new works for you to contemplate on this very screen if not in reach of the Sydney gallery where they, and Almog, are exhibiting. From suburban Carlton, Shopfront presents potent new work by young theatre artists at Belvoir and we urge you to take a look at Conor Bateman's video essay Cameraperson to person, widely viewed when it premiered in last week's RealTime. Keith and Virginia
RealTime in real time: change is on the way. In coming weeks we'll launch a new website with special features including commissioned and critiqued video and audio works. As a prelude, we present the first of our commissioned video essays, Cameraperson to person, in which Conor Bateman deploys video to appreciate the workings of Kirsten Johnson's significantly inventive film. It's a joy for us at RealTime to be able to present and respond to art with a greater range of means while sustaining the power of the word at a time when criticism is seriously embattled, giving way to a deluge of likes, stars and tweeted one-liners. The image above is from a percussion work by Australian composer Kate Neal, Never Tilt Your Chair, an exemplar of art's capacity to endlessly invent and mutate, fusing the everyday, theatre and high precision playing from three skilled musicians. Keith & Virginia
Nature and the internet: two kinds of plenitude, one of its own making (it bred us) and one of our technological own. They offer commonality, solace and inspiration; exploited, they turn against us. The good news in this edition is that our inherent art-making continues to be succoured by nature in the beautiful bush of Bundanon and its artist residencies where Trevor Flinn becomes Arthur Boyd's Nebuchadnezzar and Next Wave's Kickstarter emerging artists become one with nature and each other. In Kandos, artists populate the NSW country town and adjacent countryside with art. Conor Bateman reveals an astonishing internet wealth of streamed video art that will both challenge and inspire [Ben Russell's experimental film Atlantis, above]. Rogue Agents, at Firstdraft, projects a new wave of cultural and biological evolution while the horror film Raw confronts us with our fears—and regressive temptations. Much to chew on. Keith & Virginia
Most of my encounters with contemporary art and film over recent weeks haven’t happened by visiting a gallery, museum or cinema. Rather, contact's been made via my laptop, smart phone, a giant screen in a public transport space and reflections on the future of film festivals. In RealTime this week I interview the curatorial director of Wynscreen, which delivers moving-image art to travellers passing though Wynyard Station. Ever preoccupied with the horror genre, Katerina Sakkas reviews Olivier Assayas’ technological arthouse ghost story, Personal Shopper, in which a grieving woman (Kristen Stewart) interacts with a mysterious presence via text messaging. Cameron Williams considers the ways that video-on-demand platforms are changing Australian screen culture and challenging film festivals. And in the theatre work Passenger, John Bailey finds himself immersed in a kind of live cinema. The contemporary screen is a radical shape-shifter. Lauren, Acting Assistant Editor
Translation looms large in RealTime this week as our reviewers tackle the relationship between experience and its distillation into art. Is failure of translation fundamentally more likely than success, asks Andrew Fuhrmann, confronted with the strengths and weaknesses of works in this year's Dance Massive. How meaningful is Asia TOPA's invitation for its audiences to witness or enter heightened states in works that blur the line between lived experience and art [image above: Attractor]? Jana Perkovic is disturbed by abstraction not anchored to any palpable materiality in Chunky Moves' Anti—Gravity and Luke Goodsell perceives a gap at the centre of Rosie Jones' The Family: a failure to explore the life of the woman who led that destructive cult. Matthew Lorenzon enjoys Chamber Made Opera and the Sichuan Conservatory of Music 's Between 8 and 9, which deals directly and playfully with how we can speak about music. Reviewers are translators too, transforming art experiences into their own art, failing or succeeding in expanding and intensifying the looping conversation that art prompts. Keith & Virginia
There are times when we all need backbone, literally and skilfully displayed in Gravity & Other Myth’s Backbone [image above] and metaphorically in shapeshifting Silvia Calderoni's performance in MDLSX, a wild and frank declaration of a transgender self. Also in the Adelaide Festival, Indigenous performer-composers William Barton and Deborah Cheetham strengthen Australian contemporary music with their innovations. Next up in post-festival Adelaide is Long Tan, a product of the resolve of playwright Verity Laughton, Brink and STCSA to bravely face the realities and myth-making that constellate around the Vietnam War battle. In Melbourne, artist Ash Keating submits his vast new paintings to theatrical lighting design and in Hobart the fascinating Unconscious Collective sync our heartbeats. Next week we boldly plunge into Dance Massive and Asia TOPA. Keith & Virginia
With the Adelaide Festival's sense of celebration (as in the image above from Barrie Kosky's wondrous Saul) and gravitas still resonating, it was a pleasure to hear that Arts Minister Mitch Fifield has shut down the Catalyst Fund. The return of $61m to the Australia Council was cautiously welcomed by the small to medium arts sector, hoping that funds will definitely now go directly to those for whom they were originally intended. Some 60 arts organisations have gone unfunded, some barely sustained by state government funding, others not, careers floundering, while Catalyst became an electoral slush fund and lucky dip for large arts organisations, festivals, academics and questionable arts ventures benefitting from the suffering of others. The return of funds might look like a victory for art in the culture wars, but there's a lot of catch-up to do, funding levels are less than adequate and Coalition arts policy set at zero. At the very least, we can be thankful that we still have an Australia Council for the Arts while we feel for US artists as President Donald Trump goes gunning for the NEA. Keith & Virginia
Welcome to our International Women’s Day E-dition, which includes Lauren Carroll Harris’ report on promising new directions offered filmmakers and audiences by female-focused film festivals. Above, the team at Women in Film & TV NSW pose in the outfits they wore for their funny and forceful “End the Sausage Party” protest against the low number of nominations for films made by women in the 2016 AACTA Awards. Elsewhere in this E-dition, a cohort of female RealTime writers respond to a variety of out-of-the-ordinary works in the Perth International Arts Festival (Jana Perkovic), Supercell Contemporary Dance Festival (Kathryn Kelly) and Asia TOPA (Sally Sussman and Madeline Roycroft). Demands are rapidly escalating for gender equity and freedom from discrimination and violence in the face of surging dictatorial politics overtly hostile to women's rights. RealTime celebrates women's creative capacity to prevail. We’re off to the Adelaide Festival! See you again on 22 March. Virginia & Keith
Plastic shopping bags in hand, cast members, including a cohort of NIDA students, each become Tiananmen Square’s Tank Man in the much-anticipated Sydney Theatre Company production of UK playwright Lucy Kirkwood’s Chimerica. (Listen to our interview with director Kip Williams about his approach to this epic play.) The title conjures, first, the chimera—a beast from Greek mythology with a lion’s head, a goat’s head rising from the creature’s back and a tail ending in the head of a snake—and then its embodiment as a hybridised China and America. These nations are dangerously co-dependent: mutually hostile and intricately entwined economically. Australia’s foreign policy is habitually oriented to the US while our economic dependency on Chinese purchasing power grows daily. How will we position ourselves as ‘Chimerica’ threatens to unravel? Cultural groundwork is being laid by Asialink, APT, OzAsia, Asia TOPA and others, but the Australian Government faces a major political challenge. Keith & Virginia
Like journalists, documentary filmmakers are increasingly having to compete with the dictatorial purveyors of "alternative facts." Worse, it's happening at the very moment when adept deployers of social media technologies can promulgate blatant untruths with viral ease. Spin doctors emerged in the 1990s and then, a decade ago, satirist Stephen Colbert outed gut-feeling, evidence and logic-free "truthiness," which has now come totally into its own. Outright lies and glaring contradictions are served up without even the gloss of spin. So it's timely for the 2017 Australian International Documentary Conference to address the challenges for the documentarian in a "post-truth" world and, at the same time, assay the—at first glance unlikely—potentials of gaming and VR technologies for generating honest, immersive, interactive engagements with eras, cultures and ideas. Keith & Virginia
As we wrap up our intensive Sydney Festival coverage—looking back with pleasure on a finely curated, richly themed program of memorable works—we turn to Asia TOPA, an exciting new triennial festival in Melbourne centred on Asian performance and promising works that will challenge the senses and widen Australian horizons. Also in this E-dition, Chris Reid travels to Hobart to take in MOFO's excellent electronics-focused program. Next week we anticipate the Australian International Documentary Conference [AIDC], also in Melbourne, at ACMI, and preview the Adelaide Festival's dramatically distinctive 2017 program. Keith and Virginia
EDITORIAL
Wesley Enoch's first Sydney Festival was buoyant with the sense of occasion anticipated in our interview last December. Some festival-goers have been excited by what they've experienced as "a decolonising of the festival," with its strong programming of Indigenous artists. Others have been thrilled by the sensory and formal adventurousness of a range of works. This E-dition is the first of two focused on the festival. Next week Nikki Heywood will respond to Still Life and Institute, Vick Van Hout to Prize Fighter, Blood on the Dance Floor and Huff and James Whiting to King Roger. We'll also address The Encounter, SHIT, The Season, Champions and have another look at Biographica. Elsewhere this week we take you to Venice, Pakistan and then Adelaide for something international from Lloyd Cole. Good to have you with us for 2017! Keith and Virginia
Oh what a year! As the rise of dictatorial state capitalism and the conservative push for a one-size-fits-all culture suggest, we can expect hard times ahead. Our editorial image is from Dmitry Krymov's Opus No. 7, a powerful imagistic account of the fate of Russia's Jews and the compromised composer Shostakovitch under Stalin; it's featured in the 2017 Perth International Arts Festival. We look back over a year in which our coverage ranged across the country, from OzAsia and Liveworks to small regional festivals and hundreds of individual works. Take the holiday season to revive your spirits. We look forward to keeping you in touch with the art that sustains us in 2017. Keith & Virginia
Remembrance & Forgetting. English psychoanalyst Adam Phillips, writing about Oscar Wilde in his book Unforbidden Pleasures (2015), notes that "great art, in Wilde's view...enables us to forget ourselves, our rational, conforming, intelligible, law-abiding, too-timid, explaining selves, and this forgetting makes things possible." Within a constellation of works ('great' or not) in an arts festival, we can even more intensely lose ourselves to reverie, joy, passion and bewilderment. Phillips extrapolates: "What we don't know, what we haven't understood, can be the realest thing about us." A good festival demands such openness. But it can also enact remembrance, of what we have forgotten or will forget or never knew, as Wesley Enoch looks to do with his 2017 Sydney Festival, celebrating the 1967 Referendum (which acknowledged the humanity of the Indigenous peoples of Australia), cultural continuity (in the lives of Tasmania’s muttonbirders; image above, Trevor Jamieson in The Season), and with sadness, the art of Myuran Sukumaran. Keith & Virginia
The world opens and contracts. The image above is of dance artist Matt Shilcock in his 2015 work The Likes of Me, which he co-directed with mentor Dean Walsh. In For All We Know (or thought we knew) Part II, Dean reflects on what he's learned from his collaborations with artists who have a disability. The exponential growth of talented artists in this field reflects a growing openness in our society to their assertion of worth and our acceptance and acknowledgment of those once considered incapable of autonomy. But there are signs of contraction—a narrowing and potential erasure of hard-won human rights to equality, unexploited labour, asylum and freedom from prejudice. I recall my primary school years in the 1950s when schoolyard-segregated "deaf and dumb" students were the subjects of derision and taunts. The growing call from the right for the freedom to insult with impunity denies freedom from prejudice to those too easily defined as different. Keith
The new abnormal. The international trend towards demagoguery and the diminution of democracy moves closer to home with, among other things, Section 18C of the Racial Discrimination Act under threat from an increasingly right-swinging Liberal-National Government. RealTime this week includes reviews of works that address old norms—rape culture, racism, masculinist popular culture, fear of immigrants—which are finding cancerous new life as they fuse with fact-free, empathy-challenged alt-right, libertarian and One Nation populism. At least now, thanks to Prime Minister Turnbull doing a Howard, we know who we are, part of the “media elite,” oblivious to the concerns of ordinary Australians. Next on the list? Artists? Keith and Virginia
Performance Space’s 2016 Liveworks attracted loyal fans, hungry for experimental art and many others, attracted by the unusual. This E-dition features reviews of most of the festival’s diverse works that occupied Carriageworks in a way that made sense of the building. There’s an overview from us of the ‘bigger picture’ that Liveworks offers of our culture, its connections with Asia, the self, Indigeneity and community. It’s a festival well worth celebrating in dark times. Keith & Virginia, Oztrayah, Trumpistan
This week we traverse, celebrate and reduce distances at the very moment the Turnbull Government attempts to push refugees ever further beyond Australia and our consciousness—out of empathy’s reach. In Sydney’s Fairfield, women of diverse cultures take to the streets in artworks and ethnic celebrations that engender visibility and reduce the gap that is gender inequality. Further west, Casula Powerhouse draws together wonderfully eccentric sculptures from across Australia prior to touring to eight regional galleries. The Book of Daughters places women at the centre of the sonic arts, anticipating future equality and bringing together Australian and Asian performers. Next week, our feature coverage of Performance Space’s Liveworks Festival of Experimental Art. Keith & Virginia
Resilience & Resistance. Resilience is a strikingly recurrent theme in this E-dition. In Project Xan, a woman appears as herself in performance, reflecting on the consequences of being raped and blamed for it at age 12. Emma Beech in Life is Short and Long conjures intimate conversations she’s had with people facing crises, personal, social and economic. For reviewer Francis Russell, Gosia Wlodarczak’s A Room Without A View (Extended) suggests the power of drawing as a kind of refrain for containing chaos. French-Algerian choreographer Nacera Belaza, performing The Shout in Dancehouse’s Border Lines, writes of being “grounded in the rhythms of Gnawa, a kind of ancient African spiritual music based on the chant-like repetition of refrains and phases.” As Andrew Fuhrmann observes, The Shout and (in the same program) Sarah-Jane Norman’s Take This For It Is My Body, resiliently secure tradition against disintegration but are equally acts of bodily resistance, as are all the works, in their own ways, mentioned here. We’ll be back 9 November; see you then. Keith & Virginia
Signs of Life. Will Sydney, Perth and Adelaide’s summer festivals breathe new life into an over-tired, hyperactive, fuzzy formula? Relatively small, artform or theme-focused arts festivals (BIFEM, OzAsia, Next Wave, Dance Massive, Liveworks) offer cogency, communality and a sense of difference with works that collectively take you out of the ordinary. The gigantism of their large peers—international arts and fringe festivals—limits shared appreciation and buries significant works amid all too familiar festival fare. But much can be forgiven if an overarching sense of purpose—social, political and aesthetic, whether or not themed—is evident. From what we’ve learned (details in coming weeks) two of Australia’s forthcoming international arts festivals are showing the signs of life we yearn for. In the meantime, we have reports from idiosyncratic festivals in the Ruhr and Riga, reviews of distinctive works in this year’s Melbourne Fringe and previews of the much anticipated Liveworks—including Thunderhead (image above)—an artstorm about to break. Keith & Virginia
OZASIA FESTIVAL SPECIAL EDITION
With intensive coverage of 18 of its shows, we celebrate the success of this year’s festival, OzAsia’s 10th. The annual event was initiated by Adelaide Festival Centre CEO Douglas Gautier, who had previously worked in Hong Kong, and taken to a new level in 2015 and 2016 by OzAsia’s Artistic Director Joseph Mitchell whose eye for innovation and diversity in Asian art and performance of all kinds has given us works with which to see the world and ourselves anew. According to our Adelaide correspondents Ben Brooker and Chris Reid this was the best OzAsia yet. For us it was our first, a storm-defying, mind-bending and sense-expanding experience. One of our great pleasures is to live-in at a festival, responding to it in detail, as RealTime has done this year with Next Wave and the Bendigo International Festival of Exploratory Music, and many others over 22 years of arts publishing. We’re eager for even greater cross-cultural insights from and immersion in 2017’s OzAsia Festival. Keith & Virginia
OzAsia 2016 is a festival on fire, right now in Adelaide. Hong Kong digital media artist Kingsley Ng’s Gallery Express (image above) is one of the event’s immersive highlights, a surreal journey back to the present from a future, uninhabitable Earth. Chris Reid reviews three of the festival’s engrossing exhibitions in this edition, including Ng’s Record Light. Sensory transformation figures elsewhere as audiences find themselves directly engaged in Lee Serle’s MULTIMODAL and Ohad Naharin’s Decadance. Another kind of transformation is recorded in dancer Dean Walsh’s deeply personal account of coming to a profound understanding of how he relates to the world, to art-making and disability. We’re off to the wonderful OzAsia and will regale you on 12 October with extensive coverage of the performances, public events and visual arts which are transforming the Australian-Asian relationship. Keith & Virginia
THE SUSTAINABILITY OF RENEWABLE ANXIETY
Anxiety is an invaluable coping mechanism, but exploitable. How can we sustainably manage our concerns—crank up the fear voltage, invent new horrors or seek out alternative visions and possible solutions? These are the kinds of questions asked by Lyndon Blue and Francis Russell on seeing exhibitions about art and ecology at PICA in Perth and apocalypse at Success arts space in Fremantle. Hugh Davies reviews Screen Ecologies, an Australian book we’d love to read about the variety of screen-based artist responses to climate change in our Asia-Pacific region—art that’s actually close to home. Often we feel left out of the action—when did our own government last engage us directly in sustainable environmental programs in the everyday? Anxiety is perpetually renewable but only sustainable when rooted in an evolving, nuanced exchange between research, fact and fine imaginings.
Artistic Director David Chisholm’s Bendigo International Festival of Exploratory Music (BIFEM) again proved itself to be one of Australia’s boldest, intensive arts events. In a mere two and half days, committed audiences, professional, student and community players came together with egalitarian spirit to embrace thrillingly demanding contemporary music, opera, dance and sound art in the city’s centre. The unnervingly brilliant ELISION ensemble, celebrating its 30th birthday, provided three key concerts, two of them involving superb performances from Australian National Academy of Music students, and two with gripping compositions by leading Australian composer Liza Lim, whose 50th birthday was also celebrated. Today, we’re publishing a selection of reviews from the festival’s Music Writers’ Workshop. There’ll be more next week. In our ongoing Arts Education feature, we focus on acting at the Adelaide College of the Arts and on the educational damage being wrought on the Sydney College of the Arts and the culture of Sydney by the NSW Government. Keith & Virginia
We’ll be brief. There’s so much weird and wonderful reading in this E-dition, taking you from the Darwin Festival to Australia’s newest dance festival, Salamanca Moves (UK artist Liz Aggiss above) in Hobart, from Keith Armstrong’s imaginary ecologies to Tim Darbyshire’s human stress-test, from Toshiki Okada’s critical paean to baseball in the OzAsia Festival to ELISION ensemble’s celebratory exhibition in Melbourne and performances in Bendigo and Sydney Chamber Opera’s revelatory take on Dostoevsky. Our ongoing Arts Education feature focuses this week on Adelaide Central School of Art. While art revels in nuance, complexity and passion, the angry forces of absolutism in the new federal parliament line up to do their worst. It’s time to care. We’re off to the Bendigo International Festival of Exploratory Music—follow us on Partial Durations—and will be back with you on 14 September. Keith and Virginia
The naked truth E-dition. Revealed this week, Performance Space’s 2016 Festival of Experimental Art features a stellar line-up of Asian and Australian innovators, including Mish Grigor [cover] whose The Talk, about the family and sex, is one of the featured works. In Off the Record, Force Majeure’s performers expose themselves to uncomfortable truths. In Tribunal, Powerhouse Youth Theatre’s stark revelations about our oppression of Aboriginal Australians and refugees render us naked. In Down Under, writer-director Abe Forsythe strips bare the perpetrators of the Cronulla Riots, would-be emperors of the Australian beach. As concerns for refugees and Aboriginal Australians escalate in the face of undeniable facts, the naked truth must displace the lies, denialism and “truthiness” (thanks Stephen Colbert) at which governments excel. Keith & Virginia
In our ongoing Arts Education feature, you’ll read about media artist George Khut in-residence at the National Portrait Gallery, his take on digital portraiture and his teaching at UNSW Art & Design; while actor and writer Jane Griffiths tells us about music theatre’s great leap forward at Monash University. We pay special tribute to Australian dance artist Philippa Cullen. As a member of Sydney’s exploratory art community from the late 60s until her death in 1975, she vigorously engaged in cross-artform performance and public dance, visited Africa and India, worked with Stockhausen in Europe and, above all, created works in which dancers triggered music via elegantly sculpted theremins. Young artists today might find inspiration in Cullen’s vision and the communal passion with which she pursued it. Keith & Virginia
Arts & Education
The image above is of lecturer Cath McKinnon’s production of Tom Holloway’s Lyrebird, written for and performed by students at the University of Wollongong. In an interview, fellow lecturer Chris Ryan reveals the strange new worlds that UOW Theatre and Performance students will enter on their way to fascinating careers. UNSW senior lecturer Erin Brannigan talks about her Reviewing the Arts course at UNSW, a timely initiative as criteria, standards and platforms undergo radical change. JR Brennan’s The Chat, Andrea James’ Winyanboga Yurringa and Eastern Riverina Arts’ Basin provide this E-dition with exciting evidence of the ongoing inventiveness of Australia’s performance culture. Keith & Virginia
Arts Education 2016
Welcome to our annual arts education feature, an informal survey of issues, courses, teachers, works and students over coming weeks. As a prelude, WAAPA’s Jonathan Marshall reports on the 2016 Performance Studies International Conference hosted by the University of Melbourne and Rennie McDougall at NYU addresses the complexities of positioning himself as a critic, reflected in Sally Smart’s The Choreography of Cutting (above). In our next E-dition Erin Brannigan describes the workings of her new Reviewing the Arts course at UNSW and Christopher Ryan reflects on the nurturing of performers at the University of Wollongong. Join us in this celebration of the making of a new generation of artists.
As we sense the world crumbling around us, environmentally and politically, it’s some relief to see artists in the 2016 OzAsia Festival and others appearing here attempting to rebuild through understanding the nature of suffering, nurturing empathy and envisaging new ways of thinking and being. They play with form, media and mood, but speak with a directness that is increasingly evident in the arts in testing times. On the other hand, there’s pleasure to be had from works that disconnect us from the intensifying demands of the everyday, such as the must-see media art works of dancer Hiroaki Umeda, teamLab, Mikuni Yanaihara and Kingsley Ng featured in the 2016 OzAsia Festival. They’re not frivolous, revealing instead the potential for creative responses to the same technologies that produce our assumed reality. Keith & Virginia
Change and transformation are pivotal to this E-dition. In Unseen, performance artist Lauren Simmonds uses illusion to reveal an unseen world behind the everyday, uniting us all. An injury compels circus artist Emma Serjeant to reinvent her practice for a new work, Grace. Actor Raoul Craemer becomes both troubled grandson and fascist grandfather in his play Pigman’s Lament. To duel with his animated self as The Ramayana’s Jatayu, Raghav Handa transforms into Ravana in Mens rea: The Shifter’s Intent. On seeing Ranters’ Come Away with Me to the End of the World and Anni and Maude Davey’s Retro Futurismus, John Bailey reflects on how we render others, the past and future as eccentric. PACT, Sydney’s Centre for Emerging Artists, runs programs that turn eager young practitioners into confident artists, but Australia Council defunding threatens to defuse that transformative power. Director Katrina Douglas and supporters are determined to push on: continuity is the foundation for transformation. Keith & Virginia
It’s a painful time. The LNP won the election, narrowly. Artists lost, enormously. But the sector and supporters fought hard, creating a unanimity of purpose with which to hold governments to account from now on. Students and staff at Sydney College of the Arts are hurting with the announcement of their college’s absorption into UNSW Art & Design. They’re fighting it, transforming pain into action. Suffering and its management are directly addressed in this E-dition in a Virtual Reality experience created by Eugenie Lee which simulates chronic pain (image above) and in an Irish dance work about angst wrought by separation. Other works reviewed look back to the arts politics of the 20th century (Colin Bright Syzygy Band and Julian Rosefeldt’s Manifesto) for inspiration and a sense of continuity while the Manifesta 11 biennale treats its host city, Zurich, as a socio-political art site and Terrapin Puppet Theatre and playwright Angela Betzien tackle a dysfunctional future with the ancient arts of clowning, tale-telling and puppetry. In Croatia, Jana Perkovic experiences intimate, deeply engaging performances that resolve in joy. Where there’s art, there’s hope. Keith & Virginia
In her review of the Sydney Film Festival’s Virtual Reality program, Lauren Carroll Harris encounters a work about incipient blindness which is at once wonderfully immersive and deeply empathic. We turn to art for the sustenance with which to understand and face reality, or to evade it. We often do both at once, finding in art a refuge from which we can reflect on painful reality at a distance. In Britain, a Prime Minister, in appeasing the right-wing of his party, has made real the rank nationalism, xenophobia and racism of Brexit. Artists will suffer, losing access to the EU’s £1.3 billion Creative Europe funding program, to visa-free movement, training programs and the benefits of “the largest export market for the UK's creative industries, totalling 56% of all overseas trade in the sector.” In Australia, we face the harsh reality of the Turnbull Government’s depredation of culture and its cowardly, non-binding, right-wing accommodating gay marriage plebiscite. We hope that the brave art we respond to in this e-dition will provide some solace and strengthen our collective resolve to fight for art beyond the 2016 election. Keith & Virginia
In his Q&A appearance on Monday night, Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull revealed a profound ignorance of his government’s mishandling of arts funding when quizzed by singer Katie Noonan. He insisted that the Australia Council has been better funded under the Abbott-Turnbull Government, that most Catalyst Funding went to regional arts (37% in fact) and used Geelong’s Back to Back Theatre (he clearly didn't know who they were) as an example of a regional company that might not otherwise have been funded had it not been assisted by Catalyst. Browse Catalyst funding results and you’ll see familiar names of organisations usually funded by the Australia Council, some now additionally advantaged, while some larger players have taken the opportunity to source funds that were once the province of the small to medium sector which now faces a bleak future. Former Arts Minister George Brandis envisaged a broader and more competitive funding model; instead, he and his successor have catalysed an aberration: brutal, chaotic and divisive. Make your vote count, but not for an out of touch, uncaring Turnbull. Keith & Virginia
Reality takes a hit. Vancouver’s Fight with a Stick immerses its audience in the immensity of non-human “vibrant matter.” Chunky Move’s Anouk van Dijk teasingly tests the real/virtual borderline. Cassandra Tytler’s I’m Sorry subjects the gallery-goer to the rantings of a domestic violence perpetrator as performed by the artist. Yirra Yaakin (image above) conjures the ghosts of rebels who lost their heads to a colonialism that haunts us still. Meanwhile we’re spooked by Arts Minister Mitch Fifleld, a smooth decimator of arts ”jobs and growth.” Only the electoral defeat of the Turnbull Government on 2 July will deliver arts jobs and growth—freed of ministerial manipulation.
EDITORIAL
Click on the image above to read about the June 8 Artspeak National Arts Election Debate, growing arts industry unanimity against the Government over its treatment of artists, and the June 17th Arts Action Day. Neither the future of Australia’s Indigenous peoples nor the environment yet figure in the election campaign. In this E-dition reviews of political visual arts exhibitions and documentary filmmaking (image above from Kelrick Martin’s Prison Songs) keep us mindful of this, but art is busy now protecting itself too from government.
The appalling news of the defunding of Australia’s premiere national festival for emerging artists—alongside other crucially innovative organisations—did not prevent Next Wave Festival from excelling nor dimmed its spirits. It played to full houses, delighting audiences and triggering invaluable conversations about mutating artforms and key cultural issues. With five emerging arts writers and mentors Andrew Fuhrmann and Jana Perkovic in our DanceWrite workshop, we experienced the pleasures and provocations Next Wave engenders, all working day and night for each participant to produce a set of reviews. This involved intensive group discussions, shared reading and close editing. We thank our participants and mentors for their energy, commitment and company, and Hannah Matthews of Sharing Space for inviting RealTime and Next Wave to collaborate on this venture.
The 2016 Next Wave Festival is underway. Jane Howard reviews eight of its opening productions. We’ll be responding to more performances, visual arts shows and the festival’s dance program with reviews by RealTime’s DanceWrite workshop participants. To date it’s been a dancing year for RealTime, and for good reason, given the choreographic focus of Stephanie Rosenthal’s Biennale of Sydney and the remarkably diverse dance works we’ve reviewed in Hobart, regional Tasmania, Campbelltown, Townsville, Perth, Adelaide, Vancouver and New York. The Keir Choreographic Award has provoked even greater debate the second time around, with a valuable focus on the criteria for selection and judgment and what these indicate about the nature of contemporary dance. We also report on PROPELLED in Newcastle, a much smaller but significant program supporting emerging artists and also, like the Keir, with a focus on interdisciplinarity.
AUSTRALIANS, END THE INCARCERATION OF ASYLUM SEEKERS. End sickness, mental illness, self- and sexual abuse. End suicide, torture, manslaughter and murder. End hopelessness. AUSTRALIANS, ADMIT RESPONSIBILITY. For first making war on Iraq. For creating refugees, denying them basic human rights, treating them as criminals. AUSTRALIANS, END ‘THE PACIFIC SOLUTION.’ It is no solution. Move beyond compassion. Exercise imagination, strategise and act. AUSTRALIANS, CLOSE OFFSHORE DETENTION CENTRES. Respect the rights of refugees. Bring them to Australia. Invite those whose claims have been processed to live and work among us. Treat other asylum seekers rapidly with new, humane processing. AUSTRALIANS, END THIS REFUGEE HELL OF OUR MAKING. THIS HELL WE TOO INHABIT, WITH GUILT AND SHAME FOR THE HURT WE DO. Keith & Virginia
Children and young people are at the centre of this E-dition. Triggered by research into the negative effects of electronic tools on the bodies and minds of children, Dancenorth transforms confined digital manipulation into vivid, expansive physical play. At London’s Tate Modern the young, and adults too, dig into the history of live art by recreating seminal works. In Stephen Page’s feature film Spear, a young man seeks reconciliation with his own culture by finding a place in men’s business. Margot Nash’s The Silences, a beautifully crafted film memoir, returns the filmmaker to her childhood to grapple with her fraught relationship with her mother.
In this e-dition, Nikki Heywood and Rennie McDougall, both writers and performers, find their states of being altered by idiosyncratic dance works. McDougall’s patience is tested as he struggles to engage with a performance by NY dancer Heather Kravas, acknowledging the challenge to reviewing that the work presents and the complexity with which its theme, “Women are not objects,” is realised. Heywood watches naked Australian dancers working with French choreographer Xavier Le Roy become animals and plants, their gaze implicating and reorienting the audience. Digital art, with VR now back in the picture, can reconfigure our perceptions, but so can dancers performing in unadorned spaces. Keith & Virginia
Soon after the revelatory Victory Over the Sun, the 20th Biennale of Sydney produced another striking performance, Manger, a profoundly visceral work featuring Musée de la danse, from Rennes in France, in a one-off performance. The Biennale’s keynote address was delivered by the company’s director, choreographer Boris Charmatz, an apparently unusual choice but one in tune with the Biennale Artistic Director Stephanie Rosenthal’s passion for bringing ephemeral works into the art museum, if from a very different position and raising critical questions about current threats to public space. In another foray into motivation and vision, RealTime presents a substantial interview with Phillip Keir, founder of the Keir Choreographic Award and an artist who turned to publishing the Australian Rolling Stone magazine for 20 years before returning to the arts as a benefactor. Also in this edition, Philip Brophy takes glorious exception to Lady Gaga’s 'tribute' to David Bowie at the 2016 Grammys. Keith & Virginia
The promotional image heading this week’s E-dition is from Amrita Hepi (Bundjalung NSW/Ngapuhi NZ) and Jahra Wasasala’s (NZ) Passing, a collaboration in hip hop and contemporary dance with costumes styled by installation artist Honey Long. Passing “maps two bodies under pressure from the responsibility that comes from being of mixed cultural background,” and is one of a number of works in 2016 Next Wave featuring Indigenous artists in a program rich in diverse forms and invention.
Come with us. Follow this train track deep into a world at once familiar but rendered anew by leading Australian video artist Daniel Crooks in his new work, the installation Phantom Ride. The artist has generously prepared a selection of excerpts for RealTime readers around Australia and beyond—just enough in which to immerse yourself, and if you’re in Melbourne, to take you to ACMI where the work is showing. Also this week, our final reports from the Adelaide Festival, focused on adventurous music and provocative dance, and Melbourne’s Festival of Live Art in which remarkably diverse works co-inhabit the ‘live art’ realm, some perhaps contestably, but all revealing the increasing number of ways artists are engaging with audiences. On the Gold Coast video works by performance art duo Clark Beaumont comprise an immersive installation and, on the south-eastern NSW coast, participants of differing abilities have collaborated to realise Hyperreal Tales, a five-screen video installation that reflects their lives and dreams. We’re taking an Easter break and will be back with you on 6 April, ready, with an election likely looming, to take the Abbott-Turnbull Government to task for its destructive mishandling and manipulation of the arts and artists’ lives. Make sure you read the ArtsPeak letter sent to Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull this week.
In these un-nuanced times, we desperately need to pay attention to the lives of others or submit to our undoing at the hands of heartless neo-liberals, wildcard demagogues and more and more dictators. There’s a lot, explicitly and implicitly, about empathy in this edition, about going beyond sympathy to understanding. It’s explicit in works like A Mile in My Shoes at the empathy-themed Perth International Arts Festival. Sometimes we need to be displaced or disoriented to come to understanding: No Guts, No Heart, No Glory places its audience in a Perth gym to hear British Muslim women boxers tell how the sport gives them strength and meaning. In Romaine Moreton and Alana Valentine’s One Billion Beats, our understanding of an individual Aboriginal life is radically juxtaposed with excerpts from 100 years of Australian film and 150 years and more of pseudo-science that have long crippled our sense of empathy. There’s much more in this edition about art that encourages our attentiveness to each other, the world and, not least, how we react to an astonishing variety of art experiences in a time of great mutability.
This week we go regional, to Albury’s wonderful, new media rich MAMA and to a new work featuring Circa inspired by a Wollongong undergoing transformation. We guide you through the dance-led performance terrain of the 20th Biennale of Sydney, applaud musician Adam Simmons’ fusion of durational performance and research, query the high standing of Sue Brooks’ Looking for Grace, and feel the power of Romeo Castelluci’s Go Down, Moses in Ben Brooker’s report from the Adelaide Festival. Can Malcolm Turnbull do a David Cameron and seize the upper and lower houses of Parliament, even if he has to conduct a double dissolution to pull it off? What he might not anticipate is the steadily accumulating anger of artists, many already cheated of their futures by the George Brandis funding heist and Mitch Fifield’s favouring, with the plunder, of a commercial business in the first Catalyst round. The first challenge of the year to this policy-free disgrace has come from ANU’s Sasha Grishin and, rightly, is directed at the Prime Minister. It’s just the beginning.
Listen up! In a world of encroaching noise, of forest felling, the grind of failed mining ventures, of wars and demagoguery, sound art can take us into places of mindful attentiveness to the environment. Sound artist Philip Samartzis heads this E-dition with his engrossing account of a visit to Antarctica. You can hear some of the sounds he recorded. We’ve also provided links to other polar artistic ventures, should you feel tempted to explore. Sounds are precious, especially those of challenged environments; but so are instruments with which humans make sound, not least a generation of analogue synthesisers. Rapid technological progress constantly banishes equipment to the rubbish tip and diminishes the arts archive by leaving many works unplayable. However, sound artists Robin Fox and Byron J Scullin are keeping a huge collection of such machines alive and available, preserving the past and opening up sonic possibilities for the future of Australian art.
Seeking depth? Come with us into Spanish-Australian artist Dani Marti’s visceral exploration of objects and bodies; South African artist William Kentridge’s collaged excavation of Modernism’s big hits; Montreal choreographer Daniel Léveillé’s dig into the histories and possibilities of the dance duet; Charlie Kaufman’s in-depth animated account of a failure to sustain intimacy; and works in the PuSh Festival that demand and reward deep attentiveness. Images and video links, with which you can gain some further sense of these works, accompany a number of our writers’ evocative reports. Dig in. Virginia & Keith
Get knotted! And enjoy it in the hands-on bondage performance of BUNNY. Or immerse yourself in the luscious entwinings of Dani Marti’s art at the Perth International Arts Festival. Or, yell it at the Australian Government for their cruel mishandling of the refugee crisis, the non-debate they’ve engineered on tax reform and Arts Minister Mitch Fifield’s Catalyst outcomes, revealed to be nothing more than the kind of work the Australia Council already funds.
RT Profiler 5
If Winter is getting you down, the waft of jasmine and arts festivals in the air should remind you Spring is on its way. In Profiler 5 we get the run down on both the Melbourne and Darwin Festivals from their dynamic directors and so much more.
realtime traveller: glasgow, scotland, uk
robert walton
"I cringe at using “cultural” as Scotland is so caught up in its own distinctiveness from England and its proud history (and there’s lots to be proud of) that everything can become a little tartan-tinted. But Glasgow bucks that trend by looking outward and is genuinely awash with contemporary, vivid and living culture."
realtime traveller: glasgow, scotland, uk
robert walton
"I cringe at using “cultural” as Scotland is so caught up in its own distinctiveness from England and its proud history (and there’s lots to be proud of) that everything can become a little tartan-tinted. But Glasgow bucks that trend by looking outward and is genuinely awash with contemporary, vivid and living culture."
realtime traveller
dan edwards, beijing, china
… Beijing’s real pleasures lie behind the façade of its overbearing government buildings and public monuments, tucked away in the narrow alleys (hutong) of the old city and in hard to find corners. Here a rich culture plays out beneath the city’s surface, trying its best to avoid the watchful eye of the authorities… | |||||||
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MERCHANTS’ MAGAZINE AND COMMERCIAL REVIEW. M A R C H , 1 858. Art. I.— DEBTS AND FINANCES DF THE STATES OF THE UNION. ■WITH REFERENCE TO THEIR GENERAL CONDITION AND PROSPERITY. N FM B E E X. THE W ESTERN STATES— ILLINOIS, ( 2 d a e t i c l e .) [We dow resume the publication of a series of papers, under the same general title prefixed to the present article, written expressly for the Merchants’ Maga zine, by T homas P rentice K ettell, Esq., of New York, now and for several years editor of the U. S. Economist, previously of the Democratic Renew, etc., whose ability, industry, and research, are fully evinced by these and other con tributions to the history of the finances of the United States. As we have here tofore stated, these articles contain the most comprehensive and reliable account of the debts, finances, and resources of the several States, that have ever been collected in a connected and convenient form, and are most valuable for reference, present and future. The first was of an introductory and general character, and related chiefly to the State debts of Europe and America, but also presented particular statistics of the debts of Great Britain, Prance, and the Federal Gov ernment of the United States. The second commenced the account of the in debted States respectively. For convenience of reference, we give the subjoined index to the series, showing the volumes, pages, etc., in which each previous number was published:— Nos. i State debts of Europe and America........... 2. New England States, Maine, and M ass.. . , 3. Middle States, New York............................. 4. “ Pennsylvania......................... . . 5. “ Maryland.............................. 6. Western States, Indiana............................. . “ O hio................................... 7. 8. “ Michigan............................ 9. “ Illinois................................ Volume. XX. Pages. 466-480 677-687 243-256 256-269 481-493 148-163 389-410 181-146 659-671 Number of. Nov., 1847 Dec., 1847 Mar., 1848 Mar., 1849 May, 1849 Aug., 1849 Oct., 1849 Feb., 1850 Dec., 1852 276 Debts and Finances o f the States o f the Union. It will be noticed that the present article and the last in the above list are alike devoted to the State of Illinois. However, the paper now published chiefly consists of statistics of recent years, and hence not embraced in the preceding paper; and whatever portion of the history of the State is reproduced we deem desirable to a satisfactory view of the subject. We would also refer those who may wish to consult our other articles on State debts to the number of the Merchants' Magazine of May, 1857, Vol. xxxvii., pp. 531-517, in which we published the most recent financial accounts of seventeen States, with lists of references to all our previous articles in regard to those States. We shall hereafter publish a similar resume of the financial accounts of most of the States made up for the last fiscal year preceding January 1, 1858, with further lists of references.*— E d. M er. M ag.] T he great State of Illinois is one o f the most remarkable in the Union in regard to its financial history, since with great natural resources it has undergone the greatest vicissitudes. Under the influence o f over wrought credit it was brought to insolvency, from which it has vigorously recovered, until it has become one of the most prosperous, if not, in fact, the most prosperous, of the Union in respect of its finances. The soil o f the State is of the most fertile description, and its situation such as a glance at the map demonstrates to be the most favorable to commerce. It is, as it were, the counterpart of New York, since, like it, it abuts on the great lakes on one side, while on the other it is watered by the largest rivers. In size, Illinois ranks as one of the largest States of the Union, having an area of 55,410 square miles, or 35,462,389 acres. The general disposition of this land by the Federal Government has been as follows :— .................acres 1,001,795 9,060,330 48,989 2,560 311,484 1,833,413 590,915 2,595,000 20,317,903 Area....................... School donations., Military services.. Indian reserves. . . Government seats. Private claims, &c. Swamp lands___ Canal grant, <fcc.... Central Railroad.. Sold....................... Total acres............................................................................. 35,462,389 35,462,389 In 1810, Illinois had a population o f 12,282 souls, of which a number were French settlers on the rich soil of the Illinois River valley. In 1814, the sales of land under the General Government commenced, and they had been annually as follows, do.wn to the close of the last fiscal year:— ACRES LAND SOLD ANNUALLY IN ILLINOIS. ’1R14 1815.............. 1 8 1 6 ............. . . 18 17.............. 1818.............. 1819.............. 1820.............. Acres sold. 119,631 104,255 ^83,908 177,721 220,449 69,027 13,138 Pop’n. 12,282 55,211 Acres sold. 1821........... 1822.............. 1823............. 1824.............. 1825............. 1826.............. 1827.............. 27,264 59,826 41,329 * 81,389 * Governors and other officials of several of the States arc very prompt in forwarding to ua copies of their public documents. We trust that those from whom wo have not recently received such publications, will furnish them to us at an early day.— Editor Merchants’ Magazine. 277 Illinois. Acres sold. 18 28........... 1829........... 1830........... 1831........... 1832........... 1833........... 1834........... 1835........... 18 36........... 18 37........... 1838........... 1839........... 1840........... 1841........... 1842........... 209,892 157,441 256,331 3,088,511 700,691 1,127,403 388,233 298,276 Acres sold. Pop’n. 476,183 1 8 4 3 ........... 18 44........... 1845........... 1846........... 1 8 4 7 ........... 18 48........... 1849........... 1850........... 18 51........... 1852........... 1853........... 18 54........... 1855 ......... 1 8 5 6 ........... 1857........... .. 486,997 481,105 460,967 506,802 899,730 201,000 106,012 233,107 1,279,085 1,098,909 432,925 118,000 165,713 Pop'n. 851,470 1,300,251 The last sale of land was in December, 1856, at the Danville district, 18.000 acres, closing the interest of the Federal Government. The first sales were mostly on the streams and shores, and were but moderate in amount up to 1830, but were then largely developed under the speculations of succeeding years, until the great revulsion of 1837. The efforts then made at reviving the public works and the growing im migration from Europe, sustained the demand for lands until nearly all those available in the hands o f the Federal Government were sold. In 1850, the government still held about 11,000,000 acres of superior lands, which were situated in the interior o f the State, but unavailable because not commanded by any water courses. A t that time it made a grant of 2.595.000 acres to the State of Illinois, to assist in building the Central Railroad. The State made over the grant to a company which under took and completed this work, the effect of which has been to enable the government to sell all its remaining lands in the State o f Illinois, and develop a high degree of prosperity in that region. The State of Illinois, as we have said, is bounded on the northeast by Lake Michigan, on the shore of which is situated the growing city of Chicago. A t one hundred miles distant, in a westerly direction, the Illinois River becomes navigable, and, draining a most fertile region, pours into the Mississippi above the Ohio River, forming an outlet for produce to the ocean via New Orleans. The State of New York, in 1822, conceived the plan of connecting Lake Erie, 350 miles, with the Hudson River by canal, and the situation of Illinois obviously prompted a similar undertaking. Hence, as early as 1823, a board o f commissioners was ap pointed to explore the route, and estimate the cost o f the Illinois and Michigan Canal, 100 miles long. At that time the population of the State was less than 100,000, mostlv without other connection with markets than via New Orleans; with so little resource, therefore, but little was done until the general speculative action in lands commenced in 1830. In 1829, Congres had granted 500,000 acres o f land in aid of the work, the whole cost of which was then estimated at $8,654,337. The work progressed, and there was realized from the land sales up to 1836, $1,395,911, at which time 270.000 acres remained on hand. A t that time, under the spur o f specu lation, which pervaded the whole Union, Illinois embarked largely in banks and internal improvements. It issued $3,000,000 o f bonds for the capital o f banks, the State Bank of Illinois and the Illinois Bank at Shawueetown. It also issued $10,250,000 of bonds for a grand railroad system, of which the Central Road was to divide the State longitudinally, 278 Debts and Finances o f the States o f the Union. and others, to cross the State east and west. The general speculation in lands received a new impulse from these loans and the prospect o f the expenditure which they would involve. The banks largely expanded their loans, mostly in discounts to produce speculators. The State ne gotiated its bonds at great disadvantage, mostly through the United States Bank, in exchange for its notes, and through agents, who failed in debt to it. The chief works undertaken by the State, were the canal, esti mated to cost $8,654,337; the Central Railroad, estimated to cost $3,500,000; the Southern Cross Road, estimated at $1,750,000; the Alton and Terre Haute Road, $1,250,000 ; the Northern Cross, $1,850,000; and the Warsaw and Bloomington Road, $1,050,000. The expenditure on these works, with the $2,000,000 subscription to the State Bank of Illinois, and $1,400,000 to the Illinois Bank o f Shawneetown, formed a State debt of $11,600,000, at the time the great revulsion overtook the commercial world, leaving the State in a deplorable condition. The population was than under 500,000; the public works were all stopped in an unfinished state; the annual expenditure upon them had been one source of prosperity to the people, aided by the operations o f the two great banks, whose movement had been as follow s:— Capital. 1835 1836 1837 1838 1839 ................................. ................................. ....................................... ....................................... ...................................... $228,789 1,904,550 2,371,840 5,179,200 5,435,050 Loans. Specie. Circulat’n. $313,902 2,308,102 4,047,509 4,624,371 6,046,015 $243,223 550,660 708,815 765,418 989,172 $178,810 653,651 1,869,117 2,072,050 3,729,513 The large loans o f these banks had been to a great extent to specu lators in produce, who could not pay, and the banks finally wound up with total loss of capital, leaving the State without currency, as without means o f moving produce to market. The government was without revenue, and the Governor, in his message, called attention to the fact, that there was not sufficient means at the command o f the executive to procure letters from the Post office, or hold evening sessions of the Legis lature. In July, 1841, the State o f Illinois stopped payment on the interest on her public debt. In that year the whole State revenue had been $103,065, and the expenses $179,807 ; for eight years the revenue had been $739,304, and the expenses $1,016,281— excess o f expenses $276,977. The State had emitted various species o f paper which had become much depreciated, and which, being receivable for public dues, deprived it of all available means. The amount of debt reported by the Governor was, in 1844, as follow s:— Canal debt, principal....................................................... “ interest............................................................... $4,741,788 1,148,581 ----------------------------------------- $5,890,364 Internal improvement, including bank deb t..................... 6,712,866 “ “ “ “ interest.. 1,837,151 ---------------------------------------8,550,011 Total debt......................................................... $14,440,381 The canal resources were as follow s:— Amount expended upon the canal, 1836 to 1844, $5,039,284. The canal property was valued as follow s:— 279 Illinois. 230,476 acres of canal land valued $10 per acre ................... 370 lots in Chicago...................................................... valued at 679 “ Lockport........................................................................ 914 “ Ottawa.......................................................................... 1,628 “ L a S a lle......................... 491 “ Joliet and Du Page..................................................... Coal beds and stone quarries....................................................... $2,304,670 350,000 300,000 350,000 500,000 300,000 100,000 $5,204,670 It was estimated that $1,600,000 would complete the canal on what was called the “ shallow cut.” It was proposed to put those lands and the entire canal into the hands o f trustees who should borrow on the whole, as security, the sum needful to complete the work. When that should have been accomplished, to sell the lands necessarily enhanced in value by its operation, and pay— 1st. The prin cipal of that debt and interest until fully paid ; 2d. The interest of bonds held by those who subscribed to the new loans; ^3d. Annual payments upon the interest of bonds held by non-subscribers to the new loan ; 4th. After the interest of all the bonds shall have been paid, to pay dividends upon the principal o f the bonds held by subscribers to loan. When that payment shall have been completed the trust terminates. Without going here into the detail of the movement, we may state that it was success fully carried out, the work completed, and the lands gradually sold, pro ducing a result contained in the following extract from the report o f the trustees, January, 1858. The following table contains a classified schedule o f the entire amount received and expended by the Board of Trustees from the date of the trust in June, 1845, to November 30, 1857 :— Classification. Receipts. $1,569,828 00 2,232 00 3,889,449 83 Expenditure*. 3 00 101,026 08 $2,156,975 1,429,606 89,221 2,142,288 278,357 648,046 62,056 48,568 232,182 11,116 75 21 62 09 04 53 97 32 49 51 T o ta ls ....-.................................................... $7,198,304 79 Aggregate receipts, 1845 to 1857......................................................... “ expenditures........................................ ......................... Balance to credit of fund, November 30th, 1857 ............................. $7,063,369 $7,178,304 7,168,369 109,935 53 79 53 26 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Loan of $1,600,000, principal and interest.. Construction canal and feeders................... Canal lands, sales, protection, <tc................ Interest on registered bonds and scrip...... Principal on registered bonds and scrip ... Maintenance and repairs of canal.............. Tolls, collection, inspection, <fec ................. Canal damages, fiowage, <fcc....................... General expenses and contingencies......... Interest and exchange................................. 7,863 75 1,608,000 88 This is an admirable result. There remains unsold o f the lands 54,573 acres, and 965 town lots. Thus the estimated value o f the lands has been more than attained. The canal has been finished; the “ new loan” is paid off, principal and interest; interest on registered bonds and scrip paid up to the extent of $2,142,288, and $278,357 o f the principal dis charged. The mode o f selling the lands is one-fourth cash, and the balance in three equal annual instalments. There is due o f these instalments $252,195, and the trustees estimate that they will pay this year $350,000 on the principal of the registered bonds. This branch of the State debt has been thus disposed o.f. The financial evils which the State had suffered produced political action upon the State 280 Debts and Finances o f the States o f the Union. Constitution. Accordingly, a new Constitution o f tlie State, which was adopted by the people in 1848, the fifteenth article o f which provides that there shall he annually levied and collected a tax o f two mills, which tax so collected, shall, annually, on the first day of January of each year, be paid pro rata upon the principal of such o f the bonds of the State, other than canal bonds, which shall be presented on that day for the pur pose. In addition a tax of 1J- mills was levied to pay the interest on the public debt. The operation of the 2 mill tax has been very successful. In 1849, it reached $210,805; in 1850, $241,100 ; and in 1851,1275,637. In the last three years the amount of bonds presented, January 1st, and the amount paid from the 2 mill tax, has been as follows:— January, 1856 “ 1857 “ 1858 Bonds pres’d. Paid from 2 mill tax. $1,800,000 1,269,423 1,176,420 $480,000 623,000 629,480 Thus, the amount presented declines, while the fund increases. Many holders have manifested a disinclination to receive this dividend upon the principal. Some for the reason that it makes each bond fractional, and some because they believe the securities will be ultimately paid in full, with full interest, and that consequently they are a good investment, and they prefer to hold them for full payment at maturity. Thus, those two branches of debt have been provided for— the canal debt by the operation of that work, and the improvement debt by the operation of the 2 mill tax for principal, and the mill tax for interest. The State had, besides the canal lands, 252,000 acres, derived from the Federal Government for other purposes, and had also the Springfield and Meredosia Railroad in operation 56 miles. It had also the partly con structed Central Railroad, running from Cairo, the confluence of the Ohio and Mississippi, north 50 miles to Centralia, where it forks, one branch running thence easterly to Chicago, and the other continuing north to Dunleitb, on the Mississippi. In this work the State had expended $3,000,000 for construction when it failed. The rich lauds in the interior o f the State were not readily purchased because they weie not accessible to market. The United States government held 11,000,000 acres in that region which had vainly sought buyers during 20 years. To make that land available the railroad was indispensable. The land districts of Illi nois, through which the Central Road runs, had all been surveyed and been under proclamation an average of 15 years, some o f the land 30 years— that is to say, in all that time any o f the land could have been entered at the government minimum price of $1 25 per acre. The fol lowing quantities in each district, within five miles o f the Central Road, were without buyers :— Kaskaskia, not sold, over 30 years on m arket................. acres Shawneetown, “ 30 years on market........................... Vandalia, “ 25 years on market........................... Danville, “ 19 years on market Dixon, “ 11 years on market........................... 23,681 401,873 344,672 372,702 465,948 Total...............average 15 years on market................... acres 1,608,876 Now, of what benefit was this wild land that had been seeking a market , for over fifteen years, average, without takers, to the government, the State, or the people ? If the Federal Government could not sell it, how could the 281 Illinois. State sell it ? Squatters would not go into it because, even with the prospect of a pre-emption law in their favor, the lands were so secluded from market that there was but little prospectof meeting ultimate payments. The Federal Government had granted at different times to 13 Western and Southwestern States 12,061,000 acres of the land situated within their respective borders, for purposes of internal improvement; and as far as those lands were available, they have been sold and appropriated to important works. In pursuance of this general policy, the government granted to Alabama, to Michigan, and to Illinois, land equal to about 3,240 acres per mile, for tbe construction of the railroad through Illinois to Mobile. This grant was made to the States respectively. Our former article on the debt and finances o f Illinois embraced a synopsis of the act making this grant, which was approved September 30, 1850. See Merchants' Magazine, of December, 1852, vol. xxvii., pp. 665-6. It is very clear that if this land, which had so long been valueless, should become the means of selling the remainder, it would be well be stowed. The Government gave up one-half to make the other valuable. The State could not build the road itself. It had tried once, and failed. But it was of great importance to the State that the lands should pass into the hands of settlers and become taxable. Accordingly, the State passed, February 10th, 1851, a law, o f which a full synopsis was given in the Merchants' Magazine of December, 1852, vol. xxvii., pp. 666-7. On the 22d of March, 1851, the company, by its president, accepted the act. On the same day the Treasurer of the State of Illinois signed a receipt for $200,000 in specie. On the 24th of March the Governor exe cuted the deed of “ all the lands granted by the Goverment of the United States to the State of Illinois; also, the lot o f ground obtained by the State of Illinois within the city Cairo, for a depot; also, the right of way, grading, embankments, excavations, survey, work, materials, profiles, plates, and papers, in anywise appertaining to said railroad and branches.” On the day of the execution o f this deed, the company, by its presi dent, executed a deed of trust to Morris Ketehum, John Moore, and Samuel D. Lockwood, o f the above property, and in addition, the roads that may be built to secure the objects mentioned in section fifteen of the act of the State of Illinois. Congress having donated six sections, o f 640 acres each, on each side of the road,-it follows that the grant is 3,840 acres per mile. The final location of the road determined its length at 676 miles, consequently the aggregate grant is 2,505,800 acres. For that land, patents were issued from the Land-office to the company, and under the trust, these lands were appropriated, and classed, as follows, to secure construction bonds :— $ 6 ..................... 10..................... 15..................... 2 5 ..................... 82,406,000 12,000,000 4.500,n00 2,500,000 2,000,000 acres, to secure construction bonds...................... 250.000 “ in aid of interest fund, at $10..................... 845.000 “ contingent fund, at 10..................... $21,400,000 2,500,000 8,450,000 2,595,000 acres, average present value................................ $27,350,000 400.000 acres, inferior farm lands, at 1,200,000 “ good “ at 300.000 “ superior “ at 100.000 “ town sites, coal beds, &c., at The amount o f construction bonds issued, not over $17,000,000, and 282 Debts and Finances o f the States o f the Union. the works erected by their expenditure, are additional security for their payment. The 2,000,000 acres of land being devoted to the payment of the prin cipal of the bonds, the interest is secured by 250,000 acres set apart for that purpose, the net income o f the road, and the capital stock, since it was estimated that the 817,000,000 o f bonds would suffice to construct the road, and there remained 345,000 acres at the disposal of the company. The provisions of the charter were complied with, and on the finishing o f the first 50 miles o f road, the 8200,000 was returned to the company. The capital of the company was fixed at 817,000,000— 177,000 shares of $100 each ; on this was assessed the 8200,000 deposited with the State Treasurer. O f the whole number of shares there had been issued np to March, 1857, 140,347; on the most of which, 840 per share has been assessed. It was then proposed to increase the number of shares to 255,000, making the nominal capital 825,000,000. The new shares were distributed among the old stockholders. The unissued shares of the capital stock, 29,653, were held to cover optional rights to subscribe conferred upon takers of the free land loan. The bonds issued by the company, on security of the 2,000,000 acres and the road itself, were made payable in 1875; of the whole issue (817,000,000) 84,115,000 b e a r six per cent interest, and $12,885,000 bear seven per cent interest. The amount realized for these, was 814,798,944 ; the company retains 8026,500 on hand. On the expenditure of these bonds, the company made anew loan of 83,000,000 secured upon the unappropriated 345,000 acres, as above. These bonds issued at seventy, realized * 2,079,876 61. The whole issues of the com pany stood, March 1st, 1857, as follows ILLINOIS CENTRAL RAILROAD TO MARCH. Debtor. Permanentexpendit’res. Interest account............. Interest fund................... Total............................. 1857. Creditor. 821,447,949 47 Capital stock...................... $3,258,615 00 1,623,587 61 Constr’n b’ds,($16,373,500) 14,798,944 81 28,852 60 Free land b’ds,($3.000,000) 2,079,876 61 Opt’i. rg’t. scrip. ($872,000) 826,673 75 2,136,229 51 $23,100,389 68 Net floating liabilities.. . . Total............................... $23,100,339 68 The lands held by the trustees for the principal of the construction bonds, for the interest o f the bonds, and for the free land bonds, are sold monthly to actual settlers at a price of 86 a 830 per acre, according to location. On the purchase of the land, the buyer receives a contract for a deed, and pays two years’ interest on the amount at three per cent per annum cash. The principal is paid in four annual instalments. The first two years from the date of his contract, to each annual payment is added one year's interest in advance on the balance of payments. It is agreed, also, that at least one-tenth of the purchase shall be fenced and cultivated each year, so that one-half shall be improved when the last note is due. Thus, if 160 acres are purchased, at an average of 810, the whole pay ments in six years amount to $1,792. On the completion of the last payment, one-half the land being under cultivation, the buyer receives a full deed o f the land from the trustees, who are bound to appropriate the proceeds of payments, each year, to the cancelment of the bonds. The sales have been rapid up to January, 1857. They were as follows :— 283 Illinois. Total principal. Total acres sold. 659,136 09 acres coustruct'n. Ids. fo r .. 153,300 91 “ interest fund “ . . 152,774 01 “ free “ .. $6,846,896 79 879,991 50 1,998,845 04 Cash on principal. Interest received. $11,288 62 $321,360 21 491,926 55 13,812 83 9,329 10 87,531 62 Total865,211 01 acres sold for Add total of town lots sold for $9,725,733 33 $512,544 17 $422,694 66 58,660 55 24,254 31 1,904 27 Grand total of all sales to Jan., 1857......... $9,784,393 88 $536,798 48 $424,598 93 Notes received. Total of all sales. $7,173,611 06 415,175 59 2,127,581 77 $7,506,249 79 920,914 97 2,224,442 49 Total 865,211 01 acres sold for Add total of town lots sold for $9,716,368 42 35,462 58 $10,651,607 25 61,621 16 Grand total of all sales to Jan., 1857 ............... $9,751,831 00 $10,713,228 41 659,136 09 acres construction lands fo r .. 153,300 91 “ interest fund “ 152,774 01 “ free “ The average of sales, per acre, up to January, 1850, were $9 78 ; in the year 1856, $13 52 per acre, and there remained on hand 1,7/9,789 acres, January, 1857, which, at the same valuation, are worth $22,000,000, making $33,000,000 realized from the lands. It is to be observed that some $2,000,000 of bonds have been actually canceled from the cash payments— the first notes not having yet matured. This mode of selling lands, not only places the company in funds to make annual purchases of bonds, but by settling the lands it furnishes freight and traffic to the road. The lands of the company lie along its route 700 miles through one of the richest countries in the world. Its position, being soutli of Michigan and Wisconsin, insures to it a better and softer climate, of which the farmer feels practically the benefit, in shortening by a month the season for fod dering cattle, and in the security of the corn crops from those frosts, which, borne on the winds that sweep the lakes, so often ‘‘ kill o u t” the harvests of the Northern States. The broad and rich prairie lands afford advantages which the settlers in the wooded districts of other States do not appreciate, and which, indeed, are not brought out fully without the operation of internal works of improvement, which supply all that nature lias withheld. It is seldom that any spot of land contains all the gifts of Providence. It is there that she has spread, as a lawn, the richest lands, charged with more fuel and water than almost any other section. Her streams flow gently through the rich alluvion, and Mr. Charles Lyell states:— “ There is more good bituminous coal in Illinois than in England, and it is far more easily mined and laid out ready for transit than there.” There is an absence of timber, which has been considered by immigrants a drawback. Experience has, however, shown the contrary. Those who have settled the timbered lands o f Ohio and Pennsylvania, can testify to the weary life-time o f labor required to clear those tracts of stumps, and to wrench from the frowning forest the breadth o f a good farm for culti vation. From this it will be observed that timber is the great nuisance upon fresh land, beyond what is wanted for posts, rails, and buildings. Now, all the head waters of the Mississippi and the Missouri command limitless timber lands. From the falls of St. Anthony alone, more timber can be 284 Debts and Finances o f the States o f the Union. delivered than would supply an empire. That timber rafted to Cairo, will supply— over tne great Central Road, which, running north one hun dred and seventeen miles, then forks, and traverses the whole State in two lines, in a convenient form, all the wants of the farmer, far cheaper than they could cut it themselves, without leaving a stump in their way. The same railroad which brings their timber carries away their produce. Those lands owned by the company, and all selected from the best in the State for farming purposes, are equal, in extent, to the whole State o f Connecticut, and are hourly improving, in value, through the increasing population in a juvenile State, where the only land now in first hands, is that held by the company. Each new settler not only pays more than the face of the bonds on taking possession, but he commences an operation which insures to the road business for all future time. The inexhaustible supplies of coal not only insure to the company the cheapest fuel for working their engines, a number of which, driven by coal, being already in operation, but ensures an ample supply of fuel through the whole region. Under these circumstances, it is certain that one-half the com pany lands being sold for a sum equal to three-fourths the whole cost of the work, the remaining portion in view o f the daily enhancing value of land in that region, will amply meet the remaining acquirements. Thus, the cost of the road, as above, was $23,100,339. The sales o f lands to September 1st, 1857, were as follow s:— To January, 1857...................... January to September, 1857... Total.............. On hand, September 1st. Total..................................... 865,211 acres for 256,629 “ $10,713,228 3,674,491 1,131,840 1,463,160 estimate $14,387,719 $18,400,000 2,595,090 $32,787,719 This gives a value of nine millions more than the cost of the road. The great prosperity with which the State of Illinois has been endowed, from the operation o f the canal and the Central Railroad, has been enhanc ed by the other railroads in operation in the State, reacts reciprocally upon the works which had produced it, and at this moment the demand for land in that region is very active. The population of the interior has increased at a very rapid rate along the line of the railroads. Thus, that of the thirteen counties through which the Galena and Chicago Railroad runs due west, was as follows :— 1840, 46,992; in 1850, 178,417; in 1855, 297,974— that is to say, one-fourth o f the whole increase in the one hundred counties o f the State, during five years, was in these thirteen counties. The Central Railroad has been operating less than two years, yet the concentration of population upon its line is greater than the large one indicated above. If wo take six counties on the Chicago branch, in the heart of the State, we may ob serve the increase:— POPULATION OF SIX INTERNAL COUNTIES. 1X40. 1845. 1850. M’Lean.......................................... De Witt........................................ Macon........................................... Platt............................................. Champaign................................... Livingston.................................... 6,565 3,247 8,039 none 1,475 759 6,904 3,316 2,729 1,037 2,041 1,000 10,163 5,002 3,988 1,606 2,649 1,552 19,578 8,508 8,865 3,053 6,666 4,606 T o ta ls .................................. 15,085 17,217 24,960 50,976 1855. 285 Illinois. Thus the population in those counties has more than doubled in the last five years, and has only within a short time had an outlet to market over the Central Railroad, and this outlet is all that is required. Fuel, brick, clay, and limestone, abound in all the region, and the railroad, as it were, puts those necessaries into circulation. It follows that land has rapidly risen in those counties. The progress o f the State, may, in some degree, be illustrated as follows :— Population. 1840........................... 1845........................... 18 50............. ............ 1855........................... Miles of railroad. 56 56 2,761 Taxable property. $69,841,419 82,327,105 105,432,752 334,398,425 Thus, since the failure of the State in 1840, its population has tripled— it has acquired 2,700 miles o f railroad which cost $81,000,000, of capital brought into the State from Europe and the Eastern States, while its assessed property has increased fivd times its value, and its debt greatly diminished. Although its old chartered banks went out of existence in the collapse of 1839—40, the state adopted a general banking law similar to that of the State of New York, under which its banking operation has progressed as follows:— No. b’ks. Capital. Loans. Stocks. Specie. 1 8 5 1 .. . none ...................................................... $419,371 1 8 5 3 .. . 23 $1,702,456 $386,404 $1,780,617 759,474 1 8 5 6 .. . 363,840,946337,675 3,777,676 1 8 5 8 .. . 45 6,098,152 7,573,547 6,895,974 676,117 Circulation. Deposits. $1,351,780 3,420,985 1,146,682 $522,476 1,267,230 1,146,682 It will be observed that these are mostly banks of circulation, whose notes are secured by the deposit o f State stocks, of which the following were the character, January 1st, 1858 :— ILLINOIS BANKING BASIS— JANUARY, 1858. Character of securities. Missouri State 6s....................... Virginia State 6s....................... Louisiana State 6s..................... Tennessee State 6s.................... South Carolina State 6s........... South Carolina 6s....................... Georgia State 6s......................... Ohio State 6 s............................. Kentucky State 6s.................... Illinois State 6s......................... Illinois non-interest................... Amount. 13,817,0110 720.000 369.000 511.000 248.000 100.000 86,500 179,281 3.000 623,007 323,236 Value. 80 83 83 84 89 100 100 102 100 95 75 $6,895,974 Total...................................................... Total circulation outstanding January 1st, 1858... Excess of securities over circulation.................................................. To which should be added the semi-annual interest on the Missouri bonds, retained by the auditor............................................................... Making total excess o f securities. Equal to. $3,051,600 641,620 303,780 429,244 220,720 100,000 86,600 183,815 19,000 591,857 242,427 $5,867,591 5,835,574 $31,945 114,510 $146,455 The amount of circulation delivered to the banks, in return for the se curities lodged, does not represent the amount in the hands of the pub lic, since the bdnks cannot always keep out the whole amount. It is to 28(5 M on ey and Banking. be observed that Illinios banks are mostly those o f circulation. The capital-is entirely invested in stocks, which are pledged with the State officer for circulating notes. These notes are loaned in various ways. The revenue o f the State o f Illinois being now abundant for all its wants, its lands in process o f rapid settlement, having a good provision o f railroads, and its debt diminishing under the operation o f adequate funds, its future is one o f bright promise, and the public works within its borders will partake in its growing prosperity. Art. 11.— MONEY AND BANKING* To F k e e m a n H unt , Editor o f the Merchants' Magazine : — D ear S ir :— It is sometimes refreshing and satisfactory, for the pioneer o f a reformatory movement, to look back and to count the steps that he has gained, in the slow, but onward progress of his cause. Most reforms move slowly at first, but if they are founded in truth, their final triumph is certain. It is now nearly five years since I had the honor to contribute an article, relating to this subject, to the Merchants' Magazine, but since that time it has been discussed from every point by many able and in telligent writers, so “ that he that runs may read.” It is true, none have advocated exactly the same doctrines as myself, but still progress has been made, in the acknowledgement, by more than one writer, of the important principle of depredation ; the marvel is, that its tendency and effect had never before been perceived. The currency is now no longer a mystery, but a matter that all may understand who will take the trouble to read the Merchants' Magazine. I have been led into these desultory remarks from a casual glance over your pages upon this subject, since I last wrote ; congratulating myself, as a party concerned in.the warfare, upon the per ceptible progress we have made. I must now attend to the subject, and shall endeavor to discuss some points which may have escaped the notice of others. The credit and banking system, within the last few years, has been spreading all over Europe— France, Russia, and Germany; and, in fact, every other country has been extending its trading and monetary institu tions. The late crisis has consequently been more extensive and severe than usual, and its circling wave may be longer before it reaches its final destination. England appears to have suffered as much, or more, than any other nation, notwithstanding the bank monopoly and the large amount of specie in her currency. The evil lies in the unlimited increase o f money, and can never be eradicated under the present system of cur rency. It matters little whether the increase be in gold or in paper. In the case o f England the limited amount o f paper in her currency did not save her from difficult}^ The deposit system, which like the issue of bank notes, operates to pile debt upon debt, with every new loan increasing prices, and, o f course, expelling the precious metals by depreciation; leaving nothing behind but a stupendous mass o f obligations that can * Previous articles will be found in vol. 29, page 577; vol. 81, page 188; vol. 83, page 541; vol. 34, page 185. M oney and Banking. 287 never be discharged, but at last topples down, overwhelming alike the reckless and prudent, the honest and dishonest, in one common ruin. .And yet, notwithstanding, it is said that some o f the English banks that have done an extensive business upon deposits are prosperous; but that remains to be seen. The Western Bank o f Scotland had only seven millions of deposits, and she has sunk to rise no more, and many others of less note will be found in the same category. Some of them had sus tained no run, but have fallen from their own insanity— the inconverti bility of their own and customers’ investments, or in other words, the im possibility of obtaining the same amount in cash for them, which had been paid in credit. Thus, the system defeats itself—swallows up prin ciple and interest, and causes just the same kind of evils as an unlimited issue of paper— stops the wheels o f honest industry, produces frauds, bubble companies, and accommodation paper, and every other meanness that combined selfishness and necessity can descend to. Therefore, whether we look at the banking system politically or morally we see nothing but ev il; even the small savings of the working classes are evaporated, if I may be allowed the term, and made into an engine o f general oppression. All deposits should be made for safe keeping, and should be paid fo r if necessary, but never re-issued, as no profits can be derived from deprecia tion. Therefore, there can be no doubt that money is but “ dead capital,” and the less society uses of it the better. O f course, like all other com modities there must be a convenient quantity, but when that is obtained its increase should not go beyond the rate of increase o f other capital— bank facilities and gold getting in an opulent and industrious country are only sources of derangement, debt, and poverty. Dr. Smith was perfectly correct when he said, “ the cheapness of gold and silver discourages both the agriculture and manufactures of Spain and Portugal,” but he did not very plainly show' the mode of operation. The Dr. admits depreciation of the precious metals in this instance, though he denies it in others, but thinks it was caused by their exportation being taxed or prohibited. In this he was evidently wrong, as he was in some other instances. Prohibi tion would no doubt make exportation difficult, and cause greater fluctua tion in prices, which is always a source of evil; but the true cause o f depreciation was the natural and necessary law of redundancy. "Whenever this happens the article must depreciate in relative value, that is, measured by other things. Thus, Spain would do as we have done for the last nine years, she would sell her agricultural and manufacturing produce at the price of gold they would command in- other countries, while she would buy at the depreciated price whatever she imported. Therefore, the gold exported from Spain “ would be presented to the rest o f the world gratuitously,” and the maintainance o f the labor o f gold digging would rest as a tax, to be paid by the Spanish community. This state o f things, as has been intimated, is exactly what our statistics will prove that we have been doing for the last nine years. The price o f imports has in creased nearly one hundred and fifty per cent, while the price of exports has increased less than one hundred and twenty-five, showing a balance of twenty-five per cent against us in the nine years, which either is, or has to be, paid in specie or bullion. But, sir, we have been seriously and deliberately told that the precious metals will not depreciate. In other words, “ it is nut possible for them to become superabundant,” “ that the melting-pot of the goldsmith, or subjection to the gold-beater’s hammer, I 288 M oney and Banking. is the ultimate destination o f the whole o f the vast products of Siberia, California, and Australia.” Now, from what we have said it will be per ceived that we cannot adopt this opinion, but we have other reasons be sides those already stated. W e have perceived that the faster money in creases the scarcer and dearer it becomes, with respect to its use as money. As a proof o f this, we may state, if such proof be required, that the jointstock banks have had a meeting in London since the panic, at which a resolution was passed to reduce the interest on deposits to six per cent. How high it has been is not exactly stated. What chance has “ the melting-pot and the gold-beater’s hammer” under these circumstances ? One thing is certain, that they have not had a relative chance according to the production of gold, either here or in England. Cortes and Pizarro would never have found such heaps of gold and silver ornaments which stimulated the avarice of the Spaniards in Mexico and Peru, if either country had had a currency of the precious metals. And yet it is said they were both in the most prosperous condition— abounding in wealth of all descriptions— the one with a consumable commodity for a currency, and the other without any. The development o f commerce had not pro duced this social evil o f a fixed standard o f value, which has always been a source of demoralization and oppression among European* nations. But to return. Mr Carey found it equally difficult to maintain the defunct doctrines of the balance o f trade and the principle o f protection, if he were to admit the general depreciation o f the precious metals, as Dr. Smith did to up hold his doctrine of the beneficial effects of the issues o f bank paper, if he had to make the same admission. The Dr. says upon this subject, “ the increase of paper money, it has been said, by augmenting the quantity, and consequently diminishing the value, of the whole currency, necessarily augments the money price o f commodities.” But he thought this was not the case, because when there was very little else than paper money in Scotland, the prices of provisions bore about the same proportion to those of England as before the multiplication of banking companies. But he admitted that when “ Mr. Hume published his Political Discourses, soon after the great multiplication o f paper money in Scotland, there was a very sensible rise in the price of provisions, owing probably,” as he said, “ to the badness o f the seasons, and not to the multiplication of paper money.” He also had to admit in another place, that if more money were forced into the channels o f circulation than was sufficient to keep prices at their natural level it must overflow, and “ would be sent abroad in order to seek that profitable employment which it could not find at home.” Dr. Smith, like Mr. Carey, seems to have forgotten, or not to have noticed, that the only way in which the surplus would be sent abroad was by in creasing the price of imports relatively more than the price of exports. To such straits are the learned sometimes driven to uphold a fallacious doc trine. But Mr. Carey, as I have intimated above, attempts to revive the old doctrine of protection as a remedy for present financial evils, but it has been so thoroughly exploded years ago that there is hardly sufficient excuse for saying a word upon the subject. W e will, however, sav in * The kings o f France and of England, from the time o f Edward I , were in the habit o f depreCiatinff the value of their coins, by alloy and otherwise. Henry V I I , following the example o f his predecessors, reduced his coin considerably, and enacted a law making it death to refuse it, and his son, Hom y VIII., improved upon his father’s policy. Money and Banking. 289 passings that if a tariff were enacted sufficiently high to stop the entrance for a time of foreign goods, the price o f those goods would inevitably rise high enough to pay the duty and the usual p rice; then the stream would flow over the dam-head as before, but consumption would diminish to the extent of the tax, as all taxes must be paid by the consumer; and the general rate of profit upon capital would decrease, while under ordinary circumstances we should import a certain quantity of the precious metals from other countries, sufficient to be employed in the difference of price caused by the increased tax. Therefore, the prices of our imports would be increased and the prices of our exports decreased, and the foreign merchant and manufacturer would obtain the same amount o f profit as before, lacking that of the decreased consumption; and that is the only way in which the foreigner would be affected. Under present circum stances we might retain some of the gold we shall export, instead of im porting the amount from any other source. Other moral evils might ac crue; but by no possibility could the protected country be benefited. The argument may be put into a nutshell— no country can gain by producing that for which other countries have superior facilities. And it is both useless and ridiculous to group mere contemporary facts together, having no necessary relation, and ringing changes continually upon the words value, utility, and price, as no three words can be more distinct in meaning. It will deceive no one having any pretentions to science. But to return to our subject. The charter o f the Bank o f France has lately been ex tended for another thirty years, its capital doubled, and other objection able privileges granted. Ten years ago it was not allowed to issue notes o f a less denomination than five hundred francs, but under the new charter this privilege extends as low as fifty francs, and I am not quite sure that it is not twenty-five. Louis Napoleon, like the British government, in the case of the Bank of England, pockets the proceeds, but like the Regent o f Royal Bank celebrity, he may awake some fine morning and find his money turned to rags—-finance will be found less plastic than politics. Foreseeing these difficulties, a French journalist lately proposed a banking alliance, to lessen, if possible, the intensity of any monetary crisis which might happen. He proposed that the leading banks o f Europe should begin by taking each other’s paper and advising upon financial difficulties, but it seems he did not offer the right hand of fellowship to the American banks. In this he was mean and uncharitable, and showed the narrowness of his views— otherwise the scheme was worthy o f John Law himself; but its explosion would certainly have rung the death knell of banking on that side the Atlantic. The national banks and some others of note may weaken the storm o f the present crisis, but how long they will escape the inevitable fate of all banks is only a question o f time. The Bank of France has been shinning along for the last two years, some times in a desperate condition, and she will hardly be more stable under her new responsibilities and privileges. But to come nearer home. Our banking system, notwithstanding all the care and ingenuity dis played in its construction by the currency doctors, has again arrived at the condition of confessed and absolute inconvertibility. Within the last ten years banks have doubled in number, and still vve see notices o f new applications for charters. Every means have been used to push out their paper and to obtain deposits to re-issue, until they had not five per cent of specie upon the average to meet their liabilities. Suspension, thereVOL. x x x v i i i .— n o . in . 19 290 M oney and Banking. fore, was the only remedy, and the people took it very kindly— as a mere matter of course— not only so, but vigilance committees in a great many instances, said to be voluntary, undertook to protect the banks from outside intruders, who might be so unreasonable as to expect them to pay specie for their notes. It is pretty well understoood that fifty per cent will never be realized upon Western debts, and what would have been the consequence if suspension had not taken place we can only imagine. Some public writers, however, have said, in comparison with England, that our banking system is the sounder o f the two, but this we cannot allow, for notwithstanding, England may have suffered more from failures at present, if we had been obliged to come down to specie prices, no doubt, but seventy-five per cent o f our debts must have remained unpaid, and what will yet be done in this respect must depend upon circumstances over which we can have no control— the operation o f the crisis in other countries. Therefore, under all circumstances suspension was the only means of comparative safety, as the banks and the community were both embarked in one boat; but are we to be doomed continually to stand upon the brink of a commercial volcano, the explosion of which at any moment may be occasioned by the failure of a bubble company, the loss of a ship, or the failure of a crop ? It is time that these questions were gravely considered. W e have more than doubled our currency within the last ten years, consequently our capital and business transactions have also nominally doubled! Dr. M’Cay, o f South Carolina College, in a very able article, in this Magazine, December, 1856, satisfactorily proved that prices up to that period had increased from thirty-five to forty per cent since we had been receiving supplies o f gold from California; but our currency increased considerably after that, and his calculation also was extremely moderate. And yet in the same number o f years, accord ing to the last census, our domestic products had only increased at the utmost possible calculation, twenty per cent. Thus, we have created within the last ten years a surplus currency o f eighty per cent, that is, eighty per cent beyond the probable increase of other capital. But other countries had also been engaged in the same profitless operation as our selves, and to the same extent, or the re-action must have come much earlier. Now, the question naturally arises, who has been benefited by this unnecessary addition to the currency, which must have made every individual poorer, excepting one class— the money makers. Yes, the bankers and .the gold-getters have pocketed the whole of this increase, abstracted from the rate of profit upon capital engaged in other pursuits. But lest this statement should not convey an adequate idea o f the magni tude of the evil, or of the amount o f taxation we have suffered, we will take the liberty of extending our observations a little further. The bank ing deposits have increased, within the time specified, at least one hun dred and fifty per cent, discounts and loans have also more than doubled, therefore, at a moderate calculation, we may say that the currency has increased four hundred millions of dollars. W e may talk of the Missis sippi Scheme and South Sea Bubble, but where shall we find another such gratuitous transfer of property? If the system could possibly continue the banks would absorb all the circulating capital o f the country, in fact, there seems to be no apparent reason why they should not, in time, swallow up the whole, except the necessary wages and taxes. W e have Spain for an example— there is only one alternative— annihilate the present monetary M oney and Banking. 291 system, or it will annihilate the State. W e have always been taught that natural debts were an unmitigated evil, and it has hitherto been the pride of the American system to eschew them ; but what difference is there whether the debt be a public one or a private one? W e have now about twelve hundred millions o f commercial debt, seven owing to the banks, and about four-and-a-half to foreigners, besides private debts incal culable. This is a national debt without a question, which will not be paid off for the present. It is a fallacy to assume that we have grown so extremely rich within the last few years as taxable statistics have made us, while the statistics of the census shows that production has compara tively decreased. If we only multiply by two for the next ten years, as we have done for the past, our riches will, o f course, increase in the same ratio, counted in paper dollars. Thus, the whole is a gigantic humbug, and yet no one is to blame. The people, in their ignorance, under blind political and economical leaders, have politely given the bankers and gGld-getters leave to pick their pockets, under the idea that they (them selves) should be benefited. The impetus given to the increase of money, by the discoveries of gold all over the world, has introduced a new era in finance, which must evoke new principles. The Bank of England has found herself checkmated by the joint-stock banks, notwithstanding her monopoly, and was only saved from suspension by the interference o f the government, and yet there seems to be no complaints of imprudence in her management. How long the manufacturers o f Great Britain will be enabled to compete with those of other countries under these new cir cumstances remains to be seen. There is one thing in their favor, how ever— other countries are smitten with the same virulent disease— that of money making. Joint-stock companies, as before stated, have been formed, and are forming, all over Europe, even in Turkey. The Em peror of France has decided to push gold-getting on the Senegal, so that he will not be behind his English neighbors in making money and sup porting the bank. The production o f gold fofr the last year is set down at two hundred millions of dollars, and, therefore, at a moderate calculation the amountof gold thrown upon the markets of the world for the next decade, will ex ceed two thousand millions. It has also been stated by a legislative com mittee in South Australia that the auriferous soils o f that region cannot be exhausted in two thousand years. What then will be the consequence of pursuing our present system with regard to money ? In passing further over these circumstances it is hardly necessary to say that the cause of the “ flight of the precious metals to the East,” about which we have lately heard such lugubrious lamentations, is sufficiently explained— money, like water, will find the level, and the more there is poured into the reservoir, the more it will spread over the surface, until the stream be stopped at its fountain. W e have now slightly reviewed some o f the causes of the crisis, and of the evils which a continuance in our present course will occasion, and have only to offer the remedy recommended in former articles; that is, to force the withdrawal o f bank notes gradually, abolish the standard o f value, and in the meantime, issue as many treasury notes as can be conveniently employed in the operation of government and the domestic exchanges. Under these circumstances the currency could never be increased beyond the rate of increase of other capital; and when the increased volume of commerce and taxation required an increase 292 Garblings: or Commercial Commodities Characterized. o f treasury notes, the government could reduce so much o f taxes and issue the required quantity of notes, which would be so much saved to the people. A ll governments could do the same, and adopt the dollar as a mere unit of accounts, without a fixed amount of gold or silver attached, and all trading transactions would then he balanced by gold and silver paid according to weight and price, the same as all other commodities. Banks would then be unnecessary. I remain, dear sir, yours truly, E. SUIXF.Y. Art. III.— GARBLINGS: OR, COMMERCIAL COMMODITIES CHARACTERIZED. NUM BER ALC O H O LIC V n .* j LIQUORS. W INE---- (CONCLUDED.) M IX T U R E S — A D U L T B R A T IO N 8 — P A T E N T -O F F I C E D IR E C T IO N S — L I Q U O R D E A L E R S ’ G U I D E — C O U N T E R F E IT S — C I D E R — A L C O H O L — P E R C E N T O F A L C O H O L IN D IF F E R E N T W I N E S — D E T E C T IO N O F C O U N T E R F E IT S .— S U G A R A N D M OLASSES— P E R C E N T O F 8 U G A R IN D IF F E R E N T W IN K S — C R E A M OF T A R T A R — T A R T A R IC A C ID — T A N N I N .— C O L O R I N G M A T T E R S — J E R U P IG A — P O K E -B E R R I E S — R E D P O P P I E S — P R I V E T -B K R R I E S — M Y R T L E - B E R R I E S — E L D E R - B E R R I E S — B R A Z I L - W O O D - I N D I A - W O O D - T E S T F O R C O L O R IN G A D U L T E R A T I O N S .— L E A D — C O P P E R — Z IN C — A L U M — C O P P E R A S — P O T A 8 8 A — S O D A — L I M E — P L A S T E R O F P A R I S — P L A S T E R A G E O F W I N E S — S U L P H U R IC A C I D , E T C ., W I T H T H E I R T E S T *— C O N S T I T U T I O N A L E F F E C T S . Mixtures.— According to the laws o f France, which country has paid more attention to this subject than all the world besides, a wine which re sults from the mixture o f other pure wine is not an adulteration. That good wine may result from the mixture o f a strong wine with weak ; one that is light with one that has more b od y ; one that is tart with one that is rich and sweet; one that is wanting in coloring matter with one that has too much, and so on. It was the primitive practice for manufacturers to mix the different va rieties of grapes and must before fermentation, in order to produce a par ticular quality of wine; and in the production of the best wines this practice still holds. It, however, requires a great degree of experience to successfully practice the process. The best unmixed wine made in the United States is made in the county of Los Angelos, California. The vine was introduced into that county about a century and a half ago, by cuttings from Madeira, and the flavor of the grape, and aroma o f the wine produced from it, are both maintained in the highest degree. It therefore requires no “ pure ju ic e ” of foreign production to give it an acceptable zest. Other species of grape also flourish there, and the soil, climate, and labor, all seem to combine to place it at the head o f our wine-growing districts. ♦For number i , see Merchants’ Magazine for July, 1857, (vol. xxxvii., pp. 19-23;) for number 1!., see same for August, (pp. 166-171;) for number iii., see same for September, (pp. 298-303;) for ■umber iv., see same for November, (pp. 542-654;) for number v., see same for January, 1858, (vol. xxxviii., pp. 48-50; for number vi., see same for February, (pp. 175-183.) Garblings: or, Commercial Commodities Characterized. 298 Other wines, made in the United States, generally have added to them certain proportions o f the qualities they are intended to represent. These may be considered pure mixed wines. Longworth, the great pioneer in American wine-making, has succeeded in producing wine o f undoubted purity, equal to some o f the finest foreign ; but, as a general thing, it has not the flavor o f the chief grape used in its production. Adulteration.— W ine is the product of grape juice only. To manufac ture, or to sell, or to offer for sale, any other substance under the name of wine, is an adulteration. But to such a pass has the adulteration o f liquor come in the United States, that, to mend the condition of deficient must, the addition of certain substances is advocated with the authority o f a State paper! In the Agricultural Report of the Patent-office for 18o6, we are informed that, “ sugar, water, brandy, lime, tar, sweet-scented sub stances, &c., may be introduced to advantage before fermentation, so as to incorporate well that which can never be done after it. That whenever strength is required in wine, the brandy should be put into the must be fore fermentation, with which it is incorporated and modified, the alcohol contained in it being always so chemically combined as to be harmless / ” Now, everybody knows that both grapes and must are subject to certain defects or diseases, which render them unfit for the production of potable wine, and no amount of correctives can make them capable o f producing it. To advocate, therefore, that the conditions of must, necessary for the production of pure wine, can be made up of materials derived from any other material than grape juice, either in its natural or fermented state, is a mischievous tendency to adulteration. The usual results o f defective grapes or must are— 1. Excessive astringency. This is occasioned by an abortive crop, or premature ripening of the grapes, from peculiarity of season. 2. Acidity, which depends upon the greenness of the grapes, or acetous fermentation o f the must or wine. 3. Ropiness or greasiness, which is owing to the deficiency o f tannin. 4. Mustiness, a condition usually derived from the cask, bottle, or cork. 5. Turned, or le poux, a disease by which wine loses its acidity, and changes to a dark color, and sometimes takes on a putrid fermentation. 6. Bitterness. This condition sometimes takes place without known cause, in wine made o f must possessing all the requisite qualities; in which case it usually ceases after a short time, and after a new fermenta tion the quality of the wine is re-established. I. Excess or absence of color, either of which may result from the same causes as astringency or acidity. Other changes of less moment may take place from a variety o f causes. Wine, in any of these conditions, is generally susceptible of the acetous fermentation, by which it can be converted into vinegar. The distribution o f wines made of diseased grapes, or from must o f bad quality, or wine in a diseased condition from whatever cause, whether “ correctives ” have been applied or not, is a vile disregard o f public health, and should be placed on the same footing as the distribution o f other stale and diseased provisions; and the advocacy o f their use is a reproach to the true state of agricultural progress in the United States. One of the prime objects o f the Patent-office reports should be the dis couragement of adulteration under whatever phase. But in the one above referred to, that which of all others it is most difficult to detect, is incul 294 Garblings : or, Commercial Commodities Characterized. cated and taught as a species of laudable ingenuity. It is the legitimate forerunner o f the “ Bordeaux Wine and Liquor Dealers’ Guide : a Treatise on the Manufacture and Adulteration o f Liquors, by a Practical Liquor Manufacturer,” lately “ published for the author” in N e w York, which purports to be the “ result o f many years' practice o f an entirely new sys tem of manufacturing and adulterating liquors!” Experienced adulteraters and counterfeiters generally base their opera tions upon certain known qualities which pertain to the substance to be imitated. • Water, alcohol, extractive matter, bitartrate o f potassa, and inorganic mineral salts, are essential principles to all wines. Whatever may be the other qualities, these principles at least must be present, and it is by vary ing their proportions, and adding other things, that the different varieties o f wine are counterfeited. It is by the variable proportions of the ele mentary principles that different qualities o f wine are distinguished, and as these principles are all miscible with, as well as constituents of, wine in every proportion, it is manifest that o f all substances added to wine, they are the most difficult of detection. Counterfeit wines.— For this purpose cider is generally used. Perry, which has similar properties, is sometimes substituted. According to the “ Wine and Liquor Dealers’ Guide,” cider, prepared as a basis for every variety of wine, consists of— cider, forty gallons; pure spirits, under proof, three gallons ; sugar or syrup, three pounds; and of crude tartar, half a pound. These should be well stirred together in a full cask, which should be left with the bung open, and exposed to the necessary degree of temperature to produce fermentation ; after which it is racked off, fined, &c., and kept for use. Thus prepared, and mixed with water, sugar, honey, tartaric acid, lemon juice, cream of tartar, almond oil, fresh grape juice, wine, alcohol, and yeast, it is used for imitating al most every variety o f wine in commerce. The finest imitation of Cham pagne is said to be made of equal parts of native Catawba and prepared cider, with a little water, lemon juice, sugar, and tartaric acid. Cham pagne is also extensively imitated by charging low-priced still wines with carbonic acid. This is done by machinery adapted to the purpose, similar to that used for charging soda water. The prestige of pure native wines, derived from the spotless name of Longworth, has lately received a severe check by the refusal o f certain wine merchants in Cincinnati to have their wines inspected. This cir cumstance is virtual acknowledgement of adulteration; and it is well known that the Cincinnati wine dealers are, to an equal extent, dealers in such crude materials as constitute a well-assorted stock, according to the “ Wine and Liquor Dealers’ Guide.” Alcohol.— The exact amount of alcohol in any given sample o f wine may be ascertained by evaporation into a receiver, and testing the fluid so collected by an alcoholometer, or by the specific-gravity bottle— the chief care in the use of these instruments being a due regard to temper ature, which should be 60° F. The quantity of alcohol by measure in different wines ranges from 23.83 to 6.66 per cent— port being about half as strong as Scotch whisky, and the weak red wines of France about as strong as Scotch ale. The following table shows the proportion of alcohol, by measure, in the chief varieties o f wine:— Garllings; or, Commercial Commodities Characterized. Marsala................... Lissa........................ Raisin....................... Madeira................... Port......................... Teneriffe.................. Cape Madeira......... Constantia.,........... Lachry ma Cbristi. . Vidonia................... Sherry..................... Malaga, old............. Lisbon..................... Carcabello.............. Bucellas................... Cape Muscat.......... Rouissillon.............. Johannisberg........ 15 Malmsey, Madeira.. Malaga, common. . . Sauterne................ Saint-George........... Barsac, 1st growth. Baixas...................... Cbiraz...................... 2S.83 28.37 23.11 20.50 20. 18.20 18.87 18.17 18.12 17.71 17.63 17.42 17.42 17.17 17.01 16.79 16.68 to 16 16. 15. 16. 15. 14.76 14.50 14.27 Syracuse.................. 14.06 Tavel....................... 14. Lunel........................ 13.70 N ice......................... 13.46 Burgundy...............12 to 14 Bordeaux, claret ex. to London.......... 13 to 17 Tent......................... 13. Champagne, still.. . 12.77 A lica n te................. 12.69 Barsac, 2d growth.. 12.65 Vin de g ra v e ......... 12.30 Tinto......................... 12.24 Frontignac............. 11.80 Champagne, sp’kl’g. 1177 Preignac.................. 11.50 Hermitage, red . . . 11.38 Cote R o t ie ............. 11.30 Barsac, 3d growth.. 11.25 V o ln a y ................... 11. Rudenheimer........ 11. Weinheim............... 11. E isler..................... 11. Saint-Christol.......... 11. Pronsac.................... 10.75 293 Hohenheim.............. 10.71 L oiret...................... 10.66 Steinberg, 1st qual. 10.17 Saint-Seurin............ 10.15 Bordeaux, dom’stic.,10 to 11 Saint-Estephe......... 9.75 Margaux.................. 9.75 Chateau Latour.. . . 9.33 Tokay....................... 9.10 Cider, stron g........ 9.10 Chateau-Haut Brion 9. W lesloch................. 9. Sauveterre............. 8.76 Lafitte..................... 8.70 Saint-Lopbes......... 8.50 8.25 Merignac................. Duchatel St. Julien. 8. Saint-Macaire.......... 7.90 Macon, r e d ............. 7.66 Orleans, r e d ........... 7. P e r r y ..................... 6.78 Mead....................... 6.70 Saint-Aignau........ 6.66 Cider, n e w ............. 4. These estimates are deduced from French analyses, and are considerably below those furnished by wines prepared for export, or those generally found in the English and American markets. English port, Madeira, and sherry contain from 21 to 26 per cent of alcohol, and claret from 13 to 17. Other wines for the English market are branched in a proportionate ratio. When brandy or alcohol is added to wine it remains in a free state— does not combine with the other ingredients. To obviate this, it is the custom of adulteraters to excite a new fermentation, in order, as it is supposed, to effect a thorough assimilation. This operation is called “ fretting in.” Various means have been instituted in order to ascertain whether wine contains other water, alcohol, extractive, bitartrate of potassa, and salts, than are natural to the grape; but, as already stated, owing to their va riable proportions, no degree of manipulation, however accurate, can, within certain limits, demonstrate whether these principles are natural to the grape or added by the hand of man. Evaporation, distillation, &c., may, demonstrate the quantity o f any one, or all of them, contained in a given sample, but some of them exist naturally in certain wines in more than four times the quantity that they do in others. It is, nevertheless, wholly impossible to so artificially combine any heterogeneous elements as to make the same substance as that of natural formation. Counterfeit wine having cider or perry for a basis, may be discovered by the quantity o f extract after evaporation. Pure wine contains from 18 to 28 per cent of extract, but cider or perry never less than 30 per cent, and from that up to 37 per cent. Alcohol obtained by the distillation of cider also differs from that of wine. In the former there is a peculiar etherial odor which is never present in the latter. The same may be discovered, by the odor disen gaged, in burning the extract. There is, however, independent of such means, an indubitable resource, 296 Garblings: or, Commercial Commodities Characterzed. in types o f comparison. By having types o f wine of known purity, any suspected sample purporting to be of the same variety, can always be tested. Types of wine for this purpose, should be procured with great care from the original producer, and, when practicable, of the same age and vintage as the suspected sample purports to be. Sugar and molasses.— The quantity o f saccharine matter in wine may be estimated by means o f a saccharometer— the name of a hydrometer, with a scale adapted to the proportion of saccharine matter contained in any solu tion. But first it is necessary to separate the extractive matter ; this may be done by adding a saturated solution o f the acetate o f lead, in the pro portion of one part to eight of the wine to be examined. This precipitates all the extractive except sugar. Then filter the supernatant fluid, and re move the lead from it, as directed, for that substance. The solution may now be tested by the saccharometer, or more certainly by evaporation, by means of which, the exact amount of sugar may be collected and weighed. Its quantity, however, is so variable, that within certain bounds, it is im possible to say whether it is natural or added, excepting by the type o f comparison. In some experiments in England to ascertain the percentage of sugar in different varieties o f wine procured there, Dr. Bence Jones found it to vary, as follows :— Paracrette............................................ Lamas.................................................. Tokay.................................................... Malmsey.............................................. P ort...................... Champagne.......................................... Madeira................................................ Sherry.................................................. 66 16 6 6 4 94 grains o f sugar to the ounce o f wine* 88 “ “ “ “ 74 “ “ “ “ to 66 “ “ “ “ to 34 “ “ “ “ to 28 “ “ “ “ to 20 “ “ “ to 18 In Claret, Burgundy, Rhenish, and Moselle, none could be detected. Cream o f tartar or tartrate o f potassa.— The presence o f cream of tartar is constant in every variety of pure wine ; the amount, however, is extremely variable. It is an addition to all imitations, and therefore the quantity present in any given sample, is of much moment, in order to compare with what is known to exist in a pure type. The best means of ascertaining the amount present is, to take 500 grains by measure o f the wine, evaporate to dryness, and ignite the residue; by this means the cream of tartar is converted into the carbonate of potassa, and the amount can be determined by the reaction o f dilute sulphuric acid of known strength. If, however, the sample has also been adulterated with the carbonates of lime, soda, or potassa, this test is fallacious. And in this event, the tartrate of potassa should be obtained in crystals from an aqueous solution. Tartaric acid.— According to Liebig, the Rhine-wines, when old, fre quently contain this acid in a free state. This, he says, is due to the custom of constantly adding new wine to the tun, in proportion as the old is drawn off. Its effects are to make the wine of more agreeable fla vor, though more injurious in use. It is therefore judicious to destroy this excess, in all cases, when it can be done without injury to the wine by mischievous means; and for this purpose, Liebig advises the use of pure neutral tartrate o f potash. But in very many wines the excess of tartaric acid is so great— doubtless made so by adulteration, in order to Garblings: or, Commercial Commodities Characterized. 29 1 improve the flavor— the quantity o f neutral tartrate required to neu tralize it, results in the formation of an excess of acetate of potash, which being soluble in wine, vitiates the taste. The remedy, therefore, only applies to a natural excess. In other cases, it is an additional adultera tion. The presence of free tartaric acid in wine may be tested by the addi tion of lime water or other alkaline solution, which throws down a white precipitate, which is very soluble in an excess of acid. Free tartaric acid may also be detected, by adding to a solution con taining it, twice as much of a solution of chloride of potassium, saturated at the temperature of 600 F. Stir the mixture with a glass rod for ten minutes, and bitartrate of potassa will be precipitated. If this test be applied to wine containing no excess of acid, it will take several hours to precipitate the natural bitartrate. The amount o f free tartaric acid contained in any sample of wine, may be estimated by the proportion of a test-alkaline solution, which is capa ble of saturating a given quantity o f the wine. And the whole amount of tartaric acid, both free and combined, may be ascertained, first by this process, and afterwards by decomposing the tartrates. In this way any variety of wine may be rendered available for comparison with a type. Tannin.— This is one o f the most important of the elementary con stituents of wine, and absolutely essential to its preservation. Hence it is a common addition to diseased wines and imitations. To ascertain the exact amount in wine, M. Faure has discovered the following simple means, viz.:— that one hundred grains of a solution o f gellatin added to an equal quantity of a watery solution of tannin, is capa ble of precipitating one grain o f tannin. To apply this experiment to wine, it is only necessary to have due regard to its specific gravity. The quan tity obtained should be compared with that o f the type. By imitators, kino, log-wood, rhatany, alum, and oak bark, are some times added in order to give the properties due to tannin. Coloring matter.— The additions to wine, for this purpose, are mostly limited to particular varieties. In the Oporto Company’s district, the most common substance used, is jerupiga. This is a compound made o f unfermented must, brandy, elder-berries, and brown sugar. Poke-berries, red poppies, privet-berries, myrtle-berries, log-wood, Bra zil-wood, and India-wood, are the common ingredients added to different varieties of wine, in order to produce a desired shade of color. By adding a solution of alum and carbonate of potash to wine, if there is a precipitate o f blue, violet, or rose color, artificial coloring may be suspected. A solution of potash added to wine, colored with red poppies, produces a greenish-brown precipitate; privet-berries, produces a violet-brown pre cipitate; myrtle-berries, produces a greyish-blue precipitate; elder berries, produces a violet precipitate; Brazil-wood, produces a violet-grey pre cipitate ; India-wood, produces a rose-colored precipitate. Poke-berry juice cannot be detected by this test. The coloring matter produced by poke-berries so nearly corresponds to that of the natural color of wine, that it is extremely difficult to detect it, by any other means, than by its constitutional effects on those who have been so unfortunate as to make much use of wine containing it. It is violently acrid in its effects, producing headache, purging, and great pros 298 Garblings: or, Commercial Commodities Characterized. tration o f strength ; and if long continued or taken in large quantity, it is an acro-narcotic poison— producing severe vomiting and purging, with great stupefaction. Lead. This substance is added in the form o f litharge, and svgar o f lead, for the purpose o f correcting acidity and giving sweetness. But besides these, it has sometimes found its way into wine by the use of utensils, in the process of manufacture, bottling, &c. Wines containing much of it are generally of light color, and have a sweetish styptic taste. The habitual use o f wine containing lead, though in very small quan tity, produces dyspepsia, excessive lassitude, and melancholly. If persisted in, succeeding this condition frequent fits of colic occur, which are often very obstinate, and sometimes fatal. Next, apoplexy, with or without a peculiar kind of palsy particularly affecting the balls o f the thumbs and the loss of power to extend the fingers, which persists unto death, unless the poison is discontinued. In an English treatise on wine-making, pub lished in 1733, to hinder wine from turning sour, it is recommended to “ pu t a pound o f melted lead into the cask and stop it close." And 11to soften gray wine, put a little vinegar wherein litharge has been well steeped, and boil some honey to draw out the wax. Strain it through a cloth, and put a quart of it into a tierce of wine, and this will mend it.” In Paris, the practice was also so common, that in 1775 an epidemic of lead colic was attributed to wine adulterated with litharge. And in 1837, there was an epidemic o f lead colic among the soldiers at Compiegne, in consequence of the use of wine, which had been sweetened with acetate of lead. In 1853, there was a circumscribed epidemic of lead colic in Paris, which was ascertained to be due to cider clarified with sugar of lead. The easiest way of detecting the presence of lead, is to acidulate a portion of the wine to be examined with muriatic acid, and then pass a current of sulphuretted hydrogen gas through it. If lead be present, there will be a dark-colored precipitate o f sulphuret of lead. Copper. This substance is also introduced sometimes in the process of manufacture; but at others, by the addition o f water or alcohol, which contain some salt of this metal in solution. It is a powerful irritant poison to the human system. Producing at first irritation and inflammation of the lining membrane of the stomach and bowels, ultimately followed by lethargy, convulsions, and death. To discover it in wine, it is necessary to evaporate a certain quantity, and incinerate the residue. Treat the ashes with nitric or nitro-muriatic acid, filter and evaporate. Dissolve the residue o f this in distilled water and test as follows:— Ferrocyanide of potassium produces a brown pre cipitate ; carbonate of potassa a pale-blue precipitate ; sulphurreted hydro gen, a black precipitate, and the arsenite of potassa a grass-green. Zinc sometimes finds its way into wine by the use o f vessels composed of it. It is a less active poison than lead or copper, but it may be sus pected, when wine seems to have the effect of constipating the bowels. For its detection proceed in the same manner as for copper— using as tests, ammonia or potassa, which produce white precipitates. Alum is a frequent adulteration for various purposes. To fix the color, to clarify, to impart keeping qualities for exportation, to give a styptio taste, &c. On adding chloride of barium or the nitrate o f barytes to a wine con Garblings : or, Commercial Commodities Characterized. 299 taining alum, there is an instantaneous white precipitate, which is insoluble in nitric or nitro-muriatic acid. Sulphate o f iron, or copperas, is added to wine for the same purpose as alum, and it may be precipitated by the same means. Its presence is in dicated by a blue color on the addition o f ferrocyanide of potassium. Carbonates o f potassa, soda, and lime, are common additions for the correction of acidity. The saturation of the excessive acidity of wines by these substances converts them into acetates. To demonstrate their pres ence, it is necessary to evaporate the suspected wine to dryness, but with as low a temperature as possible, in order that all the acetic acid may be evolved without decomposing the new ly formed acetates. By treating the residue with sulphuric acid the acetate is decomposed, and the acetic acid set free— it may be collected in a retort. To ascertain which of the corbonates have been employed, dissolve a part o f the extract in distilled water, filter through charcoal so as to deprive it of coloring matter, and add reactives. The acetate of lime is discovered by adding oxalate of ammonia, in a precipitate of oxalate o f lime. If this is not formed, the other acetates may be discovered by again evaporating to dryness, and treating with alcohol, which dissolves the acetates. Alcohol, containing the acetate of lime in solution, on being diluted with water, by tbe addi tion o f oxalate of ammonia, throws down a white precipitate of oxalate of ammonia. But the acetates of soda and potash cannot be absolutely determined without crystalization. On slowly evaporating a colorless solution containing the acetate of potash, irregular lamellated crystals, of a white satiny appearance, are formed. These are o f a strong acid saline taste, and very deliquescent. The acetate of soda is more easily crystalized ; the form of the crystals being complicated in striated needles and oblique rhombic prisms, vari ously modified. It is of a cooling, saline, bitterish taste. It is evident that for the detection of this adulteration, a large quantity of the suspected wine is necessary for the experiment. Sulphate o f lime, or plaster o f Paris. The presence of this substance in wine, has given rise to the appellation o f the plasterage o f wines. It is due to “ a new method of clarifying wines,” as first published in L’Encyclopedie des arts et matiers mecaniques, tom viii., p. 628, 1817. In later editions of this work, the article is expunged. But in 1839, the same process was again published by one Serane, in Montpelier, as a new invention, for which he obtained a patent. In 1854, the prefect of the Department of the Pyrenees-Orientales, stated that the practice was general in that department, excepting in wines which were preserved for domestic use. The same was the case in Herault. When plaster o f Paris is added to wine, it is partially decomposed, by which sulphate of potassa is formed, and held in solution, and tartrate of lime precipitated. It is, therefore, the sulphate o f potassa, which is taken into the system by the use of xvines clarified with sulphate o f lime. The court of Montpelier has decided, that the practice followed and known in the south o f France under the name o f “ Le Plastrage des wins,” does not constitute the crime of falsification of drinks and of mixtures prejudicial to health, in the sense o f the laws of 1851 and 1855. But notwithstanding this decision, an individual has been condemned by the Tribunal Saint-Affrique, for having sold wine thus treated ! The sulphate of potash is comparatively an insoluble salt, requiring six 300 Garblings: or , Commercial Commodities Characterized. teen parts by weight of cold, and five o f hot water, for its solution. Its constitutional effects, in considerable quantity, are permanently laxative, but in the quantity supposed to be taken in wine, which has been clarified with sulphate of lime, there are no traceable effects, which can be said of no other substance used for the same purpose. Sulphuric acid has in some cases been added to wine for the purpose o f re-establishing that which has turned, to mask flatness, or to give sharp ness. Owing to the salts o f wine, sulphuric acid thus added does not remain free, but unites with them to form sulphate o f potassu. To detect it, therefore, it is necessary to have recourse to such reactives as pertain to this latter substance. Such are the chief counterfeits and adulterations, which at present con stitute the wines o f commerce C onstitutional E ffects. In all ages among civilized people, there has existed a remarkable inclination to the use o f wine, while its abuse has been coevally condemned. The variable proportion o f the constituent principles of wine, apparently indicate a want of, uniformity in its constitutional effects. In pure wine, however, there is no individuality o f action of any one of its constituent principles, because each element is so modified in its character by com bination with all the rest, that the effect on the constitution is attributable to the wine integrally, and not to any excess o f any particular principle. Hence the constitutional effects of pure wine may be considered in the aggregate, independent o f such action as shows a preponderance of some particular principle ; this latter condition being generally an evidence of impurity. In all wines alcohol is the predominant principle, yet unless it is free—• that which is added in adulteration— its character is so modified by com bination as to exercise a very different power on the system from what it does when not subject to any such influence. It has already been shown that some o f the strongest wines contain about half as much alcohol as whisky; in other words, that a pint of Madeira or Port is, in alcohol, equal to half a pint o f whisky or gin. Yet everybody knows that they differ much more than this in their effects on the human system. The stimulant qualities of wine are not only less powerful than an equivalent proportion o f alcohol in any other form, but they are much slower of production, and o f much longer duration. Considering this property, and what has already been said o f the extractive and other con stituent principles o f wine, the result o f its habitual use can be easily com prehended, v iz, supernutrition or plethora, which is ordinarily the intro duction to the usual diseases of wine bibbers— apoplexy, gout, gravel, and dropsy. So insidious are the constitutional effects o f wine drinking that most writers on the subject excuse it on the ground of an artificial state o f the sys tem, which either produces a necessity for persisting in its use, or inures the system to any ill-effects from continued indulgence. This apology for wine drinking has slain its thousands, while the propagators of it have failed to apply those principles of nutrition which are apparent to the merest tyro in the laws of health. The first effects manifest in excessive nutrition display an exuberance of health, hence the mistake that the most perfect health is compatible G arllings: or, Commercial Commodities Characterized. SOI with the moderate indulgence in, or habitual use of, wine. But when the supply of nutritive material is habitually abundant, and the functions of the system are stimulated, the usual effect is increase of bulk, especially bo if the habits of exercise are not such as to create an amount o f excre tion proportionate to the inordinate supply o f nutrition. If the excess of supply be only slight or casual, with a proportionate degree of physical exertion, the self-adjusting powers of nature may he equal to the irregularity, and prevent the transition o f healthy into diseased action. But if the excess be great or habitual, the organic functions are over-taxed, and their conservative powers necessarily languish. This con dition is succeeded by such irregularities as display the worst effects of wine drinking, by the development of incurable diseases, which have had their foundation in “ perfect health.” It is obvious, therefore, that the exuberance o f health evinced by the florid countenance and fatness of the wine-bibber, are the suspicious evidences of a constitution taxed to the very highest decree o f forbear ance, which must, in course of time, become relaxed and sink even below the normal standard of resistance. In this vitiated state of the system, constitutional predispositions to disease, both hereditary and acquired, that might otherwise have lain dormant, are frequently roused into the most speedy fatality. That there are some constitutions which appear to be unaffected by the habitual use of wine is no less true than that of any other habit tolerated by the natural powers of endurance. But, as stated in a previous chapter, such habits only serve to demonstrate the capabilities of the human con stitution, and are in no event admisable evidence o f natural adaptation. Under circumstances of extraordinary fatigue and exposure, and in cer tain diseased states o f the system, the tonic effects of wine remarkably display the action here attributed to it. But for healthy persons under ordinary circumstances, observation, experience, and pathology, all go to show that the powers of the human constitution are uniformly weakened by the habitual use o f wine. For occasional use, or adaptation to certain states o f the system when wine m aybe deemed advisable or salutary, it is important to bear in mind some of the differences in the numerous varieties which have been described. In the healthy, they are all least injurious when associated with regular habits o f out-door exercise, and most hurtful to the sedentary and the indolent, and the strong wines more injurious than the weak ones. Sweet wines contain the most extractive, on which account they gen erally disagree with dyspeptics, while the amount of sugar they contain renders them injurious for persons afflicted with urinary diseases. Red wines also contain a good deal of extractive, which, together with the coloring matter, renders them obnoxious to dyspeptics, and others who have delicate stomachs. Acid wanes promote gout and rheumatism, especially so if they have been preceded by the strong wines. Sparkling wines more quickly intoxicate than others of the same rela tive strength. This is owing to the presence o f carbonic acid and the volatile state of the alcohol. They are very apt to bring on a fit o f the gout in persons who are subject to it, and they usually produce indiges tion. Burgundy wines are more heady than other wines, and they produce 302 Coinage o f the Various Countries o f the World. a more powerful impression on the nervous system, on which account they have been supposed to possess some unknown acrid principle. Bordeaux wines are the converse of the Burgundy. They are the least intoxicating of all wines. In other qualities, however, they are very ir regular, sometimes astringent, sometimes laxative, depending upon the mixture which constitutes them. Rhenish wines and Moselle are, in intoxicating effects, similar to Bor deaux, but they frequently contain acid. When pure they are better adapted to certain feverish states of the system than any other. Of strong wines, “ port” abounds in alcohol and astringency, and its habitual use is of all wines most apt to produce gout. It is heavy and indigestible. Sherry is strongly alcoholic, but its non-acidity renders it preferable to all others where a strong wine is indicated. Madeira chiefly differs from sherry in oftentimes being acid, when otherwise, its effects are the same as sherry. Old wines are generally preferable to new, first, because they contain less alcohol; and secondly, because by age they cease to hold in solution bitartrate of potassa, coloring, and extractive matters. In brief, they contain less o f the most injurious principles. It must be evident from the foregoing that the degree of injury to the constitution from the use o f wine depends, in a great measure, upon the quality as well as the quantity used, and also upon constitutional predis position to disease. Generally speaking, however, the first deviations from a healthy standard take place so gradually as to be scarcely perceptable, and when disease is discovered it is apt to be ascribed to “ constitu tional” indisposition. To relieve this, the cravings o f a habit which has now become really constitutional, are interpreted as beneficial, and the accustomed stimulus assumes to be so too, because it appeases the appetite. But preternatural excitement has been kept up so long that the natural powers of the system are now beginning to decline, and unbearable de pression takes the place of normal strength. The organic functions lose their harmony, and now that the disease is incurable, it is ac knowledged. It is in this way that those who have accustomed them selves to the use of wine suffer when they leave it off. As, therefore, persons in perfect health can receive no possible benefit from its use, the insidious advances of a possibly dangerous disease— habitual wine drink ing— are best resisted when wine is wholly excluded. Art. V.— COINAGE OF THE VARIOUS COUNTRIES OF THE AV0RL1). [The Act of Congress, approved February 21,1857, provided that the Annual Report of the Director of the Mint of the United States, should thereafter present the operations of the mint during the fiscal year of the government, (ending June 30th, of each year,) instead of during the calendar year, as had previously been done. The present article consists of a condensation of a part of the report for 1857, (as published in the report of the Secretary of the Treasury on the finances,) which presents accounts of the recent coinage of the different countries of the world, and which were collected by the Director of the Mint, J ames R oss S nowben, under a provision of the act above mentioned, as stated in the first paragraph following.— E d . M er. M ag.] Coinage o f the Various Countries o f the W orld. 303 The third section of the A ct of Congress, approved February 21, 1857, contains the following enactment:— “ That all former acts authorizing the currency of foreign gold or silver coins, and declaring the same a legal tender for debts, are hereby repealed; but it shall be the duty o f the director of the mint to cause assays to be made, from time to time, of such foreign coins as may be known to our commerce, to determine their average weight, fineness, and value, and to embrace in his annual report a statement of the results thereof.” In pursuance of the requirement o f this law, the director of the mint caused assays to he made of such foreign coins as came within the official notice of the mint, or could be procured at the seats o f commerce of the United States, or obtained from other sources. A strict compliance with the law would require but a brief report, as but few foreign coins are now “ known to our commerce,” the course of trade leading the precious metals, especially gold, from the shores of the United States, and scarcely any comes from abroad, except what may be found in the hands o f emigrants and travelers. But the occasion of making the first report under this law is deemed a good opportunity to present to the public, in a reliable and official form, suc | ||||||
10432 | yago | 1 | 60 | https://gahistoricnewspapers.galileo.usg.edu/lccn/sn85034034/1859-09-26/ed-1/seq-2/ | en | 1865, September 26, 1859, Image 2 « Georgia Historic Newspapers | [
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10432 | yago | 0 | 7 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carol_Rosin | en | Carol Rosin | https://en.wikipedia.org/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico | https://en.wikipedia.org/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico | [
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Carol S. Rosin (born March 29, 1944) is an American speaker, author, educator, futurist, and military strategist. She is the Founder of the Institute for Security and Cooperation in Outer Space.[1][self-published source] She was also the first female executive of an aerospace company, working as a corporate manager of Fairchild Industries. She is executive director of the Peace and Emergency Action Coalition for Earth, P.E.A.C.E. Inc., and the I.D.E.A Foundation, as well as a world peace ambassador for the International Association of Educators for World Peace.[2]
Biography
[edit]
Born in Wilmington, Delaware in 1944, she received her Bachelor's of Science degree from the University of Delaware and an honorary doctorate from Archbishop Solomon Gbadebo of the Orthodox College in Nigeria. She was the first woman to work as an Aerospace executive at Fairchild Industries and is a leader and the original political architect in the movement to stop Anti-satellite weapons and the Strategic Defense Initiative.[3]
During her time at Fairchild, Rosin served as the spokesperson for Dr. Wernher Von Braun, with whom she created the film and educational program "It's Your Turn" to expand the diversity of people working in science fields.[4] The program won many awards, including the Aviation Writers Award and the Science Teachers Gold Medal.[2]
Rosin helped create medical and educational training programs with ATS-6 satellites in the United States, including the first two-way audio and visual national and international satellite educational programs in over 20 countries.[4]
Published works and media
[edit]
Start of the Sirius Disclosure Project in 2001 at the National press Club, as witness.
Movies That Shook the World (Documentary) Herself, 2005[5]
UFO: The Greatest Story Ever Denied II - Moon Rising (Video Documentary) Herself, 2009
Sirius (Documentary) Herself, 2013
For the Children (Book, I.D.E.A Foundation for the Benefit of Humanity) Co-Author, 2014 ISBN 9781530161393
The Carol Rosin Show (American Freedom Radio) Host, 2016-[6]
Unacknowledged (Documentary) Herself, 2017
20th Anniversary of the Disclosure Project as herself, 2021
The Cosmic Hoax: An Exposé (Documentary) as herself, 2021 | ||||
10432 | yago | 0 | 94 | https://artinamericaguide.com/listing-category/gallery/ | en | Gallery – Art in America Guide | [
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10432 | yago | 1 | 37 | https://fraser.stlouisfed.org/title/merchants-magazine-commercial-review-5733/march-1858-577185/fulltext | en | Full text of The Merchants' Magazine and Commercial Review : March 1858, Vol. XXXVIII, No. III | [
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MERCHANTS’ MAGAZINE AND COMMERCIAL REVIEW. M A R C H , 1 858. Art. I.— DEBTS AND FINANCES DF THE STATES OF THE UNION. ■WITH REFERENCE TO THEIR GENERAL CONDITION AND PROSPERITY. N FM B E E X. THE W ESTERN STATES— ILLINOIS, ( 2 d a e t i c l e .) [We dow resume the publication of a series of papers, under the same general title prefixed to the present article, written expressly for the Merchants’ Maga zine, by T homas P rentice K ettell, Esq., of New York, now and for several years editor of the U. S. Economist, previously of the Democratic Renew, etc., whose ability, industry, and research, are fully evinced by these and other con tributions to the history of the finances of the United States. As we have here tofore stated, these articles contain the most comprehensive and reliable account of the debts, finances, and resources of the several States, that have ever been collected in a connected and convenient form, and are most valuable for reference, present and future. The first was of an introductory and general character, and related chiefly to the State debts of Europe and America, but also presented particular statistics of the debts of Great Britain, Prance, and the Federal Gov ernment of the United States. The second commenced the account of the in debted States respectively. For convenience of reference, we give the subjoined index to the series, showing the volumes, pages, etc., in which each previous number was published:— Nos. i State debts of Europe and America........... 2. New England States, Maine, and M ass.. . , 3. Middle States, New York............................. 4. “ Pennsylvania......................... . . 5. “ Maryland.............................. 6. Western States, Indiana............................. . “ O hio................................... 7. 8. “ Michigan............................ 9. “ Illinois................................ Volume. XX. Pages. 466-480 677-687 243-256 256-269 481-493 148-163 389-410 181-146 659-671 Number of. Nov., 1847 Dec., 1847 Mar., 1848 Mar., 1849 May, 1849 Aug., 1849 Oct., 1849 Feb., 1850 Dec., 1852 276 Debts and Finances o f the States o f the Union. It will be noticed that the present article and the last in the above list are alike devoted to the State of Illinois. However, the paper now published chiefly consists of statistics of recent years, and hence not embraced in the preceding paper; and whatever portion of the history of the State is reproduced we deem desirable to a satisfactory view of the subject. We would also refer those who may wish to consult our other articles on State debts to the number of the Merchants' Magazine of May, 1857, Vol. xxxvii., pp. 531-517, in which we published the most recent financial accounts of seventeen States, with lists of references to all our previous articles in regard to those States. We shall hereafter publish a similar resume of the financial accounts of most of the States made up for the last fiscal year preceding January 1, 1858, with further lists of references.*— E d. M er. M ag.] T he great State of Illinois is one o f the most remarkable in the Union in regard to its financial history, since with great natural resources it has undergone the greatest vicissitudes. Under the influence o f over wrought credit it was brought to insolvency, from which it has vigorously recovered, until it has become one of the most prosperous, if not, in fact, the most prosperous, of the Union in respect of its finances. The soil o f the State is of the most fertile description, and its situation such as a glance at the map demonstrates to be the most favorable to commerce. It is, as it were, the counterpart of New York, since, like it, it abuts on the great lakes on one side, while on the other it is watered by the largest rivers. In size, Illinois ranks as one of the largest States of the Union, having an area of 55,410 square miles, or 35,462,389 acres. The general disposition of this land by the Federal Government has been as follows :— .................acres 1,001,795 9,060,330 48,989 2,560 311,484 1,833,413 590,915 2,595,000 20,317,903 Area....................... School donations., Military services.. Indian reserves. . . Government seats. Private claims, &c. Swamp lands___ Canal grant, <fcc.... Central Railroad.. Sold....................... Total acres............................................................................. 35,462,389 35,462,389 In 1810, Illinois had a population o f 12,282 souls, of which a number were French settlers on the rich soil of the Illinois River valley. In 1814, the sales of land under the General Government commenced, and they had been annually as follows, do.wn to the close of the last fiscal year:— ACRES LAND SOLD ANNUALLY IN ILLINOIS. ’1R14 1815.............. 1 8 1 6 ............. . . 18 17.............. 1818.............. 1819.............. 1820.............. Acres sold. 119,631 104,255 ^83,908 177,721 220,449 69,027 13,138 Pop’n. 12,282 55,211 Acres sold. 1821........... 1822.............. 1823............. 1824.............. 1825............. 1826.............. 1827.............. 27,264 59,826 41,329 * 81,389 * Governors and other officials of several of the States arc very prompt in forwarding to ua copies of their public documents. We trust that those from whom wo have not recently received such publications, will furnish them to us at an early day.— Editor Merchants’ Magazine. 277 Illinois. Acres sold. 18 28........... 1829........... 1830........... 1831........... 1832........... 1833........... 1834........... 1835........... 18 36........... 18 37........... 1838........... 1839........... 1840........... 1841........... 1842........... 209,892 157,441 256,331 3,088,511 700,691 1,127,403 388,233 298,276 Acres sold. Pop’n. 476,183 1 8 4 3 ........... 18 44........... 1845........... 1846........... 1 8 4 7 ........... 18 48........... 1849........... 1850........... 18 51........... 1852........... 1853........... 18 54........... 1855 ......... 1 8 5 6 ........... 1857........... .. 486,997 481,105 460,967 506,802 899,730 201,000 106,012 233,107 1,279,085 1,098,909 432,925 118,000 165,713 Pop'n. 851,470 1,300,251 The last sale of land was in December, 1856, at the Danville district, 18.000 acres, closing the interest of the Federal Government. The first sales were mostly on the streams and shores, and were but moderate in amount up to 1830, but were then largely developed under the speculations of succeeding years, until the great revulsion of 1837. The efforts then made at reviving the public works and the growing im migration from Europe, sustained the demand for lands until nearly all those available in the hands o f the Federal Government were sold. In 1850, the government still held about 11,000,000 acres of superior lands, which were situated in the interior o f the State, but unavailable because not commanded by any water courses. A t that time it made a grant of 2.595.000 acres to the State of Illinois, to assist in building the Central Railroad. The State made over the grant to a company which under took and completed this work, the effect of which has been to enable the government to sell all its remaining lands in the State o f Illinois, and develop a high degree of prosperity in that region. The State of Illinois, as we have said, is bounded on the northeast by Lake Michigan, on the shore of which is situated the growing city of Chicago. A t one hundred miles distant, in a westerly direction, the Illinois River becomes navigable, and, draining a most fertile region, pours into the Mississippi above the Ohio River, forming an outlet for produce to the ocean via New Orleans. The State of New York, in 1822, conceived the plan of connecting Lake Erie, 350 miles, with the Hudson River by canal, and the situation of Illinois obviously prompted a similar undertaking. Hence, as early as 1823, a board o f commissioners was ap pointed to explore the route, and estimate the cost o f the Illinois and Michigan Canal, 100 miles long. At that time the population of the State was less than 100,000, mostlv without other connection with markets than via New Orleans; with so little resource, therefore, but little was done until the general speculative action in lands commenced in 1830. In 1829, Congres had granted 500,000 acres o f land in aid of the work, the whole cost of which was then estimated at $8,654,337. The work progressed, and there was realized from the land sales up to 1836, $1,395,911, at which time 270.000 acres remained on hand. A t that time, under the spur o f specu lation, which pervaded the whole Union, Illinois embarked largely in banks and internal improvements. It issued $3,000,000 o f bonds for the capital o f banks, the State Bank of Illinois and the Illinois Bank at Shawueetown. It also issued $10,250,000 of bonds for a grand railroad system, of which the Central Road was to divide the State longitudinally, 278 Debts and Finances o f the States o f the Union. and others, to cross the State east and west. The general speculation in lands received a new impulse from these loans and the prospect o f the expenditure which they would involve. The banks largely expanded their loans, mostly in discounts to produce speculators. The State ne gotiated its bonds at great disadvantage, mostly through the United States Bank, in exchange for its notes, and through agents, who failed in debt to it. The chief works undertaken by the State, were the canal, esti mated to cost $8,654,337; the Central Railroad, estimated to cost $3,500,000; the Southern Cross Road, estimated at $1,750,000; the Alton and Terre Haute Road, $1,250,000 ; the Northern Cross, $1,850,000; and the Warsaw and Bloomington Road, $1,050,000. The expenditure on these works, with the $2,000,000 subscription to the State Bank of Illinois, and $1,400,000 to the Illinois Bank o f Shawneetown, formed a State debt of $11,600,000, at the time the great revulsion overtook the commercial world, leaving the State in a deplorable condition. The population was than under 500,000; the public works were all stopped in an unfinished state; the annual expenditure upon them had been one source of prosperity to the people, aided by the operations o f the two great banks, whose movement had been as follow s:— Capital. 1835 1836 1837 1838 1839 ................................. ................................. ....................................... ....................................... ...................................... $228,789 1,904,550 2,371,840 5,179,200 5,435,050 Loans. Specie. Circulat’n. $313,902 2,308,102 4,047,509 4,624,371 6,046,015 $243,223 550,660 708,815 765,418 989,172 $178,810 653,651 1,869,117 2,072,050 3,729,513 The large loans o f these banks had been to a great extent to specu lators in produce, who could not pay, and the banks finally wound up with total loss of capital, leaving the State without currency, as without means o f moving produce to market. The government was without revenue, and the Governor, in his message, called attention to the fact, that there was not sufficient means at the command o f the executive to procure letters from the Post office, or hold evening sessions of the Legis lature. In July, 1841, the State o f Illinois stopped payment on the interest on her public debt. In that year the whole State revenue had been $103,065, and the expenses $179,807 ; for eight years the revenue had been $739,304, and the expenses $1,016,281— excess o f expenses $276,977. The State had emitted various species o f paper which had become much depreciated, and which, being receivable for public dues, deprived it of all available means. The amount of debt reported by the Governor was, in 1844, as follow s:— Canal debt, principal....................................................... “ interest............................................................... $4,741,788 1,148,581 ----------------------------------------- $5,890,364 Internal improvement, including bank deb t..................... 6,712,866 “ “ “ “ interest.. 1,837,151 ---------------------------------------8,550,011 Total debt......................................................... $14,440,381 The canal resources were as follow s:— Amount expended upon the canal, 1836 to 1844, $5,039,284. The canal property was valued as follow s:— 279 Illinois. 230,476 acres of canal land valued $10 per acre ................... 370 lots in Chicago...................................................... valued at 679 “ Lockport........................................................................ 914 “ Ottawa.......................................................................... 1,628 “ L a S a lle......................... 491 “ Joliet and Du Page..................................................... Coal beds and stone quarries....................................................... $2,304,670 350,000 300,000 350,000 500,000 300,000 100,000 $5,204,670 It was estimated that $1,600,000 would complete the canal on what was called the “ shallow cut.” It was proposed to put those lands and the entire canal into the hands o f trustees who should borrow on the whole, as security, the sum needful to complete the work. When that should have been accomplished, to sell the lands necessarily enhanced in value by its operation, and pay— 1st. The prin cipal of that debt and interest until fully paid ; 2d. The interest of bonds held by those who subscribed to the new loans; ^3d. Annual payments upon the interest of bonds held by non-subscribers to the new loan ; 4th. After the interest of all the bonds shall have been paid, to pay dividends upon the principal o f the bonds held by subscribers to loan. When that payment shall have been completed the trust terminates. Without going here into the detail of the movement, we may state that it was success fully carried out, the work completed, and the lands gradually sold, pro ducing a result contained in the following extract from the report o f the trustees, January, 1858. The following table contains a classified schedule o f the entire amount received and expended by the Board of Trustees from the date of the trust in June, 1845, to November 30, 1857 :— Classification. Receipts. $1,569,828 00 2,232 00 3,889,449 83 Expenditure*. 3 00 101,026 08 $2,156,975 1,429,606 89,221 2,142,288 278,357 648,046 62,056 48,568 232,182 11,116 75 21 62 09 04 53 97 32 49 51 T o ta ls ....-.................................................... $7,198,304 79 Aggregate receipts, 1845 to 1857......................................................... “ expenditures........................................ ......................... Balance to credit of fund, November 30th, 1857 ............................. $7,063,369 $7,178,304 7,168,369 109,935 53 79 53 26 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Loan of $1,600,000, principal and interest.. Construction canal and feeders................... Canal lands, sales, protection, <tc................ Interest on registered bonds and scrip...... Principal on registered bonds and scrip ... Maintenance and repairs of canal.............. Tolls, collection, inspection, <fec ................. Canal damages, fiowage, <fcc....................... General expenses and contingencies......... Interest and exchange................................. 7,863 75 1,608,000 88 This is an admirable result. There remains unsold o f the lands 54,573 acres, and 965 town lots. Thus the estimated value o f the lands has been more than attained. The canal has been finished; the “ new loan” is paid off, principal and interest; interest on registered bonds and scrip paid up to the extent of $2,142,288, and $278,357 o f the principal dis charged. The mode o f selling the lands is one-fourth cash, and the balance in three equal annual instalments. There is due o f these instalments $252,195, and the trustees estimate that they will pay this year $350,000 on the principal of the registered bonds. This branch of the State debt has been thus disposed o.f. The financial evils which the State had suffered produced political action upon the State 280 Debts and Finances o f the States o f the Union. Constitution. Accordingly, a new Constitution o f tlie State, which was adopted by the people in 1848, the fifteenth article o f which provides that there shall he annually levied and collected a tax o f two mills, which tax so collected, shall, annually, on the first day of January of each year, be paid pro rata upon the principal of such o f the bonds of the State, other than canal bonds, which shall be presented on that day for the pur pose. In addition a tax of 1J- mills was levied to pay the interest on the public debt. The operation of the 2 mill tax has been very successful. In 1849, it reached $210,805; in 1850, $241,100 ; and in 1851,1275,637. In the last three years the amount of bonds presented, January 1st, and the amount paid from the 2 mill tax, has been as follows:— January, 1856 “ 1857 “ 1858 Bonds pres’d. Paid from 2 mill tax. $1,800,000 1,269,423 1,176,420 $480,000 623,000 629,480 Thus, the amount presented declines, while the fund increases. Many holders have manifested a disinclination to receive this dividend upon the principal. Some for the reason that it makes each bond fractional, and some because they believe the securities will be ultimately paid in full, with full interest, and that consequently they are a good investment, and they prefer to hold them for full payment at maturity. Thus, those two branches of debt have been provided for— the canal debt by the operation of that work, and the improvement debt by the operation of the 2 mill tax for principal, and the mill tax for interest. The State had, besides the canal lands, 252,000 acres, derived from the Federal Government for other purposes, and had also the Springfield and Meredosia Railroad in operation 56 miles. It had also the partly con structed Central Railroad, running from Cairo, the confluence of the Ohio and Mississippi, north 50 miles to Centralia, where it forks, one branch running thence easterly to Chicago, and the other continuing north to Dunleitb, on the Mississippi. In this work the State had expended $3,000,000 for construction when it failed. The rich lauds in the interior o f the State were not readily purchased because they weie not accessible to market. The United States government held 11,000,000 acres in that region which had vainly sought buyers during 20 years. To make that land available the railroad was indispensable. The land districts of Illi nois, through which the Central Road runs, had all been surveyed and been under proclamation an average of 15 years, some o f the land 30 years— that is to say, in all that time any o f the land could have been entered at the government minimum price of $1 25 per acre. The fol lowing quantities in each district, within five miles o f the Central Road, were without buyers :— Kaskaskia, not sold, over 30 years on m arket................. acres Shawneetown, “ 30 years on market........................... Vandalia, “ 25 years on market........................... Danville, “ 19 years on market Dixon, “ 11 years on market........................... 23,681 401,873 344,672 372,702 465,948 Total...............average 15 years on market................... acres 1,608,876 Now, of what benefit was this wild land that had been seeking a market , for over fifteen years, average, without takers, to the government, the State, or the people ? If the Federal Government could not sell it, how could the 281 Illinois. State sell it ? Squatters would not go into it because, even with the prospect of a pre-emption law in their favor, the lands were so secluded from market that there was but little prospectof meeting ultimate payments. The Federal Government had granted at different times to 13 Western and Southwestern States 12,061,000 acres of the land situated within their respective borders, for purposes of internal improvement; and as far as those lands were available, they have been sold and appropriated to important works. In pursuance of this general policy, the government granted to Alabama, to Michigan, and to Illinois, land equal to about 3,240 acres per mile, for tbe construction of the railroad through Illinois to Mobile. This grant was made to the States respectively. Our former article on the debt and finances o f Illinois embraced a synopsis of the act making this grant, which was approved September 30, 1850. See Merchants' Magazine, of December, 1852, vol. xxvii., pp. 665-6. It is very clear that if this land, which had so long been valueless, should become the means of selling the remainder, it would be well be stowed. The Government gave up one-half to make the other valuable. The State could not build the road itself. It had tried once, and failed. But it was of great importance to the State that the lands should pass into the hands of settlers and become taxable. Accordingly, the State passed, February 10th, 1851, a law, o f which a full synopsis was given in the Merchants' Magazine of December, 1852, vol. xxvii., pp. 666-7. On the 22d of March, 1851, the company, by its president, accepted the act. On the same day the Treasurer of the State of Illinois signed a receipt for $200,000 in specie. On the 24th of March the Governor exe cuted the deed of “ all the lands granted by the Goverment of the United States to the State of Illinois; also, the lot o f ground obtained by the State of Illinois within the city Cairo, for a depot; also, the right of way, grading, embankments, excavations, survey, work, materials, profiles, plates, and papers, in anywise appertaining to said railroad and branches.” On the day of the execution o f this deed, the company, by its presi dent, executed a deed of trust to Morris Ketehum, John Moore, and Samuel D. Lockwood, o f the above property, and in addition, the roads that may be built to secure the objects mentioned in section fifteen of the act of the State of Illinois. Congress having donated six sections, o f 640 acres each, on each side of the road,-it follows that the grant is 3,840 acres per mile. The final location of the road determined its length at 676 miles, consequently the aggregate grant is 2,505,800 acres. For that land, patents were issued from the Land-office to the company, and under the trust, these lands were appropriated, and classed, as follows, to secure construction bonds :— $ 6 ..................... 10..................... 15..................... 2 5 ..................... 82,406,000 12,000,000 4.500,n00 2,500,000 2,000,000 acres, to secure construction bonds...................... 250.000 “ in aid of interest fund, at $10..................... 845.000 “ contingent fund, at 10..................... $21,400,000 2,500,000 8,450,000 2,595,000 acres, average present value................................ $27,350,000 400.000 acres, inferior farm lands, at 1,200,000 “ good “ at 300.000 “ superior “ at 100.000 “ town sites, coal beds, &c., at The amount o f construction bonds issued, not over $17,000,000, and 282 Debts and Finances o f the States o f the Union. the works erected by their expenditure, are additional security for their payment. The 2,000,000 acres of land being devoted to the payment of the prin cipal of the bonds, the interest is secured by 250,000 acres set apart for that purpose, the net income o f the road, and the capital stock, since it was estimated that the 817,000,000 o f bonds would suffice to construct the road, and there remained 345,000 acres at the disposal of the company. The provisions of the charter were complied with, and on the finishing o f the first 50 miles o f road, the 8200,000 was returned to the company. The capital of the company was fixed at 817,000,000— 177,000 shares of $100 each ; on this was assessed the 8200,000 deposited with the State Treasurer. O f the whole number of shares there had been issued np to March, 1857, 140,347; on the most of which, 840 per share has been assessed. It was then proposed to increase the number of shares to 255,000, making the nominal capital 825,000,000. The new shares were distributed among the old stockholders. The unissued shares of the capital stock, 29,653, were held to cover optional rights to subscribe conferred upon takers of the free land loan. The bonds issued by the company, on security of the 2,000,000 acres and the road itself, were made payable in 1875; of the whole issue (817,000,000) 84,115,000 b e a r six per cent interest, and $12,885,000 bear seven per cent interest. The amount realized for these, was 814,798,944 ; the company retains 8026,500 on hand. On the expenditure of these bonds, the company made anew loan of 83,000,000 secured upon the unappropriated 345,000 acres, as above. These bonds issued at seventy, realized * 2,079,876 61. The whole issues of the com pany stood, March 1st, 1857, as follows ILLINOIS CENTRAL RAILROAD TO MARCH. Debtor. Permanentexpendit’res. Interest account............. Interest fund................... Total............................. 1857. Creditor. 821,447,949 47 Capital stock...................... $3,258,615 00 1,623,587 61 Constr’n b’ds,($16,373,500) 14,798,944 81 28,852 60 Free land b’ds,($3.000,000) 2,079,876 61 Opt’i. rg’t. scrip. ($872,000) 826,673 75 2,136,229 51 $23,100,389 68 Net floating liabilities.. . . Total............................... $23,100,339 68 The lands held by the trustees for the principal of the construction bonds, for the interest o f the bonds, and for the free land bonds, are sold monthly to actual settlers at a price of 86 a 830 per acre, according to location. On the purchase of the land, the buyer receives a contract for a deed, and pays two years’ interest on the amount at three per cent per annum cash. The principal is paid in four annual instalments. The first two years from the date of his contract, to each annual payment is added one year's interest in advance on the balance of payments. It is agreed, also, that at least one-tenth of the purchase shall be fenced and cultivated each year, so that one-half shall be improved when the last note is due. Thus, if 160 acres are purchased, at an average of 810, the whole pay ments in six years amount to $1,792. On the completion of the last payment, one-half the land being under cultivation, the buyer receives a full deed o f the land from the trustees, who are bound to appropriate the proceeds of payments, each year, to the cancelment of the bonds. The sales have been rapid up to January, 1857. They were as follows :— 283 Illinois. Total principal. Total acres sold. 659,136 09 acres coustruct'n. Ids. fo r .. 153,300 91 “ interest fund “ . . 152,774 01 “ free “ .. $6,846,896 79 879,991 50 1,998,845 04 Cash on principal. Interest received. $11,288 62 $321,360 21 491,926 55 13,812 83 9,329 10 87,531 62 Total865,211 01 acres sold for Add total of town lots sold for $9,725,733 33 $512,544 17 $422,694 66 58,660 55 24,254 31 1,904 27 Grand total of all sales to Jan., 1857......... $9,784,393 88 $536,798 48 $424,598 93 Notes received. Total of all sales. $7,173,611 06 415,175 59 2,127,581 77 $7,506,249 79 920,914 97 2,224,442 49 Total 865,211 01 acres sold for Add total of town lots sold for $9,716,368 42 35,462 58 $10,651,607 25 61,621 16 Grand total of all sales to Jan., 1857 ............... $9,751,831 00 $10,713,228 41 659,136 09 acres construction lands fo r .. 153,300 91 “ interest fund “ 152,774 01 “ free “ The average of sales, per acre, up to January, 1850, were $9 78 ; in the year 1856, $13 52 per acre, and there remained on hand 1,7/9,789 acres, January, 1857, which, at the same valuation, are worth $22,000,000, making $33,000,000 realized from the lands. It is to be observed that some $2,000,000 of bonds have been actually canceled from the cash payments— the first notes not having yet matured. This mode of selling lands, not only places the company in funds to make annual purchases of bonds, but by settling the lands it furnishes freight and traffic to the road. The lands of the company lie along its route 700 miles through one of the richest countries in the world. Its position, being soutli of Michigan and Wisconsin, insures to it a better and softer climate, of which the farmer feels practically the benefit, in shortening by a month the season for fod dering cattle, and in the security of the corn crops from those frosts, which, borne on the winds that sweep the lakes, so often ‘‘ kill o u t” the harvests of the Northern States. The broad and rich prairie lands afford advantages which the settlers in the wooded districts of other States do not appreciate, and which, indeed, are not brought out fully without the operation of internal works of improvement, which supply all that nature lias withheld. It is seldom that any spot of land contains all the gifts of Providence. It is there that she has spread, as a lawn, the richest lands, charged with more fuel and water than almost any other section. Her streams flow gently through the rich alluvion, and Mr. Charles Lyell states:— “ There is more good bituminous coal in Illinois than in England, and it is far more easily mined and laid out ready for transit than there.” There is an absence of timber, which has been considered by immigrants a drawback. Experience has, however, shown the contrary. Those who have settled the timbered lands o f Ohio and Pennsylvania, can testify to the weary life-time o f labor required to clear those tracts of stumps, and to wrench from the frowning forest the breadth o f a good farm for culti vation. From this it will be observed that timber is the great nuisance upon fresh land, beyond what is wanted for posts, rails, and buildings. Now, all the head waters of the Mississippi and the Missouri command limitless timber lands. From the falls of St. Anthony alone, more timber can be 284 Debts and Finances o f the States o f the Union. delivered than would supply an empire. That timber rafted to Cairo, will supply— over tne great Central Road, which, running north one hun dred and seventeen miles, then forks, and traverses the whole State in two lines, in a convenient form, all the wants of the farmer, far cheaper than they could cut it themselves, without leaving a stump in their way. The same railroad which brings their timber carries away their produce. Those lands owned by the company, and all selected from the best in the State for farming purposes, are equal, in extent, to the whole State o f Connecticut, and are hourly improving, in value, through the increasing population in a juvenile State, where the only land now in first hands, is that held by the company. Each new settler not only pays more than the face of the bonds on taking possession, but he commences an operation which insures to the road business for all future time. The inexhaustible supplies of coal not only insure to the company the cheapest fuel for working their engines, a number of which, driven by coal, being already in operation, but ensures an ample supply of fuel through the whole region. Under these circumstances, it is certain that one-half the com pany lands being sold for a sum equal to three-fourths the whole cost of the work, the remaining portion in view o f the daily enhancing value of land in that region, will amply meet the remaining acquirements. Thus, the cost of the road, as above, was $23,100,339. The sales o f lands to September 1st, 1857, were as follow s:— To January, 1857...................... January to September, 1857... Total.............. On hand, September 1st. Total..................................... 865,211 acres for 256,629 “ $10,713,228 3,674,491 1,131,840 1,463,160 estimate $14,387,719 $18,400,000 2,595,090 $32,787,719 This gives a value of nine millions more than the cost of the road. The great prosperity with which the State of Illinois has been endowed, from the operation o f the canal and the Central Railroad, has been enhanc ed by the other railroads in operation in the State, reacts reciprocally upon the works which had produced it, and at this moment the demand for land in that region is very active. The population of the interior has increased at a very rapid rate along the line of the railroads. Thus, that of the thirteen counties through which the Galena and Chicago Railroad runs due west, was as follows :— 1840, 46,992; in 1850, 178,417; in 1855, 297,974— that is to say, one-fourth o f the whole increase in the one hundred counties o f the State, during five years, was in these thirteen counties. The Central Railroad has been operating less than two years, yet the concentration of population upon its line is greater than the large one indicated above. If wo take six counties on the Chicago branch, in the heart of the State, we may ob serve the increase:— POPULATION OF SIX INTERNAL COUNTIES. 1X40. 1845. 1850. M’Lean.......................................... De Witt........................................ Macon........................................... Platt............................................. Champaign................................... Livingston.................................... 6,565 3,247 8,039 none 1,475 759 6,904 3,316 2,729 1,037 2,041 1,000 10,163 5,002 3,988 1,606 2,649 1,552 19,578 8,508 8,865 3,053 6,666 4,606 T o ta ls .................................. 15,085 17,217 24,960 50,976 1855. 285 Illinois. Thus the population in those counties has more than doubled in the last five years, and has only within a short time had an outlet to market over the Central Railroad, and this outlet is all that is required. Fuel, brick, clay, and limestone, abound in all the region, and the railroad, as it were, puts those necessaries into circulation. It follows that land has rapidly risen in those counties. The progress o f the State, may, in some degree, be illustrated as follows :— Population. 1840........................... 1845........................... 18 50............. ............ 1855........................... Miles of railroad. 56 56 2,761 Taxable property. $69,841,419 82,327,105 105,432,752 334,398,425 Thus, since the failure of the State in 1840, its population has tripled— it has acquired 2,700 miles o f railroad which cost $81,000,000, of capital brought into the State from Europe and the Eastern States, while its assessed property has increased fivd times its value, and its debt greatly diminished. Although its old chartered banks went out of existence in the collapse of 1839—40, the state adopted a general banking law similar to that of the State of New York, under which its banking operation has progressed as follows:— No. b’ks. Capital. Loans. Stocks. Specie. 1 8 5 1 .. . none ...................................................... $419,371 1 8 5 3 .. . 23 $1,702,456 $386,404 $1,780,617 759,474 1 8 5 6 .. . 363,840,946337,675 3,777,676 1 8 5 8 .. . 45 6,098,152 7,573,547 6,895,974 676,117 Circulation. Deposits. $1,351,780 3,420,985 1,146,682 $522,476 1,267,230 1,146,682 It will be observed that these are mostly banks of circulation, whose notes are secured by the deposit o f State stocks, of which the following were the character, January 1st, 1858 :— ILLINOIS BANKING BASIS— JANUARY, 1858. Character of securities. Missouri State 6s....................... Virginia State 6s....................... Louisiana State 6s..................... Tennessee State 6s.................... South Carolina State 6s........... South Carolina 6s....................... Georgia State 6s......................... Ohio State 6 s............................. Kentucky State 6s.................... Illinois State 6s......................... Illinois non-interest................... Amount. 13,817,0110 720.000 369.000 511.000 248.000 100.000 86,500 179,281 3.000 623,007 323,236 Value. 80 83 83 84 89 100 100 102 100 95 75 $6,895,974 Total...................................................... Total circulation outstanding January 1st, 1858... Excess of securities over circulation.................................................. To which should be added the semi-annual interest on the Missouri bonds, retained by the auditor............................................................... Making total excess o f securities. Equal to. $3,051,600 641,620 303,780 429,244 220,720 100,000 86,600 183,815 19,000 591,857 242,427 $5,867,591 5,835,574 $31,945 114,510 $146,455 The amount of circulation delivered to the banks, in return for the se curities lodged, does not represent the amount in the hands of the pub lic, since the bdnks cannot always keep out the whole amount. It is to 28(5 M on ey and Banking. be observed that Illinios banks are mostly those o f circulation. The capital-is entirely invested in stocks, which are pledged with the State officer for circulating notes. These notes are loaned in various ways. The revenue o f the State o f Illinois being now abundant for all its wants, its lands in process o f rapid settlement, having a good provision o f railroads, and its debt diminishing under the operation o f adequate funds, its future is one o f bright promise, and the public works within its borders will partake in its growing prosperity. Art. 11.— MONEY AND BANKING* To F k e e m a n H unt , Editor o f the Merchants' Magazine : — D ear S ir :— It is sometimes refreshing and satisfactory, for the pioneer o f a reformatory movement, to look back and to count the steps that he has gained, in the slow, but onward progress of his cause. Most reforms move slowly at first, but if they are founded in truth, their final triumph is certain. It is now nearly five years since I had the honor to contribute an article, relating to this subject, to the Merchants' Magazine, but since that time it has been discussed from every point by many able and in telligent writers, so “ that he that runs may read.” It is true, none have advocated exactly the same doctrines as myself, but still progress has been made, in the acknowledgement, by more than one writer, of the important principle of depredation ; the marvel is, that its tendency and effect had never before been perceived. The currency is now no longer a mystery, but a matter that all may understand who will take the trouble to read the Merchants' Magazine. I have been led into these desultory remarks from a casual glance over your pages upon this subject, since I last wrote ; congratulating myself, as a party concerned in.the warfare, upon the per ceptible progress we have made. I must now attend to the subject, and shall endeavor to discuss some points which may have escaped the notice of others. The credit and banking system, within the last few years, has been spreading all over Europe— France, Russia, and Germany; and, in fact, every other country has been extending its trading and monetary institu tions. The late crisis has consequently been more extensive and severe than usual, and its circling wave may be longer before it reaches its final destination. England appears to have suffered as much, or more, than any other nation, notwithstanding the bank monopoly and the large amount of specie in her currency. The evil lies in the unlimited increase o f money, and can never be eradicated under the present system of cur rency. It matters little whether the increase be in gold or in paper. In the case o f England the limited amount o f paper in her currency did not save her from difficult}^ The deposit system, which like the issue of bank notes, operates to pile debt upon debt, with every new loan increasing prices, and, o f course, expelling the precious metals by depreciation; leaving nothing behind but a stupendous mass o f obligations that can * Previous articles will be found in vol. 29, page 577; vol. 81, page 188; vol. 83, page 541; vol. 34, page 185. M oney and Banking. 287 never be discharged, but at last topples down, overwhelming alike the reckless and prudent, the honest and dishonest, in one common ruin. .And yet, notwithstanding, it is said that some o f the English banks that have done an extensive business upon deposits are prosperous; but that remains to be seen. The Western Bank o f Scotland had only seven millions of deposits, and she has sunk to rise no more, and many others of less note will be found in the same category. Some of them had sus tained no run, but have fallen from their own insanity— the inconverti bility of their own and customers’ investments, or in other words, the im possibility of obtaining the same amount in cash for them, which had been paid in credit. Thus, the system defeats itself—swallows up prin ciple and interest, and causes just the same kind of evils as an unlimited issue of paper— stops the wheels o f honest industry, produces frauds, bubble companies, and accommodation paper, and every other meanness that combined selfishness and necessity can descend to. Therefore, whether we look at the banking system politically or morally we see nothing but ev il; even the small savings of the working classes are evaporated, if I may be allowed the term, and made into an engine o f general oppression. All deposits should be made for safe keeping, and should be paid fo r if necessary, but never re-issued, as no profits can be derived from deprecia tion. Therefore, there can be no doubt that money is but “ dead capital,” and the less society uses of it the better. O f course, like all other com modities there must be a convenient quantity, but when that is obtained its increase should not go beyond the rate of increase o f other capital— bank facilities and gold getting in an opulent and industrious country are only sources of derangement, debt, and poverty. Dr. Smith was perfectly correct when he said, “ the cheapness of gold and silver discourages both the agriculture and manufactures of Spain and Portugal,” but he did not very plainly show' the mode of operation. The Dr. admits depreciation of the precious metals in this instance, though he denies it in others, but thinks it was caused by their exportation being taxed or prohibited. In this he was evidently wrong, as he was in some other instances. Prohibi tion would no doubt make exportation difficult, and cause greater fluctua tion in prices, which is always a source of evil; but the true cause o f depreciation was the natural and necessary law of redundancy. "Whenever this happens the article must depreciate in relative value, that is, measured by other things. Thus, Spain would do as we have done for the last nine years, she would sell her agricultural and manufacturing produce at the price of gold they would command in- other countries, while she would buy at the depreciated price whatever she imported. Therefore, the gold exported from Spain “ would be presented to the rest o f the world gratuitously,” and the maintainance o f the labor o f gold digging would rest as a tax, to be paid by the Spanish community. This state o f things, as has been intimated, is exactly what our statistics will prove that we have been doing for the last nine years. The price o f imports has in creased nearly one hundred and fifty per cent, while the price of exports has increased less than one hundred and twenty-five, showing a balance of twenty-five per cent against us in the nine years, which either is, or has to be, paid in specie or bullion. But, sir, we have been seriously and deliberately told that the precious metals will not depreciate. In other words, “ it is nut possible for them to become superabundant,” “ that the melting-pot of the goldsmith, or subjection to the gold-beater’s hammer, I 288 M oney and Banking. is the ultimate destination o f the whole o f the vast products of Siberia, California, and Australia.” Now, from what we have said it will be per ceived that we cannot adopt this opinion, but we have other reasons be sides those already stated. W e have perceived that the faster money in creases the scarcer and dearer it becomes, with respect to its use as money. As a proof o f this, we may state, if such proof be required, that the jointstock banks have had a meeting in London since the panic, at which a resolution was passed to reduce the interest on deposits to six per cent. How high it has been is not exactly stated. What chance has “ the melting-pot and the gold-beater’s hammer” under these circumstances ? One thing is certain, that they have not had a relative chance according to the production of gold, either here or in England. Cortes and Pizarro would never have found such heaps of gold and silver ornaments which stimulated the avarice of the Spaniards in Mexico and Peru, if either country had had a currency of the precious metals. And yet it is said they were both in the most prosperous condition— abounding in wealth of all descriptions— the one with a consumable commodity for a currency, and the other without any. The development o f commerce had not pro duced this social evil o f a fixed standard o f value, which has always been a source of demoralization and oppression among European* nations. But to return. Mr Carey found it equally difficult to maintain the defunct doctrines of the balance o f trade and the principle o f protection, if he were to admit the general depreciation o f the precious metals, as Dr. Smith did to up hold his doctrine of the beneficial effects of the issues o f bank paper, if he had to make the same admission. The Dr. says upon this subject, “ the increase of paper money, it has been said, by augmenting the quantity, and consequently diminishing the value, of the whole currency, necessarily augments the money price o f commodities.” But he thought this was not the case, because when there was very little else than paper money in Scotland, the prices of provisions bore about the same proportion to those of England as before the multiplication of banking companies. But he admitted that when “ Mr. Hume published his Political Discourses, soon after the great multiplication o f paper money in Scotland, there was a very sensible rise in the price of provisions, owing probably,” as he said, “ to the badness o f the seasons, and not to the multiplication of paper money.” He also had to admit in another place, that if more money were forced into the channels o f circulation than was sufficient to keep prices at their natural level it must overflow, and “ would be sent abroad in order to seek that profitable employment which it could not find at home.” Dr. Smith, like Mr. Carey, seems to have forgotten, or not to have noticed, that the only way in which the surplus would be sent abroad was by in creasing the price of imports relatively more than the price of exports. To such straits are the learned sometimes driven to uphold a fallacious doc trine. But Mr. Carey, as I have intimated above, attempts to revive the old doctrine of protection as a remedy for present financial evils, but it has been so thoroughly exploded years ago that there is hardly sufficient excuse for saying a word upon the subject. W e will, however, sav in * The kings o f France and of England, from the time o f Edward I , were in the habit o f depreCiatinff the value of their coins, by alloy and otherwise. Henry V I I , following the example o f his predecessors, reduced his coin considerably, and enacted a law making it death to refuse it, and his son, Hom y VIII., improved upon his father’s policy. Money and Banking. 289 passings that if a tariff were enacted sufficiently high to stop the entrance for a time of foreign goods, the price o f those goods would inevitably rise high enough to pay the duty and the usual p rice; then the stream would flow over the dam-head as before, but consumption would diminish to the extent of the tax, as all taxes must be paid by the consumer; and the general rate of profit upon capital would decrease, while under ordinary circumstances we should import a certain quantity of the precious metals from other countries, sufficient to be employed in the difference of price caused by the increased tax. Therefore, the prices of our imports would be increased and the prices of our exports decreased, and the foreign merchant and manufacturer would obtain the same amount o f profit as before, lacking that of the decreased consumption; and that is the only way in which the foreigner would be affected. Under present circum stances we might retain some of the gold we shall export, instead of im porting the amount from any other source. Other moral evils might ac crue; but by no possibility could the protected country be benefited. The argument may be put into a nutshell— no country can gain by producing that for which other countries have superior facilities. And it is both useless and ridiculous to group mere contemporary facts together, having no necessary relation, and ringing changes continually upon the words value, utility, and price, as no three words can be more distinct in meaning. It will deceive no one having any pretentions to science. But to return to our subject. The charter o f the Bank o f France has lately been ex tended for another thirty years, its capital doubled, and other objection able privileges granted. Ten years ago it was not allowed to issue notes o f a less denomination than five hundred francs, but under the new charter this privilege extends as low as fifty francs, and I am not quite sure that it is not twenty-five. Louis Napoleon, like the British government, in the case of the Bank of England, pockets the proceeds, but like the Regent o f Royal Bank celebrity, he may awake some fine morning and find his money turned to rags—-finance will be found less plastic than politics. Foreseeing these difficulties, a French journalist lately proposed a banking alliance, to lessen, if possible, the intensity of any monetary crisis which might happen. He proposed that the leading banks o f Europe should begin by taking each other’s paper and advising upon financial difficulties, but it seems he did not offer the right hand of fellowship to the American banks. In this he was mean and uncharitable, and showed the narrowness of his views— otherwise the scheme was worthy o f John Law himself; but its explosion would certainly have rung the death knell of banking on that side the Atlantic. The national banks and some others of note may weaken the storm o f the present crisis, but how long they will escape the inevitable fate of all banks is only a question o f time. The Bank of France has been shinning along for the last two years, some times in a desperate condition, and she will hardly be more stable under her new responsibilities and privileges. But to come nearer home. Our banking system, notwithstanding all the care and ingenuity dis played in its construction by the currency doctors, has again arrived at the condition of confessed and absolute inconvertibility. Within the last ten years banks have doubled in number, and still vve see notices o f new applications for charters. Every means have been used to push out their paper and to obtain deposits to re-issue, until they had not five per cent of specie upon the average to meet their liabilities. Suspension, thereVOL. x x x v i i i .— n o . in . 19 290 M oney and Banking. fore, was the only remedy, and the people took it very kindly— as a mere matter of course— not only so, but vigilance committees in a great many instances, said to be voluntary, undertook to protect the banks from outside intruders, who might be so unreasonable as to expect them to pay specie for their notes. It is pretty well understoood that fifty per cent will never be realized upon Western debts, and what would have been the consequence if suspension had not taken place we can only imagine. Some public writers, however, have said, in comparison with England, that our banking system is the sounder o f the two, but this we cannot allow, for notwithstanding, England may have suffered more from failures at present, if we had been obliged to come down to specie prices, no doubt, but seventy-five per cent o f our debts must have remained unpaid, and what will yet be done in this respect must depend upon circumstances over which we can have no control— the operation o f the crisis in other countries. Therefore, under all circumstances suspension was the only means of comparative safety, as the banks and the community were both embarked in one boat; but are we to be doomed continually to stand upon the brink of a commercial volcano, the explosion of which at any moment may be occasioned by the failure of a bubble company, the loss of a ship, or the failure of a crop ? It is time that these questions were gravely considered. W e have more than doubled our currency within the last ten years, consequently our capital and business transactions have also nominally doubled! Dr. M’Cay, o f South Carolina College, in a very able article, in this Magazine, December, 1856, satisfactorily proved that prices up to that period had increased from thirty-five to forty per cent since we had been receiving supplies o f gold from California; but our currency increased considerably after that, and his calculation also was extremely moderate. And yet in the same number o f years, accord ing to the last census, our domestic products had only increased at the utmost possible calculation, twenty per cent. Thus, we have created within the last ten years a surplus currency o f eighty per cent, that is, eighty per cent beyond the probable increase of other capital. But other countries had also been engaged in the same profitless operation as our selves, and to the same extent, or the re-action must have come much earlier. Now, the question naturally arises, who has been benefited by this unnecessary addition to the currency, which must have made every individual poorer, excepting one class— the money makers. Yes, the bankers and .the gold-getters have pocketed the whole of this increase, abstracted from the rate of profit upon capital engaged in other pursuits. But lest this statement should not convey an adequate idea o f the magni tude of the evil, or of the amount o f taxation we have suffered, we will take the liberty of extending our observations a little further. The bank ing deposits have increased, within the time specified, at least one hun dred and fifty per cent, discounts and loans have also more than doubled, therefore, at a moderate calculation, we may say that the currency has increased four hundred millions of dollars. W e may talk of the Missis sippi Scheme and South Sea Bubble, but where shall we find another such gratuitous transfer of property? If the system could possibly continue the banks would absorb all the circulating capital o f the country, in fact, there seems to be no apparent reason why they should not, in time, swallow up the whole, except the necessary wages and taxes. W e have Spain for an example— there is only one alternative— annihilate the present monetary M oney and Banking. 291 system, or it will annihilate the State. W e have always been taught that natural debts were an unmitigated evil, and it has hitherto been the pride of the American system to eschew them ; but what difference is there whether the debt be a public one or a private one? W e have now about twelve hundred millions o f commercial debt, seven owing to the banks, and about four-and-a-half to foreigners, besides private debts incal culable. This is a national debt without a question, which will not be paid off for the present. It is a fallacy to assume that we have grown so extremely rich within the last few years as taxable statistics have made us, while the statistics of the census shows that production has compara tively decreased. If we only multiply by two for the next ten years, as we have done for the past, our riches will, o f course, increase in the same ratio, counted in paper dollars. Thus, the whole is a gigantic humbug, and yet no one is to blame. The people, in their ignorance, under blind political and economical leaders, have politely given the bankers and gGld-getters leave to pick their pockets, under the idea that they (them selves) should be benefited. The impetus given to the increase of money, by the discoveries of gold all over the world, has introduced a new era in finance, which must evoke new principles. The Bank of England has found herself checkmated by the joint-stock banks, notwithstanding her monopoly, and was only saved from suspension by the interference o f the government, and yet there seems to be no complaints of imprudence in her management. How long the manufacturers o f Great Britain will be enabled to compete with those of other countries under these new cir cumstances remains to be seen. There is one thing in their favor, how ever— other countries are smitten with the same virulent disease— that of money making. Joint-stock companies, as before stated, have been formed, and are forming, all over Europe, even in Turkey. The Em peror of France has decided to push gold-getting on the Senegal, so that he will not be behind his English neighbors in making money and sup porting the bank. The production o f gold fofr the last year is set down at two hundred millions of dollars, and, therefore, at a moderate calculation the amountof gold thrown upon the markets of the world for the next decade, will ex ceed two thousand millions. It has also been stated by a legislative com mittee in South Australia that the auriferous soils o f that region cannot be exhausted in two thousand years. What then will be the consequence of pursuing our present system with regard to money ? In passing further over these circumstances it is hardly necessary to say that the cause of the “ flight of the precious metals to the East,” about which we have lately heard such lugubrious lamentations, is sufficiently explained— money, like water, will find the level, and the more there is poured into the reservoir, the more it will spread over the surface, until the stream be stopped at its fountain. W e have now slightly reviewed some o f the causes of the crisis, and of the evils which a continuance in our present course will occasion, and have only to offer the remedy recommended in former articles; that is, to force the withdrawal o f bank notes gradually, abolish the standard o f value, and in the meantime, issue as many treasury notes as can be conveniently employed in the operation of government and the domestic exchanges. Under these circumstances the currency could never be increased beyond the rate of increase of other capital; and when the increased volume of commerce and taxation required an increase 292 Garblings: or Commercial Commodities Characterized. o f treasury notes, the government could reduce so much o f taxes and issue the required quantity of notes, which would be so much saved to the people. A ll governments could do the same, and adopt the dollar as a mere unit of accounts, without a fixed amount of gold or silver attached, and all trading transactions would then he balanced by gold and silver paid according to weight and price, the same as all other commodities. Banks would then be unnecessary. I remain, dear sir, yours truly, E. SUIXF.Y. Art. III.— GARBLINGS: OR, COMMERCIAL COMMODITIES CHARACTERIZED. NUM BER ALC O H O LIC V n .* j LIQUORS. W INE---- (CONCLUDED.) M IX T U R E S — A D U L T B R A T IO N 8 — P A T E N T -O F F I C E D IR E C T IO N S — L I Q U O R D E A L E R S ’ G U I D E — C O U N T E R F E IT S — C I D E R — A L C O H O L — P E R C E N T O F A L C O H O L IN D IF F E R E N T W I N E S — D E T E C T IO N O F C O U N T E R F E IT S .— S U G A R A N D M OLASSES— P E R C E N T O F 8 U G A R IN D IF F E R E N T W IN K S — C R E A M OF T A R T A R — T A R T A R IC A C ID — T A N N I N .— C O L O R I N G M A T T E R S — J E R U P IG A — P O K E -B E R R I E S — R E D P O P P I E S — P R I V E T -B K R R I E S — M Y R T L E - B E R R I E S — E L D E R - B E R R I E S — B R A Z I L - W O O D - I N D I A - W O O D - T E S T F O R C O L O R IN G A D U L T E R A T I O N S .— L E A D — C O P P E R — Z IN C — A L U M — C O P P E R A S — P O T A 8 8 A — S O D A — L I M E — P L A S T E R O F P A R I S — P L A S T E R A G E O F W I N E S — S U L P H U R IC A C I D , E T C ., W I T H T H E I R T E S T *— C O N S T I T U T I O N A L E F F E C T S . Mixtures.— According to the laws o f France, which country has paid more attention to this subject than all the world besides, a wine which re sults from the mixture o f other pure wine is not an adulteration. That good wine may result from the mixture o f a strong wine with weak ; one that is light with one that has more b od y ; one that is tart with one that is rich and sweet; one that is wanting in coloring matter with one that has too much, and so on. It was the primitive practice for manufacturers to mix the different va rieties of grapes and must before fermentation, in order to produce a par ticular quality of wine; and in the production of the best wines this practice still holds. It, however, requires a great degree of experience to successfully practice the process. The best unmixed wine made in the United States is made in the county of Los Angelos, California. The vine was introduced into that county about a century and a half ago, by cuttings from Madeira, and the flavor of the grape, and aroma o f the wine produced from it, are both maintained in the highest degree. It therefore requires no “ pure ju ic e ” of foreign production to give it an acceptable zest. Other species of grape also flourish there, and the soil, climate, and labor, all seem to combine to place it at the head o f our wine-growing districts. ♦For number i , see Merchants’ Magazine for July, 1857, (vol. xxxvii., pp. 19-23;) for number 1!., see same for August, (pp. 166-171;) for number iii., see same for September, (pp. 298-303;) for ■umber iv., see same for November, (pp. 542-654;) for number v., see same for January, 1858, (vol. xxxviii., pp. 48-50; for number vi., see same for February, (pp. 175-183.) Garblings: or, Commercial Commodities Characterized. 298 Other wines, made in the United States, generally have added to them certain proportions o f the qualities they are intended to represent. These may be considered pure mixed wines. Longworth, the great pioneer in American wine-making, has succeeded in producing wine o f undoubted purity, equal to some o f the finest foreign ; but, as a general thing, it has not the flavor o f the chief grape used in its production. Adulteration.— W ine is the product of grape juice only. To manufac ture, or to sell, or to offer for sale, any other substance under the name of wine, is an adulteration. But to such a pass has the adulteration o f liquor come in the United States, that, to mend the condition of deficient must, the addition of certain substances is advocated with the authority o f a State paper! In the Agricultural Report of the Patent-office for 18o6, we are informed that, “ sugar, water, brandy, lime, tar, sweet-scented sub stances, &c., may be introduced to advantage before fermentation, so as to incorporate well that which can never be done after it. That whenever strength is required in wine, the brandy should be put into the must be fore fermentation, with which it is incorporated and modified, the alcohol contained in it being always so chemically combined as to be harmless / ” Now, everybody knows that both grapes and must are subject to certain defects or diseases, which render them unfit for the production of potable wine, and no amount of correctives can make them capable o f producing it. To advocate, therefore, that the conditions of must, necessary for the production of pure wine, can be made up of materials derived from any other material than grape juice, either in its natural or fermented state, is a mischievous tendency to adulteration. The usual results o f defective grapes or must are— 1. Excessive astringency. This is occasioned by an abortive crop, or premature ripening of the grapes, from peculiarity of season. 2. Acidity, which depends upon the greenness of the grapes, or acetous fermentation o f the must or wine. 3. Ropiness or greasiness, which is owing to the deficiency o f tannin. 4. Mustiness, a condition usually derived from the cask, bottle, or cork. 5. Turned, or le poux, a disease by which wine loses its acidity, and changes to a dark color, and sometimes takes on a putrid fermentation. 6. Bitterness. This condition sometimes takes place without known cause, in wine made o f must possessing all the requisite qualities; in which case it usually ceases after a short time, and after a new fermenta tion the quality of the wine is re-established. I. Excess or absence of color, either of which may result from the same causes as astringency or acidity. Other changes of less moment may take place from a variety o f causes. Wine, in any of these conditions, is generally susceptible of the acetous fermentation, by which it can be converted into vinegar. The distribution o f wines made of diseased grapes, or from must o f bad quality, or wine in a diseased condition from whatever cause, whether “ correctives ” have been applied or not, is a vile disregard o f public health, and should be placed on the same footing as the distribution o f other stale and diseased provisions; and the advocacy o f their use is a reproach to the true state of agricultural progress in the United States. One of the prime objects o f the Patent-office reports should be the dis couragement of adulteration under whatever phase. But in the one above referred to, that which of all others it is most difficult to detect, is incul 294 Garblings : or, Commercial Commodities Characterized. cated and taught as a species of laudable ingenuity. It is the legitimate forerunner o f the “ Bordeaux Wine and Liquor Dealers’ Guide : a Treatise on the Manufacture and Adulteration o f Liquors, by a Practical Liquor Manufacturer,” lately “ published for the author” in N e w York, which purports to be the “ result o f many years' practice o f an entirely new sys tem of manufacturing and adulterating liquors!” Experienced adulteraters and counterfeiters generally base their opera tions upon certain known qualities which pertain to the substance to be imitated. • Water, alcohol, extractive matter, bitartrate o f potassa, and inorganic mineral salts, are essential principles to all wines. Whatever may be the other qualities, these principles at least must be present, and it is by vary ing their proportions, and adding other things, that the different varieties o f wine are counterfeited. It is by the variable proportions of the ele mentary principles that different qualities o f wine are distinguished, and as these principles are all miscible with, as well as constituents of, wine in every proportion, it is manifest that o f all substances added to wine, they are the most difficult of detection. Counterfeit wines.— For this purpose cider is generally used. Perry, which has similar properties, is sometimes substituted. According to the “ Wine and Liquor Dealers’ Guide,” cider, prepared as a basis for every variety of wine, consists of— cider, forty gallons; pure spirits, under proof, three gallons ; sugar or syrup, three pounds; and of crude tartar, half a pound. These should be well stirred together in a full cask, which should be left with the bung open, and exposed to the necessary degree of temperature to produce fermentation ; after which it is racked off, fined, &c., and kept for use. Thus prepared, and mixed with water, sugar, honey, tartaric acid, lemon juice, cream of tartar, almond oil, fresh grape juice, wine, alcohol, and yeast, it is used for imitating al most every variety o f wine in commerce. The finest imitation of Cham pagne is said to be made of equal parts of native Catawba and prepared cider, with a little water, lemon juice, sugar, and tartaric acid. Cham pagne is also extensively imitated by charging low-priced still wines with carbonic acid. This is done by machinery adapted to the purpose, similar to that used for charging soda water. The prestige of pure native wines, derived from the spotless name of Longworth, has lately received a severe check by the refusal o f certain wine merchants in Cincinnati to have their wines inspected. This cir cumstance is virtual acknowledgement of adulteration; and it is well known that the Cincinnati wine dealers are, to an equal extent, dealers in such crude materials as constitute a well-assorted stock, according to the “ Wine and Liquor Dealers’ Guide.” Alcohol.— The exact amount of alcohol in any given sample o f wine may be ascertained by evaporation into a receiver, and testing the fluid so collected by an alcoholometer, or by the specific-gravity bottle— the chief care in the use of these instruments being a due regard to temper ature, which should be 60° F. The quantity of alcohol by measure in different wines ranges from 23.83 to 6.66 per cent— port being about half as strong as Scotch whisky, and the weak red wines of France about as strong as Scotch ale. The following table shows the proportion of alcohol, by measure, in the chief varieties o f wine:— Garllings; or, Commercial Commodities Characterized. Marsala................... Lissa........................ Raisin....................... Madeira................... Port......................... Teneriffe.................. Cape Madeira......... Constantia.,........... Lachry ma Cbristi. . Vidonia................... Sherry..................... Malaga, old............. Lisbon..................... Carcabello.............. Bucellas................... Cape Muscat.......... Rouissillon.............. Johannisberg........ 15 Malmsey, Madeira.. Malaga, common. . . Sauterne................ Saint-George........... Barsac, 1st growth. Baixas...................... Cbiraz...................... 2S.83 28.37 23.11 20.50 20. 18.20 18.87 18.17 18.12 17.71 17.63 17.42 17.42 17.17 17.01 16.79 16.68 to 16 16. 15. 16. 15. 14.76 14.50 14.27 Syracuse.................. 14.06 Tavel....................... 14. Lunel........................ 13.70 N ice......................... 13.46 Burgundy...............12 to 14 Bordeaux, claret ex. to London.......... 13 to 17 Tent......................... 13. Champagne, still.. . 12.77 A lica n te................. 12.69 Barsac, 2d growth.. 12.65 Vin de g ra v e ......... 12.30 Tinto......................... 12.24 Frontignac............. 11.80 Champagne, sp’kl’g. 1177 Preignac.................. 11.50 Hermitage, red . . . 11.38 Cote R o t ie ............. 11.30 Barsac, 3d growth.. 11.25 V o ln a y ................... 11. Rudenheimer........ 11. Weinheim............... 11. E isler..................... 11. Saint-Christol.......... 11. Pronsac.................... 10.75 293 Hohenheim.............. 10.71 L oiret...................... 10.66 Steinberg, 1st qual. 10.17 Saint-Seurin............ 10.15 Bordeaux, dom’stic.,10 to 11 Saint-Estephe......... 9.75 Margaux.................. 9.75 Chateau Latour.. . . 9.33 Tokay....................... 9.10 Cider, stron g........ 9.10 Chateau-Haut Brion 9. W lesloch................. 9. Sauveterre............. 8.76 Lafitte..................... 8.70 Saint-Lopbes......... 8.50 8.25 Merignac................. Duchatel St. Julien. 8. Saint-Macaire.......... 7.90 Macon, r e d ............. 7.66 Orleans, r e d ........... 7. P e r r y ..................... 6.78 Mead....................... 6.70 Saint-Aignau........ 6.66 Cider, n e w ............. 4. These estimates are deduced from French analyses, and are considerably below those furnished by wines prepared for export, or those generally found in the English and American markets. English port, Madeira, and sherry contain from 21 to 26 per cent of alcohol, and claret from 13 to 17. Other wines for the English market are branched in a proportionate ratio. When brandy or alcohol is added to wine it remains in a free state— does not combine with the other ingredients. To obviate this, it is the custom of adulteraters to excite a new fermentation, in order, as it is supposed, to effect a thorough assimilation. This operation is called “ fretting in.” Various means have been instituted in order to ascertain whether wine contains other water, alcohol, extractive, bitartrate of potassa, and salts, than are natural to the grape; but, as already stated, owing to their va riable proportions, no degree of manipulation, however accurate, can, within certain limits, demonstrate whether these principles are natural to the grape or added by the hand of man. Evaporation, distillation, &c., may, demonstrate the quantity o f any one, or all of them, contained in a given sample, but some of them exist naturally in certain wines in more than four times the quantity that they do in others. It is, nevertheless, wholly impossible to so artificially combine any heterogeneous elements as to make the same substance as that of natural formation. Counterfeit wine having cider or perry for a basis, may be discovered by the quantity o f extract after evaporation. Pure wine contains from 18 to 28 per cent of extract, but cider or perry never less than 30 per cent, and from that up to 37 per cent. Alcohol obtained by the distillation of cider also differs from that of wine. In the former there is a peculiar etherial odor which is never present in the latter. The same may be discovered, by the odor disen gaged, in burning the extract. There is, however, independent of such means, an indubitable resource, 296 Garblings: or, Commercial Commodities Characterzed. in types o f comparison. By having types o f wine of known purity, any suspected sample purporting to be of the same variety, can always be tested. Types of wine for this purpose, should be procured with great care from the original producer, and, when practicable, of the same age and vintage as the suspected sample purports to be. Sugar and molasses.— The quantity o f saccharine matter in wine may be estimated by means o f a saccharometer— the name of a hydrometer, with a scale adapted to the proportion of saccharine matter contained in any solu tion. But first it is necessary to separate the extractive matter ; this may be done by adding a saturated solution o f the acetate o f lead, in the pro portion of one part to eight of the wine to be examined. This precipitates all the extractive except sugar. Then filter the supernatant fluid, and re move the lead from it, as directed, for that substance. The solution may now be tested by the saccharometer, or more certainly by evaporation, by means of which, the exact amount of sugar may be collected and weighed. Its quantity, however, is so variable, that within certain bounds, it is im possible to say whether it is natural or added, excepting by the type o f comparison. In some experiments in England to ascertain the percentage of sugar in different varieties o f wine procured there, Dr. Bence Jones found it to vary, as follows :— Paracrette............................................ Lamas.................................................. Tokay.................................................... Malmsey.............................................. P ort...................... Champagne.......................................... Madeira................................................ Sherry.................................................. 66 16 6 6 4 94 grains o f sugar to the ounce o f wine* 88 “ “ “ “ 74 “ “ “ “ to 66 “ “ “ “ to 34 “ “ “ “ to 28 “ “ “ “ to 20 “ “ “ to 18 In Claret, Burgundy, Rhenish, and Moselle, none could be detected. Cream o f tartar or tartrate o f potassa.— The presence o f cream of tartar is constant in every variety of pure wine ; the amount, however, is extremely variable. It is an addition to all imitations, and therefore the quantity present in any given sample, is of much moment, in order to compare with what is known to exist in a pure type. The best means of ascertaining the amount present is, to take 500 grains by measure o f the wine, evaporate to dryness, and ignite the residue; by this means the cream of tartar is converted into the carbonate of potassa, and the amount can be determined by the reaction o f dilute sulphuric acid of known strength. If, however, the sample has also been adulterated with the carbonates of lime, soda, or potassa, this test is fallacious. And in this event, the tartrate of potassa should be obtained in crystals from an aqueous solution. Tartaric acid.— According to Liebig, the Rhine-wines, when old, fre quently contain this acid in a free state. This, he says, is due to the custom of constantly adding new wine to the tun, in proportion as the old is drawn off. Its effects are to make the wine of more agreeable fla vor, though more injurious in use. It is therefore judicious to destroy this excess, in all cases, when it can be done without injury to the wine by mischievous means; and for this purpose, Liebig advises the use of pure neutral tartrate o f potash. But in very many wines the excess of tartaric acid is so great— doubtless made so by adulteration, in order to Garblings: or, Commercial Commodities Characterized. 29 1 improve the flavor— the quantity o f neutral tartrate required to neu tralize it, results in the formation of an excess of acetate of potash, which being soluble in wine, vitiates the taste. The remedy, therefore, only applies to a natural excess. In other cases, it is an additional adultera tion. The presence of free tartaric acid in wine may be tested by the addi tion of lime water or other alkaline solution, which throws down a white precipitate, which is very soluble in an excess of acid. Free tartaric acid may also be detected, by adding to a solution con taining it, twice as much of a solution of chloride of potassium, saturated at the temperature of 600 F. Stir the mixture with a glass rod for ten minutes, and bitartrate of potassa will be precipitated. If this test be applied to wine containing no excess of acid, it will take several hours to precipitate the natural bitartrate. The amount o f free tartaric acid contained in any sample of wine, may be estimated by the proportion of a test-alkaline solution, which is capa ble of saturating a given quantity o f the wine. And the whole amount of tartaric acid, both free and combined, may be ascertained, first by this process, and afterwards by decomposing the tartrates. In this way any variety of wine may be rendered available for comparison with a type. Tannin.— This is one o f the most important of the elementary con stituents of wine, and absolutely essential to its preservation. Hence it is a common addition to diseased wines and imitations. To ascertain the exact amount in wine, M. Faure has discovered the following simple means, viz.:— that one hundred grains of a solution o f gellatin added to an equal quantity of a watery solution of tannin, is capa ble of precipitating one grain o f tannin. To apply this experiment to wine, it is only necessary to have due regard to its specific gravity. The quan tity obtained should be compared with that o f the type. By imitators, kino, log-wood, rhatany, alum, and oak bark, are some times added in order to give the properties due to tannin. Coloring matter.— The additions to wine, for this purpose, are mostly limited to particular varieties. In the Oporto Company’s district, the most common substance used, is jerupiga. This is a compound made o f unfermented must, brandy, elder-berries, and brown sugar. Poke-berries, red poppies, privet-berries, myrtle-berries, log-wood, Bra zil-wood, and India-wood, are the common ingredients added to different varieties of wine, in order to produce a desired shade of color. By adding a solution of alum and carbonate of potash to wine, if there is a precipitate o f blue, violet, or rose color, artificial coloring may be suspected. A solution of potash added to wine, colored with red poppies, produces a greenish-brown precipitate; privet-berries, produces a violet-brown pre cipitate; myrtle-berries, produces a greyish-blue precipitate; elder berries, produces a violet precipitate; Brazil-wood, produces a violet-grey pre cipitate ; India-wood, produces a rose-colored precipitate. Poke-berry juice cannot be detected by this test. The coloring matter produced by poke-berries so nearly corresponds to that of the natural color of wine, that it is extremely difficult to detect it, by any other means, than by its constitutional effects on those who have been so unfortunate as to make much use of wine containing it. It is violently acrid in its effects, producing headache, purging, and great pros 298 Garblings: or, Commercial Commodities Characterized. tration o f strength ; and if long continued or taken in large quantity, it is an acro-narcotic poison— producing severe vomiting and purging, with great stupefaction. Lead. This substance is added in the form o f litharge, and svgar o f lead, for the purpose o f correcting acidity and giving sweetness. But besides these, it has sometimes found its way into wine by the use of utensils, in the process of manufacture, bottling, &c. Wines containing much of it are generally of light color, and have a sweetish styptic taste. The habitual use o f wine containing lead, though in very small quan tity, produces dyspepsia, excessive lassitude, and melancholly. If persisted in, succeeding this condition frequent fits of colic occur, which are often very obstinate, and sometimes fatal. Next, apoplexy, with or without a peculiar kind of palsy particularly affecting the balls o f the thumbs and the loss of power to extend the fingers, which persists unto death, unless the poison is discontinued. In an English treatise on wine-making, pub lished in 1733, to hinder wine from turning sour, it is recommended to “ pu t a pound o f melted lead into the cask and stop it close." And 11to soften gray wine, put a little vinegar wherein litharge has been well steeped, and boil some honey to draw out the wax. Strain it through a cloth, and put a quart of it into a tierce of wine, and this will mend it.” In Paris, the practice was also so common, that in 1775 an epidemic of lead colic was attributed to wine adulterated with litharge. And in 1837, there was an epidemic o f lead colic among the soldiers at Compiegne, in consequence of the use of wine, which had been sweetened with acetate of lead. In 1853, there was a circumscribed epidemic of lead colic in Paris, which was ascertained to be due to cider clarified with sugar of lead. The easiest way of detecting the presence of lead, is to acidulate a portion of the wine to be examined with muriatic acid, and then pass a current of sulphuretted hydrogen gas through it. If lead be present, there will be a dark-colored precipitate o f sulphuret of lead. Copper. This substance is also introduced sometimes in the process of manufacture; but at others, by the addition o f water or alcohol, which contain some salt of this metal in solution. It is a powerful irritant poison to the human system. Producing at first irritation and inflammation of the lining membrane of the stomach and bowels, ultimately followed by lethargy, convulsions, and death. To discover it in wine, it is necessary to evaporate a certain quantity, and incinerate the residue. Treat the ashes with nitric or nitro-muriatic acid, filter and evaporate. Dissolve the residue o f this in distilled water and test as follows:— Ferrocyanide of potassium produces a brown pre cipitate ; carbonate of potassa a pale-blue precipitate ; sulphurreted hydro gen, a black precipitate, and the arsenite of potassa a grass-green. Zinc sometimes finds its way into wine by the use o f vessels composed of it. It is a less active poison than lead or copper, but it may be sus pected, when wine seems to have the effect of constipating the bowels. For its detection proceed in the same manner as for copper— using as tests, ammonia or potassa, which produce white precipitates. Alum is a frequent adulteration for various purposes. To fix the color, to clarify, to impart keeping qualities for exportation, to give a styptio taste, &c. On adding chloride of barium or the nitrate o f barytes to a wine con Garblings : or, Commercial Commodities Characterized. 299 taining alum, there is an instantaneous white precipitate, which is insoluble in nitric or nitro-muriatic acid. Sulphate o f iron, or copperas, is added to wine for the same purpose as alum, and it may be precipitated by the same means. Its presence is in dicated by a blue color on the addition o f ferrocyanide of potassium. Carbonates o f potassa, soda, and lime, are common additions for the correction of acidity. The saturation of the excessive acidity of wines by these substances converts them into acetates. To demonstrate their pres ence, it is necessary to evaporate the suspected wine to dryness, but with as low a temperature as possible, in order that all the acetic acid may be evolved without decomposing the new ly formed acetates. By treating the residue with sulphuric acid the acetate is decomposed, and the acetic acid set free— it may be collected in a retort. To ascertain which of the corbonates have been employed, dissolve a part o f the extract in distilled water, filter through charcoal so as to deprive it of coloring matter, and add reactives. The acetate of lime is discovered by adding oxalate of ammonia, in a precipitate of oxalate o f lime. If this is not formed, the other acetates may be discovered by again evaporating to dryness, and treating with alcohol, which dissolves the acetates. Alcohol, containing the acetate of lime in solution, on being diluted with water, by tbe addi tion o f oxalate of ammonia, throws down a white precipitate of oxalate of ammonia. But the acetates of soda and potash cannot be absolutely determined without crystalization. On slowly evaporating a colorless solution containing the acetate of potash, irregular lamellated crystals, of a white satiny appearance, are formed. These are o f a strong acid saline taste, and very deliquescent. The acetate of soda is more easily crystalized ; the form of the crystals being complicated in striated needles and oblique rhombic prisms, vari ously modified. It is of a cooling, saline, bitterish taste. It is evident that for the detection of this adulteration, a large quantity of the suspected wine is necessary for the experiment. Sulphate o f lime, or plaster o f Paris. The presence of this substance in wine, has given rise to the appellation o f the plasterage o f wines. It is due to “ a new method of clarifying wines,” as first published in L’Encyclopedie des arts et matiers mecaniques, tom viii., p. 628, 1817. In later editions of this work, the article is expunged. But in 1839, the same process was again published by one Serane, in Montpelier, as a new invention, for which he obtained a patent. In 1854, the prefect of the Department of the Pyrenees-Orientales, stated that the practice was general in that department, excepting in wines which were preserved for domestic use. The same was the case in Herault. When plaster o f Paris is added to wine, it is partially decomposed, by which sulphate of potassa is formed, and held in solution, and tartrate of lime precipitated. It is, therefore, the sulphate o f potassa, which is taken into the system by the use of xvines clarified with sulphate o f lime. The court of Montpelier has decided, that the practice followed and known in the south o f France under the name o f “ Le Plastrage des wins,” does not constitute the crime of falsification of drinks and of mixtures prejudicial to health, in the sense o f the laws of 1851 and 1855. But notwithstanding this decision, an individual has been condemned by the Tribunal Saint-Affrique, for having sold wine thus treated ! The sulphate of potash is comparatively an insoluble salt, requiring six 300 Garblings: or , Commercial Commodities Characterized. teen parts by weight of cold, and five o f hot water, for its solution. Its constitutional effects, in considerable quantity, are permanently laxative, but in the quantity supposed to be taken in wine, which has been clarified with sulphate of lime, there are no traceable effects, which can be said of no other substance used for the same purpose. Sulphuric acid has in some cases been added to wine for the purpose o f re-establishing that which has turned, to mask flatness, or to give sharp ness. Owing to the salts o f wine, sulphuric acid thus added does not remain free, but unites with them to form sulphate o f potassu. To detect it, therefore, it is necessary to have recourse to such reactives as pertain to this latter substance. Such are the chief counterfeits and adulterations, which at present con stitute the wines o f commerce C onstitutional E ffects. In all ages among civilized people, there has existed a remarkable inclination to the use o f wine, while its abuse has been coevally condemned. The variable proportion o f the constituent principles of wine, apparently indicate a want of, uniformity in its constitutional effects. In pure wine, however, there is no individuality o f action of any one of its constituent principles, because each element is so modified in its character by com bination with all the rest, that the effect on the constitution is attributable to the wine integrally, and not to any excess o f any particular principle. Hence the constitutional effects of pure wine may be considered in the aggregate, independent o f such action as shows a preponderance of some particular principle ; this latter condition being generally an evidence of impurity. In all wines alcohol is the predominant principle, yet unless it is free—• that which is added in adulteration— its character is so modified by com bination as to exercise a very different power on the system from what it does when not subject to any such influence. It has already been shown that some o f the strongest wines contain about half as much alcohol as whisky; in other words, that a pint of Madeira or Port is, in alcohol, equal to half a pint o f whisky or gin. Yet everybody knows that they differ much more than this in their effects on the human system. The stimulant qualities of wine are not only less powerful than an equivalent proportion o f alcohol in any other form, but they are much slower of production, and o f much longer duration. Considering this property, and what has already been said o f the extractive and other con stituent principles o f wine, the result o f its habitual use can be easily com prehended, v iz, supernutrition or plethora, which is ordinarily the intro duction to the usual diseases of wine bibbers— apoplexy, gout, gravel, and dropsy. So insidious are the constitutional effects o f wine drinking that most writers on the subject excuse it on the ground of an artificial state o f the sys tem, which either produces a necessity for persisting in its use, or inures the system to any ill-effects from continued indulgence. This apology for wine drinking has slain its thousands, while the propagators of it have failed to apply those principles of nutrition which are apparent to the merest tyro in the laws of health. The first effects manifest in excessive nutrition display an exuberance of health, hence the mistake that the most perfect health is compatible G arllings: or, Commercial Commodities Characterized. SOI with the moderate indulgence in, or habitual use of, wine. But when the supply of nutritive material is habitually abundant, and the functions of the system are stimulated, the usual effect is increase of bulk, especially bo if the habits of exercise are not such as to create an amount o f excre tion proportionate to the inordinate supply o f nutrition. If the excess of supply be only slight or casual, with a proportionate degree of physical exertion, the self-adjusting powers of nature may he equal to the irregularity, and prevent the transition o f healthy into diseased action. But if the excess be great or habitual, the organic functions are over-taxed, and their conservative powers necessarily languish. This con dition is succeeded by such irregularities as display the worst effects of wine drinking, by the development of incurable diseases, which have had their foundation in “ perfect health.” It is obvious, therefore, that the exuberance o f health evinced by the florid countenance and fatness of the wine-bibber, are the suspicious evidences of a constitution taxed to the very highest decree o f forbear ance, which must, in course of time, become relaxed and sink even below the normal standard of resistance. In this vitiated state of the system, constitutional predispositions to disease, both hereditary and acquired, that might otherwise have lain dormant, are frequently roused into the most speedy fatality. That there are some constitutions which appear to be unaffected by the habitual use of wine is no less true than that of any other habit tolerated by the natural powers of endurance. But, as stated in a previous chapter, such habits only serve to demonstrate the capabilities of the human con stitution, and are in no event admisable evidence o f natural adaptation. Under circumstances of extraordinary fatigue and exposure, and in cer tain diseased states o f the system, the tonic effects of wine remarkably display the action here attributed to it. But for healthy persons under ordinary circumstances, observation, experience, and pathology, all go to show that the powers of the human constitution are uniformly weakened by the habitual use o f wine. For occasional use, or adaptation to certain states o f the system when wine m aybe deemed advisable or salutary, it is important to bear in mind some of the differences in the numerous varieties which have been described. In the healthy, they are all least injurious when associated with regular habits o f out-door exercise, and most hurtful to the sedentary and the indolent, and the strong wines more injurious than the weak ones. Sweet wines contain the most extractive, on which account they gen erally disagree with dyspeptics, while the amount of sugar they contain renders them injurious for persons afflicted with urinary diseases. Red wines also contain a good deal of extractive, which, together with the coloring matter, renders them obnoxious to dyspeptics, and others who have delicate stomachs. Acid wanes promote gout and rheumatism, especially so if they have been preceded by the strong wines. Sparkling wines more quickly intoxicate than others of the same rela tive strength. This is owing to the presence o f carbonic acid and the volatile state of the alcohol. They are very apt to bring on a fit o f the gout in persons who are subject to it, and they usually produce indiges tion. Burgundy wines are more heady than other wines, and they produce 302 Coinage o f the Various Countries o f the World. a more powerful impression on the nervous system, on which account they have been supposed to possess some unknown acrid principle. Bordeaux wines are the converse of the Burgundy. They are the least intoxicating of all wines. In other qualities, however, they are very ir regular, sometimes astringent, sometimes laxative, depending upon the mixture which constitutes them. Rhenish wines and Moselle are, in intoxicating effects, similar to Bor deaux, but they frequently contain acid. When pure they are better adapted to certain feverish states of the system than any other. Of strong wines, “ port” abounds in alcohol and astringency, and its habitual use is of all wines most apt to produce gout. It is heavy and indigestible. Sherry is strongly alcoholic, but its non-acidity renders it preferable to all others where a strong wine is indicated. Madeira chiefly differs from sherry in oftentimes being acid, when otherwise, its effects are the same as sherry. Old wines are generally preferable to new, first, because they contain less alcohol; and secondly, because by age they cease to hold in solution bitartrate of potassa, coloring, and extractive matters. In brief, they contain less o f the most injurious principles. It must be evident from the foregoing that the degree of injury to the constitution from the use o f wine depends, in a great measure, upon the quality as well as the quantity used, and also upon constitutional predis position to disease. Generally speaking, however, the first deviations from a healthy standard take place so gradually as to be scarcely perceptable, and when disease is discovered it is apt to be ascribed to “ constitu tional” indisposition. To relieve this, the cravings o f a habit which has now become really constitutional, are interpreted as beneficial, and the accustomed stimulus assumes to be so too, because it appeases the appetite. But preternatural excitement has been kept up so long that the natural powers of the system are now beginning to decline, and unbearable de pression takes the place of normal strength. The organic functions lose their harmony, and now that the disease is incurable, it is ac knowledged. It is in this way that those who have accustomed them selves to the use of wine suffer when they leave it off. As, therefore, persons in perfect health can receive no possible benefit from its use, the insidious advances of a possibly dangerous disease— habitual wine drink ing— are best resisted when wine is wholly excluded. Art. V.— COINAGE OF THE VARIOUS COUNTRIES OF THE AV0RL1). [The Act of Congress, approved February 21,1857, provided that the Annual Report of the Director of the Mint of the United States, should thereafter present the operations of the mint during the fiscal year of the government, (ending June 30th, of each year,) instead of during the calendar year, as had previously been done. The present article consists of a condensation of a part of the report for 1857, (as published in the report of the Secretary of the Treasury on the finances,) which presents accounts of the recent coinage of the different countries of the world, and which were collected by the Director of the Mint, J ames R oss S nowben, under a provision of the act above mentioned, as stated in the first paragraph following.— E d . M er. M ag.] Coinage o f the Various Countries o f the W orld. 303 The third section of the A ct of Congress, approved February 21, 1857, contains the following enactment:— “ That all former acts authorizing the currency of foreign gold or silver coins, and declaring the same a legal tender for debts, are hereby repealed; but it shall be the duty o f the director of the mint to cause assays to be made, from time to time, of such foreign coins as may be known to our commerce, to determine their average weight, fineness, and value, and to embrace in his annual report a statement of the results thereof.” In pursuance of the requirement o f this law, the director of the mint caused assays to he made of such foreign coins as came within the official notice of the mint, or could be procured at the seats o f commerce of the United States, or obtained from other sources. A strict compliance with the law would require but a brief report, as but few foreign coins are now “ known to our commerce,” the course of trade leading the precious metals, especially gold, from the shores of the United States, and scarcely any comes from abroad, except what may be found in the hands o f emigrants and travelers. But the occasion of making the first report under this law is deemed a good opportunity to present to the public, in a reliable and official form, suc | ||||||
10432 | yago | 3 | 14 | http://www.filmreference.com/film/82/Jon-Cypher.html | en | Jon Cypher Biography (1932-) | [
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Judy Cornwell to Howard Da Silva
Jon Cypher Biography (1932-)
Born January 13, 1932, in Brooklyn, NY; married Dr. Carol Rosin (a thinktankpresident).
Nationality
American
Gender
Male
Occupation
Actor
Birth Details
January 13, 1932
Brooklyn, New York, United States
Famous Works
CREDITS
Film Appearances
Frank Tanner, Valdez Is Coming, United Artists, 1971
Alan, Believe in Me, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, 1971
Eddie Stell, Lady Ice, National General Pictures, 1973
Petersen, Blade, Pintoff, 1973
Brad, Memory of Us, Cinema Financial of America, 1974
The Kid and the Killers, 1974
Johnny, The Kingfisher Caper (also known as Diamond Lust),1975
Brian, The Food of the Gods (also known as H. G. Wells' Food of the Gods), American International Pictures, 1976
John C. Roosevelt, Off the Mark (also known as Crazy Legs),Fries Entertainment, 1986
Duncan (Man-at-Arms), Masters of the Universe, Cannon, 1987
James Hughes, Accidents, 1988
Dr. Marsh, Spontaneous Combustion, Taurus Entertainment, 1989
Drake, Strictly Business, 1991
Walking to the Waterline, PorchLight Entertainment, 1999
Television Appearances
Series
Dr. Alex Keith, As the World Turns, CBS, 1977-79
Max Van Stadt, General Hospital, ABC, 1981
Police Chief Fletcher Daniels, Hill Street Blues, NBC, 1981-87
Jeff Munson, Knots Landing, CBS, 1982-83
Dirk Maurier, Dynasty, 1983, 1987
John Green, Duet, 1988-89
Dr. Arthur Donelly, Santa Barbara, NBC, 1988-89
General Marcus C. Craig, Major Dad, CBS, 1990-93
Movies
Prince Christopher, Cinderella, 1957
Dr. Harry "Docky" Martin, Malice in Wonderland (also known as The Rumor Mill), CBS, 1985
Dr. Peter Lattimore, Perry Mason: The Case of the Notorious Nun, NBC, 1986
Serendip CEO Howard Millhouse, Probe, 1988
Mallory, Lady Mobster, ABC, 1988
Reid Chapman, Snow Kill, USA Network, 1990
Miniseries
Colonel Imbert, Evita Peron, NBC, 1981
Captain Beaulieu, Elvis and Me, ABC, 1988
Bartholomew Scott, Favorite Son (also known as Target: FavoriteSon), 1988
The Invaders, The WB, 1995
Pilots
Dale Hannigan, Night Games, NBC, 1974
Episodic
Driscoll, Our Five Daughters, NBC, 1962
Ewan McBurney, "A Time to Be Born, a Time to Die," Coronet Blue, 1967
"The Face of Murder," McMillan and Wife, 1972
Art Stafford, "Trapped," Mission: Impossible, 1972
Colonel Cody Ransom, "A Place to Hide," Bonanza, 1972
"Survival," The F.B.I., 1974
Michael Kelly, "To Protect and Serve: Parts 1 & 2," The Rockford Files, 1977
Mr. Bel, "Now You See It," The Greatest American Hero, 1982
George Atherton, "Soul Survivor," Knight Rider, 1983
Max Flynn, "Trial by Error," Murder, She Wrote, CBS, 1986
"Turning Point," Hunter, 1987
MG Goldman, "Blood Brothers," Tour of Duty, 1988
Howard Millhouse, Probe (two episodes), 1988
Nathan Swarthmore, "Double Exposure," Murder, She Wrote, CBS, 1989
MG Goldman, "I Am What I Am," Tour of Duty, 1989
John Green, Open House, 1989
Felix Renza, "High Rise," B. L. Stryker, 1990
Mr. Graham/Mr. Edwards, "A Matter of Principal," The Hogan Family,1990
Phantom of the opera, Major Dad, CBS, 1992
Captain Rory O'Neil, "Ship of Thieves," Murder, She Wrote, CBS, 1993
Anthony Galassi, Love & War, CBS, 1993
Sweet Justice, NBC, 1994
Bill Kelton, "Dead Drunk," The Commish, ABC, 1994
"Ghosts of War," Robocop, 1994
Jerome Kamen, "Guardian," Law & Order, NBC, 1995
Ben Fletcher, "Who Killed the Motor Car Maverick?," Burke'sLaw, CBS, 1995
Preston Lodge II, "The Tempest," Dr. Quinn, Medicine Woman, CBS, 1996
Judge Neil MacGruder, "Power Corrupts," Profiler, NBC, 1997
Frank Burnett, JAG, CBS, 1997
Bell's father, Rescue 77, The WB, 1999
Cox, Walker, Texas Ranger, CBS, 1999
Voice of Spellbinder, "Spellbound," Batman Beyond (animated), TheWB, 1999
Voice of Spellbinder, "Hooked Up," Batman Beyond (animated), The WB, 1999
Voice of Spellbinder, "Eyewitness," Batman Beyond (animated), TheWB, 2000
Arlen Graham, "Surrender Dorothy," Law & Order, NBC, 2000
Stage Appearances
The Disenchanted, Broadway production, 1958
Dr. Carrasco, Man of La Mancha, ANTA Washington Square Theatre, New York City, 1965
Bert Jefferson, Sherry!, Alvin Theatre, New York City, 1967
District Attorney Klossowski, The Great White Hope, Alvin Theatre,1968-69
Papa, Coco, Mark Hellinger Theatre, New York City, 1969-70
Edward Rutledge, 1776, 46th Street Theatre, New York City, 1969
Ray Schaeffer, Prettybelle, Shubert Theatre, Boston, MA, 1971
Julian Marsh, Forty-Second Street, Shubert Theatre, 1984
Appeared in The Night of the Iguana, Broadway production; in The Wives, Broadway production; in The Great Western Union, Broadwayproductions; in Jennie; as Peron, Evita; as Julian Marsh, 42nd Street, Los Angeles, CA; as Sweeney, Sweeney Todd; and as Fagin, Oliver!
Major Tours
Thomas Jefferson, 1776, U.S. cities, 1970
Bill Sykes, Oliver!, U.S. cities, 1973
Juan Peron, Evita, U.S. cities, 1980 | |||||||
10432 | yago | 2 | 5 | https://m.facebook.com/groups/joncypherappreciationgroup/posts/650764051636867/ | en | Facebook | [] | [] | [] | [
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10432 | yago | 0 | 36 | https://www.coursicle.com/penn/professors/ | en | Coursicle – Chat with classmates | [] | [] | [] | [
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] | null | [] | null | Chat with other students in your classes, plan your schedule, and get notified when classes have open seats. | /homepage/img/coursicleCLogoMedium.png | null | You don't smell human...
Want direct access to our course data? . | ||||||
10432 | yago | 3 | 0 | https://joncypher.org/category/jon-cypher/carol-rosin/ | en | Bot Verification | [] | [] | [] | [
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10432 | yago | 1 | 2 | https://www.imdb.com/name/nm3978960/bio/ | en | Carol Rosin | [
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10432 | yago | 2 | 9 | https://www.imdb.com/list/ls093857988/ | en | Masters of the Universe 1987 premiere | [
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] | null | [] | null | Thursday February 12th, Radio City Music Hall 1260 6th Ave, New York, NY 10020 | en | IMDb | https://www.imdb.com/list/ls093857988/ | Dolph Lundgren was born as Hans Lundgren in Stockholm, Sweden, to Sigrid Birgitta (Tjerneld), a language teacher, and Karl Johan Hugo Lundgren, an engineer and economist for the Swedish government. He lived in Stockholm until the age of 13, when he moved in with his grandparents in Nyland, Ångermanland, Sweden. Despite an early interest in music and the fine arts, Dolph decided to follow in his father's footsteps and pursue an Engineering degree. After having completed his military service, he enrolled at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm.
It was in the military when Dolph first came in contact with the martial arts. Five years later, he had become a world-class competitor in Japanese Karate and was deeply involved with a discipline that was to become an important part of his life. After graduating High School, Dolph spent considerable time studying in the United States and abroad on various academic scholarships. He attended Washington State University and Clemson University in South Carolina. In 1982, he received a scholarship to complete his Masters Degree in Chemical Engineering at the University of Sydney, Australia. In 1983, he was awarded a Fulbright scholarship to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Boston, one of the world's top engineering schools.
However, that same year, he decided to move to New York City and take up acting. He changed his forename to Dolph. He started studying drama at the Warren Robertson Theatre Workshop in Manhattan, not knowing how quickly his life was about to change. His film debut came in Im Angesicht des Todes (1985). However, it was his performance in Rocky IV - Der Kampf des Jahrhunderts (1985) later that year that definitely got him noticed. After a 9-month audition process among 5,000 hopefuls, he was cast opposite writer-director Sylvester Stallone, as his Russian opponent, "Ivan Drago". Following the success of Rocky IV - Der Kampf des Jahrhunderts (1985), Lundgren moved to Los Angeles and has since starred in more than 30 feature films.
Lundgren portrayed the classic action-heroic lead in such films as Gary Goddard's Masters of the Universe (1987), Showdown in Little Tokyo (1991) co-starring Brandon Lee and Blackjack - Der Bodyguard (1998), by Hong-Kong action legend, John Woo. Lundgren has also continued to turning in memorable performances as the main adversary to other action-stars, most notably in Universal Soldier (1992) opposite Jean-Claude Van Damme, directed by Roland Emmerich, as well as Robert Longo's Vernetzt - Johnny Mnemonic (1995) opposite Keanu Reeves. In February 2004, Lundgren directed his first feature film, the thriller The Defender (2004), in which he also starred. In 2005, he directed and starred in yet another feature, The Mechanik (2005) (a.k.a "The Mechanik").
In January 2006, he finished principal photography of Das Ende der Götter (2006), a joint Italian/American/Spanish co-production, directed by Giulio Base, appearing opposite, among others, Daniele Liotti, Max von Sydow and F. Murray Abraham. In 2006, Lundgren starred in Diamond Dogs (2007), a Chinese/American co-production filmed on location in Mongolia. In 2007, he directed a modern day western shot in Texas, Missionary Man (2007). In 2009, he completed two new directorial efforts, the action-packed Command Performance (2009), which showcases Lundgren's longtime musical talents as a drummer; and the neo-noir thriller KGB - Killer, Gejagter, Beschützer (2010). Lundgren also reunited with co-stars Jean-Claude Van Damme and Sylvester Stallone for Universal Soldier: Regeneration (2009) and the highly anticipated action blockbuster, The Expendables (2010).
Lundgren managed to not let his Hollywood career stand in the way of his athletic background. He has been awarded his Third Degree Black Belt by the World Karate Organization in Tokyo. His accomplishments include being the Captain of the Swedish National Karate Team, as well as a Champion of the Swedish, European and Australian Heavyweight Division titles. Lundgren still regularly performs Karate exhibitions at international tournaments worldwide. In addition, he was selected by the U.S. Olympic Committee to serve as Team Leader of the 1996 U.S. Olympic Pentathlon Team during the Atlanta Games. He is actively involved in promoting the image of this sport. His production company, Thor Pictures, is developing several projects in which he will produce, star and/or direct. He is also a founding member of "Group of Eight", a New York theater group started in 1994.
Lundgren has reportedly been working on a fitness book and sports wear line for men, the creation and launch of a new eponymous brand, a licensing, media and publishing program, and the development of future entertainment and media projects. Lundgren was married to Anette Qviberg-Lundgren, an interior decorator and fashion designer, until their divorce in 2011. They had two daughters together.
Courteney Cox was born on June 15th, 1964 in Birmingham, Alabama, into an affluent Southern family. She is the daughter of Courteney (Bass) and Richard Lewis Cox (1930-2001), a businessman. She was the baby of the family with two older sisters (Virginia and Dottie) and an older brother, Richard, Jr. She was raised in an exclusive society town, Mountain Brook, Alabama. Courteney was the archetypal daddy's girl, and therefore was understandably devastated when, in 1974, her parents divorced, and her father moved to Florida.
She became a rebellious teen, and did not make things easy for her mother, and new stepfather, New York businessman Hunter Copeland. Now, she is great friends with both. She attended Mountain Brook High School, where she was a cheerleader, tennis player and swimmer. In her final year, she received her first taste of modeling. She appeared in an advert for the store, Parisians. Upon graduation, she left Alabama to study architecture and interior design at Mount Vernon College. After one year she dropped out to a pursue a modeling career in New York, after being signed by the prestigious Ford Modelling Agency. She appeared on the covers of teen magazines such as Tiger Beat and Little Miss, plus numerous romance novels. She then moved on to commercials for Maybeline, Noxema, New York Telephone Company and Tampax.
While modeling, she attended acting classes, as her real dream and ambition was to be an actress. In 1984, she landed herself a small part in one episode of Jung und Leidenschaftlich - Wie das Leben so spielt (1956) as a young débutante named Bunny. Her first big break, however, was being cast by Brian De Palma in the Bruce Springsteen video "Dancing in The Dark". In 1985, she moved to LA to star alongside Dean Paul Martin in Die Spezialisten unterwegs (1985). It was a flop, but a few years later, she was chosen out of thousands of hopefuls to play Michael J. Fox's girlfriend, psychology major Lauren Miller in Familienbande (1982).
In 1989, Familienbande (1982) ended, and Cox went through a lean spell in her career, featuring in unmemorable movies such as Mr. Destiny (1990) with Michael Caine. Fortunes changed dramatically for Cox, when in 1994, she starred alongside Jim Carrey in the unexpected hit Ace Ventura - Ein tierischer Detektiv (1994), and a year later she was cast as Monica Geller on the hugely successful sitcom Friends (1994). It was this part that turned her into an international superstar and led to an American Comedy Award nomination. In 1996 Cox starred in Wes Craven's horror/comedy Scream - Schrei! (1996) . This movie grossed over $100 million at the box office, and won Cox rave reviews for her standout performance as the wickedly bitchy and smug TV reporter Gale Weathers. She went on to play this character again in each of the three sequels. Not only did her involvement in this movie lead to critical acclaim, but it also led to her meeting actor husband David Arquette. He played her on-screen love interest Dewey, and life imitated art as the two fell in love for real. Their wedding took place in San Francisco, at the historic Grace Cathedral atop Nob Hill, on June 12th, 1999. Joined by 200 guests, including Cox's film star friends Liam Neeson and Kevin Spacey, the happy couple finally became Mr. and Mrs. Arquette.
Hailing from an English theatrical family, Christina Pickles is a beloved stage-trained actress who has enjoyed a rich and varied career that has allowed her to show her incredible range and great depth of character in her performances. She sets the bar for all at an entirely new height with this year's "Outstanding Actress, Short Form, Comedy or Drama, Short Form" for her critically lauded performance in "Break a Hip" earning a remarkable seventh Emmy nomination for a superior performance. Earlier, Christina earned an Emmy nod for her hilarious role on "Friends" as 'Ross' and 'Monica Geller's' mom adding to five nominations for her historic role on precedent-setting "St. Elsewhere."
Probably best known for her portrayal of "Nurse Helen Rosenthal" on the NBC hit hospital drama "St. Elsewhere" and "Judy Geller," the dysfunctional mother of Monica (Courtney Cox) and Ross (David Schwimmer), on the NBC smash comedy hit "Friends," Christina was Emmy-nominated five times for "St. Elsewhere" and once for her indelible role on "Friends."
Christina just added her seventh Emmy nomination this summer for her hilarious and touching performance as "Biz" in the short-form comedy series "Break A Hip." Guest stars and riveting performances surround her indelible character including those from Oscar winners Allison Janey, Octavia Spencer and Jim Rash as well as a laugh-out-loud turn from Peri Giipin. It was Christina five years ago that learned about the infectious storyline of "Break A Hip" and its protagonist, 'Biz,' insisting producer/director Cameron Watson turn this into the Short Form hit series you see today. It's the best in its space at a time when all of us are living longer and know a 'Biz' in our lives.
Christina trained at The Royal Academy of Dramatic Art in London before moving to New York where she was a member of The APA Repertory Company and enjoyed a luminous career starring on and Off-Broadway. After moving to Los Angeles for "St. Elsewhere," she worked consistently in film and television establishing herself as a versatile actress able to perform both comedy and drama deftly. Film credits include "The Wedding Singer," Baz Luhrmann's "Romeo + Juliet," "Grace of My Heart," and "Legends of the Fall." As a voice-over artist, Christina can be heard in classic episodes of "The Family Guy" and as the spokesperson for Pavilions supermarket.
Blue-eyed brunette Meg Foster was born in Reading, Pennsylvania on May 10, 1948 to David and Nancy. She has four siblings and grew up in Rowayton, Connecticut. Foster studied acting at New York's Neighborhood Playhouse.
Foster's first role came about in 1969, when she appeared in an episode of NET Playhouse (1964). Throughout the '70s, she guest starred in numerous TV shows including Barnaby Jones (1973), Der Sechs-Millionen-Dollar-Mann (1974), and Hawaii Fünf-Null (1968), and played Hester Prynne, a young woman who has an affair with a pastor, in the miniseries Der scharlachrote Buchstabe (1979). Foster did not really come to attention until 1982, though, when she replaced Loretta Swit as Christine Cagney in Cagney & Lacey (1981); she herself was later replaced by Sharon Gless (CBS reportedly wanted a more "feminine" actress playing the role of the detective).
Foster began to appear in more movies throughout the late '80s, primarily Masters of the Universe (1987), in which she played the nefarious Evil-Lyn. Other notable films include the satirical science fiction flick John Carpenter's Sie leben (1988), the horror sequel Stepfather II (1989), and the comedic martial arts movie Blinde Wut (1989) (Terry O'Quinn also appeared in the latter two).
Foster continued to work prolifically throughout the '90s, mostly appearing in science fiction films. She also guest starred in many popular television shows such as Zurück in die Vergangenheit (1989), Emergency Room: Die Notaufnahme (1994), Star Trek: Deep Space Nine (1993), Mord ist ihr Hobby (1984), and Sliders - Das Tor in eine fremde Dimension (1995).
After appearing in a 2000 episode of Xena: Die Kriegerprinzessin (1995), Foster took a decade-long break from the acting industry. She returned in 2011 with roles in indie flicks Das Herz eines Helden (2011) and Sebastian (2011), and had a villainous role as a revenge-seeking witch in Rob Zombie's '70s-esque horror movie The Lords of Salem (2012). Additionally, Foster appeared in the TV show The Originals (2013), as well as Pretty Little Liars (2010) and its short-lived spin-off Ravenswood (2013). She re-teamed with Rob Zombie in 2016 for his horror film 31 (2016), in which Foster plays a kidnapped carnival worker.
Foster has a son, Christopher, with Ron Starr. At one point, she was married to actor Stephen McHattie.
Chelsea Field is an American actress from Glendale, California. Her first major role in film was playing the warrior woman Teela in the cult superhero film "Masters of the Universe" (1987). The film was the first live-action adaptation of the " sword and planet" media franchise "Masters of the Universe" by Mattel, though its script reportedly drew inspiration from Jack Kirby's "Fourth World" comic book franchise. Later in her career, Field had the recurring role of assistant district attorney Rita Deveraux in the police procedural series "NCIS: New Orleans" (2014-2021). Her character was introduced in the series' 3rd season and kept appearing until its 7th and last season. Rita was the long-term girlfriend of the protagonist Dwayne Cassius Pride (played by Scott Bakula), and eventually married Dwayne.
Field's early film appearances included the horror films "Prison" (1987) and "Death Spa" (1989). Both films involved vengeful spirits who tormented both those who harmed them in life, and bystanders who happened to be in the vicinity of the intended victims. Field's first major television role was that of student nurse Samantha "Sam" Sullivan in the medical drama "Nightingales" (1989). The series was considered controversial at the time for focusing on the sex lives of student nurses, and caused protests by the American Nurses Association. The series was canceled after only 13 episodes, as the show's sponsors withdrew their funding. The series was later rebooted as "University Hospital" (1995), but Field was not involved in the reboot.
Field's next regular television role was that of the reporter Cassy Swann in "Capital News" (1990). The series focused on the staff of the fictional newspaper Washington Capital (a fictionalized depiction of the Washington Post). The series only lasted for a single season and 12 episodes. The series was broadcast in its entirety in several European countries, but only 3 of its episodes were ever broadcast in the United States.
Field played the motorcycle cop Virginia Slim in the neo-Western film "Harley Davidson and the Marlboro Man" (1991). The character was the ex-lover and main love interest for modern-day outlaw Robert Lee "Marlboro Man" Edison (played by Don Johnson). The film focused on bank robbers who targeted the armored cars of a specific bank, only to unwittingly discover that the bank was a front for a criminal organizations which manufactured and distributed experimental drugs. Their attempt to profit from their discovery led to a violent conflict.
Field played Sarah Hallenbeck in the action comedy "The Last Boy Scout" (1991). The character was depicted as the unfaithful wife of private investigator Joseph Cornelius "Joe" Hallenbeck (played by Bruce Willis), though the couple reconciled by the end of the film. In the film, Joe finds himself suspected of involvement in the murders of both his own business partner and the female client which Joe was tasked with protecting. While trying to clear his name, Joe discovers that he is about to be framed for the assassination of a corrupt U.S. senator. The senator happens to be an old personal enemy of Joe, but Joe finds himself obligated to prevent the assassination.
Field played Wendy Robinson, the female lead in the horror film "Dust Devil" (1992). In the film, Wendy travels in the deserts of Namibia, trying to escape her angry husband. She picks up a mysterious hitchhiker, who turns out to be a shape-shifting wind demon who was fleeing from the local authorities. After traveling together for a while, the demon turns against Wendy and she kills him. By the end of the film, Wendy is suspected to be the demon's latest host body. The film was shot entirely on location in Namibia, and was based on South African folklore about the supposed supernatural powers of the serial killer Nhadiep.
Field played the detective sergeant Peckham in the psychological thriller "Snapdragon" (1993). In the film, Peckham is trying to solve two recent murders and to determine whether the amnesiac woman Felicity (played by Pamela Anderson) is connected to the case. Felicity is unaware of her own identity, but has recurring nightmares of killing her lovers. The film is primary remembered as Anderson's feature film debut.
Field played the lead character of Rae Dawn Snow in the short-lived drama series "Angel Falls" (1993). In the series, single mother Snow moves back to her hometown with her adolescent son, after inheriting a pool hall from her recently deceased father. She starts an affair with the married rancher Eli Harrison (played by Brian Kerwin) , who was also her past lover. Snow's son starts an ill-advised romantic relationship with the promiscuous girl Brandi Dare (played by Marley Shelton ). The series only lasted for 6 episodes.
Field played Thalice Whitney in the comedy-drama film "Andre" (1994). The film centered on the Whitney family's struggle to protect their seal cub from local fishermen, while also dealing with the feelings of alienation of their adolescent daughter Paula Whitney (played by Aidan Pendleton). The film dramatized the early life of the famed harbor seal Andre the Seal (1961-1986), who had spend his entire life attached to human companions. The film cast a sea lion in the role of the seal.
Field played the role of the murder victim Karen Christianson in the thriller film "Wicked" (1998). In the film, Karen was trapped in an unhappy marriage with a workaholic, and had a difficult relationship with her adolescent daughter Ellie Christianson (played by Julia Stiles). During an intense argument over Ellie's excessive make-up, Ellie killed Karen in a fit of rage. Ellie proceeded to mostly replace Karen and to develop an unhealthy relationship with her own father. Ellie is eventually killed by her own sister Inger Christianson (played by Vanessa Zima) in a copycat murder. The implication being that both sisters had the same murderous tendencies.
Field was reduced to relatively minor supporting roles in the thriller film "The Unsaid" (2001) and the mystery film "Sleeping Dogs Lie" (2005), which were her first film roles after several years. In 2009, Field married her long-time boyfriend Scott Bakula, a fellow actor. The couple had been romantically involved since 1994, and they had two children.
By the early 2020s, Field primarily worked in television roles. Her role in "NCIS: New Orleans" was her only recurring role in recent years. Field remains a well-known face to fans of horror and thriller films, but she has not had any leading roles in the last couple of decades.
Yoram Globus is an Israeli film producer, cinema owner and distributor who is most famous for his association with Cannon Films Inc., a company he ran with his cousin Menahem Golan.
In 1978, Globus and Golan moved to Hollywood and purchased the film production company Cannon (The Cannon Group) for $500,000. By the mid-80s Cannon had produced an average of 40 films a year and had become the largest independent production company in the world with a net worth of over 1 billion dollars. Because of their fast, low-budget style of filmmaking, they earned the nickname "the Go-Go Boys." For years the name Golan-Globus symbolized Hollywood's last moguls and an inspiration corner stone to a new generation of film makers. In addition Golan and Globus opened the foreign market of the world film industry to the United States. Among the films produced by them are Bloodsport - Eine wahre Geschichte (1988) with Jean-Claude Van Damme, Superman IV - Die Welt am Abgrund (1987) with Christopher Reeve, King Lear (1987) directed by Jean-Luc Godard, Runaway Train (1985), Over the Top: Mein Daddy schlägt sie alle (1987) with Sylvester Stallone and Glitzernder Asphalt (1987) with Morgan Freeman. In addition, they acquired the rights to properties like "Spider-Man", Captain America (1990) and more.
With Cannon's success Golan and Globus expanded the group's operations and entered into additional areas. Cannon acquired approximately 1,600 cinemas in Europe and the United States (some of which were acquired in later years by Silvio Berlusconi, who later became prime minister of Italy) Studios, a, film library and additional acquisitions expanded the activities of the Cannon and established it as a leading conglomerate in the world film industry. During these years, Cannon sold their movies by a new strategy invented by Globus, the pre-sale strategy. Substantial pre-sales of the next years' films were made based on the strong salesmanship skills of Globus, and the advertising created by Design Projects. The deposits made from these sales financed production of the first film in the production line-up, which-when completed and delivered to theatre owners around the world-generated enough money to make the next film in the line-up. For this purposes Cannon used to create posters of movies, before they even had a script, and large billboards prominently displayed at the Cannes Film Festival each year.
In 1986, Cannon Films bought Thorn EMI Screen Entertainment (see EMI Films) and the film library for £175,000,000, and Cannon sold its British Film Library Thorn-EMI Screen Entertainment Library which consisted of some 2,000 British films to Weintraub Entertainment Group in for approximately $85,000,000.
In 1989, 39.4% of the shares were acquired by the group Pathé Communications, a holding company controlled by Italian businessman Giancarlo Parretti in the amount of about $250 million. At the same year, Golan, citing differences with both Parretti and Globus, resigned from his position and left Cannon to start 21st Century Film Corporation, while Globus remained with Pathé. Globus and Paretti took over in 1990 through Pathé Communications for the American film company MGM and Yoram Globus became president of MGM.
In 1993, after he produced almost 300 films, Globus returned to Israel and has since focused on Israeli film and television production. His company GG Studios owns a large film and television studio in Neve Ilan, Israel where various Israeli broadcast stations, such as the Israeli News Company. Among its holdings of Israel Yoram Globus, of the Globus Group that includes a private arm Globus that owns the largest TV and film studio (Neveh Ilan) and is responsible for a significant part of film distribution industry (Noah CPP). In addition, Globus holds a public arm Globus Max that owns theaters in Israel. In 1999, Yoram Globus won other Ophir Award for Lifetime Achievement by the Israeli Academy of Film and Television.
In 2014 there were two documentary films released about the story of Golan & Globus in Cannon Films. Ratpac Entertainment released Electric Boogaloo - Die unglaublich wilde Geschichte der verrücktesten Filmfirma der Welt (2014) and The Go-Go Boys: The Inside Story of Cannon Films (2014), which was launched at the 2014 Cannes Film Festival. | |||||
10432 | yago | 2 | 8 | https://www.facebook.com/groups/joncypherappreciationgroup/ | en | Facebook | https://static.xx.fbcdn.net/rsrc.php/yv/r/B8BxsscfVBr.ico | https://static.xx.fbcdn.net/rsrc.php/yv/r/B8BxsscfVBr.ico | [
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10432 | yago | 1 | 3 | https://www.famousbirthdays.com/people/jon-cypher.html | en | Jon Cypher - Age, Family, Bio | [
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] | null | [] | null | Jon Cypher: his birthday, what he did before fame, his family life, fun trivia facts, popularity rankings, and more. | en | /favicon.ico | Famous Birthdays | https://www.famousbirthdays.com/people/jon-cypher.html | About
American actor who has appeared in Masters of the Universe, Walker, Texas Ranger, and JAG. He has also appeared in stage plays such as Tennessee Williams' The Night of the Iguana and Man of La Mancha.
Before Fame
He received a master's degree in marriage and family counseling from the University of Vermont.
Trivia
His first movie appearance was as the villain Frank Tanner in the 1971 western Valdez Is Coming.
Family Life
He married Carol Rosin after divorcing his first wife, Ruth Wagner, in 1975.
Associated With | ||||
10432 | yago | 3 | 19 | https://www.city-data.com/jackson-county-or/M/Morton-Street-4.html | en | Property valuation of Morton Street, Ashland, OR: 340 (BETSY T WESSLER TRUSTEE & BETSY T REVISED REV LIV WESSLER TRUST), 351 (JON CYPHER TRUSTEE & CAROL SUE ROSIN TRUSTEE & JON AND CAROL ROSIN REV LIV | [
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10432 | yago | 1 | 16 | https://radaris.com/p/Carol/Rosin/ | en | Carol Rosin - Age, Phone Number, Address, Contact Info, Public Records | https://radaris.com/favicon.ico | https://radaris.com/favicon.ico | [
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] | null | [] | null | We found 22 Carol Rosin's profiles > Get contact information, phone numbers, home addresses, age, background check, photos, and other public records [Updated: Jan 10, 2024]. | en | /img/favicons/apple-touch-icon.png | https://radaris.com/p/Carol/Rosin/ | What is Carol Rosin's address?
Carol Rosin's address is 19340 Prospect Rd, Strongsville, OH 44149.
What is Carol Rosin's phone number?
Carol Rosin's phone number is (440) 238-****.
How old is Carol Rosin?
Carol Rosin's is 60 years old.
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Carol Rosin's email address is dsro***@att.net. We have 4 additional emails on file for Carol
Is Carol Rosin married?
We have marriage records for 8 people named Carol Rosin.
What is Carol Rosin's date of birth?
Carol Rosin was born on 1964.
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You can find arrest records for Carol Rosin in our background checks if they exist.
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10432 | yago | 2 | 38 | http://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/eebo/A33754.0001.001/63:7%3Fvid%3D100599 | en | Library Authentication Results | [] | [] | [] | [
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10432 | yago | 3 | 74 | https://www.heraldtribune.com/story/news/2003/03/18/june-july-2002/28743674007/ | en | June - July 2002 | [] | [] | [] | [
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"Staff , Sarasota Herald-Tribune"
] | 2003-03-18T00:00:00 | Bowyer, Kevin W., to Charles E. III and Kim K. Githler, Unit 202, Gulf Beach Condominium Hotel, $115,800. \n Deloach, Walter W. and Mary E., to T and I Management Group LLC, Lots 19, 21, 22, 23, 24, 2… | en | Sarasota Herald-Tribune | https://www.heraldtribune.com/story/news/2003/03/18/june-july-2002/28743674007/ | Bowyer, Kevin W., to Charles E. III and Kim K. Githler, Unit 202, Gulf Beach Condominium Hotel, $115,800.
Deloach, Walter W. and Mary E., to T and I Management Group LLC, Lots 19, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, Block D, Highland Crest, $300,000.
Deloach Plastics Inc. to T and I Management Group LLC, Lots 18, 19, 20, Block D, Highland Crest, $175,000.
Wolfzorn, Eugene Edward and Mary Ann, individuals and trustees, to Charles S. and Janette L. Binkkowski, Unit 7126, Phase 1, Tallywood Condominium, $92,000.
Herman, F. Donald and Nancy Ann, trustees, to Edward W. and Barbara J. Thompson, Unit 11, Pahse III, Villa La Grand, Condominium, $110,000.
McKillop, Patricia, to John B. and Denise R. McKesson, Lot 17490-17494, South Venice, Unit 65, $159,900.
Wesling, Eugene E. and Catherine E., to Thomas M. Poaps, Lot 1809, Sarasota Springs, Unit 15, $109,000.
Lee Wetherington Homes Inc. to Soordal and Shanthi Prakash, Lot 115, Huntington Pointe, Unit 2, $239,900.
Chown, Thomas A. and Barbara A., to Anthony C. and Janine Limoncelli, Portion of Section 27, Township 40s, Range 19e, $450,000.
Sheehan, James G., and Mounce, Howard Lee, to Barry F. Spivey, and Tami F. Conetta, Lot 7, Beneva Woods Subdivision, $275,000.
Steele, Jeffrey Lynn and Philippa A., to Troy J. and Paula I. Ockerman, Lot 28, Amberlea, $372,500.
Joyce, Dawn M., and Olson, Lynn, to June L. Levi, Lot 43, Center Gate Woods, Unit 1, $179,900.
Horton, Mark Elliott and Laura J., to Bruce E. and Stacy A. Trudelle, Lot 573, Lake Sarasota, Unit 7, $127,000.
Westfield Homes of Florida Inc. to Peter Wolff, trustee, Lot 12, Block D, Villa Rosa, Unit 1, Subdivision, $221,900.
Snyder, Larry D. and Melynda B., to Robert L. Beller, Lot 884, Lake Sarasota, Unit 10, $106,900.
Lee Wetherington Homes Inc. to Sara E. Rambo, Lot 25, Emerald Woods at Oaks III, Phase 2, Subdivision, $292,400.
Medallion Homes Gulf Coast Inc. to Jon P. and Ann L. Nathan, Lot 61, Palmer Glen, Phase 1, $280,600.
Kronschnabl, George and Elfriede, to John P. Lolli, Unit 16, Village Lake, Condominium, $106,000.
Merz, Max S. Jr., to Richard A. and Martha Kammire Gerrity, Unit 53, Phase I, Village Gardens Condominium, $90,000.
Disseldorf, Alaine and Christiane and Jeanne, and Badot, Bernard and Danielle, and Michel, Patrick and Philippe and Dominique and Robert, to Michael and Nancy Layton, trustees, Unit 218, The Plaza Gardens, Condominium, $76,000.
Zepelak, Stanley L., to Evelyn M. Butler, Unit 203, The Terrace East Condominium, $220,000.
Laekwood Ranch Corporate Park Inc. to Center For Faith and Freedom Inc., Lot 10, Lakewood Ranch Corporate Park, Unit 2, Phase II, $135,900.
King, Arlene P. and Linda C., to Danny and Lenka Hochmann, Lots 1, 3, Block 19, Flora Villa, $116,500.
Paul, Thomas D. and Lisa A., to Majid F. and Anwar Ajib, Lot 26, Block E, Clark Meadows, $118,500.
Dewitz, Nancy M., to Michele L. Gagen, Unit 911, Forest Pines, Section 9, Condominium, $107,000.
Newland, Barbara A., to Greider and Witmer Associates Inc., Lot 5, Block 13, Tamaron Subdivision, Unit 4, $165,000.
Stocke, Ann Williams, to Mary A. Ames, Lot 23, Bishopscourt at the Oaks Preserve, $400,000.
Peney, William R., to Jill E. Wenning, Lot 264, Pelican Pointe Golf and Country Club, Unit 6, $251,000.
Seaver, Peter R. and Elizabeth M., to Mel P. and Sara P. Melshlimer, Lot 7, Boca Royale, Unit 6, Phase 1-A, $130,000.
Wagner, Ruth V., to Gary W. and Kathryn Usher, Unit 325, Building D, Bella Costa 2 Condominium, $190,000.
McCain, William Y., and Lee, Andrea L., to Thomas J. and Judy A. Krause, Lot 105, Block F, Nokomis, $125,000.
Lightner, Jeffrey L. and Kristine L., and Montgomery, James M. and Linda K., to David E. and Joyce M. McDonald, Lots 11423, 11424, 11425, South Venice, Unit 43, $111,500.
Ryan, Teresa J., and Smalllridge, Catherine Ann, to William K. Pearce, trustee, Lot 246, The Villas of Chestnut Creek, Unit 1, $120,000.
Acorn Management LLC to Melba R. Talbot, Lots 6, 5, Block B, North Vamo Subdivision, Plat 1, $127,000.
Greco, Joseph F. Jr., to James F. and Lori J. Malea Rich, Lot 72, Laurel Landings Estates, $280,000.
Elizalde, Raul H. and Alison H., to Larry Soden, and Janice Buchser, Unit 410, Building C, Siesta Sands Resort Condominium, $365,000.
Lengacher, Julie K., and Jon Henri and Cecile Annette, to Randall J. and Flora R. Kirwan, Unit 58, Somerset Condominium, $127,000.
Platt, Craig H. and Lisa R., to Elisco and Luz Arreguin, Lot 652, Desoto Lakes, Unit II, $127,900.
Stone, Howard W., individual and as personal representative, to Allan D. and Kimberly D. Kollar, Lot 5, Block G, Corrected and Amended Plat of Revised East Gate Terrace Subdivision, $88,000.
Acorn Management LLC to Melba R. Talbot, Lots 4, 5, Block B, North Vamo Subdivision, Plat 1, $127,000.
Kensinger, Constance A., trustee, to Gregory A. Ottaway, Portion of Lots 403, 404, Venice Gardens, Unit 6, $132,500.
Pesut, Daniel S. and Sharon A., to Irene M. Brunn, Lot 89, Quail Lake, $250,000.
Kopak, Albert M. and Judy E., to William R. Argue, Unit 514, Building 5, Midnight Cove II, Phase I, Condominium, $289,000.
Ross, Thomas A. and Virginia M., to Ancil E. III and Patricia A. Wilson, Lots 8325, 8326, South Venice, Unit 30, $135,000.
Pickles, Andrew R., to Matthew Ian Schroeder, Lot 4, Block E, South Highlands, $119,900.
Dudeck, Ralph F. Jr. and Barbara B., to Dr. Juergen Laaadendorf, and Cecily Sharp-Whitehill, Lot 227, Oaks II, Phase II, $1,195,000.
Haney Developers Inc. to David N. Dolnick, Lot 18, Kensington Oaks, $151,900.
Vasas, John A. and Darleen, to Sturgis A. and Madeleine Sobin, Lot 25, Pelican Pointe Golf and Country Club, Unit 7, $228,000.
Gruhler, Eugene A., individual and trustee, and Grettenberger, Diane, individual and trustee, to Joshua A. Beckmann, and Jack Collins Jr., Portion of Lot 6, Sunset Bay, $420,000.
Chamberlain, Charlotte A., individual and trustee, to Joshua A. Beckmann, and Jack Collins Jr., Portion of Lot 6, Sunset Bay, $210,000.
Hogan, Michael P. and Deborah W., to Diane Sheldon, Lot 26, Block 36, Replat Unit 14, Gulf Gate Subdivision, $165,000.
Risser, Queenie E., trustee and individual, to John V. and Jo Ann Turner, Lot 49, Crystal Lakes, $178,000.
Severn, Eric, to Kenneth C. Webber, Lots 1, 3, Graham Heights Subdivision, $225,000.
Rychick, Edward T. and Nancy P., and Miller, William T. and Roberta E., and Corvala, Joseph M. and Rebecca L., to William and Janice Salisbury, Unit 236, Sea Horse Beach Resort Condominium, $185,000.
Witzer, Stephen A., trustee, to Gregg and Dale Ann Clancy Fagan, Lot 15, Block 7, Hudson Bayou Addition to The Town of Sarasota, $170,000.
Wiedemann, Margot, to Dakkak LLC, Units A, B, C, D, Building M, and Unit D, Building L, Florida Palms II Condominium, $275,000.
Huebner, Kenneth L. and Karen L., to John M. and Deborah A. Sheik, Lot 3, Block D, Pine Lake Development, $130,000.
Divosta and Company Inc. to Phillips W. Jr. and Manbel S. Goodell, Lot 209, Villagewalk, Unit 1B, $271,200.
A. N. Inc. to David E. and Sigrid E. Knuti, Unit G1-103-C, Seaplace I Condominium, $314,900.
Soave, Anthony L. and Darlene D., to Thomas V. Thomas, trustee, and Paula L. Thomas, trustee, Unit Ph02, The Water Club I At Longboat Key Condominium, $2,550,000.
Rampart Homes Inc. to Matthew C. and Danielle C. Loomis, Lot 71, Rivendell, Unit 1, $183,000.
Brokers Exchange of KY Inc. to Eddie S. and Gienna Jo Deskins, Unit 245, The Diplomat Condominium, $122,000.
Berkery, Joan, individual and trustee, to Thomas J. and Kathleen Teresa McCrystal, Lot 37, Petrecca Terrace, $150,000.
Malgioglio, Salvatore and Evangeline M.R., to Charles M. Fitzgerald, and Joel F. Scott, Unit 3221-101, Village Brooke Condominium II, $85,000.
Dooley, Dwight R. and Linda S., to Henry Astroff, and Linda Pinchiaroli, Lot 40, Laurel Oak Estates, Section 1, $655,000.
Robinson, Stephen M. and Vivian B., to Evelyn J. Stewart, Lot 45, Country Wood Estates, Unit II, $204,000.
Fairchild, Thomas, trustee and individual, to James P. and Dana D. Judge, Unit 208, Sunrise Cove Condominium, Section 2, $290,000.
Sarasota Renaissance II to Massoud J. and Mavash Eshaghian, Unit 1118, Renaissance I Condominium, $305,000.
Renno, Tom and Jean, to Renee B. Yoder, Lot 11, Block B, Carlentini, $145,500.
Bernier, Joseph C., to Balkissoon J. Seunarine, Lot 83, Ridgewood Estates, $141,000.
Ostrow, Todd D. and Judith L., to John D. and Monica M. Kennedy, Lot 87, Lakes Estates III of Sarasota, $355,000.
Aiello, Jerry and Josephine and Paula, to Thomas D. and Carolyn F. Polkman, Lot 6, Parcel E-1, Turtle Rock, Unit 3, $305,000.
HUD to Christopher D. and Julie Hynes, Lot 91, Sunset Beach, Unit 1, $89,300.
Williams, Carol D., to Anthony D. Stelmach, and Caroline D. Baggett, Lot 12, Block 3, Venetian Gardens, $97,000.
Telinger, Richard W., to Steven D. and Elizabeth K. French, Lot 20, Block D, Coffman Manor, $90,000.
Carr, William R. and Christina J., to Thomas G. Damratoski, Portion of Lots 16, 17, Block B, Morton Terrace, $445,000.
Slosek, Daniel J., and Ruble, Carol J., to Michael T. and Gerry Antonetti, Portion of Lot 11, Webers Subdivision, $203,900.
Ellis, Stanley M. Jr. and Renee S., to Wesley P. and Sherry L. McCotter, Lot 4, Block G, Old Grove at Greenfield Plantation, Phase II, $211,000.
Flagg, Gene and Gloria, to William G. and M. Michelle Galbreath, Lot 10, Block D, Revised Plat of Oak Park, $107,500.
Kanable, James R., to Ronald C. and Susan M. Freedman, Unit 59, Heronmere Condominium, $94,000.
Croom, Joseph Michael and Amy Faye, to J. Clarke Britnell, Lots 20, 21, 22, Block 14, Plat of Nokomis, $102,000.
Gancitano, Anthony R. Jr. and Karen M., to Bruno and Wendy Biasetto, Lot 56, Emerald Gardens, $215,000.
Perkins, Peter R. and Genevieve C., to George Ferreira, Lot 19, Parcel A-1, Turtle Rock, Unit 1, $339,000.
Hershberger, Elmer L. and Beverly L., to James E. Perron, Lots 10, 12, Block K, Ridgewood Subdivision, $162,800.
Becker, Marilyn and Marquett and Brett, to Tina Lukkarinen, Lot 7, Block 17, Sarasota Beach Subdivision, $350,000.
Knox, Margaret Raven Ginns and James Jr., to Richard F. and Mary Jo Reston, Lot 12, Block B, Harmony Subdivision, $972,500.
Mitchell, Carol Lynn, to Laura L. Betshline, and Anson Shaw, Lot 1950, Kensington Park, Unit 9, $105,500.
McWethy, Robert Wayne and Yuriko M., to Franklin I. and Denise G. Popper, Lots 11, 12, Block G, Ringling Boulevard Subdivision, $100,000.
Provident Bank, trustee, to Ruth C. Golov, Unit 408, Bay Plaza Condominium, $550,000.
Gottfried, Mariloys, to Nicholas G. and Marilyn M. Saris, Unit 53, Building 11, The Gardens Condominium, $78,000.
Kraus, Galina, to Robert J. and Sharon P. Miller, Unit 179, Treehouse 14, Pelican Cove Condominium X, $185,000.
Vecchio, Tony Z., and Powers, Nina J., to Laurie Rosin, Lot 34, Paver Park Estates Subdivision, $98,500.
Sarfaty, Jane, to Patrick David Jones, and Joan Jones, Unit 726, Pinestone at Palmer Ranch 7, Condominium, $179,900.
Meyer, Susan Jo and William R., to Helene M. Hyland, Lot 9, Waterside South Siesta's Bayside Subdivision, $395,000.
Patterson, James Conn and Marjorie Doreen, to Mario and Maria Padierne, and Elisha Kateri Padiereene Aviles, Lot 23, Block 1, Tamaron, Unit 5, $146,500.
Meister, James W., trustee, to Dolores I. Forsyth, Lot 12, Deer Creek, Unit 2, $360,000.
Millar, Glenn A. and Cynthia A., to Lawrence R. Laplaca, Lot 547, Lake Sarasota, Unit 7, $134,000.
Schaller, Glenn M. and Susan Lee, to Ritchard S. Lewis, Unit 7, Crystal Sands Condominium, Section 1, $415,000.
Gannon, Edward T., and Smith, William B. and Kathleen, to Michael T. and Mariella Williams, Lot 193, Myakka Valley Ranches, Unit 4, $210,000.
Jekic, Borivj B. and Sophia C., to Phillip T. and Susan C. Long, Lots 11533, 11534, South Venice, Unit 43, $108,000.
Anderson, Marvin L. and Ralph G., to Dale A. and Nancy M. Galvin, Lot 67, Plat of Englewood, $90,000.
Gosnell, Susan M., individual and trustee, to Suzanne E. Stevens, Lot 1, Block G, Pine Lake Development, $190,000.
Fischer, Martha E. and Alexandra Ellyn and Quinn Rolli, to Rajai Odeh, Lot 36, River Forest, $140,000.
Shaw, Robert E. and Sylvia S., to Bruce and Esther Crum, and Linda Skutka, Lot 23, Block B, Carlentini Subdivision, $135,000.
Brackett, Alice Gail, to Terry L. and Carol A. Crews, Lot 860, Lake Sarasota, Unit 10, $120,000.
Ford, Michael R., to Jeffrey C. Anglin, Lot 13, Block B, Floyd and Cameron's Re-Sub, $210,000.
Suarez, Maria G., to Beverly Paulson, Lot 4, Block 5, Golden Beach Subdivision, $426,000.
Merrington, Alan S. and Lynne, to Harry K. Rosenblum, Lot 3, Lincoln Park On Hudson Bayou, $975,000.
Sindelar, Robert J., to Michael and Darlene Lucas, Portion of Lot 7, Block 36, Portion of Lot 8, Block 36, Plat of Manasota, $128,400.
Gilbert, Diane C., and Wallace, Preston R., and Smith, Deborah J., to Herman E. and Maria G. Jachne, Lot 1379, Venice Gardens, Unit 25, $80,000.
Harrington, Eileen C., to Alex and Svetlana Shulman, Lot 94, Desoto Pines, Unit 2, $309,300.
Keefer, Robert J. and Winifred D., individuals and trustees, to Ted A. and Sandra S. Shields, and Billy J. and Helen L. Roberts, Lot 7, Block 84, Gulf Gate Woods, Unit 2, $260,000.
Arendt, Elizabeth, to Jerome and Debra Cammarata, Arthur and Denise Rostel, Unit 706, Sunset Towers Condominium, $160,000.
Loudenslager, Mary K., to Steven D. Fasano, Unit 2, Hudson Oaks Condominium, $160,000.
Novello, Ruth K., to William L. and Sandra G. Underhill, Lot 53, Block A, Sorrento Woods, Unit 2, $260,000.
Weaver, Janet D. and Mark D., to Harry Renner IV, and Roland F. and Dulcy Kushmore, Lot 18, Cathedral Oaks Estates Subdivision, $222,500.
Webb, Warren W. and Lesley H., to Robert C. and Tammy L. Faro, Lots 775, 776, South Venice Subdivision, Unit 3, $107,500.
The Ryland Group Inc. to Joaquin F. Mendez, and Daryl Zachgo-Mendez, Lot 293, Heron Creek, Unit 3, $245,900.
The Ryland Group Inc. to Wendy Whitney, Lot 503, Pelican Point Golf and County Club, Unit 8, $147,900.
The Ryland Group Inc. to Angela F. Phillips, trustee, Lot 504, Pelican Point Golf and County Club, Unit 8, $152,800.
The Ryland Group Inc. to Jon F. McDonald, Lot 501, Pelican Point Golf and County Club, Unit 8, $171,700.
The Ryland Group Inc. to Robert R. and Vicki S. Kelley, Lot 502, Pelican Point Golf and County Club, Unit 8, $153,300.
Dyson, Maureen E., individual and trustee, and Ian, to Bruce and Sharon Matthews, Lot 116, Stoneybrook Golf and Country Club, Unit 3, $399,800.
Lynch, Dean, individual and as personal representative, to Brenda Hughes, Lot 27, Block 3, Pinebrook South, Unit H, $152,700.
Smolik, Jiri and Vladimira, to Helen M. Parks, Lots 3501, 3502, 3503, South Venice, Unit 12, $90,000.
Huffman, Craig W. and Debra S., to Christopher I. and Toni A. Gilray, Lot 1395, Venice Gardens, Unit 25, $116,000.
Grace, Joseph J., to Timothy and Hilary Kopcinski, Lots 4287, 4288, South Venice, Unit 16, $125,500.
Sullivan, Ellsworth and George, to Tawanna Hardenbrook, Lot 12, Block C, Country Club Estates, Unit 2, $140,000.
Eagan, Ilse, individual and trustee, to Richard J. and Sandra S. Lange, Lot 25, Block II, Pinebrook South, Unit III, $164,000.
Shea, Timothy and Margaret, to Teresa J. Ryan, Unit 420, Harbor Isles Condominium, Section IV, $105,000.
Lennar Homes Inc. to David A. and Virginia W. Winkelman, Lot 35, Barton Farms, Unit 1, $324,100.
O'Donnell, James P. and Cheryl A., to Mike Cannello, Lot 25, Waterfront Estates Subdivision, $255,000.
Lennar Homes Inc. to Richard D. and Beth A. Wilson, Lot 74, Barton Farms, Unit 1, $390,100.
Calonge, Bernardo J., trustee, to Ralph L. and Marguerite A. Fletcher, Unit 402, Building 7, Beachplace II Condominium, $510,000.
Baarletto, Michael A. and Kim, to Edward L. Detoni, Lot 698, Sarasota Springs, Unit 6, $136,500.
Becker, Theresa J., to Ronald Roggow, Lots 2150, 2151, Sarasota Springs, Unit 18, $805,000.
Lennar Homes Inc. to Dennis M. and Beverly J. Johnson, Lot 83, Barton Farms, Unit 1, $319,400.
Venice HG LC to Charles B. and Kathryn M. Walsh, Lot 61, Bellagio on Venice Island, $280,000.
Megerichian, Benita Thompson, to Jonathan E. and Georgina M. Singer, Lot 3, Swan Acres Subdivision, $228,500.
U.S. Home Corp. to Bruce L. and Lynn H. Holland, Lot 3601, Block 36, Heritage Oaks Golf and Country Club, Unit XIV, $252,600.
U.S. Home Corp. to Horst and Ingeborg Franke, Lot 3801, Block 38, Heritage Oaks Golf and Country Club, Unit XIV, $213,300.
U.S. Home Corp. to Paul E. and Lorene E. Lankes, Lot 2321, Building 2300, Veranda VII At Heritage Oaks Condominium, $199,000.
U.S. Home Corp. to Peter and Helen Midunczyk, Lot 53, Rivendell, Unit 3D, $421,100.
U.S. Home Corp. to Michael J. and Suzanne Gavazzi, Lot 2320, Building 2300, Veranda VII at Heritage Oaks Condominium, $195,100.
Sam Rodgers Properties Inc. to Thomas J. and Darcy M. Martyn, Lot 254, Pelican Pointe Golf and Country Club, Unit 4, $443,700.
Fischer, Vivian, to Rose Dolgos, Unit 20, Model C, Center Gate Village Condominium, Section 4, $132,500.
Gray, Barry G., to Lynette Vastag, Lot 9, Block A, Warm Mineral Springs, Unit 90, Subdivision, $82,500.
11620010 Ontario Inc. to James W. and Barbara A. Korman, Lot 34, Pelican Pointe Golf and Country Club, Unit 1, $230,000.
Kennedy, John D., and Monica Miller, to Geri C. Black, Lot 3, Hidden Oaks Estates, $425,000.
Janutolo, Eldo John II and Stella Louise, to John R. Zatrock, and Sue C. Powers, Lot 44, Pelican Pointe Golf and Country Club, Unit 6, $224,000.
Hess, George W. and Sally A., to Richard L. and Judy L. White, Unit 209, Building B, Gulf and Bay Club Condominium, $550,000.
White, Richard L. and Judy L., to Roger J. and Jane T. Daly, Unit 108, Building C, Gulf and Bay Club Condominium, $807,500.
Peppe Family Holdings LTD by Chever Enterprises Inc. to Land Resources LLC, Tract 8, Venice Farms, $180,000.
Coyle, Dolores S., to Thomas G. Walker, Unit 303, Pine Run Condominium, $97,900.
Wallace Avenue Development Inc. to H and M Holdings LLC, First Floor of Wallace Avenue Professional Center, $107,000.
Wallace Avenue Development Inc. to H and M Holdings LLC, Condominium Unit on Third Floor of Wallace Avenue Professional Center, $267,500.
Lightfoot, Sandra, to John Mark Schrag, Lot 355, Brentwood Estates, Unit 4, Subdivision, $102,900.
Meyers, Helen J., individual and trustee, to Robert Kenneth Jr., and Marlene L. Tikkanea, Unit 164, Foxwood Condominium, $105,500.
Vine, Gregory E., to Donald L. Maxwell, Lots 10321, 10322, South Venice, Unit 39, $245,000.
Gill, George M. and Frances L., to Florence F. and Josephine Hilt, Unit 30, Model E, Center Gate Estates Village Condominium, Section IV, $157,000.
Baynes, Antoinette M. and John R., to John del Casalle, and Michael Osher, Lot 18, Block A, Country Club Shores, Unit 4, $285,000.
Utzig, Diana R., to Josephine Santella, Lot 5, Block H, Sun Haven Subdivision, $82,000.
Fryer, Patricia Dawn, to Jeffrey S. and Susan M. Wakefield, Unit 1512, Pinestone at Palmer Ranch 15, Condominium, $140,000.
Eckert, Charles J. and Henrietta A., to Albert Bartz, Unit 93, Foxwood Condominium, $125,000.
Poleshek, Kendra A. and Jeffrey A., to Devra Adena Tichenor, and Bruno C. Izzo Jr., Lots 16, 18, Block B, Rustic Lodge, $113,000.
Champ, Kevin M., to Bruce and Jane Holtan, Unit 425, Building 4, Veranda I at Heritage Oaks Condominium, $168,000.
Paulsen, Margrete K., individual and trustee, and Gordon M., to Carl L. and Susanne K. Slapshak, trustees, Lot 223, Park Forest, Phase IV, $136,000.
Divosta and Company Inc. to Mary C. Elsis, Lot 184, Villagewalk, Unit 1B, $260,700.
Russo, Daniel D. and Edythe M., to Shawn M. Bigelow, Lot 1043, Lake Sarasota, Unit 12, $120,500.
Seiibt, Werner, to Joseph and Lucy Sangiovanni, Unit 1014, Plaza de Flores, Condominium, $137,000.
Florida South Properties to Harry D. and Yvonne Johnson, Lot 1932, Sarasota Springs, Unit 15, $87,000.
Harver, Donna, to Brian W. Burtch, Portion of Lots 7, 8, Block 5, Plat of Englewood, Lots 2, 1, Sub Lot 8, Plat of Englewood Park, $245,000.
Smith, William, to Denton E. and Bonnie M. Morrison, Unit 24, Chandlers Forde Condominium, $230,000.
Rosenkrans, Alice Joycelyn, to Rogers T. III and Ann Y. Moore, Lot 17, Block A, Country Club Shores, Unit 4, $270,000.
Yoder, Gerald, and Redcay, Abbie, to Thomas N. and Esther Tetterton, Portion of Lot 1, Block C, Oak Shores Subdivision, $128,700.
Toler, James C. and Vickie A., to David F. and Donna H. Balcom, Lot 5, Block A, Forest Lakes, Unit 1, $258,000.
Hilbert, Lawrence W. and Edith M., to Damm LLC, Unit 1245-B, Gulf and Bay Club Bayside Condominium, $410,000.
Kelly, Barbara, and Decarlo, Monte, to Roger W. and Tantri P. Kidder, Lot 214, The Landings, Unit 2, $449,900.
Kaplan, Sidney, trustee, to Kenneth K. and Cheryl L. Kornhaus, Lot 22, Waterside East, Siesta's Bayside, $598,500.
Kirkpatrick, Kevin and Jane, to Margaret O. Ellis, Unit 202, Coquille Condominium, $455,000.
Moody, Wesley P. and Joanne E., to Edward T. and Nancy P. Rychcik, Unit 213, Sea Horse Beach Resort Condominium, $200,000.
Divosta and Company Inc. to Vivian B. and Stephen M. Robinson, Lot 189, Villagewalk, Unit 1B, $247,000.
Schotsch, James G. and Nita A., to Krzyaztof and Jolanta Maciaszek, Lot 182, Huntington Pointe, Unit II, $279,000.
McConnell, Gregory, to G. Michael and Gary Bowen Swor, Unit 1B, 1617 Tuttle Condominium, $198,000.
Ellis, Kenneth and Tamara, to Samuel S. Steward, Lot 2, Cocoanut Heights, $102,000.
Suntrust Bank, trustee, to Leslye H. Seltzer, Unit Q-1, Sea Village Condominium, $325,000.
Ortiz, Luis F., and Christine K. Blais, to Randall Douglas and Aisha Ali Reed, Portion of Lot 9, Ringling Subdivision, Longboat Key, $275,000.
Kuzman, Steve P. and Beverly D., to Carl O. Densch, trustee, Unit 18, Building 3, Briarfield Condominium I, Phase II, $110,000.
DD and Associates Inc. to Stephen J. and Erin McKenna Shumate, Unit 107, Coquille Condominium, $450,000.
Sewell, Robert A. and Sandra C., to John Daniel and Sandra J. Keenan, Unit 210, The Players Club I Condominium, $730,000.
Ciampolillo, Barbara A., to Erik and Charlotte Hertz, Unit 36, Rolling Green South Condominium, $75,500.
Simonds, Gloria E., to Benno and Priska Meier, Lot 48, Parcel M, Prestancia M, N, and O Amended, $665,000.
Glaser, Karole E., to Lloyd F. and Elaine B, Mariner, Unit 6, Gulf Haven Condominium, $310,000.
Sanders, William, to Edward E. and Diane H. Kivari, Lot 63, Englewood Isles, Unit 5, $295,000.
Kateers, Konstantinos, to Andrew Keen, and Connie Karanicolas-Keen, Lot 10, Block B, Georgetowne, Unit II, $140,000.
Maraaschky, Donna, to Daryl Mark and Lori Stewart, Unit 3E, Gulf N Bay Apartments, Condominium, $263,000.
Steele, Robert G., to Robert G. Steele, and Theresa S. Herschman, Lot 19, Parcel D, Turtle Rock, Unit 2, $182,000.
Tiger Relocation Company to Joseph D. and Diane A. Gibson, Lot 1987-1989, South Venice, Unit 6, $93,500.
Gray, Mark E., to Sondra Fishman, Lots 21, 23, Block A, Poinsettia Park, $440,000.
Elsis, Mary C., to Lawrence A. and Linda Evans Keefe, Lot 17, Block 85, Gulf Gate Woods, Unit 2, $193,000.
McCarren, Thomas K., to John F. Klein, and Jodie L. South, Lots 39, 38, Wade and Avery's Addition 3 to Phillippi Crest, $131,600.
Shook, Susan J., and Yohe, Carol Ann, to Thomas C. and Margaret A. Sivertsen, Tract 111, Venice Farms, $95,000.
Walters, Joseph E. and Valerie L., to Jason C. Potter, Portion of Lots 13, 14, Block 11, Sarasota Beach, $355,000.
Malloy, Frederick P., and Gordon Grey, to Paul W. and Joe Anne C. Morrison, Unit V112, Strathmore Riverside Villas, Section 1 Condominium, $99,000.
Miner, Mary E., to Raymond J. and Sandra S. Evenson, Unit 27, Whispering Sands Condominium Village, Section 1, $335,000.
Rivendell Cottage Holdings LLC to Dennis W. Bloomer, Lot 19, Block E, Villa Rosa, Unit II-A, $245,300.
Garcia, Eulaha D., to Mark A. and Lesley J. Blaney, Lots 16793, 16794, 16795, South Venice, Unit 63, $88,600.
Nalley, Richard A. and Elizabeth A., to Penny Cook, Lot 1446, Venice Gardens, Unit 25, $108,000.
Rivendell Cottage Holdings LLC to Keith Kyle, trustee, Lot 49, Block E, Villa Rosa, Unit II-A, $253,100.
Brown, Matthew and Connie G., to Randal L. and Juliemarie Pilgrim, Lot 9, Block 29, Sarasota Beach, $300,000.
Hackett, Patricia, to Scott D. and Holly E. Eickman, Lot 10, Walden Pond Subdivision, $125,000.
Leonard, Emma L., to Timothy A. Boyle, Lot 49, Sarasota Sands, Unit 4, $500,000.
Gamber, Earl D. and Bessie, individuals and trustees, to Frederick J. and Sondra Moore, Lot 7, Block M, Plat of Englewood, $380,000.
Del Sordo, Albert N. and Susan V., to Lee Ann Tillis, Portion of Section 36, Township 38s, Range 18e, $157,000.
Laurel Civic Association Inc. to Jasmin and Meviza Coralic, Lots 9743, 9744, South Venice, Unit 35, $101,000.
Hack, Barbara J. and Wilfred A., to Mary K. Hobart, and William M. III and Julie S. Tryder, Portion of Block 3, Amended Plat of Englewood Park, $111,000.
Xanthoooopoulos, Philip and Iris E., to Prudential Residential Services, Lot 1, Oak Hammock Estates, $490,000.
Prudential Residential Services to Jill Anne Figel, Lot 1, Oak Hammock Estates, $490,000.
Parker, Andra Hopson, to Marjorie M. Lavely, Unit 46, Beekman Estates, Section 1, Land Condominium, $140,000.
Valery, Anne J., to Dale D. and Elinor T. Dixon, co-trustees, Unit 1032, The Tenth Fairway at the Plantation Condominium, $123,000.
Grosse, Joyce E., to Mark L. Caithness, Portion of Lot 16, Mission Valley Estates, Section A, $190,000.
Farrell, David E., to Dale A. Haught, trustee, Lots 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, Block 208A, Replat Block 206,208, Edgewood Section of Venice, $320,000.
Freeman, Eddy G. and Jackie S., to Robert A. and Jane J. Nuzum, Unit D, Riviera Medical Park Condominium, $125,000.
Bohannon, Darlene R., to Lee Foster, and Carol Werder, Tract 17, Sorrento Ranches, $240,000.
Bosland, Marlene, to Gregory Baranek, Lots 10725, 10726, 10727, South Venice, Unit 40, $135,000.
Leader, Charles R. and Myralin S., to John A. and Marjorie E. Lann, Unit 854, Patios I of St. Andrews Park at the Plantation Condominium, $193,000.
Cotton, Julie, individual and trustee, to Gerard G. and Eugenia M. Barry, Unit 3-D, Siesta Towers Condominium, $300,000.
Phillips, Michael J. and Susan J., to Sheldon and Stephanie Zehr, Portion of Section 32, Township 36s, Range 19e, $268,000.
Klein, Daniel J., and Skirble, Rosanne, and Klein, Michael C., and Susan Colwell, to James S. and Betty B. Klein, Lot 37, Southfield Subdivision, Unit 1, $144,000.
Bogey Free Investments LLC to LJ Inc. of West Coast Florida, Portion of Section 31, Township 36s, Range 18e, $175,000.
Murphey, Welles, individual and trustee, to Stanley III and Suzanne S. Rand, Portion of Sections 26, 27, Township 38s, Range 18e, $1,825,000.
Foster, Donald and Joanne L., to Donald P. and Wanda K. Davis, Lot 6, Block H, Bay View Acres, $280,000.
Swatling, Robert L. and Doris M., to Bart and Lu Anne Rhoten, Lots 12790, 12791, Unit 49, South Venice, $88,500.
Lann, John A. and Marjorie E., to Nelson E. and Patricia B. Douglas, Lot 32, Governors Green Subdivision, $314,000.
Caba, Cynthia R., individual and trustee, to Dewey W. and Linda S. Bond, and Wesley L. and Deborah S. Hildebrandt, Unit 502, The Orleans, Condominium, $316,000.
Gapchuk, Ury and Luba, to Gapchuk Inc., Portion of Section 16, Township 40s, Range 19e, $600,000.
McConnell, Sandra R., to Roy L. McConnell, Unit B-704, Sanctuary III at Longboat Key Club Condominium, $840,000.
Oravetz, Debra J., to Werner and Marianna Janz Wecke, Lot 10, Briarwood, $184,900.
Shore, Evelyn B., to Edward R. White, and Sherri A. Canale-White, Unit 84, Chambery Condominium, $168,000.
Lyn, Weitze and Edith, to Judith Holcomb, Lot 79, Stoneybrook at Palmer Ranch, Unit 3, $255,000.
Merrihue, Jeffrey and Maria Liebana, to Trevor and Katherine Tiffany, Unit 402, Building 4, Harbor Oaks at Longboat Key Club Condominium, $349,000.
Landsman, Donald, to Richard D. and Beverly Balliot, Unit 402, Lido Ambassador Condominium, $315,000.
Daley, Patricia A., and Isenberg, Seymour S., to Ronald Lee Handwork, Unit 22, The Village at Beekman Place, Section 3, Condominium, $159,900.
Arena, Jamie Leigh M., to Margaret A. Kriner, Lot 29, Shadow Lakes, $81,500.
Douglas, Gordon L. and Eileen A., to Ricardo Ramos, Lots 22, 23, Block D, Ashworth Park, $123,500.
Montana Realty Company to Stacia J. Williams, Lot 4, Block 47, South Gate, Unit 12, $144,000.
Wyse, James L. and Sharon E., to Nicholas C. and Dollye F. Wood, Lot 136, Serenoa, Phase III, $475,000.
Cypher, Susan Claire, to Rick A. Winkler, Lots 7, 6, Block A, Jackson Highlands Subdivision, $96,000.
Hassler, Jason E. and Andrea B., to John B. O'Neal, Lot 619, Kensington Park Subdivision, Unit 5, $102,000.
Hankele, Catherine A., to Charles C. Jr. and Joyce G. Hartman, Unit 69, Harrington Lake Condominium, $170,000.
Horton, Rex S., and Matz, Hans J., to Peter Martin and Katherine A. Duggan, Lot 4, Matz Subdivision, $270,000.
Namack, William H. III, as personal representative, to Priscilla Lussier, Unit 16, Model B, Westwoods at Sunrise Country Club, Condominium, Section 1, $127,000.
Brown, Ernest and Mary Ann, to Nohl Crest Homes Corp., Lot 26, Block A, Heron Creek, Unit 2, $87,000.
Bassia, Michael S. and Mary Wilson, to Bob M. Beaty, Lot 1, Block 9, Bird Key Subdivision, $950,000.
Sarasota Care LLC to Re Sarasota Inc., Portion of Section 23, Township 36s, Range 18e, $2,950,000.
Ruby, Dennis C. and Constance J., to Teddy L. and Karen S. Shackelford, Lot 28, The Preserve at Misty Creek, Unit 4, $300,000.
Adams, R. Craig, to Michael R. and Christine G. Hays, Lot 3, Paradise Shores, $1,215,000.
Elliott, Ronald G., to Brett and Susan Heinz, Lot 21, Center Gate Woods, Unit 1, $173,000.
Kranglewitz, Raymond and Jean, to Dennis A. and Rebecca A. Kedzierski, Unit 71, Strathmore Villa Condominium Apartments, $83,000.
Artz, Gail H., to Quentin Thomas and Marlene Ann Quirk, Unit 331, Myrtle Trace at the Plantation, Condominium, $163,000.
Coachman Homes of Sarasota Inc. to June E. Taylor, Lot 2655, Hammocks, Unit 1, $388,300.
D'Agostino, Kenneth E. and Margaret, to Margaret D'Agostino, Lot 3, Block 21, Bird Key Subdivision, $112,400.
Ratchford, Ronald and Rosemary B., to Roy and Barbara Whittaker, Unit 471, Harbor Isles Condominium, Section V, $110,000.
Spivey, Barry F., to James E. and Carolyn S. Deering, Lot 45, Timberlakes, $269,900.
McMahon, Bernard F. Jr. and Kathleen A., to John N. and Jennifer A. Leibold, Lot 326, Laurel Oak Estates, Section 10, $760,000.
Handwork, Ronald Lee and Patricia Marie, to Stephen M. Kennelly, Lot 2, Eastlake, $268,000.
McEwan, Vivian G., individual and trustee, and Laverne, to Tom and Luann Biggy, Lot 35, Country Wood Estates, Unit II, $242,500.
Hower, Margaret M., and Malley, Marcia K., to Paul R. Sauve, Unit 5822, Village Green Condominium, Section 16, $136,000.
Baker, John F. and Janet R., to Dorothy J. and Jim Fowler Jr., Lot 64, Sherwood Forest Subdivision, Unit 3, $217,000.
Baruch, Jill Nadine, to Irene Pizzo, Lot 20, Town and Country Estates, Unit 1, $129,000.
Becker, Henry C. and Marie S., to Kurt F. Lewis, trustee, Portion of Section 4, Township 36s, Range 18e, $200,000.
Blumenthal, Luis and Marisabel, to Tara A. Dowling, and Pavlo Vyschepan, Unit 16, Forty Three West of Sarasota Condominium, Section 1, $148,800.
Roche, Nina L., to Nina L. Roche, and Diane C. H. Roche, Unit 4E, One Watergate Condominium, $101,100.
Knox, Gloria Jean and McCurdy, Danielle Lemiieux, to Dawn M. Pressly, Lot 7, Piccadilly Estates, Subdivision, $145,000.
Burr, Vincent W. and Mary W., to Ronald K. and Sandra S. Grady, Unit 11-B-3, Ramblewood Acres Condominium, $82,500.
Misut, Margaretha and Milo, to Terry Rose Dwyer, Lot 19, Block 36, Replat U, Gulf Gate Subdivision, $146,000.
Grecia, Albert and Kathryn, to Ronald K. and Madelyn A. Petersen, Lot 74, Venice Palms, Phase II, $195,000.
Lowery, Gloria L. and Daniel C., to Steven Weaver, Lot 1, Lockwood Gardens, $110,000.
Spencer, M. Scott and Laura A., to Richard and Katarina Cikovic, Lot 12, Block 12, South-Side Park, $128,700.
McKinney, Michael and Barbara, to Miriam K. Chadderton, and Lee A. Nickels, Lot 35, Longwood Run Subdivision, Unit 2, $270,000.
Somers, John B. and Barbara M., to Suzy M. Abbott, and Ann S. Phillips, Portion of Section 31, Township 36s, Range 19e, $280,000.
Isidoro, Juan, and Hamm, Christy R., to Marc Pelletz, Lot 71, Sarasota Springs, Unit 1, $97,000.
Forest Products Supply Inc. to Lumina Health Products Inc., Lots 20, 23, Interstate Lake Industrial Park, $315,000.
Glansman, Kelly A., to Thomas D. Mitchell, and Kate Leikin, Portion of Lot 17, Weber Subdivision, $142,000.
Marino, Carolyn A., to Seymour S. Isenberg, and Patricia Daley, Portion of Lot 33, Lakewood, Tract A, Unit 1, $243,000.
Wasserman, Herbert and Judith R., to Patricia M. Blasiola, Unit 802, Bay Plaza Condominium, $562,500.
Davenport, Mary T., to Judith E. Robertson, Unit 33, Exeter House, Sarasota Harbour East Apartments, $140,500.
Di Persio, Joseph Patrick and Lillian Frances, to Josephine Dobner, Lot 216, De Soto Lakes, Unit 5, $129,000.
Magdziasz, John W. and Janice, to Carl III and Susan C. Kovach, Lot 315, Grove Pointe, Unit 1, $239,900.
Sowle, James L. and Audre J., to L. Kenneth and Nancy E. Lucas, Unit 1604, Fairway Woods, Section 1, Condominium, $235,000.
Cross, David R. and Patricia L., to Samuel P. and Patricia J. Boyd, Lot 38, Beneva Pines, $249,000.
Adams, Benjamin F. Jr. and Judith D., to Robert J. and Karen J. Jennings, Lot 182, Southbay Yacht and Racquet Club, $540,000.
Rodrick, Alfred and Barbara A., to Nermin and Seida Dedic, Lot 1, Block B, Nash's Subdivision, $155,000.
Steigman, Andrew L. and Meryl, trustees, to Robert W. and Luann C. Cruse, Unit 308, Building 1, Siesta Dunes Beach Condominium, $460,000.
Jacobson, Edward S. and Marie, to Joseph E. and Barbara B. Markey, Lot 21, Block 75, Gulf Gate Woods, Unit 1, $180,000.
Pender, Doreen L. and Donald, to Scott W. Cline, Lot 127, Spring Oaks, Unit 2, $142,000.
Hall, James G. II and Karen E., to Don W. and Karen S. Babcock, Portion of Lot 37, Sarabay Acres, $199,900.
Dahroug, Mohamed and Mamie, to Harold Snowdon, Portion of Block M, Replat Pinehurst Park Subdivision, $126,000.
McGonagle, Barbara T., to Hugh R. and Shirlie Barth, Lot 28, Rivendell, Unit 1, $210,000.
Prince Construtora LTD to Michele and Rita Cesar Prins, Lot 340, Southbay Yacht and Racquet Club, $440,000.
Black, William A., to Patrick M. and Sherrie J. Long, Unit 1110, Stoneybrook Clubside Condominium I, $156,000.
Skrumeda, Nicholas, to Charles W. Erb, trustee, Lot 444, Venice Gardens Subdivision, Unit 7, $108,000.
Wickert, Charles H. and Henrietta, to Christopher D. and Sandra A. Harrington, Lot 106, Center Gate Estates, Unit 1, Phase 1-C, $240,000.
Stevenson-Smith, Ronald and Anda, to Catherine A. and James A. Gingeriich, trustees, Lot 111, Stoneybrook Golf and Country Club, Unit 3, $352,000.
Tuck, Eric S. and Margaret E., to Cuza and Hildegard Ionescu, Lot 42, Fairway Village, Phase 1, $175,000.
Helterline, Robert, to Thomas L. Mettam, Lot 13, Block D, Revised Plat of Valencia Terrace, $90,000.
Ace Land Development Corp. to Mary Lou Phillips, Lot 34, Hidden Lakes Club, Phase I, $303,100.
U.S. Home Corp. to Mary Rose Scott, trustee, Lot 3902, Block 39, Heritage Oaks Golf and Country Club, Unit XIV, $217,900.
Tinsky-Waldrup, Ellen, to Elbio and Martha Rotela, Lot 75, Del Sol Village at Longwood Run, Phase II, $181,000.
Lennar Homes Inc. to Bruce E. and Betty J. Forke, Lot 23, Barton Farms, Unit 1, $275,500.
U.S. Home Corp. to Nettles Investments Inc., Unit 2316, Building 2300, Veranda VII at Heritage Oaks Condominium, $187,200.
McMahon, Neal M., to Stephen Witzer, E. P. Dessberg and Sarasota Cabana Inn Inc., Lot 1, Hibiscus Park 1, $1,924,300.
U.S. Home Corp. to Nettles Investment Inc., Unit 2315, Building 2300 Veranda VII at Heritage Oaks, Condominium, $175,100.
U.S. Home Corp. to James L. and Audre J. Sowle, Lot 17, Rivendell, Unit 3-A, $253,900.
Kutzko, John, and Wingate, Linda, and McMichael, John and Carolyn, and Singer, Michael G., to Kathryn H. Carter, Lot 16, Lyons Bay, Unit 1, $175,000.
Hays, Michael R., trustee, to Shlaine Milligan, Portion of Section 30, Township 36s, Range 18e, $750,000.
Westfield Homes of Florida Inc. to Frank D. and Corinne M. Crea, Lot 297, Heron Creek, Unit 3, $204,900.
Corley, Michael, to Egon and Urte Tuerpe, Lot 26, Block 3, Sarasota Bay Park, $156,000.
Silver Oak Development of Sarasota LC to Carlos S. and Natalie C. Miranda, Lot 115, Silver Oak, Unit 2A, $131,900.
Troyer, Idella K., to Elias S. and Anna B. Beiler, Lots 388, 389, 387, Pinecraft, $115,000.
David Schroeders Construction Inc. to Frank and Lucy Paladino, Lot 60, Venice Palms, Phase II, $241,900.
Keller, Richard W., to George W. Felton, trustee, Unit 316, Baywood Colony Garden Apartments Condominium, $92,000.
Lee Wetherington Homes Inc. to CNG Financial Corp., Lot 17, Willowbrook Subdivision, $247,000.
Trumpler, Richard P. and Phoebe Downey, to Prudential Relocation Inc., Lot 57, Bent Tree Village Subdivision, Unit 3, $480,000.
Prudential Relocation Inc. to Tony and Carla Vandenoever, Lot 57, Bent Tree Village Subdivision, Unit 3, $480,000.
Cundiff, Jerry M., and Betsy L. Schreiner, to Shirley E. Phifer, Lots 1, 2, Block 38, Gulf View Section of Venice, $359,000.
Wolfort, Jean L., to John C. Boyle, Unit 178, Augusta Villas at the Plantation Condominium, $130,000.
Sarasota Bay Club LLC to Earl and Marjorie Sharff, Unit 606, Sarasota Bay Club Condominium, $490,000.
Swart, Raymond E. Jr. and Nancy C., trustees, to Horace C. and Holly S. Cook, Lot 2, Sunset Place, $249,000.
Cerinetti, Allen S. and Terri, to Dennis and Sandra L. Klimek, Portion of Lots 570, 569, 568, Gulf View Estates, Unit 1, $210,000.
Casey Key Management LLC to Philip Delano, and Mary Engelbreit, Portion of Section 19, Township 38s, Range 18e, $640,000.
Leroy, James V. and Michael, to Jennifer Forney, Lot 58, Woodmere Lakes, Unit 2, $189,000.
Morrison Homes Inc. to Ana Lucia Arrieta, Lot 10, Covington Place, Unit 2, $218,000.
Scharff, Ronald A. Sr. and Janice Lee, to Douglas Todd Fisher, Lots 147, 155, Bay Haven, Subdivision, $160,000.
Scharff, Ronald and Janice, to Douglas Todd Fisher, Lot 148, Bay Haven, Subdivision, $150,000.
Brown, George D. and Suzanne I., to James V. and Denise M. Fitzpatrick, Unit 407, Lido Shores Condominium, $310,000.
Cook, Betty N., individual and trustee, to Norman and Geraldine Comfort, trustees, Unit 1208, Section 12, Village Green of Forest Lakes Condominium, $117,000.
Kerekes, Kevin, to Sergei and Zdzislawa Majka Kravets, Portion of Lot 19, Point O' Rocks Terrace Addition, $590,000.
Washington Mutual Bank to Gregory A. and Cristy L. Flagg, Lot 5, Block I, Green Acres, $150,200.
Robedeau, Daniel E., and Krieger, Karen Ann Kim, to Donald W. and Bonnie D. Kregel, Lot 55, Sabal Trace, Unit 1, Subdivision, $218,000.
Arnold Development of Southwest Florida LC to Richard C. and Betty L. Shower, Lot 147, Villas of Sabal Trace Subdivision, $129,100.
Freeman, William H. and Sandra M., to Rebecca Swenson, and Karen Wilbur, Lot 168, Bent Tree Village Subdivision, Unit 3, $470,000.
Reed, Shelley Ponteroy, to Lois B. Abrams, Unit 160, Augusta Villas at the Plantation Condominium, $125,000.
Kresky, Peter M. and Bonnie B., to Michael E. Krakow, trustee, and Judith Anne Krakow, trustee, Lot 27, Longwood Run Subdivision, Phase IV, $435,000.
Gareau, Rene A., individual and trustee, and Patricia A., to Mark and Ellen G. Goddard, Lot 4, Parcel O, Prestancia Subdivision, $965,000.
Skonieczny, Jeffrey D., and McNally, Virginia D., to James R. and Laura L. Chappell, Lot 42, Magnolia Pond, $280,000.
Kozlowski, Charles and Teresa, to Mary Ellen Dow, Portion of Lot 8, Owen Burns Realty Company Sub of Lots 14, 16, Block H, Plat of Sarasota, $345,000.
Blauer, Gertrude E., to Michael Alastair Robertson, and Deborah Rose Robertson, Unit 406, Fairway Woods Section 2, Condominium, $175,000.
Pettingell, Roger C., to Michael N. and Sandra L. Koolkin, Lots 15, 13, Block D, Poinsettia Park, $390,000.
McCowan, William B. and Ruth S., to Kevin and Marcella Ellwood, Lot 23, The Meadows, Unit 1, $136,800.
Cocchi, Josephine, to James N. and Arlene A. Lempka, Lots 5, 6, Block 211, Edgewood Section of Venice, $101,000.
Borders, Dorothy J., to Ronald A. and Suzanne M. Salo, Unit 316, Building 17, Mission Lakes of Venice Condominium, $90,000.
Rico, Bernardo N. and Daria T., to Dennis R. and Louise Novak, Lot 140, Southbay Yacht and Racquet Club, $594,000.
Wikoff, Martin, trustee, to 555 Triton LLC, Lots 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, Block F, Coquina Beach, $400,000.
Aalseth, Marie Ay, to Egon and Urte Tuerpe, Lots 33, 35, 34, Block 2, Sarasota Bay Park, $280,000.
Cornerstone Properties of Sarasota Inc. to Lyle G. and Miriam A. Kreider, Lot 1, Cornerstone Acres Subdivision, $85,000.
Sarasota Renaissance II to Paul C. and Mary C. Treder Lang, Unit 405, Renaissance I Condominium, $295,400.
Adams, R. Craig, to Rebecca Martel, Lot 47, Bay Island Shores, Unit 2, $11,330,000.
Sarasota Renaissance II to Mary G. Jacobs, Unit 1017, Renaissance I Condominium, $495,000.
Morrison Homes Inc. to Miguel T. and Kristin H. Fenix, Lot 8, Meadow Walk, $182,900.
Morrison Homes Inc. to David and Tiffiany A. Harford, Lot 44, The Oaks at Woodland Park Phase II, $240,300.
Koch, Betty L., to Blue Heron Pond Associates, Tracts 99, 105-110, Venice Farms, $1,500,000.
Stanley, Harvey N., individual and trustee, and Mary K., individual and trustee, to J. Marc and Gloria Susan Powers, Lot 4, Stanley Valley Subdivision, $405,000.
Cissell, Anette, to Befke De Ring, Portion of Section 36, Township 36s, Range 20e, $80,000.
Ferraro Homes Inc. to Robert A. and Shelly J. Henderson, Lot 18, Block E, Colonial Terrace, $111,000.
Portland Properties LTD Inc. to T. Jack Sr. and Phyllis Black, Lot 7, Block D, Country Club Shores, Unit 3, Section 2, $575,000.
Kulin, Ann, to Martin and Nance Liebgott, Unit 1107, Lido Beach Club Condominium, $290,000.
Rivendell Cottage Holdings LLC to Robert J. and Eleanor J. Rosenthal, Lot 40, Block E, Villa Rosa, Unit II-A, $206,800.
Grand River Real Estate Corp. to Ferro Enterprises LLC, Portion of Section 4, Township 36s, Range 19e, $537,000.
Hart, Edward L. and Glenda M., to Casey J. Moore, Lot 471, Lake Sarasota, Unit 6, $154,900.
Hamann, Janet M., trustee and individual, and Melvin J., to Jeremiah M. and Lucille Kingston, Unit 25, Villas of Papillon Condominium, $168,000.
Pfeiffer, Carolyn, and Hoskins, Mary E., to Kenneth P. and Patricia J. Bracher, Portion of Section 36, Township 38s, Range 18e, $209,000.
Falconer, Carroll D. and Marlene O., to Katherine Janes, Unit C-1, Building C, Cordova Gardens Condominium, $82,000.
Bruce, Robert D., to Benoit Bergeron, Lot 105, Deer Hollow, Unit 1B, $104,000.
McBride, Barbara S. and Francis J., to John and Claire Graham, and Erin Royer, Lot 103, Deer Hollow, Unit 1B, $131,000.
North Star Diamond Co. to Sam Lucas Corp., Portion of Sections 21, 22, Township 40s, Range 19e, $755,000.
Lee, Murray D. and Deborah B., to James and Nola G. Rook, Lot 12, Block D, Country Club Shores, Unit 4, $460,000.
Burzynski, Martin A., to James H. and Judith A. Hunder, Unit 303, Building 3, Fairway Bay, Condominium, $485,000.
Cathness Construction Inc. to William D. and Pamela J. Stelmok, Lot 14, Preserve at Mission Valley, $142,000.
Schrader, William C. and Mary D., to John E. Delp, and Jennifer F. Elliott, Lot 7, Block A, Falcon Trace at Calusa Lakes, Unit 1, $199,500.
Lindner, Richard J., to Linda M. Crombie, Unit S-21, Circlewood of Venice, Section II Condominium, $82,900.
Webster, Kitty L., to Henry Rodriguez, Portion of Lot 85, Sarabay Acres, $211,000.
Girard, Gary and Anthony W., to Kitty L. Webster, Portion of Lots 111, 112, 113, Sarabay Acres, $211,000.
Ward, Roger G. and Carol W., to David A. and Kay L. Muncaster, Lot 16, Block 4, Manasota Gardens Subdivision, $125,000.
Laipply, Charles T. and Hope, to Robert J. and Agnes B. Rodgers, Lots 18089, 18090, 18091, South Venice, Unit 68, $140,000.
Shouha Inc. to Naret Viravong, Lot 2, Block 10, Bobcat Villas, Phase 2, $144,000.
Rosenberg, Dietrich John and Amy Lynn, to Mary Berk, trustee, and Annie Berk, Lots 16, 17, 18, Block 33, Gulf View Section of Venice, Subdivision, $850,000.
Knuckles, Jeffrey J., individual and trustee, to Dietrich John and Amy Lynn Rosenberg, Portion of Lot 37, Plat of Englewood, $1,200,000.
The Ryland Group Inc. to Mary J. Conninghton, Lot 411, Pelican Point Golf and County Club, Unit 8, $202,000.
Cantele, Armando P., to Gino L. and Audrey H. Cantele, co-trustees, Portion of Section 14, Township 37s, Range 18e, $1,012,500.
Leighton, Alexander, Estate of, to James M. and Janet Bentley, Lot 20, Block 4, Sorrento East, Unit 4, $120,000.
All You Can Eat Inc. to Southwest Bar-B-Q Inc., Portion of Section 6, Township 37s, Range 18e, $1,200,000.
Oney, Clifford S., and Doris Willand, to Ellsworth and George H. Sullivan, Lot 15, Block 175, South Venezia Park, Section of Venice, $175,000.
Willis, Allan D. and Rodney C., and Nolan, Kathleen L., to Thomas F. Dahl, Portion of Section 35, Township 38s, Range 18e, $156,900.
Laughlin, Tracy M. and Victoria B., to Chris A. and Debra Borg, Lot 17, Block 7, Venice East, Section 1, $142,500.
Blythe, Richard J. and Diane, to Bernard and Evelyn Benson, Lot 515, Unit 68, Venice Gardens, $114,900.
Gruber, David and Georgia A., to Theresa and Steven Brown, Portion of Lot 1, Block 28, South Gate, Unit 9, Subdivision, $154,000.
Drew, Margaret E. and Douglas A., to Anthony J. and Karen Iantorno, Unit GP10, Harbor Towers Yacht and Racquet Club Condominium, $252,700.
Windover, Douglas L. and Christine, to George J. and Monica J. Durakis, Lot 30, Block 23, Bird Key Subdivision, $2,700,000.
Stewart, Grace M., to Frederick E. and Ellen G. Hummel, Unit 2, Model E, Centergate Vilalge Condominium, Section 7, $147,000.
Sorbeck, James, to Ivana Navas, Lot 38, Wellington Chase, Unit 2, $192,000.
Roaen, Leonard J. and Alice M., individuals and trustees, to James V. and Michael A. Leroy, Lot 358, Venetia, Phase 1-A, $277,000.
Lofino, Charles J., to Capri Isles LLC, Block N, Capri Isles, Unit 3, $1,500,000.
Shewmake, Mary H., to Linda Ann Remley, Lot 11, McIntyre-Wilson-Potters Subdivision, $249,000.
142507 Canada LTD to John C. and Pamela W. Kroeger, Lot 48, La Vista, $345,000.
Radbill, Hugh R. and Ruth C., to Steven M. and Michele A. Sabia, and Pierre H. and Denise M. Noel, Unit 55, Sheffield Greene, Building 14, Condominium, $138,500.
Bentley, James M. and Janet S., to Karen Bastis, and Richard McFarland, Lot 19, Knotty Pine Estates, $325,000.
Ingarfield, Earl, to R. Craig Adams, Lot 17, Block 23, Bird Key Subdivision, $2,750,000.
Trudelle, Bruce E. and Stacy A., and O'Connor, Nancy V., and Peabody, Geraldine A., trustee, and Jerome T., to James Sweitzer, and Erika Banfelder, and Orpah and Erich Banfelder, Lot 33, Fox Creek Acres, Unit 2, $375,000.
The Ember Group Inc. to Brigitte Von Kessel, Lot 13, Block H, Granada, $445,000.
Stein, Barry Jay and Georgette L., to Steven J. and Valerie B. Zimath, Lot 12, Oak Woods Subdivision, $125,000.
Williamson, Richard C., and Lamb, Michael T., and Cardinal, Daniel C., to Sarasota County, Block A, Nokomis Subdivision, $1,041,400.
Kaspar, Charles J. and Debra S., to John R. and Rexene A. Hall, Lot 166, Lake Sarasota, Unit 3, $179,900.
SPE 7 LLC to Brezina and Reitaecht LLC, Portion of Sections 26, 25, Township 38s, Range 18e, $105,000.
Shank, Walter A., to Walter A. Jr. and Gina M. Shank, Lots 48, 49, Town and Country Estates, Unit 1, $168,000.
Carter, Richard M., to Ronald N. and Janet Franke, Lot 127, Deer Creek, Unit 4, $300,000.
John Cannon Homes Inc. to George Matrai, Lot 6, Siesta Estates, Replat Blocks 22, 23, 24, 25, Sarasota Beach, $339,900.
Yoder, Donovan E., and Liedike, Laura I., to Tim W. and Ellen M. McGaughy, Lot 22, Saddle Creek, Unit 1, $375,000.
TGC Partnership LTD to Denis and Mary Lee Bischoff, Lots 25, 26, Block G, Lido C, $550,000.
Gonzalez, Armando, to Jacqueline L. Paul, Lot 43, River Forest Subdivision, $269,000.
Knopp, Paul L., to Carolyn H. Hausamann, trustee, Lots 1, 2, 3, Block 5, Boulevard Addition to Sarasota, $100,000.
Johnson, Dennis M. and Beverly J., to Michael H. Hamilton, and Kathleen K. Jones, Lot 43, Parcel F-1, Turtle Rock, Unit 3, $228,000.
Campbell, Shawn P. and Cheryl, to Martin R. Keneealy, Lot 2, Lancaster, $156,000.
Keating, Agnes P., to Douglas S. and Judith K. Leman, Lot 242, Stoneybrook Golf and Country Club, Unit 4, $280,000.
Myllo, Christopher J. Jr. and Michelle S., to William G. and Marlyn P. Allen, Lot 4, Center Gate Woods, Unit 1, $182,500.
Baker, Jennifer C., to Sean P. and Tracy L. Hogan, Lot 2, Block 13, Pinebrook South, Unit III, $153,000.
Warren, James H. and Donna U., to Douglas and Victoria Custer, Lot 30, Marbella, $340,000.
Doktorski, Benjamin, to Thomas Fairchild, trustee, Unit 405, Lake Vista II, Condominium, $225,000.
Jacaranda Commercial Corp. to IVOPF & G LLC, Portion of Lot 10F, Lake View Office Park, Building 7, $400,000.
IVOPF & G LLC to Ruth K. and Stanley Parker, trustees, Lot 10F, Lake View Office Park, Building 7, $529,500.
IVOPF & G LLC to Sun Acre Corp., Portion of Lot 10-F, Lake View office Park, Building 7, $87,800.
Reed, Timothy A., to Bill D. and David S. Williams, and Shana W. Alford, Unit 605, Gulf Shores, Condominium, $395,000.
Basler, Robert and Donna, to Robert M. Basler, Portion of Section 6, Township 39s, Range 20e, $160,000.
Maglione, James I., individual and trustee, to Denise L. Myman, Lot 25, Block A, South Highland, $140,000.
Baldauf, Robert J., individual and trustee, to George Giordano, and Ronald E. Defina, and Dan Rutkowski, Lot 17, Block 208a, Re-Plat of Blocks 206, 208, Edgewood Section of Venice, $280,000.
Levine, Michael D. and Elizabeth E., to Lynn Ikkasetiem, Lot 12, Block F, Sorrento Woods, Unit 3, $253,000.
Dinkoski, Elaine A., to Jack Ajrab, Lots 18578, 18579, South Venice, Unit 70, $80,000.
Grammation, John, as personal representative, and John and Carmen, to Southbridge Restaurant Company, Unit 403, Boatyard Commercial Center Condominium, $175,000.
Poser, Charles M. and Nancy L., to Southbridge Restaurant Company, Units 404, 405, 407, Boatyard Commercial Center Condominium, $300,000.
Poser, Charles, to Southbridge Restaurant Company, Unit 501, Boatyard Commercial Center Condominium, $100,000.
Wilkinson Family to Southbridge Restaurant Company, Units 301, 302, 303, 304, 305, 306, Boatyard Commercial Center Condominium, $775,000.
Yerdonek, Lorraine, to Southbridge Restaurant Company, Unit 401, Boatyard Commercial Center Condominium, $150,000.
Ackmann, E. Wayne, to Louis S. and Mary Ann Wesler, Unit 201-C, Longboat Arms Condominium, $245,000.
Burbol, Charles J. and Linda J., and Barrett, Scott W., to Rebecca L. Burbol, Lot 62, Sunrise Golf Club Estates, $140,000.
Coates, Renee L., to Richard S. and Katherine M. Lynn, Lot 43, Beechwood Estates, $182,000.
Cypher, James H., trustee and individual, and Bonnie M., trustee and individual, to Donald E. and Linda C. Alhart, Lot 78, Amended Plat of Venice Golf and Country Club, Unit II-A, $245,000.
Draganov, Nickolas J., to Alfred and Karen Farrell, Lot 438, Desoto Lakes, Unit 7, $98,000.
Serenoa Lakes Development Inc. to Conrad Lee and Sue Ellen Penner, Lot 64, Serenoa Lakes, $99,500.
Killian, Michael F. and Elizabeth L., to Mary H. Reilly, and John J. Griffin, Lot 61, Riviera Club Village at Longwood Run, Phase II, $128,500.
Serenoa Lakes Development Inc. to Stephen John and Elizabeth Anne Baker, Gavin James and Carl Jonathan Baker, Lot 10, Serenoa Lakes, $121,500.
McCauley, Donald and Diane C., to Robert H. Jr. and Wanda Ruth Byler, Lots 15682, 15683, South Venice, Unit 59, $107,000.
Tenth Way Corp. to Ann M. Walters, Lot 62, Spring Oaks, Unit 11, $90,000.
Lllla Fountain, Richard S., to Virginia C. Elsen, Portion of Section 11, Township 40s, Range 19e, $120,000.
Brady, James L., to Mortgage Electronic Registration System Inc., Lot 113, Unit 4, Glen Oaks Country Club Estates, $77,000.
Lacy, Justin E. III and Patricia M., to John C. and Suzanne M. Southerland, Lot 62, Lakes Estates III of Sarasota, $322,500.
Metruck, Diannne and Jason C., to Julian and Constanza Carmona, Lot 1158, Lake Sarasota, Unit 12, $149,000.
Wood Street Investment Co. to Garden Terraces LLC and Avenue Park LLC, Portion of Section 29, Township 36s, Range 18e, $3,000,000.
Karl, Jean T., to Don A. Kraft, Unit 7152, Tallywood Condominium, Phase I, $92,000.
Jones, Michael E., to John M. and Marjorie L. McCall, Lot 32, Block G, Desoto Acres, $149,000.
Divosta and Company Inc. to Louis and Sheila Freitas, Lot 188, Villagewalk, Unit 1B, $241,900.
Mason, April K., to Peter and Rose Maltese, Lot 8, Southpointe Meadows, $153,000.
MBC Acquisition Corp. to Hawkeye Real Estate LLC, Lot 11-9, Block F, Homewood Park, $1,200,000.
U.S. Home Corp. to John Basamonte, Lot 93, Rivendell, Unit 3-D, The Woodlands, $364,900.
Fiore, Richard J. and Lucille A., to Sanford and Carol Cooper, Unit 2-B, Colony Beach and Tennis Club Condominium, $244,000.
Degenstein, Lore A., to B. Thomas M. Jr. and Mary Lou Smith, Lot 20, Block E, The Highlands, Unit 5, $352,800.
Smith, Thom Alan, to Jenifer K. Davis, and Brenda Perron, Portion of Lot 12, Shady Oaks Subdivision, $122,300.
Monroe, Andrew P. and Mary E., to 1520835 Ontario Inc., Lot 2, Block B, Bay Isles, Unit 2, $700,000.
Zivkovich, Milica and Rade, to Timothy J. Poisson, Lots 4, 5, Block A, Warm Mineral Springs, $135,000.
Larry Monaco Homes Inc. to Martin W. and Susan M. Dietrich, Lot 67, Laurel Meadows, $240,700.
Bell, Richard P., to Christopher F. Bolgiano, and David A. Croxford, Lot 18, Longwood Villas, Unit 1, $182,500.
Gibraltar Homes at Silver Oak LLC to Bess M. Parrish, Lot 25, Vineyards of Silver Oak, $101,500.
Marrie, Brian Thomas, to Kelly O'Marrie, Lot 306, Ridgewood Estates, Addition 1, $90,500.
Leonard, W. Grant and Deneen A., to Mart and Lori J. Solu, Lot 96, The Lakes Estates, $280,500.
Dono, Roberta T., to Sunset Limited Investments LLC, Lot 7, Block 38, Gulf Gate, Unit 8, $133,000.
Westfield Homes of Florida Inc. to Karen A. Thompkins, Lot 16, Block D, Villa Rosa, Unit 1, Subdivision, $253,500.
Collard, C. William and Ellen J., to Harriet Lynn Maxwell, Unit 415, Tregate East Condominium, $79,500.
1060515 Ontario Inc. to Gary and Debra Bergstein, Lots 12, 11, Block 10, St. Armands Division of John Ringling Estates, $2,200,000.
McLaughlin, Richard E. and Brenda, to Michael Allocco, Lot 2, Block A, Peaceful Vista Homes Subdivision, $119,500.
Robinson, Susan, individual and trustee, to Dianne M. Prairie, Lot 16, The Meadows, Unit 3, $159,000.
U.S. Home Corp. to Herbert M. Joffe, and Ann R. Benmayor, Lot 27, Block O, Bobcat Trail, Phase 2, $205,400.
Knop, Claudia B., to Bryan A. Cobb, Lot 8, Block C, Corrected and Amended Plat of Revised Plat of East Gate Terrace Subdivision, $90,500.
Benoit, Daniel W., to Clifford J. and Joan A. Beverly, Lot 42, Sabal Trace, Unit 1, Subdivision, $217,500.
Beck, Derwood E. and Margaret Z., to Larry W. and Gilda C. Branch, Lots 16197, 16198, 16199, South Venice, Unit 61, $148,000.
Kollak, Adelaide S., to Robert G. Dudley, Lot 449, Harbor Isles Condominium, Section IV, $76,000.
Suntrust Bank, trustee, to Philip L. and Patricia A. Camillo, co-trustees, Lot 13, Block B, McClellan Park, $599,000.
Freeman, James D. and Michelle L., to Mark E. and Lynda L. Wetherson, Lot 1292, Ridgewood Estates, Addition 20, $129,900.
Rabeier, Elisabeth S., to Sheela Chapman, Portion of Lots 5, 6, Block H, Granada, $175,000.
Navas, Ivana, to Jodee L. Holahan, Unit 7312, The Lakeside Club of Sarasota, Condominium, $126,500.
Prestia, Robert J. and Terrie, to Edward M. and Lori A. Everett, Lot 5, Block E, Green Acres, $130,000.
Nagy, Charles K. Jr. and Agnes M., individuals and trustees, to Robert J. and Sarah J. Gehrke, trustees, Lot 34163, Heritage Lake Estates, $236,000.
Tingle, Kristy S., to Melba Talbot, Lot 9, Block B, Siesta Heights, $136,600.
Lee, David W., and McCobb, Charlotte M., as co-personal representative, to Courtney Westlake, and Sheryl Rosen, Lot 50, Unit 3, Siesta Isles Subdivision, $328,500.
Catalano, John and Barbara, to James S. Jr. and Bernice Rogers, Unit 201, Building 53, Bird Bay V Condominium, $92,500.
Yoder, Merrill, to Steven Sanchez, Lot 11, Block D, Desoto Acres, $446,700.
Leblanc, A. Kendall and Maralee, to James G. and Karen E. Hall, Lot 151, Unit 2, Venice Acres Subdivision, $159,900.
Acorn Management LLC to Melba Talbot, Lot 19, Block B, North Vamo Subdivision, Plat 1, $133,500.
Jensen, Donna McCarthy, trustee, to Marlene E. Barry, Portion of Section 13, Township 39s, Range 18e, $325,000.
Sanquiche, Freddie S. and Sandra, to Glenn Jr. and Sandra C. Price, Lot 760, Kensington Park, Unit 6, $100,000.
Pedrero, Judy L., to Robert Rono Ronzan, Lots 3, 5, Block D, All States Park, $110,000.
Swilley, Claude and Regina, to Jeffrey and Fawn Jolly, Lot 1256, Ridgewood Estates Addition 21, $161,900.
Lapa, Alice, to Geoff and Janet Sweetsir, Lot 8, Block C, Clark Meadows, $90,000.
Hodgson, David E. and Lacey Thomas, to Lyle K. and Donna J. Shaw, Lot 50, Oak Court, Phases 2-A and 2-B, $246,000.
Arnold Development of Southwest Florida LC to Owen M. and Beverly J. Jansen, Lot 142, Villas of Sabal Trace Subdivision, $130,100.
Nohl Crest Homes Corp. to James B. and Genevieve Christophersen, Lot 17, Block B, Heron Creek, Unit 1, $243,100.
Lytzki, Kirk K., to Douglas and Jill M. Mersek, Lot 15, Block 39, Venice East, Addition 3, $108,900.
Crissy, Bruce M. Sr., to Francis P. DeJoseph, trustee, Unit 2243, Building 5, Terraces of Forest Lakes Condominium, $160,000.
Fried, Katarina, to Bradley W. Smith Jr., Unit 1213, Renaissance I Condominium, $330,500.
Rivendell Joint Venture to U.S. Home Corp., Lot 48, Rivendell, Unit 3-D, The Woodlands, Lots 90, 98, Rivendell, Unit 5, The Woodlands, $211,000.
Levy, Daniel H. and Gayle H., to Scott L. and Kate Petersen, Lot 14, Block A, Sabal Cove Subdivision, $1,700,000.
McLain, Christine F., to Christine F. and Virginia R. McLain, Lot 5, Block E, Oyster Bay Estates, $136,100.
Eldridge, David L. Sr. and Debra K., to James and Joan Sheridan, Lot 46, Serenoa, $408,000.
Spaugh, Stephen L. and Sandra E., to Ralph V. and June M. Kinney, trustees, Unit 320, Building 22, Farmington Vistas at the Plantation Condominium, $114,900.
Nason, June M., to Carmen T. Castro, Lot 50, Cedar Creek, Unit IV Amended, $137,000.
Dudley, Naomi N., to Leonard G. Ball, Lot 644, Kensington Park, Unit 5, $103,000.
Palmer, Samuel and Lucille, to Richard O. and Barbara J. Kelso, Unit V-108, Strathmore Riverside Villas, Section 1, Condominium, $122,900.
Stewart, Shirley, to John A. Langmann, Unit 518, Section 5, South Gate Village Green Condominium, $110,000.
Story, Bobby N. and Olivia D., to Eric H. and Elizabeth A. Blackmon, Lot 11, Block R, Ridgewood, Addition 1, $100,000.
Manley, Jeffrey D., to Deborah R. Xlinger, Lot 7, Block 66, South Gate, Unit 17, $135,000.
Anthony, Steven R., and Calhoun, Shane A., to Lisa Siegfried Bohn, Lot 204, Ridgewood Estates, Addition 15, $110,000.
Cloud, John V. and Diana W., to Donald M. and Sandra B. Snyder, Portion of Lots 1, 7, Hansen Subdivision, $2,225,000.
Grove, James C., and Day, J. Robert, to Jeffrey A. Struehtemeyer, and Darren C. Rivers, Lot 9, Block 8, Village Green Estates, Unit B, $175,000.
Harris, Leslie S., individual and trustee, and Patricia, to John W. Curley, Unit 423, Stoneybrook Verandas, $203,000.
Kauffman Family Partnership 1 LTD to Courthouse Centre of Sarasota LTD, Portion of Lots 23, 25, 27, 29, 31, 33, 35, 37, 39, Block C, Revised Plat of Court House Subdivision, Lots 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38, 40, Block C, Revised Plat of Court House Subdivision, $4,015,600.
Cendant Mobility Financial Corp. to Zelda J. Schadt, Lot 6, Serenoa Lakes, $390,000.
Rose, Elaine K. and Christine M. and Dennis W., to Ronald and Constance Stonebreaker, Lot 7, Block C, Country Club Shores, Unit 3, Section 1, $575,000.
Haynes, Scott R. and Alma F., to Barry J. Mangels, Portion of Lots 690, 691, Desoto Lakes, Unit 12, $150,000.
Murphy, Frank P., as personal representative, to Chris Lundberg, Lot 1746, Venice Gardens, Unit 28, $85,000.
Wisdom, Howard Lynn, to Linda Fiori, Unit 1212, The Condominium on the Bay, Tower II Condominium, $570,000.
Howard, Robert G. Jr. and Theresa P., and Bruin, Ann H., to Palm Avenue Investments LLC, Lots 2, 8, Resub Lot 14, Block A, Plat of Sarasota, Lots 3, 8, Resub Lot 14, Block A, Plat of Sarasota, $164,300.
Williams, Frederick G., to Arthur S. and Lindsay A. Wardman, Unit M2-309-A, Seaplace V, Condominium, $485,000.
Johnson, Leonard A., to Elliott and Elizabeth O. Stevens, Lot 489, Overbrook Gardens, Unit 4, $145,000.
Durakis, George J. and Monica J., to R. Craig Adams, Lot 4, Block 23, Bird Key Subdivision, $910,000.
Jacobsen, Jeffrey L., to Troy and Amy B. Robinson, Portion of Lot 2, Block 29, Sarasota Beach Subdivision, $400,000.
Clayton, Robert Y. and Chong A., to Janet Y. Beaumont, and Denise A. Samson-Berntsen, Unit 6102, Bayou House Apartments Condominium, $120,000.
Centex Homes to Sydney C. and Veronica M. Love, Lot 5, Block I, Tatum Ridge, $255,100.
Centex Homes to Robert and Katerina H. Versovsky, Lot 16, Block D, Tatum Ridge, $158,300.
Redden, Mary Grace, trustee and individual, to Karl W. and Margaret Kurz, Unit 101, Building 53, Bird Bay V Condominium, $87,000.
Sklar, Robert E., to Ioan P. and Camella A. Albu, Lot 1326, Venice Gardens Subdivision, Unit 29, $118,000.
Denco Properties (Florida) Inc. to Herbert E. Dunnington, trustee, Unit 202, Building 4, Bouchard Gardens, Phase 1, Condominium, $383,300.
Daniels, Christopher B. and Margo A., to Alan H. Hamm, and Carey C. Beachy, Lot 4, Block B, Sarasota Highlands Subdivision, $104,900.
Arlia, Albert P., to Alexander A. and Gloria H. Knox, Unit 8, Model E, Center Gate Estates Village Condominium, Section II, $161,500.
Bowditch, Edwin A. and Dorothy E., individuals and co-trustees, to Results Inc., Lots 13, 14, Block 1, St. Armands Division of John Ringling Estates, $1,700,000.
Lutz, John C. and Barbara J., to Hans J. and Dana L. Mobius, Lot 4, Sarasota Ranch Club, $205,000.
Weaver, Danny A. and Donna M., to Ryan and Kimberly Schrag, Lot 5, Tangled Oaks Subdivision, $190,000.
Klauber and Botti Inc. to H and P Realty Group LLC, Lots 6, 8, Block 5, Plat of Sarasota, $750,000.
Nelson, Anton M., to Kyle Haughey, Lot 12, Center Gate Estates, Unit 1, Phase 1-A, $169,000.
Keesecker, Robert B. and Neva J., to Monika Salih, Lot 4, Block A, Matheny Subdivision, $282,000.
Bradfield, Frances, to Jill N. Baruch, Unit 28, Building 5, Arboreal, Phase II Condominium, $115,900.
Gustas, Ronald A. and Diane R., to Diane R. Gustas, Lot 25, Shadow Oaks Estates Subdivision, $80,500.
Olympia Development Group Inc. to The Milman Familyn Limited Partnership, Portion of Section 1, Township 37s, Range 18e, $5,142,500.
Rent to Own of Sarasota Inc. to Sean and Stacey Cheeseman, Lot 5, Creek Lane Subdivision, Number 2, $84,000.
Zaher Investment Group Inc. to Agim and Rudma Kodra, Lot 2319, Park Trace Estates, $250,900.
Igicar, Smiljka, to Lance D. Wiegand, Lot 22, Block B, Kew Gardens, $85,000.
Barber, Donald and Joanne, to David M. and Anne M. Holland, Lot 1, Aqualane Estates, Unit 2, $1,880,000.
Miller, Stanley G., trustee, to Kenneth J. and Agnes M. Borden, Unit 237, Building F, Bella Costa, Unit II Condominium, $140,000.
Zaloudek, Mark F., to Ruth D. Ezekiel, Unit 3367, Crooked Creek, Section 7 Condominium, $87,500.
O'Day, Florian V., trustee, to Jerome E. and Barbara Ann O'Day, Portion of Block E, Palm Grove Subdivision, $85,000.
U.S. Home Corp. to Jerry D. and Joan H. Cauley, trustees, Lot 227, Heritage Oaks Golf and Country Club, Unit 1, $269,800.
U.S. Home Corp. to Craig A. and Donna M. Soper, Lot 10, Rivendell, Unit 4-A, The Woodlands, $256,100.
U.S. Home Corp. to Sarah R. Whetstone-McSweeney, Lot 117, Heritage Oaks Golf and Country Club, Unit XII, $326,600.
U.S. Home Corp. to Vaalana Mitchell, and Barbara Walrath, Lot 3803, Block 38, Heritage Oaks Golf and Country Club, Unit XIV, $202,000.
Morrison Homes of Florida Inc. to Josefina Dolores T. Fenix, Lot 64, Meadow Walk, $212,400.
Berger, Matthew, and Georgi, Kamara, to Carol E. Wilder, Lot 30, Block 2, Bird Key Subdivision, $450,000.
Jack Horner Construction Inc. to Patrick M. O'Brien, Lot 7, Giannini Place, Phase 2, $266,500.
Heater, R. Brian and Vanessa, to Scott W. Barrett, Lot 91, Palm Lakes Subdivision, $109,000.
McNabb, Robert C. and Susan W., to Benjamin L. and Sharon H. Kunkel, Lot 25, Shenandoah, $235,200.
Methven, Robert J., to Ruby M. Huggins, Portion of Section 16, Township 38s, Range 18e, $2,000,000.
Millette, Selma A., and Fullwood, Joseph H., to Daniel A. and Susie S. Beiler, and David P. and Beverly A. Beiler, Lot 23, Block N, Unit 8, Forest Lakes Country Club Estates, $220,000.
Jahr, Richard T. and Joan M., to Peter E. and Nancy S. Schuchard, Lot 11, Block A, Calusa Lakes, Unit 1, $299,000.
Kane, Elizabeth S. L., trustee, to Paul and Suzanna M. Hartzler, Lot 289, The Estates of Chestnut Creek III, $230,000.
Waterford Land Company Inc. to Charles F. and Rosalind Cunningham, Unit 2203, L'Pavia Condominium, $109,900.
Rand, Irvin Jerome, to Thomas L. and Celeste Parks, Lot 5, Block 5, Bird Key Subdivision, $399,000.
Rivendell Cottage Holdings LLC to Lawrence P. Jr. and Carolyn B. Ruckert, Lot 82, Rivendell, Unit 1, $202,300.
Lengacher, Larry D. and Paula, to James and Gillian Whatmore, Lots 1, 3, Block B, Brunks Addition to The City of Sarasota, $145,000.
Mase, Jeffrey R. and Cheryl L, to Jennifer A. Almeida, Lot 19, Greenfield, $199,000.
JP Special Enterprises LLC to James E. and Verna K. Gibson, Lots 24, 25, Block B, Mira Mar Subdivision, $450,000.
Badger, James K. and Carolynn I., to Zvonko and Anka A. Cabo, Unit 806, Phase 1, Casarina Condominium, $600,000.
Grand River Real Estate Corp. to Jack L. Shelton, Parcel 24, Sarasota Polo Club, $850,000.
Denco Properties Florida Inc. to Rachel L. Soucy, and Paul D. Woods, and Katherine R. Panaia, Unit 202, Building 12, Bouchard Gardens, Phase 2, Condominium, $240,000.
Eppard, Walter C., to Valzal Enterprises LLC, Lots 3, 5, Block C, North Audubon Place, $85,000.
Florida Budget Realty LLC to Good Homes of Manasota Inc., Lot 1099, Sarasota Springs, Unit 10 Subdivision, $82,500.
Phillips, Casey M. and Cheryl A., to Kenneth R. and Lynn M. Fromer, Lot 33071, Venice Gardens Subdivision, Unit 33, $155,000.
Rambo, Sarasota E., to Gladys Hamilton, trustee, Unit 1216, Pinestone at Palmer Ranch 12, Condominium, $138,000.
O'Donnell, Thomas J. and Patrick B., to Joan Castellani, Unit 1502, Building 1, Sunset Beach of Longboat Key, Condominium, $519,000.
Sarasota Renaissance II to Frederick James Costin, Unit 1512, Renaissance I Condominium, $195,000.
Neely, L. Melvin and Barbara A., to James D. and Janice L. Reckard, Lot 46, The Preserve At Misty Creek, Unit 4, $389,000.
Chapman, Vicki R., and Harfield, Glenna A., to John F. Jr. and Virginia H. Gill, Lot 57, Block 1, Village Green Club Estates, Unit A, $230,000.
Yull, Gregory A. and Lara V., to Joel H. and Lynn S. Smolka, Lot 9, Torreya Subdivision, $572,500.
Costin, Fred J., to Jeffrey Innocenti, Unit 1924, Pinestone at Palmer Ranch 19, Condominium, $178,500.
Knuckles, Jeffrey J., to CDCT Investments Inc., Portion of Tract 108, Venice Groves, $1,100,000.
Kurz, Raymond C. and Ha N., to Michael T. and Diane M. Robbins, Lot 12, Paddocks West, $180,000.
Midboe, Kathleen I., to Beatrice Sears, Unit 15, Crestwood Villas of Sarasota Condominium, Section II, $185,900.
Jacobson, Karl E. III, to Frank C. Mercurio, and Faith Elwing, Lot 9, Palm Isles, $269,000.
Lanning, L. Jeanne, trustee, to Stephen R. and Sheryl L. Lanning, Portion of Section 11, Township 37s, Range 18e, $269,000.
Kepecz, Steven, to Carter U. and L. Teza Lord, Lots 40, 42, 44, Block C, Washington Park, $260,000.
Hausch, James P. and Elizabeth J., to Kristine D. Davis, Lot 87, Bent Tree Village Subdivision, $225,000.
Lynn, Kenneth D., individual and trustee, to Doris C. Lloyd, Lot 25, Ashley Oaks, $162,000.
Crem Enterprises Inc. to The Platinum Group Inc., Lot 20, Sarasota County Interstate Business Center-North, Phase 1, $375,000.
Meyer, Madeleine C., individual and trustee, to Henry A. III and Pauline A. Monsen, Unit 704, Whispering Sands Condominium Village, Section 7, $425,000.
Sacharow, Allan, as personal representative, to Sheila Marie Martin, Villa V-245, Strathmore Villas Condominium, Section 3, $132,000.
McCoy, Lowell L. and Frances S., to Daniel C. and Sally J. Yoder, Lots 26, 28, 30, Myakka Country, $75,000.
Robbins, Michael T. and Diane M., to Philip J. Anderson, and Amy L. Wright, Lot 6, Block A, First Addition to Cedar Grove, $135,000.
Fields, Evelyn Linguanti, individual and trustee, and William, to Patricia A. Burrer, Unit 1005, Essex House Condominium, $410,000.
Cooper, Kelly Ann, to Greg C. Hemmerick, Unit 20, Beekman Lakes Condominium, $170,500.
Carlson, Robert H. and Maria M., to Jessie K. Nixon, Lot 242, Sarasota Springs, Unit 2 Subdivision, $129,000.
Arbuckle, Larry K., and Shelton, Jack L., to The Dream in the Sky Inc., Portion of Section 4, Township 36s, Range 19e, $750,000.
Ayres, Robert D., and Annette Gillespie, to Nancy C. Arnold, Lot 636, Kensington Park, Unit 5, $105,000.
Deninger, Charles P. and Barbara C., to Peter Charles and Laura Deninger, Portion of Block H, Resub Rio Vista, $76,800.
Norris, Donald J. and Beverly M., to Richard J. and Cheryl L. Brand, Lot 174, Waterford Tract K, Phase 3, $305,000.
Pilch, Douglas, and Mullin, Linda, to Charles E. and Marilyn S. Crocker, Lot 15, Block 14, Unit III, Pinebrook South, $194,000.
Trotter Homes Inc. to George and Jacqueline Wileman, Lot 66, Whitestone at Southwood, Unit II, Phase III, $213,700.
Kelly, Gregory L. and Ann Marie, to Charles A. Malkerson, and Carolyn B. Hall II, Lot 17, Gulf Shores 2, $365,000.
Bairos, Ronald C. and Elina C., to Jerry and Jacquelyn S. Dunning, co-trustees, Lot 29, Bent Tree Village Subdivision, Unit 3, $550,000.
Sullivan, Frank O. and Joan T., to Robert J. Hamilton, and Cornella Hill, Unit 502, Gulf Shores Condominium, $365,000.
Blake, Richard J. and Cheryl, to Paul A. and Priscilla F. Nichols, Unit 593, Harbor Isles Condominium, Section 4, $78,000.
Gordon, Anna N. and Valentina and Alexandra, and Stasiuk, Tamara, to Roy L. and Jill M. Kosobucki, Lot 13, Block 25, Warm Mineral Springs, Unit 82, Subdivision, $95,000.
Miller, J. Fred III, individual and trustee, and Angela M., to Toscany Land Acquisition Company LLC, Portion of Government Lot 1, Section 26, Township 38s, Range 18e, $1,600,000.
Tak Construction Corp. to David H. and Lorna M. and Kelly Abercrombie, Lot 1046, Lake Sarasota, Unit 12, $144,000.
Cowan, Loretta J., to Matthew D. and Kelly M. Sims, Portion of Lots 12, 13, Colony Lake Subdivision, Unit 1, $163,400.
Navarra on the Key LLC to Helen R. Perez, Unit 5235-B, Navarra On The Key Condominium, $100,800.
McNally, Todd J., to Samuel Adelstein, Lot 48, Block A, Georgetown, Unit 2, $155,000.
Solu, Mart and Lori, to John and Margaret Zachary, Lot 110, Saddle Creek, Unit 3, $370,000.
Hargrove, Barbara M., to Denis and Mary A. O'Connor, Lot 221, Bent Tree Village, $196,000.
White, Shirley D., and Mathers, Sammie P., co-trustees, to Richard W. Sieb, Unit 9, Building A, Imperial Place Condominium, $75,000.
Davis, Charles E., to Laura B. Lapidus, Lot 2051, Sarasota Springs, Unit 17, $109,900.
Centex Homes to Jeffrey R. Mase, Lot 29, Block J, Tatum Ridge, $306,600.
Divosta and Company Inc. to Marilyn M. and Richard P. Grossman, Lot 112, Villagewalk, Unit 1B, $308,900.
Roettele, Donald L. and Dorothy L., to Ulla Searing-Dupont, trustee, Unit 72, Tessera Condominium, $1,650,000.
Lacey, Timothy, and Deborah, to Fred Bryan and Kim Urbuteit, Lot 38, Block C, Sorrento Shores, Unit 4, $370,000.
Peninsula Property Holdings Inc. to Shouha Inc., Lot 3, Block 10, Lots 2, 3, Block 11, Lot 3, Block 12, Lots 1, 4, Block 13, Bobcat Villas, Phase 2, Subdivision, $741,000.
Tremmmewan, Paul G. and Glenda, to John T. and Margaret E. Almond, Lot 17, Arbor Oaks, $225,000.
Golov, Joseph and Ruth C., individuals and trustees, to Todd M. Hess, Portion of Lots 26, 27, Block 9, St. Armands Division of The John Ringling Estates, $1,100,000.
Divanna, Frank, to Diane L. Derome, Lots 20, 18, Block O, Cottage In The Pines, $124,000.
Forbes, Nancy A., to Troy Paulson, and Kim Flerlage, Lot 16, Block F, Coral Cove, Unit 1, $224,900.
Dorf, Julian A. and Joan M., to R. A. Walling, Unit 404, Building 4, Harbour Oaks At Longboat Key Club, Condominium, $300,000.
Frey, Robert C. and Debra D., to John V. and Sandra J. Heires, Lot 6, Laurel Oak Estates, Section 1, $580,000.
Burton, Ralph and Margaret, to Hazel A. Mikalonis, Unit 76, Strathmore Villa Condominium Apartments, $78,500.
Manatee Ventures Inc. to Morrison Homes Inc., Lots 31, 64, 65, 80, Summerwood II, $183,000.
Sunvest Enterprises Inc. to Jeffrey Scott Boykin, Lots 271, 269, Nokomis Manor Nature's Park, $109,000.
Miller, Mark and Elizabeth, to Kevin and Tammy Dever, Lot 15, Block A, Lot 16, Block A, Broadway Subdivision, $170,000.
Divosta and Company Inc. to Arthur A. Prutsalls, Lot 102, Villagewalk, Unit 1B, $324,800.
Pflaum, Fred S., and Freda Wagner, to Patrick J. and Laurie H. Doyle, Portion of Lot 13, Re-Sub Blocks 1, 2, 3, 4, Roberts Point, $1,175,000.
O'Brien, Patrick Michael, to Ronald and Elina Bairos, Lot 19, Block C, Villa Rosa, Unit I, $239,000.
Zuniga, Ramon and Veronica, to William R. Sr. and Reba V. Garrison, Lot 37, Block G, South Gate Ridge, Unit 3, $124,000.
Whitehead, Philip H. and Caroline S., to Richard A. and Diane M. Higgins, Unit 316, Building 9, Phase II, Pine Hollow Condominium, $97,500.
The Venice Foundation Inc., trustee, to Daniel W. Schaffner, Lot 15, Block B, Unit 1, Country Club Estates, $275,000.
Levin, A. Elizabeth, to Fred Allen Tyre, Lot 2, Longwood Villas, Unit 1, $142,500.
Williams, Jarvis L. and Eleanor S., to Robert and Barbara Schaal, Unit 18, Chatsworth Greene Condominium, $263,000.
Oldenburg, Frances C., to Metzger Properties Inc., Lot 1004, Sarasota Springs, Unit 9, $116,000.
Eaches, Gary G. and Jennifer J., to Emmanuel Fanourakis, Lot 102, Town and Country Estates, Unit 2, $150,000.
Steiner, Donald G. and Bianca, to Terrance W. and Marie Alden, Portion of Section 2, Township 38s, Range 18e, $254,000.
Schmitt, Jane A., and Roark, Patrick J. and Diana Mary, to Richard J. and Lucille A. Flore, Unit G4-310-D, Seaplace III Condominium, $328,000.
Busch, Jacob A. and Jacqueline D., to Ellen K. Nelson, Lot 101, Kensington Park, Unit 2, $103,000.
Hegener, Allen J. and Lora L., to Michael B. and Sheryl A. Edwards, Lot 80, Laurel Oak Estates, Section 2, $525,000.
Barthard, Kenneth W. and Linda D., to Shaun P. Cumston, Lot 559, Kensington Park, Unit 5, $105,000.
Paland, Ronald A. and Mary Jane, to Susan A. Hughes, Unit 49, Springlake Condominium, $127,000.
Stives, Douglas, and Hekker, Lois M., individuals and co-trustees, to Stephen Breen, and Tammy L. Orban, U.S. Lot 2, Section 26, Township 38s, Range 18e, $170,000.
Casey, William and Pamala, to Bridget Spence, Unit 313, Brookside Condominium, $87,500.
Bassett, Kenneth William and Janet H., to Robert H. and Patricia S. Harkins, Portion of Section 2, Township 39s, Range 18e, $535,000.
Lefevre, Thomas J., to Carmela Davano, and Cynthia D'Atria, Lot 9, Block B, Portion of Lot 8, Block B, Holiday Harbor, Unit 1, $225,000.
Davidovich, Igor A. and Nelli, and Trexler, John and Larina, to Michael and June M. Hoop, Unit 45A, Summerside Condominium, $81,000.
Caithness Construction Inc. to John C. and Helen A Pape, Lot 16, Preserve at Mission Valley, $140,000.
Caithness Construction Inc. to Richard J. and Janet H. Hazen, Lot 17, Preserve at Mission Valley, $140,000.
Anderson, Betty L., to Mary E. Morgan, Lot 558, Venice Gardens, Unit 10, $95,000.
Land Trust Service Corp., trustee, to Karen O'Connell, Lots 14185, 14189, South Venice, Unit 54, $180,800.
Southwick, Phyllis, to Beth J. Ferris, Lot 681, Venice Gardens, Unit 11, $149,500.
Russell, Lavonn and Marlalice L., to Martin and Jenny Bregman, Unit 222, Building M, Bird Bay II Condominium, $122,500.
Fuss, Peter S., to Duane and Jean Colegrove, Lot 800, Englewood Gardens, Unit 3, $75,000.
Stiers, Elizabeth, to Thomas and Patty Monaghan, Lots 1, 2, Block 176, South Venezia Park Section of Venice, $190,000.
Hudson, Orville, to Terri and Robin F. Kieser, Lot 118, Sunset Beach, Unit 1, $106,400.
Edwards, Raymond L. and Sally L., to Todd J. and Angelic C. Prinsen, Lot 1012, Addition 18, Ridgewood Estates, $127,000.
Anderson, Richard E. and Lisa S., to Abraham A. Sr. and Emma L. Abreo, Lot 8, Serenoa Lakes, $496,000.
Engel, Amy M. and Charles C., and Morrison, Mary L., to Kenneth E. King Jr., and Elyse A. Ferragamo, Lot 364, Venice Gardens, Unit 6, $100,000.
Lennar Homes Inc. to Lynn S., and Milford J. Inganamort, Lot 90, Barton Farms, Unit 1, $270,000.
Millard, Kevin C. and Patricia J., to Wallace A. and Carol A. Kooyman, Lot 116, The Preserve at Misty Creek, Unit 2, $420,000.
Babiarz, Frank and Vicki, to Michael A. and Jill B. Babiarz, Lot 1074, Kensington Park, Unit 9, $75,000.
Van Antwerp, Danna, to William E. Snell, Lot B, Block 29, Southgate, Unit 9, $149,000.
Daniello, Carmine, to Michael and Andrea Seager, Lots 22, 23, Block D, James S. Hall's Subdivision, $289,000.
Lennar Homes Inc. to Maria A. and David Alan Walker, Lot 88, Barton Farms, Unit 1, $351,600.
Boutwell, Sherri L., to Kevin M. and Edith H. Kelly, Lot 148, Unit 2, Venice Acres Subdivision, $245,000.
Shipman, Kempton N. and Claire M., to Richard and Doris Reddington, Portion of Section 36, Township 38s, Range 18e, $175,000.
Devaney, Everett M. and Elizabeth, to Jennifer Yankowski, Lot 40, Denham Acres, Unit 1, $108,000.
Hajroja, Susan and Majdin, to Sherri L. Boutwell, Lots 25, 26, Block A, Warm Mineral Springs, Unit 63, $78,000.
Levanti, Kenneth R. and Sheree Lynn, to Kenneth C. Webber, Lot 8, Block 88, South Gate, Unit 22, $160,000.
Ciancio, Dominick, to Leora E. Douglas, Lots 8798, 8799, 8800, Unit 31, South Venice, $110,000.
Rochette, Frederick H. and Mary M., trustees, and individuals, to Earl L. and Neva J. Pigeon, Lot 24, Ashley Place, $170,000.
Hansen, George F. and Winifred L., to James J. and Anicka G. Rodgers, Lot 18, Shore Oaks, $420,000.
Steve Lawrence Homes Inc. to Sara J. Bender, Lot 20, Colony Groves, $158,000.
Anderson, David C. and Patricia M., to Katharine M. Weist, Lot 445, Venice Golf and Country Club, Unit II-E, $272,500.
Mitchell, David M., to Oculus Inc., Portion of Lots 37, 39, Block 2, Plat of Sarasota, $500,000.
Hunt, Marilyn S., trustee, to Bradford J. and Sarah A. Gothard, Lot 360, Desoto Lakes, Unit 6, $129,900.
Calcorzi, Julio and Teresa, to Richard and Denise Bobbitt, Lot 1644, Lake Sarasota, Unit 18, $135,000.
Warren, John and Patricia and Gaye, Donna M., to D and K Holdings LLC, Lot 12, Block A, Wildwood Gardens Subdivision, $116,500.
Pflug, Maureen A., to Michele Marks, Unit 524, Sorrento Villas, Section 5, Condominium, $127,500.
Merkousko, Henry and Carol A. and Craig A., to Thomas A. Moseley, Lot 2, Block 4, East Gate, Unit 1, $120,500.
Colon, Jose A., and Ramirez, Norma, to Gary G. and Jennifer J. Eaches, Lot 21, Country Manor, Unit 1, $225,100.
Klein, Peter F., and Elkheart, Pallas Eugenia, to James C. and Brenda F. Nelms, Lot 30, Parcel I, Parcels I and J, at Turtle Rock, $487,500.
Smith, Scott H., to Mark Bettis, Lot 11, Block B, McClellan Park, $350,000.
Almeida, Jennifer A., to Robert H. and Suzanne M. Hughes, Lot 87, Barton Farms, Unit I, $300,000.
Benz, John S. and Tracy L., to David and Michelle Watts, Lot 508, Ridgewood Estates Addition 6, $120,000.
The Wolfman Corp. to Tavin A. Kaminsky, Lot 83, Southbay Yacht and Racquet Club, $142,700.
Snyder, Donald M. and Sandra B., to Donald C. Jr. and Allison A. Fee, Lot 15, Westbrook Subdivision, $1,075,000.
O'Connor, Denis and Mary, to Adolfo M. and Eva L. Valenzuela, Lot 1791, Sarasota Springs, Unit 15, $96,500.
Petitto, Steven and Flora, to Joseph C. and Kimberly R. Peters, Lot 64, Desoto Lakes, Unit 3, $140,100.
Divosta and Company Inc. to Richard A. Rose, trustee, Lot 158, Villagewalk, Unit 1B, $258,900.
Noe, Jeanne L., individual and trustee, to P and S Properties Inc., Lots 21, 23, 25, Block H, Addition 1 to Roseland Park, $270,000.
Srivastva, Suresh and Indira, to Eric J. Ried, and Alka Frivastva, Unit 606, Fairway Woods, Section 2 Condominium, $210,000.
Alvanos, Costas S. and Edna T., to Sam and Marilyn Mondry, Lot 166, Glen Oaks Manor Homes, Phase 2, $145,000.
Hegge, Ronald E. and Kathleen G., to David and Margaret Seng, Lot 47, The Preserve at Misty Creek, Unit 5, Phase 1, $378,000.
Champiny, Dawn M., to Harry S. and Lynne P. Hammond, Lot 27, Bent Tree Village, Unit 2, $310,000.
Waltz, Paul D. Jr. and Jennifer, to John P. and Sandra G. Antico, Lot 103, Oaks I, Plat of Oaks, $675,000.
Mondry, Sam and Marilyn, individuals and trustees, to Dean A. and Jane M. Denman, Lots 13, 15, Block C, Desota Park, $499,000.
Divosta and Company Inc. to David Francis and Eleanore Anna Carroll, Lot 103, Villagewalk, Unit 1B, $318,500.
Divosta and Company Inc. to Alvin and Janice D. Frankel, Lot 159, Villagewalk, Unit 1B, $258,900.
Westfield Homes of Florida Inc. to Lora E. Rush, Lot 4, Block B, Villa Rosa, Unit 1, Subdivision, $217,300.
Doering, R. Earl and Ronetti, to Lisa Ashley Tichenor, Unit 11, Hudson Oaks Condominium, $189,000.
Clapp, David A., individual and trustee, and Bonner, Dorothy A., and Clapp, Steven W., to Altom M. and Jennifer G. Maglio, Lot 5, The Booth Preserve, $190,000.
Snider, Sharon, trustee, to Gordon R. and Carol A. Robinson, Unit 116, Mansota Beach Gardens, Building 1, Condominium, $128,000.
Parker, Thelma I. and Robert T., to Elaine A. Squires, Lot 7, Englewood Isles, Unit 6, $225,000.
Isaacs, Delbert K. and Victoria, to Andrew and Sarah Keck, Lot 50, Cedar Creek, Unit II, $172,500.
Teleflex Inc. to Bher Family Limited Partnership, Lots 47, 48, 49, 50, 69, 70, Eastern Industrial Park, Section II, $1,700,000.
Clayton, Wayne F. and Laurie C., and Cookish, Michael S. and Deborah D., to Wayne E. Reeves, Unit 120, Pine Run Condominium, Section II, $112,500.
Dandie Investments LLC to Jill E. Wenning, Lot 362, Pelican Pointe Golf and Country Club, Unit 7B, $189,900.
Schmalzbach, Sandra M., to Gerald A. Hearl, Unit 65, Palm Villas Condominium, $135,000.
Daniels, Roy Thomas and Gloria Jane, to Michela Hawkins, trustee, Unit 7005, Tallywood, Phase I Condominium, $80,000.
Werner, Imogene B., to Laeeqa K. Ross, Unit 517, South Gate Village Green Condominium, Section 5, $100,000.
Larkin, Sean P. and Devon W., to Rudy W. Phillippes, Lots 1, 2, Block D, Rustic Lodge Subdivision, $139,000.
Anger, H. Rodger, individual and trustee, to Sharon A. Powers, Lot 28, Brenner Park, $268,000.
King, Doris and Peter, to David M. Strand, Lot 5, Lake Park, $375,000.
Dion, Jean, and Menard, Jeanne, to Glen H. and Diane W. Griffin, Lot 49, Parcel A-1, Turtle Rock, Unit 1, $275,000.
Castellano, Joseph F. and Cecillia M., to Joan E. Hauck, Lot 69, The Meadows, Unit 4, 4135,000.
Flanagan, Michael J. and Jessica D., to Thomas A. and Robert R. Lopez, Lots 8327, 8328, 8329, South Venice, Unit 30, $112,500.
Marple, Walter L. and Karen J., to John and Cherie Sleyter, Lot 71, Villagewalk, Unit 1A, $335,000.
Hildebrand, John C. Jr. and Julie Lynn and William Laird and Cynthia, to Bamboo Homes of Florida Inc., Lot 8, Point Crisp Addition, $850,000.
Westfield Homes of Florida Inc. to Colette Eppinger, Lot 14, Block D, Villa Rosa, Unit 1, Subdivision, $287,900.
Donooghue, Jane E., trustee, to Marjory L. Lasita, Unit 326, Baywood Colony Garden Apartments Condominium, $80,000.
Hall, Benjamin F., to William Scott and Danielle Larimer, Lot 1222, Lake Sarasota, Unit 13, $170,000.
Siers, Scott and Rebecca B., to Cendant Mobility Financial Corp., Lot 2, Block I, Cherokee Park, $749,000.
Landauer, Robert S. Jr., individual, and Janice, trustee, to Adrienne Bank, trustee, Unit 31, Sarabande Condominium, $825,000.
Elenius, Kenneth J. and Carol T., to Cendant Mobility Financial Corp., Lot 4, Block C, South Gate Ridge, Unit 2, $134,900.
Cendant Mobility Financial Corp. to Nanette W. and Greg Dolby, Lot 4, Block C, South Gate Ridge, Unit 2, $134,900.
Jackson Hewitt Investment Services Inc. to Sarasota Land.Com Inc., Lot 8, Block 27, Resub Blocks 23, 27, Town of Sarasota, $168,000.
Wagner, Jeffrey F., to Richard H. and Julie Kiser Waldman, Unit 1604, The Condominium on the Bay Tower I, $500,000.
Sarasota Renaissance II to Vincent B. and Barbara B. Cimino, Unit 410, Renaissance I Condominium, $115,000.
Quirk, Quentin T. and Marlene A., to Michael and Maryane Lloyd, Unit 220, Capri West, Phase E, Condominium, $114,000.
Pell, Edward L. and Janet, to Katherine L. and Paul L. Gerhardt, Lots 10, 12, Block L, Ridgewood Subdivision, $165,000.
Olszeski, Judith Ann, to Roobin D. Stephenson, Unit 3267-204, Village Brooke Condominium 3, $94,700.
Walgreen Co. to Shreya Investments Inc., Portion of Section 1, Township 37s, Range 18e, $975,000.
Gadah, Anthony and Souad, to George F. Drury Inc., Portion of Section 22, Township 39s, Range 19e, $410,000.
Riley, Lawrence M. and Linda L., to Alberta L. Kennard, Lot 89, Deer Creek, Unit 2, $400,000.
Harzer, Manfred, to Manfred Harzer, and Elizabeth Levin, Lot 53, Southfield Subdivision, Unit 1, $88,000.
Rasmussen, Marc, to Sarkis Konsulian, Lot 21, Tarpon Point, Unit 1, Subdivision, $124,000.
Hansen, Laura Anna, to Gerald R. Brown, Lots 15, 13, 11, Block 18, Addition 3 to Bay Vista Boulevard Section of Englewood, $115,500.
Soriano, Carol G., to Christopher Manning, Lots 8733, 8734, South Venice, Unit 31, $115,000.
Middleton, Dillon R. and Judith Estelle, to Brian W. Hennies, and Rosemary Pokorny, Lots 10965, 10966, South Venice, Unit 41, $120,000.
Rolls, Ashley Dinneen, as guardian, to Garbo Brothers LC, Lot 5, Paulsen Place, $430,000.
Klein, Reinhold, to Gerald Wayne and Susan Henry Ham, Portion of Section 5, Township 37s, Range 19e, $82,100.
Kennard, Alberta L. and Kenneth C., to George A. and Leroy F. Manor, Unit 401, Building A, Bay Tree Club Condominium, $400,000.
Zimonyi, Ivan L. and Pilar S., to Maureen Pino, Unit 504, Building C, Bay Tree Club Condominium, $349,900.
Lewis, Ruth P., trustee and individual, to Gordon K. and Vernona Johnson, Lot 107, Myakka Valley Ranches, Unit 3, $150,000.
Katzenberger, Martin and Beverly, to Scott Bossard, Lot 12, Tuttle Heights, $146,500.
Abercrombie, Kelly, to Esprin and Maduray P. Reddy, Unit 15, Villa Le Grand, Condominium, $120,000.
Gault, Robert K. Jr., and Shannon Bolser, to George L. and Cheryl J. Pintea, Lot 3, Block G, Country Club Shores, Unit 5, Section 2, $1,064,000.
Westlake, Jason S. and Jennifer, to Bonnie L. Pickerill, Lots 1428, 1429, South Venice, Unit 5, $105,000.
Mayhood, Malinda L., to Christopher J. and Ashley Maddox, Lot 7, Block 150, South Gate Subdivision, Unit 35, $163,500.
Hayden, J. Gierri, to Evelyn Glassner Leffel, Lot 74, Glen Oaks Manor Homes, Phase I, $142,400.
Ninchritz, Barbara A., to Jeff Decola, and Helen K. Shaw, Lot 772, Venice Gardens, Unit 14, $115,000.
Collins, Norma Jean, to Jon Chisholm, and Stuart Ehrlich, Lot 73, Hamlet Groves Subdivision, $224,000.
Harris, Harry F. and Melinda I., to Wilmer and Arlette Stahlmann, Unit 801, Section 8, South Gate Village Green Condominium, $136,500.
Villa Ucci Properties Inc. to Fran and Heath Rosenstein, Lot 15, Block 1, Palm View Sub of Lot 93, $85,000.
Meyers, O. Warren, to Frank D. Brooks, Unit 8108, Stoneybrook Terrace Condominium II, $158,000.
Smith, Charles W. and Marion B., to Joseph Francis and Maureen White Bentley, co-trustees, Lot 19, Berkshire Place, $233,000.
Torrence, Robert J. and Kristine E., to Jansen Wood, Lot 3, Block B, Coral Cove, Unit 1, $260,000.
Mashburn, William E. and Barbara, to Raymond and Veronica Zuniga, Lot 13, Block 2, Sorrento Bayside Subdivision, $165,000.
Fewell, Janet K., to Thomas and Linda Villani, and Thomas and Dawn Leone, Lot 10, Block C, Villa Rosa, Unit 1, Subdivision, $216,900.
Burbol, Charles J., and Barrett, Scott W., to Esther Jaimez, and Stephen E. Mitteldorf, Portion of Section 16, Township 37s, Range 18e, $149,500.
Finch, Linda, trustee, to John and Faye Doyle, Lot 47, San Remo Estates, Unit 3, $1,280,000.
Daisley, Ida E., to Deborah Hanson, Lot 11, Paver Park Estates, Addition 1, $130,000.
Conroy, Joan, individual and trustee, to Daniel J. and Gloria J. Redden, Unit 13, Vivienda, $123,000.
Tharp, Kenneth and Elizabeth, to Dennis Pine, Lot 121, Desoto Lakes, Unit 4, $94,000.
Omerso, Richard L., trustee and individual, to David and Sara I. Alenduff, Lot 288, The Estates of Chestnut Creek III, $187,500.
Medvar, Keith J. and Jill A., to Brenda Goegh, and Mark Gaddin, Lots 116611, 16612, South Venice, Unit 62, $203,000.
Calamaras, Dean and Barbara J., to Lewis F. Clark Jr., and Josef Gartner, Lot 3, Block 6, Pinebrook South, Unit II, $262,000.
Meeker, Riley Morris and Patricia A., to Tony and Patricia Elaine Halstead, Lot 157, Southbay Yacht and Racquet Club Subdivision, $397,000.
Benson, John and Frances, to John and Nancy L. Hawryluk, Lot 21, Block 92, Venezia Park Section of Venice, $278,000.
Whitney, Suzanne T., to James F. and Gloria P. Hanrahan, Lot 13, Corey's Landing, $475,000.
Giampapa, Gary and Dale, to Richard D. and Lynn Barrie, Lot 4, Old Oaks Subdivision, $715,000.
Blue Heron Pond Associates to Caithness Construction Inc., Lots 2-11, 66-72, Blue Heron Pond, Unit 1, $660,300.
Heron Creek Associates LTD to Whitehall Quality Homes Inc., Lot 9, Block A, Heron Creek, Unit 2, $90,000.
Whitehall Quality Homes Inc. to Eric C. and Anita H. Clapp, Lot 9, Block A, Heron Creek, Unit 2, $103,500.
Samarco, Nancy, to Jodi P. Paterson, Lot 29, Deer Hollow, Unit 1A, $98,500.
Lewis, Nila, to Betty J. Shaffer, Unit 20, Woodside Terrace, Phase 2 Condominium, $135,000.
Propes, Kenneth R. and Jean C., to Donald S. Lathrop, Lot 250, The Country Club of Sarasota, $285,000.
Martin, Delfine N. and Linda L., to Fred and Nancy Fink, Unit 42, Chartwell Green Condominium, $115,000.
Fortner, William H. and Amanda K., to Chill Fales, Lot 1, Block 109, South Gate, Unit 26, $220,000.
Wynn, John S. and Janet L., to James R. and Shirley A. Buchannon, Lot 44, Country Creek, $262,000.
Ward, Elaine S. and Ralph E., to Thomas D. and Brenda D. Ward, Lot 9, Amberlea Subdivision, $300,000.
Warren, John H. and Catherine, to Denise M. Doyle, trustee, Unit 26, Jamaica Royale, Unit 1, Condominium, $275,000.
Woytek, Frank and Monika, to Ursula Hoos, Unit 1322, Plaza de Flores Condominium, $163,000.
Kuerth, Keith A. and Mary J., to Sharon L. Bakondy, Unit 409, Crescent Royale, Unit 2, Condominium, $320,000.
Anoaipha Inc. to William G. and Sherri T. Reynolds, Lots 930, 931, Sarasota Springs, Unit 8, $120,000.
Thomas, Dean K. and Elda R., to Patrick P. and Janine M. McCarthy, Lot 934, Pelican Pointe Golf and Country Club, Unit 6, $165,000.
Greenwald, Barbara S., individual and trustee, to Gary C. and Constant L. Swinkle, Lot 59, Venice Acres, Unit 2, $355,000.
Redden, Daniel J. and Gloria J., to Ronald J. Gagliardi, Unit 339, Tangerine Woods Condominium, Section I, Phase III, $79,000.
Gillan, Joseph A., to William B. Jr. and Dorothy A. Hancock, trustees, Unit 472, Building 30, Farmington Vistas at the Plantation, Condominium, $133,000.
Mesko, Stephen M. and Nancy P., to Donald E. and Belinda Sue Griffith, Unit 51, Harrington Lake Condominium, $167,000.
Willenborg, Dorothy F., individual and trustee, and Edward J., to Lawrence E. and Suzanne P. Willenborg, Lot 13, Block 3, Southwood, Section D, $140,200.
Lattanzio, Thomas D. and Adele B., to Clifford G. Spain, Lot 1136, Venice Gardens, Unit 16, $92,000.
Over, Richard H., trustee, and Cynthia C., trustee and individual, to Frank O. and Joan Sullivan, Unit 4, The Villas of St. Andrews Park at the Plantation, Condominium, $196,000.
McBride, Stephen trustee, to Jens Runyon, Unit 503, Gulf Horizons Condominium, $339,000.
Barnett, John M. and Denise M., to Greg Hulls, and Frances Toomey, Portion of Section 35, Township 38s, Range 18e, $77,500.
Walters, James W., individual and as personal representative, to Gregory R. and Marijo H. Novic, Lot 2, Block E, Sorrento South Subdivision, Unit 4, $351,000.
Waterford Land Company Inc. to Albert S. and Virginia W. Chappelear, Unit 3203, L'Pavia, Condominium, $117,000.
The Ryland Group Inc. to James C. and Arlene P. Hartrick, Lot 771, Pelican Point Golf and Country Club, Unit 8, $178,800.
McIntyre, Hugh F. Jr. and Frances, to Matthew and Connie G. Brown, Lot 8, Block 28, Sarasota Beach Subdivision, $162,500.
McIntyre, Ralph P. and Judith, to Matthew and Connie G. Brown, Lot 8, Block 28, Sarasota Beach Subdivision, $162,500.
Quincy, Fred S., individual and trustee, and Boehm, Lewis E., individual and trustee, to Gregory P. and Sally A. Ohe, Lot 47, Block A, Sorrento Woods, Unit 3, $307,000.
Petz Development Inc. to Larry E. and Mary Louise Mings, trustees, Lot 2356, Park Trace Estates, $76,900.
Cornelius, Hilda M., to Vanne L. Van Dyke, Lot 145, Sunset Beach, Unit 1, $89,900.
Gluh Investments of Sarasota LLC to Joseph Grandov, and Paulette Cutrone, Unit 129, Central Park II Condominium, $105,000.
Zachary, John and Margaret A., individuals and trustees, to George Mitev, and Janet E. Blum, Lot 26, Country Manor Subdivision, Unit 1, $260,000.
Marken, Melanie and Adam M., to Ryan and Emily Jasper, Lot 9, Block C, First Addition to Cedar Grove, $130,000.
Sweet, Elayne C. and Donald T., to Commack Realty Inc., Lot 985, Venice Gardens, Unit 21, $90,000.
Giannini, Raymond R. and Alix C., to Larry T. and Jacklyn P. Tyner, Lot 2, Country Manor, Unit 1, $228,500.
Bransfield, Mary, and McLaughlin, Jean M., to Anita Wells, Unit 9, Lake Tippecanoe, $78,000.
McDaniel, Raymond Neil and Christina D., to Eric C. and Christine M. Rogers, Lot 12, Town and Country Estates, Unit 1, $136,000.
Webb, Charles W., as personal representative, to Michael M. and Janice Braga, Lot 5, Block A, Desota Park, $170,000.
Johnson, Paula I., to David J. and Mary Lou Hawkes, Lot 22, Block E, Eastwood, Unit 2, $112,100.
King, Lala and Darrell, individual and trustee, and Ruth to William Rios, and Maria C. Feliciano, Portion of Section 27, Township 36s, Range 18e, $160,000.
Lander, John E. and Dolores A., to Roger and Dona Case, Lots 16123, 16124, South Venice, Unit 61, $128,000.
Akins, Hal P. and Tamra M., to Mark K. and Kimie Thompson, Lot 253, Desoto Lakes, Unit 5, $137,000.
Lose, G. William and Barbara Sue, to PMP LLC, Lots 20, 21, Block B, Floyd and Camaron Subdivision, $620,000.
Moos Investments Inc. to Chester H. and Mary F. Berne, Lot 21, Block 5, St. Armands Division of The John Ringling Estates, $450,000.
The Ryland Group Inc. to Loren D. and Barbara S. Alexander, Lot 775, Pelican Point Golf and Country Club, Unit 8, $146,700.
Anntenucci, Stella M., to Delbert K. and Victoria Isaacs, Unit 1123, South Gate Village Green Condominium, Section 11, $104,500.
The Ryland Group Inc. to Robert C. and Margaret J. Nagy, Lot 772, Pelican Point Golf and Country Club, Unit 8, $145,400.
Likens, Christopher, as personal representative, to Karl and Jean W. Aprans, Unit 244, Pine Run Condominium, Section III, $79,000.
Parker, Geerene, to Daniel R. and Doreen M. Shoemaker, Unit A-502, Portobello Condominium, $495,000.
Sauve, Paul R., to Thomas L. and Barbara L. Schwartz, Lot 12, Block B, Oyster Bay Estates, $567,000.
Divosta and Company Inc. to Sarah J. Dezago, Lot 106, Villagewalk, Unit 1B, $339,800.
Giarrano, Leonard and Darasy, to Harvey and Christine Davis, Lot 47, Woodmere Lakes, Unit 1, $161,000.
Devries, Robert E., to Dennis W. and Rosemary J. Jarboe, Unit 721, Central Park II Condominium, $105,000.
Rolando, Fred V. and Jolene M., to Jim and Barbara Delfino, Lots 5, 7, 6, 8, Block 4, Golf Estates, $149,900.
Rendemonti, Louis F. Jr. and Darlene M., to William H. IV and Claudine Marsh, Lot 87, Eastlakem, $307,000.
Hendricks, Clare, individual and trustee, to Robert Devries, Unit 604, Central Park II Condominium, $135,000.
Mumford, Vernard L. and Maxine E., to Nina Royal, Lot 6, Blossom Brook Subdivision, $136,700.
Gulotte, Louis G., to James H. Dorwarth, Portion of Lot 17, Block A, Towns-End Shores, $133,300.
Karoounos, Hildegarde, to Charles Franklin Wirick III, and Kim Michelle Wirick, Lot 22, Lakes Estates III of Sarasota, $222,000.
Kelly, Kevin M. and Edith Howard, to Neal and Josephine Lebar, Lot 12, Pine Ranch East Subdivision, $380,000.
Noll, Werner, to Lawrence and Nancy L. Parrott, Lot 13, Block 9, East Gate, Unit 1, $115,000.
Stanek, Lyle W. and Mary J., to Brenden R. and Patricia V. Curcio, Lot 60, Block C, Sorrento Shores, Unit 4, $375,000.
END
Brown, Pamela S., to M. Elisabeth Colentano, Lot 954, Sarasota Springs, Unit 9, $155,000.
Goldberg, Fred and Teresa, to Marilyn M. Hearon, Lot 503, The Lakes of Jacaranda, Unit 4, Subdivision, $235,000.
Kaufman, David Lee and Brandy Glueck, to Jonathan S. Kramer, Lot 76, Wellington Chase, Unit 2, $186,000.
Smith, Jeffrey W., to Tag B. Feld, Lot 47, Chimney Court, $214,000.
Padgett, Donald H. and Joan B., to Stephen A. Palmer, Portion of Lot 6, Cedar Hammock, Subdivision, $93,900.
Kelly, J. Kevin and Paula B., to Patrick R. and Lynne A. Mondella, Unit 40, Winslow Beacon Condominium, $115,000.
Roefs, Anthony B., to Michael and Traci Mercurio, Lots 18961, 18962, South Venice, Unit 71, $93,000.
Sinram, Edward F., and Lamano, Geraldine, to Kenneth Deetch, Lot 5, Block 25, Manasota Gardens, $176,000.
Englewood Professional Associates Inc. to Goodwill Foundation Inc., Portion of Lot 88, Plat of Englewood, $150,000.
Northern Trust Bank of Florida, NA, trustee, to Melissa D. McBride, Lot 57, Laurel Pines, $140,000.
Leavitt, Miles J. Jr., to Randall R. and Jo Anne McDevitt, Unit A-402, Portobello Condominium, $438,000.
Wilson, William J. and Nancy P., to McClaaren J. Malcolm, Lot 4, Pine Gardens Subdivision, $123,000.
Kendar Homes Corp. to Brian A. Cross, Mattie A. Jones, and Albert G. Jones, Lot 12, Block A, Laurel Grove Subdivision, $123,900.
Zimmer, Nicholas H., to Matthew T. and Cathy A. Wilson, Portion of Lot 16, Block 0, Inwood Park, $149,900.
Blasingame, Robert C. and Marjorie S., to Barnet and Edith F. Sack, Lot 24, The Meadows, Unit 2, $190,000.
Turkal, Peter J., to Roman Foltyn, Lot 14, Block 38, Gulf Gate, Unit 8, $125,600.
Arnold Development of Southwest Florida LC to Chester J. and Jane E. Mehring, Lot 79, Villas of Sabal Trace Subdivision, $146,900.
Hunniford, J. Theodore Jr., as personal representative, to Stefan J. and Erika Fedor, Lot 69, Cedar Creek Subdivision, Unit IV Amended, $136,000.
Arnold Development of Southwest Florida LC to Ray W. and Lois M. Mominey, Lot 80, Villas of Sabal Trace, Subdivision, $151,400.
Arnold Development of Southwest Florida LC to William A. and Jacqueline T. Lamarche, Lot 61, Villas of Sabal Trace, Subdivision, $138,800.
Gay, Benjamin F. III and Rebecca O., to Julie Marie Pilgrim, Lot 4, Block 59, South Gate, Unit 15, $177,000.
Ivester, Stephen F. and Karin J., to Brian S. and Katherine N. Freeman, Portion of Lots 11, 12, Block B, Greenwich, $155,000.
Ruch, Paul E. and Joan S., to William F. and Laralee B. Bash, Lot 5, Har | |||||
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] | 2006-03-20T01:10:23+00:00 | en | /static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jon_Cypher | American actor
Not to be confused with Jon Cryer.
Jon Cypher (born January 13, 1932) is an American actor and singer. He is best known as playing Chief of Police Fletcher Daniels in Hill Street Blues throughout the series' run. He is also known for his work in Cinderella, As the World Turns, Major Dad, Probe, Law & Order, and Santa Barbara. He has also performed several times on Broadway, particularly in musical theatre.
Early life and education
[edit]
Born in New York City, Cypher graduated from Erasmus Hall High School (1949) and Brooklyn College (1953).
Cypher later received a master's degree in marriage and family counseling from the University of Vermont.[1]
Career
[edit]
Cypher made his television debut as the Prince in the original 1957 production of Rodgers and Hammerstein's Cinderella opposite Julie Andrews in the title role. He is particularly remembered as Chief of Police Fletcher Daniels in Hill Street Blues, a role he played throughout the run of the series (1981–87). He played Commanding General Marcus Craig on Major Dad, alongside Gerald McRaney and Beverly Archer, and appeared as Howard Millhouse in the short-lived television series Probe. He played Dr. Alex Keith on As the World Turns (1977–79) and Dr. Arthur Donnelly on Santa Barbara (1988–89).
Other television credits include the recurring roles of Belson in The F.B.I., Dirk Maurier in Dynasty, Eric Brandon in Marcus Welby, M.D., and Jeff Munson in Knots Landing. He also provided the voice of comic villain Spellbinder in the animated television series Batman Beyond.[2]
Cypher made his first film appearance as the villain Frank Tanner in the 1971 Western Valdez Is Coming opposite Burt Lancaster and Susan Clark. He took on the role of the heroic Man-At-Arms in the 1987 film Masters of the Universe. He also starred in an episode of Barnaby Jones entitled "Dangerous Gambit" which originally aired on February 26, 1976. Cypher has since appeared periodically in films up through the late 1990s in mostly featured character parts.
Cypher had an active career on the stage in both musicals and plays. In 1956 he appeared at Denver's Elitch Theatre, as the leading man for the summer stock cast, where productions included The Rainmaker, Noël Coward's Tonight at 8.30, and The Chalk Garden.
He made his Broadway debut as Wister LaSalle in the original 1959 production of Harvey Breit's The Disenchanted. He returned to Broadway in 1962 to replace Patrick O'Neal as the Reverend T. Lawrence Shannon in the original production of Tennessee Williams's The Night of the Iguana. He portrayed the role of Dr. Carrasco in the original 1965 cast of Man of La Mancha, later taking over the role of Don Quixote.
In 1967, he performed the role of Bert Jefferson in the original musical Sherry! by James Lipton and Laurence Rosenthal. His other Broadway credits include The Great White Hope, 1776, Coco, and Big: The Musical.
Between 1990 and 1993 he appeared in 69 episodes of the CBS hit comedy TV show Major Dad, where he played Brigadier General Marcus C. Craig [3]
On July 20, 1992 Cypher suffered an injury during a dress rehearsal at the Benedum Center in Pittsburgh. He was preparing for an appearance as Fagin in the Civic Light Opera production of Oliver! when he fell down a darkened stairway at the theater, breaking his leg in two places and damaging cartilage and ligaments. The incident left Cypher playing the character while seated in a wheelchair. He sued the theater and a performance company in Pittsburgh for $20,000.[4] In a 2013 interview, Cypher revealed he still walked with a cane.[5]
In a 2014 interview, he stated that poverty was the secret to his 47-year-long career.[6]
Personal life
[edit]
Cypher was married to Ruth Wagner from 1965 to 1975. After they divorced, he married scientist Carol Rosin.
Credits
[edit]
Film
[edit]
Year Title Role Notes 1971 Valdez Is Coming Frank Tanner Believe in Me Alan 1973 Lady Ice Eddie Stell Blade Petersen 1974 The Memory of Us Brad The Kid and the Killers Roper 1975 The Kingfisher Caper Johnny Lance 1976 The Food of the Gods Brian 1987 Masters of the Universe Duncan/Man-At-Arms Off the Mark John C. Roosevelt 1989 Accidents James Hughs 1990 Spontaneous Combustion Dr. Marsh The Sandgrass People Walter Carter 1991 Strictly Business Drake 1998 Walking to the Waterline Fred Blumquist
Television
[edit]
Year Title Role Notes 1957 Roger's and Hammerstein's Cinderella Prince Christopher Television film The United States Steel Hour Episode: "Upbeat" Armstrong Circle Theatre Richie Braman/Miklos 2 episodes 1962 Our Five Daughters Driscoll 1964 NBC Children's Theatre King Richard Episode: "Robin Hood" Flipper Jim Lorman Episode: "Countdown for Flipper" 1967 Coronet Blue Ewan McBurney Episode: "A Time to be Born" 1970 Nanny and the Professor Professor Englund Episode: "E.S. Putt" 1971–73 The Doris Day Show Sir Robert Kingsley 2 episodes 1972 McMillan & Wife John Thomas Clark Episode: "The Face of Murder" Mission: Impossible Art Stafford Episode: "Trapped" Bonanza Col. Cody Ransom Episode: "A Place to Hide" Mannix Wallace Hunter/Phillip Lomax 2 episodes 1973 Circle of Fear Keith Episode: "Legion of Demons" 1974 Cannon Lt. Lou Hayes Episode: "Bobby Loved Me" Night Games Dale Hannigan Television film The F.B.I. Belson Episode: "Survival" The Rookies Dr. Stafford Episode: "Key Witness" 1975 Marcus Welby, M.D. Eric Brandon 4 episodes 1976 Barnaby Jones Frank Dunlap Episode: "Dangerous Gambit" Bronk Lundeen Episode: "The Vigilante" 1977 Police Woman Skip Arnold Episode: "The Disco Killer" The Feather and Father Gang Cal Cooper Episode: "Sun, Sand, and Death" The Rockford Files Michael Kelly 2 episodes 1978–79 As the World Turns Dr. Alexander Keith 2 episodes 1979 The Love Boat Russell Evans Episode: "Not Now, I'm Dying/Too Young to Love/Eleanor's Return" 1980 Freebie and the Bean Dwight Rollins Episode: "Flying Aces" 1981 Evita Peron Col. Imbert Television film General Hospital Max Van Stadt Episode #1.4687 1981–83 Trapper John, M.D. Marshall Randolph/Andrew Forsyte 2 episodes 1981–87 Hill Street Blues Chief Fletcher Daniels Main Role; 71 episodes 1982 Today's F.B.I. Le Duc Episode: "Spy" House Calls Episode: "Man for All Surgeons" The Greatest American Hero Richard Beller Episode: "Now You See it" The Devlin Connection Episode: "The Lady on the Billboard" Dallas Episode: "Post Nuptial" 1982–83 Knots Landing Jeff Munson 12 episodes 1983 Knight Rider George Atherton Episode: "Soul Survivor" 1983–87 Dynasty Dirk E. Maurier 10 episodes 1984 Lottery! Episode: "Chicago: Another Chance" 1985 Half Nelson Episode: "Nose Job" Malice in Wonderland Dr. Harry 'Docky' Martin Television film Lime Street Kyle Stoddard Episode: "Odd Pilots Never Die" 1986 Hotel Richard Copeland Episode: "Triangles" Perry Mason: The Case of the Notorious Nun Dr. Peter Lattimore Television film True Confessions Episode: "The Decision" 1986–93 Murder, She Wrote Capt. Rory O'Neil/Nathan Swarthmore/Defense Atty. Max Flynn 3 episodes 1987 The Law & Harry McGraw Sam Wallace Episode: "Angela's Secret" Hunter Alan Shadwell Episode: "Turning Point" 1988 Elvis and Me Captain Joseph Paul Beaulieu Television film Probe Howard Millhouse 2 episodes Lady Mobster Alfred Mallory Television film Favorite Son Bartholomew Scott Episode: "Part One" 1988–89 Santa Barbara Dr. Arthur Donnelly Recurring role; 57 episodes Tour of Duty Major General Goldman 2 episodes 1989 Duet John Episode: "The Birth of a Saleswoman" Open House John Green 2 episodes 1990 B.L. Stryker Felix Renza Episode: "High Rise" Valerie Mr. Edwards Episode: "A Matter of Principal" Snow Kill Reid Television film 1990–93 Major Dad General Marcus C. Craig Main Role; 69 episodes 1994 Love & War Anthony Episode: "I've Got a Crush on You" The Commish Bill Kelton Episode: "Dead Drunk" RoboCop General Eugene Omar Episode: "Ghosts of War" 1995 Burke's Law Ben Fletcher Episode: "Who Killed the Motor Car Maverick?" The Invaders Sen. Alex Feinman 2 episodes 1995–2000 Law & Order Jerome Kamen/Harlan Graham 2 episodes 1996 Dr. Quinn, Medicine Woman Preston A. Lodge II Episode: "The Tempest" 1997 Pinky and the Brain Administrator Voice, episode: "The Tailor and the Mice/Bah, Wilderness" Profiler Judge Neil MacGruder Episode: "Power Corrupts" 1998 JAG Frank Burnett Episode: "To Russia with Love" 1999 Rescue 77 Charles Bell 2 episodes Walker, Texas Ranger Waylon Cox Episode: "Full Recovery" 1999–2000 Batman Beyond Ira Billings/Spellbinder Voice, 3 episodes 2000 Honey, I Shrunk the Kids: The TV Show Colonel Coleman Episode: "Honey, It's an Interplanetary, Extraordinary Life" 2001 The Lot 2 episodes 2004 Great Performances Prince Christopher/Self Episode: "Roger's and Hammerstein's Cinderella
Theatre
[edit]
Year Title Role Venue Type Notes 1958 The Disenchanted Wister LaSalle Coronet Theatre Broadway 1961 The Night of the Iguana The Reverend T. Lawrence Shannon Royale Theatre U/s 1963 Jennie Randolph of the Royal Mounted/Others Majestic Theatre Standby 1964 As You Like It Lucille Lortel Theatre Off-Broadway 1965 Man of La Mancha Dr. Carrasco Martin Beck Theatre Broadway The Wives Herakles Stage 73 Off-Broadway The Great Western Union Robert Bouwerie Lane Theatre 1967 Sherry! Bert Jefferson Alvin Theatre Broadway 1968 The Great White Hope Mr. Cameron/Others 1969 1776 Thomas Jefferson 46th Street Theatre Replacement Coco Papa Mark Hellinger Theatre 1970–72 1776 Thomas Jefferson Touring production 1971 Coco Julian Lesage 1973 Oliver! Bill Sikes 1980–82 Evita Perón 1984 42nd Street Julian Marsh 1996 Big MacMillan Shubert Theatre Broadway
References
[edit] | ||||
10432 | yago | 0 | 60 | https://github.com/jgdavey/kevin/blob/main/resources/sample.edn | en | kevin/resources/sample.edn at main · jgdavey/kevin | https://opengraph.githubassets.com/10de26aa73a0249b4db76155468df06398d9677fbd06a3f080c85ca8b12343fb/jgdavey/kevin | https://opengraph.githubassets.com/10de26aa73a0249b4db76155468df06398d9677fbd06a3f080c85ca8b12343fb/jgdavey/kevin | [] | [] | [] | [
""
] | null | [] | null | IMDB, Clojure, Datomic, and Kevin Bacon. Contribute to jgdavey/kevin development by creating an account on GitHub. | en | GitHub | https://github.com/jgdavey/kevin/blob/main/resources/sample.edn | Skip to content
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10432 | yago | 3 | 35 | https://www.coursicle.com/penn/professors/ | en | Coursicle – Chat with classmates | [] | [] | [] | [
""
] | null | [] | null | Chat with other students in your classes, plan your schedule, and get notified when classes have open seats. | /homepage/img/coursicleCLogoMedium.png | null | You don't smell human...
Want direct access to our course data? . | ||||||
10432 | yago | 3 | 15 | https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Jon_Cypher | en | Jon Cypher | [] | [] | [] | [
""
] | null | [] | null | Jon Cypher is an American actor and singer. He is best known as playing Chief of Police Fletcher Daniels in Hill Street Blues throughout the series' run. He is also known for his work in Cinderella, As the World Turns, Major Dad, Probe, Law & Order, and Santa Barbara. He has also performed several times on Broadway, particularly in musical theatre. | en | Wikiwand | https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Jon_Cypher | American actor / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Dear Wikiwand AI, let's keep it short by simply answering these key questions:
Can you list the top facts and stats about Jon Cypher?
Summarize this article for a 10 year old
SHOW ALL QUESTIONS | |||||
10432 | yago | 0 | 6 | https://www.amazon.com/prime-video/actor/Jon-Cypher/amzn1.dv.gti.ba429f7c-aaeb-4f11-892a-a16f03c7be17/ | en | Jon Cypher: Movies, TV, and Bio | [
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] | null | [] | null | Browse Jon Cypher movies and TV shows available on Prime Video and begin streaming right away to your favorite device. | en | https://www.amazon.com/prime-video/actor/Jon-Cypher/amzn1.dv.gti.ba429f7c-aaeb-4f11-892a-a16f03c7be17/ | Jon Cypher was born on January 13, 1932 in New York City, New York, USA. He is an actor, known for Masters of the Universe (1987), Spontaneous Combustion (1989) and Favorite Son (1988). He is married to Carol Rosin. He was previously married to Ruth Wagner. | ||||||
10432 | yago | 2 | 34 | https://original-ufdc.uflib.ufl.edu/AA00062224/00057 | en | The Florida cattleman and livestock journal | [
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10432 | yago | 3 | 81 | https://www.famousbirthdays.com/people/carol-rosin.html | en | Carol Rosin - Age, Family, Bio | [
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] | null | [] | null | Carol Rosin: her birthday, what she did before fame, her family life, fun trivia facts, popularity rankings, and more. | en | /favicon.ico | Famous Birthdays | https://www.famousbirthdays.com/people/carol-rosin.html | About
Aerospace executive who was the spokesperson for famous rocket scientist Wernher Von Braun.
Before Fame
She received her Bachelor's degree from the University of Delaware.
Trivia
She was the first woman to hold the executive position of Corporate Manager at Fairchild Industries.
Family Life
She married actor Jon Cypher.
Associated With | ||||
10432 | yago | 1 | 20 | https://oll.libertyfund.org/titles/madison-the-writings-vol-6-1790-1802 | en | The Writings, vol. 6 (1790-1802) | [
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] | null | [] | null | Volume 6 of Madison’s writings in 9 volumes edited by Gaillard Hunt in 1900-10. This volume contains his public papers and his private correspondence, including speeches in the First Congress and Address to the General Assembly to the People of the Commonwealth of Virginia. | https://oll.libertyfund.org/titles/madison-the-writings-vol-6-1790-1802 | James Madison (author)
Gaillard Hunt (editor)
Volume 6 of Madison’s writings in 9 volumes edited by Gaillard Hunt in 1900-10. This volume contains his public papers and his private correspondence, including speeches in the First Congress and Address to the General Assembly to the People of the Commonwealth of Virginia.
EBook PDF
This text-based PDF or EBook was created from the HTML version of this book and is part of the Portable Library of Liberty.
ePub
ePub standard file for your iPad or any e-reader compatible with that format
Facsimile PDF
This is a facsimile or image-based PDF made from scans of the original book.
Kindle
This is an E-book formatted for Amazon Kindle devices.
MARC Record
MAchine-Readable Cataloging record.
Citation
The Writings of James Madison, comprising his Public Papers and his Private Correspondence, including his numerous letters and documents now for the first time printed, ed. Gaillard Hunt (New York: G.P. Putnam’s Sons, 1900). Vol. 6.
Copyright
The text is in the public domain. | |||||||
10432 | yago | 0 | 83 | https://issuu.com/berkeleyrep/docs/program-hs | en | Berkeley Rep: The House that will not Stand | [
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] | null | [] | 2014-01-30T18:32:16+00:00 | The House that will not Stand by Marcus Gardley unearths a story about free women of color in 1836 New Orleans. It’s humorous and gripping family d... | en | /favicon.ico | Issuu | https://issuu.com/berkeleyrep/docs/program-hs | Resources
Dive into our extensive resources on the topic that interests you. It's like a masterclass to be explored at your own pace.
The House that will not Stand by Marcus Gardley unearths a story about free women of color in 1836 New Orleans. It’s humorous and gripping family drama told in a rich and lyrical river of words. | ||||
7733 | dbpedia | 2 | 7 | https://clubmadrid.org/who/members/annan-kofi/ | en | Kofi Annan Secretary General UN Honorary Member Club de Madrid | [
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] | null | [] | 2017-10-20T13:01:14+00:00 | Kofi Annan is the former Secretary General of the United Nations (1997-2007) and is a Honorary Member of the Club de Madrid. | en | Club de Madrid | https://clubmadrid.org/who/members/annan-kofi/ | Date and Place of Birth:
8 April 1938, Kumasi (Ghana).
Education:
Mr. Annan began studying for a degree in Economics at the Kumasi College of Science and Technology, now the Kwane Nkrumah University of Science and Technology of Ghana. He received a Ford Foundation grant, enabling him to complete his undergraduate studies at Macalester College in St. Paul, Minnesota, USA (1961). Mr. Annan then did a DEA degree in International Relations at the Graduate Institute of International Studies (Institut Universitaire des Hautes Etudes Internationales) in Geneva (1961-1962), later attending the MIT Sloan School of Management (1971-1972) Sloan Fellows Program and receiving a Master of Science degree.
Professional Experience and Political Career
Kofi Annan started his career as Budget officer for the World Health Organization, an agency of the United Nations. From 1974 to 1976, he worked as Director of Tourism in Ghana. He then returned to work for the UN as an Assistant Secretary-General in three consecutive positions: Human Resources, Management and Security Coordinator from 1987 to 1990; Program Planning, Budget and Finance, and Controller, from 1990 to 1992; and Peacekeeping Operations, from March 1993 to February 1994.
Mr. Annan served as Under-Secretary-General until October 1995, when he was made a Special Representative of the Secretary-General to the former Yugoslavia, serving for five months in that capacity before returning to his duties as Under-Secretary-General in April 1996.
On 13 December 1996, Kofi Annan was recommended by the United Nations Security Council to replace the previous Secretary-General, Dr. Boutros-Ghali of Egypt, whose second term faced the veto of the United States. He was confirmed four days later by the vote of the General Assembly, and he started this first term as Secretary-General on 1 January 1997.
One of Mr. Annan’s main priorities as Secretary-General was a comprehensive program of reform aimed at revitalizing the UN making the international system more effective. He was a constant advocate for human rights, the rule of law, the Millennium Development Goals and Africa, and sought to bring the organization closer to the global public by forging ties with civil society, the private sector and other partners.
Since leaving the UN, Mr. Annan has continued to advocate for better policies to meet the needs of the poorest and most vulnerable, particularly in Africa. In 2007, Mr. Annan accepted the invitation of the Swiss Government to become President of the Global Humanitarian Forum – a Forum which seeks to promote dialogue and build strategic alliances with different actors to tackle neglected and emerging humanitarian issues.
Mr. Annan also serves in the Africa Progress Panel, the United Nations Foundations and in the Elders Group, and chairs the Prize Committee of the Mo Ibrahim Foundation and the Board of the Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa (AGRA). | |||||
7733 | dbpedia | 3 | 41 | https://mshale.com/2018/05/10/kofi-annan-millions-of-african-children-denied-basic-human-rights/ | en | Kofi Annan: Millions of African children denied basic human rights | [
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"Tom Gitaa"
] | 2018-05-10T00:00:00 | Saint Paul Mayor Melvin Carter speaking with former UN secretary-general Kofi Annan moments after Macalester College of St. Paul, Minnesota renamed its Global Institute in Mr. Annan's honor on Monday, May 7 2018. Mr. Annan is an alumnus of the college. Photo: Tom Gitaa/Mshale Nobel laureate and former United Nations secretary-general, Kofi Annan, said on […] | en | Mshale | https://mshale.com/2018/05/10/kofi-annan-millions-of-african-children-denied-basic-human-rights/ | Nobel laureate and former United Nations secretary-general, Kofi Annan, said on Monday the world is squandering the potential of African children by not giving them access to education.
“Despite significant progress in recent years millions of African children have never set foot in a classroom or owned a book of their own in their lives,” said Annan.
Annan, co-chair of the Books for Africa Law and Democracy Initiative alongside former US vice-president Walter Mondale, was speaking during a reception to mark the 30th anniversary of Books for Africa, the St. Paul non-profit that ships millions of donated school textbooks to the continent.
“Numerous studies have shown that no development tool is more effective than education and literacy,” Annan said. “When people are able to access education, they can break free of the cycle of poverty and contribute to building a fairer and more peaceful society.”
Annan said the ongoing literacy crisis in Africa is a source of great concern, as the children who are not attending school are the future doctors and teachers that the continent will miss.
While commending Books for Africa for the progress it has made in the last 30 years in sending books to address, he nonetheless urged the organization and its supporters to “redouble their efforts.”
“One area of particular importance to Africa and the world is the strengthening of the rule of law,” Annan said, as he made the case about the significance of Books for Africa’s Law and Democracy Initiative, which sends new law books to law schools in Africa. Thomson Reuters provides the Law and Democracy Initiative with new law books and that company’s vice-president for Government Affairs, former Minneapolis mayor Sharon Sayles Belton was on hand to reiterate Thomson Reuters continued support.
Annan said his conviction about the rule of law being the pillar to security has grown stronger since he founded the Kofi Annan Foundation.
“No society can prosper without the rule of law and respect for human rights,” Annan went on to say.
The Jack Mason Law and Democracy Initiative is named after former US federal judge Jack Mason who was also a Books for Africa board member. His wife, Vivian, was present as Annan addressed the 30th anniversary reception. Also, present were former US vice-president Walter Mondale who co-chairs the initiative with Annan. Nane Annan, Kofi Annan’s wife, accompanied him to the celebration.
“Numerous organizations have benefitted from it including Women Lawyers Association of Gambia, Zambia Lawyers for Human Rights and the parliament of Liberia,” said Annan.
One of those inspired by Mr. Annan’s many years of global service is Jote Taddese, president of the Books for Africa board of directors. A native of Ethiopia, Taddese said he was graduating college in the US in 1997 when “I learnt a great African diplomat had been elected UN secretary-general.”
Kofi Annan Institute for Global Citizenship
Earlier in the day, Mr. Annan, was the focus of a historical development at his alma mater, Macalester College when that institution renamed the Institute for Global Citizenship to the Kofi Annan
Institute for Global Citizenship in his honor. The institute faces Grand Avenue and is on the intersection of the busy and historical Grand and Snelling
avenues.
At the dedication, Annan sat next to another historical figure in his own right. Saint Paul Mayor Melvin Carter was born and grew up within walking distance of Macalester and could not hide his joy of having the opportunity to sit next to Mr. Annan and made sure everyone knew it.
“I am honored to just be sitting next to you and I wanted to make sure my staff got a picture of us sitting next to each other,” Mayor Carter said to loud laughter. Carter became St. Paul’s first black mayor when he worn in a convincing fashion last November.
Macalester President Brian Rosenberg called Mr. Annan a role model for everyone. He referred to him as the most “visible and courageous” UN secretary-general of our time that has inspired many.
“It is one of Macalester’s great privilege to claim Kofi Annan as one of our graduates, and Macalester’s great privilege to rename and rededicate the Institute for Global Citizenship, as the Kofi Annan Institute for Global Citizenship,” Rosenberg said to loud applause. He and added that, henceforth “I don’t know about everyone but I will just be calling it The Annan Institute.”
Speaking before the unveiling of the institute’s new name, Annan told students not to be afraid to lead and not to hesitate, as “one is never too young to lead.”
Annan was part of the class of 1961 at Macalester College. | |||||
7733 | dbpedia | 0 | 14 | https://real-life-heroes.fandom.com/wiki/Kofi_Annan | en | Kofi Annan | https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/real-life-heroes/images/7/72/Kofi_Annan_2012_%28cropped%29.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/1200?cb=20200315185423 | https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/real-life-heroes/images/7/72/Kofi_Annan_2012_%28cropped%29.jpg/revision/latest/scale-to-width-down/1200?cb=20200315185423 | [
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"Contributors to Real Life Heroes Wiki"
] | 2024-07-29T22:27:06+00:00 | Kofi Atta Annan (8 April 1938 – 18 August 2018) was a Ghanaian diplomat who served as the seventh Secretary-General of the United Nations from January 1997 to December 2006. Annan and the UN were the co-recipients of the 2001 Nobel Peace Prize. He was the founder and chairman of the Kofi Annan... | en | https://static.wikia.nocookie.net/real-life-heroes/images/4/4a/Site-favicon.ico/revision/latest?cb=20240624201249 | Real Life Heroes Wiki | https://real-life-heroes.fandom.com/wiki/Kofi_Annan | Kofi Atta Annan (8 April 1938 – 18 August 2018) was a Ghanaian diplomat who served as the seventh Secretary-General of the United Nations from January 1997 to December 2006. Annan and the UN were the co-recipients of the 2001 Nobel Peace Prize. He was the founder and chairman of the Kofi Annan Foundation, as well as chairman of The Elders, an international organization founded by Nelson Mandela.
Annan studied economics at Macalester College, international relations at the Graduate Institute Geneva, and management at MIT. Annan joined the UN in 1962, working for the World Health Organization's Geneva office. He went on to work in several capacities at the UN Headquarters including serving as the Under-Secretary-General for peacekeeping between March 1992 and December 1996. He was appointed the Secretary-General on 13 December 1996 by the Security Council, and later confirmed by the General Assembly, making him the first office holder to be elected from the UN staff itself. He was re-elected for a second term in 2001, and was succeeded as Secretary-General by Ban Ki-moon on 1 January 2007.
As the Secretary-General, Annan reformed the UN bureaucracy; worked to combat HIV/AIDS, especially in Africa; and launched the UN Global Compact. He was criticized for not expanding the Security Council and faced calls for his resignation after an investigation into the Oil-for-Food Programme, but was largely exonerated of personal corruption. After the end of his term as UN Secretary-General, he founded the Kofi Annan Foundation in 2007 to work on international development. In 2012, Annan was the UN–Arab League Joint Special Representative for Syria, to help find a resolution to the ongoing conflict there. Annan quit after becoming frustrated with the UN's lack of progress with regards to conflict resolution. In September 2016, Annan was appointed to lead a UN commission to investigate the Rohingya crisis.
Early years and education[]
Kofi Annan was born in the Kofandros section of Kumasi in the Gold Coast (now Ghana) on 8 April 1938. His twin sister Efua Atta, who died in 1991, shared the middle name Atta, which in the Akan language means 'twin'. Annan and his sister were born into one of the country's Ashanti and Fante aristocratic families; both of their grandfathers and their uncle were tribal chiefs.
In the Akan names tradition, some children are named according to the day of the week on which they were born, sometimes in relation to how many children precede them. Kofi in Akan is the name that corresponds with Friday. Annan said that his surname rhymes with "cannon" in English.
From 1954 to 1957, Annan attended the elite Mfantsipim school, a Methodist boarding school in Cape Coast founded in the 1870s. Annan said that the school taught him that "suffering anywhere, concerns people everywhere". In 1957, the year Annan graduated from Mfantsipim, the Gold Coast gained independence from the UK and began using the name "Ghana".
In 1958, Annan began studying economics at the Kumasi College of Science and Technology, now the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology of Ghana. He received a Ford Foundation grant, enabling him to complete his undergraduate studies in economics at Macalester College in St. Paul, Minnesota, United States, in 1961. Annan then completed a diplôme d'études approfondies DEA degree in International Relations at The Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies in Geneva, Switzerland, from 1961–62. After some years of work experience, he studied at the MIT Sloan School of Management (1971–72) in the Sloan Fellows program and earned a master's degree in management.
Annan was fluent in English, French, Akan, and some Kru languages as well as other African languages. | ||
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Edited Oral History Transcript
A. Thomas Young
Interviewed by Rebecca Wright
Greenbelt, Maryland – 10 June 2013
Wright: Today is June the 10th, 2013. This oral history interview is being conducted with Tom Young in Greenbelt, Maryland, for the NASA Headquarters Oral History project. Interviewer is Rebecca Wright, assisted by Sandra Johnson, and we thank you so much for coming in today.
Young: My pleasure.
Wright: We know you have a busy schedule, and it certainly started out early this morning. We’d like for you to start, if you would, by sharing with us how you first became interested in working with NASA.
Young: I went to engineering school, University of Virginia [Charlottesville, Virginia], and about the time that I was graduated and leaving was really when a lot of the human space flight part of NASA was becoming active. There clearly was an interest. I hear a lot of people say, “Oh, I read science fiction and I wanted to do it all my life.” That wasn’t me, and I didn’t. My idea was, get out of school, and one, get married, and two, after my wife finished at [The College of] William & Mary [Williamsburg, Virginia], was to go back to graduate school. I got out and went to work on hydraulic systems for nuclear submarines at the nuclear shipyard until I went back to graduate school. A friend of mine worked at [NASA] Langley [Research Center, Hampton, Virginia]. My last year at University of Virginia, I took a course where we used a digital computer, the first one they ever had. He called and said they had a need for someone who had seen a digital computer before in their life, and was I interested in coming over?
I said, “Sure,” and that’s almost how it happened. I guess I even go back a step beyond that. I did interview—when you graduate, the interviews for jobs. There was somebody from NASA there, and I still remember when I went to talk to them. I don’t remember who it was, and it’s probably good I don’t remember. They said, “Well, there are really not any openings at Langley that you’d be interested in.” They said, “[NASA] Goddard [Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland], it’s just a bunch of longhairs there, you wouldn’t enjoy working with those people.” That’s when I abandoned looking at NASA, and then reverted largely because of a contact with a friend. Then, I never went back to graduate school, I was having so much fun. I did go off to MIT [Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts], but for a business activity. It was a great decision.
Wright: Tell us about some of the first projects that you worked on. I understood you were involved with Project Vector?
Young: Yes, first thing I did was a small sounding rocket program called Vector, which had an active control system. In fact, it really was to look at using rotating solid rockets to control the rocket, which was looked at as a possible control system for the big solid that was being thought about by NASA at the time. Worked on it, as I said, small project, small budget, small number of people. Looking back, most of the people who worked on it went off and worked later on some of the big space projects, which is kind of interesting. Probably you don’t want to spend a lot of time on that, but an observation. In fact, I gave a talk at Langley one time on the subject. But, the University of Virginia trained me in the academic aspects of being an engineer, but NASA really made me an engineer.
Working on the sounding rocket program, Vector, as you mentioned, was the name of it, we really did everything. We did a trajectory analysis, we did the loads analysis, I built a large, six-computer program, using analog computers actually to analyze the control system. Tremendous amount of hands-on experience, and it was a part of an activity at Langley, at the time. There was a division, when I got there, it was called AMPD, which was Applied Materials and Physics Division. It previously had been named PARD, which I guess was Pilotless Aircraft Research Division. The division chief, who had left just by the time I got there, was Bob [Robert R.] Gilruth. Branch heads and section heads were people like [Joseph Guy] Thibodaux and the Manned Spaceflight program principals. There must have been, I don’t know, a dozen or 15 projects like Vector going on at one time. It was a pretty booming place.
I’m coming around to something that I think is important to NASA even today. PARD basically was invented because Langley, doing largely aeronautics work, not space work at the time, had run out of some capabilities with wind tunnels and they really concluded that they needed—particularly for transonic and some other flight regimes—they could fly sounding rockets at Wallops [Island, Virginia] and out of that, could get the aerodynamic data that they needed. One of the people heavily involved was Chris [Christopher C.] Kraft, so most of the people who people know about that really made the early days of the [NASA] Johnson Space Center [Houston, Texas, (JSC) formerly Manned Spacecraft Center] successful really came out of this division, out of PARD.
I’ve always thought, isn’t that strange that so many came out of that activity, one, and secondly, in reflecting back and in talking somewhat to Kraft about it, the other question that you have is these folks that really made the human space flight system so successful, including Apollo, what was the basis for which they developed their capabilities? I argue it really was out of that sounding rocket program.
At that time, the NASA folks did everything. We had no contractors that worked on the team, not that there’s anything wrong with contractors because I’ve been one of those, too. I don’t know if it was intended to be, but it really was a development kind of activity. I’m convinced that the Johnson folks, that’s where they got their expertise, from Gilruth to Thibodaux to Kraft, and you could keep naming on and on and on, the people. It’s a part of NASA history which maybe we’ve a little bit lost sight of.
Wright: You didn’t have any inclination to move towards the Houston crew, when they were starting to pull more and more people out of Langley to send to the Manned Spacecraft Center?
Young: No. Actually, they were still there at the time because the Space Task Group was on the other side of Langley and to tell you the truth, I don’t know I thought about it one way or the other, to be absolutely honest about it. The Space Task Group had been set up, and when I was there, the original seven astronauts were at Langley. It was an exciting time, with a lot going on.
Wright: I know you were busy working on other projects as well. I think the Lunar Orbiter Project you started in the mid ’60s?
Young: Yes, after Vector, I went to work on the Lunar Orbiter, which was an interesting experience also for a young engineer—and I really was young, at the time. Actually, the guy who had been the section head where the Vector Project was had gone over to Lunar Orbiter, and he asked me to come over. I remember thinking about it and trying to figure out what are the pros and the cons of doing it? I met with my branch head. I still remember what he said. He said, “If you’re good here, you’ll probably be good there, and if you’re not good here, you probably won’t be good there.” I’ve never quite figured out where that fit in, but it must have been profound enough!
Wright: It stayed with you.
Young: I sat down with a piece of paper and I said, “Okay, what are the pros and what are the cons?” I wasn’t very good at that because my thoughts were, “Good gracious, that’s a big space project. I mean, somebody could really fail there.” I really concluded, you will never be satisfied if you didn’t try it, so I went to work on Lunar Orbiter, which was a fantastic experience. I had an enormous amount of interaction with JSC at that time.
Wright: You got pretty much a responsible role. Didn’t you start to define that?
Young: Some of it was just because of filling vacuums. In fact, that was true of NASA in those days. There was really so much going on. Most people were working beyond their experience level, beyond their age level, which was terrific, but not without good leadership. I’m deviating a little bit, but there was a lot of latitude to do almost anything you wanted, but on the other hand, there was sufficiently really good leadership that you might fall, but you weren’t going to fall very far because somebody’s going to help you in the process.
Lunar Orbiter, how old was I when I started Lunar Orbiter? I guess that was maybe ’64, so I was 25, 26, something like that. The basic purpose of Lunar Orbiter was to photograph the areas on the surface of the Moon to provide a landing site for Surveyor and Apollo, and more operational than science. There was nobody at Langley knew anything about the Moon, other than looking at it at night. Langley was not a space science organization, so we weren’t overwhelmed with a lot of space scientists.
My basic job was doing mission analysis kinds of work, working for a guy named Norm [Norman] Crabill, who encouraged people to go beyond their limits. There were many big issues—obviously, how to build a spacecraft and operate it—but a big item was the Moon and landing sites. There really was nobody to deal with the U.S. Geological Survey, the Gene Shoemaker operation in Flagstaff [Arizona], and the people at JPL [NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California] who were doing Surveyor, and the people at Houston who were doing the Apollo stuff. I really got to do those kinds of things at a very young age, so I basically, with a lot of other people involved, had a first-hand involvement in picking the sites that we photographed and learning something about the Moon, which was interesting. Going to [NASA] Headquarters [Washington, DC] and selling the mission to Sam [Samuel C.] Phillips, who was running the program at the time. Interacting, as I said, with the people in the other organizations.
It was a pretty interesting time, and it wasn’t unique with me, but people just had an opportunity to really function, I guess, way beyond what any formula would say they should be allowed to function at. I then went to JPL, when we did the operations, worked with Boeing, who is the prime contractor, doing the operations, really doing real time adjustments to taking pictures. One of the interesting circumstances that we had was that we noticed that the spacecraft, the pictures were not always pointed exactly where we wanted the pointing to take place on the early ones. It was because, finally, we began to notice that the Lunar Orbiter spacecraft, as it went across the Moon from the eastern side of the Moon to the western side, going towards the center, it would speed up. Then, going towards the other side, it would slow down. We were not smart enough to figure out why. We recognized it and we started using Kentucky windage to adjust the sites, which worked very well—but it was the mascons, it was the mass anomalies on the Moon that was causing it. As I said, other people really figured out what it was, but again, a good, interesting experience.
We were more operational, so we weren’t so much trying to figure out what it was as what was really going on, so that was an interesting experience. I don’t know why, but because of this particular activity, I had a lot of interaction with the press and with the media, so I was involved in it, which was interesting. In fact, at that time, Langley had its—must have been its 50th anniversary, I don’t know—I remember they had a big open house and I spoke at the open house. My speech was carried through the Lunar Orbiter spacecraft, like we are, but they came through. Because of the round-trip time, it was one-and-a-half seconds each way, if I remember right, I think it was a three-second total delay. It was an interesting process.
I’m really rambling beyond what you want, but it was a really interesting process in that as the speaker, I could hear what I said either one-and-a-half or three seconds before. It was a real experience, trying to learn how to talk when what you said, some one-and-a-half to three seconds earlier, you were hearing that while you were talking the next activity. I later found out that apparently, they used that technique, I think, in the military draft in World War II. People who claimed that they were hearing-impaired or what have you, and then if you did that and you weren’t prepared, you would trip up in what you were saying. Lunar Orbiter was a fantastic experience for a young engineer, and really pretty exciting times. A lot going on, and I got to know and work with all the people that you read and hear about these days.
Wright: You had no way to look in the future, but a lot of the places that you would go to work and be contacting those people, in the future, you started laying some of that down—
Young: Yes, it’s a network, it does develop. I guess that’s probably true in any circumstance, there’s such a thing that exists, yes.
Wright: You moved into Advanced Space Projects, and actually helping to develop some Mars missions. Was that your next assignment?
Young: I’ll tell you just a couple more things on Lunar Orbiter which just strikes me. First off, there were five spacecraft, and all five worked, which was exciting. If I’m not mistaken—this was way beyond my involvement—I think when the contract was signed with Boeing on the Lunar Orbiter, the first spacecraft was in orbit about the Moon only 27 months later. If you think about today, we haven’t completed phase A in that time period. There just was a lot of motivation to move on, and you can do these things a lot faster.
The other thing I remember was dealing with the people on Apollo at Houston; they had a focus that they couldn’t allow anything to get in the way. I remember their comments—which I think were right on—they said, “Look, you should know the following: we don’t need you, and we’ll never say that we need you. Now, if you provide some data, we’re going to be delighted to have it, but we’re going whether you’re there or you’re not there.” I actually think that was the right way for them to function, but it was an interesting perspective. At Langley, or if you went to JSC or JPL, anywhere the activity was going on, it was just a beehive of activity, that’s what I recall. Everywhere you went, there were meetings and things being decided and moving on towards accomplishing goals, which was pretty interesting.
After Lunar Orbiter was over, I guess the powers that be were saying, “All right, what now,” for the people that were there. I guess that was the first, relatively speaking, large space project that Langley had ever done. I really come back and say they did sounding rocket programs and a lot of activity in that regard, but relative to the so-called larger space projects. JPL had always been the organization that had done both the lunar and the planetary programs. I guess—and I don’t even know this, by the way—JPL was doing, at the time, Ranger [Program], and it had some challenges, and they were also doing Surveyor, which was a very demanding program, and probably the leadership of NASA—and I’m beyond my knowledge—would probably say, “Well, maybe we need somebody else involved,” and that’s how the Lunar Orbiter got done at Langley.
Then, after that, there was the Advanced Projects Office had put together a few of us, worked in, and we looked at a few possibilities. Landsat [Satellite] kinds of programs were looked at, then there really was coming to be in the Mars activity, there had been really a large Mars program that had started but then decided not to proceed, and again, I can’t recall exact details. There really was some look at what really should be done next on Mars. JPL was doing the Mariner series, which was not only Mars, but the Mariner series. I guess there was Mariner 4 that was happening, and then Mariner ’69, which must have been 5 and 6, and then Mariner 8 and 9. JPL was doing the Mariner series, and Langley was asked, again, beyond my level of involvement, to look at a mission that had a lander.
Again, for somebody like me, still pretty young in the process, I think there were three of us working on it when we started. Jim [James S.] Martin, who became the project manager and was one of the most impressive managers with whom I ever worked, and Iz [Israel] Taback, who was the Chief Engineer extraordinary, who was the most impressive systems engineering folk I ever worked with, and then they had to have somebody, so I was the somebody, I guess. Began to do little studies of it, and other people, largely from Lunar Orbiter heritage, got involved, and so it became a fairly active process. We had a collection of studies done by the folks in industry that had some expertise in that—Boeing had a study, Martin Marietta, General Electric, who was doing, at that time, GE had an entry capability in Valley Forge [Pennsylvania]. There were a lot of studies, so we really looked at a large collection of options as to what was the best way to go to Mars.
Finally, had a Saturday meeting with John [E.] Naugle from NASA Headquarters, and John was the head of Space Science, whatever it was called at that time. John was the senior folk. Ed [Edgar M.] Cortright was the Director at Langley who was another just incredible person. If there’s any message I’ll give you out of all this, the greatest advantage I’ve had is just working with super people. If you work with super people, you can’t help but learn something in the process. We had a Saturday meeting to present the results of all of our studies, and to begin the process of deciding what really should be Viking.
I remember several things about that day, and I’ll tell you what some of the options were, and I’ll tell you what we recommended and what really happened. The first thing I remember was John Naugle came in and it was Saturday and he said, “Well, I don’t know if this is a good omen or not, but the flag outside is upside-down.” When the guard put up the flag that Saturday morning, he got it upside-down. That was more humorous. The big issues were, is it a hard lander or is it a soft lander, is it a short-lived lander or a long-life lander? “Hard lander” meaning the big balsa ball and it hits, and then the ball breaks open, and the Russians had used that concept.
The lifetime was should it be three days or multi-months? Then, the question was, should there be an orbiter with it or should there be a flyby module that is the mother ship on the way to Mars and then the lander separates and lands? By the way, our knowledge of Mars at that time was incredibly poor. We knew little about the atmosphere, which was critically important, and the smallest thing we had seen on Mars was about the size of the Rose Bowl. That was the level of knowledge that we had at that time.
As I remember, we recommended that it be a soft lander because you could do so much more science with a soft lander, be a long-life lander, meaning months, which meant that it had to have radioisotope thermoelectric generator power or nuclear power, which was an interesting twist at the time. We said a flyby module, no orbiter. It was a great meeting, and again, for a young guy to sit and watch. Went through the whole process for the day and the Headquarters folks took it all in and went back for their discussions there. It went to the Administrator at the time, Tom [Thomas O.] Paine, and kind of interesting—as I said, the concept being pursued, somewhat budget-driven, technology-driven, was a flyby support module with a lander, like Viking ended up being. Paine changed the recommendation, and he added an orbiter to it, which is pretty phenomenal, if you think about it today. The word was that the reason he did it was that he said, “You don’t do these things very often, and when you do them, you should really do them right.” That had a lot of implications because—and by the way, it was incredibly the right decision in retrospect, and I’ll come to that in a minute—if you think, again, messages to an organization, and I’m using myself, the Administrator says, “Hey, we really need to do this right and we want to do more than you’re recommending, not less than you’re recommending.”
That was a pretty powerful message. The other implication it had was we had no launch vehicle that was compatible with that, and it really meant that the Titan-Centaur had to be developed. Titan existed and Centaur existed, but it really meant that you had to bring online a Titan-Centaur launch vehicle to do the program. I’ll jump ahead. That was an interesting experience in itself, but it happened that because the Titan-Centaur was developed, first a joint program with the German’s Helios—if I remember right, was the name of it—flew on the Titan-Centaur, but equally more important, Voyager 1 and 2. I don’t know, for Voyager, that a vehicle would have been developed by itself. It facilitated that program happening, so it was a pretty significant decision.
That happened, and we were off and running, and then we were aiming towards a ’73 launch. Then, congressional budget activities resulted in the launch being changed to ’75, but ’75 was what we went to for a landing in ’76. I want to talk about some of that in a bit, but it was two things, when I look back on it, that I didn’t appreciate at all. One is I didn’t appreciate what incredible people were working on the program. I knew they were good, but I didn’t really appreciate how much above norm they really were.
The second thing I really didn’t appreciate, even in the middle of it, what an incredibly difficult thing it was. That was about as hard a thing as you could do from a robotic spacecraft standpoint. Almost everything was new; the systems were new on the spacecraft. We had something called a plated-wire memory computer, where the memory really is plated wires about the size of a human hair. That almost brought us to our knees. The spacecraft had to be sterilized because the international agreements on not contaminating Mars with Earth life. That meant that ultimately, after it all got put together, the spacecraft at the Cape [Canaveral, Florida]—there were special ovens built—and the spacecraft was baked. I think—I’m really pulling numbers out—it was 113 degrees centigrade, which is pretty high, for more than a day. That meant that the tape recorder had to have metal tape for the recording of the tape recorder; it meant everything in there had to be sterilized, which was something that we had never done before.
We also had an organic experiment, so there had to be no organics that could be released on Mars. These were special items. The atmosphere was such that we had to have a supersonic parachute, which we had never developed. That’s kind of a pretty interesting side thing in itself, that Langley, because of its aerodynamics background, really developed the parachute system in parallel with the Viking Project. Viking oversaw that, but there really was a team of people at Langley that were heavily involved in the entry systems. Almost everything was new, and plus the fact that, if I remember right, a 10-inch rock could punch a hole in the bottom of the spacecraft, and the smallest thing we had ever seen on Mars was, like, the size of the Rose Bowl.
These were pretty incredible times, and it just took incredible people to make it happen. I learned a lot in that time period, which I think is applicable today. What made Viking successful clearly was the incredible people, both in NASA and industry, and it was really the partnership between the two. The industry could not have come close, in my view, to having done it by themselves, and NASA couldn’t have come close.
That partnership we had, in the project team, experts in every element of the system, and they worked hand-in-hand with their industry counterparts. One relied on the other. Then, when we got to the operations and flight missions, we now had to operate this thing, and it was pretty sophisticated. In fact, operations beyond anything we had done before. I guess I’ve left myself out, but I went through various phases on the program, and in fact, left it, even, for a year because Jim Martin and Ed Cortright concluded that I could benefit by going to MIT for a year as a Sloan Fellow. That, again, was a fairly significant message to somebody like me, who didn’t think I was the most important person ever, didn’t think I was a contributor on it, and they said, “Look, we think the most important thing for you to do is to go to MIT’s Sloan program for a year,” which was quite an experience. One of my classmates was Kofi Annan, who became head of the U.N. [United Nations]. Different folks like that. We used to have dinner together regularly.
Again, a great experience, and it shows a little bit of what NASA was all about. That really was Ed Cortright and Jim Martin. I’ll say one other item, just touching on that, when the year was coming to an end, people who were in the program from IBM, they maybe started at a particular level and they were being promoted to vice-president to go somewhere, and a good friend was going to this. Jim Martin said, “Hey, look, you’re going to come back to the same job you left. If you’ve learned anything and you’re any good, you’ll go beyond that. You’re not going to get promoted because you went to school, you’re going to get promoted because maybe you learned something and you can do something better.”
Wright: Because you applied it.
Young: That was pretty good, too. I’ve used that a lot in my life since then, to tell other people. When we got to preparation of the operations, we were having a lot of struggles. I became head of that activity. We did another bold thing, which again, was Cortright and Jim Martin and Iz Taback. We had prime contractor, who was Martin Marietta, and we’re not satisfied that this was something that they had the experience and the background to do, so we changed the contract. We made them a time and material contractor and we took total responsibility for the operations. Some people were saying, “Boy, that’s a crazy thing to do. You’ve relieved the contractor of that responsibility.” But again, people like Jim Martin had courage to, obviously, do what they considered was right. It probably wasn’t a politically-smart thing to do, if somehow we had screwed it up.
His criteria was simple, and that is, you just have to take what you think is the best you have and most capability you have to do it. We took it over and ran the activity with JPL very much a part of the activity—because they were responsible for the Orbiter—and the Martin Marietta people, the Lander, but we from Langley ran the activity. We were the so-called prime, so we weren’t monitoring, we were doing it. Again, if you look back, that probably took some courage, it was somewhat bold, and that’s what outstanding program people do, is to make those kinds of decisions. I remember we were struggling with some of it and we got some help from Houston. We went to Houston and said, “Hey, help us learn to operate these big space programs.” Goodness gracious, probably he’s dead now so I don’t know if you ever interviewed him or not, he headed a lot of the software activity at Houston.
The Houston folks designated him to lead some reviews for us, and he did, he was extraordinarily helpful. We learned about a Houston technique, which you may have come across in your stuff, called Black Friday. Black Friday was where things were about to fall apart, so instead of going home on Friday, you lock the doors and say, “We’ve got to simplify this so the human beings can handle the situation.” He helped us do that. We got a lot of help from everywhere, I guess, is what I’m saying.
In the operations, we had the launches, there was a group of us on the West Coast which I headed up; a group on the East Coast launching this stuff. Went pretty well. I want to stop there, so if you want to ask questions, because I’m going to now talk about the operation and I don’t know if I’ve missed something in the process.
Wright: No, because you’re filling in the blanks. I did want to make sure we got what you did, so this is exactly where we wanted to go.
Young: I guess if you would go all the way back, I was originally, on Viking, I was something called Science Integration Manager—that’s because they couldn’t figure out anything else—but what I basically did, I was the go-between, between the scientists and the engineers in the early days of the project. Then, I did mission analysis, definition work, then headed the operations. Then, I was Mission Director for the program, and we had a Flight Team; we had about 800 people in the Operations Team.
All the scientists were required to be there all the time, and it was a 24-hour operation, obviously. Not any different than other places have, but for a pretty long duration. In fact, I remember, again, the people at Headquarters, there were a couple of problems. One is there had not been a mission, maybe, of that duration before, so they were really worried whether or not we would crumble under the stress of it. The other was Mars is different from Earth in that the day is a little longer than an Earth day, and we call Mars days sols, and what that meant was the time for all the operations on Earth kept rotating a little bit every day because you really had to be on lander time, so to speak, or on Mars time.
There were a lot of people who thought that probably people psychologically couldn’t handle that, and so, actually they set up medical teams. I think the real answer is that for a given amount of time—and this cannot be infinite, but it was okay for what we were talking about, which was the first landing was in July and then the nominal mission really ended in November, that was the critical time period. You might say when the orbiter got there, it was in June, but it was a six-month activity. For that amount of time, adrenaline will carry you, the excitement, the motion, whatever you want to do will carry you. I don’t think there was ever any real—the concerns were not justified. Now, I think if something goes on like missions today, that go on and on and on forever, then I think that is a real factor to be considered.
I’ll back up again. When we launched, we did not fully know how to operate the lander on the surface. The lander was very sophisticated, the software was sophisticated, and we really had not worked out how to operate the lander, I guess. In fact, we used to somewhat joke and somewhat serious, we said, “We’re not quite sure whether this thing is an obedient robot or a Frankenstein in the process.” The idea was that there’s a long cruise to Mars, so it’s a lot of time to do work, so we would really work that out on the way to Mars, which was fine. There was no reason not to do that. We did learn something very quickly. As I said, I was Mission Director, and Jim Martin was clearly the senior person, as the Project Manager.
In the early days of the cruise to Mars with the two systems, we found that we weren’t really getting the work accomplished that was necessary for when we got to Mars, the reason being every time there was a little problem, if the battery had a little bit too high a voltage or the temperature was a little high or a little low, everybody went to work on the problem because that was the problem of the day. The problems that occurred didn’t require everybody to work on them, but you just gravitated to them.
A real decision was made to separate the flight team, and the idea was to take one group of people and say, “You go prepare for when we get to Mars,” and another group of people, we said, “You fly the spacecraft to Mars.” I was given the responsibility of heading the activity of getting ready for when we went to Mars. We actually moved out of the Operations Center. We stayed at JPL, but we went to different facilities. That decision probably was one of—well, there are a lot of good decisions that Jim and his people made—but that was a critical decision because when we got to Mars, we were ready. We had done all the training, we’d planned the sequence, that we were ready when we got there. We may not have been ready if we hadn’t have done that.
We’re approaching Mars, and we had an interesting circumstance, in that the propulsion system on the orbiter had a helium tank and then the propellant tank, I guess you could say. Helium tank pressurized the propellant tank and forced the propellant into the engine, to fire the engine. We had a helium leak that developed as we were approaching Mars. If you looked at the data, what happened, the helium was leaking in the propellant tank. You could see the pressure build up, and it was pretty clear that before we got to Mars, it was going to explode. That really wasn’t controversial. The question is, what do you do about it?
There were really two big options to do. One was there was a pyrotechnic valve that you could close that would shut off the leak, but then it had to open in order to be able to get into orbit at Mars. If it didn’t open, the mission would be a failure. That was one option. The other option was periodically do small mid-course maneuvers, burn the engine periodically, to reduce the pressure. That clearly would work, but that put an awful heavy workload on the operating team because you had to continually regenerate the commands and doing the operations to do that. It was a heavy workload on the work team, opportunity for making a mistake, but you weren’t vulnerable to a valve having to open in order to have a successful mission.
Lot of discussion about it. The valve was put there, by the way, for that purpose. I remember, at the final decision meeting as to what to do, the large majority were in favor of the valve solution. I think there were maybe three people—there was a small number of people in favor of the workload decision. The decision was a Jim Martin, Project Manager decision, and we did the workload decision. There were two logics. One is, much of what you’re doing in even space missions and in operations, consensus is probably the reasonable solution to the problem, but when it’s life and death, consensus doesn’t have any role. Some accountable person has to make a decision, and that accountable person decided to go in the direction that the minimal number of people supported, simply because it was his view that you should not put yourself at catastrophic risk of having to have the valve open. He trusted the team more than he trusted the valve, I guess, would be the way to say it. What a great learning experience, with that.
Then, we did that. It worked, and we went into orbit. We had a pre-selected landing site that we had selected more than a year beforehand, maybe even two years, in fact, because I chaired the landing site selection process, which I’ll tell you a couple of interesting tidbits on. We went into orbit and we had prepared ourselves to validate in a collection of ways the landing site after we got there. Our plan was to land on July the 4th, 1976, a rather significant day. It had been advertised everywhere that we were going to land on the bicentennial anniversary of the United States. It was not insignificant that that was the plan.
We had set up a ground telescope capability in Arecibo, Puerto Rico, that could look at the area at about the same time as we got there, and give us some indication of roughness, and then we had cameras on-board the orbiter that were better than anything that had ever flown before. When we got there and we got our first looks at the place we were going to land, the indications were it was a lot rougher than we had thought it was. Quickly, we abandoned the landing site and abandoned landing on July the 4th.
Looking back on it, that was another fairly significant factor—because I remember the process when we decided that—we never hesitated one minute to abandon July the 4th for the safety of the mission. It didn’t play a role one way or the other. People from the leadership, from NASA Headquarters in the East, they were involved, many of them were there, informed, but it wasn’t a decision we asked anybody about. We made it and we did it because as far as we were concerned, it was clear. Then, we went about searching for a site, and we didn’t have an awful lot of time because we had another spacecraft coming right behind it, so we had to get on the ground before the next one got there because we could never have operated them both simultaneously. That was, again, an interesting learning experience.
We picked a site, landed, and fortunately, we were successful. Not too far from us was a rock—if we’d have landed on it, it would have destroyed the spacecraft. You could see it sitting there, and there wasn’t anything we could have done about it. It was just—I started to say “luck,” I don’t know. I remember a press conference, one of the press people asked Jim Martin—Jim and I were both doing the press conference—if he believed in luck, and Jim said, “There’s no such thing as luck.” He was that kind of person. They asked me, I said, “Look, I don’t believe in it, but I’ll take all I can get.”
Wright: Just in case.
Young: An extraordinary mission. The press involvement, it’s worth spending a minute on, if somebody might read this part of it. We—again, I’d say that Jim was the motivation behind it—went out of our way to be open, transparent with the media. We had a press conference every day for the activity and we both discussed science, but also engineering. There were problems that came up; we told about the problems when they occurred. We told them, “We don’t know the answer, but we’ll tell you as we went along.”
Two things came out of that. We were searching for life, obviously, and really exploring the unknown, and two things happened. One is the press really got enamored with watching the scientific process work, and most of them who had planned to go home after three days stayed for the total mission. I’d say we had almost everybody there for the total mission, although maybe some of the network stars for the whole time, which was pretty interesting because they got to see the scientific process work.
The second thing that I learned out of it was we eliminated the investigative reporter. There was no role for an investigative reporter because there wasn’t anything to investigate. As I said, we were extraordinarily open, as a policy, but we did have a rule, and that was if you were involved in a press conference, no matter who you were, you were not allowed to speculate, but you could tell any fact that existed. Don’t speculate until you really know something. That’s carried me a long ways, in the rest of my life. I’ve treated that—way ahead of my story, I worked with one other individual who taught me, a guy named Norm [Norman R.] Augustine, who taught me one other factor about dealing with the press, which I’ve used ever since and I use today, is, never do anything on background. If I interact today, testifying, if I interact with anybody, my comment is, “Anything I tell you is on the record.” If I’m not willing to be quoted, I really shouldn’t say it. I think that’s, again, another important factor.
Wright: Contextually speaking, when Viking, when you were working on that mission, the manned programs had concluded, Apollo had closed down at the end of ASTP [Apollo Soyuz Test Project], and we were also post-Watergate [political scandal]. It’s interesting, you talk about the transparency of what you were doing, and then I’m sure they were hungry for space missions, and so it was a good opportunity to show the science side of what NASA does as well.
Young: I’m sure that’s right. As I said, we went from not seeing something, as I said, any smaller than the Rose Bowl to being able to see a blade of grass. There wasn’t any grass, but you know, see something that size.
We had extraordinary people on the program, extraordinary scientists. I remember—and I want to be careful I say this right—when we were picking the site after we got there and abandoned the site, I remember one night with Carl Sagan, and Carl made a comment, “I have to be very careful what I say because you all are listening.” You learn from that, too. If somebody’s not listening to you, you can say anything you want, but if they’re really going to process it.
After we landed and we operated, another interesting aspect, when we were doing the planning, the imaging team leader was a guy named Tim [Thomas A.] Mutch, who was a pretty incredible person, who actually shortly after the mission was over died mountain-climbing in the Himalayas. I shouldn’t say “shortly after,” it was maybe two years, three years after that. We put together a pre-planned sequence of images that we could take on maybe the first 7 or 10 days, and what we would do each day, in case we did have an early failure or in case we couldn’t get commands into it.
We had a pre-planned program that was ended for the images, and I remember when we were planning that, Tim and some of us were advocating—I was, others—that we had a picture of the American flag on a top of the piece of the structure on the lander. I can’t remember what it was, but maybe the fifth one or something like that was a picture of the American flag. We were doing the planning, and Tim Mutch, who was the head of the imaging team, was against it. He thought all the pictures should be of Mars, and that’s certainly a worthy idea. We were, I don’t know, a few weeks into the mission and he called me one day, his office was in another building at JPL, and he said, “I need to come over to see you just for a minute.”
So he came over. We had been friends forever. He came over and he said, “Look, I just got to tell you something.” He said, “I was sitting at my desk and I happened to look at the wall at my desk, where I put notes and stuff,” and he said, “I only had one picture up there—it was the picture of the American flag. I just wanted to tell you that maybe that was an important thing to do after all.” Which is, again, an interesting story because you do these for a lot of different reasons. Science is a fundamental reason, but there is a human prestige and what have you.
Wright: While you were talking about the operational aspect, I was thinking about how you started, as you mentioned, as an engineer, but now you’re encountering all these scientists. Reading about research in planetary programs and Earth science, all of those, there’s a mixture of science and engineering. Can you share with us how that chemistry has to be so right to make that mission work?
Young: No question. I think that that mixture is important. Most of the robotic programs, in particular, really are science missions that are enabled by engineering. There’s got to be a strong degree of understanding and respect of the engineers for what the science folks are trying to do. There’s got to be a strong appreciation from the scientists and trust that the engineers are going to push the limit but not go beyond the limit of risk to the mission. Not only that trust, but that mutual understanding, I guess fortunately these things take a few years to develop. That really develops over time.
If I’d use myself as an example, I am not a scientist, but I have developed a lot of appreciation for science activities and I actually have done a lot of things in that regard which we’ll probably get around to. Most of the good scientists had a high regard for the engineering activity. I think you really touched on an idea. These things would not happen if it was not that cross-pollenization. It really says that engineers, you don’t have to become world-class scientist, but you’ve got to become a scientist at some level to be able to really understand the communication, and vice-versa.
For me, personally, just happenstance, luck, or what have you, but as I mentioned, back on Lunar Orbiter, I really was the guy in the project who worked with the scientists, simply because there wasn’t anybody else, not because of any great ability. These folks who—I don’t know whether names mean something to you all or not—Gene [Eugene M.] Shoemaker and Hal [Harold] Masursky and these guys, I used to spend days and weeks with these folks, doing that. They’d visit my house when they were in Langley, and vice-versa. It somewhat rubs off on you, and in both directions. Then, started off on Viking, really being that interaction.
I think it is critically important that the trust and the mutual understanding really be there. If the scientists think that the engineering side is trying to too much make their job—the engineering job—easy, or they’re being too conservative with risk, that relationship will break down. On the other hand, scientists have got to recognize that when someone with a deep engineering knowledge really draws the line, they’ve got to be supportive of that. I would say on the two projects I really was heavily involved with, which was both Lunar Orbiter and Viking, and particularly Viking, that really was true. That mutual support, respect, was there.
Wright: At times do you need that conduit, a person like you, who is kind of in the middle to bring them together or to help work those out?
Young: I think so, yes. I think that conduit does help, but it’s really got to go through the organization. I’ve talked a lot about Jim Martin, who’s kind of my hero, as a project manager. Jim was about as hardnosed a project manager as you can imagine. His focus on success could almost be brutal, and I mean that complimentary, but he had a strong recognition of how important the science was. I would say, with Jim, ties typically went to the scientists. I don’t mean that if it was clearly the right engineering decision, it didn’t go, but if there was a tie, the tie went to the scientists. That’s the way it should be, by the way. I think when we landed on Mars the first time, there was clearly enormous euphoria, but I think there was a big respect that the mission was just starting, not ending. Sometimes, you see missions when the enormous engineering feat has happened, there’s this feeling that it’s gravy from that point on, but that’s not the attitude that permeated Viking and permeates most, I think, of the robotic programs, but really critically important.
Wright: It seemed like the Planetary Program became your path for a while. I believe you went to become the Director of the program for that?
Young: Yes, when Viking was over, when the nominal mission was over, there was one really great thing, and that is when the Earth and the Sun and Mars line up, you can’t communicate with Mars. It’s called a solar conjunction. The one we encountered was on November the 15th of ’76, and that was the end of the nominal mission. Those of us who really were committed to carry out the nominal mission—and I worked on Viking eight or nine years, and I’ll touch on that, that’s a point I should make in case some young person happens to trip across this—several years in advance, even assuming everything worked, I knew the last day I was going to work on the project. That was at solar conjunction; it was two weeks with no communication. There was a team that was put together to operate it in extended mission, but on November 16th, was heading east. I’m now talking about myself personally, but I guess I started on Viking, we did the advanced studies, as you talked about, almost after Lunar Orbiter and so, it was eight years, nine years, something like that, I worked on Viking.
My biggest fear was somebody would come along and figure that they should promote me or do something else there because the only thing I wanted to do was see it to the end. Not many people see projects from day one to the end. Actually, a job did come up, which was similar to the one I went to. I was asked to come to Headquarters to interview for head of the Astronomy Program—not the Planetary Program—the same kind of activity. John Naugle was still head of Space Science, and John said it in a nice way. He said that, “You won’t be selected for this because I want you to stay on Viking.”
Wright: You had a practice interview.
Young: It would have been perceived as a significant career advancement, but I remember how I thought, “God, I sure hope I don’t get this job.” I really touch on that because I must say that both in my NASA life and in my corporate life, I’ve had a lot of people come in and say, “Well, I’ve been working on this project for two years and I’m ready to go on to something else.” And I say, “Well, let me tell you about an experience.” I don’t think there’s anything quite like seeing it from the beginning to the end. I’d say there were a lot of people who were in that category, who really had no interest in doing something else. When it was over, I’ve never been very much of a career planner, so I had no idea what to do.
Naugle had moved up, he’d got promoted, he moved up in NASA, and a guy was head of the Space Science Program, Noel [W.] Hinners was his name—I don’t know if you’ve done Noel or not, but a pretty incredible person—Noel was the head of it. It’s always been a scientist-engineering partnership, and a guy named Tony [Anthony J.] Calio, who died not very long ago, was the engineer partner with Noel. Noel asked if I would come to Headquarters to head the Planetary Program, and it took me about 30 seconds to say yes, and I went off to Headquarters to do that.
It was an interesting experience because up until that time, if you really looked, the only thing I knew was projects. People who are involved in projects have a completely different outlook on life to people who are involved in more functional or institutional kind of management. Project people, they don’t really say this, but the way they operate, it’s okay with them on the last day of the project, if all the buildings fall down, if the institution disintegrates on the last day of the project, that’s okay. Then, there’s another group of people who are trying to make the institution carry on for the next projects that are taking place. I probably didn’t say that very well.
I went to NASA Headquarters, which was an interesting experience in a whole lot of ways. One was I probably had never seen the government operate close-up so much. [President] Jimmy Carter and I went about the same time, but he didn’t realize that. What I’m really saying is there was a new president, a new administration, and so it was a chance to see that a little bit closer-up than I’d ever seen anything before, and to operate in the Washington environment, which was challenging for somebody who’s come from the project world, I’d say. It was a great experience, a good experience.
Wright: It’s a lot of different changes going on with that. Talk about some of the programs that were under your direction.
Young: There were a lot of things going on. There was a big discussion as to what to do after Viking, and that’s worth spending one minute on. Actually, Tim Mutch had gone back to Brown University [Providence, Rhode Island] and Tim headed this study at my request, looking at a Mars sample return. We’re still looking at Mars sample returns, so some things go on for a long time. Budget environments were changing, in a less favorable—which they go through those cycles. JPL had a new director, Bruce Murray, who became a very good friend, who is a very hard-charging scientist. He came from Caltech [California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California], and had been involved in the planetary work from a science standpoint and was eager to change the world, and the world wasn’t ready to be changed. I worked with Bruce a lot. One of the early experiences was trying to understand how you deal with the budget situation, for me.
I’d say my first year, it seemed like being on a roller coaster, until you finally figured out there is a pattern to the whole process. I remember trying to do some budget priorities, and one of the things that fell below the line, so to speak, in activity was there was a seismometer that was operating on the Moon that had been carried by Apollo. The scientist was Frank Press, still have some interaction with him. Frank was the President’s Science Advisor, and I decided to turn it off, which was interesting.
I come back again, though, to a lot of these things are learning experiences, and that is, you see it today, but I think somebody who has a government position like that, and that’s an insignificant position compared to a lot of the things that you see in the government, but you have two roles. One is you’re an advocate for the program, and so you’re trying to maximize the funding for your program, and it never turns out to be just what anyone wants. Once that’s determined, then the responsibility is to spend it on the highest-priority items, and the lower-priority items should fall below the line. I’m not sure we do that so well, today, to tell you the truth. The lunar seismometer fell bellow the line, and I think Press accepted that, even though I probably was naïve in recognizing that it was the President’s Science Advisor who was the experimenter.
The program that had been started that was the main item going on at the time had not launched, was in development and going forward, was Voyager, which turned out to be an incredible success, and is even today. We were looking at starting some new programs, one of which was called VOIR [Venus Orbiter Imaging Radar], which was an orbiter around Venus. There was a lot going on, a lot of budget challenges. A new Administrator, Bob [Robert A.] Frosch, was there, and Noel Hinners, working with him was, again, a real learning experience. Noel comes out of a science background; was not a lot of management roles but has a management instinct that just was incredibly impressive and did a great job there, and was a principled person above almost all else.
Wright: You want to elaborate on the management by instinct? That’s an interesting thought.
Young: Yes, I think Noel Hinners—and I’d say the same thing throughout his life—I’d put him high up on the list of managers who I’ve interacted with, but if you were looking at his background, you would not figure out that from either experience or education, they would not be obvious characteristics that one would have. I think that his instincts were just good, and he knew how to use people, and where his expertise maybe was not as developed as somebody else’s, he knew how to use that. I thought he just made incredibly good decisions and was a really good leader. I also think you watch people who are very, very bright and very capable who don’t have an intuitive feel for the business or what it is they’re trying to do, and they really struggle. Having instincts is a way to say having an intuitive feel for the activity in addition to being smart and capable and experience is a critical element, and I don’t totally know how people get that. You can see those who have it and those who don’t.
Wright: You weren’t there very long before they sent you back to California.
Young: No, I wasn’t. A chain of events happened; one is the Director at [NASA] Ames [Research Center, Moffett Field, California]—Hans Mark was the Director at Ames, and Hans was selected to be Secretary of the Air Force, and his deputy, Sy [Clarence A.] Syvertson, moved up. Sy did a search for people, for someone to be his deputy. I guess I was one of the candidates; not something I had applied for, but Sy came and talked to me, did a systematic interview, and I think there were a lot of good people, but Sy needed someone who had some understanding of projects because he had projects that were not doing all that well. I was asked to do it, and we packed up and moved across country and went to Ames. I was there, I think, one year, and my family was there nine months, or something like that. I’ll come back to that because that also was a good experience, and working with Sy was a good experience—who also died not very long ago.
Then, I got a call. Al [Alan M.] Lovelace, I guess, was the Acting Administrator at that time. Al Lovelace called up and asked, he was going to be at Rockwell, and if I’d come down to meet with him. The Goddard position was open. Bob [Robert S.] Cooper had left and gone to the DoD [Department of Defense], and he asked if I’d be interested in the Goddard job, which I obviously was. In fact, for my background, there are really two great jobs: one is Goddard, and one is JPL, just from the standpoint that my experience was more in the robotic world, and that’s where flight projects is their primary business. I remember he said, “Tell your wife I owe her one.” I told her that and she said, “One is not adequate.”
It worked out that we were coming back, so to speak, so we packed up and came back to Goddard. Ames was an interesting experience. I don’t think people often stop and think, but Ames, at the time, I think, was smaller than Headquarters, it terms of total number of people, and just accomplished an incredible amount in that timeframe. There really were some world-class people who were there who I would say took me under their wing, at the time.
I remember—again, these are the learning experiences—when I went out, it was an Ames tradition that the Director and the Deputy Director had an assistant, but it was stronger than that. It was a very competent researcher or technical person, and I remember I had this woman who was really impressive. When I got out there, trying to show that I deserved to be there, I said, “Do you all have anything like NMIs?” NASA Management Instructions, which I’d seen at Headquarters.
She said, “Yes, we have AMIs,” Ames Management Instructions.
I said, “Could you get somebody to pull them together because I’d like to read through them.”
She said, “Why do you want to do that?”
I said, “Well, I should know what the policies are of the Center.”
She said, “All it does is tell you what you can’t do—why would you want to know what you can’t do?” She said, “I recommend you not read them,” and I never did! I don’t want to get carried away with that because policies are important, but there was an interesting message she was giving, “Don’t come out here and write off, spend all your time trying to understand what you can’t do. We need help.” I remember that quite well.
Sy was interesting, in that he, relatively to projects, pretty much said, “Hey, they’re yours.” There were some space projects but also some aeronautics projects. I was there a year, so at my retirement dinner they said, “We hardly knew you.” In fact, it wasn’t really a total year because towards the latter part of it was when—which is an interesting step in my evolution or what have you—Shuttle had run into a big problem in Washington, which I’ll talk a little bit about. Lovelace put together a small group of people to do an independent review of Space Shuttle, and I was one of those people. The first one of those I’ve done, I’ve now done zillions of them, but that was the first one I did or was involved with.
An incredibly interesting group of people—one of them was a guy named, if I remember right, [Howard E.] McCurdy, who had come to NASA and had been Chairman and CEO of Sun Oil. Another guy who had worked very closely with [James E.] Webb when Apollo was being formed, Jim [James A.] Abrahamson, who, at that time, was head of the F-16 program, but then became head of Human Space Flight at NASA Headquarters. Who else? A couple of other people.
I really say that because the reviews were interesting, but the dinners where we were just chatting about—the guy who had been with Webb was telling all kinds of stories about dealing with [President John F.] Kennedy and getting approval of Apollo, and it was like having a front-row seat to history. That was really quite an interesting experience. I don’t know much else I can tell you about it, but we spent a lot of time going to JSC.
I remember we were interviewing Kraft, and I remember we went down to see Chris and all of his lieutenants and what have you were in the room. Chris said, “Why are you all here? Don’t you all have something to do?” And he kicked all of them out and we sat and talked a bit. He had a very interesting view of it—which he always does; I’m a big fan of Chris Kraft—his view was, “God, there was something bad happened in Washington, a lot of my friends were probably injured, but sure glad it had nothing to do with us down here.”
The Ames experience was short, interesting, probably my first real introduction to Center management, even though I’d been at a Center. When you’re on a project, you don’t care about anything else that’s going on at the Center. I’ll stop there.
Wright: I was going to see if you wanted to talk any more about the Shuttle assessment because when we were looking into it, I think one of the aspects that the group talked about was it seemed to be an inadequate long-range planning effort that the team felt that needed to be put into more. I was curious to see if there was anything from that study that you thought about or have thought about over the years?
Young: Actually, the answer’s yes, and I’ve come across it a bit. First of all, I’m not sure it’s a good way to do it, but the way it was done was interesting in that—I guess Lovelace really said this. He said he was not interested in a consolidated committee view. He really wanted each individual to document their views, which was interesting because that’s a way to do it. The circumstance was the following: the Shuttle was rolling along—and this is my perspective—the Shuttle was proceeding along. Basically the process was that they put together a request for a budget every year, and it’s still the process, obviously. They advocated it, they got out of it as much money as they could, but not enough, each year. What they really did was they did all the work in the year that the budget would afford, and did it well. What they didn’t have money for, they moved it to the next year. That was basically the process that was being followed, and they had no alternative. You could say that they were at the mercy of budget decisions that were made in Washington, and I don’t know the details on all those.
What was happening was they were using schedule as reserve, in effect, so as I said, they did everything they could do for the funds that were available in the year; they probably did the top-priority items and probably did it all very, very well. But, they didn’t accomplish the plan because there wasn’t enough budget to accomplish the plan, so it moved forward. What happened was that that was a process. I think everybody was functioning in that regard, and then there was a DoD payload that had to be launched at a particular time period. That was when they were launching defense payloads. It had to be launched at a particular time period, and it was one the President was involved with. It was a program of that level of importance.
When they said it had to be launched—and Shuttle had never flown, obviously, they were still developing—at a particular time period. Then it became apparent, and I think everybody working on it knew it, there had been a deficit accumulated over time because every year, you weren’t accomplishing the work that you had planned to accomplish. Even though, I really want to highlight, probably accomplishing everything that could be done for the funds.
There was an amount of work to meet that schedule, about $5 billion that was un-funded. There was a bubble, or whatever you want to call it, that existed to do that. In order to launch when it was needed to be launched, there was essentially a $5 billion budget problem. That is caused by, as I said, the total system failing to fund to the level, to the most probably cost of the mission, which I’ve actually, in my later life, seen a lot of programs like this. It’s a tragic problem because the problem is when you do the work when it should be done, it maybe costs you a dollar. When you do it out of sequence like this, that same thing probably costs you $3. It’s a very expensive process to move, to delay things.
I think it probably happens throughout the government. What really happened in this case was, and the reason this review was taking place, all of a sudden, Shuttle had a $5 billion problem, which was a big problem at that time. I think the JSC leadership probably said, “Why is anybody surprised?” I don’t know whether you’ve had other people discussing this or not in your interviews, but they said, “This is the way the project has been managed.” By the way, [International] Space Station was managed exactly the same way, and we may come to it.
That was the first real review that I’d been involved with, and it was the first time that I had really appreciated how much schedule was used as reserve. By the way, it’s worth, again, commenting a little bit. Of the options [available], that was good. You’ll say, “Well, that’s a little bit crazy.” The other option that could have been used would have been risk could have been the reserve, and there are examples of that. We probably will talk about that. If the people at Johnson had not been so good and had been trying to prove that we can manage this thing for this budget no matter what, they might have taken the course where instead of schedule being the reserve, risk would have been the reserve.
When you use risk as the reserve, you’re really in troubled waters because pretty soon, you’re to the point of having failures. When you’ve got a given amount of work to accomplish and you don’t have the budget to accomplish it, you’ve got to have some safety valve. The safety valve that was used in this instance was keep moving the first launch out, keep using schedule as a reserve, and when we get there, we’ll do it. That was pretty good until somebody said, “You’ve got to launch on this date.” That’s when the problem really presented itself.
Wright: Interesting. An interesting way for you to move into Goddard, and you have this little break of the study group, and then take on your own Center, and again for a short amount of time. Of course, you didn’t walk into that—what were your expectations when you were asked to take the leadership at Goddard?
Young: If, as I said, for somebody with my background, if you were identifying great opportunities, Goddard would be one of those. I was getting excited about the opportunity. Again, that was probably the last time ever, a little on the young side for it. I also remember Al Lovelace saying, “I’ll tell you, a lot of my people say that you’re not seasoned enough for this job, but I don’t know what that means.” He said, “Should I sprinkle salt and pepper on you?” I still remember that humorous discussion.
The Goddard thing, for me, worked out well. Goddard had—every Center has this—its share of extraordinarily competent characters. One of the things, and I want to say this right, also, I had one advantage and Bob [Robert S.] Cooper, who was a friend and really a very capable person, Bob and Goddard didn’t get along well. That made my transition easier, in that regard. Goddard had always had a concept of being both a doing and a managing organization, and they had always had an in-house project as well as managing contracted projects. Bob stopped that, said there would be no more in-house projects, and I happened to have come to through the school that I thought the in-house projects were good things to do. It was a no-brainer that when I said we were going to do an in-house project, that love was just showered on me.
Wright: Just a hero.
Young: That was not a hard thing to do. I do remember a few items that jumped out, two or three experiences. As I said, first of all, really capable people. I guess that I had been involved in a lot of project activity, so I had a lot of experience with that, which was important to the Goddard mission. I don’t know what I want to say, but I was a strong believer in identifying problems, solving them, and they fell in line with it. I think we got along well, so I can’t say I really had any great problems at Goddard.
I remember again, something that goes back to this Viking experience we were talking about earlier, about no investigative reporters. I remember my first big presentation to the all-hands briefing, and by luck, I said, “I’m establishing ground rules for these briefings. I’m going to answer you in three ways for questions. One is ‘I know, and I’ll tell you.’ The second is, ‘I don’t know.’ But the third is, ‘I know, but I can’t tell you.’” I said, “You’re going to have to respect that.” I said, “I’m not going to tell you that I don’t know when I know, but there are some budget issues that are privileged.” We had a rule in the beginning that things were in those three categories. That was a little luck, but not a terrible amount of luck.
A little bit was really based on, as I’ve said, what I had learned from others as I was coming along. That served me pretty well. I remember one other experience there. Almost day one, there was a collection of problems, but there was this big issue of a data processing a problem that Goddard could never get right. Headquarters and others, it was a big reputational item. We started getting together to work it, had Saturday meetings and Sunday meetings and the typical NASA approach. In a couple of months, we got the problem solved. So I went to one of the senior old-timers there and I said, “Look, I have a curiosity question—how did we solve that problem?” I said, “That had gone on for months and almost years, how did we solve it?”
Again, I don’t want to get carried away with it, but it’s an interesting thing. They said, “Look, if the Center Director decides this is the most important problem at the location, then the most capable people go to focus on it, and then they solve the problem.” I learned a fair amount out of that process, and I think that’s true. I think that’s true no matter where you are. I think it’s probably true in the White House, it’s true at Martin Marietta. If the senior person says, “This is a critical problem that must be solved,” the best people are going to gravitate towards helping solve it, and it’s probably going to get solved.
Wright: That is interesting. Do you feel like you set some things in progress and was able to make an impact in your short amount of time at Goddard before you left?
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Young: Yes, I do, actually. We had some programs that were in serious trouble, Landsat being one I remember. Again, from the learning experience standpoint, there’s a guy there named John [H.] Boeckel. John was head of Engineering at the time, but he really was looked at as the best technical person at Goddard. I remember on Landsat, we were having meetings all the time, trying to solve the Landsat problems. I remember John saying, “If you function tomorrow the same way you function today, you probably should expect about the same result.” He said, “If we’re going to solve the trouble, we’ve got to do something different.”
They were just good people at Goddard, and I think the thing that I probably brought—and I don’t want to get carried away with this—was that I identified very much with the kind of work they were trying to do. I really was quite supportive of what they were doing, and I think that we went about correcting a lot of the project kinds of problems that existed. It was one of my personal better experiences. My best experience, there’s nothing that beats being a project manager. I knew when I finished Viking that I would never do anything like that again in my life.
Wright: Never have that same feeling.
Young: Yes, never have that same feeling. I remember, I’m really deviating, John Naugle, one time, he was now the number three guy at NASA, whatever he was called at the time, and John said, “You have had the opportunity to have the thrill of being on the project, and the rest of your life, your job is to create that opportunity for other people.”
Wright: That’s a good legacy to leave, yes.
Young: It is, yes, it is.
Wright: Where we are is basically closing up your years at NASA, and those 21 years you were there were pretty full.
Young: They were. They were terrific, and I figured I’d probably be there the rest of my life, and made a career change, obviously. People have often asked why, and I don’t know if I even know why. I’ve always been an advocate and still am of the partnership between NASA and the industrial partners in making these things happen. I had a great curiosity as to how it really worked on the other side, even though I had worked heavily with the contractors and knew some of the people at Martin Marietta, I was not out looking for a job. They asked me if I was interested, and one thing led to another, and I made the change.
I will tell you that later on, when I went to Orlando [Florida] operations and the guy at Martin Marietta, the newspaper guy there was interviewing me about it and I was talking about this kind of higher calling. He says, “Oh, come on, it was the money, wasn’t it?” But it intrigued me, how the process works on both sides. I just decided, much like when I went to work on Lunar Orbiter, to give the industrial side a try. It was a good decision for me, also. NASA was a terrific decision and that was a good decision. Now, sometimes there are Ys in the road and you don’t know what the other branch would have done. I made the decision to go to Martin Marietta, left Goddard, which was a hard thing for me to do.
Wright: This time, when you left a location, you also left the agency. You weren’t just moving from another position.
Young: That’s right, yes. In retrospect, it was an different aspect of my career. I went to work there, started out working at the corporate headquarters. At that time, Martin Marietta had a position they called Vice-President of Technical Operations. It’s not really a vice-president; I guess it’s a title but it’s not a corporate item. It was a position that they used at the time, used after that, too, but in essence, somebody like me could come in from the outside, and could pretty much see across the total corporation. The total corporation could pretty much see the individual, and you couldn’t do much damage in the process. The guy who had the job before me was Norm Augustine, I don’t know if you know Norm. Norm had it before I did, then I had it. In fact, I went there first working for Norm, then he went to Denver [Colorado], and then I took the job. It was interesting, got to see quite a bit of what happens on the corporate side.
I’ve often been asked, particularly by colleagues, about the transition. For me, the transition from NASA or from government or whatever you want to call it to the private sector turned out to be incredibly easy. The reason being that NASA’s an organization, but all the things I was involved in were very objective-oriented or goal-oriented. Where industry, probably the ultimate common denominator is profit, it’s a very goal or objective-oriented organization. Not that different than everything I’d done in NASA. I found the transition to be incredibly easy, in that regard.
The activity at the headquarters, a little bit like NASA Headquarters, it’s not as exciting as being in the field operations. Somebody has to do it, so I don’t mean to imply that, but so, I went from everything being a buzz to a different kind of an environment. Took me a little while to adjust mentally to that, but that was more me. I actually was at headquarters for, I think, six months, and at that time, Martin Marietta was not an enormous company. They had really three primary locations, Denver, Orlando, were the two largest, and then Baltimore [Maryland], which was by far the smallest. Baltimore was largely a manufacturing activity. Norm had gone to Denver, so they had a super person in Denver, they had a good person in Orlando, and they had terrible problems in Baltimore. I was asked if I wanted to go to Baltimore. I came from a technology, high-tech, project kind of a background, and Baltimore was a blue-collar manufacturing kind of an operation, but I said, “Sure, what the heck?” It was interesting, too. First off, Baltimore is where the company began.
Wright: You didn’t have to move, right?
Young: Didn’t have to move, that’s right. I went to Baltimore and learned a lot about the finance side of the business, which they had been terrible at. Learned a lot about dealing with a CFO [Chief Financial Officer] and that side of the business. I would say that my problem-solving skills, which were really honed from working on projects where that’s all you’re doing, is problem-solving, really worked pretty well there. Drove the people crazy, I would say, I think really crazy. We applied much the same concept of, all right, let’s get it all on the table and see if we can’t shuffle through this to find the problems and work nights and weekends. Actually, the organization—it’s still a small organization—turned around pretty well, so that was good.
It had a mixture; it had commercial programs, it also had a major Navy project, which was called Vertical Launch System. This was a system that actually a guy in Orlando had created, where on Navy destroyers and cruisers you can launch missiles right out of the bowels of the ship. I think you can launch one every second, and it can launch 120-some missiles, Tomahawks or different cruise missiles, one second apart. Just as fast as you want to. It’s where almost all the cruise missiles that were used in Iraq and Afghanistan were launched, off of this. We had that system—I’m really coming around to it—the customer, it was the Aegis [Combat] System, and there was a Navy guy named Wayne [E.] Meyer.
I don’t know if you’ve ever heard of Wayne Meyer; Wayne Meyer was the Admiral in charge of this program, and Wayne Meyer was just an incredible systems guy. It’s a learning experience from the customer. Wayne, every morning outside of his office, had one of these flip charts and he had a pull up your socks list that he did every morning. He was so enormously dedicated to the success of this program. Again, even in a manufacturing, blue-collar thing, you interact with people who are just incredible.
Another guy who was there at Baltimore, a guy named Mel Ruth [phonetic], who’s still living, who had been there for years. When Mel Ruth [phonetic] started there, he made $0.37 an hour, I still remember that, because I remember he said the boss came out one day—and this has nothing to do with it, but it’s just interesting—and said, “Mel, you’re doing a terrific job and we’re going to raise your salary. We’re going to raise it to $0.38 an hour on one condition, you don’t tell anybody, because we don’t want the word to get around that you’re making $0.38 an hour.”
Mel Ruth, we had a program for the B-1 bomber, where we built the tail structure for the B-1. There were a lot of problems with it also, and it was probably one of the beginnings that Mel really was doing this. But, the basic concept in a lot of the manufacturing at the time was so-called commodity shop. You just take everything, the manufacturing people do everything, you just take your end and they’ll manufacture it. He changed that around to being very project-dedicated. Today, that’s the technique that’s used throughout American industry, really. He wasn’t the father of that, but he was just the guy that was smart enough to recognize. Today, lead manufacturing and stuff like that all came out of that.
I was at Baltimore for I’ve forgotten how long, a couple of years or something like that. Then, I got asked if I wanted to go to Orlando—I don’t know whether you’re asked or not—but I went to Orlando. Orlando was a lot like Goddard in that it had a lot of high-technology activities. I left Baltimore, having had a terrific learning experience in the so-called manufacturing side, the industrial side of the business. It helped transition me away from just projects and NASA Center kinds of activities, and we went to Orlando.
Orlando was full of high-technology, pushing the state-of-the-art projects. We’re doing incredibly good things, but we’re doing it by what I used to quasi-jokingly and seriously say, “hand-to-hand combat,” and that is that a customer wasn’t happy, and it was just an agonizing way to do things. It was, again, a great opportunity to go there and try to make a real contribution.
They were delivering—now, some of these are small things, I guess the smallest was, like, Hellfire, that’s the missile that the controversial drones fire—a missile or an electronic system every 10 minutes. It averaged out every 10 minutes on the working day, one was being delivered. We had about 17,000 people, and the volume of work was just incredible. Everything worked pretty well but was behind schedule, over budget, so that was what I encountered when I went to Orlando, which was a different situation. Interestingly, we used to joke, Norm Augustine, who came from an Army kind of a background, he went to Denver, which was all space, and I, from a space background, went to Orlando, which was all Army and Air Force kinds of activities. I don’t know what you want to know about those. I’ll stop there. I’m away from NASA, so you probably want history of NASA.
Wright: I think it was interesting, that you’ve talked so much about leadership. My curiosity now is going to lead you to talk to us about the types of leadership skills, and you’ve been bringing those in as you’ve gone through your work with NASA. Now you’re out working with a company that does work in space exploration, and then as you lead up furthermore into your career, you start taking those two areas and you come back and try to be an independent voice. So much of these last 15 to 20 years, you have been able to work—I guess even on both sides—and lending your expertise or lending your problem-solving skills and doing that. If you could share with us some of those management pieces and some of those skills, and then maybe even reasons why you think that you were pulled into some of those studies or to lead some of those panels to come up with some solutions to some big problems?
Young: That’s a good observation, so let me touch on the Orlando situation. As I said, Orlando was an enormous amount of business, enormous volume of products, very important to the country. One of the programs was Pershing II, which really played a key role, clearly, in the SALT [Strategic Arms Limitation Talks] agreements and probably in the demise of the Soviet Union. It was one of the factors in it. Very critically important programs—night vision systems for both helicopters and for fixed-wing airplanes. Up until that time, the air was really a daytime operation and we really developed systems that turned it into a 24-hour operation, whether that’s good or bad, we did.
As I said, the big item was the success for hand-to-hand combat, so again, a little bit of it was a problem-solving concept I had learned and had honed through the NASA activities. We went about trying to fix this. Again, a lot of good people, and so the first thing we did, I remember we had a big campaign and it was heavily-focused on quality, and we said, “Quality is one of the three legs of the stool. There’s cost, there’s schedule, and there’s quality,” a big poster, “and now that we understand that, we’re going to really go put a lot of attention on it.” Nothing happened. People didn’t have any idea what we were saying. “The three legs of the stool, you got to juggle the schedule and you got to juggle goals, the profit, you got to juggle the quality, and we don’t know what you’re talking about.”
We then got together and we said, “Okay, we’re going to have a new approach. We’re going to say that quality is first amongst equals. We’ve got schedule and cost, but quality’s more important than either one of those, so it’s first amongst equals.” We had a big effort on that and nothing happened. Nobody understood what we were talking about. We finally got together—you really touched on this, I think this comes from NASA and really space—and I said, “Okay, we’re going to try a new approach.” I will tell you, I was petrified at this. I said, “We’re going to say that quality, meaning doing it right the first time, is it. Nothing else matters. If we never make another penny, if we never deliver another product, we’re going to do it right.” The space world is mission success-oriented. We said, “That’s it, quality is the only thing that’s important, and if you’re building something and the drawings are not right, stop. If the test is not going right, stop.” We kind of put that out as a concept and as I said, I was petrified the whole place would come to a screeching halt.
There was a person on an assembly line on what was called TADS/PNVS [Target Acquisition Designation Sight/Pilot Night Vision Sensor], which was the navigation and night-targeting system Apache helicopter. Stopped the line, she said, “I can’t build it to this drawing.” I don’t think we realized it, but I think 15,000 people stopped with alarm to look as to whether or not we’d fire her. We told her to take the week off, or what. It was a slightly different time, but what we did—this was mid ’80s, now, at that time—we gave her a clock radio and we said, “Hey, what you have done is terrific.” It was the belief that for people doing the right thing, you don’t lavish them with a lot of stuff, but we would give somebody dinner for they and their significant other, so when people did what we were asking them to do, instead of shooting them, we rewarded them. The turnaround was incredible.
The other thing that we did—which is back to what, I think, I was talking way back in Viking—was the government was a big kick at the time. NASA started doing it somewhat, but mostly, it was the DoD organizations. They would come in and do audits. We said, “Well, why do we wait for them to come in? Let’s do our own.” We put together our own system of looking at ourselves and we had red-yellow-green reports, which is not very innovative. Every organization, every place, whether it was manufacturing optics or whatever it was, they had a red-yellow-green chart, and most of them were red, at the time.
We had a big visit coming by the customer, a big deal. There was a lot of debate that we should not have these boards up when the customer came through because it was kind of admitting to problems. Again, I think it goes back to the Viking investigative reporter, but I decided, “Hey, we’re going to leave them up. We’re going to do it exactly as it was.” Again, a turning point, that people said, “Hey, maybe these folks are a little bit serious about the whole thing.”
Then, the government became somewhat a partner and they said, “Okay, here’s the criteria you’ve got to have to so-call pass these future audits.” We got on the kick of saying, “We don’t want to pass, we want to pass with excellence. Passing’s not good enough.” We began to build in these themes, and the first theme was quality. As I said, if you’re talking space, mission success, that’s the only thing that’s important. In the end, if you do that right, the rest will take care of itself. The second thing we said is transparent, don’t put the charts back just because the customer’s coming in. The third thing is, don’t just pass; pass with honors. That’s what we said, “Pass with honor.” An astonishing thing to me was most people said, “This is a multi-year project,” and in six months, we pretty much had solved the problem. What I really mean by that is not only we were delivering on time, but we were also were within budgets, but the other side issue thing for everybody was that even though we thought the quality was really good before, everything was better. The products were better.
I do think—you really said this yourself—I think from my standpoint, a lot of that came from some of these experiences that I had at NASA. I think, again, the people, they were ready for this long before management was. They were saying, “Tell me, why are we screwing around with all these crazy things? Let’s just get on and do the right thing.” By the way, a lot of it, again, you see in some of the things that are happening in lead manufacturing and what have you, but we really institutionalized this. There were a lot of next-level managers who were just very taken. They were just waiting for somebody to tell them to go do it, so to speak, and we turned an organization around in a very short amount of time.
When I run into people from down there today, they’ll still comment on that experience. What I got out of it is it doesn’t matter what you’re doing—and you call it quality or call it mission success or what have you—if it’s number one, everything else will probably be better. If it’s not number one, you’re probably heading for a lot of trouble, which I’ve found a lot of places were heading for a lot of trouble in some of these crazy reviews.
Orlando was really a good experience in that regard. Then, after that, I went to our corporate headquarters for five years, I guess, as President and Chief Operating Officer. Norm was CEO and Chairman, so Norm and I had adjacent offices for five years, so we worked closely together for that time period.
Wright: When do you remember starting to be kind of the go-to person to pull in groups together to make outside assessments? I know that in ’97, you were asked to review the safety of the Russian Mir Space Station, to help decide whether that was a good time for Dave [David A.] Wolf to go up, but do you remember the other ones prior to that?
Young: Let me kind of come back, that’s a really good item. I don’t exactly know, to be honest with you. I was on the NASA Advisory Council for a long time, when Dan [Daniel S.] Goldin was there. I’m sure you’ve gotten a lot of Dan Goldin stories over the time. I’m actually an admirer of Dan Goldin, and he too is an unusual person. Let me even back up a bit.
At corporate headquarters, while I was there for the five years, the whole industry changed. The Defense budget declined enormously. The procurement in the R&D [research and development] budget, which is almost where all contractors are funded, was reduced by more than half. Today, we talk about 10 percent and everybody panics. There was a real activity aimed on what to do about this. We were trying to figure out, at Martin Marietta, what to do. I don’t know quite where I’m going to go with this, but it was an interesting experience. We knew the world was changing and we knew the budget was changing, and we knew that we had to do something different.
As a corporation, we always were very focused on strategic planning, but we did something slightly different. That is, we would take an afternoon and we would either go to Norm’s house or my house or the CFO’s house, and we would just leave for the afternoon. Most of the time, it was three of us, the CFO, Norm, and myself, and we’d go off and we would just talk about and argue about what was the right thing to do. We did that for probably a few months, and then we said, “Okay, maybe there are other people out there have some bright ideas.” The people who really look at corporations are the Wall Street analysts, and there were a lot of them at the time. They were always coming by, “What are you going to do?” We said, “We’re not going to pay you anything for this, but anybody who wants to, if you want to come in, we’ll take a better part of the afternoon and listen to what you have to say. The fundamental question is, if you were running Martin Marietta, what would you do?” We did that.
We had maybe 20 people at different times come in, and some of them really were quite interesting. We did what I kind of crazily call strategic-strategic planning. When we finished that process—and this is how to deal with just a big change; NASA has the same big changes to face—we fundamentally got our convictions as to what we thought was the right thing to do. We concluded that the industry was going to consolidate, and you could either be a buyer or a seller, and we wanted to be a consolidator and not a liquidator.
We asked our board of directors, who was quite a good board, to come and spend a Saturday. We said, “Look, we want to tell you what we think we should do, but we don’t really want to do a typical board of directors’ thing.” We didn’t want them to have a vote, “we want you to argue with us, to test us.” We said, “What we’re about to do is going to forever change this company,” so we did that.
When we finished, the management and the board were on the same page. I will tell you that we put together a list. We said we thought that companies that had defense or space parts of their business would get rid of them, and then later, major companies would consolidate. We put together a list, if we were king for a day, what we might have happen. Two weeks after that, Jack Welch called up and said, “I’m thinking about selling the General Electric aerospace defense business, and you’re my choice to buy it. If you’re interested, let’s have dinner.” Two weeks after that, the deal was done and the board approved it.
The reason was, it had all been thought out in advance, and the board was on board. We went through it and then, on a Saturday, I remember Norm came in and said, “Well, I just had an interesting call. Dan [Daniel] Tellep just called up and said, “Do you have any interest in putting Lockheed and Martin Marietta together as companies?” Fundamentally, Martin Marietta went from $5 billion sales to $35 billion, and they went from about 40,000 people to 180,000 people, out of that process. Interesting experience, in that it really came from just an awful lot of preparation and an awful lot of discipline.
Once that was done, the Lockheed one was done, it’s not something I thought of before, but I thought, “I’m not sure that I wouldn’t like to have a third life.” I say that my first life was NASA and my second life was Martin Marietta. I didn’t know what the third life was, to be honest. I was, relative to corporate retirements, relatively young. I was 57 at the time, and I remember talking to Norm, and I said, “Norm, I think I would like to retire, and I don’t know quite what that means, but I would.”
He said, “Look, why don’t you take a month, and you and I will not mention this discussion again in a month, and you tell me whether that’s still what you’d like to do.” I did, and my interest was in doing some of the kinds of things I’d done, but I didn’t know exactly what they were. The answer was that I—not different than tons of other people—knew a lot of people, both at NASA and in the DoD world, and jokingly say, when you’re free and available, you can get a lot of work. One thing I was not interested in doing, and I was fortunate enough that my corporate life had allowed me to do it, I wasn’t interested in consulting. I didn’t want to be a consultant. Two or three people asked me to do things; I said if I could help, I’d be glad to. Joe [Joseph P.] Allen was one; Joe asked me to come look at his company, and I said, “I’ll do it only on one condition—you don’t pay me.”
About that time, two or three things came along. Mir was the first one. I was on the NASA Advisory Council, and knew Dan reasonably well, and Dan said, “I’d like to chat with you, I’ve got a real problem. There’s a lot of concern about the risk of flying U.S. astronauts on the Russian Space Station.” He said, “Would you be willing to take a look at it and tell me whether or not what we’re doing is a good thing?”
I said, “Sure, I’d be delighted to. How long do I have?”
He said, “Well, the next launch is in two weeks.”
I said, “Well, terrific, who’s going to help me with this?”
He said, “You can do it by yourself or you can get somebody to help you. It’s up to you, but I just need to know before we have the next launch whether we should do it.”
I had three people that I asked to help with it. One was Larry [Laurence J.] Adams, who had been President and CEO, had the job that I’d had at Martin Marietta before me, one was Charlie [Charles F.] Bolden, and one was Frank [L.] Culbertson. The four of us met for a few times, and really a side issue, but one of the things I really learned is, first of all, Frank Culbertson, you got to know because you just talked to him, is just an incredibly capable guy. We went off and looked at it, and simultaneous with that, Tom [Thomas P.] Stafford headed—and probably still does—a standing review with the Russians on doing the Russian joint stuff. His group was also looking at it, but we were an ad-hoc group.
We really concluded rather quickly that there are two ways you can really be killed on the Space Station. One is you can have a rapid depressurization, and one is you’d have a fire. They’d had both of them, Mir had, but the big issue that everybody was concerned about was that Mir is getting old, and was that the problem? The two ways you can get killed had nothing to do with age—it could have happened any time in the process.
Our conclusion was that it was no riskier—we said life up there may be terrible, with the temperature control bad and what have you—there was no additional risk of continuing to fly than there was when they first started in the process. That was really a controversial subject. When Dan was having a press conference for us, both Tom and me, to report, they snuck us in the back of NASA so we wouldn’t see the press.
That was one that I did. I really touched on the Shuttle one because that really was the first one that I had done extensively. I think out of all of this process—and we’ll touch on several of those because you probably have a list; I’ve done a lot of them. I think again, because of my background, the kinds of things that I had been exposed to and the kind of people I’ve had as mentors over various parts of my life, largely from the NASA activity, but then carried it over to corporate life, I developed a problem-solving capability. Most reviews don’t ever get to the root cause. Most reviews get to the cause, but not the root cause.
I think I learned enough over time that if you don’t understand the root cause, you’re probably not going to solve the problem. I’m a stickler for really trying to understand root cause. As I said, on this, it wasn’t a great invention, thought, but on the Mir thing, it was that there were two ways to be killed, and if you’ve done everything you can to minimize those, and if you’re going to be in this business, it’s a reasonable risk to take with it. I think one of the things—I’m always hesitant to say what I want to say—I probably have a real capability at is not being satisfied until you get to a root cause of the problem, again, having a way to dig to find that. Often, people who have been reviewed probably don’t enjoy it a whole lot in the process. I did that one, and then it wasn’t long after that that the Mars ’98 failure occurred.
Wright: A couple of years later, he asked you to do that one, and you found the root cause of that problem.
Young: Dan called me at home, I remember, and I still remember this experience. I was sitting with my wife, and we were watching TV and Dan was on the phone. Dan was talking about patriotism and do good things for your country and my wife was saying, “Tell him no, tell him no.”
I said, “Dan, any chance we could discuss this tomorrow?” I took that, I chaired it. There are just a lot of good people who are around. I guess | ||||||||
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7733 | dbpedia | 0 | 5 | https://clubmadrid.org/who/members/annan-kofi/ | en | Kofi Annan Secretary General UN Honorary Member Club de Madrid | [
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] | null | [] | 2017-10-20T13:01:14+00:00 | Kofi Annan is the former Secretary General of the United Nations (1997-2007) and is a Honorary Member of the Club de Madrid. | en | Club de Madrid | https://clubmadrid.org/who/members/annan-kofi/ | Date and Place of Birth:
8 April 1938, Kumasi (Ghana).
Education:
Mr. Annan began studying for a degree in Economics at the Kumasi College of Science and Technology, now the Kwane Nkrumah University of Science and Technology of Ghana. He received a Ford Foundation grant, enabling him to complete his undergraduate studies at Macalester College in St. Paul, Minnesota, USA (1961). Mr. Annan then did a DEA degree in International Relations at the Graduate Institute of International Studies (Institut Universitaire des Hautes Etudes Internationales) in Geneva (1961-1962), later attending the MIT Sloan School of Management (1971-1972) Sloan Fellows Program and receiving a Master of Science degree.
Professional Experience and Political Career
Kofi Annan started his career as Budget officer for the World Health Organization, an agency of the United Nations. From 1974 to 1976, he worked as Director of Tourism in Ghana. He then returned to work for the UN as an Assistant Secretary-General in three consecutive positions: Human Resources, Management and Security Coordinator from 1987 to 1990; Program Planning, Budget and Finance, and Controller, from 1990 to 1992; and Peacekeeping Operations, from March 1993 to February 1994.
Mr. Annan served as Under-Secretary-General until October 1995, when he was made a Special Representative of the Secretary-General to the former Yugoslavia, serving for five months in that capacity before returning to his duties as Under-Secretary-General in April 1996.
On 13 December 1996, Kofi Annan was recommended by the United Nations Security Council to replace the previous Secretary-General, Dr. Boutros-Ghali of Egypt, whose second term faced the veto of the United States. He was confirmed four days later by the vote of the General Assembly, and he started this first term as Secretary-General on 1 January 1997.
One of Mr. Annan’s main priorities as Secretary-General was a comprehensive program of reform aimed at revitalizing the UN making the international system more effective. He was a constant advocate for human rights, the rule of law, the Millennium Development Goals and Africa, and sought to bring the organization closer to the global public by forging ties with civil society, the private sector and other partners.
Since leaving the UN, Mr. Annan has continued to advocate for better policies to meet the needs of the poorest and most vulnerable, particularly in Africa. In 2007, Mr. Annan accepted the invitation of the Swiss Government to become President of the Global Humanitarian Forum – a Forum which seeks to promote dialogue and build strategic alliances with different actors to tackle neglected and emerging humanitarian issues.
Mr. Annan also serves in the Africa Progress Panel, the United Nations Foundations and in the Elders Group, and chairs the Prize Committee of the Mo Ibrahim Foundation and the Board of the Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa (AGRA). | |||||
7733 | dbpedia | 3 | 82 | https://today.duke.edu/2003/05/kofibolts0506.html | en | Health Reasons Force Kofi Annan to Miss Duke Commencement | https://today.duke.edu/themes/custom/dt/favicon.ico | https://today.duke.edu/themes/custom/dt/favicon.ico | [
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] | 2003-05-06T12:00:00 | en | /themes/custom/dt/favicon.ico | Duke Today | https://today.duke.edu/2003/05/kofibolts0506.html | DURHAM, N.C. -- United Nations Secretary-General Kofi Annan , scheduled to be Duke University's commencement speaker at its Sunday, May 11, graduation ceremony, will not be able to attend because of health reasons, Duke officials announced Tuesday.
On the advice of his doctor and because of persistent laryngitis, Annan is canceling all travel and speaking engagements for the next several weeks, said Kevin Kennedy, a member of the secretary-general's staff.
Duke President Nannerl O. Keohane will read excerpts of Annan's speech during commencement.
"The secretary-general informed us late yesterday that he would be unable to attend Duke's commencement," Keohane said. "When he sent us a draft of his speech today, however, we were touched by the words he planned to share, comparing his own journey from Ghana to the United Nations with the choices Duke students face as they graduate. We decided to read aloud some excerpts at our ceremony, knowing that our graduates and their friends and families will be moved by his message of hope in a time of uncertainty."
In addition, the four other honorary degree recipients -- U.S. Navy Admiral Frank L. "Skip" Bowman; artist, author and feminist Judy Chicago; physician-scientist Dr. Richard D. Klausner and dance leader Charles L. Reinhart -- will each make brief remarks during commencement.
Graduation weekend events are not limited to Sunday's commencement ceremony. From Friday through Sunday evening, different schools, departments and programs have scheduled special events to recognize their graduating students.
Duke will award 2,960 undergraduate, graduate and professional degrees during Sunday's commencement ceremony in Wallace Wade Stadium. Keohane will preside at the 10 a.m. exercise, which is free and open to the public.
Visitors on campus
The University's Secretary's office, which oversees planning for graduation weekend, estimates the main commencement exercise and various ceremonies held by individual schools, departments and programs will attract about 18,000 people to campus beginning Friday.
The Durham Convention and Visitor's Bureau (DCVB) is estimating this year's graduation will add an estimated $1.5 million to the local economy through sales of food, hotel rooms, retail items, gasoline, car rentals and entertainment, according to Reyn Bowman, DCVB president.
It's a busy time for Durham's innkeepers and restaurateurs, with Mother's Day, and the commencements for both Duke and North Carolina Central University all on the same weekend, Bowman said.
Bowman said an estimated two-thirds of Duke visitors will stay overnight, helping to contribute to the total economic impact. "That's a significant chunk of business," he said.
On campus, additional police officers will help with extra traffic and parking demands, said Maj. Burnice Parker of the Duke University Police Department.
Those seeking parking spaces are encouraged to arrive early. Nearly all campus lots, including gated facilities, will be open, but several lots near Wallace Wade Stadium and East Campus, where ceremonies and special events are planned, will be restricted. Parker recommended that West Campus visitors park at the Gross Chemistry Building, at the corner of Science Drive and Towerview Road.
On Sunday, shuttle buses will run from Circuit Drive (which connects Towerview Road and LaSalle Street) to Wallace Wade Stadium. Out-of-town visitors can take buses from one of five hotels. Schedules for the shuttle service will be posted Friday in the lobbies of the Millennium Hotel, Hilton Durham Hotel, Durham Fairfield Inn, Courtyard Marriott and Durham Marriott at the Civic Center.
People will mobility impairments may be driven to the entrance of each venue, but their vehicles must be parked elsewhere.
Speakers at other ceremonies
Individual schools also will bring guest speakers on campus over the weekend to address their graduates in special ceremonies:
-- At 7:30 p.m. Friday in Duke Chapel, Dr. Edward C. Halperin, vice dean for the School of Medicine, will be the keynote speaker at the Hippocratic Oath Ceremony for medical school graduates.
-- At 9 a.m. Saturday, Gilbert M. Grosvenor, chairman of the National Geographic Society's Board of Trustees and former editor of National Geographic and president of the society, will speak to the graduates of the Nicholas School of the Environment and Earth Sciences in the Levine Science Research Center Courtyard.
-- At 10 a.m. Saturday, Donald R. Keough, former president of the Coca-Cola Co., will address graduates of the daytime Duke MBA Program of the Fuqua School of Business in Cameron Indoor Stadium.
-- At 2 p.m. Saturday in Cameron, Leslie E. Bains, senior executive vice president of HSBC Bank, North America, will speak at The Duke MBA-Cross Continent, a program of the Fuqua School.
-- At 6 p.m. Saturday, Dennis W. Archer, president-elect of the American Bar Association, will speak at the law school's commencement in Cameron.
-- At 6:30 p.m. Saturday, Willie J. Jennings, senior associate dean for academic programs and assistant research professor of theology and black church studies, will preach the sermon titled "The Proper Imbalance" at the Divinity School commencement in Duke Chapel.
-- At 7 p.m. Saturday, Major General (Ret.) Nancy R. Adams will speak at the School of Nursing Hooding and Recognition Ceremony at Griffith Film Theatre in the Bryan Center. Adams was the first Army nurse to be promoted to major general and is currently the senior adviser for TRICARE, the Department of Defense's managed health care program for active-duty military. | |||
7733 | dbpedia | 0 | 38 | https://www.timetoast.com/timelines/kofi-annan--8 | en | Kofi Annan timeline. | https://s3.amazonaws.com/s3.timetoast.com/public/uploads/photo/3454892/image/b6d134d537b554e491d7fcb6dbbc47a0?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIAJB6ZCNNAN7BE7WDQ%2F20240817%2Fus-east-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240817T033426Z&X-Amz-Expires=604800&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Signature=b1c05b94affb5e51bb1e8d96b233188ace94e1e7eeeec58bbc479a6265b585b5 | https://s3.amazonaws.com/s3.timetoast.com/public/uploads/photo/3454892/image/b6d134d537b554e491d7fcb6dbbc47a0?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIAJB6ZCNNAN7BE7WDQ%2F20240817%2Fus-east-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20240817T033426Z&X-Amz-Expires=604800&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Signature=b1c05b94affb5e51bb1e8d96b233188ace94e1e7eeeec58bbc479a6265b585b5 | [
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Annan called on the United States and the United Kingdom not to invade without the support of the United Nations in 2003.
After the U.N.
Global EldersMacArthur FoudationAGRA Annan was named chairman of the prize committee for the Mo Ibrahim Prize for Achievement in African Leadership, was chosen to lead the new formation of Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa (AGRA), became a member of the Global Elders, was appointed president of the Global Humanitarian Forum in Geneva, and was selected for the MacArthur Foundation Award for International Justice. | |||
7733 | dbpedia | 0 | 18 | https://www.ivywise.com/blog/10-mit-notable-alumni-who-are-they-what-did-they-achieve/ | en | 10 MIT Notable Alumni: Who Are They and What Did They Achieve? | [
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] | 2022-07-22T00:00:00 | Learn who are some of the most notable MIT Alumni and what they have achieved. | en | IvyWise | https://www.ivywise.com/blog/10-mit-notable-alumni-who-are-they-what-did-they-achieve/ | Most students who are passionate about science and technology are familiar with MIT. The university is a renowned research institution that provides students with ample opportunities to spearhead their own projects, learn from esteemed faculty, and make connections with MIT’s robust alumni network.
There’s no shortage of famous names and faces when it comes to MIT’s community of alumni. In fact, there are thousands of successful MIT alumni who students can tap for advice, internship opportunities, and research positions. Keep reading to learn more about MIT’s most successful alumni and the impressive feats they have achieved.
Why Is MIT So Prestigious?
Given MIT’s reputation as one of the most prestigious schools in the country, it’s no surprise that the institution counts so many celebrities and famous names amongst their list of alumni. Much of what makes MIT special is the university’s unparalleled commitment to academic excellence.
The grades and test scores that students need to be competitive in MIT’s admissions process are exceptionally high. In fact, in recent years the middle 50% score range for applicants admitted to MIT was a 790-800 in the Math section of the SAT, a 730-780 for the Evidence-Based Reading section of the SAT, and a 35-36 for the ACT. MIT’s acceptance rate is comparable or lower than most Ivy League institutions, with its most recent admissions rate dropping below 4%.
MIT Notable Alumni: 10 of the Most Successful MIT Graduates
As one of the most academically rigorous and prestigious schools in the country, it’s easy to understand why so many notable scientists, entrepreneurs, and visionaries chose MIT as the college they wished to attend. Many MIT alumni are known for the rigorous STEM programs they completed, but there is a wide array of MIT majors to choose from. While it’s challenging to choose just a handful of MIT’s successful alumni to spotlight, here are a few names that stand out for their achievements in their professional fields:
1. Buzz Aldrin
Buzz Aldrin is a former astronaut, engineer, and fighter pilot. He made three spacewalks as pilot of the 1966 Gemini 12 mission, and he was one of the first two people to land on the moon in 1969. After graduating from the United States Military Academy at West Point with a degree in Mechanical Engineering, Aldrin went on to earn a master’s degree at MIT.
2. Kofi Atta Annan
Kofi Atta Annan was a Ghanian diplomat who served as the seventh Secretary General of the United Nation from 1997-2006. Annan and the UN were the co-recipients of the 2001 Nobel Peace Prize. Prior to his diplomatic work, Annan studied at the MIT Sloan School of Management in the Sloan Fellow program, earning a master’s degree in Management.
3. Payal Kadakia
Payal Kadakia is the founder of the revolutionary fitness and wellness platform, ClassPass, which provides people access to the best boutique fitness classes, gyms, and wellness experiences around the world. Kadakia has been listed among Fast Company’s 100 Most Creative People and was named to Fortune’s 40 under 40 list. She holds a Bachelor’s of Science from MIT, where she majored in Operations Research.
4. Jonah Peretti
After earning his Master’s degree from MIT Media Lab, Jonah Peretti went on to make a name for himself in digital media. He is the co-founder and CEO of BuzzFeed, in addition to serving as a co-founder of The Huffington Post, and developer of reblogging under the project Reblog. He also co-authored a book, Cory Arcangel: All the Small Things.
5. Shirley Ann Jackson
Shirley Ann Jackson was the first woman to earn a PhD at MIT. In 1995, President Bill Clinton appointed her as chairwoman of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. During her tenure, Jackson has instituted massive crackdowns on the nuclear power industry’s violations. At MIT, she graduated with a PhD in particle physics.
6. Andrea Wong
Another notable MIT alumni is Andrea Wong, who served as International President for Sony Pictures and President and CEO of Lifetime Networks. She is considered one of the great masterminds behind some of America’s favorite reality shows. However, before getting her start in television, she graduated from MIT with a Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering. She went on to earn an MBA at Stanford. Since then, she has produced shows like The Bachelor, Dancing with the Stars, and Extreme Makeover: Home Edition. Her shows have won multiple Emmys and Golden Globe Awards.
7. Drew Houston
Just two years after Drew Houston graduated from MIT with a Bachelor’s Degree in Computer Science, he went on to co-found an online file-hosting service with Arash Ferdowski, later known as DropBox. During his time in college, he co-founded an SAT preparation company and was a member of the Phi Delta Theta Fraternity. Houston has since returned to MIT to deliver the 2013 Commencement Speaker speech at his alma mater.
8. Richard Feynman
Not all of the most notable MIT alumni names are recent graduates. After completing his studies at MIT in 1939, Richard Feynman went on to become a Nobel Prize-winning theoretical physicist, known for his work in quantum mechanics, quantum electrodynamics, and more. However, he was best known for his work on the Manhattan Project during World War II, when he helped create the first atomic bomb. During his time at MIT, Feyman originally studied mathematics before switching to electrical engineering, claiming mathematics was “too abstract”.
9. Ivan Getting
Like many notable MIT alumni, Ivan Getting is credited with creating something that many people rely on today: GPS navigation systems. He was a brilliant physicist and electrical engineer who graduated from MIT with a Bachelors of Science in 1933. He then went on to develop a system that allowed anti-aircraft guns to destroy German flying bombs during World War II. Most famously, he is credited with the development of the Global Positioning System, commonly known as the abbreviated GPS.
10. Illene S. Gordon
Last but certainly not least, Illene S. Gordon is a powerful female entrepreneur credited with founding Ingredion, an ingredient provider specializing in starches. She earned her Bachelor’s of Science in Mathematics as well as her Master’s of Science degree from MIT. While earning her bachelor’s, she wanted to become a math teacher, but she was inspired by other female students in her class to change course and pursue her master’s. She was named in Fortune Magazine’s list of 50 Most Powerful Women in 2015. | |||||
7733 | dbpedia | 1 | 54 | https://www.ivywise.com/blog/caltech-vs-mit/ | en | Caltech vs. MIT: Which College Is Right for You? | [
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] | 2024-02-15T00:00:00 | MIT and Caltech are both scientific and technological titans. Let’s explore their distinctive features, so you can decide which college is right for you. | en | IvyWise | https://www.ivywise.com/blog/caltech-vs-mit/ | One is on the East Coast, the other on the West Coast. Both have the industrious beaver as their mascot. The Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the California Institute of Technology are both scientific and technological titans and world leaders in cutting-edge research and innovation. Let’s explore the distinctive features of MIT and Caltech, so you can decide which college is right for you.
Is There a Rivalry Between MIT and Caltech?
While no heated rivalry exists between the two institutions, there is certainly a competitive atmosphere. Both Caltech and MIT are elite private universities focused on science and technology, which puts them in similar academic spheres. This has naturally led to a friendly rivalry in terms of their research and the advancements they make in STEM fields. Additionally, the schools have a history of playing elaborate pranks on each other, which are all in good fun.
Is Caltech Better Than Harvard?
Whether Caltech is “better” than Harvard University depends on individual preferences, academic goals, and the specific field of study. If you are interested in a specialized focus on science and technology, Caltech might be more suitable. However, if you seek a broader range of academic disciplines and a more well-rounded education, Harvard could be a better fit. Both institutions are highly regarded, and the choice often depends on which one better aligns with your academic and professional goals. You may also want to consider location, student life, campus size, and other factors that can affect your college experience.
Read our guide on how to get into Harvard.
Why is Caltech So Prestigious?
Caltech consistently ranks among the top institutions globally in science and technology, attracting top-tier faculty and students. Faculty and researchers from Caltech have been involved in significant discoveries and advancements, contributing to its reputation for cutting-edge research. The institution has also produced 46 Nobel laureates among its faculty and alumni, among numerous other awards and prizes.
Additionally, NASA entrusts Caltech to manage the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, which sends probes into space to explore the solar system. Caltech is also known for its Seismological Laboratory and numerous astronomical observatories.
Is Caltech an Ivy League Level?
Caltech is often considered on par with Ivy League schools in terms of academic excellence and prestige. It is a top-ranked university that is frequently listed alongside or even above Ivy League schools in various national and international university rankings. In addition to its global reputation in science and technology, Caltech’s small size, accomplished faculty, low student-to-faculty ratio, and emphasis on personalized education contribute to its standing among elite colleges and universities.
Caltech vs MIT: Which One Is Better?
The question of whether Caltech or MIT is “better” depends on your academic goals and what you hope to get out of your college experience in general. Aside from considering the strength of their academic programs and opportunities, research each school’s campus culture, admission requirements, student clubs and activities, and career outcomes.
Learn how to get into MIT.
Academic Programs and Majors
Caltech offers 28 rigorous undergraduate programs — what they refer to as “options.” As you might expect, most of these programs are related to STEM disciplines, though Caltech also offers business and humanities programs like economics, English, philosophy, and history. All undergraduate students must complete a core curriculum, which consists of advanced courses in the social sciences, humanities, and sciences. The core curriculum is designed to strengthen critical thinking, communication, and problem-solving skills. Caltech is particularly strong in physics and astronomy as well as other science subjects, making it a good choice for students interested in pursuing those fields.
MIT offers a broader range of academic programs, including architecture and more majors in the humanities, arts, and social sciences. Undergraduates can also enroll in a program at the MIT Sloan School of Management that combines business perspectives with students’ scientific and technological expertise. Prospective students interested in engineering or computing disciplines will find particularly strong programs at MIT. The core curriculum — what MIT refers to as General Institute Requirements (GIRs) — provides students with an interdisciplinary foundation that complements their choice of major.
Faculty and Research Opportunities
Caltech, known for its distinguished faculty, has attracted numerous renowned scientists and researchers across various disciplines:
A Nobel laureate in physics (2017), Kip Thorne is known for his contributions to the detection of gravitational waves. His work has significantly advanced the field of astrophysics. He taught at Caltech until 2009.
A Nobel laureate in chemistry (2018), Frances Arnold is recognized for her pioneering work in directed evolution of enzymes, with applications in biotechnology. She currently teaches at Caltech.
Although he passed away in 1988, Richard Feynman was a legendary physicist and Nobel laureate known for his contributions to quantum mechanics. His influence continues to resonate at Caltech.
A theoretical physicist known for his work in quantum information science, John Preskill is a prominent faculty member at Caltech and has played a significant role in the development of quantum computing.
A molecular biologist, Barbara Wold has made substantial contributions to the understanding of gene regulation and RNA biology. She is a current faculty member at Caltech.
An astronomer known for his discovery of Eris, a distant dwarf planet, Michael Brown has contributed to the study of the outer solar system. He is a professor of planetary astronomy at Caltech.
Research is an expectation at Caltech, and 90% of undergraduates engage in research projects. The student-to-faculty ratio of 3:1 means that students can work closely with faculty and postdoctoral scholars. Students can choose from a variety of undergraduate research programs and have access to more than 50 research centers and institutes.
MIT has a renowned faculty that has made significant contributions to various fields:
A prominent linguist, philosopher, cognitive scientist, historian, and social critic, Noam Chomsky has been a long-time faculty member at MIT. His work has had a profound impact on linguistics and cognitive science.
A bioengineer and chemical engineer, Robert Langer is known for his pioneering work in drug delivery systems and tissue engineering.
The inventor of the World Wide Web, Sir Timothy Berners-Lee is a professor at MIT. His contributions to information technology have transformed the way we communicate and access information.
A computer scientist and mathematician, Shafi Goldwasser has made significant contributions to cryptography and complexity theory. She is a recipient of the Turing Award.
A physicist and electrical engineer, Mildred Dresselhaus made pioneering contributions to the study of carbon-based materials, earning her the nickname “Queen of Carbon.” The MIT professor passed away in 2017.
A geneticist and molecular biologist, Eric Lander has played a key role in the Human Genome Project and has been influential in genomics research.
A neuroscientist and the first female president of MIT, Susan Hockfield has been a prominent figure in science and academia.
Students at MIT can participate in groundbreaking research, working closely with faculty and researchers at any of the institute’s numerous labs and centers. Additionally, students benefit from an entrepreneurial culture and resources that can help them bring their innovations to market.
Campus Culture and Student Life
The campus culture at Caltech is characterized by a unique blend of academic intensity, collaboration, and a close-knit environment. With a student body of only 1,000 undergraduates and 1,400 graduate students, Caltech is a small institution that prides itself on accomplishing big things. Residential life on campus is a social and supportive environment, where undergraduates of all years mingle in the eight smaller house communities or the larger residence halls.
Caltech students, known as “Techers,” can find a variety of clubs, activities, and events that contribute to their overall college experience, including varsity sports, recreation, performing and visual arts, lectures, and more. The student-run Caltech Y is a non-profit organization that helps students become better global citizens through a variety of leadership, service, adventure, and civic engagement activities.
Academic rigor, innovation, and a vibrant, diverse community define the campus culture at MIT. IvyWise counselor Katie, a former Senior Assistant Director of admissions at MIT, describes students there as having an “insane passion for doing whatever it is that they’re interested in.” The institution encourages students to pursue creative projects, start businesses, and engage in technological innovation. The MIT culture has contributed to the development of numerous successful startups and innovations. As for residential life, undergraduate students can choose from 11 residence halls, each with its own distinct community.
MIT is known for its “hacking” culture, where students engage in clever and creative pranks and projects. The Great Dome on campus is a popular site for these hacks, which are considered a tradition and a form of creative expression. In their free time, MIT students can participate in one or more of the 450+ clubs and organizations on campus, as well as varsity sports.
Listen to our Just Admit It! podcast: What is MIT like?
Admission and Selectivity
Over the past few years, Caltech’s admission rate has been below 5%. Students hoping to attend Caltech must demonstrate that they are being challenged academically and have a willingness to explore and take risks intellectually. Faculty review applications of the most competitive students, so it’s important to focus on STEM in the supplemental essays as much as possible. Caltech requires test scores for fall 2025 admissions after being test-blind since 2020. Students admitted to Caltech typically graduate in the top 10% of their high school class — Caltech does not report the high school GPAs of its admitted students, but you should strive for the highest GPA possible. Recommendations, strength of character, and extracurricular activities are also important factors.
Like Caltech, MIT also has an admission rate below 5%. While competitive applicants perform well academically and have a record of increasingly rigorous courses, MIT focuses on holistic admissions to ensure students are a good fit for the campus culture. This means that the student’s personal qualities, talents, and extracurricular involvements are also important factors in their admissions decisions. MIT requires students to submit standardized test scores. The middle 50% of admitted students for fall 2022 scored 1520-1570 on their SATs and 35-36 on their ACTs. While MIT does not report the high school GPAs of its admitted students, it can be helpful to know that of the students who reported their class rank, 97% graduated in the top 10% of their class.
Alumni and Career Opportunities
Caltech has produced a notable group of alumni who have made significant contributions to various fields, including science, technology, academia, and entrepreneurship.
A highly influential chemist and peace activist, Linus Pauling (Ph.D. 1925) was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his research on the chemical bond. He later received the Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts against nuclear weapons testing.
An acclaimed film director, Frank Capra (B.S. 1918) is best known for directing classic films such as “It’s a Wonderful Life” and “Mr. Smith Goes to Washington.”
Donald Knuth (Ph.D. 1963) is a computer scientist, mathematician, professor emeritus at Stanford University, and 1974 Turing Award recipient. He is best known for his work on algorithms, typesetting, and the creation of the TeX typesetting system.
Co-founder of Intel Corporation and author of Moore’s Law, Gordon Moore (Ph.D. 1954) is a pioneer in the semiconductor industry.
A pioneering AIDS researcher, Dr. David Ho (B.S. 1974) played a key role in the development of antiretroviral therapy for HIV/AIDS.
Astrophysicist and UCLA professor, Andrea Ghez (Ph.D. 1992) was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2020 for discovering a supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way.
The career outcomes for Caltech graduates span various sectors, including academia, industry, research, and entrepreneurship — the possibilities are endless. Many Caltech graduates choose to pursue careers in academia, becoming professors and researchers at universities and research institutions. They are also in high demand in industries such as technology, aerospace, biotechnology, and finance. You can also find Caltech graduates in government and national laboratories, finance and consulting firms, technology, pharmaceutical companies, and more.
As expected, MIT also has many notable alumni, some of whom are also affiliated with Caltech, such as Andrea Ghez and Richard Feynman. These alumni have made significant contributions in various fields.
Apollo 11 astronaut Buzz Aldrin (Ph.D. 1963) was the second person to walk on the moon.
Kofi Annan (M.S. 1972) was the seventh Secretary-General of the United Nations and a Nobel Peace Prize laureate.
Educator Salman Khan (B.S., M.S. 1998) is the founder of Khan Academy, an online education platform that offers free courses to millions of learners worldwide.
The first African American woman to earn a Ph.D. at MIT in 1973, Shirley Ann Jackson is a physicist who served as chair of the U.S. Regulatory Commission under President Clinton.
2022 Nobel laureate Ben Bernanke (Ph.D. 1979) is an economist and the former chair of the U.S. Federal Reserve.
Founder of the Bose Corporation, Amar Bose was an electrical engineer and sound engineer who earned his bachelor’s, master’s, and doctorate from MIT and later joined the faculty.
MIT’s commitment to pushing the boundaries of knowledge contributes to the success and impact of MIT alumni across various industries. Many MIT graduates pursue careers in technology and engineering, working for leading companies in areas such as software development, hardware engineering, aerospace, and telecommunications. Others work in research and development, manufacturing, government and public policy, and biotechnology, among numerous other industries. Because of MIT’s strong emphasis on entrepreneurship, many graduates have launched successful companies.
Extracurricular Activities
Caltech offers extracurricular activities to complement the rigorous academic environment and provide students with opportunities for personal growth, recreation, and community engagement. In addition to the clubs and activities we mentioned above, Techers can find opportunities to participate in student government, the student-run newspaper, coding competitions, robotics, and a variety of other activities that cater to diverse interests.
Similarly, MIT offers extracurricular activities, such as Model UN, student government, cultural and diversity organizations, MIT Outing Club, entrepreneurship activities, student publications, hackathons, and performing arts groups — just to name a few. Students can also participate in a variety of community service projects. | |||||
7733 | dbpedia | 2 | 56 | https://leapscholar.com/usa/massachusetts-institute-of-technology | en | Massachusetts Institute of Technology: Ranking, Courses, Fees, Admission 2024 | [
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Global MIT is an important part of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology's (MIT) mission to advance knowledge and educate students in various areas of scholarship.
It represents the Institute's vision and commitment to international engagement, which is crucial in serving the world in the 21st century.
Currently, MIT has a diverse student body of 11,000 students, including 513 undergraduates and 2,952 graduate students from 135 countries. These international students contribute to the Institute's global community and help advance its mission to make a positive impact worldwide.
Indian students have a total population of 346 students, which constitutes MIT's 2nd largest international student community of the total student population in 2023-2024.
The Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program (UROP) at MIT is a popular initiative among students, with almost 60% of undergraduates participating each year. This program allows students to work on research projects led by faculty members or start their own research projects. It's no surprise that more than 93% of students have participated in UROP by the time they graduate. | ||||||
7733 | dbpedia | 1 | 0 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kofi_Annan | en | Kofi Annan | [
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Kofi Atta Annan ( KOH-fee AN-an,[1] - AH-nahn;[2] 8 April 1938 – 18 August 2018) was a Ghanaian diplomat who served as the seventh secretary-general of the United Nations from 1997 to 2006.[3] Annan and the UN were the co-recipients of the 2001 Nobel Peace Prize.[4] He was the founder and chairman of the Kofi Annan Foundation, as well as chairman of The Elders, an international organisation founded by Nelson Mandela.[5]
Annan joined the United Nations in 1962, working for the World Health Organization's Geneva office. He went on to work in several capacities at the UN Headquarters, including serving as the Under-Secretary-General for peacekeeping between March 1992 and December 1996. He was appointed secretary-general on 13 December 1996 by the Security Council and later confirmed by the General Assembly, making him the first officeholder to be elected from the UN staff itself. He was re-elected for a second term in 2001 and was succeeded as secretary-general by Ban Ki-moon in 2007.
As secretary-general, Annan reformed the UN bureaucracy, worked to combat HIV/AIDS (especially in Africa) and launched the UN Global Compact. He was criticised for not expanding the Security Council and faced calls for his resignation after an investigation into the Oil-for-Food Programme, but was largely exonerated of personal corruption.[6] After the end of his term as secretary-general, he founded the Kofi Annan Foundation in 2007 to work on international development. In 2012, Annan was the UN–Arab League Joint Special Representative for Syria to help find a resolution to the Syrian civil war.[7][8] Annan quit after becoming frustrated with the UN's lack of progress with regards to conflict resolution.[9][10] In September 2016, Annan was appointed to lead a UN commission to investigate the Rohingya crisis.[11] He died in 2018 and was given a state funeral.
Early life and education
[edit]
Kofi Annan was born in Kumasi in the Gold Coast (now Ghana) on 8 April 1938.[12] His twin sister Efua Atta, who died in 1991, shared the middle name Atta, which in the Akan language means "twin".[13] Annan and his sister were born into one of the country's Fante aristocratic families; both of their grandfathers and their uncle were Fante paramount chiefs,[14] and their brother Kobina would go on to become Ghana's ambassador to Morocco.[15]
In the Akan names tradition, some children are named according to the day of the week they were born, sometimes in relation to how many children precede them. Kofi in Akan is the name that corresponds with Friday, the day on which Annan was born.[16] The last name Annan in Fante means fourth-born child. Annan said that his surname rhymes with "cannon" in English.[17]
From 1954 to 1957, Annan attended the elite Mfantsipim, an all-boys Methodist boarding school in Cape Coast founded in the 1870s. Annan said that the school taught him that "suffering anywhere, concerns people everywhere".[18] In 1957, the year Annan graduated from Mfantsipim, the Gold Coast gained independence from the UK and began using the name "Ghana".
In 1958, Annan began studying economics at the Kumasi College of Science and Technology, now the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology of Ghana. He received a Ford Foundation grant, enabling him to complete his undergraduate studies in economics at Macalester College in Saint Paul, Minnesota, US, in 1961. Annan then completed a diplôme d'études approfondies DEA degree in International Relations at the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies in Geneva, Switzerland, from 1961 to 1962. After some years of work experience, he studied at the MIT Sloan School of Management[19] (1971–72) in the Sloan Fellows program and earned a master's degree in management.
Annan was fluent in English, French, Akan, and some Kru languages as well as other African languages.[20]
Diplomatic career
[edit]
In 1962, Annan started working as a budget officer for the World Health Organization, an agency of the United Nations (UN). From 1974 to 1976, he worked as a manager of the state-owned Ghana Tourist Development Company in Accra. In 1980 he became the head of personnel for the office of the UN High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR) in Geneva. Between 1981 and 1983, he was a member of the Governing Board of the International School of Geneva.[23] In 1983 he became the director of administrative management services of the UN Secretariat in New York. In 1987, Annan was appointed as an assistant secretary-general for Human Resources Management and Security Coordinator for the UN system. In 1990, he became Assistant Secretary-General for Program Planning, Budget and Finance, and Control.
When Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali established the Department of Peacekeeping Operations (DPKO) in 1992, Annan was appointed to the new department as Deputy to then Under-Secretary-General Marrack Goulding. Annan replaced Goulding in March 1993 as Under-Secretary-General of that department after American officials persuaded Boutros-Ghali that Annan was more flexible and more aligned with the role that the Pentagon expected of UN peacekeepers in Somalia.[25] On 29 August 1995, while Boutros-Ghali was unreachable on an aeroplane, Annan instructed United Nations officials to "relinquish for a limited period of time their authority to veto air strikes in Bosnia". This move allowed NATO forces to conduct Operation Deliberate Force and made him a favourite of the United States. According to Richard Holbrooke, Annan's "gutsy performance" convinced the United States that he would be a good replacement for Boutros-Ghali.
He was appointed a special representative of the Secretary-General to the former Yugoslavia, serving from November 1995 to March 1996.[28][29]
Criticism
[edit]
In 2003, retired Canadian general Roméo Dallaire, who was force commander of the United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda (UNAMIR), claimed that Annan was overly passive in his response to the imminent genocide. In his book Shake Hands with the Devil: The Failure of Humanity in Rwanda (2003), Dallaire asserted that Annan held back UN troops from intervening to settle the conflict and from providing more logistical and material support. Dallaire claimed that Annan failed to respond to his repeated faxes asking for access to a weapons depository; such weapons could have helped Dallaire defend the endangered Tutsis. In 2004, ten years after the genocide in which an estimated 800,000 people were killed, Annan said: "I could and should have done more to sound the alarm and rally support."[30]
External videos After Words interview with Annan on Interventions, 9 September 2012, C-SPAN
In his book Interventions: A Life in War and Peace, Annan again argued that the United Nations Department of Peacekeeping Operations could have made better use of the media to raise awareness of the violence in Rwanda and put pressure on governments to provide the troops necessary for an intervention. Annan explained that the events in Somalia and the collapse of the UNOSOM II mission fostered a hesitation among UN member states to approve robust peacekeeping operations. As a result, when the UNAMIR mission was approved just days after the battle, the resulting force lacked the troop levels, resources and mandate to operate effectively.
United Nations Secretary-General (1997–2006)
[edit]
Appointment
[edit]
In 1996, Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali ran unopposed for a second term. Although he won 14 of the 15 votes on the Security Council, he was vetoed by the United States.[32] After four deadlocked meetings of the Security Council, Boutros-Ghali suspended his candidacy, becoming the only secretary-general ever to be denied a second term. Annan was the leading candidate to replace him, beating Amara Essy by one vote in the first round. However, France vetoed Annan four times before finally abstaining. The UN Security Council recommended Annan on 13 December 1996.[33] Confirmed four days later by the vote of the General Assembly,[35] he started his first term as secretary-general on 1 January 1997.
Due to Boutros-Ghali's overthrow, a second Annan term would give Africa the office of Secretary-General for three consecutive terms. In 2001, the Asia-Pacific Group agreed to support Annan for a second term in return for the African Group's support for an Asian secretary-general in the 2006 selection.[36] The Security Council recommended Annan for a second term on 27 June 2001, and the General Assembly approved his reappointment on 29 June 2001.[37]
Activities
[edit]
Recommendations for UN reform
[edit]
Soon after taking office in 1997, Annan released two reports on management reform. On 17 March 1997, the report Management and Organisational Measures (A/51/829) introduced new management mechanisms through the establishment of a cabinet-style body to assist him and the UN's activities in accordance with four core missions. A comprehensive reform agenda was issued on 14 July 1997 titled Renewing the United Nations: A Programme for Reform (A/51/950). Key proposals included the introduction of strategic management to strengthen unity of purpose, the establishment of the position of deputy secretary-general, a 10-per cent reduction in posts, a reduction in administrative costs, the consolidation of the UN at the country level, and reaching out to civil society and the private sector as partners. Annan also proposed to hold a Millennium Summit in 2000.[38] After years of research, Annan presented a progress report, In Larger Freedom, to the UN General Assembly on 21 March 2005. Annan recommended Security Council expansion and a host of other UN reforms.[39]
On 31 January 2006, Annan outlined his vision for a comprehensive and extensive reform of the UN in a policy speech to the United Nations Association UK. The speech, delivered at Central Hall, Westminster, also marked the 60th anniversary of the first meetings of the General Assembly and Security Council.[40]
On 7 March 2006, he presented to the General Assembly his proposals for a fundamental overhaul of the United Nations Secretariat. The reform report is titled Investing in the United Nations, For a Stronger Organization Worldwide.[41]
On 30 March 2006, he presented to the General Assembly his analysis and recommendations for updating the entire work programme of the United Nations Secretariat. The reform report is titled Mandating and Delivering: Analysis and Recommendations to Facilitate the Review of Mandates.[42]
Regarding the UN Human Rights Council, Annan said "declining credibility" had "cast a shadow on the reputation of the United Nations system. Unless we re-make our human rights machinery, we may be unable to renew public confidence in the United Nations itself." He believed that, despite its flaws, the council could do good.[43][44]
In March 2000, Annan appointed the Panel on United Nations Peace Operations to assess the shortcomings of the then existing system and to make specific and realistic recommendations for change. The panel was composed of individuals experienced in conflict prevention, peacekeeping and peacebuilding. The report it produced, which became known as the Brahimi Report, after the chair of the Panel Lakhdar Brahimi, called for "renewed political commitment on the part of Member States, significant institutional change, and increased financial support".[47] The Panel further noted that to be effective, UN peacekeeping operations must be adequately resourced and equipped, and operate under clear, credible and achievable mandates.[47] In a letter transmitting the report to the General Assembly and Security Council, Annan stated that the Panel's recommendations were essential to making the United Nations truly credible as a force for peace.[48] Later that same year, the Security Council adopted several provisions relating to peacekeeping following the report, in Resolution 1327.[49]
Millennium Development Goals
[edit]
In 2000, Annan issued a report titled We the Peoples: the Role of the United Nations in the 21st Century. The report called for member states to "put people at the centre of everything we do": "No calling is more noble, and no responsibility greater, than that of enabling men, women and children, in cities and villages around the world, to make their lives better."[52]: 7
In the final chapter of the report, Annan called to "free our fellow men and women from the abject and dehumanizing poverty in which more than 1 billion of them are currently confined".[52]: 77
At the Millennium Summit in September 2000, national leaders adopted the Millennium Declaration, which the United Nations Secretariat subsequently implemented as the Millennium Development Goals in 2001.
United Nations Information Technology Service
[edit]
Within the We the Peoples document, Annan suggested the establishment of a United Nations Information Technology Service (UNITeS), a consortium of high-tech volunteer corps, including NetCorps Canada and Net Corps America, which United Nations Volunteers (UNV) would coordinate. In the "Report of the high-level panel of experts on information and communication technology",[54] suggesting a UN ICT Task Force, the panel welcomed the establishment of UNITeS. It made suggestions on its configuration and implementation strategy, including that ICT4D volunteering opportunities make mobilising "national human resources" (local ICT experts) within developing countries a priority for both men and women. The initiative was launched at the UNV and was active from February 2001 to February 2005. Initiative staff and volunteers participated in the World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS) in Geneva in December 2003.[55]
United Nations Global Compact
[edit]
In an address to the World Economic Forum on 31 January 1999, Annan argued that the "goals of the United Nations and those of business can, indeed, be mutually supportive" and proposed that the private sector and the United Nations initiate "a global compact of shared values and principles, which will give a human face to the global market".[56]
On 26 July 2000, the United Nations Global Compact was officially launched at UN headquarters in New York. It is a principle-based framework for businesses which aims to "[c]atalyse actions in support of broader UN goals, such as the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)".[57] The Compact established ten core principles in the areas of human rights, labour, the environment and anti-corruption. Under the Compact, companies commit to the ten principles and are brought together with UN agencies, labour groups and civil society to implement them effectively.
Establishment of The Global Fund
[edit]
Towards the end of the 1990s, increased awareness of the destructive potential of epidemics such as HIV/AIDS pushed public health issues to the top of the global development agenda. In April 2001, Annan issued a five-point "Call to Action" to address the HIV/AIDS pandemic. Stating it was a "personal priority", Annan proposed the establishment of a Global AIDS and Health Fund, "dedicated to the battle against HIV/AIDS and other infectious diseases",[58] to stimulate the increased international spending needed to help developing countries confront the HIV/AIDS crisis. In June of that year, the General Assembly of the United Nations committed to creating such a fund during a special session on AIDS,[59] and the permanent secretariat of the Global Fund was subsequently established in January 2002.
Responsibility to Protect
[edit]
Following the failure of Annan and the international community to intervene in the genocide in Rwanda and in Srebrenica, Annan asked whether the international community had an obligation in such situations to intervene to protect civilian populations. In a speech to the General Assembly on 20 September 1999, "to address the prospects for human security and intervention in the next century",[61] Annan argued that individual sovereignty—the protections afforded by the Declaration of Human Rights and the Charter of the UN—was being strengthened, while the notion of state sovereignty was being redefined by globalisation and international co-operation. As a result, the UN and its member states had to consider a willingness to act to prevent conflict and civilian suffering, a dilemma between "two concepts of sovereignty" that Annan also presented in a preceding article in The Economist on 16 September 1999.[63]
In the March 2000 Millennium Report to the UN, Annan asked: "If humanitarian intervention is, indeed, an unacceptable assault on sovereignty, how should we respond to a Rwanda, to a Srebrenica – to gross and systematic violations of human rights that affect every precept of our common humanity?"[64]
In September 2001, the Canadian government established an ad hoc committee to address this balance between state sovereignty and humanitarian intervention. The International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty published its final report in 2001, which focused not on the right of states to intervene but on a responsibility to protect populations at risk. The report moved beyond military intervention, arguing that various diplomatic and humanitarian actions could also be utilised to protect civilian populations.[65]
In 2005, Annan included the doctrine of "Responsibility to Protect" (RtoP) in his report In Larger Freedom.[65] When the UN General Assembly endorsed that report, it amounted to the first formal endorsement by UN member states of the doctrine of RtoP.[66]
Iraq
[edit]
In the years after 1998, when UNSCOM was expelled by the government of Saddam Hussein, and during the Iraq disarmament crisis, in which the United States blamed UNSCOM and former IAEA director Hans Blix for failing to disarm Iraq properly, former UNSCOM chief weapons inspector Scott Ritter blamed Annan for being slow and ineffective in enforcing Security Council resolutions on Iraq and being overtly submissive to the demands of the Clinton administration for regime removal and inspection of sites, often presidential palaces, that were not mandated in any resolution and were of questionable intelligence value, severely hampering UNSCOM's ability to co-operate with the Iraqi government and contributing to their expulsion from the country.[67][68] Ritter also claimed that Annan regularly interfered with the work of the inspectors and diluted the chain of command by trying to micromanage all of the activities of UNSCOM, which caused intelligence processing (and the resulting inspections) to be backed up and caused confusion with the Iraqis as to who was in charge and as a result, they generally refused to take orders from Ritter or Rolf Ekéus without explicit approval from Annan, which could have taken days, if not weeks. He later believed Annan was oblivious that the Iraqis took advantage of this to delay inspections. He claimed that on one occasion, Annan refused to implement a no-notice inspection of the Iraqi Special Security Organization (SSO) headquarters and instead tried to negotiate access. Still, the negotiation took nearly six weeks, giving the Iraqis more than enough time to clean the site.[69]
During the build-up to the 2003 invasion of Iraq, Annan called on the United States and the United Kingdom not to invade without the support of the United Nations. In a September 2004 interview on the BBC, when questioned about the legal authority for the invasion, Annan said he believed it was not in conformity with the UN charter and was illegal.[70][71]
Other diplomatic activities
[edit]
In 1998, Annan was deeply involved in supporting the transition from military to civilian rule in Nigeria. The following year, he supported the efforts of East Timor to secure independence from Indonesia. In 2000, he was responsible for certifying Israel's withdrawal from Lebanon, and in 2006, he led talks in New York between the presidents of Cameroon and Nigeria, which led to a settlement of the dispute between the two countries over the Bakassi peninsula.[72]
Annan and Iranian president Mahmoud Ahmadinejad disagreed sharply on Iran's nuclear program, on an Iranian exhibition of cartoons mocking the Holocaust, and on the then-upcoming International Conference to Review the Global Vision of the Holocaust, an Iranian Holocaust denial conference in 2006.[73] During a visit to Iran instigated by continued Iranian uranium enrichment, Annan said: "I think the tragedy of the Holocaust is an undeniable historical fact and we should really accept that fact and teach people what happened in World War II and ensure it is never repeated".[73]
Annan supported sending a UN peacekeeping mission to Darfur, Sudan.[74] He worked with the government of Sudan to accept a transfer of power from the African Union peacekeeping mission to a UN one.[75] Annan also worked with several Arab and Muslim countries on women's rights and other topics.[76]
Beginning in 1998, Annan convened an annual UN "Security Council Retreat" with the 15 states' council representatives. It was held at the Rockefeller Brothers Fund (RBF) Conference Center at the Rockefeller family estate in Pocantico Hills, New York, and was sponsored by both the RBF and the UN.[77]
Lubbers sexual-harassment investigation
[edit]
In June 2004, Annan was given a copy of the Office of Internal Oversight Services (OIOS) report on the complaint brought by four female workers against Ruud Lubbers, UN High Commissioner for Refugees, for sexual harassment, abuse of authority, and retaliation. The report also reviewed a long-serving staff member's allegations of sexual harassment and misconduct against Werner Blatter, director of UNHCR personnel. The investigation found Lubbers guilty of sexual harassment; no mention was made publicly of the other charge against a senior official or two subsequent complaints filed later that year. During the official investigation, Lubbers wrote a letter which some considered a threat to the female worker who had brought the charges.[78] On 15 July 2004, Annan cleared Lubbers of the accusations, saying they were not substantial enough legally.[79] The internal UN–OIOS report on Lubbers was leaked, and sections accompanied by an article by Kate Holt were published in a British newspaper. In February 2005, Lubbers resigned as head of the UN refugee agency, saying he wanted to relieve political pressure on Annan.[80]
Oil-for-Food scandal
[edit]
In December 2004, reports surfaced that the Secretary-General's son Kojo Annan received payments from the Swiss company Cotecna Inspection SA, which had won a lucrative contract under the UN Oil-for-Food Programme. Kofi Annan called for an investigation to look into the allegations.[81] On 11 November 2005, The Sunday Times agreed to apologise and pay a substantial sum in damages to Kojo Annan, accepting that the allegations were untrue.[82]
Annan appointed the Independent Inquiry Committee,[83] which was led by former US Federal Reserve chairman Paul Volcker,[84] then the director of the United Nations Association of the US. In his first interview with the Inquiry Committee, Annan denied meeting with Cotecna. Later in the inquiry, he recalled having met with Cotecna's chief executive Elie-Georges Massey twice. In a final report issued on 27 October, the committee found insufficient evidence to indict Annan on any illegal actions but did find fault with Benon Sevan, an Armenian-Cypriot national who had worked for the UN for about 40 years. Appointed by Annan to the Oil-For-Food role, Sevan repeatedly asked Iraqis for allocations of oil to the African Middle East Petroleum Company. Sevan's behaviour was "ethically improper", Volcker said to reporters. Sevan repeatedly denied the charges and argued that he was being made a "scapegoat".[85] The Volcker report was highly critical of the UN management structure and the Security Council oversight. It strongly recommended a new chief operating officer (COO) position to handle the fiscal and administrative responsibilities then under the Secretary-General's office. The report listed the Western and Middle Eastern companies that had benefited illegally from the program.[84]
Nobel Peace Prize
[edit]
In 2001, its centennial year, the Nobel Committee decided that the Peace Prize was to be divided between the UN and Annan. They were awarded the Peace Prize "for their work for a better organized and more peaceful world",[4] having revitalised the UN and prioritised human rights. The Nobel Committee also recognised his commitment to the struggle to contain the spread of HIV in Africa and his declared opposition to international terrorism.[86]
Soon after Annan was awarded the Peace Prize, he was given a chieftaincy title by the Asantehene of Asanteman. The honour was conferred upon him for his "[selfless] contributions to humanity and promotion of peace throughout the world".[87]
Relations between the United States and the UN
[edit]
Annan defended his deputy secretary-general Mark Malloch Brown,[88] who openly criticised the United States in a speech on 6 June 2006: "[T]he prevailing practice of seeking to use the UN almost by stealth as a diplomatic tool while failing to stand up for it against its domestic critics is simply not sustainable. You will lose the UN one way or another. [...] [That] the US is constructively engaged with the UN [...] is not well known or understood, in part because much of the public discourse that reaches the US heartland has been largely abandoned to its loudest detractors such as Rush Limbaugh and Fox News."[89] Malloch later said his talk was a "sincere and constructive critique of U.S. policy toward the U.N. by a friend and admirer".[90]
The talk was unusual because it violated the unofficial policy of not having top officials publicly criticise member nations.[90] The interim US ambassador John Bolton, appointed by President George W. Bush, was reported to have told Annan on the phone: "I've known you since 1989 and I'm telling you this is the worst mistake by a senior UN official that I have seen in that entire time."[90] Observers from other nations supported Malloch's view that conservative politicians in the US prevented many citizens from understanding the benefits of US involvement in the UN.[91]
Farewell addresses
[edit]
External videos Farewell Address by Kofi Annan, 11 December 2006, C-SPAN
On 19 September 2006, Annan gave a farewell address to world leaders gathered at the UN headquarters in New York in anticipation of his retirement on 31 December. In the speech, he outlined three major problems of "an unjust world economy, world disorder, and widespread contempt for human rights and the rule of law", which he believed "have not resolved, but sharpened" during his time as secretary-general. He also pointed to violence in Africa and the Arab–Israeli conflict as two major issues warranting attention.[92]
On 11 December 2006, in his final speech as secretary-general, delivered at the Harry S. Truman Presidential Library in Independence, Missouri, Annan recalled President Truman's leadership in the founding of the United Nations. He called for the United States to return to Truman's multilateralist foreign policies and to follow Truman's doctrine that "the responsibility of the great states is to serve and not dominate the peoples of the world". He also said that the United States must maintain its commitment to human rights, "including in the struggle against terrorism".[93][94]
Post-UN career
[edit]
After he served as UN secretary-general, Annan took up residence in Geneva and worked in a leading capacity on various international humanitarian endeavours.[95]
Kofi Annan Foundation
[edit]
Main article: Kofi Annan Foundation
In 2007, Annan established the Kofi Annan Foundation, an independent, not-for-profit organisation that "works to promote better global governance and strengthen the capacities of people and countries to achieve a fairer, more secure world".[96][97]
The organisation was founded on the principles that fair and peaceful societies rest on three pillars: peace and security, sustainable development, and human rights and the rule of law, and they have made it their mission to mobilise the leadership and the political resolve needed to tackle threats to these three pillars ranging from violent conflict to flawed elections and climate change, to achieve "a fairer, more peaceful world".[97]
The Foundation provides the analytical, communication and co-ordination capacities needed to ensure that these objectives are achieved.[promotion?] Annan's contribution to peace worldwide is delivered through mediation, political mentoring, advocacy and advice.[promotion?] Through his engagement, Annan aimed to strengthen local and international conflict resolution capabilities. The Foundation provides the analytical and logistical support to facilitate this in cooperation with relevant local, regional and international actors.[98] The Foundation works mainly through private diplomacy, where Annan provided informal counsel and participated in discreet diplomatic initiatives to avert or resolve crises by applying his experience and inspirational leadership.[peacock prose] He was often asked to intercede in crises, sometimes as an impartial, independent mediator, sometimes as a special envoy of the international community. In recent years[timeframe?] he had provided such counsel to Burkina Faso, Kenya, Myanmar, Senegal, Iraq and Colombia.[99]
Kenya National Dialogue and Reconciliation Process
[edit]
Following the outbreak of violence after the 2007 presidential elections in Kenya, the African Union (AU) established the Panel of Eminent African Personalities to assist in finding a peaceful solution to the crisis.[100] Annan was appointed as chair of the panel, to lead it with Benjamin Mkapa, former president of Tanzania; and humanitarian Graça Machel, the former first lady of Mozambique and South Africa.[101]
The panel managed to convince the two principal parties to the conflict, Kenyan president Mwai Kibaki's Party of National Unity (PNU) and Raila Odinga's Orange Democratic Movement (ODM), to participate in the Kenya National Dialogue and Reconciliation Process (KNDR).[100] Over the course of 41 days of negotiations, several agreements regarding taking actions to stop the violence and to remedy its consequences were signed. On 28 February, President Kibaki and Prime Minister Odinga signed a coalition government agreement.[102][103]
Joint Special Envoy for Syria
[edit]
On 23 February 2012, Annan was appointed as the UN and Arab League joint special envoy to Syria in an attempt to end the civil war taking place.[8] He developed a six-point plan for peace:[104]
commit to work with the Envoy in an inclusive Syrian-led political process to address the legitimate aspirations and concerns of the Syrian people, and, to this end, commit to appoint an empowered interlocutor when invited to do so by the Envoy;
commit to stop the fighting and achieve urgently an effective United Nations supervised cessation of armed violence in all its forms by all parties to protect civilians and stabilise the country.
To this end, the Syrian government should immediately cease troop movements towards, and end the use of heavy weapons in, population centres, and begin pullback of military concentrations in and around population centres.
As these actions are being taken on the ground, the Syrian government should work with the Envoy to bring about a sustained cessation of armed violence in all its forms by all parties with an effective United Nations supervision mechanism.
Similar commitments would be sought by the Envoy from the opposition and all relevant elements to stop the fighting and work with him to bring about a sustained cessation of armed violence in all its forms by all parties with an effective United Nations supervision mechanism;
ensure timely provision of humanitarian assistance to all areas affected by the fighting, and to this end, as immediate steps, to accept and implement a daily two-hour humanitarian pause and to coordinate exact time and modalities of the daily pause through an efficient mechanism, including at local level;
intensify the pace and scale of release of arbitrarily detained persons, including especially vulnerable categories of persons, and persons involved in peaceful political activities, provide without delay through appropriate channels a list of all places in which such persons are being detained, immediately begin organizing access to such locations and through appropriate channels respond promptly to all written requests for information, access or release regarding such persons;
ensure freedom of movement throughout the country for journalists and a non-discriminatory visa policy for them;
respect freedom of association and the right to demonstrate peacefully as legally guaranteed.
On 2 August, he resigned as envoy to Syria,[105] citing the intransigence of both the Assad government and the rebels, as well as the stalemate on the Security Council as preventing any peaceful resolution of the situation.[106] Annan also stated that the lack of international unity and ineffective diplomacy among world leaders had made the peaceful resolution in Syria an impossible task.[107]
Global Commission on Elections, Democracy and Security
[edit]
Annan served as the chair of the Global Commission on Elections, Democracy and Security.[108] The commission was launched in May 2011 as a joint initiative of the Kofi Annan Foundation and the International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance. It comprised 12 eminent individuals from around the world, including Ernesto Zedillo, Martti Ahtisaari, Madeleine Albright and Amartya Sen, and aimed to highlight the importance of the integrity of elections to achieving a more secure, prosperous and stable world. The Commission released its final report, Deepening Democracy, a Strategy to Improve the Integrity of Elections Worldwide,[109] in September 2012.
Rakhine Commission (Myanmar)
[edit]
In September 2016, Annan was asked to lead the Advisory Commission on Rakhine State, Myanmar,[110][111][112][113] an impoverished region beset by ethnic conflict and extreme sectarian violence, particularly by Myanmar's Buddhist majority against the Rohingya Muslim minority, further targeted by government forces.[114][115][116][117] The commission, widely known simply as the "Annan Commission", was opposed by many Myanmar Buddhists as unwelcome interference in their relations with the Rohingya.[110]
When the Annan Commission released its final report,[112] the week of 24 August 2017, with recommendations unpopular with all sides, violence exploded in the Rohingya conflict – the largest and bloodiest humanitarian disaster in the region in decades – driving most of the Rohingya from Myanmar.[117][116][118] Annan attempted to engage the United Nations to resolve the matter,[119] but failed.
Annan died a week before the first anniversary of the report, shortly after an announcement by a replacement commission that it would not "point fingers" at the guilty parties – leading to widespread concern that the new commission was just a sham to protect culpable Myanmar government officials and citizens from accountability.[113][120][118][121]
In 2018, before Annan's death, Myanmar's civilian government, under the direction of State Counsellor Aung San Suu Kyi, made a gesture of acceptance of the Annan commission's recommendations by convening another board – the advisory board for the Committee for Implementation of the Recommendations on Rakhine State – ostensibly to implement the Annan commission's proposed reforms, but never actually implemented them. Some of the international representatives resigned – notably the panel's secretary, Thailand's former foreign minister Surakiart Sathirathai, and former US ambassador to the UN Bill Richardson – decrying the "implementation" committee as ineffective, or a "whitewash".[111][122]
Other activities
[edit]
Corporate boards
[edit]
In March 2011,[123] Annan became a member of the advisory board for Investcorp Bank B. S. C.[124] Europe,[125] an international private equity firm and sovereign wealth fund owned by the United Arab Emirates. He held the position until 2018.
Annan became a member of the Global Advisory Board of Macro Advisory Partners LLP, a risk and strategic consulting firm based in London and New York City for business, finance and government decision-makers, with some operations related to Investcorp.[126]
Non-profit organisations
[edit]
In addition to the above, Annan also became involved with several organisations with both global and African focuses, including the following:
United Nations Foundation, member of the board of directors (2008–2018)[127]
University of Ghana, chancellor (2008–2018)[128]
School of International and Public Affairs of Columbia University, global fellow (2009–2018)[129]
The Committee on Global Thought at Columbia University, fellow[130]
Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy at the National University of Singapore (NUS), Li Ka Shing Professor (2009–2018)[131]
Global Centre for Pluralism, member of the board of directors (2010–2018)[132][133]
Mo Ibrahim Prize for Achievement in African Leadership, chairman of the prize committee (2007–2018)[134]
Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa (AGRA), chairman (2007–2018)[135]
Global Humanitarian Forum, founder and president (2007–2018)[136]
Global Commission on Drug Policy, founding commissioner. The commission had declared in a 2011 report that the war on drugs was a failure. Annan believed that, since drug use represents a health risk, it should be regulated, comparing it to the regulation of tobacco which reduced smoking in many countries.
Annan served as chair of The Elders, a group of independent global leaders who work together on peace and human rights issues.[140][141] In November 2008, Annan and fellow elders Jimmy Carter and Graça Machel attempted to travel to Zimbabwe to make a first-hand assessment of the humanitarian situation in the country. Refused entry, the Elders instead carried out their assessment from Johannesburg, where they met Zimbabwe- and South Africa-based leaders from politics, business, international organisations, and civil society.[142] In May 2011, following months of political violence in Côte d'Ivoire, Annan travelled to the country with elders Desmond Tutu and Mary Robinson to encourage national reconciliation.[143] On 16 October 2014, Annan attended the One Young World Summit in Dublin. During a session with fellow elder Mary Robinson, Annan encouraged 1,300 young leaders from 191 countries to lead on intergenerational issues such as climate change and the need for action to take place now, not tomorrow:[144][145]
We don't have to wait to act. The action must be now. You will come across people who think we should start tomorrow. Even for those who believe action should begin tomorrow, remind them tomorrow begins now, tomorrow begins today, so let's all move forward.[146]
Annan chaired the Africa Progress Panel (APP), a group of ten distinguished individuals who advocate at the highest levels for equitable and sustainable development in Africa. As chair, he facilitated coalition building to leverage and broker knowledge, in addition to convening decision-makers to influence policy and create lasting change in Africa.[promotion?] Every year, the Panel releases a report, the Africa Progress Report,[147] which outlines an issue of immediate importance to the continent and suggests a set of associated policies. In 2014, the Report highlighted the potential of African fisheries, agriculture, and forests to drive economic development.[148] The 2015 report explores the role of climate change and the potential of renewable energy investments in determining Africa's economic future.[149]
Prioritisation of snakebite in the WHO
Kofi Annan played a pivotal role in getting a WHO resolution on halving the burden of snakebite in late 2020's. [150]
Memoir
[edit]
On 4 September 2012, Annan with Nader Mousavizadeh wrote a memoir, Interventions: A Life in War and Peace.[151] Published by Penguin Press, the book has been described as a "personal biography of global statecraft".[152]
Personal life
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In 1965, Annan married Titi Alakija, a Nigerian woman from an aristocratic family. Several years later, they had a daughter, Ama, and a son, Kojo. The couple separated in the late 1970s,[153] and divorced in 1983.[13]
In 1984, Annan married Nane Lagergren [sv], a Swedish lawyer at the UN and a maternal half-niece of diplomat Raoul Wallenberg. She has a daughter, Nina, from a previous marriage.
In 2002, Annan was enstooled by Otumfuo Nana Osei Tutu II, the Asantehene of Asanteman, as the Busumuru of the Ashanti people - a Ghanaian chief. He was the first person to hold this title.[156][157]
Death and state funeral
[edit]
Annan died on the morning of 18 August 2018 in Bern, Switzerland, at the age of 80, after a short illness.[158][159] António Guterres, the UN secretary-general, said that Annan was "a global champion for peace" and "a guiding force for good".[160][158] Malaysian Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad also said he is saddened by the death of Annan.[161] His body was returned to his native Ghana from Geneva in a brief and solemn ceremony at the Kotoka International Airport in Accra, on 10 September.[162] His coffin, draped in the blue UN flag, was accompanied by his widow Nane, his children and senior diplomats from the international organisation.[162][163]
On 13 September, a state funeral was held for Annan in Ghana at the Accra International Conference Centre.[164] The ceremony was attended by several political leaders from across Africa as well as Ghanaian traditional rulers, European royalty and dignitaries from the international community, including the UN secretary-general António Guterres.[165] Prior to the funeral service, his body lay in state in the foyer of the same venue, from 11 to 12 September.[166] A private burial followed the funeral service at the new Military Cemetery at Burma Camp, with full military honours and the sounding of the Last Post by army buglers and a 17-gun salute.[167][168][169][170]
Memorials and legacy
[edit]
The United Nations Postal Administration released a new stamp in memory of Annan on 31 May 2019.[171] His portrait on the stamp was designed by artist Martin Mörck.[171] The Kofi Annan International Peacekeeping Training Centre and the Ghana-India Kofi Annan Centre of Excellence in ICT, both in Accra, are named in his honour. The Kofi Annan University of Guinea is named after him.[citation needed]
See also
[edit]
List of black Nobel laureates
References
[edit]
Citations
[edit]
Bibliography
[edit]
Further reading
[edit]
Kofi Annan Foundation
Kofi Annan papers Archived 4 October 2018 at the Wayback Machine at the United Nations Archives
Kofi Annan on Nobelprize.org (including Nobel Lecture, 10 December 2001)
Speeches
Statements of Secretary-General Kofi Annan at the Wayback Machine (archived 7 July 2004)
Nobel Peace Prize lecture Archived 12 April 2023 at the Wayback Machine
Lectures
The MacArthur Award for International Justice, 2008 Archived 8 May 2014 at the Wayback Machine in the Lecture Series of the United Nations Audiovisual Library of International Law Archived 12 November 2006 at the Wayback Machine | ||||||
7733 | dbpedia | 0 | 9 | https://www.laits.utexas.edu/africa/ads/1587.html | en | No.1587: Kofi Anan on African Leadership | [] | [] | [] | [
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] | null | [] | null | null | KOFI ANNAN: 'I AM SADDENED BY THE LEADERSHIP I SEE IN AFRICA'
(Interview with "The Guardian")
The simplicity of his wood-panelled offices on the 38th floor of the UN Headquarters in New York gave no hints of the importance of the man. Kofi Annan: the seventh Secretary-General of the United Nations, the second African, and the first black African to head this global institution, and the first man to be appointed into that office from the ranks of UN staff.
First appointed UN Secretary-General in January 1997, Kofi Annan, a twin and father of three, has had a most remarkable career as an international civil servant. He joined the UN in 1962, and for about 30 years, he held senior positions in various sections of the UN: the World Health Organisation, the UN High Commission for Refugees, and the UN Headquarters in New York where he handled assignments involving human resources management, budget and finance, and peacekeeping.
A Ghanaian of Akan extraction, Mr Annan is an international statesman and an icon for black professionals all over the world for whom he is both role model and source of inspiration. He has been described as "the best Secretary General of the UN ever". He has also been strongly criticised by those who are opposed to his management methods and reform agenda. But no one can doubt Kofi Annan's commitment.
He is a major apostle for peace and stability in the world. He carries a high banner for the ideals for which the United Nations was founded 61 years ago. He has brought the United Nations the centrality it deserves in world affairs at a time of momentous changes and challenges. He is famous for his forthrightness and outspokenness. In 2001 he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize, jointly with the United Nations "for their work for a better organised and more peaceful world". A year later, Annan was unanimously re-appointed by UN member states for a second five-year term which would end on December 31, 2006.
After a few moments in his waiting room, we were ushered into a conference room. There he was, already waiting. He stretched out his hands to welcome the team from The Guardian. His tone was friendly. There were no airs around him. He posed for photographs with us. "Gentlemen, how do we sit?" He answered this question himself: "Okay, I think we should sit around the table". With the same ease and practised charm and warmth with which Annan handles complex world affairs: Iraq, Iran, Darfur, etc, he signalled the beginning of an encounter that would last for close to an hour. He was calm, measured in his tone, and meditative. Here was a man who was sure of his subject. He could not be swayed to say what he did not want to say. He chose his words, and responded with great care.
Born on Friday, April 8, 1938, Mr Annan studied for a degree in Economics at the Kumasi College of Science and Technology, now the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology of Ghana. He later completed his undergraduate studies in 1961 at the Macalester College in St. Paul, Minnesota, United States as a Ford Foundation scholar. Between 1961 and 1962, he studied for and obtained a postgraduate certificate in Economics at the Institut Universitaire des hautes etudes internationales (IUHEI) in Geneva, Switzerland. He later attended the MIT Sloan School of Management from 1971 -1972 as a Sloan Fellow receiving a Master of Science degree in Management. For two years, 1974 -76, he left the UN to take up appointment as Managing Director of the Ghana Tourist Development Company.
He returned to the United Nations in 1976 as an Assistant Secretary-General. Before becoming Secretary-General, Mr Annan was involved in some of the major events of the 90s including the repatriation of international staff and citizens of Western countries from Iraq after the Kuwaiti invasion, the oil for food programme in Baghdad, and the crisis in former Yugoslavia. His engagement with international affairs has been no less robust since his emergence as UN Secretary-General involving such challenges as the transition to civilian rule in Nigeria, the stalemate between Libya and the Security Council, violence in East Timor, Israel's withdrawal from Lebanon, the "land for peace" negotiations between Israelis and Palestinians, crises in Central Africa and Sudan, etc.
Mr Annan's biggest achievement so far perhaps has been his resolve "to bring the UN closer to the people". In 1999, he had remarked instructively: "More than ever before in human history, we share a common destiny. We can master it only if we face it together. And that my friends, is why we have the United Nations". Through partnerships with civil society and the private sector and the deft use of diplomacy, Annan has given life to this declaration. Under his watch, the focus of the UN has been directed towards core people issues: the need to end poverty and inequality, protect the environment, reduce the spread of HIV/AIDS, improve access to education and quality human life, promote humanitarian intervention to safeguard human rights, the rule of law and international peace and security. Annan has also been passionate about comprehensive reform within the UN to transform it into a stronger and more efficient organisation for the 21st Century.
These and other issues, with particular accent on African affairs, formed the substance of The Guardian interview with the UN Secretary-General. He had another appointment to keep in an adjoining room. But as his interviewers kept pushing for an extra question and minute, Annan did not betray any sign of irritation, even as his staff kept opening and shutting the door from outside, a signal obviously that other guests were waiting... The interview soon came to an end. The Secretary-General, who speaks French, English, Fante, and other African languages, stretched out his hands and spoke Yoruba: "E se. E seun". (Thanks. Thank you). The Guardian team in New York led by Eluem Emeka Izeze, Managing Director/Editor-in-Chief, included Dr. Reuben Abati, Chairman, Editorial Board, Laolu Akande, North America Bureau Chief and Debo Adesina, Editor and Deputy Editor-in-Chief. Text of the interview follows:
We came this way because we think it's important that we talk with you and we are glad you gave us audience. Let me begin by asking that as the first Secretary-General from the UN system, would you say that it has served you well and served the organisation well, or are there some down sides ... you don't get to talk about such things too often?
Let me say that coming from the system, I knew it well and it was fortunate that I knew the system. When I was appointed, because I was appointed on the 13th of December, I had less than two weeks to take over. If I had come completely from the outside, it would have been extremely difficult and I hope this would not happen to my successor. And I think the knowledge that I had of the organisation was extremely helpful.
It also meant that I needed to reach out beyond the organisation to establish relations and contacts not just with the Heads of States and Governments, some of them I knew in my capacity as head of the (UN Department of) Peace Keeping Operations. But I took an early decision to also reach out to civil society, the private sector, universities and foundations and really made the UN what it ought to be: the UN of "We the peoples" and the peoples are out there in the world, not in this building.
So, really, we took steps to broaden the constituency. But my understanding of the knowledge and relationship with agency heads and some people who were already a major part of the UN were helpful and I also knew the nature of the programmes.
You didn't see any drawback in any aspectŠ?
Not really. Some believe that because you come from the system, it is sometimes difficult to handle personnel matters. You can not fire people that you have known for quite some time; you can't be as hard on them as you have been and there is no blood on the floor. There are people who believe that in management, if there is no blood on the floor, then you haven't done enough.
Yet when you look around, in most organisations, in most civil service, it doesn't work that way. Even in the private sector, where the Chief Executive has incredible autonomy compared to that of the Secretary General, with a small board and a very focused objective in maximising the profits for shareholders, even there, you don't always see it that way, where you abandon your 191 member-states, more or less your board, and each one of them has their ideas of what you should be doing or should not be doing.
Do you expect your successor to be an insider also?
Most of the candidates who have emerged are from outside the organisation and if the trend continues it is definitely going to be an outsider. And as your colleague indicated, I have been the exception to have come from inside.
How do you think that your tenure and that of Dr. Boutrous Boutrous Ghali enhanced the image of the African diplomat?
I think both of us were Africans and had Africa as our base, but we were also Secretary-Generals for the other regions and the entire world. I think it was important for the Africans to see one of their own running this global organisation and helping resolve issues not just in Africa but around the world. What I have also tried to do is to expand the traditional focus of the job which had tended to focus on political issues, conflict resolutions. I have pushed into poverty alleviation, the fight against HIV/AIDS, environmental degradation, and in fact what was exciting at the last World Summit in September, is that the world leaders walked away with a broadened definition of what constitutes threat.
Because until then when we talk about threats all of us think of war, civil war, or war between states. But they accepted that the conflicts we face in the world today include poverty, infectious diseases, environmental degradation, internationally organised crime, weapons of mass destruction, terrorism and of course depending on where you live, your perception of threat is quite different. You live here in New York?
Yes...
So, when you talk to most New Yorkers, because of what we hear on television and read in the news, they will tell you terrorism. But when you go over to East Africa they will tell you poverty and starvation. If I go to a small island state, I will be told environmental degradation; my island is being washed away. And all of these issues must be of concern to us. Each region has to be concerned about the problems of others, for them to be sensitive to their problems.
How do you see your role as the most powerful African on the world stage? Do you see it as a burden or advantage? What really does power mean to you?
I was going to say I'm not sure I would use the word power to describe my situation ...
(General laughter)
Because as you know, I have no armies, no police forces to stand by. Basically I have to use the power of reasoning, persuasion and diplomacy to get things done. But I do have the capacity to reach out to almost every leader in the world and on any continent, to discuss issues with them. And I am also dealing with issues which cut across... whether it is Avian Flu or HIV/AIDS; these issues cut across continents and regions.
What is important is that as a Secretary-General that is African, I am able to interact effectively and competently with all the other leaders around the world. We understand and respect each other, which is an important thing. And I think it is important for the continent also to know that one of their own is in this position and operating on the world stage.
How would you assess Africa in relation to the Millennium Development Goals and our peculiar circumstances? Do those circumstances pose a difficulty to you in terms of your assertiveness?
Africa has some unique problems, which we need to pay attention to. When you look at the implementation of the Millennium Development Goals, there are some countries that will meet all of the goals by the target date 2015. In fact, to those who are accelerating and are able to meet it before that date, my advice to them is, 'don't sit on your laurels. If you achieve it, aim for Millennium Development plus; when you achieve primary education for all, aim too for secondary school education.'
The difficulty we have in Africa that is holding us back, is first of all we have these conflicts, which really have done a lot of damage to the continent. When you look at the Great Lakes region and the war that has been raging, I was in Congo recently; we are trying to organise the first elections ever, in forty-five years. Many in their forties would never have had the chance to vote. But, without infrastructure, there are many hazards, and of course a country of that size when it is in distress, it has impact on all the neighbouring countries.
Today we are looking at Darfur, in Sudan; we were all excited when we resolved the North/South conflict and they signed the Naivasha peace agreement (in Kenya). The Darfur conflict today is also extending beyond Sudan. It has affected Chad and Central African Republic and we are quite anxious to work with the leaders in the region to make sure that it does not become a regional crisis.
And here I have often had the chance to say that African leaders and Africans should back away from the position that we don't interfere in each other's affairs. Because some of these issues, such conflicts that we are talking about, hardly ever remain internal for long. They create problems for neighbours; they throw up refugees who cross borders; they bring guns to the region; criminality goes up, and this is why I have been encouraging all, whether it is ECOWAS or the SADC organisations, sometimes getting involved in these conflicts, trying to help their neighbours. And it is also in their own self-interest to help.
So, we need to resolve all these conflicts to be able to focus on the essential work of economic and social development. We need to improve governance and strengthen institutions to be able to really benefit from the implementation of the Millennium Development Goals and the Development Assistance that is being offered. As part of a build up to the last Summit in September, we managed to get pledges from the G8 and donor countries, indicating that they will increase the developmental assistance by $50 billion by 2015, with $25 billion reserved for Africa. We should be able to organise and structure ourselves in such a way that we take advantage effectively of this issue.
Not many African countries will meet the Millennium Development Goals in the target date, at the rate we are going now. Unless we accelerate and intensify our efforts not only on the continent but also with the support that we are going to get from the donor communities, we would not meet the Millennium Development Goals.
Do you feel embarrassed by the failure of leadership in Africa?
I am often saddened by the leadership situation I see in Africa and also pained for the situation that sometimes, the populations are placed in because of errors of leaders. I think I was the first to go to the OAU summit to say that they should not encourage people who come to power through the barrel of the gun and they should not welcome in their midst with open arms and smiles people who have taken up power through a coup d'etat.
At that time, quite a lot of people were surprised and shocked; you remember that incident?
Yes...
But several years later, they took the decision that they would not welcome them into their midst. And that also implies that we need to play by the rules. We need to accept and respect the constitution, we need to accept electoral laws, we need to accept the results of elections and we should not tamper with the constitution to perpetuate our rule.
What worries me is that, if this trend continues where leaders are able to change the constitution... the constitution is never written for an individual, it is written for a nation and must stand the test of time... if you change (it) to suit individuals and they extend their mandate in office, we may face the situation where the soldiers who are now in barracks will come back and say, since we cannot go through change in the normal democratic way, this may be the only way to do it. We don't want that.
Latin America has been able to transform itself, all their generals are back in their barracks. We in Africa are doing it and we should do everything not to reverse this trend.
But what do you suggest should be done? I mean, if African leaders are carrying on with this same enterprise, it is becoming like a wild fire on the continent?
First of all, when I talked of the earlier change, the earlier change came about because the people were also aware. The civil society and everybody got involved and the soldiers realised that they were no longer welcome. And I suspect we will go through the same phenomenon on this issue of constitutional change; constitutional change not necessary for the interest of the state, but for the benefit of the man, or leader in power.
If we can make the issue a bit more specific. At this point, constitution amendment is a big issue in Nigeria, and President Obasanjo is right at the centre of it. Have you ever had cause to discuss this matter with him?
(Pause) This is an issue I have discussed with many, many leaders, within Africa and outside Africa, and my position on this is quite well known.
Okay, we take your comments as diplomatic as you have always been. Well, Secretary-General, do you think the UN response and the response of the world to crises in Africa, especially with regards to Rwanda and now Darfur, signifies a certain fatigue? Is this qualitative enough or merely tokenistic?
Let me put it this way, when you talk of the UN, you are not talking of the civil servants or this building. You are talking of countries, yours and mine, big and small, powerful and weak. And in all these crises and crisis situations, where there has been a political will on the part of the countries, a lot can be done.
Often, through the UN or sometimes, we have heard of 'coalitions of the willing' going on outside of the UN to take action. I think what happened in Rwanda was one of the tragic events in my own lifetime and in a way, Rwanda became a victim of Somalia. You would recall that we were pulling out of Somalia after the US troops were killed there. So, we were withdrawing from Somalia while Rwanda was going on and so the member states didn't have any appetite to intervene. Some said they did not know, and I asked them, what did they do when they found out? They sent planes to Kigali pick up their nationals and fly them out, while the killing was going on.
We have a situation in Darfur, where, for the moment, the African Union troops are in. They have done their best against the odds, with the limitations in terms of logistics and resources and they have taken a decision that in principle, they will want to hand over, transition to the UN. And if the UN were to go in, we are not going to start from scratch, we will build on the African Forces which are on ground. Some of them will stay with them; we may not be able to keep all of them. They will be reinforced with others and obviously we need to come in with much better logistical support.
I have indicated that if that were to happen, we will have to put in a Force that is not only robust but is highly mobile in the air and on the ground. Because it is such a huge territory that they are not going to be able to cover it and they are not going to have that many troops to spread throughout the territory. So, we have to make up with mobility and speed and be able to respond if there is an SOS, before the damage is done and not after the damage is done.
There are quite a bit of discussions going on. The Sudanese Government has not given its agreement yet and in these situations it is always easier when you work with the support and the co-operation of the government. I have also urged the Sudanese government to understand that if they had been able to protect their people and people were not starving or dying in Darfur, nobody would be talking about deploying troops there to help them. And it is not coming as an invasion force; it is coming to help the people, and they should facilitate this effort. Or, some people may be held to account now that we have an international criminal court.
That brings us to Charles Taylor: Do you think it was fair really, to browbeat Nigeria to hand over Charles Taylor, considering the circumstances in which he left Liberia in the first place?
I don't know if browbeat is the word ...
(General laughter)
But let me say that I know the history of it very well and I know the circumstances under which President Olusegun Obasanjo of Nigeria took him in. And we were all very pleased, the entire world was pleased, they praised Nigeria, indicating that that action had paved the way for peace. President Obasanjo indicated that the only term and the only condition under which he will release Taylor is if an elected Liberian government were to ask for him. Whether we like it or not, the Liberian elected government, Ms Johnson Sirleaf did ask for him and the President kept his word. But I concede that there were pressures from different sources too.
Concerning Charles Taylor, do you think his arrest and trial will check the spread of impunity on the continent in the long run?
I think we have to look at it in a broader context. It is not just Charles Taylor. We have the arrest of Charles Taylor; we have the arrest of Lubanga (militia leader in Eritrea) who was causing a lot of problems in Eritrea. There have been sanctions slapped on three people in Ivory Coast. Recently, another set of sanctions was slapped on four others in the Sudan.
Really, it sends a message that those who commit these atrocities will be held to account. And the message it also sends is that regardless of your position in life and your station, you may be a President, you may be a General, you may be a Field Commander, you may be a youth leader, but if today, you commit some of these atrocities, a time may come when you will be held to account. Today the international system has a mechanism. There used to be a time when interestingly enough, if you killed one man you are much likely to be put on trial, but if you killed hundreds or thousands you walked away because they were often in power. But nowadays, we have a mechanism to deal with that ... and I think it sends a message.
Now we will like to go back to something that happened in the past. You were one of the last people to see Chief M.K.O. Abiola in Nigeria. We would like to know about your meeting with him. What did you say to him, what did he say to you? How do you think that your intervention actually played into the resolution of the whole crisis?
That was my objective when I came to Nigeria to encourage transition, the release of political prisoners, so that one can move on to a democratic change and have elections. And I left Nigeria; I was convinced that he was on his way out, that he was going to be released and that there were going to be elections. And General (Abdusalam) Abubakar gave me his word, he was not interested in staying in office. He was keen on organising democratic elections and he kept his word.
It was rather tragic that having spent that much time in the jail, he would die when he was on the verge of regaining his freedom and playing his political role in the political life of the nation.
Do you recall what he said to you?
I don't have the details ...
Okay sir. Coming to the UN, you have been working very hard on your reform programme, but we don't seem to see a consensus anymore and yet, there is need for reform. What is the way out?
I think we need to persevere. And let me say that we have achieved quite a bit since the September Summit, in the sense that since then, we have established a Peace Building Commission that will help countries coming out of conflicts or in distress to stabilise and reconstruct.
We have established a new Human Rights Council, which I hope will be much more dynamic and effective than the commission before it. We have established em .. actually let me back up. We have got the member states to agree to accept the principle of responsibility to protect, which is quite an achievement. I recall in 1999 when I first raised this issue there was palpable anger in the house that I was ... that it was an attack against sovereignty. But now we have it. We also established a fund to ensure that we are able to get humanitarian assistance to people in need as quickly as possible. We have a democracy fund to assist countries in transition.
But we have major tasks ahead. The management issue that you referred to, we are looking at the development agenda and reform of the Economic and Social Council. We are looking at strategies for combating terrorism; there was the Security Council reform, but we haven't made much progress. But I think we should persevere.
What happened last week or so, has brought to the fore the tensions between the member states and in fact we are talking management and reforms. Some see it as a power struggle, a power struggle between the North and the South. They feel that some of the big countries have insatiable appetite for power. And unfortunately, some of the developments that happened have firmed that impression.
For example, when we established the Peace Building Commission, the five permanent members of the Security Council said we want five seats reserved for us and they got it. The same suggestion was made initially when the Human Rights Council was named and of course the membership reacted and they backed away.
So, when you talk of changes or managing change, the question is, which group is going to gain, which group has an influence and may exploit this new change? Even if you say, give a Secretary General a bit more authority or power, some people will wonder if the big boys would go and lean on him or her to do things their way because they are paying quite a lot of the contributions.
So I think we need to work with them to build trust and to work on this reform in a spirit of give and take, because we do need to adapt the organisation and bring it in line with the challenges we face and it is not just a management issue, the same goes for the Security Council. The current composition and structure of the Security Council reflects the geopolitical realities of 1945 and not of 2006. And, to have an organisation of a hundred and ninety-one member-states with a narrow power base of five member-states on critical issues... most people are seeing that the council's decisions are mandatory, they are legislative on member states and yet you have a very narrow base. I have described this as a democracy deficit. And it is something that we have to do something about sooner or later.
So you don't agree that this issue of a breakdown in the reform agenda is a battle for the soul of UN?
No, I wouldn't say ... I mean, the Americans have a very strong position and the G-77 are also defending their position. We have been through some of these situations before. Well, I don't know what you mean by battle for the soul of UN.
That is how some of the ambassadors of the developing countries here have described it ...
But we know your time is short and, let me draw your attention to the difficulties the UN has faced and you specifically, with regards to at least two of the scandals that have been reported, on sexual harassment and the oil for food programme. Do you think this has eroded the credibility of the UN?
Let me say that I hope not. It was a big blow and a painful experience for all of us. But one should not also forget that we were the ones who initiated the investigation. I set up the Volcker Commission because we wanted to get to the truth. And it was a very complex programme - the oil for food programme, a $64 billion programme. It was a very complex one for an organisation that is not used to running those kinds of things.
But if you look at the report of the Volcker Commission in its entirety, you will discover that while there may have been mismanagement, the question of fraud and scandal, and fraudulent behaviour, quite honestly if there were problems there, they belonged to the capitals. There was only one UN staff member that the investigation indicates may have taken $150,000 out of a $64 billion programme. The companies that made use of Saddam Hussein behind the back of the UN, it was 2,200 companies from sixty countries. As I indicated earlier, the Security Council mandates under Chapter 7 are mandatory, they become part of the national laws and the governments were meant to apply it and also monitor their own companies.
It is not a chapter the UN is very proud of, but what is often also forgotten is that the programme succeeded in its objective of feeding the Iraqi population. We fed the 26 million Iraqis and the system went to the extent that it was the distribution list which was used for elections.
On the sexual exploitation, where they refer to the peacekeeping operations, this is something we have taken very strict measures (on) and we indicated that we have a zero tolerance programme which we are determined to press on. It is unfortunate, but I think it will also be wrong to pretend that this sort of thing only happens with UN peacekeepers and it doesn't happen in any nation. In a way, the people in these operations also reflect the larger community, but we are taking very, very strict measures to make sure it is not repeated on our watch and in our operations. | ||||||||
7733 | dbpedia | 0 | 22 | https://poetsandquants.com/2023/01/20/sloan-fellows-an-elite-mid-career-degree-at-3-world-class-b-schools/ | en | Sloan Fellows: An Elite Mid-Career Degree At 3 World Class B-Schools | [
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] | 2023-01-20T00:00:00 | Only about 250 Sloan Fellows graduate each year, joining an elite class of changemakers that includes government leaders, CEOs, and founders. | en | https://poetsandquants.com/wp-content/themes/pq/images/favicon.ico | Poets&Quants | https://poetsandquants.com/2023/01/20/sloan-fellows-an-elite-mid-career-degree-at-3-world-class-b-schools/ | Every morning, on his way to class in Cambridge, Massachusetts, Taiwo Ajetunmobi walks by a little park in Kendall Square. He passes a statue there inscribed with seven words: “Most innovative square mile on the planet.”
An executive with a love of technology and a mission to build up emerging economies like his home country of Nigeria, that particular square mile is exactly where he needs to be, at least for this point in time.
“One of my professors said that every sort of amazing tech that is going to transform the world for the next 10 to 20 years has already been invented,” says Ajetunmobi, 37, a Sloan Fellow at MIT’s Sloan School of Management.
“I think the silent part of that statement is that it has been invented in a place like MIT. So I get to see all this amazing tech before it goes out into the world.”
SLOAN FELLOWS, IN A CLASS OF THEIR OWN
Ajetunmobi is part of an elite class of mid-career professionals who can call themselves Sloan Fellows. He’s in good company. Kofi Annan, former Secretary-General of the United Nations and winner of the Nobel Peace Prize; Lord John Browne of Madingley, former chairman and CEO of BP and member of the British House of Lords, ; and Frank Shrontz, Boeing chairman, are all Sloan Fellows.
Only three schools in the world offer the program – Stanford Graduate School of Business, MIT Sloan School of Management, and London Business School. Created by legendary General Motors chairman Alfred P. Sloan and his foundation, it is the first general management and leadership education program targeting experienced managers. It is counted among the most prestigious business degrees in the world.
Compared to the traditional two-year MBA, the 12-month Sloan programs are quick, intense, and highly selective. Only about 250 fellows graduate each year from all three programs. The schools’ stellar reputations and the caliber of executives they attract combine to create a unique cohort experience, set apart from any other management degree. Graduates include CEOs of top companies like Pfizer, Hewlett-Packard and Citigrop. They lead prestigious universities, banks, and stock exchanges. They serve at high-level positions in world governments or have been U.S. presidential candidates. Three of the last four U.S. Postmaster Generals (not Louis Dejoy) are Sloan Fellows, as is a former commander of the U.S. Coast Guard.
“The caliber and experience of students and what that brings to the mix is an integral part of what makes the program unique,” says Jane Charlton, executive director of Degree Programmes and Student Experience at London Business School. “LBS Sloan courses are specifically tailored to experienced senior professionals who are looking to effectively lead change and drive organizational performance.”
NOT MBA OR EMBA
So what is a Sloan Fellows degree? It’s not an MBA in the traditional sense, though MIT’s program does grant a Sloan MBA. Residential MBAs at elite schools typically attract students with 4 to 10 years of experience, take two years to complete, and prepare graduates for professional roles requiring less experience. Sloan Fellows are seasoned managers with proven career success. They typically have 10 to 20 years experience coming into the program and step into senior leadership roles after graduation.
Neither is Sloan an executive MBA which, while attracting high-level executives with more experience, is a part time program with weekend classes to allow its students to keep working. The EMBA is typically application focused, allowing students to put their lessons to practice immediately while working on business problems existent in their own companies. Sloan Fellows is a full-time, residential degree. Most fellows live on their respective campuses and take a hiatus from their careers.
“In the Sloan Fellows program, you get a full year to really focus on yourself. You’re not distracted by working at the same time,” says Johanna Hising DiFabio, assistant dean of Sloan Fellows MBA & Executive MBA at MIT Sloan. “After the first semester, Sloan Fellows also have very little core coursework, so that they can design and craft their own curriculum based on what they are interested in moving into, whether that’s sustainability, entrepreneurship, data, or whatever.”
THREE SIMILAR BUT SEPARATE PROGRAMS
Alfred P. Sloan, Jr., then CEO of General Motors, created the first program in 1930 after realizing his company’s engineers lacked management savvy. MIT’s Erwin H. Shell proposed a business education program for promising engineers and created the MIT Sponsored Fellowships program, later to be renamed the MIT Sloan Fellows Program. The Sloan program expanded to Stanford in 1957 and eventually to London in 1968.
While the three Sloan programs aren’t formally linked, all share the ethos of applying rigorous business education to experienced, talented individuals with stellar business and academic credentials.
“While each school plays to its own strengths – strategy and leadership and a high-level of experience in the case of LBS – there is a strong connection between Fellows who have completed a Sloan degree,” says Charlton. “Pre-pandemic, there were alumni collaborations that we would love to continue in the future.”
Similar to executive MBA programs, most Sloan Fellows used to be sponsored by their companies. Now most pay their own way.
MIT’s program is the largest of the three, with 109 students, compared with Stanford’s 84 and LBS’ 52. LBS is the most experienced cohort, requiring a minimum of 12 years of experience to apply while its 2022 current cohort had an average of 18 years experience. This year, Stanford enrolled the most ever women for its Sloan program at 37%.
On the following pages, we dive deeper into the Sloan Fellow programs at London Business School, MIT Sloan, and Stanford GSB. | ||||
7733 | dbpedia | 3 | 77 | https://fletcher.tufts.edu/ | en | The Fletcher School: A Graduate School of International Affairs | https://fletcher.tufts.edu/sites/g/files/lrezom941/themes/site/favicon.ico | https://fletcher.tufts.edu/sites/g/files/lrezom941/themes/site/favicon.ico | [
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] | null | [] | null | Discover Fletcher's 90-year legacy of leadership, research, and policy initiatives dedicated to a more equitable and peaceful world. Be part of our journey as we forge the future together. | en | /sites/g/files/lrezom941/themes/site/favicon.ico | https://fletcher.tufts.edu/ | Remembering Dean Jeswald Salacuse
Fletcher Pays Tribute to the Lasting Legacy of Dean Jeswald Salacuse
Read More
Olympic Medals Tell a Story on Gender Equity
At EconoFact, Professor Michael Klein analyzes labor force participation and discrimination
Read More
Lessons in Leadership from the United Nations
An interview with Professor Abiodun Williams, author of a new book on former UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan
Read More
Exploring Federal Policy and Tribal Nations at the U.S. Senate
Natasha Frazier F25 examines federal legislative process in the U.S. Senate as a Udall intern
Read More | |||
7733 | dbpedia | 3 | 2 | https://www.britannica.com/biography/Kofi-Annan | en | Kofi Annan | Biography & Facts | [
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] | 1999-07-28T00:00:00+00:00 | Kofi Annan, Ghanaian international civil servant, who served two terms as secretary-general of the United Nations (UN) from 1997 to 2006. He was the corecipient, with the United Nations, of the Nobel Prize for Peace in 2001. Read more about his life and work in this article. | en | /favicon.png | Encyclopedia Britannica | https://www.britannica.com/biography/Kofi-Annan | Kofi Annan (born April 8, 1938, Kumasi, Gold Coast [now Ghana]—died August 18, 2018, Bern, Switzerland) was a Ghanaian international civil servant, who was the secretary-general of the United Nations (UN) from 1997 to 2006. He was the corecipient, with the United Nations, of the Nobel Prize for Peace in 2001.
Annan, whose father was governor of Asante province and a hereditary paramount chief of the Fante people, studied at the University of Science and Technology in Kumasi before enrolling at Macalester College in St. Paul, Minnesota, U.S., where he received a bachelor’s degree in economics. He continued his studies at the Institute for Advanced International Studies in Geneva. He earned a master’s degree while a Sloan fellow at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1971–72.
Annan began his career with the UN as a budget officer for the World Health Organization in Geneva in 1962. With the exception of a brief stint as the director of tourism in Ghana (1974–76), he spent his entire career with the UN, serving in several administrative posts. On March 1, 1993, he was elevated to undersecretary-general for peacekeeping operations. In that position he distinguished himself during the civil war in Bosnia and Herzegovina, particularly in his skillful handling of the transition of peacekeeping operations from UN forces to NATO forces.
Because Boutros Boutros-Ghali, Annan’s predecessor as secretary-general, had alienated some member nations—most notably the United States—with his independent and aloof style, Annan entered office with the tasks of repairing relations with the United States and reforming the UN bureaucracy. Soon after becoming secretary-general, he introduced a reform plan that sought to reduce the organization’s budget and streamline its operations, moves that were welcomed by the United States. Other priorities included restoring public confidence in the UN, combating the AIDS virus, especially in Africa, and ending human rights abuses.
In 2001 Annan was appointed to a second term. Later that year the September 11 attacks occurred in the United States, and global security and terrorism became major issues for Annan. In 2003 the United States launched a war against Iraq without receiving approval from the UN Security Council, and Annan’s subsequent criticism of the war strained relations with the United States (see Iraq War). Later in 2003 Annan appointed a panel to explore the UN’s response to global threats, and he included many of its recommendations in a major reform package presented to the UN General Assembly in 2005. A number of measures were later adopted; the proposal to expand the Security Council from 15 to 24 members was among those rejected. In 2005 Annan was at the centre of controversy following an investigation into the oil-for-food program, which had allowed Iraq—under UN supervision—to sell a set amount of oil in order to purchase food, medicine, and other necessities. A report described major corruption within the program and revealed that Annan’s son was part of a Swiss business that had won an oil-for-food contract. Although Annan was cleared of wrongdoing, he was criticized for his failure to properly oversee the program. In 2006 Annan’s term ended, and he was succeeded by Ban Ki-Moon.
In 2007 Annan was named chairperson of the Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa (AGRA), an organization aiding small-scale farmers; AGRA was funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and the Rockefeller Foundation. He later played a crucial role in resolving the Kenyan election crisis that began in late December 2007, eventually brokering a power-sharing agreement between the government and the opposition on February 28, 2008. In the same year, he received the Peace of Westphalia Prize, awarded biannually for contributions to unity and peace in Europe, and became chancellor of the University of Ghana. In 2007 he founded the Kofi Annan Foundation, a not-for-profit organization that promotes peace, sustainable development, human rights, and the rule of law.
In February 2012 Annan was appointed Joint Special Envoy for Syria by the United Nations and the League of Arab States. His core diplomatic effort consisted in delivering to the Syrian government a six-point proposal for ending the country’s civil war, a plan endorsed by the Security Council. The proposal enjoined Pres. Bashar al-Assad’s government to take significant steps, including ending all fighting operations. The Syrian government formally accepted the plan in March but continued its attacks on rebel forces and on popular demonstrations. In August Annan announced his demission as Joint Special Envoy, citing a lack of unity and political will among world powers to resolve the conflict.
Annan coauthored a number of works. The memoir Interventions: A Life in War and Peace (cowritten with Nader Mousavizadeh) was published in 2012. | ||||
7733 | dbpedia | 0 | 34 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology_alumni | en | List of Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni | https://en.wikipedia.org/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico | https://en.wikipedia.org/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico | [
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This list of Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni includes students who studied as undergraduates or graduate students at MIT's School of Engineering; School of Science; MIT Sloan School of Management; School of Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences; School of Architecture and Planning; or Whitaker College of Health Sciences. Since there are more than 120,000 alumni (living and deceased), this listing cannot be comprehensive. Instead, this article summarizes some of the more notable MIT alumni, with some indication of the reasons they are notable in the world at large. All MIT degrees are earned through academic achievement, in that MIT has never awarded honorary degrees in any form.[1]
The MIT Alumni Association defines eligibility for membership as follows:[2]
The following persons are Alumni/ae Members of the Association:
All persons who have received a degree from the Institute; and All persons who have been registered as students in a degree-granting program at the Institute for (i) at least one full term in any undergraduate class which has already graduated; or (ii) for at least two full terms as graduate students.
As a celebration of the new MIT building dedicated to nanotechnology laboratories in 2018, a special silicon wafer was designed and fabricated with an image of the Great Dome. This One.MIT image is composed of more than 270,000 individual names, comprising all the students, faculty, and staff at MIT during the years 1861–2018. A special website was set up to document the creation of a large wall display in the building, and to facilitate the location of individual names in the image.[3]
Politics and public service
[edit]
United States
[edit]
Name Degree Degree year Notability Notes Lt. Gen. James Alan Abrahamson (USAF Ret'd) B.S. – Aeronautical Engineering 1955 Director of President Ronald Reagan's Strategic Defense Initiative
US Air Force general [4] Ben Bernanke PhD – Economics 1979 Chair of the Federal Reserve Bank [5] Samuel Bodman ScD – Chemical Engineering 1965 Secretary of Energy (2005–2009) [6] Jun Choi B.S. – Aeronautical/Astronautical Engineering 1994 Mayor of Edison, New Jersey Henry Cohen M.S. – Urban Planning 1949 Director of Föhrenwald displaced persons camp in the American sector of post-World War II Germany Leighton I. Davis M.S. – Aeronautical Engineering 1941 US Air Force general John M. Deutch B.S. – Chemical Engineering,
PhD – Chemistry
1961
1966
Director of Central Intelligence and United States Deputy Secretary of Defense under President Bill Clinton Jimmy Doolittle M.S., DSc – Aeronautical Engineering 1924
1925
US Air Force general T. Coleman du Pont United States Senator from Delaware Herbert W. Ehrgott B.S. – Mechanical Engineering 1930 US Air Force general Luis A. Ferré B.S., M.S. – Mechanical Engineering 1924
1925
3rd Governor of Puerto Rico Julius A. Furer M.S. – Naval Architecture 1905 US Navy admiral J. Michael Gilmore B.S. – Physics Director of the Operational Test and Evaluation Directorate Jonathan Gruber B.S. – Economics 1987 Director of the Health Care Program at the National Bureau of Economic Research, Professor of economics at MIT Jenn Hill Member of the Michigan House of Representatives from the 109th district Chrissy Houlahan M.S. – Technology and Policy 1994 U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania's 6th district Marcy Kaptur PhD – Urban Planning 1981 U.S. House of Representatives for Ohio's 9th district Frank Kowalski M.S. – Mechanical Engineering 1937 United States Representative from Connecticut Jon C. Kreitz US Navy admiral John M. Loh M.S. – Aeronautical Engineering 1973 Retired four-star general in the United States Air Force; last served as Commander, Air Combat Command; 24th Vice Chief of Staff of the Air Force Herbert B. Loper B.S. – Civil Engineering 1922 US Army general N. Gregory Mankiw PhD – Economics 1984 Chairman of President Bush's Council of Economic Advisors William F. Martin M.S. – "Without Course" 1974 Deputy Secretary of Energy (1968–1988)
Executive Secretary of National Security Council
Special Assistant to President Reagan
Thomas Massie B.S. – Electrical Engineering
M.S. – Mechanical Engineering
1993
1996
Member of the US House of Representatives
from Kentucky's 4th district
[7] Mark McClellan PhD – Economics 1993 Head of the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, Commissioner of the Food and Drug Administration Katharine Dexter McCormick B.S. – Biology 1904 Suffragette, funded research for the Pill Lansing McVickar 1918 Career officer with the United States Army Bruce Morrison B.S. – Chemistry 1965 US House of Representatives for Connecticut David Nolan B.S. – Political Science 1965 Founder of United States Libertarian Party John Olver PhD – Chemistry 1961 US House of Representatives for Massachusetts John Birdsell Oren M.S. – Marine Engineering US Coast Guard admiral Alex Padilla B.S. – Mechanical Engineering 1994 U.S. Senator from California, appointed by Governor Gavin Newsom after Kamala Harris was elected to Vice President Joseph J. Romm SB – Physics
PhD – Physics
1982
1987
Assistant Secretary of the US Department of Energy Francis Sargent Dropped out; studied architecture [1939] 64th Governor of Massachusetts George Shultz PhD – Economics 1949 Secretary of the Treasury and Secretary of State Phillips Waller Smith M.S. – Ordnance Engineering 1935 US Air Force general Paul Sohl B.S. – Aeronautical Engineering 1985 US Navy admiral Pete Stark B.S. – General Engineering 1956 US House of Representatives for California Lawrence Summers B.S. – Economics 1975 71st United States Secretary of the Treasury Chris Sununu B.S. – Civil/Environmental Engineering 1998 82nd Governor of New Hampshire John E. Sununu B.S., M.S. – Mechanical Engineering 1987
1987
United States Senator from New Hampshire John H. Sununu B.S., M.S., PhD – Mechanical Engineering 1961
1963
1966
White House Chief of Staff under President George H. W. Bush, Governor of New Hampshire, host of Crossfire Sheila Widnall B.S., M.S., DSc – Aeronautical/Astronautical Engineering 1961
1961
1964
United States Secretary of the Air Force (1993–1997) Tom Wolf PhD – Political Science 1981 47th Governor of Pennsylvania [8]
International
[edit]
Name Degree Year Notability Notes Tadatoshi Akiba PhD – Mathematics 1970 Mayor of Hiroshima; recipient of Ramon Magsaysay Award Kofi Annan M.S. – Management 1972 Former Secretary-General of the United Nations Moshe Arens Engineering Israel Minister of Defense three times and once as Minister of Foreign Affairs Pedro Aspe PhD – Economics 1978 Mexican Secretary of Finance and Public Credit Virgilio Barco B.S. – Civil Engineering 1943 Colombian president Youssef Boutros Ghali PhD – Economics 1981 Former Egyptian Minister of Finance Ahmed Chalabi B.S. – Mathematics 1965 Controversial Iraqi politician; deputy prime minister of Iraq Asim Dasgupta PhD – Economics 1975 Former Finance Minister of the Indian state of West Bengal Harold Demuren PhD – Aeronautical Engineering 1975 Director General of the Nigerian Civil Aviation Authority; first African elected as President of ICAO General Assembly Mario Draghi PhD – Economics 1977 Former President of the European Central Bank; Former Prime Minister of Italy José Figueres Ferrer 1926 Former (three-time) President of Costa Rica Pervez Hoodbhoy SB, Electrical Engineering, Mathematics, M.S. – Solid-State Physics,
PhD – Nuclear Physics 1973
1978
Faculty member at the Quaid-e-Azam University since 1973; renowned nuclear research scientist in Pakistan C.D. Howe 1907 Canadian politician and cabinet minister Janet Keeping B.S. – Architecture 1971 Lawyer; faculty member at the University of Calgary; Leader of the Green Party of Alberta[9][10] Uzi Landau PhD – Engineering 1976 National Infrastructure Minister of Israel Pita Limjaroenrat MBA – Strategy 2011 Thai politician and leader of Move Forward Party Mao Chi-kuo PhD – Civil Engineering 1982 Former Premier of the Republic of China (Taiwan) (2014–2016) [11] David Miliband M.S. – Political Science 1990 British politician, Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs Yahya Muhaimin Ph.D. 1982 Former Minister of Education and Culture, Republic of Indonesia Mohammad Ali Najafi M.S. – Mathematics 1979 Former Vice President of Iran [12] Benjamin Netanyahu B.S. – Architecture,
M.S. – Management
1975, 1976 Prime Minister of Israel Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala MCP – City Planning,
PhD – Urban Studies & Planning 1978
1981
Finance Minister of Nigeria (2003–2006) (2011–2015), Foreign Minister of Nigeria (2006) Lucas Papademos B.S. – Physics,
M.S. – Electrical Engineering,
PhD – Economics 1970
1972
1978
Vice President of the European Central Bank (2002–2010) and Prime Minister of Greece (2011–2012) Rachid Mohamed Rachid PhD – Management 1993 Former Egyptian Minister of Trade and Industry Raghuram Rajan PhD – Economics 1991 23rd Governor of Reserve Bank of India Omar Razzaz M.A. – City Planning Unknown Prime Minister of Jordan Ali Akbar Salehi PhD – Nuclear Engineering 1977 Minister of Foreign Affairs of Iran (2012–present) Sumana Shrestha MBA 2011 Minister of Education, Science and Technology, Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal Aafia Siddiqui BS Termed "Lady al-Qaeda", serving an 86-year sentence at the Federal Medical Center, Carswell Chadchart Sittipunt M.S. – Structural Engineering Current Governor of Bangkok Palanivel Thiagarajan MBA – Financial Management 1990 Finance Minister of Indian State of Tamil Nadu Milen Velchev M.S. – Management 1995 Bulgarian financial minister (2001–2005) Luis Videgaray PhD – Economics 1998 Mexican Secretary of Foreign Affairs (2017–2018); Secretary of Finance and Public Credit (2012–2016) David Walter M.S. – Political Science circa 1970 British BBC and ITN correspondent and later political advisor Robert Winters Canadian politician Tony Tan Keng Yam M.S. – Operations Research 1964 President of the Republic of Singapore; held various cabinet positions
Architecture and design
[edit]
Christopher Charles Benninger (MCP 1971) – award-winning architect and urban planner in India, Sri Lanka, prepared capital plan of Bhutan
Walter Danforth Bliss – architect from California, with many buildings on the National Register of Historic Places
Gordon Bunshaft (BArch 1933, MArch 1935) – architect of Lever House (New York City), Beinecke Library (Yale), Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden (Washington DC); Pritzker Prize (1988)
Vishaan Chakrabarti (MCP 1993)— architect and dean of UC Berkeley's College of Environmental Design
Ogden Codman, Jr. (1884) – Beaux-Arts domestic architect, interior designer
John Desmond (MArch) – designed numerous public buildings in Baton Rouge, including the River Center
Daniel Chester French (1871, one year) – sculptor of Abraham Lincoln (Lincoln Memorial), John Harvard (Harvard Yard), Minute Man (Concord, Massachusetts)
Cass Gilbert (1880) – architect of the US Supreme Court Building, Woolworth Building (New York City)
Greta Gray (1880–1961) – Bachelor of Architecture, home economist at UCLA, author and academic
Charles Sumner Greene (1891) – partner in Greene and Greene, domestic architects of Arts & Crafts style, Gamble House (Pasadena)
Henry Mather Greene (1891) – partner in Greene and Greene, domestic architects of Arts & Crafts style, Gamble House (Pasadena)
Marion Mahony Griffin (1894) – co-designer of the master plan for Canberra, Australia
Nathanael Herreshoff (B.S. 1870) – naval architect-engineer, yacht designer
Raymond Hood (1903) – architect of Rockefeller Center (New York City), Tribune Tower (Chicago)
Lois Lilley Howe (B.S. 1890) – second woman in the US to found an architecture firm
Jarvis Hunt – Chicago architect[13]
Myron Hunt (B.S. 1893) – architect of Huntington Art Gallery, Rose Bowl (Pasadena)
Piotr Kowalski (B.S. 1952) – artist, sculptor, architect, professor
Roger K. Lewis (BArch 1964; MArch 1967) – architect, urban planner, professor, author
Austin W. Lord (1888) – architect of the administration buildings, Isthmian Canal Commission, Panama; director of the School of Architecture at Columbia University
Kevin A. Lynch (B.S. 1947) – urban planner, author of the seminal book The Image of the City
John O. Merrill (B.S. 1921) – structural engineer, architect, leader of Skidmore, Owings and Merrill
Eleanor Manning O'Connor (B.S. 1906) – architect, educator, public housing advocate
Neri Oxman (1976– ) – Ph.D. Architectural Design (2010)
I. M. Pei (BArch 1940) – architect, Louvre Pyramid (Paris), Rock and Roll Hall of Fame (Cleveland), Bank of China (Hong Kong), MIT Buildings 18, 54, 66, E15; AIA Gold Medal (1979), Pritzker Prize (1983)
Frank M. Riley (1900) – architect
Donald W. Southgate (1887–1953) – architect in Nashville, Tennessee[14]
Sumner Spaulding (1892–1952) – architect, graduated in 1916, designed many buildings in California
Louis Sullivan (one year) – influential founder of the Chicago School; "father of skyscrapers"; "father of modernism"; AIA Gold Medal (1944)
James Knox Taylor (1880) – Supervisory Architect of Denver Mint, Philadelphia Mint, many post offices, court houses, other federal buildings
Robert Taylor (1892) – MIT's first black graduate, architect of the Tuskegee Institute
Harry Mohr Weese (BArch 1938) – architect, historic preservation advocate, designed first group of stations for Washington Metro system
Business and entrepreneurship
[edit]
See also List of companies founded by Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni
Computers and Internet
[edit]
Joseph Alsop (B.S. 1967) – co-founder of Progress Software
Efi Arazi – Israeli industrialist and businessman, founder of Scitex Corporation
Shiva Ayyadurai (B.S. 1987, M.S. 1989, M.S. 1990, PhD 2007) – scientist and inventor
Sanju Bansal – co-founder of MicroStrategy
Hugo Barra – VP Global for Xiaomi, former VP and product spokesman for Google Android
Anant Bhardwaj (Ph.D. dropout) – founder of Instabase
Katie Bouman (PhD 2017) – developer of the algorithm used in filtering the first images of a black hole taken by the Event Horizon Telescope
Larry DeMar (B.S. 1979) – programmer for Williams, co-creator of Defender and Robotron: 2084, and founder of Leading Edge Design
Matt Denesuk (B.S. 1987) – SVP, Data Analytics & AI at Royal Caribbean Group; founder of Noodle.ai, Chief Data Science Officer of GE[15]
John J. Donovan (Postdoc 1969) – founder of Cambridge Technology Partners, and Open Environment Corporation
Eran Egozy – co-founder, CTO, and VP of Harmonix Systems; now clarinetist and professor of music at MIT
Arash Ferdowsi (dropped out) – co-founder and CTO at Dropbox
Carly Fiorina (M.S. 1989) – former CEO of Hewlett-Packard
Philip Gale (1978–1998) – writer of TotalAccess, computer prodigy, and Internet software developer
Andy Gavin – co-founder of Naughty Dog and creator of the first video game with a full 3D environment, Crash Bandicoot
Shuman Ghosemajumder – author of Open Music Model, click fraud czar at Google
Cecil H. Green (B.S. 1924, M.S. 1924) – co-founder of Texas Instruments
Andrew He (B.S. 2019) [citation needed] – competitive programmer
William R. Hewlett (M.S. 1936) – co-founder of Hewlett-Packard
Danny Hillis (B.S. 1978, M.S. 1981, PhD 1988) – co-founder of Thinking Machines and former Disney Fellow
Mark Horowitz (B.S. 1978, M.S. 1978) – founder of Rambus
Drew Houston (B.S. 2006) – co-founder and CEO of Dropbox
Irwin M. Jacobs (M.S. 1957, ScD 1959) – co-founder of Qualcomm with Andrew Viterbi, current chairman and former CEO; former MIT professor (1959–1966)
Brewster Kahle (B.S. 1982) – internet archivist, founder of Alexa
Mitch Kapor – software entrepreneur, founder of Lotus Corporation
Earl Killian – software architect with 26 patents, MIPS[16][17]
Steve Kirsch (B.S. 1980, M.S. 1980) – inventor of the optical mouse, co-founder of Frame Technology Corporation and founder of Infoseek Corporation
Alan Kotok (B.S. 1962, M.S. 1962) – chief architect PDP-10, associate chairman World Wide Web Consortium
Susan Landau (PhD 1983) – Guggenheim Fellow and cybersecurity expert
Daniel Lewin (M.S. 1998) – founder of Akamai
Jack Little (B.S. 1978) – co-founder of MathWorks, which created and sells MATLAB
Steve Mann – co-creator of the SixthSense device
Patrick McGovern (B.S. 1960) – founder of IDG/Computerworld
Steve Meretzky (B.S. 1979) – computer game designer
Robert Metcalfe (B.S. 1969) – entrepreneur, founder of 3Com; inventor of Ethernet
Pranav Mistry (PhD) – co-creator of the SixthSense device
Nicholas Negroponte (B.Arch, M.Arch 1966) – founder, MIT Media Lab, One Laptop per Child Association
Kathy Nelson (B.S. – Electrical Engineering 1993) – creator of world's first holographic video game[18]
Andrew Ng (M.S. 1998) – co-founder of education technology company Coursera, director of Stanford University's Artificial Intelligence Lab
Robert Noyce (PhD 1953) – integrated circuit pioneer, co-founder of Intel, Draper Prize (1969)
Ken Olsen (B.S. 1950, M.S. 1952) – founder of Digital Equipment Corporation
William Poduska (B.S. 1960, M.S. 1960, ScD 1962) – computer engineer and entrepreneur, founder of Prime Computer and Apollo Computer
William A. Porter (MBA 1967) – founder of E*TRADE
Kanjun Qiu (M.S 2013) – founder of Imbue, an AI research lab[19][20]
Allen Razdow (B.S. 1976) – founder of Mathsoft Inc.; inventor of Mathcad
Alex Rigopulos (B.S. 1994, M.S. 1994) – founder of Harmonix Music Systems, developer of Guitar Hero and Rock Band
Larry Roberts (B.S. 1961, M.S. 1961, PhD 1963) – member of design group for original ARPANET, co-founder of Caspian Networks and Packetcom, former CEO of DHL
Sheldon Roberts (M.S. 1949, ScD 1952) – one of the "traitorous eight" who founded Fairchild Semiconductor; co-founder of Amelco which later became Teledyne
Douglas T. Ross (M.S. 1954) – founder of SofTech, Inc.
Michael J. Saylor (B.S. Astronautics 1987, B.S. Science, Engineering, Technology 1987) – co-founder of MicroStrategy
Megan Smith (B.S. 1986, M.S. 1988) – Google executive; former CEO of PlanetOut, early smartphones at General Magic, 3rd United States Chief Technology Officer (2014–17)
Robert Spinrad (PhD) – computer pioneer; director of the Xerox Palo Alto Research Center[21]
Ray Stata (B.S. 1958, M.S. 1958) – founder of Analog Devices
Lisa Su (B.S. 1990, M.S. 1991, PhD 1994) – CEO of Advanced Micro Devices
Eric Swanson – co-founder of Sycamore Networks
Theodore Tso – Google software engineer, maintainer of the ext4 filesystem
Philippe Villers (M.S. 1960) – founder of Computervision, which is now part of PTC
Andrew Viterbi (B.S. 1957, M.S. 1957) – electrical engineer; inventor of the Viterbi algorithm; co-founder of Qualcomm; former UCLA and UCSD professor
Brandon Wade (B.S. 1993) – founder of Seeking Arrangement
Christopher Weaver (M.S. 1985) – founder of Bethesda Softworks and co-founder of ZeniMax Media
Engineering
[edit]
Satya N. Atluri (Sc.D Aeronautics & Astronautics, 1969) – engineer; recipient of 2013 Padma Bhushan 2013,[22] 2015 Crichlow Trust Prize from AIAA[23]
Colin Angle – co-founder of iRobot
Vanu Bose (B.S. 1988, M.S. 1994, PhD. 1999) – electrical engineer, founder of Vanu Inc, and son of Amar Bose
Karel Bossart (M.S. 1927) – designer of the SM-65 Atlas missile
William David Coolidge (B.S. 1896) – physicist who made major contributions to X-ray machines, director of the General Electric Research Laboratory
Henry M. Crane (B.S. 1895 and 1896) – automotive engineer associated with Crane Motor Car Company, Crane-Simplex, Pontiac Six, and Wright-Martin
Charles Stark Draper (B.S. 1926, M.S. 1928, SD 1938) – engineer and inventor; the "father of inertial navigation"; inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame in 1981
Crawford Greenewalt (B.S. 1922) – chemical engineer, president of DuPont, lead DuPont engineer on the Manhattan Project plutonium breeder reactors, ornithologist and photographer
Helen Greiner – co-founder of iRobot
Charles Townsend Ludington – aviation pioneer
Francis "Des" Lynch (ScD Mechanical Engineering 1968) – patented several inventions including the ideal dimple patterns for Titleist golf balls
Ernest Boyd MacNaughton (B.S. 1902) – bank president; president of The Oregonian; president of Reed College
Fred Mannering (PhD 1983) – professor University of South Florida; Clarivate Highly Cited Researcher[24]
Jim Marggraff (B.S. Electrical Engineering, M.S. Computer Science) – inventor of the LeapPad Learning System, Fly pentop computer, and Livescribe smartpen[25]
Lissa Martinez (M.S. 1980) – ocean engineer
Regina Murphy (SB 1978, PhD 1989) – professor of chemical engineering at the University of Wisconsin-Madison[26]
Mohammad Modarres – Eminent Professor of the University of Maryland; founder of world's first graduate curriculum in reliability engineering
Henry M. Paynter (B.S. civil engineering 1944, M.S. mathematics and science 1949, ScD hydroelectric engineering 1951, all MIT) – inventor of bond graphs
Nicholas A. Peppas – professor of engineering, University of Texas at Austin, pioneer in drug delivery, biomaterials, hydrogels and nanobiotechnology
Thuan Pham (B.S. Computer Science & Engineering 1990, M.S. 1991) – CTO of Uber
RJ Scaringe (M.S., PhD) – CEO of Rivian, Plymouth, Michigan, United States
Tom Scholz – founder of the rock group Boston and Scholz Research & Development, Inc., manufacturers of Rockman sound equipment
Dorian Shainin (B.S. 1936) – quality paradigm pioneer and guru; considered one of the world's foremost experts in the fields of industrial problem solving, product reliability and quality engineering; known for the creation and development of the "Red X" concept
Mareena Robinson Snowden – first Black woman to earn a Ph.D. in nuclear engineering[27]
Suhas Pandurang Sukhatme – former Chairman of Atomic Energy Regulatory Board of India[28][29]
Suchatvee Suwansawat (M.S. Policy and Technology, Sc.D Geotechnical Engineering 2002) – Thai Politicians, Professor of Engineering, former President of King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang (KMITL), former of President of the Thai Council of Engineers[30][31]
Christine Taylor-Butler (civil engineering 1981) – children's author
Manufacturing and defense
[edit]
Vaughn Beals – CEO of Harley-Davidson
Amar Bose – founder and chairman of Bose Corporation
Wesley G. Bush – chairman, CEO and President of Northrop Grumman[32]
Morris Chang – chairman of the Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC), the largest semiconductor foundry in the world
Nick DeWolf – co-founder of Teradyne
John Dorrance – founder of Campbell Soup Company
Donald Douglas – founder of Douglas Aircraft Company
Pierre S. du Pont – Du Pont Company and General Motors executive
T. Coleman du Pont – Du Pont Company president; US Senator
Armand V. Feigenbaum – quality expert
William Clay Ford, Jr. – chairman of Ford Motor Company
Bernardo Garza Sada – founder and president of the ALFA conglomerate of Mexico[33]
Kenneth Germeshausen – co-founder, and the first "G", of the defense contractor EG&G
Bernard Marshall Gordon (B.S. 1949, M.S. 1949) – electrical engineer, inventor, philanthropist, co-founded Analogic Corporation, National Medal of Technology (1986)
George Hatsopoulos – founder of Thermo Electron Corporation
Charles Koch – co-owner, Chairman and CEO of Koch Industries, the second largest private company in the US
David H. Koch – co-owner of Koch Industries; Vice-Presidential candidate for the Libertarian Party
Jay Last – one of the "traitorous eight" who founded Fairchild Semiconductor; co-founder of Amelco, which became Teledyne
James McDonnell – co-founder of McDonnell Douglas
Alan Mulally – president and CEO of Ford Motor Company
William Emery Nickerson – co-founder of Gillette, now part of Procter & Gamble[34]
Willard Rockwell – founder of Rockwell International
Henry Singleton – founder of Teledyne
Alfred P. Sloan, Jr. – automobile entrepreneur, former CEO of General Motors
Wong Tsu – first engineer of the Boeing Company
Uncas Whitaker – founder of AMP Incorporated (now a division of Tyco International)
Rick Woodward – president of Woodward Iron Company, owner of Birmingham Barons[35]
Finance and consulting
[edit]
Roger Ward Babson – entrepreneur, founder of Babson Institute (now Babson College), 1940 presidential nominee on the Prohibition Party ticket
Sam Bankman-Fried (B.S. 2014) – convicted fraudster and former CEO of the insolvent cryptocurrency exchange FTX and quantitative cryptocurrency trading firm Alameda Research[36]
Michael Brennan – pioneering finance academic, former president of the American Finance Association
Richard Carrión – CEO of Banco Popular de Puerto Rico, and of Popular, Inc.
Wesley Chan – investment partner at Google Ventures
Lisa Endlich – business author, former vice-president at Goldman Sachs
Mark Gorenberg – partner of the venture capital firm Hummer Winblad Venture Partners
Michael Hammer – pioneer of Business Process Reengineering, founder of Hammer and Co.
Robert C. Hancké – Belgian economist
Mansoor Ijaz – founder and chairman of Crescent Investment Management Ltd; developer of the CARAT trading system
Shantanurao Laxmanrao Kirloskar – founder of Kirloskar Group
Arthur Dehon Little – entrepreneur, founder of the eponymous management consulting firm Arthur D. Little in 1886
Mark Mobius – emerging markets investor and fund manager
Kenichi Ohmae – former director of the Japan arm of McKinsey & Company, management consultants
Tom Perkins – founder of venture capital firm Kleiner, Perkins, Caufield & Byers
John S. Reed – chairman of the New York Stock Exchange
Ed Seykota – commodity trader
Jim Simons – mathematician; philanthropist; founder of Renaissance Technologies hedge fund
John Thain – former CEO of Merrill Lynch, former Chief Executive Officer of the New York Stock Exchange
William Toy – director at CDC, New York and Goldman Sachs; developer of the Black–Derman–Toy interest rate model
C. S. Venkatakrishnan – CEO of Barclays[37]
Gary Wang – former CTO at bankrupt cryptocurrency exchange FTX
Nigel Wilson – CEO of Legal & General
Healthcare and biotechnology
[edit]
Thomas O. Bales Jr. (BS Mechanical engineering) – medical technology inventor and entrepreneur
David Benaron – digital health entrepreneur, physician
George A. Herzlinger (B.S., PhD physics) – medical innovation entrepreneur who invented and, with Regina, founded firms that built and sold an intra aortic balloon pump and a standard-of-care rapid infuser that have saved thousands of lives[38]
Regina E. Herzlinger (B.S. economics) – first woman to be tenured and chaired at HBS and to serve on large corporate health care boards of directors, including John Deere and Cardinal Health; author of three best-selling health care trade books; known as the "godmother of consumer-driven health care"[39]
Paul F. Levy (SB, MCP 1974) – former president of Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center hospitals, former Executive Director of Boston's MWRA Harbor Cleanup project
Neil Pappalardo (SB physics, electrical engineering 1964) – Founder and chairman of MEDITECH
Bernard Sherman (PhD astrophysics) – Canadian billionaire, philanthropist, and founder of Apotex
Robert A. Swanson – co-founder of Genentech
Ron Williams – CEO of Aetna
Miscellaneous
[edit]
David A. Aaker – consultant and author of Marketing
Aditya Birla – industrialist, deceased son of basant Kumar Birla and father of Kumar Mangalam; head of Aditya Birla Group
Joseph Chung – co-founder of Art Technology Group with fellow MIT grad Jeet Singh
Jack Crichton – oil and natural gas industrialist from Texas; Republican candidate for governor in 1964
Samuel Face – inventor and co-developer of advances in concrete and piezoelectric technologies
Victor Kwok-king Fung – prominent Hong Kong billionaire businessman and political figure
Antonio Galloni – wine critic and founder of Vinous
Eugenio Garza Sada – Mexican businessman, philanthropist and founder of the Tec de Monterrey
Krisztina "Z" Holly (B.S. 1989, M.S. 1992) – co-founder of Stylus Innovation, curator of first TEDx, founder of MIT Deshpande Center for Technological Innovation, former vice provost for innovation at University of Southern California
John Legere – CEO of T-Mobile, post-graduate school, received M.S. from MIT
Nikolaos Mavridis – founder of the Interactive Robots and Media Lab
David McGrath – founder of TAD Resources, now part of Adecco
Dana G. Mead – former CEO and chair of Tenneco
Hamid R. Moghadam – co-founder, chairman and CEO of Prologis
Stewart Nelson – founder of Systems Concepts
Eric P. Newman – numismatist
Arthur S. Obermayer – founder of the Moleculon Research Corporation; philanthropist[40]
John Ofori-Tenkorang – Director General of the Social Security and National Insurance Trust, Ghana
Generoso Pope – founder and owner of The National Enquirer
Alexander N. Rossolimo – founding chairman of Center for Security and Social Progress
Michael J. Saylor – founder of MicroStrategy
Alan Spoon (B.S. 1973) – former president of The Washington Post Company
Leelila Strogov – general assignment reporter for Fox 11 News
Richard Tomlinson – British intelligence officer
Helmut Weymar – founder of Commodities Corporation
Education
[edit]
Muhammad M. Al-Saggaf (M.S. 1996, PhD 2000 in Geophysics) – President of King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals
Theodosios Alexander (M.S. in Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering 1982; M.S. in Ocean Systems Management; M.S. in Mechanical Engineering; ScD in Mechanical Engineering 1987) – Dean of Parks College of Engineering, Aviation and Technology[41] of Saint Louis University; Professor and Chair of Energy Engineering, Queen Mary, University of London; former James Watt Professor at the University of Glasgow, Scotland; former Mechanical Engineering Professor at Washington University in St. Louis
Joseph E. Aoun (PhD 1982) – president of Northeastern University, linguist, author
Andrew Armacost (M.S. 1995, PhD 2000) – dean of the United States Air Force Academy
Dennis Assanis (M.S. in Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering 1983, M.S. in Mechanical Engineering 1983, M.S. in Management 1986, PhD in Power and Propulsion 1986) – former Jon R. and Beverly S. Holt Professor and Arthur F. Thurnau Professor at the University of Michigan; Provost and Senior VP for Academic Affairs at Stony Brook University[42]
Larry Bacow (B.S. 1972) – president of Harvard University, former president of Tufts University, lawyer, economist, author
Merrill J. Bateman (PhD 1965) – former president of Brigham Young University; Mormon Presiding Bishop
Scott C. Beardsley – dean of the University of Virginia Darden School of Business[43]
Lawrence Berk (B.S. Architectural Engineering 1932) – founder and former president of Berklee College of Music (1945–1978)
William R. Brody (B.S. 1965, M.S. 1966) – former president of Johns Hopkins University, current president of Salk Institute
Emily Calandrelli (M.S. 2013) – aerospace engineer and STEM communicator
Marion Hamilton Carter (1893) – educator, journalist, author
Jared Cohon (M.S. 1972, PhD 1973) – former president of Carnegie Mellon University
William Cooper (PhD 1976) – president of University of Richmond
Dianna Leilani Cowern (2011) – physics alumnus and STEM educator and communicator on YouTube and elsewhere as a YouTuber and similar as “Physics Girl” collaborating often with fellow MIT graduate Emily Calandrelli and many other people associated with many other organizations[44]
Allan Cullimore – former president of New Jersey Institute of Technology (1920–1947)[45]
Woodie Flowers (M.S. 1968, ME 1971, PhD 1973) – MIT professor, created Introduction to Design (2.70), founder of FIRST Robotics Competition, starting host of Scientific American Frontiers (1990–93)
Philip Friedman (PhD 1972) – president of Golden Gate University
David Garrison[46] – founding chair, University of Houston–Clear Lake Physics Department
Thomas P. Gerrity – former dean of Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania
Hollis Godfrey (1889) – former president of Drexel University[47]
Eric Grimson (PhD Mathematics 1980) – computer scientist and Chancellor of MIT[48]
Michelle S. Hoo Fatt (B.S 1987, M.S. 1990 and Ph.D. 1992) – professor of mechanical engineering at the University of Akron[49]
Amos Horev (B.S., M.S.) – former president of Technion[50]
Shirley Jackson (B.S. 1968, PhD 1973) – president of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, physicist
Martin C. Jischke (M.S., PhD 1968) – former president of Purdue University
Theodora J. Kalikow (Sc.M. 1970) – former president of the University of Maine at Farmington and the University of Southern Maine
Salman Khan – founder and executive director of Khan Academy
Joseph Klafter – chemical physics professor, the eighth President of Tel Aviv University
Martin C. Libicki (B.S. Mathematics) – professor at the Frederick S. Pardee RAND Graduate School in Santa Monica, California
John Maeda (B.S., M.S. 1989) – former president of Rhode Island School of Design (2008–2013), graphic designer, computer scientist, author, venture capitalist
Modesto Maidique (B.S. 1962, M.S. 1964, EE 1966, PhD 1970) – former president of Florida International University
Julianne Malveaux (PhD 1980) – president of Bennett College
Alan Marcus (PhD 1981) – economist; professor at the Carroll School of Management, Boston College; first recipient of the Mario Gabelli Endowed Professorship
David McClain (PhD 1974) – president of University of Hawaii
Frederic Mishkin (B.S. 1973, PhD 1976) – economist; professor at Columbia Business School; Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (2006–2008); appeared in the documentary Inside Job
Leo E. Morton (M.S. 1987) – chancellor of University of Missouri-Kansas City
Gretchen Ritter (Ph.D.) – dean of the Cornell University College of Arts and Sciences[51]
Richard Santagati (M.S. 1979) – former president of Merrimack College
Rahmat Shoureshi – researcher, professor, and provost of New York Institute of Technology (NYIT)
Reed Shuldiner (Ph.D. 1985) – Alvin L. Snowiss Professor of Law at the University of Pennsylvania Law School
Nam-Pyo Suh (B.S. 1959, M.S. 1961) – president of KAIST (Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology)
Lawrence H. Summers (B.S. 1975) – former president of Harvard University, economist, former presidential advisor
Subra Suresh (ScD 1981) – former president of Carnegie Mellon University, former Director of the National Science Foundation, former Dean of the School of Engineering at MIT
Demetri Terzopoulos (PhD 1984) – Academy Award-winning computer scientist, university professor, author, and entrepreneur
Ahmed Tewfik (PhD 1987) – IEEE Signal Processing Society President, former chair of the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the Cockrell School of Engineering at the University of Texas at Austin
Lee T. Todd, Jr. (M.S. 1970, EE 1971, PhD 1974) – president of University of Kentucky
Laura Tyson (PhD 1974) – chairman of the CEA under Clinton; former dean of the Haas School of Business; former dean of the London Business School
Hal Varian (B.S. 1969) – chief economist at Google, founding dean of the School of Information at UC Berkeley
Patrick Henry Winston (B.S. 1965, M.S. 1967, PhD 1970) – author of standard textbooks on artificial intelligence and programming languages, MIT professor, co-founded Ascent Technology
Elisabeth Zinser (M.S. 1982) – president of Southern Oregon University
Humanities, arts, and social sciences
[edit]
Academics
[edit]
Saleem Ali (PhD 2001) – Blue and Gold Distinguished Professor of Energy and Environment at the University of Delaware, National Geographic Emerging Explorer, World Economic Forum Young Global Leader
Harry Binswanger – philosopher, associate of Ayn Rand
Michael Brame (PhD 1970) – professor of linguistics at the University of Washington
Dan Massey – sexual freedom scholar, religious philosopher, human rights activist, chief engineer at BBN Technologies, and senior scientist at Science Applications International Corporation
Charles Murray (M.S.; PhD Political Science 1974) – researcher, co-author of The Bell Curve – professor of Management Science and Engineering at Stanford University
Ellen Swallow Richards (B.S. 1873) – founder of the modern home economics discipline and first woman admitted to MIT
Actors, directors, and other crew
[edit]
Dylan Bruno – actor; former model
Yau-Man Chan (B.S. 1974) – contestant on Survivor: Figi and Survivor: Micronesia; table tennis player
James Eckhouse (1976,[52] dropped out[53]) – actor, Beverly Hills, 90210
Herbert Kalmus (1903) – inventor of Technicolor; star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame
Saladin K. Patterson (1994) – developer and executive producer of The Wonder Years revival
Erland Van Lidth De Jeude – Hollywood actor; opera singer
James Woods (1969, dropped out) – Hollywood actor; Oscar nominee; Emmy winner
Dottie Zicklin (1986) – television writer and producer; co-creator of the sitcoms Caroline in the City, Dharma & Greg, and Are You There, Chelsea?
Economists, correspondents, and political advisors
[edit]
Nariman Behravesh (born 1948) – economist
Alan Carlin (born 1937) – economist at the United States Environmental Protection Agency
Dean Karlan (PhD Development Economics and Public Finance 2002) – development economist and founder of Innovations for Poverty Action
Paul Krugman (PhD) – New York Times columnist, John Bates Clark Medal and Nobel Prize winner
Robert J. Shiller (born 1946) – Nobel Prize-winning economist, academic, and author
David Walter – British BBC and ITN correspondent; political advisor; winner of Kennedy Memorial Scholarship to MIT
Musicians, record producers, and engineers
[edit]
Nate Greenslit (PhD) – musician, writer and academic
Ned Lagin – played keyboards and synthesizer at a number of the Grateful Dead shows between 1970 and 1975 and on a few mid–1970s albums
Rajesh Mehta (B.S. Humanities and Engineering 1986) – hybrid trumpeter, composer, educational technology consultant
Alan Pierson (B.S. Music, Physics, 1996–1997) – conductor; Northwestern University faculty
Tom Scott (B.S. 1966) – winner of two Academy Awards for Best Sound for The Right Stuff and Amadeus
Jamshied Sharifi – Tony Award-winning composer
Painting, sculpting, and visual art
[edit]
Alia Farid – contemporary artist
Marisa Morán Jahn (M.S.) – multimedia artist and founder of Studio REV-
Alan Rath (B.S. 1982) – electronic, kinetic, and robotic sculptor
Samuel Washington Weis – painter
Writers and editors
[edit]
Steve Altes (B.S. 1984, M.S. 1986) – humorist, National Medal of Technology recipient, writer of Geeks & Greeks graphic novel about MIT
John W. Campbell (physics, dropped out) – writer, longtime editor of Astounding Science Fiction
Rebecca Richardson Joslin – essayist, lecturer, benefactor, clubwoman
Kealoha, born Steven Wong (1999) – performance poet; Hawaii's first Poet Laureate and National Poetry Slam Legend; storyteller; Hawaii's SlamMaster
Hugh Lofting – author of Dr. Dolittle series of books; trained at MIT as civil engineer, 1904–05
Megan Miranda — mystery and thriller novelist
John Shelton Reed (B.S. 1964) – sociologist, author of The Enduring South, elected to the Fellowship of Southern Writers
Science and technology
[edit]
Colin Adams – mathematician, knot theory expert, teacher, writer, math humorist
Rakesh Agrawal – National Medal of Technology and Innovation Laureate and Professor of Chemical Engineering at Purdue University
Buzz Aldrin – combat pilot, astronaut, second man to walk on the Moon
Pauline Morrow Austin – meteorologist, Director of Weather Radar at MIT, research staff in Radiation Laboratory
Adrian Bejan – professor of mechanical engineering, namesake of the Bejan number
Gordon Bell – computer engineer and manager, designer of DEC PDP, manager of the VAX project
Stephen Benton – invented rainbow hologram, pioneered digital holography
Marc Blank – computer game designer and programmer, developed Zork adventure game
Manuel Blum – computer scientist, received Turing Award (1995) for studies in computational complexity theory
Katie Bouman – computer scientist and electrical engineer involved in developing the algorithm used in filtering the first images of a black hole taken by the Event Horizon Telescope
Dan Bricklin – co-inventor of Visicalc, the first WYSIWYG PC spreadsheet program
Alice G. Bryant – otolaryngologist and inventor of surgical tools
Dixie Lee Bryant – geologist and educator
Edward M. Burgess – chemist, inventor of the Burgess reagent
Christopher Chen – William Fairfield Warren Distinguished Professor of Biomedical Engineering at Boston University
David D. Clark – led the development of TCP/IP (the protocol that underlies the Internet)
Wesley A. Clark – computing pioneer, creator of the LINC (the first minicomputer)
Fernando Corbató – retired MIT professor, Turing Award (1990), co-founder of the Multics project
Shiladitya DasSarma (PhD 1985) – pioneering microbiologist and professor at University of Maryland School of Medicine who deciphered genetic code for Halobacterium NRC-1
Peter J. Denning (M.S. 1965, PhD 1968) – computer scientist, professor, co-founder of the Multics project, pioneered virtual memory
Jack Dennis – retired MIT professor, co-founder of the Multics project
Peter Diamandis – founder and chairman of the X PRIZE Foundation, co-founder and chairman of Singularity University, and co-author of New York Times bestseller Abundance: The Future Is Better Than You Think
Whitfield Diffie – pioneer of public-key cryptography and the Diffie-Hellman protocol, Turing Award (2015)
K. Eric Drexler – pioneer nanotechnologist, author, co-founded Foresight Institute
Harold Eugene "Doc" Edgerton (M.S. 1927, ScD 1931) – former MIT Institute professor; co-founder, and the "E", of EG&G; stroboscope photography pioneer; Oscar winner 1940
Theodore Miller Edison (1898–1992) – only child of Thomas Alva Edison who graduated from college; inventor with over 80 patents[54]
Farouk El-Baz – Supervisor of Lunar Science Planning, Apollo Program, NASA
Kelly Falkner (PhD 1989) – oceanographer, Antarctic researcher
Bran Ferren (Class of 1974) – designer, technologist, Eegineer, entertainment technology expert, prolific inventor, Academy Award nominee
Carl Feynman – computer scientist; son of the physicist Richard Feynman
Michael Fincke (B.S. Aero/Astro 1989, SB EAPS 1989) – NASA astronaut, ISS Commander and former record-holder for time in space.
Marron William Fort (B.S. 1926, M.S. 1927, PhD 1933) – first African-American to earn a PhD in engineering
Bob Frankston (B.S. 1970, M.S. EE 1974) – co-inventor of Visicalc (first WYSIWYG PC spreadsheet program); critic of telecommunications public policy
Limor Fried – open-source hardware pioneer, founder of Adafruit Industries
Simson Garfinkel – journalist, author, computer security researcher, entrepreneur, computer science professor
Ivan Getting – co-inventor of the Global Positioning System (GPS), Draper Prize (2003)
Jim Gettys – an original developer of X Window, former director of GNOME
Yoshimi Goda – coastal engineer and recipient of the Order of the Sacred Treasure; undertook research at MIT with Arthur Ippen[55]
Kenneth E. Goodson – mechanical engineer and faculty at Stanford University
Martha Goodway – archaeometallurgist at the Smithsonian Institution
Bill Gosper (B.S. 1965) – mathematician, a founder of the original hacker community, pioneer of symbolic computing, originator of hashlife
Julia R. Greer (B.S. 1997) – materials science professor at Caltech, pioneer in the fields of nanomechanics and architected materials, CNN 2020 Visionary
Gerald Guralnik (B.S. 1958) – Professor of Physics, Brown University; co-discoverer of Higgs mechanism and Higgs boson in 1964 with C.R. Hagen; awarded J. J. Sakurai Prize for Theoretical Particle Physics in 2010[56]
C. R. Hagen (B.S., M.S. 1958, PhD. 1963) – Professor of Physics, University of Rochester; co-discoverer of Higgs mechanism and Higgs boson in 1964 with Gerald Guralnik; awarded J. J. Sakurai Prize for Theoretical Particle Physics in (2010)[56][57]
George Ellery Hale – astronomer, founded several astronomical observatories, developed Throop College of Technology into Caltech
Heidi Hammel (B.S. 1982) – planetary astronomer who has extensively studied Neptune and Uranus
Karen Hao (B.S. 2015), award-winning AI journalist[58][59]
William W. Happ (M.S.) – silicon transistor pioneer at Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory, and Professor at Arizona State University[60]
Sandra Lee Harris (SB, 1969) – systems engineer, quality assurance manager, chaplain; initiated distinction between "bug" and "feature"[61] while upgrading code for FOCAL for PDP-8 in 1971 at Digital Equipment Corporation
Guadalupe Hayes-Mota (B.S. 2008, M.S. 2016, MBA 2016) – biotechnologist and business director[62]
Asegun Henry (M.S., PhD 2009) – mechanical engineer[63]
Caroline Herzenberg (B.S. 1953) – physicist
Julian W. Hill (PhD 1928) – inventor of nylon[64]
C.-T. James Huang (PhD 1982) – generative linguist, Professor and Director of Graduate Studies at Harvard, Fellow of the Linguistic Society of America (2015), recipient of the Linguistic Society of Taiwan's Lifetime Achievement Award (2014)
David A. Huffman – computer scientist known for Huffman coding used in lossless data compression
Jerome C. Hunsaker (M.S. 1912, ScD 1923) – pioneering aeronautical engineer, airship designer, former head of MIT Mechanical Engineering Department
Anya Hurlbert (PhD, 1989) – visual neuroscientist
William Jeffrey – defense technology expert, former director of National Institute of Standards and Technology
Thomas Kailath – entrepreneur, retired Stanford professor, IEEE Medal of Honor (2007)
Rudolf E. Kálmán – electrical engineer, theoretical mathematician, co-inventor of Kalman Filter algorithm, Draper Prize (2008)
Jordin Kare – high energy laser physicist, developer of "mosquito laser zapper"
Gregor Kiczales – computer scientist, professor at the University of British Columbia, Fellow of the Association for Computing Machinery
Leonard Kleinrock (M.S. Electrical Engineering 1959, PhD Computer Science 1963) – computing and Internet pioneer, one of the key group of designers of the original ARPANET
Henry Kloss (1953, dropped out) – audio engineer; entrepreneur; founder of Acoustic Research, KLH, Advent, Kloss Video, Cambridge SoundWorks, Tivoli Audio
Loren Kohnfelder – introduced the term "public key certificate" for public key cryptography in secure network communication
Raymond Kurzweil (B.S. 1970) – inventor, entrepreneur in music synthesizers, OCR and speech-to-text processing
Leslie Lamport (B.S. 1960) – computing pioneer in temporal logic, developer of LaTeX, winner of the Turing Award (2013)
Robert S. Langer – biochemical engineer, biomedical researcher, MIT professor, inventor, entrepreneur, Draper Prize (2002)
Norman Levinson (B.S., M.S. 1934, ScD 1935) – theoretical mathematician, former Institute Professor at MIT, developed Levinson recursion
Daniel Levitin – neuroscientist, music producer, author of This Is Your Brain on Music
Soung Chang Liew (B.S. 1984, M.S. 1986, PhD 1988) – information engineering professor
Steven R. Little (PhD 2005) – chemical engineer, pharmaceutical scientist, and department chair of Chemical Engineering at the University of Pittsburgh Swanson School of Engineering
Maureen D. Long (PhD 2006) – observational seismologist
Edward Norton Lorenz – mathematician, meteorologist, MIT professor emeritus, invented chaos theory, discovered Lorenz attractor
Joseph Lykken (PhD 1982) – theoretical physicist, proposed "weak scale superstring" theory
Danilo M Maceda Jr – technology policy expert, software entrepreneur, film writer, software engineer, computer programmer (dropout for hacking CIA server)
Luz Martinez-Miranda – physicist and professor at the University of Maryland; first female president of the National Society of Hispanic Physicists[65]
Hiram Percy Maxim – inventor of the "Maxim Silencer" and founder of the American Radio Relay League
John F. McCarthy Jr. (B.S. 1950, M.S. 1951) – director of MIT Center for Space Research and director of Lewis Research Center, NASA
Douglas McIlroy (PhD 1959) – mathematician, software engineer, professor, developed component-based software engineering, an original developer of Unix, member of National Academy of Engineering
Diane McKnight (B.S. 1975, M.S. 1978, PhD 1979) – engineering professor, limnologist, biogeochemist, Antarctic researcher
Anne McNeil (Postdoc 2005–2007) – chemist and professor at University of Michigan
Faye McNeill (PhD 2005) – atmospheric chemist and Professor of Chemical Engineering at Columbia University
Parisa Mehrkhodavandi (PhD 2002) – chemist
Fulvio Melia (PhD 1985) – theoretical astrophysicist, professor, author, editor, general educator
Holly Michael (PhD 2005) – hydrogeologist and professor
Arnold Mindell (MSc 1961) – physicist, author, psychologist – developer of Process Oriented Psychology
Daniel Mindiola – professor of chemistry at University of Pennsylvania
Douglas J. Mink (B.S. 1973, M.S. 1974) – astronomer, software developer, co-discovered rings around Uranus, bicycling activist
Bill Parker – artist, engineer, inventor of the modern plasma lamp
Bradford Parkinson – co-inventor of the Global Positioning System (GPS), Draper Prize (2003)
Robert A. "Bob" Pease (B.S. 1961) – analog integrated circuit design expert, technical author
Irene Pepperberg (B.S. 1969) – Brandeis University professor, researcher in animal cognition, trained Alex (parrot)
Alan Perlis (M.S. 1949, PhD 1950) – computer scientist, professor, pioneer of programming languages, winner of the first Turing Award (1966)
Radia Perlman (B.S. 1973, M.S. 1976, PhD 1988) – computer scientist, network engineer, invented numerous data network technologies, "mother of the Internet"
David Pesetsky (PhD 1982) – generative linguist, Ferrari P. Ward Professor of Modern Languages and Linguistics and Head of the Department of Linguistics and Philosophy at the MIT
Harry Melville Pope (1881) – gunsmith noted for precision rifling of gun barrels[66]
Edward Rebar (PhD 1997) – biologist, senior vice president, and chief technology officer at Sangamo Therapeutics
ChoKyun Rha (B.S. 1962, M.S. 1964, M.S. 1966, SCD 1967) – food technologist, professor at MIT
Adam Riess (B.S. 1992) – physicist, Nobel Prize winner in Physics awarded in 2011 for demonstrating the acceleration of the universe's rate of expansion
Louis W. Roberts (PhD 1946) – microwave physicist, chief of the Microwave Laboratory at NASA's Electronics Research Center, director of the John A. Volpe National Transportation Systems Center[67][68]
Jerome Saltzer – retired MIT professor, timesharing computing pioneer, co-founder of the Multics project, Director of Project Athena
Frederick P. Salvucci (B.S. 1961, M.S. 1962) – civil engineer, transportation planner, MIT professor, former Massachusetts Secretary of Transportation, public transit advocate, Big Dig advocate
George W. Santos – pioneer in bone marrow transplantation
Bob Scheifler – computer scientist, leader of the X Window System project, architect of Jini
Julie Segre – epithelial biologist, Chief of the Human Genome Research Institute
Oliver Selfridge – computer scientist, father of machine perception
Claude Shannon – mathematician, electrical engineer, and cryptographer known as "the father of information theory"
Reuben Shaw (PhD 1999) – cancer researcher at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies and director of one of the National Cancer Institute's seven basic laboratory cancer centers in the U.S.
Amy B. Smith (B.S. 1984, M.S. 1995) – mechanical engineer, inventor, former Peace Corps volunteer, MIT senior lecturer and researcher in appropriate technology, MacArthur Fellow (2004)
Oliver R. Smoot – namesake of the smoot unit of measurement, former chair of ANSI; former president of ISO
Richard M. Stallman (grad student, dropped out) – computer programmer; Free Software activist; creator of EMACS editor, GNU; MacArthur Fellow (1990)
Guy L. Steele, Jr. (M.S. 1977, PhD 1980) – computer scientist, programming language expert, an original editor of the Jargon File (Hacker's Dictionary)
Richard Stratt (B.S. 1975) – professor of physical chemistry at Brown University
Mahmooda Sultana (PhD 2010) – NASA research engineer[69]
Bert Sutherland (M.S., PhD) – managed research laboratories, including Sun Microsystems Laboratories (1992–1998), the Systems Science Laboratory at Xerox PARC (1975–1981), and the Computer Science Division of Bolt, Beranek and Newman
Ivan Sutherland (PhD 1963) – computer graphics pioneer, former professor, ARPAnet and Internet pioneer, co-founded Evans & Sutherland, Turing Award (1988)
Lynne Talley (PhD 1982) – physical oceanographer, professor[70]
Badri Nath Tandon (1961) – gastroenterologist, textbook author, Sasakawa WHO Health Prize and Padma Bhushan winner
Andrew S. Tanenbaum (B.S. 1965) – computer scientist, professor, textbook author (operating systems), creator of Minix (the precursor to Linux)
Frederick Terman – electrical engineer; former provost of Stanford University; "father of Silicon Valley"
Ray Tomlinson – innovator of email systems, pioneered the use of the "@" symbol for email
Leonard H. Tower Jr. (B.S. Biology 1971) – early Free Software activist, software hacker
John George Trump – electrical engineer, inventor, and physicist; professor at MIT 1936–1973, directed MIT High Voltage Research Laboratory 1946–1980
Kay Tye – neuroscientist, MIT assistant professor
Ann M. Valentine – chemist, professor at Yale and Temple University
Manuel Sandoval Vallarta – MIT professor, founder of the Physics Institute at UNAM; mentor of Nobel laureate Richard Feynman
Denisa Wagner – vascular biologist at Harvard Medical School
Susie Wee – Women in Technology International laureate; CTEO of Collaboration at Cisco
Robert Williams Wood – optical physicist, developed "black light", ultraviolet and infrared photography
Joshua Wurman – meteorologist, inventor, developed the Doppler On Wheels, Bistatic Weather Radar Networks, founder and president of Center for Severe Weather Research (CSWR)
Jenny Y Yang (PhD 2007) – chemist
Edward Yourdon – computer pioneer, author, lecturer, popularized the term "Y2K Bug"
Gregorio Y. Zara – inventor of the first two-way videophone; National Scientist of the Philippines
Günter M. Ziegler – mathematician, Free University of Berlin professor, ex-president of the German Mathematical Society, recipient of the Chauvenet and Leroy P. Steele prizes
Sports
[edit]
Jimmy Bartolotta (2009) – professional basketball player
Charles Butt, Jr. (1941) – rowing coach
Skip Dise (2003) – member of 2010 US National Rowing Team[71]
Adam Edelman (2014) – American-born Israeli Olympic skeleton athlete
Johan Harmenberg (dropped out circa 1975–1977; drafted by Sweden) – épée fencer, gold medal winner in the 1980 Olympics, world champion
Larry Kahn – tiddlywinks champion
Dave Lockwood (1975) – tiddlywinks champion
Jeff Sagarin (1970) – sports statistician
Zeke Sanborn – Olympic gold medalist
Jason Szuminski (2000) – major league pitcher
Steve Tucker (1991) – two-time member of the US Olympic rowing team
Miscellaneous
[edit]
Katy Croff Bell (B.S. Ocean Engineering 2000) – National Geographic explorer
Sylvester Q. Cannon (B.S. Mining Engineering) – Apostle of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints
Csaba Csere (1978 B.S., 2 Mechanical Engineering) – automotive journalist, editor of Car and Driver
Lynn Yamada Davis (1977 B.S., Civil Engineering) – celebrity chef, Tiktoker[72][73]
Janet Hsieh (2001) – Taiwanese-American television personality, violinist, author, and model; host of Fun Taiwan
Jeff Hwang – US Air Force fighter pilot, 1999 winner of Mackay Trophy
J. Kenji López-Alt (2002 B.S., 4, Architecture) – celebrity chef, author of The Food Lab: Better Home Cooking Through Science
Ray Magliozzi (1972 B.S., 21B, Humanities and Science) – radio personality, Car Talk
Tom Magliozzi (1958 B.S., 14A, Economic Policy and Engineering) – radio personality, Car Talk
Lalit Pande (1972 M.S., 2 Mechanical Engineering) – environmentalist and Padma Shri awardee
Randal Pinkett – chairman and CEO of BCT Partners; winner of television show The Apprentice
Ubol Ratana (1973 B.S., 18 Mathematics) – Princess of Thailand
Aafia Siddiqui (1995 B.S., 7 Biology / Life Science) – neuroscientist; alleged Al-Qaeda operative; convicted of assaulting with a deadly weapon and attempting to kill US soldiers and FBI agents
Ellen Spertus (1990 B.S., 1992 M.S., 1998 PhD, Computer Science) – professor, computer scientist, 2001's "Sexiest Geek Alive"
Kelvin Teo (M.S. 2006) – young entrepreneur and season 1 winner of Malaysian reality show Love Me Do
Robert Varkonyi (1983 B.S., 15 Management, 1983 SB, 6 Computer Science and Engineering) – winner of the 2002 World Series of Poker Main Event
Fictional
[edit]
Gordon Freeman, the silent protagonist of Half-Life, graduated at MIT with a Ph.D. degree in Theoretical Physics
Lex Luthor, diabolical genius and supervillain of the DC Universe
Tim McGee, field agent specializing in cybersecurity and computer crime on NCIS, portrayed by Sean Murray
Tony Stark, alter ego of Iron Man, portrayed by Robert Downey Jr. in the Marvel Cinematic Universe films
Howard Wolowitz, character on The Big Bang Theory, portrayed by Simon Helberg
Nobel laureate alumni
[edit]
As of April 2011 , the MIT Office of the Provost says that 76 Nobel awardees had or currently have a formal connection to MIT.[74] Of this group, 29 have earned MIT degrees (MIT has never awarded honorary degrees in any form).[1]
Name Degree Degree year Award year Award Citation Notes George Akerlof PhD 1966 2001 Economics "for their analyses of markets with asymmetric information" [75] Sid Altman B.S. 1960 1989 Chemistry "for their discovery of catalytic properties of RNA" [76] Kofi Annan M.S. 1972 2001 Peace "for their work for a better organized and more peaceful world" [77] Robert Aumann M.S. 1952 2005 Economics "for having enhanced our understanding of conflict and cooperation through game-theory analysis" [78] Elias James Corey B.S. – Chemistry
PhD – Chemistry
1948
1951
1990 Chemistry "for his development of the theory and methodology of organic synthesis" [79] Eric Cornell PhD 1990 2001 Physics "for the achievement of Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases of alkali atoms, and for early fundamental studies of the properties of the condensates" [80] Peter Diamond PhD 1963 2010 Economics "for [the] analysis of markets with search frictions" [81] Richard Feynman B.S. 1939 1965 Physics "for their fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics, with deep-ploughing consequences for the physics of elementary particles" [82] Andrew Z. Fire PhD 1983 2006 Medicine/Physiology "for their discovery of RNA interference – gene silencing by double-stranded RNA" [83] Murray Gell-Mann PhD 1951 1969 Physics "for his contributions and discoveries concerning the classification of elementary particles and their interactions" [84] Leland H. Hartwell PhD 1964 2001 Medicine/Physiology "for their discoveries of key regulators of the cell cycle" [85] H. Robert Horvitz B.S. 1968 2002 Medicine/Physiology "for their discoveries concerning 'genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death'" [86] Henry W. Kendall B.S., PhD 1948, 1951 1990 Physics "for their pioneering investigations concerning deep inelastic scattering of electrons on protons and bound neutrons, which have been of essential importance for the development of the quark model in particle physics" [87] Lawrence Klein PhD 1944 1980 Economics "for the creation of econometric models and the application to the analysis of economic fluctuations and economic policies" [88] Paul Krugman PhD 1977 2009 Economics "for developing new trade theory and" [81] Robert B. Laughlin PhD 1979 1998 Physics "for their discovery of a new form of quantum fluid with fractionally charged excitations" [89] Robert C. Merton PhD 1970 1997 Economics "for a new method to determine the value of derivatives" [90] Robert S. Mulliken B.S. – Chemistry 1917 1966 Chemistry "for his fundamental work concerning chemical bonds and the electronic structure of molecules by the molecular orbital method" [91] Robert Mundell PhD 1956 1999 Economics "for his analysis of monetary and fiscal policy under different exchange rate regimes and his analysis of optimum currency areas" [92] William D. Nordhaus PhD 1967 2018 Economics "for integrating climate change into long-run macroeconomic analysis" [93] Charles Pedersen M.S. 1927 1987 Chemistry "for their development and use of molecules with structure-specific interactions of high selectivity" [94] William D. Phillips PhD 1976 1997 Physics "for development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light" [95] Burton Richter B.S., PhD 1952, 1956 1976 Physics "for their pioneering work in the discovery of a heavy elementary particle of a new kind" [96] Joseph Stiglitz PhD 1966 2001 Economics "for their analyses of markets with asymmetric information" [75] Carl E. Wieman B.S. 1973 2001 Physics "for the achievement of Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases of alkali atoms, and for early fundamental studies of the properties of the condensates" [80] Robert Burns Woodward B.S. 1936 1965 Chemistry "for his outstanding achievements in the art of organic synthesis" [101]
Astronaut alumni
[edit]
Name Degree Year Mission James Alan Abrahamson B.S. – Aeronautics 1955 Manned Orbital Laboratory Buzz Aldrin ScD – Aeronautics/Astronautics 1963 Gemini 12, Apollo 11 Dominic Antonelli B.S. – Aeronautics/Astronautics 1989 STS-119 Jerome Apt PhD – Physics 1976 STS-37, STS-47, STS-59, STS-79 Kenneth Cameron B.S. – Aeronautics/Astronautics
M.S. – Aeronautics/Astronautics
1978
1979
STS-37, STS-56, STS-74 Gregory Chamitoff PhD – Aeronautics/Astronautics 1992 STS-124, Expedition 17, Expedition 18, STS-126 Franklin Chang-Diaz ScD – Nuclear Engineering 1977 STS-61-C, STS-34, STS-46, STS-60, STS-75, STS-91, STS-111 Philip K. Chapman Multiple Degrees and Disciplines:
B.S. – Aeronautics/Astronautics
ScD – Instrumentation
1964, 1967 1967 Raja Chari M.S. – Aeronautics/Astronautics 2001 SpaceX Crew-3 Catherine "Cady" Coleman B.S. – Chemistry 1983 STS-73, STS-93 Timothy Creamer M.S. – Physics 1992 Charles Duke M.S. – Aeronautics/Astronautics 1964 Apollo 16 Anthony W. England B.S., M.S., PhD – Earth, Atmosphere, and Planetary Sciences 1965, 1965, 1970 STS-51-F Michael Fincke Double Major:
B.S. – Aeronautics/Astronautics
B.S. – Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences
1989 Soyuz TMA-4, Expedition 9, Soyuz TMA-13, Expedition 18, STS-134 John Grunsfeld B.S. – Physics 1980 STS-67, STS-81, STS-103, STS-109, STS-125 Nick Hague M.S. – Aeronautics/Astronautics 2000 Soyuz MS-10, Soyuz MS-12 (Expedition 59/60) Terry Hart M.S. – Mechanical Engineering 1969 STS-41-C Frederick Hauck M.S. – Nuclear Engineering 1966 STS-7, STS-51-A, STS-26 Wendy Lawrence M.S. – Ocean Engineering 1988 STS-67, STS-86, STS-91, STS-114 Mark C. Lee M.S. – Mechanical Engineering 1980 STS-30, STS-47, STS-64, STS-81 William B. Lenoir B.S., M.S., PhD – Electrical Engineering 1961, 1962, 1965 STS-5 Byron K. Lichtenberg M.S., ScD – Aeronautics/Astronautics 1975, 1979 STS-9, STS-45 Michael Massimino Multiple Degrees and Disciplines:
M.S. – Technology and Public Policy
M.S. – Mechanical Engineering
Engineer's Degree – Mechanical Engineering
PhD – Mechanical Engineering
1988
1988
1990
1992
STS-109, STS-125 Ronald McNair PhD – Physics 1976 STS-41-B, STS-51-L Pamela Ann Melroy M.S. – Earth, Atmosphere, and Planetary Sciences 1984 STS-92, STS-112, STS-120 Edgar Mitchell ScD – Aeronautics/Astronautics 1964 Apollo 14 Jasmin Moghbeli B.S. – Aerospace Engineering with Information Technology 2005 SpaceX Crew-7 Nicholas Patrick M.S., PhD – Mechanical Engineering 1990, 1996 STS-116, STS-130 Stephen Robinson Postdoc at Man-Vehicle Lab, Aeronautics/Astronautics 1993 STS-85, STS-95, STS-114 Albert Sacco PhD – Chemical Engineering 1977 STS-73 Russell Schweickart B.S., M.S. – Aeronautics/Astronautics 1956, 1963 Apollo 9 David Scott Dual Degrees:
M.S. – Aeronautics/Astronautics
Engineer's Degree – Aeronautics/Astronautics
1962
1962
Gemini 8, Apollo 9, Apollo 15 William Shepherd Dual Degrees:
M.S. – Mechanical Engineering
Engineer's Degree – Ocean Engineering
1978, 1978 STS-27, STS-41, STS-52, Soyuz TM-31, Expedition 1, STS-102 Heidemarie Stefanyshyn-Piper B.S., M.S. – Mechanical Engineering 1984, 1985 STS-115, STS-126 Daniel Tani B.S., M.S. – Mechanical Engineering 1984, 1985 STS-108, STS-120, Expedition 16, STS-122 Robert Thirsk Multiple Degrees and Disciplines:
M.S. – Mechanical Engineering
MBA – Management
1978, 1998 STS-78, Soyuz TMA-14, Expedition 19, STS-127 Janice Voss Multiple Degrees and Disciplines:
M.S. – Electrical Engineering
PhD – Aeronautics/Astronautics
1977, 1978 STS-57, STS-63, STS-83, STS-94, STS-99 Neil Woodward B.S. – Physics 1984 | ||||
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] | 2018-07-24T06:00:54+00:00 | MIT Sloan Fellows program is for senior managers with 8 and more years experience. MIT Sloan Fellows is a one year MBA offered by the MIT Sloan MBA | en | MBA Decoder | https://mbadecoder.com/mit-sloan-fellows-program/ | Every year we get hundreds of enquiries from senior applicants with 10+ years of work experience who wish to do an MBA. This pool of applicants has it difficult in the admissions process for the two year MBA program, where the average class work experience is 5 years. Plus, their age (30+years) is also more than the average class age of 28 years. These factors make a two year MBA unviable for senior applicants for several reasons:
1. Being older than class average can mean you are not a right fit in the class.
2. For senior managers who have already risen substantially in the corporate ladder, the class composition may feel less experienced, and therefore be perceived as adding less value.
3. A two year MBA may not be viable given family commitments and other pressures.
4. The opportunity cost of leaving a job for a two year MBA may be too much given your already good position at work.
At that age and stage, do you really need a two year MBA or a reputed finishing school where you build a great network and round off your business knowledge?
MBA FELLOWS PROGRAM FOR SENIOR APPLICANTS
The good news is there are specific programs that cater to this applicant pool. For applicants who can travel locally, say within the US or within Europe, there are the Executive MBAs(eMBAs) or the part-time or weekend MBA options. But for senior managers who want an immersive experience, there are some full time, exclusive programs, called MBA Fellowships. These cater to senior managers who are on the cusp of transforming to leadership roles and need that thrust, through business education, to get there faster. Moreover, the class is comprised of CXOs and mid-level managers who are at your level, and hence you have much to learn from them.
In this three-part series, we present three such Fellowship programs, that are hosted at MIT Sloan, Stanford and London Business School :
MIT SLOAN Fellows Program
Where would you study if you wish to rub shoulders with the likes of Kofi Annan as your fellow alumni? Its got to be the MIT Sloan Fellows program!
About MIT Sloan Fellows Program: Launched in 1930, this one-year fellows program is tailor-made for high potential, mid-career managers who are “enthusiastic to discover new possibilities for innovation and action”, the two themes that are fundamental to MIT Sloan. The program emphasizes preparing leaders to make a difference on a global scale.
Curriculum: The MIT Sloan Fellows have the choice between earning one of the three degrees: an MBA, an MS in Management or an MS in Management technology. The MS courses require the Fellows to complete a thesis in order to graduate. The Sloan Fellowship course that begins in June, builds upon a foundation of management, global leadership and innovation. In addition to the core courses, the Fellows can take between 8 and 10 electives.
Class profile: The class of 2018 has 109 students having an average work experience of 14 years. 84%of the class is international with 42 nationalities represented- 32% of these are from Asia. Females comprise 23% of the class. A majority of the class comes from financial services background and the industry. Common designations of candidates are VPs, directors, heads of business departments, founding partners and senior managers.
Eligibility: For admission, MIT Sloan Fellows should have atleast 10 years of full-time work experience. An ability to innovate and invent and push beyond one’s comfort zone to make long-lasting impact are the qualities the adcom looks for in potential candidates.
Program Fee: for one year is approximately $179,798
Application material:
The essays are:
1. Please tell us about a time you were recently on a team which had competing priorities. What challenges did you face, how did you approach the challenges, and what did you learn from this experience? (500 words or fewer).
2. Video Interview: Please introduce yourself via a brief 60 second video statement. Videos should be a single take (no editing) lasting no more than one minute and consisting of you speaking directly to the camera.
3. Optional essay: You will have the option to provide any additional information you would like the admissions team to know that may be helpful in evaluating your candidacy (i.e., choice of recommenders, areas of concern in your academic record, other extenuating circumstances, etc.). This information should be provided in a written format (200 words or less)
Organization chart: In addition to the essays, the applicants should provide an organizational chart which outlines the internal structure of your department and company. This should have a limit of two pages.
Here are specific instructions from MIT on the organization chart: We should be able to see your line of reporting to the top of your organization, and to easily find you, your peers, your supervisor, their peers, and your direct reports, as well as any other recommenders from your current organization.
Resume: The application requirements include a resume that should not be more than two pages.
Letters of recommendations: Applicants must submit two LORs from recommenders who can provide feedback on the following questions:
1. Please provide a brief description of your interaction with the applicant and, if applicable, the applicant’s role in your organization. (Maximum word count: 50 words)
2. How does the performance of the applicant compare to that of other well-qualified individuals in similar roles? (E.g. what are the applicant’s principal strengths?) (Maximum word count: 500 words)
3. Describe the most important piece of constructive feedback you have given the applicant. Please detail the circumstances and the applicant’s response. (Maximum word count: 500 words)
4. Is there anything else we should know? (Optional)
Other application requirements:
GMAT/GRE: All the applicants are required to submit one from either a GMAT, GRE, or EA (executive assessment) score.
Bachelor’s degree: All applicants must hold an undergraduate degree. They can scan and upload their transcripts at the time of the application.
Application fee is $250
Interviews: are by invitation only. Invited applicants will be expected to answer the following questions:
Essay during interview: The mission of the MIT Sloan School of Management is to develop principled, innovative leaders who improve the world and to generate ideas that advance management practice. We believe that a commitment to diversity, inclusion, equity, and well-being is a key component of both principled leadership and sound management practice. In 250 words or less, please describe how you, as a member of the MIT Sloan community, would work to create a campus that is welcoming, inclusive and increasingly diverse.
Applicants can hear back about invitation right until the decision deadlines. | |||
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] | null | [] | null | The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) is a private land-grant research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Established in 1861, MIT has played a s... | en | https://www.wikiwand.com/en/articles/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology | "MIT" redirects here. For other uses, see MIT (disambiguation).
The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) is a private land-grant research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Established in 1861, MIT has played a significant role in the development of many areas of modern technology and science.
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Founded in response to the increasing industrialization of the United States, MIT adopted a European polytechnic university model and stressed laboratory instruction in applied science and engineering. MIT is one of three private land-grant universities in the United States, the others being Cornell University and Tuskegee University. The institute has an urban campus that extends more than a mile (1.6 km) alongside the Charles River, and encompasses a number of major off-campus facilities such as the MIT Lincoln Laboratory, the Bates Center, and the Haystack Observatory, as well as affiliated laboratories such as the Broad and Whitehead Institutes.
As of October 2023, 101 Nobel laureates,[10] 26 Turing Award winners, and 8 Fields Medalists have been affiliated with MIT as alumni, faculty members, or researchers.[11] In addition, 58 National Medal of Science recipients, 29 National Medals of Technology and Innovation recipients, 50 MacArthur Fellows,[12] 83 Marshall Scholars,[13] 41 astronauts,[14] 16 Chief Scientists of the US Air Force, and 1 foreign head of state have been affiliated with MIT. The institute also has a strong entrepreneurial culture and MIT alumni have founded or co-founded many notable companies.[15][16] MIT is a member of the Association of American Universities.[17]
Foundation and vision
[...] a school of industrial science aiding the advancement, development and practical application of science in connection with arts, agriculture, manufactures, and commerce [...]
Act to Incorporate the Massachusetts Institute of Technology,
Acts of 1861, Chapter 183[18]
In 1859, a proposal was submitted to the Massachusetts General Court to use newly filled lands in Back Bay, Boston for a "Conservatory of Art and Science", but the proposal failed.[19][20] A charter for the incorporation of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, proposed by William Barton Rogers, was signed by John Albion Andrew, the governor of Massachusetts, on April 10, 1861.[21]
Rogers, who was educated at the College of William & Mary and later held professorships at both William & Mary and the University of Virginia,[22] wanted to establish an institution to address rapid scientific and technological advances.[23][24] He did not wish to found a professional school, but a combination with elements of both professional and liberal education,[25] proposing that:
The true and only practicable object of a polytechnic school is, as I conceive, the teaching, not of the minute details and manipulations of the arts, which can be done only in the workshop, but the inculcation of those scientific principles which form the basis and explanation of them, and along with this, a full and methodical review of all their leading processes and operations in connection with physical laws.[26]
The Rogers Plan reflected the German research university model, emphasizing an independent faculty engaged in research, as well as instruction oriented around seminars and laboratories.[27][28]
Early developments
Two days after MIT was chartered, the first battle of the Civil War broke out. After a long delay through the war years, MIT's first classes were held in the Mercantile Building in Boston in 1865.[29] The new institute was founded as part of the Morrill Land-Grant Colleges Act to fund institutions "to promote the liberal and practical education of the industrial classes" and was a land-grant school.[30][31] In 1863 under the same act, the Commonwealth of Massachusetts founded the Massachusetts Agricultural College, which developed as the University of Massachusetts Amherst. In 1866, the proceeds from land sales went toward new buildings in the Back Bay.[32]
MIT was informally called "Boston Tech".[32] The institute adopted the European polytechnic university model and emphasized laboratory instruction from an early date.[27] Despite chronic financial problems, the institute saw growth in the last two decades of the 19th century under President Francis Amasa Walker.[33] Programs in electrical, chemical, marine, and sanitary engineering were introduced,[34][35] new buildings were built, and the size of the student body increased to more than one thousand.[33]
The curriculum drifted to a vocational emphasis, with less focus on theoretical science.[36] The fledgling school still suffered from chronic financial shortages which diverted the attention of the MIT leadership. During these "Boston Tech" years, MIT faculty and alumni rebuffed Harvard University president (and former MIT faculty) Charles W. Eliot's repeated attempts to merge MIT with Harvard College's Lawrence Scientific School.[37] There would be at least six attempts to absorb MIT into Harvard.[38] In its cramped Back Bay location, MIT could not afford to expand its overcrowded facilities, driving a desperate search for a new campus and funding. Eventually, the MIT Corporation approved a formal agreement to merge with Harvard, over the vehement objections of MIT faculty, students, and alumni.[38] However, a 1917 decision by the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court effectively put an end to the merger scheme.[38]
In 1916, the MIT administration and the MIT charter crossed the Charles River on the ceremonial barge Bucentaur built for the occasion,[39][40] to signify MIT's move to a spacious new campus largely consisting of filled land on a one mile-long (1.6 km) tract along the Cambridge side of the Charles River.[41][42] The neoclassical "New Technology" campus was designed by William W. Bosworth[43] and had been funded largely by anonymous donations from a mysterious "Mr. Smith", starting in 1912. In January 1920, the donor was revealed to be the industrialist George Eastman of Rochester, New York, who had invented methods of film production and processing, and founded Eastman Kodak. Between 1912 and 1920, Eastman donated $20 million ($236.6 million in 2015 dollars) in cash and Kodak stock to MIT.[44]
Curricular reforms
In the 1930s, President Karl Taylor Compton and Vice-President (effectively Provost) Vannevar Bush emphasized the importance of pure sciences like physics and chemistry and reduced the vocational practice required in shops and drafting studios.[45] The Compton reforms "renewed confidence in the ability of the Institute to develop leadership in science as well as in engineering".[46] Unlike Ivy League schools, MIT catered more to middle-class families, and depended more on tuition than on endowments or grants for its funding.[47] The school was elected to the Association of American Universities in 1934.[48]
Still, as late as 1949, the Lewis Committee lamented in its report on the state of education at MIT that "the Institute is widely conceived as basically a vocational school", a "partly unjustified" perception the committee sought to change. The report comprehensively reviewed the undergraduate curriculum, recommended offering a broader education, and warned against letting engineering and government-sponsored research detract from the sciences and humanities.[49][50] The School of Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences and the MIT Sloan School of Management were formed in 1950 to compete with the powerful Schools of Science and Engineering. Previously marginalized faculties in the areas of economics, management, political science, and linguistics emerged into cohesive and assertive departments by attracting respected professors and launching competitive graduate programs.[51][52] The School of Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences continued to develop under the successive terms of the more humanistically oriented presidents Howard W. Johnson and Jerome Wiesner between 1966 and 1980.[53]
Defense research
MIT's involvement in military science surged during World War II. In 1941, Vannevar Bush was appointed head of the federal Office of Scientific Research and Development and directed funding to only a select group of universities, including MIT.[54] Engineers and scientists from across the country gathered at MIT's Radiation Laboratory, established in 1940 to assist the British military in developing microwave radar. The work done there significantly affected both the war and subsequent research in the area.[55] Other defense projects included gyroscope-based and other complex control systems for gunsight, bombsight, and inertial navigation under Charles Stark Draper's Instrumentation Laboratory;[56][57] the development of a digital computer for flight simulations under Project Whirlwind;[58] and high-speed and high-altitude photography under Harold Edgerton.[59][60] By the end of the war, MIT became the nation's largest wartime R&D contractor (attracting some criticism of Bush),[54] employing nearly 4000 in the Radiation Laboratory alone[55] and receiving in excess of $100 million ($1.2 billion in 2015 dollars) before 1946.[46] Work on defense projects continued even after then. Post-war government-sponsored research at MIT included SAGE and guidance systems for ballistic missiles and Project Apollo.[61]
... a special type of educational institution which can be defined as a university polarized around science, engineering, and the arts. We might call it a university limited in its objectives but unlimited in the breadth and the thoroughness with which it pursues these objectives.
—MIT president James Rhyne Killian
These activities affected MIT profoundly. A 1949 report noted the lack of "any great slackening in the pace of life at the Institute" to match the return to peacetime, remembering the "academic tranquility of the prewar years", though acknowledging the significant contributions of military research to the increased emphasis on graduate education and rapid growth of personnel and facilities.[62] The faculty doubled and the graduate student body quintupled during the terms of Karl Taylor Compton, president of MIT between 1930 and 1948; James Rhyne Killian, president from 1948 to 1957; and Julius Adams Stratton, chancellor from 1952 to 1957, whose institution-building strategies shaped the expanding university. By the 1950s, MIT no longer simply benefited the industries with which it had worked for three decades, and it had developed closer working relationships with new patrons, philanthropic foundations and the federal government.[63]
In late 1960s and early 1970s, student and faculty activists protested against the Vietnam War and MIT's defense research.[64][65] In this period MIT's various departments were researching helicopters, smart bombs and counterinsurgency techniques for the war in Vietnam as well as guidance systems for nuclear missiles.[66] The Union of Concerned Scientists was founded on March 4, 1969 during a meeting of faculty members and students seeking to shift the emphasis on military research toward environmental and social problems.[67] MIT ultimately divested itself from the Instrumentation Laboratory and moved all classified research off-campus to the MIT Lincoln Laboratory facility in 1973 in response to the protests.[68][69] The student body, faculty, and administration remained comparatively unpolarized during what was a tumultuous time for many other universities.[64] Johnson was seen to be highly successful in leading his institution to "greater strength and unity" after these times of turmoil.[70] However six MIT students were sentenced to prison terms at this time and some former student leaders, such as Michael Albert and George Katsiaficas, are still indignant about MIT's role in military research and its suppression of these protests.[71] (Richard Leacock's film, November Actions, records some of these tumultuous events.[72])
In the 1980s, there was more controversy at MIT over its involvement in SDI (space weaponry) and CBW (chemical and biological warfare) research.[73] More recently, MIT's research for the military has included work on robots, drones and 'battle suits'.[74]
Recent history
MIT has kept pace with and helped to advance the digital age. In addition to developing the predecessors to modern computing and networking technologies,[75][76] students, staff, and faculty members at Project MAC, the Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, and the Tech Model Railroad Club wrote some of the earliest interactive computer video games like Spacewar! and created much of modern hacker slang and culture.[77] Several major computer-related organizations have originated at MIT since the 1980s: Richard Stallman's GNU Project and the subsequent Free Software Foundation were founded in the mid-1980s at the AI Lab; the MIT Media Lab was founded in 1985 by Nicholas Negroponte and Jerome Wiesner to promote research into novel uses of computer technology;[78] the World Wide Web Consortium standards organization was founded at the Laboratory for Computer Science in 1994 by Tim Berners-Lee;[79] the OpenCourseWare project has made course materials for over 2,000 MIT classes available online free of charge since 2002;[80] and the One Laptop per Child initiative to expand computer education and connectivity to children worldwide was launched in 2005.[81]
MIT was named a sea-grant college in 1976 to support its programs in oceanography and marine sciences and was named a space-grant college in 1989 to support its aeronautics and astronautics programs.[82][83] Despite diminishing government financial support over the past quarter century, MIT launched several successful development campaigns to significantly expand the campus: new dormitories and athletics buildings on west campus; the Tang Center for Management Education; several buildings in the northeast corner of campus supporting research into biology, brain and cognitive sciences, genomics, biotechnology, and cancer research; and a number of new "backlot" buildings on Vassar Street including the Stata Center.[84] Construction on campus in the 2000s included expansions of the Media Lab, the Sloan School's eastern campus, and graduate residences in the northwest.[85][86] In 2006, President Hockfield launched the MIT Energy Research Council to investigate the interdisciplinary challenges posed by increasing global energy consumption.[87]
In 2001, inspired by the open source and open access movements,[88] MIT launched OpenCourseWare to make the lecture notes, problem sets, syllabi, exams, and lectures from the great majority of its courses available online for no charge, though without any formal accreditation for coursework completed.[89] While the cost of supporting and hosting the project is high,[90] OCW expanded in 2005 to include other universities as a part of the OpenCourseWare Consortium, which currently includes more than 250 academic institutions with content available in at least six languages.[91] In 2011, MIT announced it would offer formal certification (but not credits or degrees) to online participants completing coursework in its "MITx" program, for a modest fee.[92] The "edX" online platform supporting MITx was initially developed in partnership with Harvard and its analogous "Harvardx" initiative. The courseware platform is open source, and other universities have already joined and added their own course content.[93] In March 2009 the MIT faculty adopted an open-access policy to make its scholarship publicly accessible online.[94]
MIT has its own police force. Three days after the Boston Marathon bombing of April 2013, MIT Police patrol officer Sean Collier was fatally shot by the suspects Dzhokhar and Tamerlan Tsarnaev, setting off a violent manhunt that shut down the campus and much of the Boston metropolitan area for a day.[95] One week later, Collier's memorial service was attended by more than 10,000 people, in a ceremony hosted by the MIT community with thousands of police officers from the New England region and Canada.[96][97][98] On November 25, 2013, MIT announced the creation of the Collier Medal, to be awarded annually to "an individual or group that embodies the character and qualities that Officer Collier exhibited as a member of the MIT community and in all aspects of his life". The announcement further stated that "Future recipients of the award will include those whose contributions exceed the boundaries of their profession, those who have contributed to building bridges across the community, and those who consistently and selflessly perform acts of kindness".[99][100][101]
In September 2017, the school announced the creation of an artificial intelligence research lab called the MIT-IBM Watson AI Lab. IBM will spend $240 million over the next decade, and the lab will be staffed by MIT and IBM scientists.[102] In October 2018 MIT announced that it would open a new Schwarzman College of Computing dedicated to the study of artificial intelligence, named after lead donor and The Blackstone Group CEO Stephen Schwarzman. The focus of the new college is to study not just AI, but interdisciplinary AI education, and how AI can be used in fields as diverse as history and biology. The cost of buildings and new faculty for the new college is expected to be $1 billion upon completion.[103]
The Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) was designed and constructed by a team of scientists from California Institute of Technology, MIT, and industrial contractors, and funded by the National Science Foundation. It was designed to open the field of gravitational-wave astronomy through the detection of gravitational waves predicted by general relativity.[104] Gravitational waves were detected for the first time by the LIGO detector in 2015. For contributions to the LIGO detector and the observation of gravitational waves, two Caltech physicists, Kip Thorne and Barry Barish, and MIT physicist Rainer Weiss won the Nobel Prize in physics in 2017.[105] Weiss, who is also an MIT graduate, designed the laser interferometric technique, which served as the essential blueprint for the LIGO.[106]
MIT's 166-acre (67.2 ha) campus in the city of Cambridge spans approximately a mile along the north side of the Charles River basin.[7] The campus is divided roughly in half by Massachusetts Avenue, with most dormitories and student life facilities to the west and most academic buildings to the east. The bridge closest to MIT is the Harvard Bridge, which is known for being marked off in a non-standard unit of length – the smoot.[107][108]
The Kendall/MIT MBTA Red Line station is located on the northeastern edge of the campus, in Kendall Square. The Cambridge neighborhoods surrounding MIT are a mixture of high tech companies occupying both modern office and rehabilitated industrial buildings, as well as socio-economically diverse residential neighborhoods.[109][110] In early 2016, MIT presented its updated Kendall Square Initiative to the City of Cambridge, with plans for mixed-use educational, retail, residential, startup incubator, and office space in a dense high-rise transit-oriented development plan. The MIT Museum has moved immediately adjacent to a Kendall Square subway entrance, joining the List Visual Arts Center on the eastern end of the campus.[111]
Each building at MIT has a number (possibly preceded by a W, N, E, or NW) designation, and most have a name as well. Typically, academic and office buildings are referred to primarily by number while residence halls are referred to by name. The organization of building numbers roughly corresponds to the order in which the buildings were built and their location relative (north, west, and east) to the original center cluster of Maclaurin buildings.[112] Many of the buildings are connected above ground as well as through an extensive network of tunnels, providing protection from the Cambridge weather as well as a venue for roof and tunnel hacking.[113][114]
MIT's on-campus nuclear reactor[115] is one of the most powerful university-based nuclear reactors in the United States. The prominence of the reactor's containment building in a densely populated area has been controversial,[116] but MIT maintains that it is well-secured.[117]
MIT Nano, also known as Building 12, is an interdisciplinary facility for nanoscale research. Its 100,000 sq ft (9,300 m2) cleanroom and research space, visible through expansive glass facades, is the largest research facility of its kind in the nation.[118] With a cost of US$400 million, it is also one of the costliest buildings on campus. The facility also provides state-of-the-art nanoimaging capabilities with vibration damped imaging and metrology suites sitting atop a 5×10^6 lb (2,300,000 kg) slab of concrete underground.[119]
Other notable campus facilities include a pressurized wind tunnel for testing aerodynamic research, a towing tank for testing ship and ocean structure designs, and previously Alcator C-Mod, which was the largest fusion device operated by any university.[120][121] MIT's campus-wide wireless network was completed in the fall of 2005 and consists of nearly 3,000 access points covering 9.4×10^6 sq ft (870,000 m2) of campus.[122]
The campus' primary energy source is natural gas. In connection with capital campaigns to expand the campus, the Institute has also extensively renovated existing buildings to improve their energy efficiency. MIT has also taken steps to reduce its environmental impact by running alternative fuel campus shuttles, subsidizing public transportation passes, constructing solar power offsets, and building a cogeneration plant to power campus electricity, heating, and cooling requirements.[123][124]
MIT has substantial commercial real estate holdings in Cambridge on which it pays property taxes, plus an additional voluntary payment in lieu of taxes (PILOT) on academic buildings which are legally tax-exempt. As of 2017, it is the largest taxpayer in the city, contributing approximately 14% of the city's annual revenues.[125] Holdings include Technology Square, parts of Kendall Square, University Park, and many properties in Cambridgeport and Area 4 neighboring the main campus.[126] The land is held for investment purposes and potential long-term expansion.[127]
Architecture
MIT's School of Architecture, founded in 1865[128] and now called the School of Architecture and Planning, was the first formal architecture program in the United States,[129] and it has a history of commissioning progressive buildings.[130][131] The first buildings constructed on the Cambridge campus, completed in 1916, are sometimes called the "Maclaurin buildings" after Institute president Richard Maclaurin who oversaw their construction. Designed by William Welles Bosworth, these imposing buildings were built of reinforced concrete, a first for a non-industrial – much less university – building in the US.[132] Bosworth's design was influenced by the City Beautiful Movement of the early 1900s[132] and features the Pantheon-esque Great Dome housing the Barker Engineering Library. The Great Dome overlooks Killian Court, where graduation ceremonies are held each year. The friezes of the limestone-clad buildings around Killian Court are engraved with the names of important scientists and philosophers.[lower-alpha 1] The spacious Building 7 atrium at 77 Massachusetts Avenue is regarded as the entrance to the Infinite Corridor and the rest of the campus.[110]
Alvar Aalto's Baker House (1947), Eero Saarinen's MIT Chapel and Kresge Auditorium (1955), and I.M. Pei's Green, Dreyfus, Landau, and Wiesner buildings represent high forms of post-war modernist architecture.[135][136][137] More recent buildings like Frank Gehry's Stata Center (2004), Steven Holl's Simmons Hall (2002), Charles Correa's Building 46 (2005), and Fumihiko Maki's Media Lab Extension (2009) stand out among the Boston area's classical architecture and serve as examples of contemporary campus "starchitecture".[130][138] These buildings have not always been well received;[139][140] in 2010, The Princeton Review included MIT in a list of twenty schools whose campuses are "tiny, unsightly, or both".[141]
Housing
Undergraduates are guaranteed four-year housing in one of MIT's 11 undergraduate dormitories.[142] Those living on campus can receive support and mentoring from live-in graduate student tutors, resident advisors, and faculty housemasters.[143] Because housing assignments are made based on the preferences of the students themselves, diverse social atmospheres can be sustained in different living groups; for example, according to the Yale Daily News staff's The Insider's Guide to the Colleges, 2010, "The split between East Campus and West Campus is a significant characteristic of MIT. East Campus has gained a reputation as a thriving counterculture."[144] MIT also has 5 dormitories for single graduate students and 2 apartment buildings on campus for married student families.[145]
MIT has an active Greek and co-op housing system, including thirty-six fraternities, sororities, and independent living groups (FSILGs).[146] As of 2015, 98% of all undergraduates lived in MIT-affiliated housing; 54% of the men participated in fraternities and 20% of the women were involved in sororities.[147] Most FSILGs are located across the river in Back Bay near where MIT was founded, and there is also a cluster of fraternities on MIT's West Campus that face the Charles River Basin.[148] After the 1997 alcohol-related death of Scott Krueger, a new pledge at the Phi Gamma Delta fraternity, MIT required all freshmen to live in the dormitory system starting in 2002.[149] Because FSILGs had previously housed as many as 300 freshmen off-campus, the new policy could not be implemented until Simmons Hall opened in that year.[150]
In 2013–2014, MIT abruptly closed and then demolished undergrad dorm Bexley Hall, citing extensive water damage that made repairs infeasible. In 2017, MIT shut down Senior House after a century of service as an undergrad dorm. That year, MIT administrators released data showing just 60% of Senior House residents had graduated in four years. Campus-wide, the four-year graduation rate is 84% (the cumulative graduation rate is significantly higher).[151]
MIT is a publicly-chartered nonprofit corporation governed by a privately appointed board known as the MIT Corporation.[152] A large board since MIT's founding,[152] the Corporation has 60–80 members at any time, some with fixed terms, some with life appointments, and eight who serve ex officio.[153][154][155] The Corporation approves the budget, new programs, degrees and faculty appointments, and elects a president to manage the university and preside over the Institute's faculty.[110][152] The current president is Sally Kornbluth, a cell biologist and former provost at Duke University, who became MIT's eighteenth president in January 2023.[156]
MIT has five schools (Science, Engineering, Architecture and Planning, Management, and Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences) and one college (Schwarzman College of Computing), but no schools of law or medicine.[157][lower-alpha 2][159] While faculty committees assert substantial control over many areas of MIT's curriculum, research, student life, and administrative affairs,[160] the chair of each of MIT's 32 academic departments reports to the dean of that department's school, who in turn reports to the Provost under the President.[161] Academic departments are also evaluated by "Visiting Committees," specialized bodies of Corporation members and outside experts who review the performance, activities, and needs of each department.
MIT's endowment, real estate, and other financial assets are managed through by the MIT Investment Management Company (MITIMCo), a subsidiary of the MIT Corporation created in 2004.[162] A minor revenue source for much of the Institute's history, the endowment's role in MIT operations has grown due to strong investment returns since the 1990s, making it one the largest endowments held by American universities.[163] Among its holdings are a majority of shares in the audio equipment manufacturer Bose Corporation.[164]
Quick Facts Undergraduate admissions statistics, Admit rate ...
Undergraduate admissions statistics
2022 entering
class[165]Change vs.
2017[166]
Admit rate4.0%
( −3.2)
Yield rate85.0%
( +9.5)
Test scores middle 50%SAT Total1520–1570ACT Composite35–36
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MIT is a large, highly residential, research university with a majority of enrollments in graduate and professional programs.[167] The university has been accredited by the New England Association of Schools and Colleges since 1929.[168] MIT operates on a 4–1–4 academic calendar with the fall semester beginning after Labor Day and ending in mid-December, a 4-week "Independent Activities Period" in the month of January, and the spring semester commencing in early February and ceasing in late May.[169]
MIT students refer to both their majors and classes using numbers or acronyms alone.[170] Departments and their corresponding majors are numbered in the approximate order of their foundation; for example, Civil and Environmental Engineering is Course 1, while Linguistics and Philosophy is Course 24.[171] Students majoring in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), the most popular department, collectively identify themselves as "Course 6". MIT students use a combination of the department's course number and the number assigned to the class to identify their subjects; for instance, the introductory calculus-based classical mechanics course is simply "8.01" (pronounced eight-oh-one) at MIT.[172][lower-alpha 3]
Undergraduate program
More information Academic Year, Undergraduates ...
Enrollment in MIT (2017–2023) Academic Year Undergraduates Graduate Total Enrollment 2017–2018[166] 4,5476,91911,466 2018–2019[175] 4,6026,97211,574 2019–2020[176] 4,5306,99011,520 2020–2021[177] 4,3616,89311,254 2021–2022[178] 4,6387,29611,934 2022–2023[165] 4,6577,20111,858
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The four-year, full-time undergraduate program maintains a balance between professional majors and those in the arts and sciences. In 2010, it was dubbed "most selective" by U.S. News,[179] admitting few transfer students[167] and 4.1% of its applicants in the 2020–2021 admissions cycle.[180] It is need-blind for both domestic and international applicants.[181] MIT offers 44 undergraduate degrees across its five schools.[182] In the 2017–2018 academic year, 1,045 Bachelor of Science degrees (abbreviated "SB") were granted, the only type of undergraduate degree MIT now awards.[needs update][183][184] In the 2011 fall term, among students who had designated a major, the School of Engineering was the most popular division, enrolling 63% of students in its 19 degree programs, followed by the School of Science (29%), School of Humanities, Arts, & Social Sciences (3.7%), Sloan School of Management (3.3%), and School of Architecture and Planning (2%).[needs update] The largest undergraduate degree programs were in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (Course 6–2), Computer Science and Engineering (Course 6–3), Mechanical Engineering (Course 2), Physics (Course 8), and Mathematics (Course 18).[173]
All undergraduates are required to complete a core curriculum called the General Institute Requirements (GIRs).[185] The Science Requirement, generally completed during freshman year as prerequisites for classes in science and engineering majors, comprises two semesters of physics, two semesters of calculus, one semester of chemistry, and one semester of biology. There is a Laboratory Requirement, usually satisfied by an appropriate class in a course major. The Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences (HASS) Requirement consists of eight semesters of classes in the humanities, arts, and social sciences, including at least one semester from each division as well as the courses required for a designated concentration in a HASS division. Under the Communication Requirement, two of the HASS classes, plus two of the classes taken in the designated major must be "communication-intensive",[186] including "substantial instruction and practice in oral presentation".[187] Finally, all students are required to complete a swimming test;[188] non-varsity athletes must also take four quarters of physical education classes.[185]
Most classes rely on a combination of lectures, recitations led by associate professors or graduate students, weekly problem sets ("p-sets"), and periodic quizzes or tests. While the pace and difficulty of MIT coursework has been compared to "drinking from a fire hose",[189][190][191] the freshmen retention rate at MIT is similar to other research universities.[179] The "pass/no-record" grading system relieves some pressure for first-year undergraduates. For each class taken in the fall term, freshmen transcripts will either report only that the class was passed, or otherwise not have any record of it. In the spring term, passing grades (A, B, C) appear on the transcript while non-passing grades are again not recorded.[192] (Grading had previously been "pass/no record" all freshman year, but was amended for the Class of 2006 to prevent students from gaming the system by completing required major classes in their freshman year.[193]) Also, freshmen may choose to join alternative learning communities, such as Experimental Study Group, Concourse, or Terrascope.[192]
In 1969, Margaret MacVicar founded the Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program (UROP) to enable undergraduates to collaborate directly with faculty members and researchers. Students join or initiate research projects ("UROPs") for academic credit, pay, or on a volunteer basis through postings on the UROP website or by contacting faculty members directly.[194] A substantial majority of undergraduates participate.[195][196] Students often become published, file patent applications, and/or launch start-up companies based upon their experience in UROPs.[197][198]
In 1970, the then-Dean of Institute Relations, Benson R. Snyder, published The Hidden Curriculum, arguing that education at MIT was often slighted in favor of following a set of unwritten expectations and that graduating with good grades was more often the product of figuring out the system rather than a solid education. The successful student, according to Snyder, was the one who was able to discern which of the formal requirements were to be ignored in favor of which unstated norms. For example, organized student groups had compiled "course bibles"—collections of problem-set and examination questions and answers for later students to use as references. This sort of gamesmanship, Snyder argued, hindered development of a creative intellect and contributed to student discontent and unrest.[199][200]
Graduate program
MIT's graduate program has high coexistence with the undergraduate program, and many courses are taken by qualified students at both levels. MIT offers a comprehensive doctoral program with degrees in the humanities, social sciences, and STEM fields as well as professional degrees, including the Master of Business Administration (MBA).[167] The Institute offers graduate programs leading to academic degrees such as the Master of Science (which is abbreviated as MS at MIT), various Engineer's Degrees, Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), and Doctor of Science (DSc) and interdisciplinary graduate programs such as the MD-PhD (with Harvard Medical School) and a joint program in oceanography with Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.[201][202][203][204]
Admission to graduate programs is decentralized; applicants apply directly to the department or degree program. More than 90% of doctoral students are supported by fellowships, research assistantships (RAs), or teaching assistantships (TAs).[205]
MIT Bootcamps
MIT Bootcamps are "intense week-long innovation and leadership programs".[206] MIT Bootcamp instructors include Eric von Hippel, Sanjay Sarma, Erdin Beshimov, and Bill Aulet.[207] MIT Bootcamps were founded by Erdin Beshimov.[208][209][210]
Rankings
MIT places among the top five in many overall rankings of universities (see table right) and rankings based on students' revealed preferences.[219][220][221] For several years, U.S. News & World Report, the QS World University Rankings, and the Academic Ranking of World Universities have ranked MIT's School of Engineering first, as did the 1995 National Research Council report.[222] In the same lists, MIT's strongest showings apart from in engineering are in computer science, the natural sciences, business, architecture, economics, linguistics, mathematics, and, to a lesser extent, political science and philosophy.[223]
Times Higher Education has recognized MIT as one of the world's "six super brands" on its World Reputation Rankings, along with Berkeley, Cambridge, Harvard, Oxford, and Stanford.[224] In 2019, it was ranked #3 among the universities around the world by SCImago Institutions Rankings.[225] In 2017, the Times Higher Education World University Rankings also rated MIT the #2 university for arts and humanities.[226][227] MIT was ranked #7 in 2015 and #6 in 2017 of the Nature Index Annual Tables, which measure the largest contributors to papers published in 82 leading journals.[228][229][230] Georgetown University researchers ranked MIT #3 in the US for 20-year return on investment.[231]
Collaborations
The university historically pioneered research and training collaborations between academia, industry and government.[232][233] In 1946, President Compton, Harvard Business School professor Georges Doriot, and Massachusetts Investor Trust chairman Merrill Grisswold founded American Research and Development Corporation, the first American venture-capital firm.[234][235] In 1948, Compton established the MIT Industrial Liaison Program.[236] Throughout the late 1980s and early 1990s, American politicians and business leaders accused MIT and other universities of contributing to a declining economy by transferring taxpayer-funded research and technology to international – especially Japanese – firms that were competing with struggling American businesses.[237][238] On the other hand, MIT's extensive collaboration with the federal government on research projects has led to several MIT leaders serving as presidential scientific advisers since 1940.[lower-alpha 4] MIT established a Washington Office in 1991 to continue effective lobbying for research funding and national science policy.[240][241]
The US Justice Department began an investigation in 1989, and in 1991 filed an antitrust suit against MIT, the eight Ivy League colleges, and eleven other institutions for allegedly engaging in price-fixing during their annual "Overlap Meetings", which were held to prevent bidding wars over promising prospective students from consuming funds for need-based scholarships.[242][243] While the Ivy League institutions settled,[244] MIT contested the charges, arguing that the practice was not anti-competitive because it ensured the availability of aid for the greatest number of students.[245][246] MIT ultimately prevailed when the Justice Department dropped the case in 1994.[247][248]
MIT's proximity[lower-alpha 5] to Harvard University ("the other school up the river") has led to a substantial number of research collaborations such as the Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology and the Broad Institute.[249] In addition, students at the two schools can cross-register for credits toward their own school's degrees without any additional fees.[249] A cross-registration program between MIT and Wellesley College has also existed since 1969, and in 2002 the Cambridge–MIT Institute launched an undergraduate exchange program between MIT and the University of Cambridge.[249] MIT also has a long-term partnership with Imperial College London, for both student exchanges and research collaboration.[250][251] More modest cross-registration programs have been established with Boston University, Brandeis University, Tufts University, Massachusetts College of Art, and the School of the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston.[249]
MIT maintains substantial research and faculty ties with independent research organizations in the Boston area, such as the Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, the Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.[204] Ongoing international research and educational collaborations include the Amsterdam Institute for Advanced Metropolitan Solutions (AMS Institute),[252] Singapore-MIT Alliance, MIT-Politecnico di Milano,[249][253] MIT-Zaragoza International Logistics Program, and projects in other countries through the MIT International Science and Technology Initiatives (MISTI) program.[249][254]
The mass-market magazine Technology Review is published by MIT through a subsidiary company, as is a special edition that also serves as an alumni magazine.[255][256] The MIT Press is a major university press, publishing over 200 books and 30 journals annually, emphasizing science and technology as well as arts, architecture, new media, current events, and social issues.[257]
MIT Microphotonics Center and PhotonDelta founded the global roadmap for integrated photonics: Integrated Photonics Systems Roadmap – International (IPSR-I). The first edition has been published in 2020. The roadmap is an amalgamation of two previously independent roadmaps: the IPSR roadmap of MIT Microphotonics Center and AIM Photonics in the United States, and the WTMF (World Technology Mapping Forum) of PhotonDelta in Europe.[258] In 2022, Open Philanthropy donated $13,277,348 to MIT to study potential risks from AI.[259]
Libraries, collections, and museums
The MIT library system consists of five subject libraries: Barker (Engineering), Dewey (Economics), Hayden (Humanities and Science), Lewis (Music), and Rotch (Arts and Architecture). There are also various specialized libraries and archives. The libraries contain more than 2.9 million printed volumes, 2.4 million microforms, 49,000 print or electronic journal subscriptions, and 670 reference databases. The past decade has seen a trend of increased focus on digital over print resources in the libraries.[260] Notable collections include the Lewis Music Library with an emphasis on 20th and 21st-century music and electronic music,[261] the List Visual Arts Center's rotating exhibitions of contemporary art,[262] and the Compton Gallery's cross-disciplinary exhibitions.[263] MIT allocates a percentage of the budget for all new construction and renovation to commission and support its extensive public art and outdoor sculpture collection.[264][265]
The MIT Museum was founded in 1971 and collects, preserves, and exhibits artifacts significant to the culture and history of MIT. The museum now engages in significant educational outreach programs for the general public, including the annual Cambridge Science Festival, the first celebration of this kind in the United States. Since 2005, its official mission has been, "to engage the wider community with MIT's science, technology and other areas of scholarship in ways that will best serve the nation and the world in the 21st century".[266]
Research
MIT was elected to the Association of American Universities in 1934 and is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity";[48][167] research expenditures totaled $952 million in 2017.[267] The federal government was the largest source of sponsored research, with the Department of Health and Human Services granting $255.9 million, Department of Defense $97.5 million, Department of Energy $65.8 million, National Science Foundation $61.4 million, and NASA $27.4 million.[268] MIT employs approximately 1300 researchers in addition to faculty.[269] In 2011, MIT faculty and researchers disclosed 632 inventions, were issued 153 patents, earned $85.4 million in cash income, and received $69.6 million in royalties.[270] Through programs like the Deshpande Center, MIT faculty leverage their research and discoveries into multi-million-dollar commercial ventures.[271]
In electronics, magnetic-core memory, radar, single-electron transistors, and inertial guidance controls were invented or substantially developed by MIT researchers.[272][273] Harold Eugene Edgerton was a pioneer in high-speed photography and sonar.[274][275] Claude E. Shannon developed much of modern information theory and discovered the application of Boolean logic to digital circuit design theory.[276] In the domain of computer science, MIT faculty and researchers made fundamental contributions to cybernetics, artificial intelligence, computer languages, machine learning, robotics, and cryptography.[273][277] At least nine Turing Award laureates and seven recipients of the Draper Prize in engineering have been or are currently associated with MIT.[278][279]
Current and previous physics faculty have won eight Nobel Prizes,[280] four ICTP Dirac Medals,[281] and three Wolf Prizes predominantly for their contributions to subatomic and quantum theory.[282] Members of the chemistry department have been awarded three Nobel Prizes and one Wolf Prize for the discovery of novel syntheses and methods.[280] MIT biologists have been awarded six Nobel Prizes for their contributions to genetics, immunology, oncology, and molecular biology.[280] Professor Eric Lander was one of the principal leaders of the Human Genome Project.[283][284] Positronium atoms,[285] synthetic penicillin,[286] synthetic self-replicating molecules,[287] and the genetic bases for Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (also known as ALS or Lou Gehrig's disease) and Huntington's disease were first discovered at MIT.[288] Jerome Lettvin transformed the study of cognitive science with his paper "What the frog's eye tells the frog's brain".[289] Researchers developed a system to convert MRI scans into 3D printed physical models.[290]
In the domain of humanities, arts, and social sciences, as of October 2019 MIT economists have been awarded seven Nobel Prizes and nine John Bates Clark Medals.[280][291] Linguists Noam Chomsky and Morris Halle authored seminal texts on generative grammar and phonology.[292][293] The MIT Media Lab, founded in 1985 within the School of Architecture and Planning and known for its unconventional research,[294][295] has been home to influential researchers such as constructivist educator and Logo creator Seymour Papert.[296]
Spanning many of the above fields, MacArthur Fellowships (the so-called "Genius Grants") have been awarded to 50 people associated with MIT.[297] Five Pulitzer Prize–winning writers currently work at or have retired from MIT.[298] Four current or former faculty are members of the American Academy of Arts and Letters.[299]
Allegations of research misconduct or improprieties have received substantial press coverage. Professor David Baltimore, a Nobel Laureate, became embroiled in a misconduct investigation starting in 1986 that led to Congressional hearings in 1991.[300][301] Professor Ted Postol has accused the MIT administration since 2000 of attempting to whitewash potential research misconduct at the Lincoln Lab facility involving a ballistic missile defense test, though a final investigation into the matter has not been completed.[302][303] Associate Professor Luk Van Parijs was dismissed in 2005 following allegations of scientific misconduct and found guilty of the same by the United States Office of Research Integrity in 2009.[304][305]
In 2019, Clarivate Analytics named 54 members of MIT's faculty to its list of "Highly Cited Researchers". That number places MIT eighth among the world's universities.[306]
Natural sciences
Oncogene – Robert Weinberg discovered genetic basis of human cancer.[307]
Reverse transcription – David Baltimore independently isolated, in 1970 at MIT, two RNA tumor viruses: R-MLV and again RSV.[308]
Thermal death time – Samuel Cate Prescott and William Lyman Underwood from 1895 to 1898. Done for canning of food. Applications later found useful in medical devices, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics.[309]
Electroweak interaction – Steven Weinberg proposed the electroweak unification theory, which gave rise to the modern formulation of the Standard Model, in 1967 at MIT.[310]
Computer and applied sciences
Akamai Technologies – Daniel Lewin and Tom Leighton developed a faster content delivery network, now one of the world's largest distributed computing platforms, responsible for serving between 15 and 30 percent of all web traffic.[311]
Cryptography – MIT researchers Ron Rivest, Adi Shamir and Leonard Adleman developed one of the first practical public-key cryptosystems, the RSA cryptosystem, and started a company, RSA Security.[312]
Digital circuits – Claude Shannon, while a master's degree student at MIT, developed the digital circuit design theory which paved the way for modern computers.[313]
Electronic ink – developed by Joseph Jacobson at MIT Media Lab.[314]
Emacs (text editor) – development began during the 1970s at the MIT AI Lab.[315]
Flight recorder (black box) – Charles Stark Draper developed the black box at MIT's Instrumentation Laboratory. That lab later made the Apollo Moon landings possible through the Apollo Guidance Computer it designed for NASA.[316]
GNU Project – Richard Stallman formally founded the free software movement in 1983 by launching the GNU Project at MIT.[317][318][319]
Julia (programming language) – Development was started in 2009, by Jeff Bezanson, Stefan Karpinski, Viral B. Shah, and Alan Edelman, all at MIT at that time, and continued with the contribution of a dedicated MIT Julia Lab[320]
Lisp (programming language) – John McCarthy invented Lisp at MIT in 1958.[321]
Lithium-ion battery efficiencies – Yet-Ming Chiang and his group at MIT showed a substantial improvement in the performance of lithium batteries by boosting the material's conductivity by doping it[322] with aluminium, niobium and zirconium.[323][324]
Macsyma, one of the oldest general-purpose computer algebra systems; the GPL-licensed version Maxima remains in wide use.[325]
MIT OpenCourseWare – the OpenCourseWare movement started in 1999 when the University of Tübingen in Germany published videos of lectures online for its timms initiative (Tübinger Internet Multimedia Server).[326] The OCW movement only took off, however, with the launch of MIT OpenCourseWare and the Open Learning Initiative at Carnegie Mellon University[327] in October 2002. The movement was soon reinforced by the launch of similar projects at Yale, Utah State University, the University of Michigan and the University of California Berkeley.[328]
Perdix micro-drone – autonomous drone that uses artificial intelligence to swarm with many other Perdix drones.[329]
Project MAC – groundbreaking research in operating systems, artificial intelligence, and the theory of computation. DARPA funded project.[330]
Radar – developed at MIT's Radiation Laboratory during World War II.[331]
SKETCHPAD – invented by Ivan Sutherland at MIT (presented in his PhD thesis). It pioneered the way for human–computer interaction (HCI).[332] Sketchpad is considered to be the ancestor of modern computer-aided design (CAD) programs as well as a major breakthrough in the development of computer graphics in general.[333]
VisiCalc – first spreadsheet computer program for personal computers, originally released for the Apple II by VisiCorp. MIT alumni Dan Bricklin and Bob Frankston rented time sharing at night on an MIT mainframe computer (that cost $1/hr for use).[334]
World Wide Web Consortium – founded in 1994 by Tim Berners-Lee, (W3C) is the main international standards organization for the World Wide Web[335]
X Window System – pioneering architecture-independent system for graphical user interfaces that has been widely used for Unix and Linux systems.[336]
Companies and entrepreneurship
MIT alumni and faculty have founded numerous companies, some of which are shown below:[337][338]
Analog Devices, 1965, co-founders Ray Stata, (SB, SM) and Matthew Lorber (SB)
BlackRock, 1988, co-founder Bennett Golub, (SB, SM, PhD)
Bose Corporation, 1964, founder Amar Bose (SB, PhD)
Buzzfeed, 2006, co-founder Jonah Peretti (SM)
Dropbox, 2007, founders Drew Houston (SB) and Arash Ferdowsi (drop-out)
Hewlett-Packard, 1939, co-founder William R. Hewlett (SM)
HuffPost, 2005, co-founder Jonah Peretti (SM)
Intel, 1968, co-founder Robert Noyce (PhD)
Khan Academy, 2008, founder Salman Khan (SB, SM)[339]
Koch Industries, 1940, founder Fred C. Koch (SB), sons William (SB, PhD), David (SB)
Qualcomm, 1985, co-founders Irwin M. Jacobs (SM, PhD) and Andrew Viterbi (SB, SM)
Raytheon, 1922, co-founder Vannevar Bush (DEng, Professor)
Renaissance Technologies, 1982, founder James Simons (SB)
Texas Instruments, 1930, founder Cecil Howard Green (SB, SM)
TSMC, 1987, founder Morris Chang (SB, SM)
VMware, 1998, co-founder Diane Greene (SM)
The faculty and student body place a high value on meritocracy and on technical proficiency.[340][341] MIT has never awarded an honorary degree,[342] nor does it award athletic scholarships,[343] ad eundem degrees,[citation needed] or Latin honors[344] upon graduation. However, MIT has twice awarded honorary professorships: to Winston Churchill in 1949 and Salman Rushdie in 1993.[345]
Many upperclass students and alumni wear a large, heavy, distinctive class ring known as the "Brass Rat".[346][347] Originally created in 1929, the ring's official name is the "Standard Technology Ring".[348] The undergraduate ring design (a separate graduate student version exists as well) varies slightly from year to year to reflect the unique character of the MIT experience for that class, but always features a three-piece design, with the MIT seal and the class year each appearing on a separate face, flanking a large rectangular bezel bearing an image of a beaver.[346] The initialism IHTFP, representing the informal school motto "I Hate This Fucking Place" and jocularly euphemized as "I Have Truly Found Paradise", "Institute Has The Finest Professors", "Institute of Hacks, TomFoolery and Pranks", "It's Hard to Fondle Penguins", and other variations, has occasionally been featured on the ring given its historical prominence in student culture.[349]
Caltech Rivalry
Main article: Caltech–MIT rivalry
MIT also shares a well-known rivalry with the California Institute of Technology (Caltech), stemming from both institutions' reputations as two of the highest ranked and most highly recognized science and engineering schools in the world.[350] The rivalry is an unusual college rivalry given its focus on academics and pranks instead of sports, and due to the geographic distance between the two (their campuses are separated by about 2580 miles and are on opposite coasts of the United States). In 2005, Caltech students pranked MIT's Campus Preview Weekend by distributing t-shirts that read "MIT" on the front, and "...because not everyone can go to Caltech" on the back.[351][352][353] Additionally, the word Massachusetts in the "Massachusetts Institute of Technology" engraving on the exterior of the Lobby 7 dome was covered with a banner so that it read "That Other Institute of Technology". In 2006, MIT retaliated by posing as contractors and stealing the 1.7-ton, 130-year-old Fleming cannon, a Caltech landmark. The cannon was relocated to Cambridge, where it was displayed in front of the Green Building during the 2006 Campus Preview Weekend.[354][355] In September 2010, MIT students unsuccessfully tried to place a life-sized model of the TARDIS time machine from the Doctor Who (1963–present) television series on top of Baxter Hall at Caltech. A few months later, Caltech students collaborated to help MIT students place the TARDIS on top of their originally planned destination.[356] The rivalry has continued, most recently in 2014, when a group of Caltech students gave out mugs sporting the MIT logo on the front and the words "The Institute of Technology" on the back. When heated, the mugs turned orange and read, "Caltech, The Hotter Institute of Technology".[357]
Activities
MIT has over 500 recognized student activity groups,[358] including a campus radio station, The Tech student newspaper, an annual entrepreneurship competition, a crime club, and weekly screenings of popular films by the Lecture Series Committee. Less traditional activities include the "world's largest open-shelf collection of science fiction" in English, a model railroad club, and a vibrant folk dance scene. Students, faculty, and staff are involved in over 50 educational outreach and public service programs through the MIT Museum, Edgerton Center, and MIT Public Service Center.[359]
Fraternities and sororities provide a base of activities in addition to housing. Approximately 1,000 undergrads, 48% of men and 30% of women, participate in one of several dozen Greek Life men's, women's and co-ed chapters on the campus.[360]
The Independent Activities Period is a four-week-long "term" offering hundreds of optional classes, lectures, demonstrations, and other activities throughout the month of January between the Fall and Spring semesters. Some of the most popular recurring IAP activities are Autonomous Robot Design (course 6.270), Robocraft Programming (6.370), and MasLab competitions,[361] the annual "mystery hunt",[362] and Charm School.[363][364] More than 250 students pursue externships annually at companies in the US and abroad.[365][366]
Many MIT students also engage in "hacking", which encompasses both the physical exploration of areas that are generally off-limits (such as rooftops and steam tunnels), as well as elaborate practical jokes.[367][368] Examples of high-profile hacks have included the abduction of Caltech's cannon,[369] reconstructing a Wright Flyer atop the Great Dome,[370] and adorning the John Harvard statue with the Master Chief's Mjölnir Helmet.[371]
Athletics
Main article: MIT Engineers
MIT sponsors 31 varsity sports and has one of the three broadest NCAA Division III athletic programs.[372][373] MIT participates in the NCAA's Division III, the New England Women's and Men's Athletic Conference, the New England Football Conference, NCAA's Division I Patriot League for women's crew, and the Collegiate Water Polo Association (CWPA) for Men's Water Polo. Men's crew competes outside the NCAA in the Eastern Association of Rowing Colleges (EARC). The intercollegiate sports teams, called the MIT Engineers won 22 Team National Championships, 42 Individual National Championships. MIT is the all-time Division III leader in producing Academic All-Americas (302) and rank second across all NCAA Divisions only behind the University of Nebraska.[374] MIT Athletes won 13 Elite 90 awards and ranks first among NCAA Division III programs, and third among all divisions.[375] In April 2009, budget cuts led to MIT eliminating eight of its 41 sports, including the mixed men's and women's teams in alpine skiing and pistol; separate teams for men and women in ice hockey and gymnastics; and men's programs in golf and wrestling.[376][377]
Students
More information Race and ethnicity, Total ...
Student body composition as of May 2, 2023 Race and ethnicity[378] Total Asian 34%34 White 22%22 Hispanic 15%15 Foreign national 11%11 Other[lower-alpha 6] 10%10 Black 8%8 Economic diversity Low-income[lower-alpha 7] 19%19 Affluent[lower-alpha 8] 81%81
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MIT enrolled 4,602 undergraduates and 6,972 graduate students in 2018–2019.[379] Undergraduate and graduate students came from all 50 US states as well as from 115 foreign countries.[380]
MIT received 33,240 applications for admission to the undergraduate Class of 2025: it admitted 1,365 (4.1 percent).[381] In 2019, 29,114 applications were received for graduate and advanced degree programs across all departments; 3,670 were admitted (12.6 percent) and 2,312 enrolled (63 percent).[382] In August 2024, after the U.S. Supreme Court overruled race-based affirmative action in Students for Fair Admissions v. Harvard (2023), the university reported that for the class of 2028, Black and Latino student enrollment decreased from previous averages to 5 and 11 percent, respectively, while Asian American enrollment increased to 47 percent.[383][384]
Undergraduate tuition and fees for 2019–2020 was $53,790 for nine months. 59% of students were awarded a need-based MIT scholarship. Graduate tuition and fees for 2019–2020 was also $53,790 for nine months, and summer tuition was $17,800. Financial support for graduate students are provided in large part by individual departments. They include fellowships, traineeships, teaching and research assistantships, and loans.[385] The annual increase in expenses had led to a student tradition (dating back to the 1960s) of tongue-in-cheek "tuition riots".[386]
MIT has been nominally co-educational since admitting Ellen Swallow Richards in 1870. Richards also became the first female member of MIT's faculty, specializing in sanitary chemistry.[387][388] Female students remained a small minority prior to the completion of the first wing of a women's dormitory, McCormick Hall, in 1963.[389][390][391] Between 1993 and 2009 the proportion of women rose from 34 percent to 45 percent of undergraduates and from 20 percent to 31 percent of graduate students.[173][392] As of 2009, women outnumbered men in Biology, Brain & Cognitive Sciences, Architecture, Urban Planning, and Biological Engineering.[173][393]
Faculty and staff
As of 2021, MIT had 1,069 faculty members.[4] Faculty are responsible for lecturing classes, for advising both graduate and undergraduate students, and for sitting on academic committees, as well as for conducting original research. Between 1964 and 2009 a total of seventeen faculty and staff members affiliated with MIT won Nobel Prizes (thirteen of them in the latter 25 years).[394] As of October 2020, 37 MIT faculty members, past or present, have won Nobel Prizes, the majority in Economics or Physics.[395]
As of October 2013, current faculty and teaching staff included 67 Guggenheim Fellows, 6 Fulbright Scholars, and 22 MacArthur Fellows.[4] Faculty members who have made extraordinary contributions to their research field as well as the MIT community are granted appointments as Institute Professors for the remainder of their tenures. Susan Hockfield, a molecular neurobiologist, served as MIT's president from 2004 to 2012. She was the first woman to hold the post.[396]
MIT faculty members have often been recruited to lead other colleges and universities. Founding faculty-member Charles W. Eliot became president of Harvard University in 1869, a post he would hold for 40 years, during which he wielded considerable influence both on American higher education and on secondary education. MIT alumnus and faculty member George Ellery Hale played a central role in the development of the California Institute of Technology (Caltech), and other faculty members have been key founders of Franklin W. Olin College of Engineering in nearby Needham, Massachusetts.
As of 2014 former provost Robert A. Brown served as president of Boston University; former provost Mark Wrighton is chancellor of Washington University in St. Louis; former associate provost Alice Gast is president of Lehigh University; and former professor Suh Nam-pyo is president of KAIST. Former dean of the School of Science Robert J. Birgeneau was the chancellor of the University of California, Berkeley (2004–2013); former professor John Maeda was president of Rhode Island School of Design (RISD, 2008–2013); former professor David Baltimore was president of Caltech (1997–2006); and MIT alumnus and former assistant professor Hans Mark served as chancellor of the University of Texas system (1984–1992).
In addition, faculty members have been recruited to lead governmental agencies; for example, former professor Marcia McNutt is president of the National Academy of Sciences,[397] urban studies professor Xavier de Souza Briggs served as the associate director of the White House Office of Management and Budget,[398] and biology professor Eric Lander was a co-chair of the President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology.[399] In 2013, faculty member Ernest Moniz was nominated by President Obama and later confirmed as United States Secretary of Energy.[400][401] Former professor Hans Mark served as Secretary of the Air Force from 1979 to 1981. Alumna and Institute Professor Sheila Widnall served as Secretary of the Air Force between 1993 and 1997, making her the first female Secretary of the Air Force and first woman to lead an entire branch of the US military in the Department of Defense. A 1999 report, met by promises of change by President Charles Vest, found that senior female faculty in the School of Science were often marginalized, and in return for equal professional accomplishments received reduced "salary, space, awards, resources, and response to outside offers".[402]
As of 2017, MIT was the second-largest employer in the city of Cambridge.[125] Based on feedback from employees, MIT was ranked No. 7 as a place to work, among US colleges and universities as of March 2013.[403] Surveys cited a "smart", "creative", "friendly" environment, noting that the work-life balance tilts towards a "strong work ethic" but complaining about "low pay" compared to an industry position.[404]
Notable alumni
Many of MIT's over 120,000 alumni have achieved considerable success in scientific research, public service, education, and business. As of October 2020, 41 MIT alumni have won Nobel Prizes, 48 have been selected as Rhodes Scholars,[405] 61 have been selected as Marshall Scholars,[406] and 3 have been selected as Mitchell Scholars.[407]
Alumni in United States politics and public service include former Chairman of the Federal Reserve Ben Bernanke, former MA-1 Representative John Olver, former CA-13 Representative Pete Stark, Representative Thomas Massie, Senator Alex Padilla, former National Economic Council chairman Lawrence H. Summers,[408] and former Council of Economic Advisers chairman Christina Romer. MIT alumni in international politics include Foreign Affairs Minister of Iran Ali Akbar Salehi, Education Minister of Nepal Sumana Shrestha, President of Colombia Virgilio Barco Vargas, President of the European Central Bank Mario Draghi,[409] former Governor of the Reserve Bank of India Raghuram Rajan, former British Foreign Minister David Miliband, former Greek Prime Minister Lucas Papademos, former UN Secretary General Kofi Annan, former Iraqi Deputy Prime Minister Ahmed Chalabi, former Minister of Education and Culture of The Republic of Indonesia Yahya Muhaimin, former Jordanian Minister of Education, Higher Education and Scientific Research and former Jordanian Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources Khaled Toukan. Alumni in sports have included Olympic fencing champion Johan Harmenberg. MIT alumni founded or co-founded many notable companies, such as Intel, McDonnell Douglas, Texas Instruments, 3Com, Qualcomm, Bose, Raytheon, Apotex, Koch Industries, Rockwell International, Genentech, Dropbox, and Campbell Soup. According to the British newspaper The Guardian, "a survey of living MIT alumni found that they have formed 25,800 companies, employing more than three million people including about a quarter of the workforce of Silicon Valley. Those firms collectively generate global revenues of about $1.9 trillion (£1.2 trillion) a year". If the companies founded by MIT alumni were a country, they would have the 11th-highest GDP of any country in the world.[410][411][412]
MIT alumni have led prominent institutions of higher education, including the University of California system, Harvard University, the New York Institute of Technology, Johns Hopkins University, Carnegie Mellon University, Tufts University, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rhode Island School of Design (RISD), UC Berkeley College of Environmental Design, the New Jersey Institute of Technology, Northeastern University, Tel Aviv University, Lahore University of Management Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Purdue University, Virginia Polytechnic Institute, KAIST, and Quaid-e-Azam University. Berklee College of Music, the largest independent college of contemporary music in the world, was founded and led by MIT alumnus Lawrence Berk for more than three decades.
More than one third of the United States' crewed spaceflights have included MIT-educated astronauts, a contribution exceeding that of any university excluding the United States service academies.[413] Of the 12 people who have set foot on the Moon as of 2019, four graduated from MIT (among them Apollo 11 Lunar Module Pilot Buzz Aldrin). Alumnus and former faculty member Qian Xuesen led the Chinese nuclear-weapons program and became instrumental in Chinese rocket-program.[414]
MIT alumni played a significant role in the creation of the Atomic Energy Commission and Department of Energy. Carroll Wilson (a student and professor at MIT) served as the first General Manager of the Atomic Energy Commission. John Deutch served as Under Secretary of Energy for President Carter; William F. Martin served as Deputy Secretary of Energy for Ronald Reagan and Ernest Moniz served as Secretary of Energy for President Obama. Indeed, modern post World War II history has been influenced by MIT and its alumni in the fields of nuclear energy and high energy physics.
Noted alumni in non-scientific fields include author Hugh Lofting,[415] sculptor Daniel Chester French, guitarist Tom Scholz of the band Boston, the British BBC and ITN correspondent and political advisor David Walter, The New York Times columnist and Nobel Prize-winning economist Paul Krugman, The Bell Curve author Charles Murray, United States Supreme Court building architect Cass Gilbert,[416] Pritzker Prize-winning architects I.M. Pei and Gordon Bunshaft.
Apollo 11 astronaut Buzz Aldrin, ScD 1963 (MIT Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics)
Former UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan, SM 1972 (MIT Sloan School of Management)
President of Colombia (1986–1990) Virgilio Barco Vargas, SB 1943 (MIT Civil and Environmental Engineering)
Former Federal Reserve Bank chairman and 2022 Nobel Laureate Ben Bernanke, PhD 1979 (MIT Department of Economics)
Economics Nobel laureate Esther Duflo, PhD 1999 (MIT Department of Economics), also an MIT professor[417]
Physicist and Nobel laureate Richard Feynman, SB 1939 (MIT Department of Physics)[418]
Astronaut and USAF Colonel Michael Fincke, SB 1989 (MIT Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics), SB 1989 (MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences)
Sculptor Daniel Chester French, Did not graduate
Economics Nobel laureate Paul Krugman, PhD 1977 (MIT Department of Economics)
Space Shuttle Challenger astronaut and physicist Ronald McNair, PhD 1976 (MIT Department of Physics)
Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, SB 1975 (MIT Architecture), SM 1976 (MIT Sloan School of Management)
Architect I. M. Pei, BArch 1940 (MIT Architecture)
Claude Shannon, PhD 1940 (MIT Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science)
CEO of General Motors Alfred P. Sloan, SB 1895 (MIT Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science)
"Boston" guitarist Tom Scholz, SB 1969, SM 1970 (MIT Department of Mechanical Engineering)
Astronaut and engineer Mike Massimino, PhD 1992 (MIT Department of Mechanical Engineering)
Chemist and Nobel laureate Robert Burns Woodward, SB 1936, PhD 1937[419]
Massachusetts Institute of Technology School of Engineering
Whitehead Institute
Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard
Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research
The Coop, campus bookstore
The friezes of the marble-clad buildings surrounding Killian Court are carved in large Roman letters with the names of Aristotle, Newton, Pasteur, Lavoisier, Faraday, Archimedes, da Vinci, Darwin, and Copernicus; each of these names is surmounted by a cluster of appropriately related names in smaller letters. Lavoisier, for example, is placed in the company of Boyle, Cavendish, Priestley, Dalton, Gay Lussac, Berzelius, Woehler, Liebig, Bunsen, Mendelejeff [sic], Perkin, and van't Hoff.[133][134]
The Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology (HST) offers joint MD, MD-PhD, or Medical Engineering degrees in collaboration with Harvard Medical School.[158]
Course numbers are sometimes presented in Roman numerals, e.g. "Course XVIII" for mathematics.[173] At least one MIT style guide now discourages this usage.[174] Also, some Course numbers have been re-assigned over time, so that the subject area of a degree may depend on the year it was awarded.[171]
MIT's Building 7 and Harvard's Johnston Gate, the traditional entrances to each school, are 1.72mi (2.77km) apart along Massachusetts Avenue.
Other consists of Multiracial Americans & those who prefer to not say.
The percentage of students who received an income-based federal Pell Grant intended for low-income students.
The percentage of students who are a part of the American middle class at the bare minimum.
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] | null | [] | 2018-04-07T03:03:45+00:00 | Kofi Atta Annan (born 8 April 1938) is a Ghanaian diplomat who served as the seventh Secretary-General of the United Nations from January 1997 to December 2006. Annan and the UN were the co-recipient… | en | https://assets.tumblr.com/pop/manifest/favicon-0e3d244a.ico | Tumblr | https://www.tumblr.com/blackkudos/159332475807/kofi-annan | Kofi Atta Annan (born 8 April 1938) is a Ghanaian diplomat who served as the seventh Secretary-General of the United Nations from January 1997 to December 2006. Annan and the UN were the co-recipients of the 2001 Nobel Peace Prize. He is the founder and chairman of the Kofi Annan Foundation, as well as chairman of The Elders, an international organization founded by Nelson Mandela.
Born in Kumasi, Annan went on to study economics at Macalester College, international relations from the Graduate Institute Geneva and management at MIT. Annan joined the UN in 1962, working for the World Health Organization's Geneva office. He went on to work in several capacities at the UN Headquarters including serving as the Under-Secretary-General for peacekeeping between March 1992 and December 1996. He was appointed as the Secretary-General on 13 December 1996 by the Security Council, and later confirmed by the General Assembly, making him the first office holder to be elected from the UN staff itself. He was re-elected for a second term in 2001, and was succeeded as Secretary-General by Ban Ki-moon on 1 January 2007.
As the Secretary-General, Annan reformed the UN bureaucracy; worked to combat HIV, especially in Africa; and launched the UN Global Compact. He has been criticized for not expanding the Security Council and faced calls for resignation after an investigation into the Oil-for-Food Programme. After leaving the UN, he founded the Kofi Annan Foundation in 2007 to work on international development. In 2012, Annan was the UN–Arab League Joint Special Representative for Syria, to help find a resolution to ongoing conflict there. Annan quit after becoming frustrated with the UN's lack of progress with regard to conflict resolution. In September 2016, Annan was appointed to lead a UN commission to investigate the Rohingya crisis.
Early years and education
Kofi Annan was born in the Kofandros section of Kumasi in the Gold Coast (now Ghana) on 8 April 1938. His twin sister Efua Atta, who died in 1991, shared the middle name Atta, which in the Akan means 'twin'. Annan and his sister were born into one of the country's Ashanti and Fante aristocratic families; both of their grandfathers and their uncle were tribal chiefs.
In the Akan names tradition, some children are named according to the day of the week on which they were born, and/or in relation to how many children precede them. Kofi in Akan is the name that corresponds with Friday. Annan has said his surname rhymes with "cannon" in English.
From 1954 to 1957, Annan attended the elite Mfantsipim school, a Methodist boarding school in Cape Coast founded in the 1870s. Annan has said that the school taught him "that suffering anywhere concerns people everywhere". In 1957, the year Annan graduated from Mfantsipim, the Gold Coast gained independence from Britain and began using the name "Ghana".
In 1958, Annan began studying economics at the Kumasi College of Science and Technology, now the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology of Ghana. He received a Ford Foundation grant, enabling him to complete his undergraduate studies in economics at Macalester College in St. Paul, Minnesota, United States, in 1961. Annan then completed a diplôme d'études approfondies DEA degree in International Relations at The Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies in Geneva, Switzerland, from 1961–62. After some years of work experience, he studied at the MIT Sloan School of Management (1971–72) in the Sloan Fellows program and earned a master's degree in management.
Annan is fluent in English, French, Akan, some Kru languages and other African languages.
In 1962, Kofi Annan started working as a Budget Officer for the World Health Organization, an agency of the United Nations (UN). From 1974 to 1976, he worked as the Director of Tourism in Ghana. In 1980 he became the head of personnel for the office of the UN High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR) in Geneva. In 1983 he became the director of administrative management services of the UN Secretariat in New York. In the late 1980s, Annan was appointed as an Assistant Secretary-General of the UN in three consecutive positions: Human Resources, Management and Security Coordinator (1987–1990); Program Planning, Budget and Finance, and Controller (1990–1992); and Peacekeeping Operations (March 1993 – December 1996).
When Secretary General Boutros Boutros-Ghali established the Department of Peacekeeping Operations in 1992, Annan was appointed to the new department as Deputy to then Under Secretary-General Marrick Goulding. Annan was subsequently appointed to succeed Goulding and assumed the office of USG DPKO in March 1993. He was therefore Head of peacekeeping during the battle of Somalia and the resulting collapse of the UNOSOM II peacekeeping mission, and during the Rwandan Genocide of 1994.
In 2003 Canadian ex-General Roméo Dallaire, who was force commander of the United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda, claimed that Annan was overly passive in his response to the imminent genocide. In his book Shake Hands with the Devil: The Failure of Humanity in Rwanda (2003), General Dallaire asserted that Annan held back UN troops from intervening to settle the conflict, and from providing more logistical and material support. Dallaire claimed that Annan failed to provide responses to his repeated faxes asking for access to a weapons depository; such weapons could have helped Dallaire defend the endangered Tutsis. In 2004, ten years after the genocide in which an estimated 800,000 people were killed, Annan said, "I could and should have done more to sound the alarm and rally support."
In his book Interventions, a life in War and Peace, Annan again argued that DPKO could have made better use of the media to raise awareness of the violence in Rwanda and put pressure on governments to provide the troops necessary for an intervention. Annan explained that the events in Somalia and the collapse of the UNOSOM II mission fostered a hesitation amongst UN Member states to approve robust peacekeeping operations. As a result, when the UNAMIR mission was approved just days after the battle, the resulting force lacked the troop levels, resources and mandate to operate effectively.
Annan served as Under-Secretary-General from March 1994 to October 1995. He was appointed a Special Representative of the Secretary-General to the former Yugoslavia, serving for five months before returning to his duties as Under-Secretary-General in April 1996.
Secretary-General of the United Nations
Appointment
On 13 December 1996, the UN Security Council recommended Annan to replace the previous Secretary-General, Boutros Boutros-Ghali of Egypt, whose second term faced the veto of the United States. Confirmed four days later by the vote of the General Assembly, he started his first term as Secretary-General on 1 January 1997. He was reelected for a second term in 2001, which was unusual since this meant a third term for Africa. The Asian states did not protest, although it should have been their turn, because Annan was so popular among the UN member states and UN staff.
ActivitiesRecommendations for UN reform
Soon after taking office in 1997, Annan released two reports on management reform. On 17 March 1997, the report Management and Organisational Measures (A/51/829) introduced new management mechanisms through the establishment of a cabinet-style body to assist him and be grouping the UN's activities in accordance with four core missions. A comprehensive reform agenda was issued on 14 July 1997 entitled Renewing the United Nations: A Programme for Reform (A/51/950). Key proposals included the introduction of strategic management to strengthen unity of purpose, the establishment of the position of Deputy Secretary-General, a 10-percent reduction in posts, a reduction in administrative costs, the consolidation of the UN at the country level, and reaching out to civil society and the private sector as partners. Annan also proposed to hold a Millennium Summit in 2000. After years of research, Annan presented a progress report, In Larger Freedom, to the UN General Assembly, on 21 March 2005. Annan recommended Security Council expansion and a host of other UN reforms.
On 31 January 2006, Kofi Annan outlined his vision for a comprehensive and extensive reform of the UN in a policy speech to the United Nations Association UK. The speech, delivered at Central Hall, Westminster, also marked the 60th Anniversary of the first meetings of the General Assembly and Security Council.
7 March 2006, he presented to the General Assembly his proposals for a fundamental overhaul of the United Nations Secretariat. The reform report is entitled Investing in the United Nations, For a Stronger Organization Worldwide.
On 30 March 2006, he presented to the General Assembly his analysis and recommendations for updating the entire work programme of the United Nations Secretariat. The reform report is entitled: Mandating and Delivering: Analysis and Recommendations to Facilitate the Review of Mandates.
Regarding the UN Human Rights Council, Annan has said "declining credibility" had "cast a shadow on the reputation of the United Nations system. Unless we re-make our human rights machinery, we may be unable to renew public confidence in the United Nations itself." However, he does believe that, despite its flaws, the council can do good.
In March 2000, Annan appointed the Panel on United Nations Peace Operations to assess the shortcomings of the then existing system and to make specific and realistic recommendations for change. The panel was composed of individuals experienced in conflict prevention, peacekeeping and peacebuilding. The report it produced, which became known as the Brahimi Report, after Chair of the Panel Lakhdar Brahimi, called for:
renewed political commitment on the part of Member States;
significant institutional change;
increased financial support.
The Panel further noted that in order to be effective, UN peacekeeping operations must be properly resourced and equipped, and operate under clear, credible and achievable mandates. In a letter transmitting the report to the General Assembly and Security Council, Annan stated that the Panel's recommendations were "essential to make the United Nations truly credible as a force for peace." Later that same year, the Security Council adopted several provisions relating to peacekeeping following the report, in Resolution 1327.
Millennium Development Goals
In 2000, ahead of the Millennium Summit, Annan issued a report entitled "We the peoples: the role of the United Nations in the 21st century". The report argued that the significant geopolitical evolutions and increased globalization experienced over the previous 50 years required the United Nations to reassess and transform the way it operates. The report called for member states to "put people at the centre of everything we do. No calling is more noble, and no responsibility greater, than that of enabling men, women and children, in cities and villages around the world, to make their lives better."
In the final chapter of the report, Annan drew on the findings of earlier work by the UN, The World Bank, the IMF and OECD, and identified priority areas on which the UN should focus in order to "free our fellow men and women from the abject and dehumanizing poverty in which more than 1 billion of them are currently confined" These served as the basis for the subsequent Millennium Development Goals, which were developed with additional input from the Millennium Forum, a group comprised 1,000 non-governmental and civil society organizations from more than 100 countries .
At the end of the Millennium Summit, delegates adopted the Millennium Declaration, in which they committed to a new global partnership to reduce extreme poverty and set out a series of time-bound targets which subsequently become known as the Millennium Development Goals.
United Nations Information Technology Service (UNITeS)
Within the "We the Peoples" document, Annan suggested the establishment of a United Nations Information Technology Service (UNITeS), a consortium of high-tech volunteer corps, including NetCorps Canada and Net Corps America, which United Nations Volunteers would coordinate. In the Report of the high-level panel of experts on information and communication technology (22 May 2000) suggesting a UN ICT Task Force, the panel welcomed the establishment of UNITeS, and made suggestions on its configuration and implementation strategy, including that ICT4D volunteering opportunities make mobilizing "national human resources" (local ICT experts) within developing countries a priority, for both men and women. The initiative was launched at the United Nations Volunteers and was active from February 2001 to February 2005. Initiative staff and volunteers participated in the World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS) in Geneva in December 2003.
The United Nations Global Compact
In an address to The World Economic Forum on 31 January 1999, then Secretary General Annan argued that the "goals of the United Nations and those of business can, indeed, be mutually supportive" and proposed that the private sector and the United Nations initiate "a global compact of shared values and principles, which will give a human face to the global market."
On 26 July 2000, the United Nations Global Compact was officially launched at UN headquarters in New York. It is a principle-based framework for businesses which aims to "Catalyse actions in support of broader UN goals, such as the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)." The Compact established ten core principles in the areas of human rights, labour, the environment and anti-corruption, and under the Compact, companies commit to the ten principles and are brought together with UN agencies, labour groups and civil society to effectively implement them.
Establishment of The Global Fund
Towards the end of the 1990s, increased awareness of the destructive potential of epidemics such as HIV/AIDS pushed public health issues to the top of the global development agenda. In April 2001, Annan issued a five-point "Call to Action" to address the HIV/AIDS pandemic. Stating it was a "personal priority", Annan proposed the establishment of a Global AIDS and Health Fund, "dedicated to the battle against HIV/AIDS and other infectious diseases" to stimulate the increased international spending needed to help developing countries confront the HIV/AIDS crisis. In June of that year, the General Assembly of the United Nations committed to the creation of such a fund during a special session on AIDS, and the permanent secretariat of the Global Fund was subsequently established in June 2002.
Responsibility to Protect
Following the failure of Annan and the International Community to intervene in the genocide in Rwanda and in Srebrenica, Annan asked whether the international community had an obligation in such situations to intervene to protect civilian populations. In a speech to the General Assembly in September 1999 "to address the prospects for human security and intervention in the next century," Annan argued that individual sovereignty- the protections afforded by the Declaration of Human Rights and the Charter of the UN, were being strengthened, while the notion of state sovereignty was being redefined by globalization and international cooperation. As a result, the UN and its Member States had to re-consider their willingness to act to prevent conflict and civilian suffering.
In September 2001 the Canadian government established an ad-hoc committee to address this balance between State sovereignty and humanitarian intervention. The International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty published its final report in 2001, which focused not on the right of states to intervene but on a responsibility to protect populations at risk. The report moved beyond the question of military intervention, arguing that a range of diplomatic and humanitarian actions could also be utilized to protect civilian populations.
In 2005, Annan included the doctrine of ‘Responsibility to Protect’ in his report 'Larger Freedom'. when that report was endorsed by the UN General Assembly, it amounted to the first formal endorsement by UN Member States of the doctrine of Responsibility to Protect.
Iraq
In the years after 1998 when UNSCOM was kicked out by the government of Saddam Hussein and during the Iraq disarmament crisis, in which the United States blamed UNSCOM and former IAEA director Hans Blix for failing to properly disarm Iraq, Scott Ritter the former UNSCOM chief weapons inspector, blamed Annan for being slow and ineffective in enforcing Security Council resolutions on Iraq and was overtly submissive to the demands of the Clinton administration for regime removal and inspection of sites, often Presidential palaces, that were not mandated in any resolution and were of questionable intelligence value, which severely hampered UNSCOM's ability to cooperate with the Iraqi government and contributed to their expulsion from the country. Ritter also claimed that Annan regularly interfered with the work of the inspectors and diluted the chain of command by trying to micromanage all of the activities of UNSCOM, which caused intelligence processing (and the resulting inspections) to be backed up and caused confusion with the Iraqis as to who was in charge and as a result, they generally refused to take orders from Ritter or Rolf Ekéus without explicit approval from Annan, which could have taken days, if not weeks. He later believed that Annan was oblivious to the fact the Iraqis took advantage of this in order to delay inspections. He claimed that on one occasion, Annan refused to implement a no-notice inspection of the SSO headquarters and instead tried to negotiate access, but the negotiation ended up taking nearly six weeks, giving the Iraqis more than enough time to clean out the site.
During the build-up to the 2003 invasion of Iraq, Annan called on the United States and the United Kingdom not to invade without the support of the United Nations. In a September 2004 interview on the BBC, when questioned about the legal authority for the invasion, Annan said he believed it was not in conformity with the UN charter and was illegal.
Other diplomatic activities
In 1998, Annan was deeply involved in supporting the transition from military to civilian rule in Nigeria. The following year, he supported the efforts of East Timor to secure independence from Indonesia. In 2000, he was responsible for certifying Israel 's withdrawal from Lebanon, and in 2006, he led talks in New York between the presidents of Cameroon and Nigeria which led to a settlement of the dispute between the two countries over the Bakassi peninsula.
Annan and Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad disagreed sharply on Iran's nuclear program, on an Iranian exhibition of cartoons mocking the Holocaust, and on the then upcoming International Conference to Review the Global Vision of the Holocaust, an Iranian Holocaust denial conference in 2006. During a visit to Iran instigated by continued Iranian uranium enrichment, Annan said "I think the tragedy of the Holocaust is an undeniable historical fact and we should really accept that fact and teach people what happened in World War II and ensure it is never repeated."
Annan supported sending a UN peacekeeping mission to Darfur, Sudan. He worked with the government of Sudan to accept a transfer of power from the African Union peacekeeping mission to a UN one. Annan also worked with several Arab and Muslim countries on women's rights and other topics.
Beginning in 1998, Annan convened an annual UN "Security Council Retreat" with the 15 States' representatives of the Council. It was held at the Rockefeller Brothers Fund (RBF) Conference Center at the Rockefeller family estate at Pocantico, and was sponsored by both the RBF and the UN.
Lubbers sexual-harassment investigation
In June 2004, Annan was given a copy of the Office of Internal Oversight Services (OIOS) report on the complaint brought by four female workers against Ruud Lubbers, UN High Commissioner for Refugees for sexual harassment, abuse of authority, and retaliation. The report also reviewed a long-serving staff member's allegations of sexual harassment and misconduct against Werner Blatter, Director of UNHCR Personnel. The investigation found Lubbers guilty of sexual harassment; no mention was made publicly of the other charge against a senior official, or two subsequent complaints filed later that year. In the course of the official investigation, Lubbers wrote a letter which some considered was a threat to the female worker who had brought the charges. On 15 July 2004, Annan cleared Lubbers of the accusations, saying they were not substantial enough legally. His decision held until November 2004. When the OIOS issued its annual report to the UN General Assembly, it stated that it had found Lubbers guilty of sexual harassment. These events were widely reported and weakened Annan's influence.
On 17 November 2004, Annan accepted an OIOS report clearing Dileep Nair, UN Under-Secretary-General for Internal Oversight Services, of political corruption and sexual harassment charges. Some UN staff in New York disagreed with this conclusion, leading to extended debate on 19 November.
The internal UN-OIOS report on Lubbers was leaked, and sections accompanied by an article by Kate Holt were published in a British newspaper. In February 2005, he resigned as head of the UN refugee agency. Lubbers said he wanted to relieve political pressure on Annan.
Oil-for-Food scandal
In December 2004, reports surfaced that the Secretary-General's son Kojo Annan received payments from the Swiss company Cotecna Inspection SA, which had won a lucrative contract under the UN Oil-for-Food Program. Kofi Annan called for an investigation to look into the allegations.
Annan appointed the Independent Inquiry Committee, which was led by former US Federal Reserve Chairman Paul Volcker, then the director of the United Nations Association of the US. In his first interview with the Inquiry Committee, Annan denied having had a meeting with Cotecna. Later in the inquiry, he recalled that he had met with Cotecna's chief executive Elie-Georges Massey twice. In a final report issued on 27 October, the committee found insufficient evidence to indict Kofi Annan on any illegal actions, but did find fault with Benon Sevan, a Turkish-Cypriot national who had worked for the UN for about 40 years. Appointed by Annan to the Oil-For-Food role, Sevan repeatedly asked Iraqis for allocations of oil to the African Middle East Petroleum Company. Sevan's behavior was "ethically improper", Volcker said to reporters. Sevan repeatedly denied the charges and argued that he was being made a "scapegoat". The Volcker report was highly critical of the UN management structure and the Security Council oversight. It strongly recommended a new position be established of Chief Operating Officer (COO), to handle the fiscal and administrative responsibilities than under the Secretary General's office. The report listed the companies, both Western and Middle Eastern, that benefited illegally from the program.
Nobel Peace Prize
In 2001, its centennial year, the Nobel Committee decided that the Peace Prize was to be divided between the UN and Annan. He was awarded the Peace Prize for having revitalized the UN and for having given priority to human rights. The Nobel Committee also recognized his commitment to the struggle to containing the spread of HIV in Africa and his declared opposition to international terrorism.
Relations between the United States and the United Nations
Kofi Annan supported his deputy Secretary-General Mark Malloch Brown, who openly criticized the United States in a speech on 6 June 2006: "[T]he prevailing practice of seeking to use the UN almost by stealth as a diplomatic tool while failing to stand up for it against its domestic critics is simply not sustainable. You will lose the UN one way or another. [...] [That] the US is constructively engaged with the UN [...] is not well known or understood, in part because much of the public discourse that reaches the US heartland has been largely abandoned to its loudest detractors such as Rush Limbaugh and Fox News." Malloch later said his talk was a "sincere and constructive critique of U.S. policy toward the U.N. by a friend and admirer."
The talk was unusual because it violated unofficial policy of not having top officials publicly criticize member nations. The interim US ambassador John R. Bolton, appointed by President George W. Bush, was reported to have told Annan on the phone: "I've known you since 1989 and I'm telling you this is the worst mistake by a senior UN official that I have seen in that entire time." Observers from other nations supported Malloch's view that conservative politicians in the US prevented many citizens from understanding the benefits of US involvement in the UN.
UN Resolution 61/225: World Diabetes Day
Kofi Annan witnessed the United Nations General Assembly's passage of UN Resolution 61/225, to establish World Diabetes Day. The Resolution was the second UN General Assembly Resolution on a health-related issue (the other being HIV/AIDS). Resolution 61/225 is the only Health-related UN Resolution to pass by consensus. Sponsored by the Republic of South Africa and Bangladesh, the Resolution was passed on 20 December 2006.
UN Resolution 60/7: International Holocaust Remembrance day
Annan also witnessed the establishment of International Holocaust Remembrance Day, designated by the UN General Assembly on 1 November 2005 during the 42nd plenary session. The Resolution urges every member nation of the UN to honor the memory of Holocaust victims, and encourages the development of educational programs about Holocaust history to help prevent future acts of genocide. It rejects any denial of the Holocaust as an event and condemns all manifestations of religious intolerance, incitement, harassment or violence against persons or communities based on ethnic origin or religious belief. International Holocaust Remembrance day is celebrated on 27 January, the day Soviet troops liberated Auschwitz-Birkenau, the largest Nazi camp.
Farewell addresses
On 19 September 2006, Annan gave a farewell address to world leaders gathered at the UN headquarters in New York, in anticipation of his retirement on 31 December. In the speech he outlined three major problems of "an unjust world economy, world disorder, and widespread contempt for human rights and the rule of law", which he believes "have not resolved, but sharpened" during his time as Secretary-General. He also pointed to violence in Africa, and the Arab–Israeli conflict as two major issues warranting attention.
On 11 December 2006, in his final speech as Secretary-General, delivered at the Harry S. Truman Presidential Library in Independence, Missouri, Annan recalled Truman's leadership in the founding of the United Nations. He called for the United States to return to President Truman's multilateralist foreign policies, and to follow Truman's credo that "the responsibility of the great states is to serve and not dominate the peoples of the world". He also said that the United States must maintain its commitment to human rights, "including in the struggle against terrorism."
Post-UN career
Following his two terms as Secretary General, Annan was immediately suggested as a candidate to become Ghana's next President.
Kofi Annan Foundation
In 2007, Kofi Annan established the Kofi Annan Foundation, an independent, not-for profit organization which works to promote better global governance and strengthen the capacities of people and countries to achieve a fairer, more peaceful world.
The Foundation believes that fair and peaceful societies rest on three pillars: Peace and Security, Sustainable Development and Human Rights and the Rule of Law, and they have made it their mission to mobilise the leadership and the political resolve needed to tackle threats to these three pillars ranging from violent conflict to flawed elections and climate change, with the aim of achieving a fairer, more peaceful world.
The Foundation provides the analytical, communication and co-ordination capacities needed to ensure that these objectives are achieved. Kofi Annan's contribution to peace worldwide is delivered through mediation, political mentoring, advocacy and advice. Through his engagement, Kofi Annan aims to strengthen local and international conflict resolution capabilities. The Foundation provides the analytical and logistical support to facilitate this in co-operation with relevant local, regional and international actors. The Foundation is guided by the following values and principles:
"The primacy of dialogue, tolerance and reconciliation as instruments for building and preserving peace within communities and between countries.
Respect for the rule of law and human rights as the foundations of good governance and democratic accountability.
The need to reduce hunger and poverty, and promote equality of opportunity to alleviate human suffering.
The Foundation is prepared to take timely action on important and pressing issues based on careful research and analysis.
The Foundation is non-partisan and serves as a neutral actor in conflict resolution activities.
The Foundation works in close cooperation with other organizations, public or private, with proven competencies in order to advance its mission.
The Foundation does not duplicate the effective efforts of others and only acts when there is a clear added value.
The Foundation is an independent, not-for-profit organization under Swiss law.
The Foundation is funded by a mix of public and private donors. Particular care is given to ensure that funding sources are beyond reproach and that contributions are politically untied."
The Foundation works mainly through private diplomacy, where Kofi Annan provides informal counsel and participates in discreet diplomatic initiatives to avert or resolve crises by applying his unique experience and inspirational leadership. He is often asked to intercede in crises, sometimes as an impartial independent mediator, sometimes as a special envoy of the international community. In recent years he has provided such counsel to Burkina Faso, Kenya, Myanmar, Senegal, Syria/Iraq and Colombia.
KNDR
Following the outbreak of violence during the 2007 Presidential elections in Kenya, the African Union established a Panel of Eminent African Personalities to assist in finding a peaceful solution to the crisis.
The panel, headed by Annan, managed to convince the two principal parties to the conflict, President Mwai Kibaki’s Party of National Unity (PNU) and Raila Odinga’s Orange Democratic Movement (ODM), to participate in the Kenya National Dialogue and Reconciliation Process (KNDR). Over the course of 41 days of negotiations, several agreements regarding taking actions to stop the violence and remedying its consequences were signed. On 28 February President Mwai Kibaki and Raila Odinga signed a coalition government agreement. Kofi Annan and was widely lauded by many Kenyans for this landmark achievement.
Joint Special Envoy for Syria
On 23 February 2012, Annan was appointed as the UN-Arab League envoy to Syria, in an attempt to end the civil war taking place. He developed a six-point plan for peace:
commit to work with the Envoy in an inclusive Syrian-led political process to address the legitimate aspirations and concerns of the Syrian people, and, to this end, commit to appoint an empowered interlocutor when invited to do so by the Envoy;
commit to stop the fighting and achieve urgently an effective United Nations supervised cessation of armed violence in all its forms by all parties to protect civilians and stabilise the country.To this end, the Syrian government should immediately cease troop movements towards, and end the use of heavy weapons in, population centres, and begin pullback of military concentrations in and around population centres.As these actions are being taken on the ground, the Syrian government should work with the Envoy to bring about a sustained cessation of armed violence in all its forms by all parties with an effective United Nations supervision mechanism.Similar commitments would be sought by the Envoy from the opposition and all relevant elements to stop the fighting and work with him to bring about a sustained cessation of armed violence in all its forms by all parties with an effective United Nations supervision mechanism;
ensure timely provision of humanitarian assistance to all areas affected by the fighting, and to this end, as immediate steps, to accept and implement a daily two-hour humanitarian pause and to coordinate exact time and modalities of the daily pause through an efficient mechanism, including at local level;
intensify the pace and scale of release of arbitrarily detained persons, including especially vulnerable categories of persons, and persons involved in peaceful political activities, provide without delay through appropriate channels a list of all places in which such persons are being detained, immediately begin organizing access to such locations and through appropriate channels respond promptly to all written requests for information, access or release regarding such persons;
ensure freedom of movement throughout the country for journalists and a non-discriminatory visa policy for them;
respect freedom of association and the right to demonstrate peacefully as legally guaranteed.
On 2 August, he resigned as UN and Arab League joint special envoy to Syria, citing the intransigence of both the Assad government and the rebels, as well as the stalemate on the Security Council as preventing any peaceful resolution of the situation. He also stated that the lack of international unity and ineffective diplomacy among the world leaders has made the peaceful resolution in Syria an impossible task.
Global Commission on Elections, Democracy and Security
Annan served as the Chair of the Global Commission on Elections, Democracy and Security. The Commission was launched in May 2011 as a joint initiative of the Kofi Annan Foundation and the International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance. It comprised 12 eminent individuals from around the world, including Ernesto Zedillo, Martti Ahtisaari, Madeleine Albright and Amartya Sen, and aimed to highlight the importance of the integrity of elections to achieving a more secure, prosperous and stable world. The Commission released its final report: Democracy, a Strategy to Improve the Integrity of Elections Worldwide, in September 2012.
Other activities
Annan serves as Chair of The Elders, a group of independent global leaders who work together on peace and human rights issues. In November 2008, Annan and fellow Elders Jimmy Carter and Graça Machel attempted to travel to Zimbabwe to make a first-hand assessment of the humanitarian situation in the country. Refused entry, the Elders instead carried out their assessment from Johannesburg, where they met Zimbabwe- and South Africa-based leaders from politics, business, international organisations and civil society. In May 2011, following months of political violence in Côte d'Ivoire, Annan travelled to the country with Elders Desmond Tutu and Mary Robinson to encourage national reconciliation. On 16 October 2014, Kofi Annan attended the One Young World Summit in Dublin. During a session with fellow Elder Mary Robinson, Kofi Annan encouraged 1,300 young leaders from 191 countries to lead on intergenerational issues such as climate change and the need for action to take place now, not tomorrow. During the Summit he told leaders from 191 countries that addressing the effects of climate change was a general issue, for both the young and old.
“We don’t have to wait to act. The action must be now. You will come across people who think we should start tomorrow. Even for those who believe action should begin tomorrow, remind them tomorrow beings now, tomorrow beings today, so lets all move forward."
Annan currently serves on the board of directors of the United Nations Foundation, a public charity created in 1998 with entrepreneur and philanthropist Ted Turner's historic $1 billion USD gift to support UN causes. The UN Foundation builds and implements public-private partnerships to address the world's most pressing problems, and broadens support for the UN.
Annan chairs the Africa Progress Panel (APP), a group of ten distinguished individuals who advocate at the highest levels for equitable and sustainable development in Africa. As Chair, he facilitates coalition building to leverage and broker knowledge, in addition to convening decision-makers to influence policy and create lasting change in Africa. Every year, the Panel releases a report, the Africa Progress Report, that outlines an issue of immediate importance to the continent and suggests a set of associated policies. In 2014, the Africa Progress Report highlighted the potential of African fisheries, agriculture and forests to drive economic development. The 2015 report explores the role of climate change and the potential of renewable energy investments in determining Africa's economic future.
Kofi Annan was appointed the Chancellor of the University of Ghana in 2008.
In May 2009 Annan became a global fellow of the School of International and Public Affairs of Columbia University. The Global Fellows program brings students together with global practitioners to share firsthand knowledge of experiences in the life of an international or public figure. He is also a fellow of The Committee on Global Thought appointed by the University.
On 2 September 2009, Annan was unveiled as the first Li Ka Shing Professor at the Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy of the National University of Singapore (NUS). The announcement was made during the school's 5th anniversary celebrations.
On 7 October 2010, Annan was appointed to the Board of Directors of the Global Center for Pluralism, Canada’s new international research and education center dedicated to the study and practice of pluralism worldwide. The Global Center for Pluralism is an initiative of His Highness the Aga Khan in partnership with the Government of Canada. The Center is located in Ottawa, Canada. Dedicated to the creation of successful societies, the Center is founded on the premise that tolerance, openness and understanding towards the cultures, social structures, values and faiths of other peoples are essential to the very survival of an interdependent world. Pluralism is no longer simply an asset or a prerequisite for progress and development.
Memoir
On 4 September 2012, Annan published his memoir, Interventions: A Life in War and Peace, written with Nader Mousavizadeh, ISBN 978-159420420-3. The book is described as a personal biography of so-called global statecraft.
Personal life
In 1965 Kofi Annan married Titi Alakija, a Nigerian woman from a well-to-do family. Several years later they had a daughter, Ama, and later a son, Kojo. The couple separated in the late 1970s. In 1984, Annan married Nane Lagergren, a Swedish lawyer at the U.N. and the niece of Raoul Wallenberg. Mr Annan also had a loyal and long serving chauffeur John Miller (Mr Miller) who still is a close friend and confidant to Kofi and his son Kojo. | ||||
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Who Was Kofi Annan?
Kofi Annan was born into an aristocratic family in Ghana and he attended a number of schools and colleges, studying international relations in the United States and Switzerland. He became an international civil servant working for the United Nations in 1962. He went on to become the U.N. secretary-general and later a special envoy to Syria. Annan died on August 18, 2018 in Switzerland at the age of 80.
Early Life and Education
Former United Nations Secretary-General Kofi Atta Annan was born within minutes of his twin sister, Efua Atta, on April 8, 1938, in Kumasi, Ghana. The grandchild and nephew of three tribal chiefs, Annan was raised in one of Ghana's aristocratic families.
In his mid-teens, Annan attended an elite Methodist boarding school called Mfantsipim, where he learned that "suffering anywhere concerns people everywhere." Upon Annan's graduation from the school in 1957, Ghana gained independence from Britain; it was the first British African colony to do so. "It was an exciting period," Annan once told The New York Times. "People of my generation, having seen the changes that took place in Ghana, grew up thinking all was possible."
Annan went on to pursue higher education, attending four different colleges: Kumasi College of Science and Technology, now the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology; Macalester College in St. Paul, Minnesota; Graduate Institute of International Studies in Geneva, Switzerland; and the MIT Sloan School of Management in Cambridge, Massachusetts. He earned a number of degrees, including a Master of Science, and studied international relations. Annan, whose native language is Akan, also became fluent in English, French, some Kru languages and other African languages.
Career with the United Nations
Annan's career with the United Nations began in 1962, when he got a job working as a budget officer for the World Health Organization, a U.N. agency. Annan has been an international civil servant ever since, with the exception of a short break from 1974 to 1976, when he worked as the director of tourism in Ghana.
For a nine-year period from 1987 to 1996, Annan was appointed to serve as an assistant secretary-general in three consecutive positions: Human Resources, Management and Security Coordinator; Program Planning, Budget and Finance, and Controller; and Peacekeeping Operations. While he served in that last capacity, the Rwandan genocide took place. Canadian ex-General Roméo Dallaire, who has been the force commander of the United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda, accused Annan of being overly passive in his responses to the 1994 genocide. Some 10 years after the genocide, in which more than 800,000 people were killed, Annan admitted that he "could and should have done more to sound the alarm and rally support," according to a March 2004 BBC article.
Annan served as under-secretary-general from March 1994 to October 1995. He resumed the position in 1996 after a five-month appointment to serve as a special representative of the secretary-general to the former Yugoslavia.
United Nations Chief
The United Nations Security Council recommended Annan to replace the previous secretary-general, Dr. Boutros Boutros-Ghali of Egypt, in later 1996. The General Assembly voted in his favor, and he began his first term as secretary-general on January 1, 1997.
Among Annan's most well-known accomplishments were his issuance of a five-point Call to Action in April 2001 to address the HIV/AIDS pandemic and his proposal to create a Global AIDS and Health Fund. He and the United Nations were jointly awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in December of 2001 "for their work for a better organized and more peaceful world."
Annan is also known for his opposition to the 2003 invasion of Iraq and to Iran's nuclear program. He told the BBC in September 2004 that the Iraq war did not conform to the U.N. charter and was illegal.
Life After the United Nations
Annan retired on December 31, 2006. Several months prior, he gave a farewell speech to world leaders at U.N. headquarters in New York, outlining major problems with an unjust world economy and widespread contempt for human rights.
"We are not only all responsible for each other's security," Annan said in his speech. "We are also, in some measure, responsible for each other's welfare. Global solidarity is both necessary and possible. It is necessary because without a measure of solidarity no society can be truly stable, and no one's prosperity truly secure."
Following his retirement, Annan returned to Ghana. He became involved with a number of organizations with a global focus. He was chosen to lead the formation of the Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa, became a member of the Global Elders and was appointed president of the Global Humanitarian Forum in Geneva. In 2009, Annan joined a Columbia University program at the university’s School of International and Public Affairs.
In February 2012, Annan was appointed as the U.N.-Arab League envoy to Syria in an attempt to end the civil war taking place there. He developed a six-point plan for peace. He resigned from the position, citing intransigence of both the Syrian government and the rebels, as well as the Security Council's failure to create a peaceful resolution.
"As an envoy, I can't want peace more than the protagonists, more than the Security Council or the international community, for that matter," Annan said in a resignation speech on August 2, 2012.
"I had expected to go into Ghanaian politics," Annan once told Saga magazine, "retire to a farm at 60 and die in my bed at 80. It did not happen so. It's one of the things God does."
Death
Annan passed away after a short illness in a hospital in Bern, Switzerland, on August 18, 2018. His wife Nane and children Ama, Kojo and Nina were by his side. "Kofi Annan was a global statesman and a deeply committed internationalist who fought throughout his life for a fairer and more peaceful world. During his distinguished career and leadership of the United Nations he was an ardent champion of peace, sustainable development, human rights and the rule of law," the Kofi Annan Foundation and Annan family said in a statement.
QUICK FACTS
Birth Year: 1938
Birth date: April 8, 1938
Birth City: Kumasi
Birth Country: Ghana
Gender: Male
Best Known For: Kofi Annan was the former secretary-general of the United Nations and a recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize.
Industries
World Politics
Astrological Sign: Aries
Schools
Institute for Advanced International Studies in Geneva
Macalester College
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
University of Science and Technology
Nacionalities
Ghanaian
Death Year: 2018
Death date: August 18, 2018
Death City: Bern
Death Country: Switzerland
Fact Check
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CITATION INFORMATION | ||||
7733 | dbpedia | 0 | 23 | https://www.business-humanrights.org/es/blog/celebrating-kofi-annans-contributions-to-business-and-human-rights/ | en | Celebrating Kofi Annan’s contributions to business and human rights | [
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] | null | [] | null | es | Business & Human Rights Resource Centre | https://www.business-humanrights.org/es/blog/celebrating-kofi-annans-contributions-to-business-and-human-rights/ | On September 13, 2018, I had the honor to attend the state funeral for Kofi Annan in Accra. The President of Ghana, in his eulogy, described Kofi as “charming, cosmopolitan, consensus-builder, elegant, eloquent, gentle-mannered, modest, polyglot, proud African, peacemaker, quintessential diplomat.” To me he was also mentor, friend, and favorite boss.
Shortly after Kofi took office as the seventh Secretary-General of the United Nations he invited me to join the team he was assembling (at the time, I was Dean of Columbia University’s School of International and Public Affairs). I asked him what my job description would be. He smiled and said “don’t get swallowed up by the cable traffic.” Eventually that function became formalized on the UN org chart as Assistant Secretary-General for Strategic Planning.
As Secretary-General, Kofi lived the African proverb “you cannot bend the wind so bend the sail.” To bureaucrats who were skeptical of new ideas and innovative approaches, his response invariably was: “Why don’t we test it? You may be surprised. Let’s test it.”
Nowhere was this more evident than in his desire to involve the broadest possible array of social actors in the mission and daily work of the United Nations—be they parliamentarians or leaders of business, civil society, workers organizations, the world’s many faiths, and universities. The ability of the United Nations to help improve the lives of people, he believed, required that it reach beyond the precincts of intergovernmentalism on Turtle Bay.
The now vibrant field of business and human rights looms large among Kofi’s many legacies. Perhaps it came to him naturally. The dignity of every person was integral to the family values with which he was raised. And human rights were inextricably bound up in the struggle for independence, which Ghana achieved in 1957 when he was in his late teens. On the business side, his father, Henry Reginald Annan, was the first black manager of a Ghanaian subsidiary of Lever Brothers (now Unilever). At university, Kofi studied economics, beginning in Kumasi and completing his undergraduate degree at Macalester College in Minnesota. He also studied economics at the Graduate Institute in Geneva and earned a mid-career master’s degree at MIT’s Sloan School of Business. It seemed self-evident to him that concern with the dignity of people a company impacts should be integral to its strategies and practices.
Kofi’s contribution to the global business and human rights agenda began with his establishing the UN Global Compact in 2000. As he famously said at the World Economic Forum in Davos that year: “My friends, the simple fact of the matter is this: if we cannot make globalization work for all, in the end it will work for none.”
He envisaged the Compact as a multi-stakeholder learning forum for identifying and disseminating good corporate practices in relation to worker and other human rights, environmental practices, and (later) anti-corruption. He sought to make it a platform to engage business in support of the broad array of UN goals. When a delegation of governments challenged him on where he got the mandate for this, he responded, softly, “I didn’t realize I needed a mandate to help implement the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.”
To this day, the Compact remains the world’s largest corporate citizenship initiative, with some 10,000 global participants and national networks in more than 50 countries. Among its many knock-on effects are the Principles for Responsible Investment, launched in 2006 not long before Kofi’s term in office came to an end, which marked a significant step forward in the evolution of what is now known as ESG investing—incorporating environmental, social, and corporate governance criteria into investment decisions.
Never one to miss an opportunity, Annan persuaded the UN General Assembly to mark the year 2000 with a summit of heads of state and government, and to ask him to offer them suggestions regarding the role of the United Nations in the new millennium. He presented the summit with a report entitled We the Peoples, addressing both new and enduring challenges. Under the heading of ‘development and poverty eradication’ were eight specific targets for the world to aim at during the next 15 years. They were adopted as the Millennium Development Goals. In 2001, Annan was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for “bringing new life to the organization.”
When the MDGs expired in 2015 they were succeeded by a broader set of Sustainable Development Goals. Both of these ambitious agendas have had at their core the realization of human rights; and both have recognized the indispensable role of all sectors of society, including business, in making them a reality.
In 2005, the UN Commission on Human Rights (now Human Rights Council) adopted a resolution requesting the Secretary-General to appoint a Special Representative on the subject of business and human rights. The mandate was to identify and clarify the respective responsibilities of states and business, and to make recommendations for the Commission’s consideration. By then I had returned to academic life, but Kofi asked me to take this on as an extra-curricular assignment. He expressed particular concern that the seriousness of the issues not become overwhelmed by unrelated and unhelpful political dynamics within the UN bubble, stressing the imperative of generating meaningful buy-in so as to achieve real change in how business gets done. Six years and 50 international consultations later, I presented the Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights to the Human Rights Council, which endorsed them unanimously.
Kofi Annan was the least ego-driven leader I have ever met. He had an infectious laugh. He and his beloved wife Nane, a lawyer by training and an accomplished artist, were role models of mutual respect and collaboration. As a boss, Kofi had the ability to inspire those of us who worked closely with him to achieve things we never thought we could. Sadly he has passed. But his inspiration lives on—as do the many legacies he bequeathed to us all.
John G. Ruggie is the Berthold Beitz Professor in Human Rights and International Affairs at Harvard’s Kennedy School of Government, and Affiliated Professor in International Legal Studies at Harvard Law. In various capacities, he worked for and with Kofi Annan for a decade. | ||||||
7733 | dbpedia | 1 | 38 | https://radicalmiddle.com/x_annan_report.htm | en | Kofi Annan's U.N. Reform Package | [
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Kofi Annans U.N. reform proposal:
First great radical middle political document?
On March 21, the second day of spring, Kofi Annan announced his reform plans for the United Nations. He released a 62-page report, In Larger Freedom: Towards Development, Security and Human Rights for All -- the only U.N. report Ive ever seen that was written in the first person singular. Then he gave an unusually passionate speech about the report to the General Assembly, followed by an unusually loquacious press conference.
Was anyone listening? Even The New York Times and The Washington Post treated the report -- two years in the making -- as basically just another stone in the pool. Other newspapers focused narrowly on Annans ideas for structural (as distinct from programmatic) reform, and television commentators with slick smiles suggested the report was intended to divert attention from the oil-for-food scandal.
In Pieter Bruegels great painting, Landscape with the Fall of Icarus, Icarus -- a young boy whod dared to fly close to the sun, using wax-fastened wings -- plummets into the sea. And nobody notices.
I cant think of that painting without thinking of Annans report. It deserved extensive and enthusiastic coverage. It represents the first great coherent attempt to move the U..N. close to the sun -- to turn it into a body finally capable of exhibiting the democratic and compassionate ideals of its founders.
Annan said as much -- a fresh start, he called it in a column in the Financial Times of March 21.
He might also have called it the first great radical middle document ever released by a head of state or head of a major international body. Just consider:
-- It says YES! to many good ideas that others find contradictory -- democracy and development, human rights and security.
-- It doesnt try to rebut left-wing or right-wing perspectives. Instead, it incorporates the best ideas from both in a new synthesis.
-- It seeks to overcome dicey situations via creativity and smarts (rather than guilt-inducing rhetoric or threats of force). For example, it would have developing countries forego development of uranium enrichment capacity -- gateway to nuclear weapons -- by offering them access to fissile material for civilian uses at below-market rates.
-- It is explicitly holistic. Not only are development, security and human rights all imperative, it declares, they also reinforce each other. Later on it declares, Whatever threatens one, threatens all. In his General Assembly speech Annan went so far as to plead with delegates to treat the report as a comprehensive package not open to ad hoc implementation.
Making of a radical middle thinker
To understand how Annan could create such a path-breaking document, its important to know some things about him and the pressures hes under.
From the beginning of his tenure as Secretary-General in 1997, hes been pulled -- hard -- by three competing political forces.
On the right, the John Boltons of the world wont be happy until the U.N. acts with the coherence and efficiency of General Electric. (To their right, the Jed Babbins of the world -- Babbin being a prolific writer for National Review Online and author of Inside the Asylum: Why the United Nations and Old Europe Are Worse Than You Think (2004) -- wont be satisfied until the U.S. has actually left the U.N.)
From the left, the pressures are equally one-eyed. The American and European left has produced a steady stream of collective manifestos calling on the West to relate to the U.N. as if it could easily be -- if not for our own pusillanimity -- the all-knowing, all-just, heart-warmingly idealistic body we all dreamed it could be when we were in high school (the Millennium Forums Strengthening the U.N. for the 21st Century (hereafter M.F. Document), created by over 1,300 NGO representatives in the year 2000, may be the most fundamentalist document of the lot; the Earth Charter, created by hundreds of self-selected groups and individuals from 1997-2000, is surely the sweetest).
Finally, the developing countries bring a steady rat-tat-tat of It Aint Us, Babe pressures to bear. Philip Gourevitch, author of the definitive popular book on the Rwanda killings, reports that when Annan spoke in Rwanda in 1998 and tried to suggest the country bore some responsibility for its plight, a presidential spokesperson denounced him as arrogant, and top members of the government boycotted a state dinner in his honor (see Philip Gourevitch, The Optimist, in the New Yorker, 27 March 2003).
It is extraordinary how Annan has reacted to these three very different sources of pressure, aka factions. On the one hand, hes turned the other cheek to each of them. Thats easier said than done! On the other hand -- and you can see this in his report (which Ill describe in a moment) -- hes taken the best ideas and deepest hopes from each of them.
How can he react so calmly and constructively?, you might ask. The answer is simple. Hes almost choicelessly a radical middle person; hes a member in good standing of each of the three worlds the factions represent:
1.) It is well known that he was born in Ghana, in 1938, to a hereditary chief of the Fante people. You cant be more native-African than that.
2.) It is also well known that Annans basic political sympathies are telegraphed by his Patrice Lumumba beard. You cant be more constructively leftist than Lumumba, a radical who almost took the Congo away from its corrupt foreign and domestic rulers in the 1960s. The whole late-20th-century history of Africa might have been different if Lumumba or some other just, incorruptible, and economically savvy leader had succeeded in taking power somewhere, and Annan, for one, has never gotten over that lost opportunity. (When you take [Ghana] at the time of independence, we had in economic terms about the same situation as Malaysia, he lamented to Gourevitch. We could have given our people a much better life and we failed them.)
3.) It is less well known that Annan is equally at home with the third faction, the center-right.
His dad was not only tribal chief, he was executive of a subsidiary of the Anglo-Dutch multinational corporation Unilever. Young Kofi was sent off to study at a small Methodist college in Minnesota, Macalester. He spent some time traveling across the U.S. with his American friends, then worked at the U.N. Economic Commission for Africa, then returned to the U.S. to earn an M.B.A. from the prestigious Sloan School of Management at M.I.T.
He climbed the U.N. bureaucracy as a diplomatic and economic sophisticate, eventually rising to be chief financial officer of the U.N. system and head of peacekeeping operations. His second wife, a Swedish lawyer and artist, is the niece of Raoul Wallenberg, who helped save hundreds of Jews during World War Two. (His son Kojo, around whom the oil-for-food scandal swirls, was a product of his first marriage, to a fellow African. No desire to speculate here about Kojos deepest feelings about his fathers very public personal-romantic journey.)
What is truly exceptional about Annan, though, is not his at-homeness in all three worlds. Its his ability to function in all of them at once.
It is a skill like any other -- partly natural, partly learned. Some friends from Macalester could see it blooming in him even then, c. 1960. One of them told Gourevitch that Annan was equally adept in mind and body, a serious student but also a champion runner (setting a school record in the 60-yard dash), the ultimate smooth dancer, and above all a facilitator, someone who sought common ground among people and tried to bring them together.
Annan himself traces it back even further, to his school days in Africa, where teachers urged him to remember that there is more than one side to a story, and more than one answer to a question."
It's not easy being Green. But its an extraordinary balancing act being a Radical Middle politician-statesman.
And the Annan Report takes that balancing act to a whole new level. In it, the rights U.N. structural reform and security priorities, the lefts human rights priorities, and the developing worlds development priorities not only find common ground. They become mutually dependent on one another.
It is a remarkable tour-de-force, full of positive implications for all humanity. No wonder the scandal-obsessed media missed the story. Like the tillers of the soil in Bruegel's Icarus painting, the media has a hard time seeing what it hasn't been been trained to focus on.
Millennium Development Goals
The Annan Report consists of four major sections -- Freedom from Want (on development), Freedom from Fear (on security), Freedom to Live in Dignity (on human rights), and Strengthening the U.N. (on structural reform). The Freedom from Want section begins with a statement of the so-called Millennium Development Goals (MDGs).
We are no longer going to throw money at ever greater numbers of problems, the MDG sub-section announces in so many words. Instead, we've articulated eight achievable goals and 18 concrete targets by means of which we can reach them; and we should henceforth focus on those.
The eight goals include Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger, Achieve universal primary education, and Promote gender equality and empower women.
The 18 targets include Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people who suffer from hunger, and Ensure that, by 2015, children everywhere, boys and girls alike, will be able to complete a full course of primary schooling.
Note how this approach productively merges conservatives desire for efficiency and boundaries with liberals desire for compassion and equity. Less visible -- but no less central to Annans strategy -- is a bit of sleight of hand about the MDGs.
And behind that sleight of hand you can glimpse what I like to call Kofi Annans U.N. coup detat.
Kofi Annans U.N. coup detat
Supposedly, the Annan Report is meant to inform the General Assembly about the U.N.s progress toward meeting the agenda set forth in the United Nations Millennium Declaration, an ambitious, vague, contradictory, and at times unbearably pompous document adopted by the General Assembly in September 2000, after having been ostensibly created by a Millennium Summit of the worlds leaders earlier that month (but actually by a melange of U.N. bureaucrats).
In plain fact, the Annan Report is to the Millennium Declaration as the U.S. Constitutional Convention was to the Articles of Confederation. The Millennium Declaration provides the necessary fig leaf behind which Annan and his brilliant advisors (principally Mark Malloch Brown, formerly head of the U.N. Development Programme and now Annans Chief of Staff) sought and continue to seek to turn the U.N. into an organization capable of dealing with 21st century realities.
The Millennium Declaration does not set forth a list of Millennium Development Goals. It sets forth a list of vacuous Values and Principles which Annan wisely ignores. It also sets forth -- in sections devoted to development, poverty eradication, and the environment -- a potpourri of aspirations, resolutions, indignations, hopes, and fears that Annan and his advisors later used to carve out the 18 targets, which begot the eight MDGs.
Plenty of aspirations articulated in those sections of the Millennium Declaration failed to make it into the MDGs or targets. For example, Ensure free access to information on the human genome sequence. But close examination of the two documents would convince you that the goals and targets Annan et al. chose to focus on were the most essential -- and, just as important, the most capable of creating empathetic connections between the developed and developing worlds.
So call the Annan Report a coup if you like. It is by no means a report on the United Nations Millennium Declaration -- in the area of development as in all other areas, it is a subtle and brilliant transformation of that document. And that may be one reason Annan appears to have fewer defenders at the U.N. than he did before.
Development in a new key
The Freedom from Want section of the Annan Report doesnt just focus on the MDGs. It includes important sub-sections on aid, trade, and the environment. Put them all together and they spell development in a new key.
The obligations of the rich nations are spelled out loud and clear. Most importantly, rich nations are urged to establish a timetable to earmark 0.7% of GNP for development assistance by 2015 (most rich nations, including the U.S., contribute less than half that).
At the same time, though -- and this is unusual in U.N. documents -- obligations of the recipient nations are spelled out. For example, theyre told to establish transparent, accountable systems of governance, and encouraged to support a healthy private sector capable of generating jobs, income and tax revenues.
The Millennium Declaration was ambivalent about trade, and the international lefts M.F. Document, referenced above, was more eager to constrain corporations than welcome them. The Annan Report strives to turn business into a partner in Third World development.
Developing nations should stop bashing business and start making or encouraging investments in agricultural productivity, trade-related infrastructure and competitive export industries. For their part, the rich nations should provide duty-free and quota-free market access for all exports from the least developed countries.
The sub-section on the environment doesnt just lament the environmental crises we all know about. It speaks highly of science and technology -- not the usual sentiment in past U.N. documents.
When it states, Scientific advances and technological innovation have an important role to play in mitigating climate change, it is, in effect, throwing down the gauntlet to the Bush Administration and conservatives everywhere: OK, you dont want to abide by the Kyoto Protocol -- go out and create the technologies we need to reverse global warming.
Security in a new key
For years, useless debates raged in the U.N. about whether it was wiser to focus on nuclear threats, terrorist threats, or genocidal threats. The Annan Reports section Freedom from Fear short-circuits those debates beautifully when it says, Depending on wealth, geography, and power, we perceive different threats as the most pressing. But the truth is we cannot afford to choose. . . . In our globalized world, the threats we face are interconnected. The rich are vulnerable to the threats that attack the poor and the strong are vulnerable to the weak, as well as vice versa.
The practical conclusion: We need to tackle the whole range of threats. And that means, among other things, that the developing nations in the Middle East should stop trumpeting the right to violently resist occupation. Nobody -- nobody -- has the right to deliberately kill or maim civilians.
The Annan Report calls for a comprehensive treaty on terrorism by September of next year based on a clear and uninhibited definition of terrorism. And it urges states to supplement the nuclear non-proliferation treaty with an agreement to prevent non-state actors from gaining access to nuclear, chemical, or biological materials. (In complete contrast, the M.F. Document natters on about global disarmament as if we were still living in 1969.)
At the same time, though, the Annan Report focuses on the security issue of most immediate concern to the smaller nations -- reducing the risk of local wars. It urges the General Assembly to provide the Secretary-Generals office with beefed-up mediation powers and resources. It also urges stronger and more effective use of economic sanctions (in contrast to the Millennium Declaration, which is skeptical of sanctions as a tool for peace).
Above all, the Annan Report calls for creation of a realistic peacekeeping capacity, namely, the creation of strategic reserves, standby battle groups in dozens of countries and regional organizations (such as the African Union) that the U.N. could call upon on an emergency basis. The idea is that, when the next Rwanda happens -- and, of course, Rwandas are happening all the time -- the U.N. could smoothly intervene with these troops to restore the peace.
And after the so-called humanitarian military intervention? Admirably, the Annan Report addresses the aftermath too. It proposes a Peacebuilding Commission that, in the aftermath, could engage in early efforts to establish the necessary institutions; help to ensure predictable financing for early recovery activities . . . ; [and] provide a forum in which the U.N., major bilateral donors, troop contributors, [etc.] can share information about their respective post-conflict strategies.
There probably isnt one party to the war in Iraq that doesnt wish that something like Annans Peacebuilding Commission had been in place in April of 2003.
Human rights in a new key
Just as the section Freedom from Want in the Annan Report is not just a sop to the developing world, so the section Freedom to Live in Dignity is not just a sop to Westerners concerned about human rights.
Human rights are, the Report contends, as fundamental to the poor as to the rich. And the Report means that in a special way.
Most U.N. documents imply that human rights somehow emerge inexorably out of economic development, or education, or a sense of personal security. The Millennium Declaration is less than convincing on the subject of human rights -- We will spare no effort to promote democracy, it declares, much too grandly to convince a discerning reader -- then goes on to suggest that by human rights it means to include the right to development. Gotta get Sudan and Cuba on board. The M.F. Document is even more dismal, stating at one point that civil and political rights [should not be] given a higher priority than economic, social and cultural rights.
If you read the Annan Report carefully, youll discern a sea-change in thinking on this subject. For Annan and his reformist aides, human rights is not just one of a long laundry list of goodies that people might want. It is the wellspring out of which political democracy, economic development, and physical security all come
No security agenda and no drive for development will be successful unless they are based on the sure foundation of respect for human dignity, the Annan Report boldly declares. Some U.N. observers have coined a pithy term for this: rights-based development.
As you might expect, then, the Annan Report wants the U.N. to work overtime for human rights. It declares that there is a collective responsibility to protect, which it explains as follows: [I]f national authorities are unable or unwilling to protect their citizens, then the responsibility shifts to the international community. (You wont find anything like that sentiment in the Millennium Declaration.) The Report goes on to suggest numerous ways the U.N. could and should ensure human rights in its member-states.
For example, it proposes creating a Rule of Law Assistance Unit in the Secretary-Generals office to -- as Annan delicately puts it -- assist national efforts to re-establish the rule of law in conflict and post-conflict societies.
It proposes that nations cooperate fully with the International Criminal Court (thereby chastising but not condemning the U.S. for failing to join the ICC, and so not alienating President Bushs next ambassador to the U.N.).
Most importantly of all, perhaps, it proposes creating a Democracy Fund at the U.N. for countries seeking to establish or strengthen their democracy. Legal, technical, and financial assistance would all be provided, as would concrete support for elections. (Outside the Report one learns that the Fund might include private money that could top out at $1 billion or more.)
For anyone who remembers the U.N. trying to act as a so-called honest broker between democracy and communism, or who still sees it as trying to steer some middle course between democracy and Third World kleptocracy, this may be the most extraordinary part of the Annan Report, and the one that truly marks it as a reformist document in the radical middle tradition. Radical middle means approaching problems holistically; it does not not mean compromising democratic principles.
Structural reform in a new key
For 30 years, structural reform at the U.N. has meant twiddling the dials. So its no surprise that the Strengthening the U.N. section of the Annan Report has generated whatever headlines there have been.
You cant page through it without realizing that this time they are serious. Clearly, our Organization . . . was built for a different era, the Report declares.
The Millennium Declaration set itself up as the General Assemblys defender. Not the Annan Report. It not only spotlights the Assemblys declining prestige, it says the decline cant be reversed until the Assembly reforms itself. It needs to stop retreat[ing] into generalities, engaging in feel-good debates about every symbolic issue under the sun, passing empty resolutions. It needs to speed up its processes, concentrate on addressing the major substantive issues of the day, and engage much more fully with civil society.
The Security Council -- where all the key decisions about war and peace get made -- is no longer credible because it no longer represents the international community as a whole [or] the geopolitical realities of today. Thats a fancy way of saying that it doesnt offer permanent or renewable representation to Germany, Brazil, China, Japan, or any Middle Eastern or African countries.
Like any good radical middle document, the Annan Report suggests alternate ways this could be done. Both would expand the Security Council from the present 15 members to a total of 24, and both would ensure that six seats were held by each of the worlds four regional areas: Africa, Asia / Pacific, Europe, and the Americas. None of the new members would get veto power over Security Council decisions (that would continue to be held by the U.S., England, France, Russia, and China); on the other hand, no nation could serve on the reconstituted Security Council unless it agreed to devote 0.7% of its GNP to the Millennium Development Goals.
The current Commission on Human Rights is a joke -- some of the worst violators of human rights are some of its most outspoken members. The Annan Report does not mince words about this: States have sought membership on the Commission not to strengthen human rights but to protect themselves against criticism or to criticize others. It would abolish the Commission and replace it with a smaller Human Rights Council elected by a two-thirds vote of the General Assembly. (The Millennium Declaration, by contrast -- exemplifying the courage of most other U.N. documents -- failed to even mention the Commission on Human Rights or its absurdities.)
The Annan Report doesnt leave Annans own bailiwick, the Secretariat, out of the equation. If the U.N. is to be truly effective, the Report declares, the Secretariat will have to be completely transformed.
A simpler system of planning and budgeting is called for ASAP. Outmoded Secretariat bureaus and tasks should be abolished forthwith. Most remarkably, Annan requests that the General Assembly provide him with the authority and resources to pursue a one-time staff buyout so as to refresh and realign the staff to meet current needs. The Secretariat's notorious accumulation of human deadwood (butt of wry and cynical jokes the world over) could finally be cut down and allowed to float off into the sunset, and many bright New Turks could be brought in.
One of Annans final suggestions harks back to a idea once promoted by Donald Keys, head of the idealistic Planetary Citizens group from the 1970s. Lets create a Council of Development Advisers -- in effect, a council of wise men and women from all over the world. Lets turn the U.N. into the council house of the emerging global village.
That is more than a nod to the political left. Its a nod to all those idealists whose energies have maintained the U.N. in the popular imagination through thick and thin. And its a wonderful idea, too: the Council could speak to the worlds peoples on a level deeper than that of mere politics.
First great radical middle political document?
As you can tell from the above, the Annan Report is an almost unparalleled combination of the pragmatic and the visionary. That is no accident. [W]ithout implementation, our declarations ring hollow, Annan cries in the middle of the Report. Without action, our promises are meaningless. Villagers huddling in fear at the sound of bombing raids or the appearance of murderous militias on the horizon find no solace in . . . unimplemented words.
When I was in international law class in law school (essentially, Int. Law 101), I had that same terrible insight. I was repelled by the stories my professor always told of being flown into this war-torn area or that. I imagined him with his fine moustache and tailored suit staying in fancy hotels and dispensing learned, unimplementable words to people who might very well be killed the next day. The vision paralyzed me. I wasnt going to be a bringer of meaningless promises, I wasnt going to turn myself into a hard-boiled world-traveling pragmatist. I never took another international law course.
Kofi Annan persisted. Like a stubborn Icarus, he kept putting his wax-fastened wings back on again. And he eventually discovered the right relationship of pragmatism to vision. He demonstrates that relationship throughout the Report, and makes it explicit at the very end. What I have called for here is possible, he says. [All my proposals] are within reach. From pragmatic beginnings could emerge a visionary change of direction in our world.
Romantic visions -- abstract theories -- political isms -- do not generate positive change. But real, practical, helpful first steps can generate grounded, life-giving vision. That is the central lesson the Annan Report has to teach us, and that is why it is the first great radical middle political document.
FURTHER RESOURCES
For the United Nations as an institution: Linda Fasulo, An Insider's Guide to the U.N. (Yale Univ. Press, 2004). For a history of the U.N. up to Kofi Annan's tenure: Stanley Meisler, United Nations: The First Fifty Years (Atlantic Monthly Press, 1997). For the larger global context seen through radical middle eyes: Walter Truett Anderson, All Connected Now: Life in the First Global Civilization (Westview / Perseus, 2001). | ||||||||
7733 | dbpedia | 0 | 8 | https://www.ranker.com/list/famous-mit-sloan-school-of-management-alumni-and-students/reference | en | Famous MIT Sloan School Of Management Alumni | https://imgix.ranker.com/list_img_v2/10692/890692/original/famous-mit-sloan-school-of-management-alumni-and-students-u3 | https://imgix.ranker.com/list_img_v2/10692/890692/original/famous-mit-sloan-school-of-management-alumni-and-students-u3 | [
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] | 2013-07-06T00:00:00 | List of famous alumni from MIT Sloan School of Management, with photos when available. Prominent graduates from MIT Sloan School of Management include ... | en | /img/icons/touch-icon-iphone.png | Ranker | https://www.ranker.com/list/famous-mit-sloan-school-of-management-alumni-and-students/reference | Benjamin "Bibi" Netanyahu (Hebrew: בִּנְיָמִין נְתַנְיָהוּ ; born 21 October 1949) is an Israeli politician who has been Prime Minister of Israel since 2009, having previously held the position from 1996 to 1999. Netanyahu is also the Chairman of the Likud-National Liberal Movement. He is the longest-serving Prime Minister in Israeli history, and the first to be born in Israel after the establishment of the state. Born in Tel Aviv to secular Jewish parents, Netanyahu joined the Israel Defense Forces shortly after the Six-Day War in 1967, and became a team leader in the Sayeret Matkal special forces unit. Netanyahu took part in many missions, including Operation Inferno (1968), Operation Gift (1968) and Operation Isotope (1972), during which he was shot in the shoulder. Netanyahu fought on the front lines in the War of Attrition and the Yom Kippur War in 1973, taking part in special forces raids along the Suez Canal, and then leading a commando assault deep into Syrian territory. Netanyahu achieved the rank of captain before being discharged. After graduating from MIT with a Bachelor of Science (SB) and a Master of Science (SM), Netanyahu became an economic consultant for the Boston Consulting Group. Netanyahu returned to Israel in 1978 to found the Yonatan Netanyahu Anti-Terror Institute, named after his brother Yonatan Netanyahu, who died leading Operation Entebbe. In 1984, Netanyahu was appointed the Permanent Representative of Israel to the United Nations by Prime Minister Yitzhak Shamir, a role he held until 1988. He was subsequently elected to the Knesset, before becoming the Leader of Likud in 1993; he led the party to victory at the 1996 election, becoming Israel's youngest-ever Prime Minister. After defeat in the 1999 election, Netanyahu left politics, returning to the private sector. He later returned to politics, serving as Minister of Foreign Affairs and Minister of Finance in the government of Ariel Sharon, but he would eventually resign over disagreements regarding the Gaza disengagement plan. As Finance Minister, Netanyahu initiated major reform of the Israeli economy, which was credited by commentators as having significantly improved Israel's subsequent economic performance.Netanyahu returned to the leadership of Likud in December 2005, after Sharon quit to form a new party, Kadima. Although Likud finished second in the 2009 election to Kadima, Netanyahu was able to form a coalition government with other right-wing parties, and was sworn in as Prime Minister for a second time. He went on to lead Likud to victory in the 2013 and 2015 elections. Since December 2016, Netanyahu has been under investigation by Israeli police and prosecutors for a number of alleged corruption scandals, culminating in the Attorney General announcing his intent to file indictments against him in 2019. After the April 2019 election resulted in no party being able to form government, a second election was called for September.
Alan Roger Mulally (born August 4, 1945) is an American engineer, business executive, and former President and Chief Executive Officer of the Ford Motor Company. He retired from Ford Motor Company on July 1, 2014. Ford had been struggling during the late-2000s recession, returned to profitability under Mulally, and was the only American major car manufacturer to avoid a bailout fund provided by the government. Mulally's achievements at Ford are chronicled in the book American Icon: Alan Mulally and the Fight to Save Ford Motor Company by Bryce G. Hoffman, published in 2012. On July 15, 2014, he was appointed to the Google Board of Directors.Mulally was the executive vice president of Boeing and the CEO of Boeing Commercial Airplanes (BCA). He began his career with Boeing as an engineer in 1969 and was largely credited with BCA's resurgence against Airbus in the mid-2000s. In 2015, Mulally was inducted into the International Air & Space Hall of Fame at the San Diego Air & Space Museum. | ||
7733 | dbpedia | 2 | 82 | https://www.unitar.org/sustainable-development-goals/multilateral-diplomacy/our-portfolio/world-negotiation-day-2023 | en | World Negotiation Day 2023 | [
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] | null | On 30 November 2023, the The United Nations Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR) and International Negotiation Agency (ADN Group) will jointly host the much-anticipated Third Edition of World Negotiation Day at the Palais des Nations in Geneva, Switzerland to bring together the most distinguished dignitaries, while offering those unable to attend the event in person the opportunity to take part. This prestigious event will unite the world’s most renowned contributors to peaceful negotiations, conflict resolution, inequality reduction, and climate solutions. In addition to celebrating peaceful conflict resolution and providing a platform for network-building, the event will conclude with an award ceremony in which a carefully selected jury of high-level individuals vote for ‘Best Negotiator of the Year’ in accordance with the UNITAR guidelines. UNITAR and ADN aim to build on the successes of the 2019 and 2021 editions, which brought together over 250 participants each. | en | /themes/custom/unitar_2018/favicon.ico | UNITAR | https://www.unitar.org/sustainable-development-goals/multilateral-diplomacy/our-portfolio/world-negotiation-day-2023 | Join us in Geneva at the Palais des Nations on November 30, 2023 and experience the best of diplomatic excellence at World Negotiation Day.
Please register to attend here: https://indico.un.org/event/1007595/
The event will include bring together some of the greatest bilateral and multilateral negotiators and experts in the world to share and discuss the role negotiation occupies in today’s challenging world, with a special focus on the economic, political, and business spheres.Throughout this event, roundtables will enable participants to understand best practices in negotiations and how they are implemented in the highest decision-making circles in the world. The third edition of this event will be divided into two panels.In addition to celebrating peaceful conflict resolution and providing a solid platform for network-building, the event concludes with an Award ceremony, in which a carefully selected jury of high-level individuals vote for the “Best Negotiator of the Year”.
We kindly invite you to join us as we host some of the greatest and most prestigious negotiators from across the globe, offering the opportunity to meet them and learn how they have decoded negotiations in their respective paradigms.
After the event, we kindly invite you to join us for a reception.
Irena Vojáčková-Sollorano - Deputy Director General for Management and Reform ad interim. As a skilled international humanitarian leader, Irena brings a wealth of knowledge and operational field experience. She has more than three decades of global expertise in migration management, migration and development and refugee issues as well as in emergency response and change management. Irena’s career with the United Nations System spans a decade serving in multiple roles. She was tripled-hatted in Iraq as Deputy Special Representative of the Secretary General (DSRSG), Resident Coordinator (RC), and Humanitarian Coordinator (HC); she also served as the Development Coordination Office (DCO) Regional Director in Istanbul; and previously as RC in Türkiye and Serbia. Irena was a member of the RC system restructuring team during the creation of the DCO within the UN Secretariat. She began her journey in humanitarian aid in the Philippines as a Development Officer/Associated Expert and the Operations Officer. Throughout her distinguished tenure of 23 years with IOM, Irena has held key leadership positions including the Director for Migration Management in Geneva; Regional Director for Southeast Asia in Bangkok and for Central Europe in Vienna. She has opened seven IOM national offices, participated in two IOM reform processes and served on several migration research boards. She holds a Diploma in International Economic Relations from the Diplomatic Academy in Vienna, an MA in History, Geography and International Law from the University of Vienna, and a BA in History and Political Science from the University of Heidelberg in Germany. Irena is proficient in English, German and Czech.
Caroline Ziadeh was appointed as the Special Representative of the Secretary-General and Head of the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK) on 19 November 2021.Having served since 2017 as Director of the Department of International Organizations, Conferences and Cultural Services in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Emigrants of Lebanon, Ms. Ziadeh brings to the position close to 30 years of experience in international diplomacy with extensive knowledge of the United Nations having led national delegations to the United Nations on human rights issues, the Women, Peace and Security agenda and migration. Former Deputy Permanent Representative of Lebanon to the United Nations in New York (2006-2017), SRSG Ziadeh served at the Embassies of Lebanon to the United Kingdom (2004-2006), to Belgium and the European Union (1994-1999), as well as the Permanent Mission of Lebanon in Vienna and the Embassies to Austria, Croatia, and Slovakia (1999-2002). SRSG Ziadeh holds a Bachelor of Arts and Master of Arts in Economy and Political Science from the Lebanese University, Beirut, and Diplomas in International Relations from the University Libre de Bruxelles and the Diplomatic Academy Vienna. She is fluent in Arabic, English and French.
Robert Dann has been a senior political adviser and negotiator in high-level UN diplomatic, good offices and mediation efforts in Cyprus (2000-2003 for the negotiations of the “Annan Plan”), the Middle East (based in Jerusalem 2005-2011 as senior political adviser to envoys de Soto, Williams and Serry) and Syria (advising Special Envoys Annan, Brahimi and de Mistura in earlier periods and now as chief political adviser based in Geneva for Special Envoy Geir O. Pedersen) He was Chief of the UN Mediation Support Unit in the Department of Political Affairs in New York from 2011-2016, among other things managing the Standby Team of Mediation Experts and advising on the UN’s preventive diplomacy and mediation efforts globally. He was also speechwriter to former UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan (2003-2005, closely involved in developing the Secretary-General’s “In Larger Freedom” reform agenda) and assisted him in preparation of Mr. Annan’s memoir: Interventions: A Life in Peace and War. He has also worked as a legal associate to Justice Sir Daryl Dawson of the High Court of Australia (1996-1997) based in Melbourne and Canberra. Robert holds degrees in Arts and Law with First Class Honours and the University Medal from the University of Queensland (1991-1995), and a Masters (with Distinction) in International Relations from the University of Oxford which he attended as a Rhodes Scholar (1997-1999). He joined the United Nations in 1999. He has guest lectured on the United Nations, the Middle East, and international peace negotiations at universities and led senior trainings of UN envoys and their teams.
Cardinal Matteo Maria Zuppi, born in Rome on October 11, 1955, graduated in Theology at the Pontifical Lateran University and Literature and Philosophy at the University of Rome. He was ordained as a priest in the diocese of Palestrina on May 9, 1981, and later became part of the diocese of Rome. Throughout his career, he served in various roles, including as a parish priest and prefect in different Roman parishes.In 2012, he became the titular Bishop of Villanova and an Auxiliary Bishop of Rome. Later, on October 27, 2015, Pope Francis appointed him as the Archbishop of Bologna. He was elevated to the rank of Cardinal on September 1, 2019, and received the cardinal title on October 5, 2019, at St. Peter's Basilica. Cardinal Zuppi also holds positions in various Vatican dicasteries and serves as a Judge of the Court of Cassation in the Vatican City State. Furthermore, he was appointed as the President of the Italian Bishops' Conference by Pope Francis on May 24, 2022.
UNITAR and ADN will conclude World Negotiation Day by bestowing the "Best Negotiator of the Year" award, a prestigious distinction given to an exceptional negotiator who has displayed exemplary skills and achievements on the international stage in the preceding year. Selected by a renowned international jury composed of eminent negotiators and leaders, the award honors an individual who has demonstrated outstanding leadership, creativity, and resilience in navigating complex negotiations and finding peaceful solutions to challenging global issues.
Nominees should have demonstrated their negotiation skills as being instrumental in reaching an agreement in a conflict situation between multiple stakeholders. In accordance with the UNITAR guidelines, the negotiations, during which the nominee will have conducted a successful negotiation, should relate to at least one of the following scenarios:
A negotiation conducted in an ethical and responsible manner;
A negotiation involving high stakes;
A negotiation guided by a desire to co-operate with stakeholders;
A negotiation that resulted in a solution that satisfied all stakeholders.
Dr. Fatima Akilu is the Executive Director of Neem Foundation. She is a trained psychologist with over 25 years’ experience in the field of mental health, psychology, Preventing Violent Extremism (PVE) and communications. Dr. Akilu holds a master’s degree and PhD in Psychology from University of Reading (UK), and was a Former Head of Communication to the Senior Special Assistant to the Nigerian President on Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). From 2012 to 2015, Dr. Akilu served as the Director of Behavioural Analysis and Strategic Communications at the Office of the National Security Adviser where she pioneered Nigeria’s first Countering Violent Extremism (CVE) programme. Dr. Akilu is a seasoned educationist with over 12 years lecturing experience as an Adjunct Professor of General Psychology at Broome Community College (USA). She is responsible for the implementation of programmes and strategies as the Executive Director of Neem Foundation and determining the direction of focus of the projects implemented by the organisation. She has overseen psychological support services to over 30, 000 survivors of the Boko Haram insurgency in the Northeast of Nigeria, a region that has been significantly affected by climate change. Alongside this, she currently oversees several conflict responses programmes across various lake Chad basin region and other parts of the globe.
Ambassador Amr Aljowaily, an accomplished international civil servant and diplomat, brings 33 years of professional experience to his current role as Strategic Advisor to the Deputy Chairperson of the African Union Commission in Addis Ababa. In academia, he serves as visiting faculty at UNITAR's Multilateral Diplomacy Program since 2014, at Diplo Foundation since 2007, and previously at the American University in Cairo, including the School of Global Affairs and Public Policy. He was also a Board Member of the Institute for Diplomatic Studies.During his diplomatic career, Ambassador Aljowaily held significant postings in Belgrade, New York, Geneva, and Washington, DC. At the Foreign Ministry, he served as Deputy Assistant Foreign Minister for United Nations Affairs and played leading roles in multilateral negotiations and Egyptian delegations to UN, AU, and LAS Summits and Ministerial Meetings. He also served as Coordinator of International Relations at the Ministry of Communications and Information Technology from 2001 to 2003. As a writer and researcher, Ambassador Aljowaily is known for his early analytical works in Arabic on ICTs and International Relations. He continues to publish in the field of multilateral diplomacy, focusing on international peace and security. His recent works include "Serbia by Egyptian Eyes: Diplomatic Memoirs and Cultural Notes" and "Quote Unquote," available in Arabic, English, and Serbian. He serves as the Book Reviews Editor of the Diplomat Magazine.Ambassador Aljowaily holds degrees in Political Science, Middle East Studies, and International Relations from prestigious institutions.
Miguel R. Bautista - As Secretary of the Trade and Development Board and Director for Intergovernmental Outreach and Support of UNCTAD, Mr. Miguel R. Bautista is tasked with facilitating the smooth functioning of its intergovernmental machinery so that UNCTAD may fully contribute to the accomplishment of the global development agenda. He is also responsible for outreach and engagement with civil society and other stakeholders in UNCTAD’s intergovernmental machinery and its processes. Before joining the UNCTAD secretariat, Mr. Bautista was a career Philippine diplomat having served at the Philippine Mission to the United Nations and other international organizations in Geneva, the Philippine Mission to the United Nations in New York, the Philippine Consulate General in New York, and the Philippine Embassy in Riyadh. Mr. Bautista has been admitted into the Philippine Council for Foreign Relations and was a member of the international relations faculties of Miriam College in Quezon City and the College of St. Benilde in Manila in the Philippines. Mr. Bautista is also a regular contributor to the United Nations Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR). Mr. Bautista has been awarded the Order of Rizal (Philippines), the Order of Bernardo O’Higgins (Chile), and the Order of Rio Branco (Brazil). He has also been decorated for his service in the reserve of the Philippine Coast Guard where he currently holds the rank of Captain and where he earned the Outstanding Achievement, Merit, and Search and Rescue medals. He has published on matters pertaining to diplomacy and public administration including in the Center for Integrative and Development Studies of the University of the Philippines, the Journal of the Philippine Council for Foreign Relations, and the Philippine Journal of Public Administration
Dominique Bichara, a Belgian and Egyptian national, first joined the Legal Department of the World Bank Group in 1992 where she worked for the Sub-Saharan Africa Region, then became Special Assistant to the Senior Vice President and General Counsel. From 1995 to 1999, she worked for the UN FAO's and IFAD's Legal Departments in Rome, Italy, covering countries across regions and specializing in project financing in environmental protection and water management. In 1999, she returned to the World Bank Group as Senior Counsel for the Maghreb countries and Lebanon. In 2004, she opened the first World Bank Group office in Tunisia, where she represented the Bank until 2007. From 2007 to 2010, she was Senior Counsel for Eastern Europe and Central Asicountries. She was, in addition, the World Bank Group’s focal point for legal and judicial reform in the Middle East and North Africa and led a number of projects and regional initiatives on legal and judicial reform and enforcement of environmental legislations. In 2010, she was appointed Special Representative of the World Bank Group to the United Nations in New York. She also coordinated the World Bank Group's engagement in UN global processes such as Rio+20 and Climate, the negotiations of the Sustainable Development Goals and the 2030 Agenda - Financing for Development Framework.In 2016, she was appointed Director, Corporate Affairs and Administration, in the Corporate Secretariat of the World Bank Group.Before joining the World Bank Group, she was Attorney at Law in private practice in Brussels and Paris, specializing in European business law. She holds a Maîtrise en Droit International from Université d'Aix-en-Provence, France, a Postgraduate Degree in European and International Law from Institut d'Etudes Européennes of Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium, and a Certificate in Common Law from the University of Exeter, U.K.
H.E. Doreen deBrum, assumed her role as the Ambassador to Switzerland and Permanent Representative to the UN Office and other International Organizations in Geneva in March 2019. Her government appointed her to establish the first and only Embassy and Permanent Mission in Europe, with a wide mandate covering all of Europe and international organizations like the European Union, FAO, IAEA, and IMO.Before this assignment, Ambassador deBrum held various roles as a civil servant. She served as Assistant Secretary to the Bureau of Multilateral Affairs of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade of the Marshall Islands and as a Planning Advisor on Fisheries Policy at the Marshall Islands Marine Resources Authority. Her work primarily focused on environmental conservation and sustainable resource management.In her extensive career, she also served as Undersecretary for Asia-Pacific Affairs at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Marshall Islands from 1996 to 2005. She played a key role in maritime boundary delineation agreements with Nauru and Kiribati. Beyond her diplomatic career, Ambassador deBrum actively contributes to pediatric healthcare improvement in the Marshall Islands. In 2017, she founded Nito's Butterfly's Foundation, dedicated to ensuring proper diagnosis and treatment for children and improving healthcare access.
Rabih El-Haddad leads the Division for Multilateral Diplomacy of the United Nations Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR). His work focuses on supporting governments, decision-makers, multilateral negotiators and the numerous negotiating groups that use diplomacy and negotiation as tools for defending and promoting their national interest in a complex context. As the key interlocutor with the Ministries of Foreign Affairs and Ministries leading international negotiations of the 193 Member States, Mr. El-Haddad adheres, in his daily job, to the purposes and values of the United Nations that aim at developing friendly relations amongst nations by disseminating a culture that celebrates negotiation and enlightened decision-making for the peaceful settlement of disputes. Throughout his career Mr. El-Haddad has closely worked with the governing bodies and intergovernmental machinery of the United Nations and the presidencies and heads of negotiating groups of key global negotiations related to climate change, trade, human rights, sustainable development and peace and security. Mr. El-Haddad was also involved in numerous capacity strengthening projects that shaped the Organisation’s transformative global agenda and enabled member states to foster an environment of collaboration for overcoming challenges on a global scale. Mr. El-Haddad holds Lebanese and Swiss citizenship. He is fluent in French, Arabic, English and Spanish and holds a “Diplôme D’études Approfondies” (DEA) and a Master of Laws (LLM) in International Economic and European Law from the Universities of Geneva and Lausanne.
Matthew McKinnon has over 20 years’ experience addressing climate change and global challenges within the United Nations, public and non-profit sectors. Currently, he is the Executive Director of Aroha, an international non-profit based out of Geneva that focuses on combating the climate emergency through international cooperation, communications and analysis. He is also Senior Advisor to the Global Center on Adaptation CEO and Chair of the Advisory Board of MSC Foundation. He established the secretariat of the Climate Vulnerable Forum and V20, a 58-member cooperation group of nations highly vulnerable to climate change, and is the body's lead advisor. He spearheaded a campaign for a 1.5 degrees Celsius limit in the Paris Agreement on climate change and has edited several global reports on climate vulnerability and low-carbon development, including the three editions of the ‘Climate Vulnerability Monitor’. He has also acted as an advisor on the Bangladesh, Costa Rica, Ethiopia, Ghana, Maldives, Marshall Islands, and Philippines delegations to the UN climate change convention negotiations (UNFCCC). Previously, Matthew has worked at the United Nations secretariat, the UN Development Programme (UNDP) and UNICEF. A New Zealand national, prior to the UN, Matthew worked in the country’s Cabinet Office. He also served as an advisor on climate change to former UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan between 2007-2010. He holds advanced degrees in international relations and economic and social history from the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva, and the University of Cambridge.
Marwan Mery is the only negotiator in the world to conduct critical negotiations (kidnapping and ransom, extortion, suicide), commercial, social, diplomatic and therapeutic negotiations, particularly when faced with patients refusing to take their treatment. Consultant to the United Nations and speaker at Harvard University in complex negotiations, he is the author of around ten successful books. He also manages ADN Group, a negotiator agency, made up of around thirty experts located in France and abroad. Marwan Mery is a former officer specializing in influence and crisis negotiation within the COS, the general staff of the French special forces. Each year, Marwan Mery conducts an average of 30 negotiations, gives 100 conferences and trains more than 1,000 people. Marwan Mery regularly appears in the major media (TF1, France 2, Canal+, LCI, La Chaîne Parlementaire, Le Monde, Le Point, Paris Match, France Inter, Les Échos, L'Express, Le Parisien, France bleu, RTL.. .) on themes related to negotiation and lie detection.
Corinne Momal-Vanian is the Executive Director of the Kofi Annan Foundation. Previously, she worked in various senior positions and a variety of countries for the United Nations, most recently as Director of Conference Management at the United Nations Office at Geneva (2015-2020) and Director of Information (2010-2015). Ms. Momal-Vanian served as Special Assistant to Kofi Annan in 2005 and 2006, traveling with him to some 20 countries as he worked to resolve crises, defuse tensions, highlight the plight of communities and individuals suffering from discrimination and abuses, build international cooperation and strengthen support for development and justice. She worked for a total of six years in the Executive Office of the Secretary-General, after serving in two regional economic and social commissions of the United Nations. Passionate about justice, gender equality, inclusion, innovation and learning, Ms. Momal-Vanian chaired the Steering Group of the International Gender Champions from 2016 to 2019 and was a co-organiser of the three editions of TEDxPlaceDesNations. A French citizen, she holds a master’s degree in business administration from HEC Graduate School of Management, Paris, an advanced degree in international relations from the Institut Etudes Politiques (Sciences Po) – Paris and an Executive Certificate in Management and Leadership from the MIT Sloan School of Management.
Ambassador Tosi Mpanu-Mpanu holds an MBA in Finance and Investments (2000, George Washington University) as well as a Masters in European Studies and International Relations (2013, Paris 1 Panthéon Sorbonne). He possesses over two decades of experience in the areas of sustainable development, climate finance, renewable energy, environment and diplomacy. As Chief Negotiator of the Democratic Republic of Congo for the negotiation process under the UN Climate Convention, he has attended most of the UN climate conferences since 2007. He was elected Chair of the Group of African Negotiators during the Copenhagen conference in December 2009 and held that position until the Durban conference in December 2011. Subsequently, he served as Chair of the Least Developed Countries (LDCs) Group from January to December 2016, as Chair of the Coalition of Rainforest Nations (CfRN) from 2017 to 2019, and as Chair of the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice (SBSTA) from 2020 et 2022. Previously, Amb. Tosi Mpanu Mpanu served on the Governing Board of the African Risk Capacity (2013-2021), a specialized agency of the African Union, as well as on the Board of the Green Climate Fund (2012-2018). He also held the positions of Senior Advisor to the Prime Minister (December 2016 to July 2017), Advisor to the Minister of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation for 4 years (2003-2007) and consultant at the World Bank in Washington from 2000 to 2003.
Elayne G. Whyte is the former Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs of Costa Rica and was Ambassador and Permanent Representative of Costa Rica to the United Nations. She is currently a Professor of Practice at Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies -SAIS- in Washington, D.C. In 2017 she was President of the United Nations Conference that negotiated and adopted the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons, which entered into force in 2021 and now has almost 100 signatories. She has served in different leadership positions in security and disarmament treaty-regimes and has led several global negotiation processes to fill legal or cooperation gaps in the fields of human rights, and global health at the World Health Organization (2015-2018) and regional integration. She also has served as the executive director of the Mesoamerica Integration & Development Project, which coordinates and delivers social and economic development projects across the Central American region. Elayne Whyte was a Fellow at Harvard University’s Weatherhead Scholars Program and at the Advanced Leadership Initiative, where she conducted research on global negotiations and led a study group on “negotiating for humanity.” She has also served as Adjunct Professor at the International Law Department of the United Nations-mandated University for Peace, in San Jose, Costa Rica and at the School of International Relations of the National University of Costa Rica. | ||||
7733 | dbpedia | 1 | 1 | https://thereader.mitpress.mit.edu/kofi-annan-reflection-on-the-black-experience-at-mit/ | en | Kofi Annan: Reflections on the Black Experience at MIT | [
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The discussion featured below is edited and excerpted from an oral history interview conducted by Clarence G.Williams with Kofi A. Annan in New York City, 7 August 1997. It first appeared in the book “Technology and the Dream: Reflections on the Black Experience at MIT, 1941–1999” which is freely available for download here. Several interviews from the book have been made available on the MIT Press Reader as part of our Reflections series.
Kofi Annan was the seventh secretary-general of the United Nations and the first black African to lead the organization. In 2001, four years after this interview was recorded, Annan and the United Nations were jointly awarded the Nobel Peace Prize “for their work for a better organized and more peaceful world.” “Peace must be sought, above all,” Annan stated in his acceptance speech, “because it is the condition for every member of the human family to live a life of dignity and security.” Kofi Annan died in 2018 at the age of 80.
Both my parents died a few years ago, but at a ripe age of 91 for my father and 90 for my mother. My father worked in the commercial area, for a branch of UNILEVER — known as the United African Company, Ltd. — and he became one of the directors of the company in Ghana. He also came from a family where he could have chosen to be a chief if he wanted to. I have three sisters and a brother. I had a twin sister who unfortunately passed away five years ago. I have a brother here in the States, who is in business. My other sisters and nephews and nieces are in Ghana, but my late sister’s sons are studying here to give them a chance to prepare themselves for the future.
What was it like growing up in Ghana in the 1940s and ’50s? I was fortunate in that I grew up at a time when the struggle for independence was at its peak. As a young person, I witnessed that struggle and the discussion about independence, about the role of the British, and when the Ghanaians should take over. All of this took place around me at home, at school, and with friends. My father and friends were all very actively engaged in these discussions. I was also fortunate enough to see the success of that operation. So I grew up in an atmosphere where change was possible, all was possible — and you could do things. I didn’t have a sense of inhibition that you shouldn’t even dare change things, because I lived it and I saw it happen. I walked out with a feeling that change is possible; it can be done, however monumental. That was a wonderful feeling for me, for a young person to have.
I recall a particular incident. I was at boarding school, and one of our teachers came up and put a broad sheet of paper — three feet by three feet — on the board, with a little black dot in the right-hand corner. He said, “Boys, what do you see?” There were about 40 of us in the class. We all shouted in unison, “A black dot!” He stepped back and said, “So not a single one of you saw the broad white sheet of paper. You all saw the black dot. This is the awful thing about human nature. People never see the goodness of things and the broader picture. Don’t go through life with that attitude.”
I’ve never forgotten that lesson. We are constantly doing this. Reader’s Digest did two terrible series of articles about the UN, and I wrote to them using this example. I said, “The UN has a solid record of achievement, but you are focusing on the black dot. I believe your readers deserve a better Digest.” They never published the letter.
You studied at the University of Science and Technology in Kumasi. What were your career goals at that time, and what was the experience like there?
It was an exhilarating and exciting experience. There was a dynamic group of young people studying at the university immediately after independence. Again, that same spirit — “We are going to develop the country, we are going to change the world, we are going to change Africa. ”We were all very engaged. We studied hard. We formed some long-lasting friendships. We all had our dreams. Perhaps at that time my dream was to get a good education and then come back to work and help build an independent Ghana. I think this was also the spirit which motivated quite a lot of my fellow students in those days. Politically, we were highly aware. We were also conscious of the responsibility and the opportunities we had to be given a good education and, above all, the possibility of playing a role in rebuilding this newly independent country. Then I got a grant to come to the States. I ended up at Macalester College.
That was one of the next things I was going to ask you about. What was that education like at Macalester College in St. Paul? Were there any other African students there? Did any people there play a major role in your career?
Yes. In fact, I went to Macalester because I got a Ford Foundation grant. They had a program called the Foreign Student Leadership Project. Through that program, they brought foreign students who they considered had leadership ability to study in the States. They placed them in quite a lot of American universities. The students were from Africa and other continents, but mainly from the third world. I’m still in touch with some of them. They’ve gone on to do some very interest- ing things in their own countries.
I was the only African at Macalester at the time. The student population was about 1,600, and it hasn’t grown very much. It was also my first winter, so you can imagine for a tropical child that was really extraordinary.
Quite an experience.
Yes. I don’t know if you heard my story about earmuffs, which has become quite famous in Minnesota by now. I went to speak at the college and I told them of an experience I had as a student. As a tropical child, having to put on layers and layers of clothing to go through the winter was very cumbersome for me, but I decided it was necessary because you could feel the cold. But there was one item that I was determined not to use — earmuffs. I thought they were inelegant. I was not going to touch them, until one day I went out to get something to eat and my ears nearly froze. I went and got the biggest pair I could find. I came away with a lesson from that experience; that you don’t walk into a situation and pretend you know better than the natives. That lesson has also stayed with me. Look around you and listen to them. They know the environment better than you can.
The education at Macalester was good. We had some wonderful teachers — like Professor Mittau, who was very strong in government and had this sense that public service was the thing to do. They were able to bring in some fascinating leaders, people like Hubert Humphrey who had gone to school there. Walter Mondale and other politicians often came back to campus to speak and one could relate to them. Macalester was also one of the schools that flew the UN flag from the beginning. So there was a UN flag flying with others — incredible, right from the beginning. The school has now become very international, but it has always espoused an international approach and diversity.
Were your career plans firmed up by the time you left Macalester and headed for graduate work at the Institute of Higher International Studies in Geneva? Had you decided by then on working in the diplomatic service or some international agency?
Not at that time. In fact, I was interested in international affairs and what was happening in the world. I was very much engaged. But that summer — two summers, the summer before I graduated and the summer I graduated — I worked for Pillsbury in Minnesota and also here in New York, at 30 Rockefeller Plaza. At that time Pillsbury was thinking of opening a big factory in Ghana and producing flour and processing food. Since I had been quite interested in seeing my own country develop, I had the intention of joining them and working for them in Ghana. My boss, Bill Spoor, subsequently became the chairman of the company, but much later.
I went to Geneva with the understanding that I would do graduate studies and then join them. Whilst I was in Geneva, the deal fell through. At that time Ghana was going in the socialist direction and decided that Romania would build the factory for them, therefore they didn’t need Pillsbury, which had bought a plot of land and everything. Of course, the mill wasn’t built until years later.
So I studied in Geneva and had gone to work in Paris, when a friend sent me an advertisement that the World Health Organization was looking for someone. He thought I might be interested. I applied and joined the international system in Geneva. I started with the World Health Organization as administrative officer trainee. I thought I would do two years and then go home and help build Ghana. I still have that dream. One thing led to another. After a couple of years in Geneva with the World Health Organization, I was determined to go to Africa and make a contribution. They had two offices in Africa — Brazzaville, Congo, and Alexandria, Egypt. I asked them to assign me to one or the other so that I could make a contribution on the continent. They wouldn’t do it, so I resigned. I resigned and went to Ethiopia for six years to work for the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa. I worked in Ethiopia from 1965 to 1971. I did what I wanted to do, make a contribution to the continent. It was from Ethiopia that I came to the Sloan School at MIT.
How was that experience as a Sloan Fellow?
It was a unique experience and a very useful one. By the time I left Addis Ababa I had been doing lots of deep thinking and asking lots of questions, questions one would perhaps normally ask much later in life. I was in my early thirties. What am I about? Who am I? What am I doing? Where do I want to go and why? I really needed time to step back, to think, to reflect, and to do something. So I decided to take a year. I almost did it in 1970. I came to Sloan in 1971. I had been offered a place in 1970, but my boss said, “I need you. We’re going to do this ministerial conference for ministers of finance and industry for Africa in Tunis. You are one of the key people handling it and I cannot let you go, so give me another year.” So I asked MIT to postpone it for a year.
I came to MIT in 1971. It was very useful. There we were, a group of dynamic young people — each believing he was a leader, each believing he was born to lead or had achieved a lot, each determined to prove that he was the best. It was a very competitive atmosphere. Of course, one gets swept up in this. Everyone goes along. After about six weeks or so, I had to ask, “Well, what’s all this? Why do I have to do it their way?” So I went for a long walk along the Charles River. I decided, “I don’t have to get swept up in this frenetic attitude. I have to do it my way. I don’t need that. I should listen to my own inner drummer and do it my way.”
That sort of decision, that sort of inner compass that makes you do things at your own pace in your own way, also gives you considerable freedom and strength. It allows you to participate but also to stand back and observe. In the process, I learned a lot. I got to know these guys. We worked together. Quite a few of them came to the same conclusion, though it took some of them much longer. They began to relax. They began to have a bit more fun. I think you’d find they learned much more in that mode than in the earlier mode.
An aside. My wife and I have been host parents for African students for about 20 years. You remind us so much of a young man whom we actually became family to when he was a freshman. He just got his Ph.D. at MIT in electrical engineering.
What’s his name?
John Ofori-Tenkorang.
That’s very good. I met one of them when I was in Boston recently. Willard Johnson and I did something there. The student probably was one of the Ghanaian students.
In your commencement address at MIT, you talked a little bit about this kind of competitiveness you just spoke of. But do you recall, were there any people there who were influential for you? Or was it the atmosphere of the place that you remember the most?
You had the atmosphere, and there were a couple of my own fellows and also a couple of professors who were doing research and searching in direc- tions that interested me very much. I got to know Ed Schein and Lester Thurow quite well. Bill Pounds was there at that time and so was Peter Gil.
Yes, I know all of them very well.
I was quite interested in the work that Schein was doing in group dynamics and interpersonal dynamics, which was useful in getting one to understand one’s environment and one’s relationship to others. At the beginning I was quite shocked — well, shocked perhaps is too strong a word. I was surprised that these successful, macho, strong colleagues of mine were hesitant about getting into that sort of work. I recall one day a very interesting experience. We had had a discussion — I think we had a group of 40 or 44 — and I had proposed that we should do more work in this area of group and interpersonal dynamics, because in the final analysis it boils down to people’s problems. If you’re going to be dealing with people, you need to understand their relationships and how they impact others and how they impact you. I realized the group was very uncomfortable with that. So Ed Schein said, “Kofi has made a proposal. What do you think?” There was silence in the room. A hand went up and one fellow said, “Well, he’s got his answer; it’s loud and clear.” And Ed asked, “What was that?” He said, “Dead silence, that’s what we think of his proposal.”
There was an interesting English fellow in the group who was a friend of mine and who was also interested in this. He said, “Well, we can start with dreams. Everybody dreams. We would all like to understand that. Why can’t we start with dreams, for example?” And the fellow came back — the first fellow — and said, “What kind of dreams are you talking about, whilst you are asleep or whilst you are awake?” So my English friend shot back, “I don’t think it much matters since some of us don’t know when we are asleep and when we are awake.” So Ed said, “Why don’t you break up for ten minutes, talk among yourselves, and then come back — have coffee and come back.”
We broke, and I went to the coffee machine to get some coffee. These tough, big, successful guys walked up to me and said, “Look, Kofi, we have built up this system of life for ourselves and it works. Before you and Schein decide to mess around with it, you’d better decide what else you’re going to replace it with.” Then it came home to me how threatened they felt when such sensitive questions were asked, when certain things had to be confronted — Who are you? Who am I? Where am I? It can be quite unsettling. I think it is not a question that one can just ask. You need to perhaps get to a certain level of maturity and development for those things to come to you naturally. Maybe it cannot be imposed until one is ready. If you are not ready, it can be unsettling.
You attended universities — Macalester and MIT — during the civil rights movement. What was your impression of the civil rights movement? What was your impression of Martin Luther King, Jr., and other civil rights activists, as well as of their opponents?
I think it was an important era for this country in the 20th century. You had in Martin Luther King and other human rights leaders individuals who through their own leadership abilities were able to raise the national consciousness, who went beyond the plight of one group or another and basically indicated that as a nation, we were not doing what we committed ourselves to do under the Constitution, that we were not looking after the less fortunate in our midst, and that we needed to act. I think those who had chosen to ignore the problem, those who had not been sensitive or aware enough to act, or those who felt nothing could be done about it and therefore were resigned, were all motivated to confront the issue and try and do something.
So I thought it was very positive. In all periods of change of that kind, there are some excesses which come with the effort to bring about a change in the established order. But I had a great deal of admiration for Martin Luther King and other civil rights leaders, and also for leaders like Kennedy who were sensitive to the cries of these leaders. It takes two to tango. For somebody like me, having as I said grown up in pre-independent Ghana where the search and the struggle for freedom was the atmosphere or the environment, it was fascinating for me to be here at that time and see the changes that were being brought about.
You mentioned the time in Ghana as well. One of the things that are clear is that you interrupted your civil service career and worked for a few years in Ghana.
Yes, I did.
What was that like? These were in a way troubled times there.
Yes. It was part of that same dream to want to go back, to want to do something for the country. I went back. I left the UN and went back to Ghana as the managing director of the Ghana Tourist Development Company. It was a desire to serve. It had nothing to do with money or conditions of service. In fact, several of my friends and colleagues thought I was crazy. They said, “How can you quit the job you have and go home and take on something with a salary that is less than the rent you pay each month?” I said, “I think we should serve and I am going to try and do my best.”
It was a very fulfilling and exciting period, but at the same time frustrating — frustrating in the sense that the timing was perhaps not appropriate. But the mood of those in leadership, their sense of direction was still in the direction of socialism and determination to control what they called “commanding heights” of the national economy. They were more into control than creativity and getting the people to do things, energizing the people, getting individuals and groups to do things. In fact, some of the things I suggested we should do and they resisted have been done, but almost 15 years later. It was also a military regime at the time. We kept arguing and trying to explain to them. Of course, they were not used to that sort of discus- sion. They were used to giving orders, and I was not very good at taking orders. I felt we should be able to discuss issues and really do what was right for the country.
So I established some plans, developed some blueprints, and then told them that maybe what it took to get things done in that atmosphere were skills and talents that I didn’t have. I saw so much that could be done and so much that could be achieved with very little money, with just good organization and dedication. Most of the countries in Africa are suffering from the effects of accumulated mismanagement. There are talented people, there are resources, but they don’t always get the chance to do what they have to or what they want to. I think when we look around us, we see from the case of Japan or Malaysia or others that development is a question of people, not necessarily of natural resources. There are good people who have sometimes not been given a chance to do things. Unfortunately, there are also lots of talented people who are outside the country. We have to find some way of reversing that brain drain and getting them back home, getting them to go the other way.
I recall an incident during that period in Ghana. We had so much to do. I was working very long hours, at a rather fast pace. Once we were going to look at a site where we wanted to put a tourist village. We were walking very briskly and one of my assistants who was a bit slow was panting and trying to keep up with us. A friend stopped him and said, “Are you all right?You seem to be panting.” He said, “Oh, I’m okay. I have a new managing director who is so active and so dynamic — pushing us in all directions, wanting us to do everything straight away.” The fellow said, “Who is this?” I was within earshot, but he didn’t know. He added: “Where’d he come from?” My assistant said, “He just came from Geneva. He’s been here a week. He came from Geneva and he wants to do everything.” So the other one said, “Don’t worry, the heat will slow him down.”
The heat had nothing to do with it. In other words, their point was,“I’m not going to adapt and change to this new pace and all that. We’re going to slow him down and the heat is on our side.”
As a career diplomat, you have worked your way up through the ranks of the international civil service to hold important positions in the United Nations. What have you learned that you would pass on to young blacks worldwide who seek to be successful in careers such as yours?
My advice to them is to be disciplined, work hard, show good judgment, and over time develop that inner compass that steers you when it comes to the issue of what is right and what is wrong. They should listen to their own inner drummer, do it their way and not be buffeted by external forces. It can help you, it can hold you back, but in the final analysis it is always you, something internal — you and you alone. I know that sometimes some of us feel worried that we will be discriminated against, that we will not be accepted because of our color. I don’t think that should be a major preoccupation. I would want them to remember something Eleanor Roosevelt once said: “No one can make you feel inferior without your consent.” They should never give that consent. Others may have a problem, but they shouldn’t make it their problem. They should also try not to get too involved in office quarrels, struggles, and fights. Those things take too much out of one. They are negative forces. Yes, others around them may fight, but they should carry on with their work. Even when they are the targets they should take the high road. The others will tire, they will tire over time.
In March 1997, MIT hosted a conference on Africa attended by scholars and policy specialists. What do you see as the potential for institutions such as MIT to play in international affairs and specifically in furthering the kinds of goals emphasized by the United Nations under your leadership?
I think institutions like MIT have an important role to play in several ways — first, in identifying emerging issues, themes, and problems, in doing research on them to support the needs of society, and in exposing the issues and getting policymakers to think. It could be in the area of sustainable development, it could be the environment, it could be the issue of climatic change and global warming which everybody is now beginning to accept. But for a long time people were saying, “This is baloney, where is the proof?” These are areas where institutions like MIT can do a lot.
I would hope that in the education we give to the young — because we are preparing the leaders of the 21st century, they are our future — they will come to understand that the world today is an interdependent world, a global village. No one — whether you are a politician, a manager, or a local official — can afford to think in purely local terms. If you do, you are going to be a loser down the line. Today, we are dealing with problems that I call problems without passports and without boundaries, which no one country can resolve and which require international solutions. So if we can teach these young people about what lies beyond our borders, encourage them to learn foreign languages — which in effect means respect for other cultures and understanding of other cultures — they will grow up better prepared for the world in which they are going to live.
I would also hope that MIT can continue its research and work with engineers and scientists to find ways and means of making available the latest technologies — information technology and technological innovations — to help developing countries, and some of the least developed, to leap-frog some of the steps needed to develop their own region. We are now facing a situation where it’s not a question of the haves and the have-nots, but of technology-rich and technology-poor regions. When you don’t have the information, you don’t have the technology, and when you don’t have the education, the gap grows even wider. But the technology and information also give us opportunities to tackle some of these problems. I guess what I am saying is that the university should not become an ivory tower, it should work with society in search of solutions that have greatest impact on society and the common good. There are lots of ways that MIT can play a role. | ||||
7733 | dbpedia | 0 | 19 | https://www.ccny.cuny.edu/news/kofi-annan-at-ccny | en | Former UN Chief Kofi Annan to Speak at CCNY February 8 | https://www.ccny.cuny.edu/themes/custom/ccny_theme/favicon.ico | https://www.ccny.cuny.edu/themes/custom/ccny_theme/favicon.ico | [
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Former United Nations Secretary-General Kofi Annan, whose leadership of the world body earned him the 2001 Nobel Peace Prize, will deliver an address at The City College of New York 10 a.m. Friday, February 8. His talk will cover the challenges he faced as secretary-general and the future of the United Nations. It coincides with the launch of his published official papers, which are held at City College.
The speech, titled “Kofi Annan: Insights into a Challenging Decade and the Future of the UN,” will be delivered in The Great Hall, Shepard Hall, and is free and open to the public. It is presented by the Colin L. Powell Center for Leadership and Service.
Lynne Rienner Publishers published Mr. Annan’s collected papers as a five-volume set following a six-year joint CCNY-Yale University project. Jean E. Krasno, initiative director for multilateral diplomacy and international organizations with the Colin Powell Center, headed the project.
The collection offers an organized historical record of selected public and declassified papers of the former UN chief, Dr. Krasno said. It makes the breadth and depth of his work accessible to scholars, students and policymakers, she added.
“Mr. Annan is a pivotal leader who focused the world's attention on the global HIV/AIDS pandemic, confronted human-rights issues in Africa and has served as a tireless peacemaker in critical conflicts, most recently as the joint special envoy to the Syrian crisis,” noted Dr. Krasno, who also directs CCNY’s graduate international relations program.
The papers reveal the Ghanaian-born diplomat’s pivotal role in settling conflicts, she added. “They demonstrate Kofi Annan’s unique ability to negotiate settlements and to find peaceful solutions in conflict situations. And they lead us to understand why he was selected as joint special envoy to Syria.”
Dr. Krasno noted that Mr. Annan led the United Nations (1997-2006) at a very important period in international relations, spanning the end of the Cold War and the aftermath of the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks. “He also holds a unique position because he established new expanded norms for the international community in terms of their role and responsibilities,” she said.
The collection also highlights Mr. Annan’s leadership in focusing the world’s attention on the global HIV/AIDS pandemic, his evolving and increasingly concrete anti-poverty efforts and his work to confront human-rights issues in Africa. He received the Nobel Peace Prize in 2001 for his role in establishing a global AIDS fund for developing countries.
Mr. Annan authorized the CCNY-Yale project, enabling access to papers that otherwise would have been locked up for 20 years in UN archives, in accordance with the organization’s policy. The volumes include public papers, such as speeches, declassified internal notes between Kofi Annan and his advisers, and off-the-cuff encounters with the press.
About Kofi Atta Annan
Kofi Atta Annan served as the seventh Secretary-General of the United Nations from 1997 to 2006. He was the first UN head to be appointed from within the ranks of the organization. His tenure spanned the post-Cold War era and the aftermath of the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks. Mr. Annan was credited for instilling fresh impetus in the United Nations in conflict resolution and preserving peace.
After five years in office, Mr. Annan and the United Nations were awarded the 2001 Nobel Peace Prize. The Nobel Committee applauded the Secretary-General and noted that he “had been pre-eminent in bringing new life to the Organization.”
Born in Kumasi, Ghana, in what was then the British colony of the Gold Coast, Mr. Annan was educated at a Methodist boarding school where he said he was taught that “suffering anywhere concerns people everywhere.” He attended Macalester College in St. Paul, Minn., on a Ford Foundation scholarship, and graduated with a BS in economics in 1961. He also studied at the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies in Geneva and was a Sloan Fellow at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Mr. Annan earned an MS degree in management from MIT in 1972.
A United Nations official for most of his professional life, Mr. Annan joined the organization in 1962 as an administrative and budget officer for the World Health Organization. He was involved in Ghana’s tourism industry in the mid-1970s, but later returned to the UN. On March 1, 1993, he was appointed undersecretary-general for peacekeeping operations, a position he held until he began his term as Secretary-General in 1997.
In an unprecedented move, the Security Council and General Assembly reappointed Secretary-General Annan to a second term in June 2001 instead of waiting until late in the year, as is usual. He completed his ten years in office on December 31, 2006. Mr. Annan remains active in world affairs, and was instrumental in obtaining the agreement for a coalition government in Kenya that ended the violence following the country’s December 2007 presidential elections.
In 2012, Mr. Annan was named special envoy to Syria by both the United Nations and the League of Arab States to seek a peaceful solution to the conflict there. He remained in the position for six months, stepping down in August 2012. He currently directs the Kofi Annan Foundation in Geneva, Switzerland.
On the Internet | |||
7733 | dbpedia | 2 | 77 | http://souvenirchronicles.blogspot.com/2014/10/africa-ghana-overview.html | en | Souvenir Chronicles: AFRICA: GHANA OVERVIEW | [
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7733 | dbpedia | 0 | 39 | https://www.linkedin.com/posts/delaneykerkhof_a-few-weeks-ago-i-graduated-with-an-mba-from-activity-7209299867800670209-slc3 | en | Delaney Kerkhof on LinkedIn: A few weeks ago I graduated with an MBA from the MIT Sloan School of… | https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/D5622AQGww1yV3kgs0A/feedshare-shrink_2048_1536/feedshare-shrink_2048_1536/0/1718831028876?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=DYT_h4GILWOFEkjxTSUQmCoOaIHMMWcLRcrj60R5d4U | https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/D5622AQGww1yV3kgs0A/feedshare-shrink_2048_1536/feedshare-shrink_2048_1536/0/1718831028876?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=DYT_h4GILWOFEkjxTSUQmCoOaIHMMWcLRcrj60R5d4U | [
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"Delaney Kerkhof"
] | 2024-06-19T21:03:50.775000+00:00 | A few weeks ago I graduated with an MBA from the MIT Sloan School of Management. The last two years have been a period of focused personal and professional… | 37 comments on LinkedIn | en | https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/al2o9zrvru7aqj8e1x2rzsrca | https://www.linkedin.com/posts/delaneykerkhof_a-few-weeks-ago-i-graduated-with-an-mba-from-activity-7209299867800670209-slc3 | How MIT Sloan Got Its Name: The Real Story Behind the Naming Did you happen to know? The MIT Sloan School of Management owes its name to the Sloan Programs (MIT Sloan Fellows MBA/MS, Stanford Sloan MSx and LBS Sloan MSc), not vice versa. Here’s how it happened: In the early 20th century, Alfred P. Sloan, the legendary leader of General Motors, faced a significant challenge: his engineers needed more managerial skills. To address this, Sloan collaborated with MIT’s Erwin H. Schell to create the 1st* university-based full-time executive education program in 1931, the Sloan Fellows Program. Sloan's vision continued. Recognizing the broader need for management education, he endowed MIT with $5.25 million through the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, which led to the establishment of the MIT Sloan School of Management in 1952. So next time someone mentions the MIT Sloan School of Management, remember: it’s named after the groundbreaking Sloan Programs, of which the very first was created at MIT to turn GM engineers into top-tier managers. MiM programs are for graduate students to set sail for their careers, Full-time MBA programs are for junior management career transitions, and Executive MBA programs are mainly for accelerations to mid-level management posts. The Sloan programs have multiple purposes but are mainly for mid-to-senior leadership preparations. By Alfred P. Sloan’s design back in 1930, MIT Sloan aims to prepare mid-career engineering managers for senior positions. The Stanford Sloan MSx program is designed for experienced emerging leaders transitioning to mid-level roles, particularly in technology and entrepreneurship. The LBS Sloan program is targeted at senior executives looking to accelerate into senior management team and C-suite roles, as well as other top management positions such as Board of Directors, non-executive directors, and senior advisors. * The world's first part-time Executive MBA was launched at the University of Chicago in 1943, while the full-time Sloan Fellows began teaching in 1931. #ManagementHistory #BusinessEducation #Leadership #Innovation #MIT #GM #SloanPrograms #MBA #EMBA #ExecutiveMBA #ExecutiveEducation #SloanFellows #ManagementEducation #LBS #Stanford #MIT Stanford University Stanford University Graduate School of Business London Business School
Here is a day in the life of MIT, the #1 ranked school in the world according to the 2024 QS World University Rankings. The MIT Sloan School of Management is ranked number 3 according to the 2023-2024 US News Rankings and number 11 according to the 2023 Financial Times Rankings. Fun Fact 2 - Did you know that Kofi Annan, former Secretary-General of the United Nations, and Indira Nooyi, former CEO of PepsiCo both attended MIT Sloan? Another fun fact is that we've successfully helped clients get into MIT’s business school, MIT Sloan School of Management with scholarships and similar top business schools. If you want to get into MIT Sloan or other top business schools abroad, our MBA online course is now available. Click http://bit.ly/47VHyQ6 to get the EARLY BIRD at a reduced price. #scholarships #mba #studyabroad
These last three months at Northwestern University - Kellogg School of Management were the perfect complement after the Sofaer Global MBA at Tel Aviv University. I used this quarter to delve more into Product Management, and to gain new perspectives in Organizational Strategy, two areas that I hope to combine in future endeavors and projects. Kellogg's 'high-impact, low-ego' mantra, its focus on fostering teamwork and its lively atmosphere were some of the reasons I landed here. And expectations were highly exceeded. I was offered the whole range of MBA courses to participate, and I think I could not have made better choices than the ones I made. This was possible thanks to the amazing professors I had. Birju Shah, Niko Matouschek, Michal Maimaran, Craig Wortmann, Jodi Glickman, Paul Leinwand, Cesare R. Mainardi, each of you contributed from your own fields to broaden my knowledge, and that is something I will always be grateful for. With this picture in one of study rooms after my final exam, I mark the completion of my MBA journey. Now, let's get back to business.
Excited to share that I've officially graduated with my MBA from the D'Amore-McKim School of Business at Northeastern University! I am grateful for the invaluable lessons, experiences, and connections that have fueled my journey. Excited to embark on the next chapter with a newfound perspective and determination! Key Learnings: --Differentiated between management and leadership, understanding the essence of effective guidance. --Embraced the importance of seeking assistance when faced with challenges. --Leveraged data-driven insights to inform strategic decision-making. --Cultivated a robust network, recognizing its significance in personal and professional growth. --Strategic thinking through analyzing complex business situations, anticipating future trends, and developing proactive strategies to achieve organizational objectives through case analyses --Entrepreneurial mindset through a proactive approach to problem-solving, a willingness to take calculated risks, and an unwavering commitment to innovation and growth. Global Perspective: --Immersed myself in two enriching International Field Study Programs in Mexico City, Mexico, and Santiago, Chile, where I honed my skills in crafting global expansion strategies and consulting with diverse industries. Professional Milestones: --Secured a 6-Month Strategic Insights Co-op at Werfen, where I led cross-departmental initiatives, developed tools for the venture capital arm, and spearheaded an impactful internal marketing campaign. Leadership Journey: --Joined as a founding member and led as President of the Graduate Female Leaders Club, fostering empowerment and growth within our community. --Proudly represented D’Amore-McKim School of Business for AACSB Accreditation, ensuring our commitment to excellence. --Contributed as one of three MBA members on the Graduate Career Center Advisory Board, guiding fellow students towards their professional aspirations. --Engaged as a mentee in the Graduate Mentor Program, learning from seasoned professionals and sharing insights with peers. Reflecting on this journey, I'm grateful for the incredible experiences and accomplishments that have shaped my growth. | |||
7733 | dbpedia | 3 | 83 | https://www.ft.com/content/c2d31f14-7caa-11e0-b9e3-00144feabdc0 | en | Subscribe to read | https://www.ft.com/__origami/service/image/v2/images/raw/ftlogo-v1%3Abrand-ft-logo-square-coloured?source=update-logos&format=svg | https://www.ft.com/__origami/service/image/v2/images/raw/ftlogo-v1%3Abrand-ft-logo-square-coloured?source=update-logos&format=svg | [
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7733 | dbpedia | 1 | 75 | http://blog.mulerasfireplace.com/engage/should-going-back-to-the-past-be-the-future-for-makerere-university--9452 | en | Should going back to the past be the future for Makerere University? | https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/3fIr3EBdtNg970_gW8c4ObkTiw5dhvBQqni181gkEsdSeV9HTynudrELb77WX3m2O5M=h900-rw | [
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] | null | [] | 2018-01-01T23:44:00 | Let me be blunt and say right off the bat that the suggestion re “Turn Makerere into science courses University” is a pretty questionable idea ... | Muniini K. Mulera | https://blog.mulerasfireplace.com/engage/should-going-back-to-the-past-be-the-future-for-makerere-university--9452 | Let me be blunt and say right off the bat that the suggestion re “Turn Makerere into science courses University” is a pretty questionable idea that, like many “initiatives” these days, is probably being promoted by political sycophants and opportunists.
Someone much wiser than me once remarked: “Civilization is in a race between education and catastrophe. Let us learn the truth and spread it as far and wide as our circumstances allow. For the truth is the greatest weapon we have.” ― H.G. Wells
What is being floated is not new. It is the suggestion that the main sector of higher education that is relevant and should be supported by the public sector is Science-Technology-Engineering-Mathematics (STEM) studies, capped with some management studies (to wit, MBA degrees). We are supposed to forget about foundational liberal arts and basic science degrees. Never mind that a Harvard or Penn or Chicago MBA mostly imbues partakers with networking skills, and has relatively little, if anything, to do with the enhancement of foundational cognitive development. Ironically, this type of thinking has been used to fan the anti-intellectual populism of Donald Trump, Farage and UKIP and BREXIT, and other like movements in Europe, Turkey, India, Philippines and other places.
I support teaching and research in the liberal arts and science as the basic foundation of an educated, egalitarian, democratic, free and non-elitist society. We need an education system that can lift the level of public literacy, with an emphasis on foundational cognitive development in fields of knowledge. Learning should not be so pre-occupied with generic programmes and social networks-building that people become numb to facing facts and the truth, hide behind clichés, shun knowledge of things that challenge their sensibilities or even capacities, and lose track of public virtue, public interest, social justice and social improvement. If a major centre of learning like Makerere does not include liberal arts and science education, the institution is diminished in stature, and the country is deprived of basic intellectual capacity building that is at the core of nation building.
Liberal arts and science is the best antidote to Nazism, Stalinism, Musevenism, Trumpism, Quaddafism, and all those self-promoting and opportunistic pseudo-ideologies that have done so much damage to the world. For Africans (especially Ugandans) who think that STEM (imported root-stock-and-barrel from the West) is the simple answer to their woes, I have this message: foundational liberal arts and science education has the potential to be the catalyst that helps us to come to terms with the most fundamental strategic challenge of our time. That challenge is to reconcile our African ways of living, and doing things with the European, Chinese, Arabic and other ways. The biggest tragi-drama of Africa since “Independence” has arguably been the Africans (especially our leaders’) pained struggle to preserve and share our intrinsic knowledge, socio-economic, politico-governance and technologies with others while also adopting and adapting other’s ways.
When I was a student in the US, in the 1970s and 1980s, I met many generously funded students from Libya. They only studied physical and biological sciences and technology subjects. I once asked one of the Libyan students in the College of Agriculture why there were no Libyan students at all in the liberal arts courses. He had become what I would call a friend, and he went to a leadership role in the Libyan Ministry of Agriculture. The then student and future Minister told me that the Libyan Government (meaning Muammar Qaddafi) had decided that there was no need for Libyans to study liberal arts courses. He went on to explain the Government and the Muammar knew all the sociology, political science, anthropology, history, and other like subjects and issues, and that the general population did not have to be involved in those subjects! Hence, all that Libyan students had to do was to study science, engineering, agriculture, architecture, veterinary medicine, and other like pursuits. I told my friend that Libya would live to regret that policy. Many years later, after Qaddafi was pursued out of office and murdered with Western connivance, I was not surprised that many scientist and engineers in the country had no idea whatsoever how to organise any semblance of a new governance and administrative structure. Apparently, may be seeing the writing on the wall, Qaddafi had arranged for at least one of his sons to study economics at the London School of Economics; but that son was swept-up in the changes and ended up in jail. Whenever I have read Museveni’s ridiculing attacks on liberal arts and science education, I have wondered whether he also has the Qaddafi streak of believing that he has a certain monopoly on knowledge and truth that other Ugandans cannot be trusted to possess.
However, let that digression be left to another day. Ultimately, one cannot be dogmatic. Obviously, there needs to be room for both liberal arts and science studies and STEM-styled studies. How this is organised in central to the integrity of a country’s education system. A core argument for turning Makerere into a STEM-style university seems to be that, with the proliferation of publicly funded institutions of higher learning, there is duplication of course and programmes, and hence, a need for to rationalise institutions and allot specialised disciplines to various institutions. It goes without saying that every education system needs its equivalents of Oxford, Cambridge, Sorbonne, Paris, Harvard, Yale, Berkeley, Delhi, Bombay, Stellenbosch, Makerere and other centres of learning that excel in all areas of education, whether liberal arts and sciences or technology and management. Except in the US, most such comprehensive liberal arts and research universities are publicly sponsored. Such institutions have produced national political leaders, captains of industry, discoverers and inventors and Nobel laureates at more prolific rates than specialised universities. Eventually, even institutions like the MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology), the Land Grant Universities of Agriculture and Technology in the US, and the network of twenty-three IITs (Indian Institute of Technology) re-assessed their original technical-subjects-only mandates, and have all built strong foundational liberal arts and basic sciences programmes. They all now offer comprehensive programmes that cater to the liberal arts, basic science and technological education and research.
It is beyond comprehension why anyone would start to wind the clock back on Makerere University and transport it back to 1922 when it opened as a technical college. What Makerere needs is to be taken further into the future and developed as comprehensive world-class education and research institution.
The question of duplication of public education programmes in Uganda’s public universities really centres on the reason why and the ways in which these institutions were established in the first place. Many public universities were set up for purely political reasons. Some, like Kabale University, were set up by private parties and then passed on to the Government after they floundered. The rationalisation, which could include the closure of some of these mushroom institution, does not have be centred on the gutting of the only, so far, near-world class comprehensive education and research university in the country.
Another boogeyman of a reason that is floated for reducing the funding of liberal arts and basic sciences education is that it is difficult for liberal arts and science graduates to find employment. There is nothing further from the truth on this one. Studies in North America and UK have revealed that unemployment is lower among liberal arts and science graduates than among those with more technologically oriented degrees. Moreover, most graduates, all over the world, are fond to be working at jobs that are far from those for which they were trained. Many positions are generic, and many so-called specialist positions are often occupied by non-specialist graduates.
When asked to rate the main causes of graduate unemployment, only 34% of students from 123 institutions in the UK blamed the university courses that they had taken. Instead, 68% of the respondents pointed at poor teaching as the major cause of unemployment woes. If poor teaching is the main cause of graduate unemployment in the UK, think how much more this is a problem in Uganda. Those who recommend the gutting of Makerere and its reversion to a technical institution need to seriously reflect on the teaching conditions and standards, including underpaid and unmotivated staff, as the, arguably, most significant issue that is facing higher education in Uganda today.
Let us be true to the Makerere Motto: WE BUILD FOR THE FUTURE. | |||||
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] | 2018-08-18T00:00:00 | Kofi Annan, one of the world’s most celebrated diplomats and a charismatic symbol of the United Nations who rose through its ranks to become the first black African secretary-general, has died. | en | Twin Cities | https://www.twincities.com/2018/08/18/kofi-annan-obituary-dies-macalster-un-secretary-general/ | To place an obituary, please include the information from the obituary checklist below in an email to obits@pioneerpress.com. There is no option to place them through our website. Feel free to contact our obituary desk at 651-228-5263 with any questions.
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By Francis Kokutse and John Heilprin
Kofi Annan, a charismatic global diplomat and the first black African to become United Nations secretary-general who led the world body through one of its most turbulent periods, died early Saturday at age 80.
Tributes flowed in from around the world after his foundation announced his death in the Swiss capital, Bern, after a short and unspecified illness. The statement remembered the Nobel Peace Prize winner as “radiating genuine kindness, warmth and brilliance in all he did.”
He died “peacefully in his sleep,” the president of Ghana, where Annan was born, said after speaking to his wife.
At U.N. headquarters in New York, the U.N. flag flew at half-staff and a bouquet of flowers was placed under Annan’s portrait.
Reflecting the widespread regard that won him a groundbreaking uncontested election to a second term, leaders from Russia, India, Israel, France and elsewhere expressed condolences for a man Bill Gates called “one of the great peacemakers of our time.”
Annan spent virtually his entire career as an administrator in the United Nations. His aristocratic style, cool-tempered elegance and political savvy helped guide his ascent to become its seventh secretary-general, and the first hired from within. His two terms were from Jan. 1, 1997, to Dec. 31, 2006, capped nearly midway when he and the U.N. were jointly awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2001.
During his tenure, Annan presided over some of the worst failures and scandals at the world body. Challenges from the outset forced him to spend much of his time struggling to restore its tarnished reputation.
His enduring moral prestige remained largely undented, however, both through charm and by virtue of having negotiated with most of the powers in the world.
When he departed from the United Nations, he left behind a global organization far more aggressively engaged in peacekeeping and fighting poverty, setting the framework for its 21st-century response to mass atrocities and its emphasis on human rights and development.
“In many ways, Kofi Annan was the United Nations,” current U.N. Secretary-General Antonio Guterres said. “He rose through the ranks to lead the organization into the new millennium with matchless dignity and determination.”
Even out of office, Annan never completely left the U.N. orbit. He returned in special roles, including as the U.N.-Arab League’s special envoy to Syria in 2012. He remained a powerful advocate for global causes through his eponymous foundation.
Annan took on the top U.N. post six years after the collapse of the Soviet Union and presided during a decade when the world united against terrorism after the Sept. 11 attacks — then divided deeply over the U.S.-led war against Iraq. The U.S. relationship tested him as a world diplomatic leader.
“I think that my darkest moment was the Iraq war, and the fact that we could not stop it,” Annan said in a February 2013 interview with TIME magazine to mark the publication of his memoir, “Interventions: A Life in War and Peace.”
“I worked very hard — I was working the phone, talking to leaders around the world. The U.S. did not have the support in the Security Council,” Annan recalled in the videotaped interview posted on his foundation’s website.
“So they decided to go without the council. But I think the council was right in not sanctioning the war,” he said. “Could you imagine if the U.N. had endorsed the war in Iraq, what our reputation would be like? Although at that point, President (George W.) Bush said the U.N. was headed toward irrelevance, because we had not supported the war. But now we know better.”
Despite his well-honed diplomatic skills, Annan was never afraid to speak candidly. That didn’t always win him fans, particularly in the case of Bush’s administration, with whom Annan’s camp spent much time bickering. Much of his second term was spent at odds with the United States, the U.N.’s biggest contributor, as he tried to lean on it to pay almost $2 billion in arrears.
At the end of his Nobel acceptance speech Annan reminded the world why such pressure is necessary. “Beneath the surface of states and nations, ideas and language, lies the fate of individual human beings in need,” he said. “Answering their needs will be the mission of the United Nations in the century to come.”
Kofi Atta Annan was born April 8, 1938, into an elite family in Kumasi, Ghana, the son of a provincial governor and grandson of two tribal chiefs.
He shared his middle name Atta — “twin” in Ghana’s Akan language — with a twin sister, Efua. He became fluent in English, French and several African languages, attending an elite boarding school and the University of Science and Technology in Kumasi. He finished his undergraduate work in economics at Macalester College in St. Paul, Minnesota, in 1961. From there he went to Geneva, where he began his graduate studies in international affairs and launched his U.N. career.
Annan married Titi Alakija, a Nigerian woman, in 1965, and they had a daughter, Ama, and a son, Kojo. He returned to the U.S. in 1971 and earned a master’s degree at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology’s Sloan School of Management. The couple separated during the 1970s and, while working in Geneva, Annan met his second wife, Swedish lawyer Nane Lagergren. They married in 1984.
Annan worked for the U.N. Economic Commission for Africa in Ethiopia, its Emergency Force in Egypt and the office of the High Commissioner for Refugees in Geneva before taking a series of senior posts at U.N. headquarters in New York dealing with human resources, budget, finance and staff security.
He also had special assignments. After Iraq invaded Kuwait in 1990, he facilitated the repatriation from Iraq of more than 900 international staff and other non-Iraqi nationals, and the release of Western hostages in Iraq. He led the initial negotiations with Iraq for the sale of oil in exchange for humanitarian relief.
Just before becoming secretary-general, Annan served as U.N. peacekeeping chief and as special envoy to the former Yugoslavia, where he oversaw a transition in Bosnia from U.N. protective forces to NATO-led troops.
The U.N. peacekeeping operation faced two of its greatest failures during his tenure: the Rwanda genocide in 1994 and the massacre in the Bosnian town of Srebrenica in July 1995.
In both cases, the U.N. had deployed troops under Annan’s command, but they failed to save the lives of the civilians they were mandated to protect. Annan offered apologies but ignored calls to resign by U.S. Republican lawmakers. After becoming secretary-general, he called for U.N. reports on those two debacles — and they were highly critical of his management.
As secretary-general, Annan forged his experiences into a doctrine called the “Responsibility to Protect” that countries accepted — at least in principle — to head off genocide, crimes against humanity, ethnic cleansing and war crimes.
Annan sought to strengthen the U.N.’s management, coherence and accountability, efforts that required huge investments in training and technology, a new whistleblower policy and financial disclosure requirements.
In 1998, he helped ease a transition to civilian rule in Nigeria and visited Iraq to try to resolve its impasse with the Security Council over compliance with weapons inspections and other matters. The effort helped avoid an outbreak of hostilities that seemed imminent at the time.
In 1999, he was deeply involved in the process by which East Timor gained independence from Indonesia, and started the “Global Compact” initiative that has grown into the world’s largest effort to promote corporate social responsibility.
Annan was chief architect of what became known as the Millennium Development Goals, and played a central role in creating the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria and the U.N.’s first counter-terrorism strategy.
Annan’s uncontested election to a second term was unprecedented, reflecting the overwhelming support he enjoyed from both rich and poor countries. Timothy Wirth, president of the United Nations Foundation, which disburses Ted Turner’s $1 billion pledge to U.N. causes, hailed “a saint-like sense about him.”
In 2005, Annan succeeded in establishing the Peacebuilding Commission and the Human Rights Council. But that year, the U.N. was facing almost daily attacks over allegations about corruption in the U.N. oil-for-food program in Iraq, bribery by U.N. purchasing officials and widespread sex abuse by U.N. peacekeepers — an issue that would only balloon in importance after he left office.
It emerged that Annan’s son had not disclosed payments he received from his employer, which had a $10 million-a-year contract to monitor humanitarian aid under the oil-for-food program. The company paid at least $300,000 to Kojo so he would not work for competitors after he left.
An independent report criticized the secretary-general for being too complacent, saying he should have done more to investigate matters even if he was not involved with the awarding of the contract.
World leaders agreed to create an internal U.N. ethics office, but a major overhaul of the U.N.’s outdated management practices and operating procedures was left to Annan’s successor, Ban Ki-moon.
Before leaving office, Annan helped secure a truce between Israel and Hezbollah in 2006, and mediated a settlement of a dispute between Cameroon and Nigeria over the Bakassi peninsula.
At a farewell news conference, Annan listed as top achievements the promotion of human rights, the fight to close the gap between extreme poverty and immense wealth and the U.N. campaign to fight infectious diseases like AIDS.
He never took disappointments and setbacks personally. And he kept his view that diplomacy should take place in private and not in the public forum.
In his memoir, Annan recognized the costs of taking on the world’s top diplomatic job, joking that “SG,” for secretary-general, also signified “scapegoat” around U.N. headquarters.
Former U.S. ambassador to the United Nations Richard Holbrooke called Annan “an international rock star of diplomacy.”
After leaving his high-profile U.N. perch, Annan didn’t let up. In 2007, his Geneva-based foundation was created. That year he helped broker peace in Kenya, where election violence had killed over 1,000 people.
He also joined The Elders, an elite group of former leaders founded by Nelson Mandela, eventually succeeding Desmond Tutu as its chairman.
Annan “represented our continent and the world with enormous graciousness, integrity and distinction,” Tutu said Saturday in a statement, adding that “we give great thanks to God” for him.
As special envoy to Syria in 2012, Annan won international backing for a six-point plan for peace. The U.N. deployed a 300-member observer force to monitor a cease-fire, but peace never took hold and Annan was unable to surmount the bitter stalemate among Security Council powers. He resigned in frustration seven months into the job, as the civil war raged on.
Annan continued to crisscross the globe. In 2017, his foundation’s biggest projects included promotion of fair, peaceful elections; work with Myanmar’s government to improve life in troubled Rakhine state; and battling violent extremism by enlisting young people to help.
He also remained a vocal commentator on troubles like the refugee crisis; promoted good governance, anti-corruption measures and sustainable agriculture in Africa; and pushed efforts in the fight against illegal drug trafficking.
Like many in the international community he expressed alarm at the Trump administration’s decisions to back out of the Iran nuclear deal and move the U.S. Embassy in Israel to Jerusalem.
Annan retained connections to many international organizations. He was chancellor of the University of Ghana, a fellow at New York’s Columbia University, and professor at the Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy in Singapore.
His homeland of Ghana was shaken by his death. “One of our greatest compatriots,” President Nana Akufo-Addo said, calling for a week with flags at half-staff. “Rest in perfect peace, Kofi. You have earned it.”
Annan is survived by his wife and three children. Funeral arrangements weren’t immediately announced.
———
Heilprin reported from Geneva. Associated Press writer Frank Jordans in Berlin contributed.
Originally Published: August 18, 2018 at 10:03 a.m. | |||||
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] | 2022-03-24T13:06:30-04:00 | MIT School requirements, admissions statistics, and proven strategies for how to get in fast. | en | /favicon.ico | BeMo® | https://bemoacademicconsulting.com/blog/massachusetts-institute-of-technology | MIT’s Mission Statement
The mission of MIT is to advance knowledge and educate students in science, technology, and other areas of scholarship that will best serve the nation and the world in the 21st century.
The Institute is committed to generating, disseminating, and preserving knowledge, and to working with others to bring this knowledge to bear on the world’s great challenges. MIT is dedicated to providing its students with an education that combines rigorous academic study and the excitement of discovery with the support and intellectual stimulation of a diverse campus community. It also seeks to develop in each member of the MIT community the ability and passion to work wisely, creatively, and effectively for the betterment of humankind.
MIT’s Admissions Statistics
Acceptance rate: 4.8%
Average ACT score: 35 (50% range 34-36)
Average SAT score composite: 1550 (50% range 1510-1580)
The institute does not share its matriculants' average GPA, but you can safely conclude that a strong academic background is necessary for admission to MIT. That said, the school does have a holistic admission process
Eligibility
MIT accepts international students with around 10% of their student body being non-US citizens from 62 other countries. You should know that MIT has stated that they do not have any school, state, or regional quotas, which means that you are not at any disadvantage if other excellent students from your school or area are also applying. Additionally, they do not consider legacy/alumni relations in the admissions process.
MIT does not post specific requirements for course equivalencies or English-language proficiency. Instead, they have an admissions team dedicated to determining a fair and holistic approach to admitting international students based on their scores relative to other students in their country/educational system.
English proficiency tests are recommended (but not required) if you have no other official way to prove fluency such as English schooling or native-speaking ability via family.
Selection Factors
The MIT admissions team has thousands of blogs on their website to help you understand the MIT admissions mission and nuances in individual cases. While you should check out the website yourself, we’ve compiled some of the key information below to make it easier for you!
Here’s what you need to get into MIT:
A Solid Academic Background
While MIT has a holistic admissions process, it’s important to remember that your grades and scores are a big part of it. MIT does not have a minimum GPA requirement but admitted students’ generally have high SAT and ACT scores. This means that unless you have a uniquely compelling application besides your grades you should be aiming for high scores.
MIT has no standardized test requirement, but if you do choose to submit it, you should make sure that your score is competitive. If you’re hoping to get into college with a low GPA, you should ensure that your other application components, including your SAT scores, are impressive.
Coursework
MIT has a holistic and unique application process meant to find the innovative leaders of tomorrow. However, there are some course requirements you need to know about.
All students must take the following courses to be admitted to MIT:
Two semesters of calculus
Two semesters of calculus-based physics
One semester of chemistry
One semester of biology
MIT also is looking for a breadth of other courses in the humanities and social sciences, but don’t have as strict requirements. You can also fulfill these requirements in a number of ways as MIT accepts Advanced Standing Exams and online courses to fulfill these requirements.
An Alignment with MIT’s Mission
MIT is dedicated to serving the nation and the world, and they are looking for students who want to do the same. Students often assume that this means that you need to have been part of something outstanding like curing a disease, but it’s not about that at all. Admission officers just want to see that you care about making an impact. You can serve your community with volunteer work, by lobbying a senator to amend a bad policy, or by spearheading a fundraising event at your school.
A Passionate, Curious & Creative Mind
One mistake that students often make is assuming that they need to have a high number of extracurricular activities on their high school resume to be an attractive candidate for colleges. MIT stresses that they look for quality over quantity.
The admissions officers want to see activities and interests that make sense together. Your activities should show what you care about and that you are curious and passionate about whatever that is. It would also be ideal to show that you have some creative hands-on experience, as it tells the admissions team that you can apply theoretical knowledge to real-world situations.
A Collaborative and Cooperative Spirit
MIT is a famously collaborative school. You can see it in the school’s interdisciplinary research, interdisciplinary majors, and even the undergraduate curriculum which involves several group activities and assignments. So, you should definitely highlight your collaborative efforts and group activities in your application.
You can showcase this by having a breadth of activities and coursework. Are your coursework and extracurriculars science-focused? Take part in a second-language program. If you’ve excelled in the humanities, take part in a math competition or a science fair to show how well-rounded you are!
MIT’s Admission Process
MIT applicants have the option of applying through Early Action or Regular Action. There is no strategic advantage to using either of the application systems besides peace of mind if you are admitted earlier. The Early Action admission plan does not require you to attend if admitted, unlike with Brown University or Dartmouth.
The main difference between the two application plans is the dates. As implied by the name, the Early Action plan has an earlier application deadline, and students get a response from the admissions board earlier. Because students do not apply to majors at MIT until they are finished their first year you don’t need to worry about spots filling up in your desired program via early action.
For both Early Action and Regular Action, the admission process at MIT is very intentional. MIT is not among the many schools that use Common app, so you will need to set aside time to complete their application separately on the MIT application portal. You will need to prepare the following application components:
Interviews at MIT
After you submit your application, you may be contacted by an Educational Counselor (EC) to schedule your MIT admissions interview. Most Early Action interviews will take place in November, and most Regular Action interviews will occur in January.
MIT interviews are fairly standard and you can prepare answers to common interview questions like “tell me about yourself” and “what would you contribute to the college community?”. The interviews are usually about an hour-long, but they can range from 30 minutes to two hours long. You will be expected to discuss your application but also your fit specifically at MIT. Make sure you are familiar with the programs and curricula of MIT and why you would excel there. Coming to your interview with concrete examples, such as a specific lab or professor you would like to work with for an undergraduate research experience, is a great way to showcase your drive.
We recommend that you start preparing for it as soon as you submit your application to avoid being caught off guard. You should review common college admissions interview questions and invest in the services of a school advisor to help you make the most of your interview.
Acceptance and Waitlist Information
Applications must be submitted by November 1st if you’re applying Early Action or Early January if you’re using Regular Action.
Once you’ve submitted an application, a senior admissions officer will first read it and consider it holistically. If your application is strong, it will then be evaluated by additional admissions officers, who will summarize it for the Admissions Committee. That summary, along with your entire application, will then go to the selection committee, where multiple groups of the other admissions staff and faculty members will weigh in.
Early Action applicants will get an admissions decision in mid-December, and Regular Action applicants will receive a response in mid-March. Students' applications will either be accepted, waitlisted, or rejected. Admitted students will have until early May to inform MIT of their enrollment decision.
Tuition, Funding and Debt
Tuition: $61,990
Student Fees: $406
Housing: $13,060
Food: $7,220
Books: $910
Estimated Personal Expenses: $2,374
Total Cost: $85,960
Note that all first-year students are required to live on campus at MIT to build a sense of community. There is some variation in costs for room and board, but MIT uses the maximum total cost above to determine financial aid.
MIT offers a number of scholarships, mainly based on need. Students with a family income of less than $140,000/year will have their tuition fees fully subsidized by MIT. Students with a family income of less than $75,000 will have all expenses covered by MIT.
The average amount paid by students, including housing and personal expenses, is $12,715 per year which includes scholarships but not loans.
Check out the MIT’s Financial Services Website for more information.
Notable Programs
MIT's undergraduate curriculum is unique in many ways. It is a rigorous student-centered academic program that gives students a broad and strong foundation with its General Institute Requirements and learn-by-doing approach. It's also arguably the best engineering school in the US.
You should make sure you are interested and excited about MIT’s curriculum before you apply. Not only will you be at MIT for 4 years, but showcasing a thorough knowledge of the curriculum is a great way to impress the admissions committee.
General Institute Requirements (GIRs)
The GIRs are MIT's core curriculum. If you've looked into getting into Columbia, you are probably familiar with the idea of core curriculums. Essentially, it is a series of courses that all undergraduates are required to take, regardless of their major or area of study. There are six General Institute Requirements, and they include:
The First Year
The structure and forgiving grading system of the first year at MIT also play a role in giving students a strong foundation by easing them into the higher education system. Since MIT students do not have to declare a major or apply to a specific faculty, they get to spend their first year of study exploring their academic interests while taking some of the GIRs. Instead of simply enrolling in classes, students can participate in learning communities built around common interests, dedicated advising, and smaller cohorts. Additionally, during their first term, students are graded differently. They can either pass the class or receive no record of taking it. It is only during their second term at MIT that they will start receiving letter grades.
Eventually, students do declare a major. They have the choice between a variety of traditional degrees, interdisciplinary degrees, joint degrees, or double majors. All of which are offered through MIT's five different schools, the School of Architecture and Planning, the School of Engineering, the School of Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences, MIT Sloan, the School of Management, School of Science; or the Schwarzman College of Computing.
Undergraduate Research
MIT was one of the first universities in the US to give undergrad students a chance to get some research experience. Their Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program (UROP) is still going strong today. About 94% of MIT graduating seniors conducted research during their undergraduate years for pay or credit.
Getting research experience in your undergrad is a great way to build a successful resume for medical school or other professional programs.
Campus and Faculty
MIT's campus is located in Cambridge, Massachusetts along the Charles River. It is known for its unique blend of historic and modern architecture and the campus features iconic buildings such as the Great Dome, the Stata Center, and the Green Building. It is home to numerous cutting-edge research facilities, including the MIT Media Lab and the Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research. The MIT campus has elements of being near to a large city while also keeping the “college-town” atmosphere.
Notable Alumni and Faculty
Attending MIT will put you in the same category as many world leaders and innovators. Among the many prolific alumni of MIT are Kofi Annan, former Secretary-General of the United Nations and Nobel Peace Prize laureate, Buzz Aldrin, the second man to walk on the moon, Amar Bose, founder of Bose Corporation, and I. M. Pei, the world-renowned architect. Prominent current faculty members include Noam Chomsky, a leading linguist and philosopher, and Robert Langer, a pioneering biomedical engineer.
Contact Information
Massachusetts Institute of Technology admissions Website
Email: [email protected] | ||||
7733 | dbpedia | 0 | 4 | https://www.biography.com/political-figures/kofi-annan | en | Death, Wife & Education | [
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Who Was Kofi Annan?
Kofi Annan was born into an aristocratic family in Ghana and he attended a number of schools and colleges, studying international relations in the United States and Switzerland. He became an international civil servant working for the United Nations in 1962. He went on to become the U.N. secretary-general and later a special envoy to Syria. Annan died on August 18, 2018 in Switzerland at the age of 80.
Early Life and Education
Former United Nations Secretary-General Kofi Atta Annan was born within minutes of his twin sister, Efua Atta, on April 8, 1938, in Kumasi, Ghana. The grandchild and nephew of three tribal chiefs, Annan was raised in one of Ghana's aristocratic families.
In his mid-teens, Annan attended an elite Methodist boarding school called Mfantsipim, where he learned that "suffering anywhere concerns people everywhere." Upon Annan's graduation from the school in 1957, Ghana gained independence from Britain; it was the first British African colony to do so. "It was an exciting period," Annan once told The New York Times. "People of my generation, having seen the changes that took place in Ghana, grew up thinking all was possible."
Annan went on to pursue higher education, attending four different colleges: Kumasi College of Science and Technology, now the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology; Macalester College in St. Paul, Minnesota; Graduate Institute of International Studies in Geneva, Switzerland; and the MIT Sloan School of Management in Cambridge, Massachusetts. He earned a number of degrees, including a Master of Science, and studied international relations. Annan, whose native language is Akan, also became fluent in English, French, some Kru languages and other African languages.
Career with the United Nations
Annan's career with the United Nations began in 1962, when he got a job working as a budget officer for the World Health Organization, a U.N. agency. Annan has been an international civil servant ever since, with the exception of a short break from 1974 to 1976, when he worked as the director of tourism in Ghana.
For a nine-year period from 1987 to 1996, Annan was appointed to serve as an assistant secretary-general in three consecutive positions: Human Resources, Management and Security Coordinator; Program Planning, Budget and Finance, and Controller; and Peacekeeping Operations. While he served in that last capacity, the Rwandan genocide took place. Canadian ex-General Roméo Dallaire, who has been the force commander of the United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda, accused Annan of being overly passive in his responses to the 1994 genocide. Some 10 years after the genocide, in which more than 800,000 people were killed, Annan admitted that he "could and should have done more to sound the alarm and rally support," according to a March 2004 BBC article.
Annan served as under-secretary-general from March 1994 to October 1995. He resumed the position in 1996 after a five-month appointment to serve as a special representative of the secretary-general to the former Yugoslavia.
United Nations Chief
The United Nations Security Council recommended Annan to replace the previous secretary-general, Dr. Boutros Boutros-Ghali of Egypt, in later 1996. The General Assembly voted in his favor, and he began his first term as secretary-general on January 1, 1997.
Among Annan's most well-known accomplishments were his issuance of a five-point Call to Action in April 2001 to address the HIV/AIDS pandemic and his proposal to create a Global AIDS and Health Fund. He and the United Nations were jointly awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in December of 2001 "for their work for a better organized and more peaceful world."
Annan is also known for his opposition to the 2003 invasion of Iraq and to Iran's nuclear program. He told the BBC in September 2004 that the Iraq war did not conform to the U.N. charter and was illegal.
Life After the United Nations
Annan retired on December 31, 2006. Several months prior, he gave a farewell speech to world leaders at U.N. headquarters in New York, outlining major problems with an unjust world economy and widespread contempt for human rights.
"We are not only all responsible for each other's security," Annan said in his speech. "We are also, in some measure, responsible for each other's welfare. Global solidarity is both necessary and possible. It is necessary because without a measure of solidarity no society can be truly stable, and no one's prosperity truly secure."
Following his retirement, Annan returned to Ghana. He became involved with a number of organizations with a global focus. He was chosen to lead the formation of the Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa, became a member of the Global Elders and was appointed president of the Global Humanitarian Forum in Geneva. In 2009, Annan joined a Columbia University program at the university’s School of International and Public Affairs.
In February 2012, Annan was appointed as the U.N.-Arab League envoy to Syria in an attempt to end the civil war taking place there. He developed a six-point plan for peace. He resigned from the position, citing intransigence of both the Syrian government and the rebels, as well as the Security Council's failure to create a peaceful resolution.
"As an envoy, I can't want peace more than the protagonists, more than the Security Council or the international community, for that matter," Annan said in a resignation speech on August 2, 2012.
"I had expected to go into Ghanaian politics," Annan once told Saga magazine, "retire to a farm at 60 and die in my bed at 80. It did not happen so. It's one of the things God does."
Death
Annan passed away after a short illness in a hospital in Bern, Switzerland, on August 18, 2018. His wife Nane and children Ama, Kojo and Nina were by his side. "Kofi Annan was a global statesman and a deeply committed internationalist who fought throughout his life for a fairer and more peaceful world. During his distinguished career and leadership of the United Nations he was an ardent champion of peace, sustainable development, human rights and the rule of law," the Kofi Annan Foundation and Annan family said in a statement.
QUICK FACTS
Birth Year: 1938
Birth date: April 8, 1938
Birth City: Kumasi
Birth Country: Ghana
Gender: Male
Best Known For: Kofi Annan was the former secretary-general of the United Nations and a recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize.
Industries
World Politics
Astrological Sign: Aries
Schools
Institute for Advanced International Studies in Geneva
Macalester College
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
University of Science and Technology
Nacionalities
Ghanaian
Death Year: 2018
Death date: August 18, 2018
Death City: Bern
Death Country: Switzerland
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