identifier
stringlengths 1
43
| dataset
stringclasses 3
values | question
stringclasses 4
values | rank
int64 0
99
| url
stringlengths 14
1.88k
| read_more_link
stringclasses 1
value | language
stringclasses 1
value | title
stringlengths 0
200
| top_image
stringlengths 0
125k
| meta_img
stringlengths 0
125k
| images
listlengths 0
18.2k
| movies
listlengths 0
484
| keywords
listlengths 0
0
| meta_keywords
listlengths 1
48.5k
| tags
null | authors
listlengths 0
10
| publish_date
stringlengths 19
32
⌀ | summary
stringclasses 1
value | meta_description
stringlengths 0
258k
| meta_lang
stringclasses 68
values | meta_favicon
stringlengths 0
20.2k
| meta_site_name
stringlengths 0
641
| canonical_link
stringlengths 9
1.88k
⌀ | text
stringlengths 0
100k
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
7733
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 34
|
https://www.crimsoneducation.org/nz/resources/universities/massachusetts-institute-of-technology/
|
en
|
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
|
[
"https://img2.storyblok.com//f/64062/854x220/6efff6165d/usnews-logo-rgb-border-1.jpg",
"https://img2.storyblok.com//f/64062/640x250/0a33b81497/qs-world-ranking.png",
"https://img2.storyblok.com//f/64062/640x250/c7517374af/the-uni-ranking.png",
"https://a.storyblok.com/f/64062/300x111/9ff0176c2d/header-mist-graphic-bg-11-11.svg",
"https://a.storyblok.com/f/64062/x/b24e33cb46/laptop.svg",
"https://a.storyblok.com/f/64062/x/b253711752/engineering.svg",
"https://a.storyblok.com/f/64062/x/19170f7689/calculator.svg",
"https://a.storyblok.com/f/64062/x/55625e906f/enviro-science.svg",
"https://img2.storyblok.com//f/64062/600x600/a0bb9d2aa0/school.png",
"https://a.storyblok.com/f/64062/x/79ba874ac0/dna.svg",
"https://img2.storyblok.com//f/64062/1200x630/6ed6823b9e/everything-you-need-to-know-and-supplemental-essays.jpg",
"https://img2.storyblok.com//f/64062/800x451/d2ef8b2f6a/mit-blogs-2.jpg",
"https://img2.storyblok.com//f/64062/1512x2016/e8151b2fa8/mit-blog.jpg",
"https://img2.storyblok.com//f/64062/205x153/572fb7c141/us-admissions.png",
"https://img2.storyblok.com//f/64062/991x689/78d52d395f/stem.jpg",
"https://img2.storyblok.com//f/64062/1200x800/eec7cf8d16/highschools_042021_11-7.jpg",
"https://img2.storyblok.com//f/64062/1920x800/df838e2ec4/princeton-alternative-bg.png",
"https://img2.storyblok.com//f/64062/800x451/58f897c866/cornell-blogs-2.jpg",
"https://img2.storyblok.com//f/64062/1820x1202/4b30d841c7/dartmouth-a-min.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
"massachusetts institute of technology",
"mit"
] | null |
[] | null |
Explore the prestigious Massachusetts Institute of Technology and discover what sets it apart from other top universities.
|
en
|
/favicons/android-chrome-192x192.png
|
https://www.crimsoneducation.org/nz/resources/universities/massachusetts-institute-of-technology/
|
World-renowned for both rigor and innovation computer science at MIT offers a flexible curriculum and intensive, hands-on coursework, giving students a holistic view of the field.
An engineering education from MIT provides students with exceptional opportunities to define and impact the future.
MIT's Mathematics Department is one of the strongest in the world, representing a broad spectrum of fields.
An undergraduate degree in physics at MIT provides an excellent basis not only for graduate study in physics and related fields, but also for professional work.
Being at the cutting edge of innovation, aerospace engineering at MIT provides students exciting opportunities for the future.
|
|||||
7733
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 18
|
https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/about/leadership/
|
en
|
Mozilla Leadership
|
[
"https://www.mozilla.org/media/protocol/img/logos/mozilla/logo-word-hor.e20791bb4dd4.svg",
"https://www.mozilla.org/media/protocol/img/logos/firefox/browser/logo.eb1324e44442.svg",
"https://www.mozilla.org/media/protocol/img/logos/firefox/browser/logo.eb1324e44442.svg",
"https://www.mozilla.org/media/protocol/img/logos/firefox/browser/logo.eb1324e44442.svg",
"https://www.mozilla.org/media/protocol/img/logos/firefox/browser/focus/logo.aac3e33175cb.svg",
"https://www.mozilla.org/media/protocol/img/logos/firefox/monitor/logo.d97e5516f9e6.svg",
"https://www.mozilla.org/media/protocol/img/logos/pocket/logo.17446bc33a5d.svg",
"https://www.mozilla.org/media/protocol/img/logos/mozilla/vpn/logo.c648f487bfb8.svg",
"https://www.mozilla.org/media/protocol/img/logos/firefox/relay/logo.683083c53b93.svg",
"https://www.mozilla.org/media/img/nav/icons/icon-mdn-plus.f54475f980ab.svg",
"https://www.mozilla.org/media/img/logos/fakespot/logo-blue.3973b8fe9631.svg",
"https://www.mozilla.org/media/protocol/img/logos/firefox/browser/developer/logo.41d42822c8fb.svg",
"https://www.mozilla.org/media/img/nav/icons/icon-mdn-web-docs.9ed01cfe71c7.svg",
"https://www.mozilla.org/media/img/nav/icons/icon-innovation-projects.11f189479119.svg",
"https://www.mozilla.org/media/img/nav/icons/icon-common-voice.127fa3f5dcb0.svg",
"https://www.mozilla.org/media/img/mozorg/about/leadership/laura-chambers.2b35ceeb8250.jpg",
"https://www.mozilla.org/media/img/mozorg/about/leadership/ian-carmichael.352834e056bf.jpg",
"https://www.mozilla.org/media/img/mozorg/about/leadership/dani-chehak.08f5fa13ce13.jpg",
"https://www.mozilla.org/media/img/mozorg/about/leadership/eric-muhlheim.e038cb68b087.jpg",
"https://www.mozilla.org/media/img/mozorg/about/leadership/lindsey-obrien.4890a185d0c6.jpg",
"https://www.mozilla.org/media/img/mozorg/about/leadership/brad-smallwood.d6837300ffa1.jpg",
"https://www.mozilla.org/media/img/mozorg/about/leadership/steve-teixeira.f3ebd759634d.jpg",
"https://www.mozilla.org/media/img/mozorg/about/leadership/carlos-torres.9fc5ac0b0a62.jpg",
"https://www.mozilla.org/media/img/mozorg/about/leadership/imo-udom.bc8e6ad40f79.jpg",
"https://www.mozilla.org/media/img/mozorg/about/leadership/suba-vasudevan.64fe921a3f87.png",
"https://www.mozilla.org/media/img/mozorg/about/leadership/ramona-blake.44ed0313b0e4.jpg",
"https://www.mozilla.org/media/img/mozorg/about/leadership/brandon-borrman.439d761bef15.jpg",
"https://www.mozilla.org/media/img/mozorg/about/leadership/katherine-bose.85c4cc4ada93.jpg",
"https://www.mozilla.org/media/img/mozorg/about/leadership/vicky-chin.6a5fff6f6da2.jpg",
"https://www.mozilla.org/media/img/mozorg/about/leadership/jesse-goranson.2d0d63c8702c.jpg",
"https://www.mozilla.org/media/img/mozorg/about/leadership/nicholas-grammater.742e29afd5fe.jpg",
"https://www.mozilla.org/media/img/mozorg/about/leadership/tamara-greasby.3c094261995b.jpg",
"https://www.mozilla.org/media/img/mozorg/about/leadership/linda-griffin.90702b7b9c77.jpg",
"https://www.mozilla.org/media/img/mozorg/about/leadership/john-humphrey.375cd4092ebb.jpg",
"https://www.mozilla.org/media/img/mozorg/about/leadership/robin-karakash.2d2e7d187a82.jpg",
"https://www.mozilla.org/media/img/mozorg/about/leadership/christina-lang.610430b82c16.jpg",
"https://www.mozilla.org/media/img/mozorg/about/leadership/graham-mudd.7cc0007960d8.jpg",
"https://www.mozilla.org/media/img/mozorg/about/leadership/masayo-nobe.09bef5630c20.jpg",
"https://www.mozilla.org/media/img/mozorg/about/leadership/andrew-overholt.1f059c1aeb8a.jpg",
"https://www.mozilla.org/media/img/mozorg/about/leadership/mark-surman.d171cfe0ba12.jpg",
"https://www.mozilla.org/media/img/mozorg/about/leadership/nabiha-syed.b1f1199c2c83.jpg",
"https://www.mozilla.org/media/img/mozorg/about/leadership/bob-alotta.7c78567eee4e.jpg",
"https://www.mozilla.org/media/img/mozorg/about/leadership/ashley-boyd.528382e093ca.jpg",
"https://www.mozilla.org/media/img/mozorg/about/leadership/angela-plohman.3d5a73cdd48d.jpg",
"https://www.mozilla.org/media/img/mozorg/about/leadership/mitchell-baker.e3263ae1dbe9.jpg",
"https://www.mozilla.org/media/img/mozorg/about/leadership/laura-chambers.2b35ceeb8250.jpg",
"https://www.mozilla.org/media/img/mozorg/about/leadership/kerry-cooper.f2509d7c211c.jpg",
"https://www.mozilla.org/media/img/mozorg/about/leadership/karim-lakhani.ba317143d0b3.jpg",
"https://www.mozilla.org/media/img/mozorg/about/leadership/bob-lisbonne.9a9bd680dee2.jpg",
"https://www.mozilla.org/media/img/mozorg/about/leadership/hugh-molotsi.bf035114d3b2.jpg",
"https://www.mozilla.org/media/img/mozorg/about/leadership/kristin-skogen-lund.88aa90ccf053.jpg",
"https://www.mozilla.org/media/img/mozorg/about/leadership/mitchell-baker.e3263ae1dbe9.jpg",
"https://www.mozilla.org/media/img/mozorg/about/leadership/brian-behlendorf.aa24cba7f95d.jpg",
"https://www.mozilla.org/media/img/mozorg/about/leadership/zain-habboo.08d4f6e0690e.jpg",
"https://www.mozilla.org/media/img/mozorg/about/leadership/amy-keating.3cfa8b5ef6f3.jpg",
"https://www.mozilla.org/media/img/mozorg/about/leadership/raffi-krikorian.cc0f8c65c013.jpg",
"https://www.mozilla.org/media/img/mozorg/about/leadership/edwin-macharia.e7f72f0b2422.jpg",
"https://www.mozilla.org/media/img/mozorg/about/leadership/alondra-nelson.4d6120c2a53c.jpg",
"https://www.mozilla.org/media/img/mozorg/about/leadership/mark-surman.d171cfe0ba12.jpg",
"https://www.mozilla.org/media/img/mozorg/about/leadership/helen-turvey.d79fcd4e777c.jpg",
"https://www.mozilla.org/media/img/mozorg/about/leadership/nicole-wong.7f1b61796137.jpg",
"https://www.mozilla.org/media/img/mozorg/about/leadership/cathy-davidson.746eb855c2dc.jpg",
"https://www.mozilla.org/media/img/mozorg/about/leadership/julie-hanna.f5485d9dec7b.jpg",
"https://www.mozilla.org/media/img/mozorg/about/leadership/reid-hoffman.149958d0622b.jpg",
"https://www.mozilla.org/media/img/mozorg/about/leadership/joi-ito.8b6c7ac13eaf.jpg",
"https://www.mozilla.org/media/img/mozorg/about/leadership/mitch-kapor.8016de65df81.jpg",
"https://www.mozilla.org/media/img/mozorg/about/leadership/navrina-singh.4c5a1b88f4c2.jpg",
"https://www.mozilla.org/media/img/mozorg/about/leadership/wambui-kinya.0029d150dde9.jpg",
"https://www.mozilla.org/media/img/mozorg/about/leadership/ronaldo-lemos.c17375efad1c.jpg",
"https://www.mozilla.org/media/img/mozorg/about/leadership/mohamed-nanabhay.29f8ca28dca7.jpg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
en
|
Mozilla
|
https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/about/leadership/
|
Before assuming the role of CEO, Laura played a pivotal role as a member of the Mozilla Corporation Board for three years. During this time, she contributed significantly as the company underwent a strategic overhaul, preparing to tackle the evolving challenges in the internet's next 25 years of development.
With a strong focus on product leadership, Laura has a proven track record of steering organizations through substantial transformations and turnarounds. Her notable experiences include:
AirBnB: Led the core hosts business, which accounted for three-quarters of the company's operations. Drove a path to reacceleration through growth levers and tech platform transformation
eBay and PayPal: Held various roles, including driving a turnaround for eBay's core global consumer selling division, and launching PayPal Mobile in 2009 during the rise of the mobile revolution.
Willow Innovations: Served as the CEO of this innovative wearable medical device company, leading the company through rapid growth, product innovation and channel expansion.
Beyond these accomplishments, Laura has held positions at Skype, McKinsey & Co, and the UNDP. A recognized author and thought leader, she has contributed to Fortune Magazine on topics such as trusting your instincts and avoiding burnout. As a member of World50 and YPO, exclusive peer groups of global leaders and CEOs, Laura brings a wealth of insights and expertise to the table.
Laura holds an MBA from Stanford University and a bachelor's degree from the University of Melbourne. She currently resides in the San Francisco Bay Area with her husband and three children.
In his role as Senior Vice President for Firefox and Web at Mozilla, Ian is responsible for guiding the strategic direction, development, and innovation of Firefox and Mozilla’s web technologies. His commitment lies in enhancing user experience, fostering open-source collaboration, and prioritizing privacy and security, aligning with Mozilla’s mission to ensure the Internet is a global public resource, open and accessible to all. This mission resonates deeply with Ian’s professional ethos — creating an internet that truly puts people first, empowering individuals to shape their own experiences while ensuring their safety and independence.
Ian’s journey in the technology sector began at IBM, working on early C++ compilers, and continued at Cygnus Solutions with the gcc toolchains for PlayStation 2. During his tenure at Microsoft, he contributed to a diverse range of products including .NET, Visual Studio, IoT, Windows, Xbox, and HoloLens. At Meta, Ian led performance and reliability efforts, helped deliver Oculus Quest 2, and led Engineering for Privacy Infrastructure.
Originally from Kingston, Ontario, Ian has made the Seattle area his home for many years, living there with his family. Outside of work, he enjoys exploring new trails, traveling, and spending quality time with his wife, two grown children, and their dog.
As Mozilla’s Chief Financial Officer, Eric is responsible for leading financial operations for the company as we scale our mission impact with new and existing products, technology and business models to better serve our users and advance our agenda for a healthier, more joyful internet.
Most recently, Eric provided strategic financial and operating services as an independent consultant to a variety of early stage and privately-funded startups. Prior to that, he served as Chief Financial and Administrative Officer at BuzzFeed where he oversaw the restructuring of the company to drive impact, creating a more unified and integrated organization.
Eric started his career at the Walt Disney Company, where he held various leadership roles over more than 15 years, including spending three years as an expatriate in China managing the expansion of Disney English, the company’s China-based learning center business. Following his tenure at Disney, Eric was CFO at Helix Education, a provider of technologies and services to power data-driven higher education growth, and at the programmatic advertising exchange OpenX Technologies.
Eric currently serves on the boards of the Independent Shakespeare Co. of Los Angeles and Temple Emanuel of Beverly Hills. He graduated from Princeton University cum laude in Mathematics and holds an MBA from The Stanford Graduate School of Business. He’s based in Los Angeles, California.
As Chief Marketing Officer, Lindsey O’Brien leads Mozilla’s global marketing strategy and organization. In this role she guides the team to find new ways to attract people to our new products and Firefox browsers, in a period when there has never been greater need for privacy-focused solutions to the challenges of online life.
Previously, Lindsey was Vice President of Product Marketing, with responsibility for overseeing new product launches, nurturing existing products, ideating on key campaigns and go-to-market strategies, and evangelizing new innovations in internet technologies to drive Mozilla’s future growth.
Prior to Mozilla, Lindsey headed up corporate-level marketing for Facebook Inc., including leading product marketing for Facebook’s core products: News Feed, News, Stories, Civic Engagement, Privacy and Safety. Before joining Facebook, Lindsey led marketing for GoldieBlox, a Bay Area start-up focused on bridging the gender gap in STEM.
Lindsey lives in the Sierra Foothills with her husband Joe, her two kids, three dogs, and four cats. In her spare time, you’ll find her sweeping up pet hair, gardening, and singing to her houseplants.
As Chief Product Officer, Steve is responsible for leading our product teams — setting a product vision and strategy that accelerates the growth and impact of Mozilla’s existing products. Additionally, he is responsible for setting the foundation for new product development during a period of time where there is a massive need for software that is unambiguously good for the world to be built at scale. He is leading a team looking to solve some of the internet’s biggest challenges — openness, accessibility, safety, privacy, security, interoperability, individual agency and more.
Previously, Steve worked at X (formerly Twitter) as a Vice President of Product for their Machine Learning and Data platforms. Prior to that, Steve led Product Management, Design and Research in Facebook’s Infrastructure organization. He also spent almost 14 years at Microsoft where he was responsible for the Windows third-party software ecosystems and held leadership roles in Windows IoT, Visual Studio and the Technical Computing Group. Additionally, Steve has held a variety of engineering roles at small and medium-sized companies in the Valley in spaces like developer tools, endpoint security, mobile computing and professional services.
Steve studied Aerospace Engineering at San Jose University and holds an MBA from the University of Washington. He lives in Seattle with his wife, two dogs and two ducks, and has two grown children. In his spare time, Steve plays guitar in a “dad band” and enjoys fishing, scuba and swimming.
As Mozilla’s Senior Vice President of Innovation Ecosystems, Imo is responsible for cultivating new innovative ideas and technology from conception to launch outside Mozilla’s core products. In addition to product innovation, Imo is also focused on creating systems to foster collaboration across an ecosystem of stakeholders to help realize Mozilla’s vision to build a better internet.
Previously, Imo was the Chief Strategy and Product Officer at Outmatch where he was responsible for ensuring the business and product strategy delivered value to customers, while never losing sight of its mission to match people with purpose.
Prior to Outmatch, Imo co-founded and served as CEO of Wepow, where he grew the video interviewing solution from a small side-project in 2010 to a successful enterprise platform supporting hundreds of global brands and later through its acquisition by Outmatch.
Imo enjoys volunteering and giving back to the community. He is on the board of the Delta San Francisco Peninsula Foundation, a non-profit whose mission is to improve the quality of life in the San Francisco and Peninsula area by supporting programs that foster educational growth and to provide financial assistance in the form of scholarships and awards.
As VP of Communications, Brandon is responsible for shaping the global communications strategy and plan that supports brand-building initiatives and long-term business goals. Brandon oversees the global press, social media, editorial, partnerships, and community teams to develop impactful messaging and outbound communications across the Mozilla brand and all of our products.
For more than 20 years, Brandon has been developing and executing communications strategies for some of the world’s most recognized and admired organizations. Prior to this, Brandon served as Head of Communications at a Web3 startup, Alchemy, as their first non-engineering hire. He helped the company become the largest developer platform in the market while building a comms team focused on social and community engagement.
Prior to Alchemy, Brandon worked at X (formerly Twitter) as head of global communications. While there, he helped lead the company's efforts to better secure the conversation around elections globally and played a key role in redefining the product narrative, as X made its first significant product charges in more than a decade. He has also led communications at Ancestry, helped Quantcast make a pivot to AI, led the crisis communications team at United Airlines, and worked at the Joele Frank and Brunswick Group, leading a diverse collection of clients including Dropbox, Airbnb, Facebook, Cisco, Ford, and Virgin America.
As the VP Marketing, North America, Christina Lang (who prefers to be called Lang) is hyper-focused on creative ways to introduce our suite of products to new North American audiences. Lang joined Mozilla in June of 2021 and brought with her over a decade of expertise in marketing strategy, operations, and program management in the tech space for companies such as Outbrain and Facebook.
A collaborative problem solver, Lang’s superpower is seeing a path through complexity and bringing everyone along for the ride. She is committed to amplifying the consumer marketing work coming out of Mozilla’s North American Marketing team, and developing efficiencies that will further strengthen the wider organization.
Prior to Mozilla, she led marketing strategy and operations at Twitch, where she was responsible for optimizing process to support product development and go-to-market strategy, as well as driving annual planning and culture building for the marketing organization.
Based in San Francisco, raised as a New York Italian, Lang is not only blessed with genetic loudness and distinctive pronunciation, but also learned to cook at a very young age and continues to work on nailing her Nana’s tomato sauce.
As Vice President of Legal, Masayo leads the Mozilla legal team that supports the company’s mission to create a healthy internet.
Prior to Mozilla, Masayo was the Deputy General Counsel at an AI/ML startup focused on providing insights through privacy-preserving methods. Prior to that she was Assistant General Counsel at edge cloud platform provider Fastly, supporting the company’s rapid growth through its initial public offering and beyond. She has also supported new and growing business lines in the consumer space, advising on luxury retailer RH’s first restaurant in Chicago. Masayo started her legal career as a corporate attorney at Morrison & Foerster.
Masayo believes that words matter, context matters more, and people matter the most. This mantra guides her approach to supporting the incredible team that is responsible for keeping Mozilla compliant and managing risk, while simultaneously enabling the business to create compelling products that solve some of the internet’s biggest challenges.
Having spent time in Tokyo and then close to a decade in San Francisco, Masayo now lives with her husband and son in Los Angeles. When time permits she practices her splits, a hard won feat that she hopes to keep up into retirement.
The internet is one of our most valuable public resources – it’s Mark Surman’s job to keep it healthy.
Mark is President of Mozilla Foundation, the global nonprofit that does everything from making Firefox to standing up for issues like online privacy. Mark is focused on fueling the broader internet health movement by working with citizens, technologists and civic leaders around the world. Mark is also part of the team that develops Mozilla’s annual Internet Health Report.
Mark has been doing work like this for 20 years: ensuring the internet remains a global public resource, open and accessible to all. Mark was the founding Director of telecentre.org, a $26M initiative connecting community technology centers in more than 30 countries. He ran the Commons Group for 10 years, a boutique consulting firm that provided advice and insight on networks, open source and social enterprise to nonprofits and governments around the world. Mark was awarded the prestigious Shuttleworth Fellowship, where he explored how to apply open source approaches to philanthropy in the year before he joined Mozilla.
Mark is a prominent thinker and thought leader — his analysis and opinions have been featured in The Washington Post, NPR, CNN, the BBC, Fast Company and dozens of other publications. A seasoned and charismatic speaker, Mark has delivered keynotes on five continents at major global events as diverse as Mobile World Congress, Personal Democracy Forum, TEDx Kids, World Innovation Summit on Education and the O’Reilly Open Source Summit.
Mark serves as a trusted advisor on the board of Peer-to-Peer University. He is a past board member of the World Bank Solutions for Youth Employment Consortium, the Toronto Arts Foundation, Connected Learning Alliance, Telefonica’s Think Big, the Association for Progressive Communications, Wild Canada and rabble.ca.
Mark lives in Toronto with his sons, Tristan and Ethan. He holds a BA in the History of Community Media from the University of Toronto.
J. Bob Alotta is a veteran movement builder and executive working at the intersection of technology and communities.
Prior to joining Mozilla, Bob led the Astraea Lesbian Foundation for Justice, a global foundation based in New York City that provides critical resources to LGBTQI+ activists and artists around the world. Over eight years, they quintupled the global footprint of the organization which makes more grants in the global majority than any other funder in their sector. Bob specifically strengthened movements by adding extra support for digital security, data use, and internet freedom to otherwise “non-tech” grants. As chair of the Global Philanthropy Project, Bob helped secure the largest bilateral and multilateral investments to date for LGBTQI+ communities worldwide. Bob was an early architect of the “feminist internet” and the creator of CommsLabs, bringing queer human rights defenders and technologists together. Bob builds bridges between the LGBTQI+ and digital rights worlds.
Now serving as Senior Vice President of Global Programs at Mozilla Foundation, Bob brings their experience as a movement strategist to leverage the organizations’ programs to shift power back to people instead of “big” tech. Through the lens of trustworthy AI, Bob has launched the African Innovation Mradi, the Data Futures Lab, the Mozilla Technology Fund, the Creative Media Awards, and a second phase of the Responsible Computing Challenge, as well as myriad fellowship and grant-making cycles. Bob helps Mozilla fellows and awardees become stronger community organizers and leaders; and grows the diversity and geographical scope across our programs, with an emphasis on expanding our work outside North America. Bob serves as the executive producer for both MozFest and of the award-winning podcast, IRL
Ashley leads Mozilla’s work to fuel the open internet movement and mobilize millions to stand up for a free, open web. Mozilla’s mission is ambitious: making the health of the internet a mainstream issue. It is also vital: as centralization, surveillance, exclusion and other online threats proliferate, we need a movement to keep the web a global public resource.
Ashley works with other teams within Mozilla, with ally organizations and with digital citizens around the world through advocacy campaigns and public education initiatives.
Prior to joining Mozilla, Ashley was Vice President & Chief Field Officer for MomsRising, a national grassroots organization in the U.S. As a founding staff member, she was instrumental in building MomsRising into an organization of one million grassroots supporters, 200 partner organizations and over 20 funding partners.
Ashley has over two decades of experience in public interest advocacy, with a specialization in effective uses of technology and public engagement. During her career, she has worked with leading public interest advocacy organizations in the U.S. and India including M&R Strategic Services, the Advocacy Institute, the Self Employed Women’s Association (India) and AmericaSpeaks. She has led multi-state organizing efforts around the issues of health reform, paid family leave, social security reform and the national budget.
Ashley has a Master’s Degree in Rhetoric from the University of Maryland, College Park.
Angela Plohman is Chief Operating Officer of the Mozilla Foundation, one of the world’s most recognizable tech-for-good organizations. She is an experienced nonprofit executive and strategic operations professional with a long track record of building and growing nonprofit organizations and programs.
Based in Montreal, she has spent over twenty years playing key leadership roles in the fields of arts and culture, community building, and technology in the U.S., Canada and Europe.
Angela joined Mozilla in 2012. She has played many critical roles since, eventually building up a team that serves as the bedrock of all of Mozilla Foundation’s work. Over the last few years, she has: developed a strategy and a team aimed at helping Mozilla Foundation become an effective, healthy and sustainable movement building organization; and, at the same time, she has played a role in supporting the Board and executive leadership in growing the scope of Mozilla’s efforts. Angela also plays a critical role as the Secretary and Treasurer of multiple Mozilla Boards.
Since 2019, she has also served on the Board of OpenMedia, a community-driven organization that works to keep the Internet open, affordable, and surveillance-free. She serves on the Board of the Toronto Biennial of Art, and is also the President of the Board of Le Livart, a non-profit organization whose mission is to democratize access to art and culture, located in a former presbytery in Montreal.
Mitchell Baker co-founded the Mozilla Project to support the open, innovative web and ensure it continues offering opportunities for everyone. As Executive Chair of Mozilla Corporation, Mitchell will represent Mozilla in the public with a focus on policy, open source, and community, engaging in areas that touch on Mozilla’s unique history and ethos. She’ll also work with the executive leadership team to continue to strengthen and refine how all of Mozilla’s entities work together to advance our policy and community goals with greater urgency.
As Chairwoman of Mozilla for the last two decades, Mitchell Baker has been responsible for organizing and motivating a massive, worldwide, collective of employees and volunteers who are building the internet as a global public resource, open and accessible to all. Mitchell is deeply engaged in developing product offerings that promote the mission of empowering individuals. She also guides the overall scope and direction of Mozilla’s mission. Mitchell has written the key documents that set out Mozilla's enduring mission and commitments — the Mozilla Public License in 1998, the Mozilla Manifesto in 2007 and the Mozilla Manifesto Addendum — also known as the Pledge for a Healthy Internet — in 2018.
Mitchell is a strong advocate for the open internet, open source, and the importance of connecting technology to its impact on individuals and society. She is highly regarded as one of the pioneers of the web and bringing the open internet to consumers. She was instrumental in Netscape’s decision in 1998 to release its source code to the public. This later led to the release of the Firefox browser and the creation of the Mozilla Foundation as a global technology force that spans software product development, educational initiatives, and participatory movements. After co-founding the Mozilla Project, Mitchell served as its general manager and CEO from 1999 until January 2008, when the organization’s rapid growth encouraged her to split her responsibilities and add a CEO.
Mitchell is a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Advisory Boards of the Oxford Internet Institute, the MIT Initiative on the Digital Economy, and the G1 Silicon Valley. She is a Board Member of OpenMRS, Inc., which develops open source medical records systems for use in resource-constrained environments. She co-chaired the U.S. Department of Commerce Digital Economy Board of Advisors from its inception in March 2016 until August 2017, served on the United Nations High Level Panel on Women’s Economic Empowerment, and the ICANN High Level Panel on Global Internet Cooperation and Governance Mechanisms. A native of the San Francisco Bay Area, Mitchell received her B.A. in Asian Studies from UC Berkeley and her J.D. from Berkeley Law.
TIME Magazine profiled Mitchell in its global list of “100 Most Influential People” under “Scientists and Thinkers”. Bloomberg listed her as one of the “25 Most Influential People on the Web”. She was honored as winner of the Anita Borg Institute’s 2009 Women of Vision Award and received the Aenne Burda Award for Creative Leadership in 2010. In 2012, Mitchell was inducted into the founding group of the Internet Society’s Hall of Fame. In 2018 she received the Webby Lifetime Achievement Award. She also received an honorary doctorate from the Universite Catholique de Louvain in Belgium. She has written op-eds for the Atlantic and CNN.com and appeared on NBC “Meet the Press”, BBC “HardTalk”, “CNN Global Office” , NBC’s “Weekend Today”, France 24, the UK's Channel 4 and NPR’s “Morning Edition". She has spoken at high-level events like Tech for Good, VivaTech, Wired NextFest, World Economic Forum, Mobile World Congress, Web Summit, Collision and Singularity University.
Kerry Cooper is an experienced consumer and retail executive and board member with a successful history of building and growing businesses, teams and developing great cultures. Most recently, Kerry was President and COO of Rothy’s, leading marketing, merchandising and operations at the wildly popular San Francisco-based shoe company. Kerry was recognized in 2020 by the National Retail Foundation as one of the 5 People Shaping Retail in 2020. Prior to joining Rothy’s, Kerry was CEO of Choose Energy, a Kleiner Perkins-backed energy marketplace. Kerry loves consumer businesses and understanding what is important to the customer and how to build customer-focused businesses. Prior to Choose Energy, Kerry served as COO and CMO of e-tailer ModCloth.com, where she scaled marketing, merchandising, supply chain, customer care, and fulfillment efforts across the US. Before ModCloth, Kerry led marketing and strategy for Walmart.com as CMO and VP of Global Ecommerce. Prior, she served as SVP of Retail and Planning for the Dockers brand at Levi’s.
Kerry is currently on the board of directors at PG&E, Upstart, Gradient, Fernish, Fictiv as well as an executive-in-residence at Acrew Capital. Previously she has served on the boards of BevMo! (2017 - 2020), Choose Energy (2013 - 2016), Weddington Way (2015 - 2017, sold to GAP 2017) and Wirecutter (NY Times) Advisory Board (2017 - 2019). She holds an MBA from Harvard University and an undergraduate degree in mechanical engineering from the University of Texas at Austin.
Karim is the Charles E. Wilson Professor of Business Administration and the Dorothy and Michael Hintze Fellow at the Harvard Business School. He specializes in technology management, innovation, digital transformation and artificial intelligence (AI). His innovation-related research is centered around his role as the founder and co-director of the Laboratory for Innovation Science at Harvard, and as the principal investigator of the NASA Tournament Laboratory.
Karim has published over 150 peer-reviewed papers in leading management, economics and natural science journals, executive-oriented articles in Harvard Business Review and MIT Sloan Management Review, and case studies for Harvard Business School He is the co-editor of two books from MIT Press on open and distributed innovation models, including Revolutionizing Innovation: Users, Communities and Open Innovation (2016) and Perspectives on Free and Open Source Software (2005). He is the co-author of Competing in the Age of AI (2020) a book published by the Harvard Business Review Press.
Karim was awarded his Ph.D. in management from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He also holds an SM degree in Technology and Policy from MIT, and a bachelor’s degree in Electrical Engineering and Management from McMaster University in Canada. He was a recipient of the Aga Khan Foundation International Scholarship and a doctoral fellowship from Canada’s Social Science and Humanities Research Council. Prior to coming to HBS he served as a Lecturer at MIT’s Sloan School of Management. Karim has also worked in sales, marketing and new product development roles at GE Healthcare and was a consultant with The Boston Consulting Group.
Hugh Molotsi is the founder and CEO of Ujama, a messaging platform for communities that makes it easy for people to help each other. Hugh is a seasoned product and technology leader and an accomplished innovator who has helped launch several disruptive products.
Hugh had a 22-year career at Intuit where his last position was Engineering Fellow and Vice President of Innovation. Hugh worked on QuickBooks and other small business offerings. Hugh led the launch of several new businesses, including QuickBooks Enterprise and Intuit Payments, which deliver over $1B in annual revenue today. Hugh was an inaugural member of Intuit’s Diversity Council, leading to the formation of a dozen employee networks, including Intuit’s faith-based networks. Hugh has been a dedicated supporter of early career development and helped develop Intuit’s Rotational Development Program.
Hugh is the co-author of “The Intrapreneur’s Journey”, a book on how to develop a culture of innovation at large companies. Hugh holds a Master of Science degree in Computer Engineering, and a Bachelor of Science degree in Computer Engineering Technology. Hugh is also an American Leadership Forum senior fellow and a certified leadership development trainer.
Outside work, Hugh serves on the board of Echoing Green, which discovers and invests in emerging social entrepreneurs. He is past president of the Board of Directors of Fresh Lifelines for Youth (FLY), a nonprofit agency that runs programs for at-risk youth.
Zain Habboo is the Chief Marketing & Mobilization Officer at the International Rescue Committee where she manages an award winning large global communications and marketing team. Previously, Zain served as the social change agency Fenton’s Chief Digital & Creative Officer. Before joining Fenton, Zain was Senior Director of Digital and Multimedia Strategy at the UN Foundation, where she coordinated digital, video, photo, and mobile strategies across the organization. During her time at the UN Foundation, there were many groundbreaking accomplishments, including helping launching the now global phenomenon #GivingTuesday, creating viral memes (the #unselfie) and social media innovations (#Instacorps), as well as global convergences such as the Social Good Summit and digital surge days. Zain was born in Iraq, raised in Jordan, and educated in the U.K., and brings a much-valued global approach and cultural understanding to her work. Zain is conversational in Arabic and French and has worked with organizations around the world on issues ranging from girls’ and women’s empowerment to climate change. Zain serves as a member of the board at the Mozilla Foundation and is a board member at PBS’s AmDoc POV series, she formerly served on the UN Foundation’s “Girl Up” board as well as the non-profit Too Young To Wed. Zain is a Global Human Development Fellow at Georgetown University and was a top finalist for the Washington Women in PR “Woman of the Year” award for 2020.
Raffi believes that when technology is used both strategically and intentionally, it has the power to impact people’s lives — and the world — for the better. This belief has guided him throughout his career as an engineer and tech leader, and drives his work enabling technological innovation across and beyond Emerson Collective.
Over the past decades, Raffi has helped companies and organizations build teams and tech infrastructure designed for impact. He was an executive at X (formerly Twitter) running a global engineering team focused on making X available and performant for the world. At Uber, he helped start and run the self-driving efforts tasked with building and deploying the first-ever self-driving and passenger carrying fleet in record time. His experiences at these industry- and world- changing companies gave him deep insight into the importance of thoughtful design and implementation within the social media, artificial intelligence, and commercial landscapes.
When Trump was elected in 2016, Raffi pivoted to put his technological know-how to use in the political realm. He joined the Democratic National Committee, as their first-ever Chief Technology Officer, to create a unique team fused with campaign and industry veterans, to secure the party after its breach by Russian state actors in the last presidential election, and to entirely revamp its tech infrastructure — all to enable Democrats to win the next few elections.
Over his four years at Emerson Collective, Raffi has brought his unique ability to harness tech talent to the social sector. He works across all teams — and with Emerson partners — to consider data, tools, and product design with the aim of empowering them to achieve their goals, and making EC a truly data-curious organization along the way.
Raffi is also the host of the Technically Optimistic podcast where he explores the intersection of technology with our society. He's had actors, senators, congress people, civil society directors, a nobel laureate, and industry professionals as guests. In its inaugural season, Technically Optimistic ranked #2 on Apple Podcasts technology list while reaching tens of thousands of unique listeners on the release day of each episode. Technically Optimistic is now also available as a Substack newsletter while Season 2 of the podcast is in production for release in early 2024.
Raffi is a graduate of M.I.T. He currently serves on numerous boards including TUMO, an Armenia-based organization focused on bringing cutting edge STEAM education, through an innovative free after-school program, to 50,000 kids in centers in Armenia, Lebanon, France, Switzerland, Germany, Ukraine, Albania, and others; the Community Tech Alliance, who works to break the cycle of time-intensive patchwork solutions that get rebuilt by progressive organizations election cycle to cycle; and Medic, a nonprofit organization founded to improve health and health outcomes in the world’s hardest-to-reach communities.
Alondra Nelson is the Harold F. Linder Professor at the Institute for Advanced Study. Dr. Nelson served as deputy assistant to President Joe Biden and acting director of the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy. As a distinguished senior fellow at the Center for American Progress, and a science and technology policy advisor, she has provided guidance to local, state, and federal governments, legislators, civil society, multilateral and international organizations, and others. She is the author of several books, most recently The Social Life of DNA, an award-winning exploration of the social implications of direct-to-consumer genetic technologies. Dr. Nelson is an elected member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the American Association for the Advancement of Science, the American Philosophical Society, the National Academy of Medicine, and the Council on Foreign Relations. In 2022, she was selected by Nature to its international list of ten people who shaped science. She was included in the inaugural TIME100 list of the most influential people in AI and appointed as the US-nominated representative to the United Nations High-Level Advisory Body on AI in 2023. Dr. Nelson brings deep technical and policy experience to the Mozilla Board, at a time when we’re investing in both.
|
||||||
7733
|
dbpedia
|
0
| 15
|
https://www.businessbecause.com/news/notable-alumni/7558/mit-notable-alumni
|
en
|
MIT Notable Alumni | 10 Famous MBAs From Sloan School of Management
|
[
"https://www.businessbecause.com/themes/businessbecause/img/BB_Logo_Rev_Landscape_RGB_96dpi.png",
"https://www.businessbecause.com/themes/businessbecause/img/search_responsive_white_m.png",
"https://www.businessbecause.com/themes/businessbecause/img/play-icon-11-24_2.png",
"https://www.businessbecause.com/themes/businessbecause/img/BB_Logo_Rev_Stacked_RGB_96dpi.png",
"https://www.businessbecause.com/themes/businessbecause/img/search.svg",
"https://www.businessbecause.com/themes/businessbecause/img/play-icon-11-24_2.png",
"https://www.businessbecause.com/uploads/default/news/images/1617233573.png",
"https://www.businessbecause.com/uploads/default/media/cropped-images/amy_webp-202-78-555-556-1701193594.png",
"https://www.businessbecause.com/themes/businessbecause/img/chat_left_text.svg",
"https://www.businessbecause.com/themes/businessbecause/img/hand_thumbs_up.svg",
"https://www.businessbecause.com/uploads/default/news/images/b796e32985b1d101c11be20c8da0c98f428b3c48.jpg",
"https://www.businessbecause.com/uploads/default/news/images/f50b321b2203120f646f45b026fb0dc89101ef57.jpg",
"https://www.businessbecause.com/uploads/default/news/images/5c0bb53ad5e878cc9960e3d8653515d433c7091f.jpg",
"https://www.businessbecause.com/uploads/default/news/images/bfe4ed05246e1715b7c5380a60e86713ec584605.jpg",
"https://www.businessbecause.com/uploads/default/news/images/c20b56c532717b031b502b3d22c5e74327a11bc7.jpg",
"https://www.businessbecause.com/uploads/default/news/images/8ac0089e0e8fac308366d7509be93c0250c41c0d.jpg",
"https://www.businessbecause.com/uploads/default/news/images/94ec160b2c8be3164e662b19e93752f6dd075ad6.jpg",
"https://www.businessbecause.com/uploads/default/news/images/e804a2c54ae766ad0664430a878d259644db7514.jpg",
"https://www.businessbecause.com/uploads/default/news/images/5539699b55a236ca92ce9d26720c0929fc7f35ca.jpg",
"https://www.businessbecause.com/uploads/default/news/images/thumbnail_6a025957a1c2f93337c99e05588785b3d0b2e471.png",
"https://www.businessbecause.com/uploads/default/news/images/thumbnail_86196220217ab912b240cc04969b2f69dbe3584d.png",
"https://www.businessbecause.com/uploads/default/news/images/thumbnail_1579685720.png",
"https://www.businessbecause.com/themes/businessbecause/img/BB_Roundel_Rev_RGB_150dpi.png",
"https://www.businessbecause.com/themes/businessbecause/img/instagram-i.svg",
"https://www.businessbecause.com/themes/businessbecause/img/facebook-i.svg",
"https://www.businessbecause.com/themes/businessbecause/img/twitter-i.svg",
"https://www.businessbecause.com/themes/businessbecause/img/youtube-i.svg",
"https://www.businessbecause.com/themes/businessbecause/img/linkedin-i.svg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Amy Hughes"
] |
2021-04-19T12:00:00
|
MIT's notable alumni include entrepreneurs, tech visionaries, and CEOs
|
en
|
https://www.businessbecause.com/news/notable-alumni/7558/mit-notable-alumni
|
The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) is a famously selective school. No fewer than 97 Nobel Laureates feature among the prestigious group of MIT notable alumni, and its business school, MIT Sloan School of Management, is just as prestigious.
The Sloan Fellowship, an accelerated MBA-like program, has welcomed the likes of Nobel Peace Prize winner Kofi Annan, executive chairman of Ford Motor Company William Clay Ford Jr, and former CEO of Hewlett-Packard Carly Fiorina—the first woman to lead a Fortune top-20 company—and the graduates of the MIT MBA are just as impressive.
With a program ranked among the best MBAs in the USA, the average MIT Sloan MBA more than doubles their salary post-graduation, and many go on to be leaders in their fields.
Here are 10 of the most successful MBA grads from MIT Sloan:
MIT Sloan Notable Alumni
Check out our other lists of notable alumni
Stanford University Notable Alumni
Wharton School Notable Alumni
Harvard Business School Notable Alumni
Indian School of Business Notable Alumni
1. John W Thompson
MBA Class of 1983
Chairman of Microsoft since 2014
Thompson got his start at IBM, moving up the ranks over a nearly 30-year career at the corporation. It was during this time that he undertook the MBA at Sloan, before leaving to become CEO of Symantec in 1999.
He succeeded Bill Gates as chairman of Microsoft in 2014, a position he still holds today, and is widely recognised as one of the pioneering businessmen of Silicon Valley.
2. Robin Chase
(© International Transport Forum, used under this license)
MBA Class of 1986
Co-founder and former CEO of Zipcar
Robin Chase met her Zipcar co-founder Antje Danielson in the late 1990s when their children attended the same kindergarten.
Though their working relationship swiftly soured, with Danielson leaving the company in 2001 and Chase being replaced as CEO in 2003, founding the company was the start of what has proven to be a long and successful entrepreneurial career.
As well as Zipcar, Chase has also founded Buzzcar, a peer-to-peer car sharing service, as well as vehicle network communications company Veniam, for which she is still executive chairman. She was named one of Time magazine’s 100 most influential people in 2009.
3. Shuman Ghosemajumder
(© TeachAids, used under this license)
MBA Class of 2002
Canadian technologist, entrepreneur, and author
Ghosemajumder is probably best known for his stint at Google from 2003 to 2010. During this time he led the effort to protect their annual pay per click revenue from click fraud, was one of the early product managers for AdSense, and served as part of the team that launched Gmail.
After his MBA at Sloan he decided to leave Google in 2010 to grow his nonprofit TeachAIDS, an Edtech company using technology to aid HIV prevention. He is also the current global head of artificial intelligence at F5.
4. Brian Halligan
MBA Class of 2005
CEO and co-founder of HubSpot
Halligan co-founded inbound marketing company HubSpot in 2006, a year after graduating from MIT Sloan.
By 2016, the company reported $271 million in total revenue, and Halligan is now a senior lecturer at MIT, teaching technical innovation, entrepreneurship, and strategic management.
(© HubSpot, used under this license)
5. Randal D Pinkett
MBA Class of 1998
Winner of season four of The Apprentice
Pinkett rose to fame as a contestant on The Apprentice in 2005. He was the first African American contestant to win the competition, hosted by future President of the United States Donald Trump.
After winning, he undertook the prized year-long apprenticeship with Trump Entertainment Resorts, overseeing the $110 million renovation of several hotels and casinos, before returning to his own consulting startup, BCT Partners.
Pinkett has also dabbled in politics, for instance serving as co-chairman of New Jersey Mayor Cory Booker’s transition team.
(© Dr. Randal Pinkett, used under this license)
6. Jamie McCourt
(© Commander, U.S. Naval Forces Europe-Africa/U.S. 6th Fleet, used under this license)
MBA Class of 1978
Former CEO of the LA Dodgers and former US Ambassador to the French Republic and Principality of Monaco
McCourt purchased the LA Dodgers in 2004 and joined the organization’s executive team. She broke records in this role as the highest-ranking woman in Major League Baseball, first as vice chairman in 2004, then as president in 2005, and finally as CEO in 2009.
From 2016 McCourt was involved in the Trump campaign and transition team, before taking up a role as Ambassador to the French Republic and Principality of Monaco in 2017.
7. Daryl Morey
(© 451 Research, used under this license)
MBA Class of 2000
President of Basketball Operations for the Philadelphia 76ers for the National Basketball Association (NBA)
Prior to joining the executive team for the Philadelphia 76ers, Morey worked with the Boston Celtics and the Houston Rockets.
In the latter role, he made history as the first such general manager to be hired by an NBA team. Under Morey’s leadership, the Rockets advanced to the playoffs nine times.
Morey is still involved with his old alma mater, serving as the cofounder and co-chair of the annual MIT Sloan Sports Analytics Conference.
8. Keiji Tachikawa
© NASA/Kim Shiflett
MBA 1978
President of the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)
Hailing from the same MBA graduating class as Jamie McCourt, Tachikawa was brought in to restructure the Japanese space agency after a 2003 H-IIA rocket launch failure, after which the company promised to resume launches in 2005.
9. Bill Taylor
(© Paul Gillin, used under this license)
MBA class of 1987
Co-founder and former editor of Fast Company Magazine
Fast Company is a monthly business magazine launched in 1995 by Taylor and his co-founders Alan Webber and Mortimer Zuckerman.
Prior to founding the magazine,Taylor had been an editor at the Harvard Business Review, and took an active editorial role in Fast Company for many years.
The magazine was sold in 2000 to Gruner + Jahr, just before the burst of the dot-com bubble, which led to significant losses for the magazine. Taylor ultimately left two years later, and now makes a living as an author and corporate educator.
10. Rafael del Pino Calvo-Sotelo
(© Ferrovial, used under this license)
MBA Class of 1986
Multibillionaire and executive chairman of Ferrovial
A fellow member of Robin Chase’s MBA class, Calvo-Sotelo put his MBA from MIT to work in his father’s business, serving as CEO of Grupo Ferrovial from 1992 to 1999, before taking over as executive chairman.
He is still heavily involved in business education, for instance as a member of the MIT Corporation, as well as sitting on advisory boards at other business schools around the world.
|
||||||
7733
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 6
|
https://www.biography.com/political-figures/kofi-annan
|
en
|
Death, Wife & Education
|
[
"https://www.biography.com/_assets/design-tokens/fre/static/icons/search.f1c199c.svg",
"https://www.biography.com/_assets/design-tokens/fre/static/icons/close.38e3324.svg",
"https://www.biography.com/_assets/design-tokens/biography/static/images/logos/logo.5ec9b18.svg?primary=%2523ffffff",
"https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/gettyimages-890475896-copy.jpg?crop=1xw:1.0xh;center,top&resize=640:*",
"https://www.biography.com/_assets/design-tokens/fre/static/icons/social/pinterest.e8cf655.svg?primary=%2523ffffff",
"https://www.biography.com/_assets/design-tokens/fre/static/icons/play.db7c035.svg?primary=%2523ffffff",
"https://hips.hearstapps.com/vidthumb/1da42bf1-9f2f-466a-affa-2347615d7656/1da42bf1-9f2f-466a-affa-2347615d7656_image.jpg?crop=1xw:1.0xh;center,top&resize=640:* 640w, https://hips.hearstapps.com/vidthumb/1da42bf1-9f2f-466a-affa-2347615d7656/1da42bf1-9f2f-466a-affa-2347615d7656_image.jpg?crop=1xw:1.0xh;center,top&resize=980:* 980w, https://hips.hearstapps.com/vidthumb/1da42bf1-9f2f-466a-affa-2347615d7656/1da42bf1-9f2f-466a-affa-2347615d7656_image.jpg?crop=1xw:1.0xh;center,top&resize=1200:* 1120w",
"https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/gettyimages-140803615-1676314986.jpg?crop=0.480xw:0.391xh;0.250xw,0.0304xh&resize=360:*",
"https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/vice-president-and-democratic-presidential-candidate-kamala-news-photo-1722962152.jpg?crop=0.671xw:1.00xh;0.0545xw,0&resize=360:*",
"https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/gettyimages-50787441-copy.jpg?crop=1.00xw:1.00xh;0,0&resize=360:*",
"https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/gettyimages-1054782700.jpg?crop=0.792xw:0.792xh;0.0962xw,0&resize=360:*",
"https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/gettyimages-631196894.jpg?crop=1.00xw:1.00xh;0,0&resize=360:*",
"https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/sylvia-rivera-crop2.jpg?crop=1.00xw:1.00xh;0,0&resize=360:*",
"https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/american-athlete-jesse-owens-news-photo-1716237770.jpg?crop=1.00xw:0.786xh;0,0.0176xh&resize=360:*",
"https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/opal-lee-speaks-during-a-juneteenth-concert-on-the-south-news-photo-1686859437.jpg?crop=0.588xw:0.880xh;0.245xw,0.0600xh&resize=360:*",
"https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/marsha-p-johnson-1-1.jpg?crop=0.663xw:1.00xh;0.170xw,0&resize=360:*",
"https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/gettyimages-1392246164-665775e602990.jpg?crop=1.00xw:1.00xh;0,0&resize=360:*",
"https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/naomi-osaka-gettyimages-1200613116.jpg?crop=1.00xw:1.00xh;0,0&resize=360:*",
"https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/johnnie-cochran-9542444-1-402.jpg?crop=1.00xw:1.00xh;0,0&resize=360:*",
"https://www.biography.com/_assets/design-tokens/biography/static/images/logos/logo.5ec9b18.svg?primary=%2523ffffff",
"https://www.biography.com/_assets/design-tokens/fre/static/icons/social/x.3361b6d.svg?primary=%2523ffffff&id=social-button-icon",
"https://www.biography.com/_assets/design-tokens/fre/static/icons/social/facebook.a5a3a69.svg?primary=%2523ffffff&id=social-button-icon",
"https://www.biography.com/_assets/design-tokens/fre/static/icons/social/instagram.f282b14.svg?primary=%2523ffffff&id=social-button-icon",
"https://www.biography.com/_assets/design-tokens/biography/static/images/logos/network-logo.04aa008.svg?primary=%2523ffffff"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
"School: University of Science and Technology",
"School: Macalester College",
"School: Institute for Advanced International Studies in Geneva",
"Nationality: Ghanaian",
"Death City: Bern",
"Birth Country: Ghana",
"Birth City: Kumasi",
"Death Month/Day: August 18",
"Birth Month/Day: April 8",
"Death Country: Switzerland",
"Last Name: Mandela",
"First Name: Nelson",
"Industry/Interest Area: World Politics",
"Death Year: 2018",
"Birth Year: 1938",
"School: Massachusetts Institute of Technology",
"Astrological Sign: Aries",
"Life Events/Experience: Nobel Prize",
"Group: Civil Rights Activists",
"Death Month: 8",
"Birth Month: 4",
"Group: Black History Month"
] | null |
[] |
2014-04-02T09:04:03+00:00
|
Kofi Annan was the former secretary-general of the United Nations and a recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize.
|
en
|
/_assets/design-tokens/biography/static/images/favicon.3635572.ico
|
Biography
|
https://www.biography.com/political-figures/kofi-annan
|
(1938-2018)
Who Was Kofi Annan?
Kofi Annan was born into an aristocratic family in Ghana and he attended a number of schools and colleges, studying international relations in the United States and Switzerland. He became an international civil servant working for the United Nations in 1962. He went on to become the U.N. secretary-general and later a special envoy to Syria. Annan died on August 18, 2018 in Switzerland at the age of 80.
Early Life and Education
Former United Nations Secretary-General Kofi Atta Annan was born within minutes of his twin sister, Efua Atta, on April 8, 1938, in Kumasi, Ghana. The grandchild and nephew of three tribal chiefs, Annan was raised in one of Ghana's aristocratic families.
In his mid-teens, Annan attended an elite Methodist boarding school called Mfantsipim, where he learned that "suffering anywhere concerns people everywhere." Upon Annan's graduation from the school in 1957, Ghana gained independence from Britain; it was the first British African colony to do so. "It was an exciting period," Annan once told The New York Times. "People of my generation, having seen the changes that took place in Ghana, grew up thinking all was possible."
Annan went on to pursue higher education, attending four different colleges: Kumasi College of Science and Technology, now the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology; Macalester College in St. Paul, Minnesota; Graduate Institute of International Studies in Geneva, Switzerland; and the MIT Sloan School of Management in Cambridge, Massachusetts. He earned a number of degrees, including a Master of Science, and studied international relations. Annan, whose native language is Akan, also became fluent in English, French, some Kru languages and other African languages.
Career with the United Nations
Annan's career with the United Nations began in 1962, when he got a job working as a budget officer for the World Health Organization, a U.N. agency. Annan has been an international civil servant ever since, with the exception of a short break from 1974 to 1976, when he worked as the director of tourism in Ghana.
For a nine-year period from 1987 to 1996, Annan was appointed to serve as an assistant secretary-general in three consecutive positions: Human Resources, Management and Security Coordinator; Program Planning, Budget and Finance, and Controller; and Peacekeeping Operations. While he served in that last capacity, the Rwandan genocide took place. Canadian ex-General Roméo Dallaire, who has been the force commander of the United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda, accused Annan of being overly passive in his responses to the 1994 genocide. Some 10 years after the genocide, in which more than 800,000 people were killed, Annan admitted that he "could and should have done more to sound the alarm and rally support," according to a March 2004 BBC article.
Annan served as under-secretary-general from March 1994 to October 1995. He resumed the position in 1996 after a five-month appointment to serve as a special representative of the secretary-general to the former Yugoslavia.
United Nations Chief
The United Nations Security Council recommended Annan to replace the previous secretary-general, Dr. Boutros Boutros-Ghali of Egypt, in later 1996. The General Assembly voted in his favor, and he began his first term as secretary-general on January 1, 1997.
Among Annan's most well-known accomplishments were his issuance of a five-point Call to Action in April 2001 to address the HIV/AIDS pandemic and his proposal to create a Global AIDS and Health Fund. He and the United Nations were jointly awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in December of 2001 "for their work for a better organized and more peaceful world."
Annan is also known for his opposition to the 2003 invasion of Iraq and to Iran's nuclear program. He told the BBC in September 2004 that the Iraq war did not conform to the U.N. charter and was illegal.
Life After the United Nations
Annan retired on December 31, 2006. Several months prior, he gave a farewell speech to world leaders at U.N. headquarters in New York, outlining major problems with an unjust world economy and widespread contempt for human rights.
"We are not only all responsible for each other's security," Annan said in his speech. "We are also, in some measure, responsible for each other's welfare. Global solidarity is both necessary and possible. It is necessary because without a measure of solidarity no society can be truly stable, and no one's prosperity truly secure."
Following his retirement, Annan returned to Ghana. He became involved with a number of organizations with a global focus. He was chosen to lead the formation of the Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa, became a member of the Global Elders and was appointed president of the Global Humanitarian Forum in Geneva. In 2009, Annan joined a Columbia University program at the university’s School of International and Public Affairs.
In February 2012, Annan was appointed as the U.N.-Arab League envoy to Syria in an attempt to end the civil war taking place there. He developed a six-point plan for peace. He resigned from the position, citing intransigence of both the Syrian government and the rebels, as well as the Security Council's failure to create a peaceful resolution.
"As an envoy, I can't want peace more than the protagonists, more than the Security Council or the international community, for that matter," Annan said in a resignation speech on August 2, 2012.
"I had expected to go into Ghanaian politics," Annan once told Saga magazine, "retire to a farm at 60 and die in my bed at 80. It did not happen so. It's one of the things God does."
Death
Annan passed away after a short illness in a hospital in Bern, Switzerland, on August 18, 2018. His wife Nane and children Ama, Kojo and Nina were by his side. "Kofi Annan was a global statesman and a deeply committed internationalist who fought throughout his life for a fairer and more peaceful world. During his distinguished career and leadership of the United Nations he was an ardent champion of peace, sustainable development, human rights and the rule of law," the Kofi Annan Foundation and Annan family said in a statement.
QUICK FACTS
Birth Year: 1938
Birth date: April 8, 1938
Birth City: Kumasi
Birth Country: Ghana
Gender: Male
Best Known For: Kofi Annan was the former secretary-general of the United Nations and a recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize.
Industries
World Politics
Astrological Sign: Aries
Schools
Institute for Advanced International Studies in Geneva
Macalester College
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
University of Science and Technology
Nacionalities
Ghanaian
Death Year: 2018
Death date: August 18, 2018
Death City: Bern
Death Country: Switzerland
Fact Check
We strive for accuracy and fairness.If you see something that doesn't look right,contact us!
CITATION INFORMATION
|
||||
7733
|
dbpedia
|
3
| 40
|
https://theirworld.org/news/kofi-annan-tributes-from-global-youth-ambassadors-young-advocates/
|
en
|
“Kofi Annan believed in this current generation to make a better and progressive future for the next”
|
[
"https://theirworld.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/large-Theirworld-official-logo_adobe_express.svg",
"https://theirworld.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/Kofi-Annan-at-UN-in-2012.jpg",
"https://theirworld.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/Kofi-Annan-at-UN-in-2012.jpg",
"https://theirworld.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/Julius-Karl-Dugboer-Fieve-GYA-from-Ghana.jpg",
"https://theirworld.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/Julius-Karl-Dugboer-Fieve-GYA-from-Ghana.jpg",
"https://theirworld.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/Enock-Nkulanga-GYA-from-Uganda.jpg",
"https://theirworld.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/Enock-Nkulanga-GYA-from-Uganda.jpg",
"https://theirworld.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/Olanrewaju-Gideon-Seun-GYA-from-Nigeria.jpg",
"https://theirworld.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/Olanrewaju-Gideon-Seun-GYA-from-Nigeria.jpg",
"https://theirworld.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/Javnyuy-Joybert-GYA-from-Cameroon.jpg",
"https://theirworld.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/Javnyuy-Joybert-GYA-from-Cameroon.jpg",
"https://theirworld.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/Suprabhat-Das-GYA-from-India.jpg",
"https://theirworld.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/Suprabhat-Das-GYA-from-India.jpg",
"https://theirworld.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/Olowo-Omotoke-Titilope-GYA-from-Nigeria.jpg",
"https://theirworld.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/Olowo-Omotoke-Titilope-GYA-from-Nigeria.jpg",
"https://theirworld.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/Nyugah-Innocent-Fomusoh-GYA-from-Cameroon.jpg",
"https://theirworld.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/Nyugah-Innocent-Fomusoh-GYA-from-Cameroon.jpg",
"https://theirworld.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/Kenneth-Gyamerah-GYA-from-Ghana-and-his-student-Patricia.jpg",
"https://theirworld.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/Kenneth-Gyamerah-GYA-from-Ghana-and-his-student-Patricia.jpg",
"https://theirworld.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/GYA-Joannes-Paulus-Yimbesalu-with-children-in-Cameroon.jpg",
"https://theirworld.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/GYA-Joannes-Paulus-Yimbesalu-with-children-in-Cameroon.jpg",
"https://theirworld.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/African-Union-Special-Rapporteurs.jpg",
"https://theirworld.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/African-Union-Special-Rapporteurs.jpg",
"https://theirworld.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/African-leaders-at-AFEY-event.png",
"https://theirworld.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/African-leaders-at-AFEY-event.png",
"https://theirworld.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/medium-GBCED_Logo_blue.png",
"https://theirworld.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/medium-GBCED_Logo_blue.png",
"https://theirworld.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/fr-logo.png",
"https://theirworld.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/fr-logo.png",
"https://theirworld.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Four-Star-Rating-Badge-Full-Color-2000x2000.png",
"https://theirworld.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Four-Star-Rating-Badge-Full-Color-2000x2000.png",
"https://theirworld.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/candid-seal-platinum-2024.png",
"https://theirworld.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/candid-seal-platinum-2024.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] |
2018-08-24T10:50:00+00:00
|
Our Global Youth Ambassadors - a network of 900 advocates from over 80 countries - pay their personal tributes to the former UN Secretary-General, who died aged 80.
|
en
|
Theirworld
|
https://theirworld.org/news/kofi-annan-tributes-from-global-youth-ambassadors-young-advocates/
|
Julius Karl Dugboer Fieve (Ghana)
I was in faraway Mafi Akukokpo, a small village in the Mafi Zongo Electoral Area of the Central Tongu District of the Volta Region in Ghana when I heard of the sudden demise of a hero, mentor, role model and peace advocate, Kofi Annan.
I was incredibly saddened. I had always hoped to meet both Kofi Annan and Barack Obama. These two global leaders have long inspired me.
With the death of Kofi Annan the world has lost a fine man who carried Ghana and Africa to the United Nations. Antonio Guterres was right when he said “Kofi Annan was the UN”.
He demonstrated through his exploits with the UN that humanity has the ability to make development sustainable to ensure that it meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
Kofi Annan was a generational thinker who ruthlessly believed in this current generation to make a better and progressive future for the next.
I believe that, as young leaders, the best tribute and remembrance of this legend is to continue shaping our local communities and ensure we collaboratively work to ensure we achieve the United Nations target of eradicating poverty and hunger.
We must disruptively and innovatively ensure governments and those in authorities at all levels create a just and empowered society.
This also means that we, the youth, must ensure our local communities participate in political processes and decision-making and that our voices are heard by those in authority – no matter the cost. It also calls for accountability and equity in service delivery.
Kofi Annan represented Africa on the global stage. In order for Africa to produce another Kofi Annan, we must take up leadership and governance roles in our local communities, volunteer to create difference in the lives of fellow Africans and work hard to have our presence felt at the global level.
African youth must be passionate and zealous about leadership, entrepreneurship and volunteerism, and build an impeccable career or professional future for themselves and society.
We must be socially responsible by getting connected with the problems of our communities as well as the solutions. I believe, we can and we will. “Yes we can”.
It is a sad moment for Africa and it is a sad moment for global peace and development. But I believe the legacy of Kofi Annan will live on. Hedenyuie (RIP) Kofi Annan.
I was privileged to have met Kofi Annan in Johannesburg, South Africa, during the convening of the Obama Foundation Leaders. He said to all of us who were there: ”You’re never too young to lead and you are never too old to learn”.
That was profound and hit home. I remember, when he came on stage, he first said that his voice wasn’t well and so he would like to be excused in case he isn’t clear enough.
He really looked weak to me then. I am deeply saddened about his passing, as we only saw him three weeks ago.
I grew up and joined school early but one of the people I used to hear often about was Kofi Annan. If I wasn’t researching about Gandhi, Mandela, King or Mother Teresa, then the next person in line would always be Kofi Annan.
He inspired me so much at an early age to the extent that I wanted to be like him. Meeting him in person in Johannesburg with Barack Obama at the same time of year was a double blessing and I will forever be grateful.
I extend my sincerest condolences to Kofi Annan’s family as they grieve the passing of a person who loved them, worked hard to inspire them and lifted the status of their family as well as blessed generations to come.
“I am convinced more than ever that any society that does not succeed in tapping into the energy and creativity of its youth will be left behind.” – Kofi Annan
This quote felt like it spoke directly to me when Kofi Annan said it a few years ago. He reassured me that, despite the fact young people are not being invested in and treated as the assets they should be across the African continent, we the young people should rise up and prove that our energy and creativity is what the continent needs to thrive.
Four years ago I founded the Center for Entrepreneurship, Leadership and Business Management Development (CELBMD).
I founded it to create a unique institution that will tap and harness the energy and creativity of African youth to contribute to mother Africa. Kofi Annan, your legacy lives on.
Thank you for teaching us the values of integrity, service and commitment to humankind. Rest in peace.
“To live is to choose. But to choose well, you must know who you are and what you stand for, where you want to go and why you want to get there.” – Kofi Annan
This quote is the reason I choose to advocate for the right of people living with disabilities.
They choose to live and they deserve a life free from stigmatisation and marginalisation. We will get there through increasing inclusion.
Kofi Annan was a man of many accomplishments. He believed the world can be a better place for all if we actually go beyond talking to taking action.
Walking our talks, pushing forward our ideals, being truly selfless and committed to make a lasting change in the world. It isn’t always easy – sometimes you have to make personal sacrifices, you may have to make tough decisions.
Kofi was hugely relevant and impactful on world affairs during his life. His legacy will continue because the world will not forget.
“Children are our future and if we use them in battle, we are destroying the future. We must reclaim them, every one of them, one at a time.” – Kofi Annan
Children in the North West and South West regions of Cameroon have for over two academic years now have been out of school with some of them joining pro-separatist fighters.
Through social media, I join my voice to the #NotoSchoolBoycott campaign that is calling on everyone to allow children to go back to school. Please join me too.
“Any society that does not succeed in tapping into the creativity and energy of the youth will be left behind.” – Kofi Annan
As a youth leader, I completely agree with this statement. The world’s youth population is at an all-time high. At 1.8 billion people aged 15 to 29, young people have the potential to contribute to a happy, healthy and prosperous future for all.
But if we don’t engage and empower youth now then the cycles of poverty, unemployment and lack of education will continue to grow.
Kofi Annan inspired this generation. He was a true statesman, an astute diplomat and a humanitarian. We have been blessed to have seen his contributions to making the world a better place for all.
Kofi Annan had his basic and high school education in Ghana. His legacy motivates me to do more for humanity.
|
|||||
7733
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 52
|
https://courses.edx.org/courses/course-v1:SDGAcademyX%2BICT001%2B3T2021/297041a7152347a9976fe54c71742039/
|
en
|
Instructors
|
https://edx-cdn.org/v3/prod/favicon.ico
|
https://edx-cdn.org/v3/prod/favicon.ico
|
[
"https://edx-cdn.org/v3/prod/logo.svg",
"https://edx-cdn.org/v3/prod/logo-trademark.svg",
"https://prod-edx-edxapp-assets.edx-cdn.org/static/images/app/app_store_badge_135x40.d0558d910630.svg",
"https://prod-edx-edxapp-assets.edx-cdn.org/static/images/app/google_play_badge_45.6ea466e328da.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
en
|
https://edx-cdn.org/v3/prod/favicon.ico
| null |
Dorothy Gordon
Chair, UNESCO Information for All Programme (IFAP)
Dorothy Gordon is the Chair of the UNESCO Information For All Programme and Board Member of the UNESCO Institute for Information Technologies in Education. She has worked in the field of international development and technology for over thirty years and is recognized as a leading technology activist and specialist in policy, education, technology, and society in Africa. Her work as a leader, manager, consultant, and speaker has taken her to over 100 countries. She is a strong advocate of the ROAM principles (internet universality), building on her work with the Open Movement and Creative Commons.
Leveraging her government, corporate, civil society, and UN policy and management experience, she currently works as an advisor and management consultant. Previously, as the founding Director-General of the Ghana-India Kofi Annan Centre of Excellence in ICT, she strategically positioned the Centre as a leading technology training and consulting partner on the African continent. During her tenure, she actively encouraged greater participation of women in STEM, supported Ghana’s start-up economy, and built global tech partnerships to complement South-South cooperation with India. She served as a senior manager with UNDP in India and held other management and specialist positions in Geneva, New York, and Zambia.
She mentors, volunteers, and serves on governing boards and award juries with a number of local and global initiatives working to define a better technology-mediated future. These include Chatham House, Creative Commons, IEEE WG-ICICLE, Kasahorow Foundation, Literacy Bridge Ghana, UNESCO, and the World Summit Awards.
She holds degrees from the University of Ghana and the University of Sussex, Institute of Development Studies, where she trained as a development economist. She works in both English and French.
Guilherme Canela Godoi
Chief, Section of Freedom of Expression and Safety of Journalists, UNESCO Communication and Information Sector
Former Regional Adviser for Communication and Information, UNESCO Montevideo Office
Guilherme Canela holds the position of chief of the section of Freedom of Expression and Safety of Journalists at UNESCO headquarters in Paris. For 8 years, he held the position of Communication and Information Regional Adviser for Latin America and the Caribbean at the UNESCO Montevideo Office. During those years, he performed as Regional Coordinator of the UNESCO Initiative for the Promotion of Democracy and Freedom of Expression in judicial systems in Latin America. He was also the Secretary of the Regional Committee of the UNESCO Memory of the World Programme for Latin America and the Caribbean, and the focal point of the Organization for issues related to the safety of journalists. He has a B.A. in International Relations from the University of Brasília (UNB) and a Master’s Degree in Political Science from the University of São Paulo (USP).
For 8 years (2000-2008), Guilherme coordinated the media and journalism research area of the News Agency for Children’s Rights (ANDI). In this period, he was responsible for several surveys that evaluated the news media coverage on issues such as children’s education, rights, violence, health, sexual abuse, human and social development, drugs, participatory democracy, entrepreneurial social responsibility, human rights, among others.
He is co-author of 10 books published by ANDI on these issues (Series Media and Social Mobilization, Cortez Publisher) and several brochures, magazines, and discussion texts on various topics related to the universe of human rights, of the rights of children, in particular of development and of democracies. He was a research consultant for the United Nations Latin American Institute for the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders and for the Ayrton Senna Journalism Award.
Guilherme was a senior member of the Working Group of the Ministry of Justice of Brazil to Provide Advisory Services to the Regulation of TV Programs’ Rating System and associated researcher at the Nucleus for Studies of Media and Politics of the University of Brasilia. He was president of the Consultative Committee on Children and Media in Uruguay. Jointly with Solano Nascimento, he published the book Access to information and public policies social control. He actively participated in the process of discussion and implementation of Access laws in Brazil, Paraguay and acted as an international observer in the Uruguay Open Government process. He was/is a member of several advisory boards and juries related to journalism and freedom of expression.
José Clastornik
Chief Executive, AGESIC, Office of the President of Uruguay
José Clastornik was appointed by the President of the Republic to lead the Agency for e-Government and Information and Knowledge Society (AGESIC) since its inception in 2007. With his leadership, Uruguay has consolidated as a leading digital government, globally recognized as part of the D7.
Clastornik is a member of the Boards of Directors of the regulatory units of Privacy, Access to Public Information, and Electronic Certification. He was the President of the Public Procurement Agency from its inception until 2017.
Prior to this appointment, he served as the CEO of HG, the IT firm of the government’s Telco enterprise, and held executive positions in multinational IT companies for more than ten years.
Doreen Bogdan-Martin
Director, Telecommunication Development Bureau, International Telecommunication Union (ITU)
Former Chief, Strategic Planning & Membership, ITU
Doreen Bogdan-Martin was elected Director of the ITU Telecommunication Development Bureau on the 1st of November 2018. She took office on the 1st of January 2019.
She is a strategic leader with 30 years' high-level experience in international and inter-governmental relations and a long history of success in policy and strategy development, analysis, and execution. She has advised governments around the world on policy and regulatory issues and is a regular presenter at high-level international forums and summits.
Prior to her election, Ms. Bogdan-Martin oversaw the organization's Membership, Corporate Communications, External Affairs, and UN Liaison teams, and was instrumental in establishing the Broadband Commission for Sustainable Development, on which she continues to serve as Executive Director.
She was one of the principal architects of the annual Global Symposium for Regulators, directed ITU's first global youth summit #BYND, oversees ITU's contribution to the EQUALS Global Partnership for Gender Equality in the Digital Age, and is leading ITU's collaboration with UNICEF and others on the GIGA project to connect the world's schools.
Prior to joining ITU, Ms. Bogdan-Martin was a Telecommunications Policy Specialist in the National Telecommunication and Information Administration (NTIA), US Department of Commerce.
She holds a Master's degree in International Communications Policy from American University in Washington, DC, post-graduate certification in Strategies for Leadership from the Institute for Management Development in Lausanne, Switzerland, and is certified in Accountability and Ethics by the United Nations Leaders Programme.
She is an affiliate of the Harvard University Berkman-Klein Center for Internet and Society and a Generation Unlimited Champion. She serves on a number of advisory bodies, including the Geneva-Tsinghua Initiative, the SDG Lab Advisory Board, and the UN Technology Innovation Labs. She is also an amateur radio operator.
She is married with four children.
Chief Nathaniel Ebo Nsarko
Country Director, Ghana, Millennium Promise Alliance & the One Million Community Health Workers (1mCHW) Campaign
Chief Nathaniel Ebo Nsarko is a Ghanaian and currently the country director of Millennium Promise Alliance and the One Million Community Health Worker Campaign where ICT and innovations are explored to advance healthcare to the doorsteps of the rural poor. He holds a Master’s degree in Community Health and Development Communication, an MBA in Public Health Management from Robert Kennedy College, Zurich, Switzerland, and a Master’s in Communication Studies (Development Communication) from the University of Cape Coast, Ghana and B.F.A and Dip. TEC degrees from University of Ghana - Legon Ghana. Chief Nat has over 15 years of practical field experience as a community-based health communication expert, development, and social engineer coupled with various managerial positions at the national, regional, district, and community levels in Ghana. He has several ambassadorial roles to his credit including Peace ambassador for Ghana 2008/ 2013, SDG 3 Ambassador from Lavazza Foundation 2017 and serves as a chief advisor for the UN Youth Ghana.
As a community health communication and mobilization expert, development communications, and sustainable development project concept designer, Chief Nat has demonstrated a high level of commitment and excellence. His rich experience has earned him deep involvement with Ministries of Health, Employment and Local Government and Rural Development, Ghana Health Service, and many other agencies and organizations in Ghana over the years.
Eduardo Diniz
Professor, Fundação Getulio Vargas
Eduardo Henrique Diniz is an electrical engineer and has been a professor at Escola de Administração de Empresas de São Paulo at Fundação Getulio Vargas (FGV-EAESP) in São Paulo, Brazil, since 1999. He has been Head of the Department of Technology and Data Science since 2018. Eduardo is also a researcher at the FGV’s Center for Financial Inclusion Studies. He was a visiting scholar at the University of California, Berkeley, from 1997-98, at HEC Montreal in 2007, and Erasmus University in Rotterdam in 2016-17. He has been also Bellagio Fellow since 2014. Eduardo has conducted research on technology in banking since 1991 and has published several papers and articles on the subject. From 2009 to 2015, he served as the Chief-Editor of Revista de Administração de Empresas. He holds an MSc and Ph.D. in Business Administration, with a focus in Information Systems Management.
Luis Gonzalez Morales
Chief, Web Development and Data Visualization Section, UN Statistics Division
Luis Gonzalez Morales is Chief of the Web Development and Data Visualization Unit and focal point on Data Revolution for Sustainable Development at the UN Statistics Division. He is part of the Secretariat's team organizing the UN World Data Forum and supporting the High-level Group for Partnership, Coordination, and Capacity-Building for statistics for the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, and co-leads initiatives in data interoperability and integration of geospatial information and statistics for the SDGs. Since he joined the Statistics Division in 2005, Luis has worked with national statistical offices and international partners on methodology and capacity development projects, particularly in the fields of economic statistics, data quality, development indicators, and the coordination of national statistical activities for the SDGs. He has a Ph.D. in Economics from the University of Bochum in Germany and an MSc in Statistics from the Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Studies in Mexico.
Jessica Espey
Senior Adviser to the UN Sustainable Development Solutions Network
Jessica is a Senior Advisor to the United Nations Sustainable Development Solutions Network (SDSN), based in Cambridge, Massachusetts, and is the Head of the TReNDS program, SDSN’s Thematic Research Network on Data and Statistics. Before moving to Cambridge she was Associate Director and Head of SDSN’s New York Office.
Jessica’s current research includes a study on the return on investment from improved data systems and case study research on the legal and institutional structures required for public-private data sharing to support the achievement of the SDGs. Jessica is a member of the Global Partnership for Sustainable Development Data’s Technical Advisory Group and the Group on Earth’s Observation’s Expert Advisory Group.
Prior to joining SDSN, Jessica served as a special adviser on the post-2015 agenda within the Office of the President of Liberia. She has also worked as a senior researcher at Save the Children UK, the Overseas Development Institute (ODI), and the British Institute in Eastern Africa (BIEA). Her research interests are varied and include data systems for sustainable development, evidence-based policy-making, sustainable urbanization, and the study of horizontal inequalities.
Jessica holds a Bachelor of Arts degree with Honours in Modern History from the University of Oxford and a Master of Sciences degree in the Political Economy of Development from the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London. Over the past 12 years, she has lived and worked in Liberia, Kenya, Rwanda, the UK, and the US.
Sara Rendtorff-Smith
Independent Consultant, Data-Driven Governance and AI Policy
Sara Rendtorff-Smith supports public officials, nonprofits, and journalists in accessing probabilistic AI to advance the public interest, social equity, and justice. She served as the Applied Research Lead for Data-driven Governance and AI Policy at MIT and previously worked for nearly ten years on political, economic, and social challenges facing countries in the immediate aftermath of armed conflict. She started her career with an international humanitarian NGO in Afghanistan and has since worked across the political, development, and peacekeeping pillars to ensure that peacemaking is inclusive and international recovery and state-building efforts contribute to sustainable peace. Sara has led program and policy initiatives in the Central African Republic (CAR), Darfur, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Liberia, Mali, and South Sudan and has contributed to drafting UN institutional guidance on civilian protection, conflict management, economic governance, and support to institution building in post-conflict settings. At UN headquarters, she served on special planning teams for transition scenarios in Syria and the establishment of a peacekeeping operation in the CAR. Sara is particularly interested in applying insights from system dynamics, behavioral sciences, and data science to addressing the challenges of criminal justice reform, socio-economic inclusion, and urban sustainability and resilience.
Katina Michael
Professor of Computing and Information Technology, University of Wollongong
Dr. Katina Michael is a professor in the School of Computing and Information Technology at the University of Wollongong. Until recently she was the Associate Dean – International in the Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences. Katina is formerly the long-standing IEEE Technology and Society Magazine editor-in-chief (2012-2017), and presently an IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine senior editor. Since 2008 she has been a board member of the Australian Privacy Foundation, and formerly the Vice-Chair. Katina researches the socio-ethical implications of emerging technologies. She has written and edited six books, guest-edited numerous special issue journals on themes related to radio-frequency identification (RFID) tags, supply chain management, location-based services, innovation, and surveillance/uberveillance. In 2017, Katina was awarded the prestigious Brian M. O'Connell Award for Distinguished Service to the IEEE Society on the Social Implications of Technology (IEEESSIT).
Jeffrey D. Sachs
University Professor and Director, Center for Sustainable Development, The Earth Institute, Columbia University;
Director, UN Sustainable Development Solutions Network
Jeffrey D. Sachs is a world-renowned professor of economics, the leader in sustainable development, senior UN advisor, bestselling author, and syndicated columnist whose monthly newspaper columns appear in more than 100 countries. He is the co-recipient of the 2015 Blue Planet Prize, the leading global prize for environmental leadership. He has twice been named among Time Magazine’s 100 most influential world leaders. He was called by The New York Times, “probably the most important economist in the world,” and by Time magazine “the world’s best-known economist.” A recent survey by The Economist magazine ranked Professor Sachs as among the world’s three most influential living economists of the past decade. Professor Sachs is widely considered to be one of the world’s leading experts on economic development, global macroeconomics, and the fight against poverty. His work on ending poverty, overcoming macroeconomic instability, promoting economic growth, fighting hunger and disease, and promoting sustainable environmental practices, has taken him to more than 125 countries with more than 90 percent of the world’s population. For more than thirty years he has advised dozens of heads of state and governments on economic strategy, in the Americas, Europe, Asia, Africa, and the Middle East. He was among the outside advisors to Pope John Paul II on the encyclical Centesimus Annus and in recent years has worked closely with the Pontifical Academy of Sciences and the Pontifical Academy of Social Sciences on the issues of sustainable development. Professor Sachs is the Director of the United Nations Sustainable Development Solutions Network (SDSN) which was launched in 2012, bringing together scientific and technical expertise from academia, civil society, and the private sector to support and promote sustainable development problem-solving at local, national, and global levels. The design and implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is an important part of its work.
Nandan Nilekani
Co-Founder and Non-Executive Chairman, Infosys;
Co-Founder and Chairman, EkStep Foundation;
Former Chairman of the Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI)
Nandan Nilekani co-founded Infosys and has been the Non-Executive Chairman of Infosys since 24 Aug 2017. He is the Co-founder and Chairman of EkStep, a not-for-profit effort to create a learner-centric, technology-based platform to improve basic literacy and numeracy for millions of children. He was most recently the Chairman of the Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI) in the rank of a Cabinet Minister.
Born in Bengaluru, Nilekani received his Bachelor’s degree from IIT, Bombay. Fortune Magazine conferred him with “Asia’s Businessman of the year 2003.” In 2005 he received the prestigious Joseph Schumpeter prize for innovative services in the economy, economic sciences, and politics. In 2006, he was awarded the Padma Bhushan. He was also named Businessman of the year by Forbes Asia. Time magazine listed him as one of the 100 most influential people in the world in 2006 & 2009. Foreign Policy magazine listed him as one of the Top 100 Global thinkers in 2010. He won The Economist Social & Economic Innovation Award for his leadership of India’s Unique Identification initiative (Aadhaar). In 2017, he received the Lifetime Achievement Award from E&Y. CNBC-TV 18 conferred India Business leader award for the outstanding contributor to the Indian Economy - 2017, and he also received the 22nd Nikkei Asia Prize for Economic & Business Innovation 2017. Nandan Nilekani is the author of “Imagining India” and co-authored his second book with Viral Shah, “Rebooting India: Realizing a Billion Aspirations.”
Pramod Varma
CTO, EkStep Foundation;
Chief Architect, Aadhaar
Dr. Pramod Varma is the Chief Architect and Technology Advisor for the Aadhaar project where he is responsible for the entire system architecture and strategic technology decisions. He is also the architect for various India Stack layers such as eSign, Digital Locker, and UPI. He voluntarily works with many government agencies at the technology advisory level. He joined UIDAI in 2009 as part of the founding team and has been pivotal in ensuring an open, scalable, and secure architecture is built to meet the needs of the Aadhaar project.
Currently, he is the CTO for EkStep, a not-for-profit, creating a learner-centric, technology-enabled platform to improve applied literacy and numeracy. He sits on the technology advisory board of National Payment Corporation (NPCI), Goods and Services Tax Network (GSTN), SEBI, and helps with many public initiatives as a volunteer at iSpirt. He regularly speaks at technology conferences and events and participates in advisory groups of various national projects from time to time. Pramod holds a Master’s and a Ph.D. degree in Computer Science along with a second Masters's in Applied Mathematics. Over the past 25+ years, he has studied architectures spanning from mainframes to web and has worked extensively with most programming languages and databases. His main areas of interest are Internet-scale distributed architectures and intelligent systems. He is passionate about technology, science, society, and teaching.
Shankar Maruwada
Co-Founder and CEO, EkStep Foundation
Shankar Maruwada is the CEO and Co-founder of EkStep. Shankar is passionate about addressing social problems at scale through technology-based tools. He is an entrepreneur and marketing professional with a wide range of experience working on large-scale projects such as the AADHAAR, India’s national identification program, where he was the Head of Demand Generation and Marketing.
Alison Kennedy
Former Programme Specialist, Education Survey Section, UNESCO Institute for Statistics
Prior to 2019, Alison Kennedy was a program specialist at the UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS) based in Montréal (Canada). She has worked as a statistician at both national and international levels for nearly thirty years in the field of education. She led the team responsible for education data for monitoring Education For All and the Millennium Development Goals and more recently has been heavily involved in the development and implementation of the global and thematic indicator frameworks for the follow-up and review of SDG 4 and the Education 2030 Agenda.
Alexandre Barbosa
Head of the Regional Center for Studies on the Development of the Information Society (Cetic.br) under the auspices of UNESCO, based in São Paulo, Brazil
Responsible for managing research projects for the production of ICT-related statistics on the access to and use of ICTs in different segments of society, including indicators on the digital economy, e-commerce, and e-government. Coordinates capacity-building programs in survey methodologies in Latin America and Portuguese-speaking countries in Africa. Mr. Barbosa was the Chair of the Expert Group on ICT Households indicators (EGH) from the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) from 2012 to 2017 and currently is a member of the International Advisory Group of Experts on the Global Kids Online project (UNICEF and LSE) and member of the Council Board of The Innovation Center for Brazilian Education (CIEB).
Mr. Barbosa holds a Ph.D. degree in Business Administration from Getulio Vargas Foundation (Brazil), a Master Degree in Business Administration from Bradford University (UK), an MSc Degree in Computer Science from Federal University of Minas Gerais (Brazil), and a BSc Degree in Electrical Engineering from Catholic University (Brazil). He has also conducted postdoctoral research at HEC Montreal (Canada) in the area of electronic government.
Guy Berger
Director for Strategies and Policies, UNESCO Communication and Information Sector
Guy Berger is the Director for Policies and Strategies regarding Communication and Information at UNESCO, and one of the agency’s lead officials on the subject of disinformation. Prior to this post, he was UNESCO's Director for Freedom of Expression and Media Development, where he was responsible for the Organization’s global work on press freedom, the safety of journalists, internet freedom, media pluralism and independence, gender and media, media, and information literacy, and journalism education. Before joining UNESCO, he headed the School of Journalism and Media Studies at Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa. He has also worked in both press and television and had a long-running column on The Mail & Guardian website.
|
||||
7733
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 6
|
https://www.doradolist.com/blog/famous-mit-graduates/
|
en
|
Famous MIT Graduates
|
[
"https://www.doradolist.com/images/logo.png",
"https://www.doradolist.com/images/client/client-1.png",
"https://www.doradolist.com/images/blog/blog-post-2.jpg",
"https://www.doradolist.com/images/blog/Buzz-Aldrin.webp",
"https://www.doradolist.com/images/blog/Kofi-Annan.webp",
"https://www.doradolist.com/images/blog/Ben-Bernanke.webp",
"https://www.doradolist.com/images/blog/Robin-Chase.webp",
"https://www.doradolist.com/images/blog/Richard-Feynman.webp",
"https://www.doradolist.com/images/blog/Bill-Hewlett.webp",
"https://www.doradolist.com/images/blog/Drew-Houston.webp",
"https://www.doradolist.com/images/blog/Shirley-Ann-Jackson.webp",
"https://www.doradolist.com/images/blog/Michael-Massimino.webp",
"https://www.doradolist.com/images/blog/Jonah-Peretti.webp",
"https://www.doradolist.com/images/logo.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
List of Famous MIT Graduates
|
en
|
images/favicon.png
| null |
As we have shown on the top universities ranking page MIT has been consistently among the best technical universities in the world. So it is expected that such a prestigious university produces famous and high impact graduates. Here we look at the name of some of these famous graduates.
Buzz Aldrin
Buzz Aldrin (born Edwin Eugene Aldrin Jr.; January 20, 1930) is an American engineer and former astronaut. As the Lunar Module Pilot on Apollo 11, he was one of the first two humans to land on the Moon, and the second person to walk on it. He set foot on the Moon at 03:15:16 on July 21, 1969 (UTC), following mission commander Neil Armstrong. He is a former U.S. Air Force officer with the Command Pilot rating. He also went into orbit on the Gemini 12 mission, finally achieving the goals for EVA (space-walk work) that paved the way to the Moon and success for the Gemini program; he spent over five hours on EVA on that mission.
After graduating from Montclair High School in 1947, Aldrin turned down a full scholarship offer from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (which he would later attend for graduate school), and went to the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York. The nickname “Buzz” originated in childhood: the younger of his two elder sisters mispronounced “brother” as “buzzer”, and this was shortened to Buzz. Aldrin made it his legal first name in 1988.
Aldrin is on the National Space Society’s Board of Governors, and has served as the organization’s Chairman; an inductee of the U.S. Astronaut Hall of Fame, National Aviation Hall of Fameand the International Space Hall of Fame; and a member of The Planetary Society, with Aldrin’s pre-recorded voice appearing on nearly every episode of the Society’s Planetary Radio.
Awards:
Civilian awards and decorations include the Robert J. Collier Trophy, the Dr. Robert H. Goddard Memorial Trophy, and the Harmon Trophy.
Recipients of the Langley Gold Medal from the Smithsonian Institution in 1999.
The crater Aldrin on the Moon near the Apollo 11 landing site and Asteroid 6470 Aldrin are named in his honor.
Received an Honorary Doctorate of Science from Gustavus Adolphus College in 1967.
Inducted into the Scandinavian-American Hall of Fame, a signature event of Norsk Høstfest in1985.
Honored on a United States postage stamp in 1994. The 29¢ stamp, commemorating the silver anniversary of the landing, was based on a famous photograph of Aldrin, captured by Neil Armstrong, in which Aldrin’s face is obscured by his reflective visor. Postal rules at the time prohibited directly featuring living persons on stamps.
Appointed to the Commission on the Future of the United States Aerospace Industry by President Bush in 2001.
Received the 2003 Humanitarian Award from Variety, the Children’s Charity, which, according to the organization, “is given to an individual who has shown unusual understanding, empathy, and devotion to mankind.
The Space Foundation awarded Aldrin its highest honor, the General James E. Hill Lifetime Space Achievement Award in 2006.
Honored with Hollywood Walk of Fame.
Inducted into the New Jersey Hall of Fame in 2008.
President Obama signed legislation conferring the Congressional Gold Medal upon Aldrin and his Apollo 11 crewmates, Neil Armstrong and Michael Collins in 2009.
In a 2010 Space Foundation survey, Aldrin was ranked as the No. 9 (tied with astronauts Gus Grissom and Alan Shepard) most popular space hero.
Nominated for Best Cameo at the 2011 Scream Awards for his role playing himself in Transformers: Dark of the Moon.
Named as the Chancellor of the International Space University in 2015.
Aldrin’s hometown middle school in Montclair, New Jersey was renamed the Buzz Aldrin Middle School in 2016.
Kofi Annan
Kofi Atta Annan (born 8 April 1938) is a Ghanaian diplomat who served as the seventh Secretary-General of the United Nations from January 1997 to December 2006. Annan and the UN were the co-recipients of the 2001 Nobel Peace Prize. He is the founder and chairman of the Kofi Annan Foundation, as well as chairman of The Elders, an international organization founded by Nelson Mandela. Annan studied at the MIT Sloan School of Management (1971–72) in the Sloan Fellows program and earned a master’s degree in management.
Here are some of his awards:
2000: Kora All Africa Music Awards in the category of Lifetime Achievement
2001: Nobel Foundation, The Nobel Peace Prize, jointly presented to Kofi Annan and the United Nations
2002: winner of the “Profiles in Courage Award”, given by the JFK Memorial Museum
2002: The American Whig-Cliosophic Society James Madison Award for Distinguished Public Service
2003: Foreign Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
2003: Freedom Prize of the Max Schmidheiny Foundation at the University of St. Gallen
2004: Freedom medal
2006: International World Order of Culture, Science and Education, Award of the European Academy of Informatization, Belgium
2006: Inter Press Service, International Achievement Award for Annan’s lasting contributions to peace, security, and development
2006: Olof Palme Prize
2007: Wooden Crossbow, special award from the Swiss World Economic Forum
2007: People in Europe Award of Verlagsgruppe Passau
2007: MacArthur Foundation, MacArthur Award for International Justice
2007: North-South Prize of the Council of Europe
2008: Peace of Westphalia Prize
2008: Harvard University Honors Prize
2008: Gottlieb Duttweiler Prize
2008: Peace of Westphalia Prize – Münster (Westfalen)
2008: Open Society Award – CEU Business School Budapest
2011: Gothenburg Award
2012: Confucius Peace Prize
Ben Bernanke
Ben Shalom Bernanke (born December 13, 1953) is an American economist at the Brookings Institution who served two terms as Chairman of the Federal Reserve, the central bank of the United States, from 2006 to 2014. During his tenure as chairman, Bernanke oversaw the Federal Reserve’s response to the late-2000s financial crisis. Before becoming Federal Reserve chairman, Bernanke was a tenured professor at Princeton University and chaired the department of economics there from 1996 to September 2002, when he went on public service leave.
From August 5, 2002 until June 21, 2005, he was a member of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, proposed the Bernanke Doctrine, and first discussed “the Great Moderation” — the theory that traditional business cycles have declined in volatility in recent decades through structural changes that have occurred in the international economy, particularly increases in the economic stability of developing nations, diminishing the influence of macroeconomic (monetary and fiscal) policy.
Bernanke then served as chairman of President George W. Bush’s Council of Economic Advisers before President Bush nominated him to succeed Alan Greenspan as chairman of the United States Federal Reserve. His first term began February 1, 2006. Bernanke was confirmed for a second term as chairman on January 28, 2010, after being renominated by President Barack Obama, who later referred to him as “the epitome of calm.” His second term ended February 1, 2014, when he was succeeded by Janet Yellen.
Bernanke wrote about his time as chairman of the Federal Reserve in his 2015 book, The Courage to Act, in which he revealed that the world’s economy came close to collapse in 2007 and 2008. Bernanke asserts that it was only the novel efforts of the Fed (cooperating with other agencies and agencies of foreign governments) that prevented an economic catastrophe greater than the Great Depression.
Bernanke was educated at East Elementary, J.V. Martin Junior High, and Dillon High School, where he was class valedictorian and played saxophone in the marching band. Since Dillon High School did not offer calculus at the time, Bernanke taught it to himself. Bernanke scored 1590 out of 1600 on the SAT and was a National Merit Scholar.
Bernanke attended Harvard University, where he lived in Winthrop House, as did the future CEO of Goldman Sachs, Lloyd Blankfein, and graduated with an A.B. degree, and later with an A.M. in economics summa cum laude in 1975. He received a Ph.D. degree in Economics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1979 after completing and defending his dissertation, Long-Term Commitments, Dynamic Optimization, and the Business Cycle. Bernanke’s thesis adviser was the future governor of the Bank of Israel, Stanley Fischer, and his readers included Irwin S. Bernstein, Rüdiger Dornbusch, Robert Solow, and Peter Diamond of MIT and Dale Jorgenson of Harvard.
Some of his awards:
Fellow of the Econometric Society (1997)
Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (2001)
Order of the Palmetto (2006)
Distinguished Leadership in Government Award, Columbia Business School (2008)
In 2009, the South Carolina Department of Transportation (SCDOT) Commission approved a resolution on February 21 to name Exit 190 along Interstate Highway 95 in Dillon County the Ben Bernanke Interchange.
In 2009, he was named the TIME magazine person of the year.
Robin Chase
Robin Chase is a transportation entrepreneur. She is co-founder and former CEO of Zipcar. She is also the founder and former CEO of Buzzcar, a peer-to-peer car sharing service, acquired by Drivy. She also started the defunct GoLoco.org, a ride-sharing company. She is co-founder and Executive Chairman of Veniam, a vehicle network communications company. She authored the book, Peers Inc: How People and Platforms are Inventing the Collaborative Economy and Reinventing Capitalism. Chase is currently a Board member for the World Resources Institute, and the Nasdaq listed Tucows Inc.
Chase spent her childhood in the Middle East and graduated from Waterford Kamhlaba United World College of Southern Africa, Wellesley College (B.A.), and the MIT Sloan School of Management (M.B.A.), and won a Loeb Fellowship at the Harvard Graduate School of Design.
Awards:
Time’s 100 Most Influential People in 2009
Massachusetts Governor’s Award for Entrepreneurial Spirit
Start-up Woman of the Year
Business Week’s top 10 designers
Fast Company’s Fast 50 Champions of Innovation
Technology and innovation awards from Fortune, CIO
InfoWorld magazines
Richard Phillips Feynman
Richard Phillips Feynman (May 11, 1918 – February 15, 1988) was an American theoretical physicist known for his work in the path integral formulation of quantum mechanics, the theory of quantum electrodynamics, and the physics of the superfluidity of supercooled liquid helium, as well as in particle physics for which he proposed the parton model. For his contributions to the development of quantum electrodynamics, Feynman, jointly with Julian Schwinger and Shin’ichirō Tomonaga, received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1965.
Feynman developed a widely used pictorial representation scheme for the mathematical expressions governing the behavior of subatomic particles, which later became known as Feynman diagrams. During his lifetime, Feynman became one of the best-known scientists in the world. In a 1999 poll of 130 leading physicists worldwide by the British journal Physics World he was ranked as one of the ten greatest physicists of all time.
He assisted in the development of the atomic bomb during World War II and became known to a wide public in the 1980s as a member of the Rogers Commission, the panel that investigated the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster. Along with his work in theoretical physics, Feynman has been credited with pioneering the field of quantum computing and introducing the concept of nanotechnology. He held the Richard C. Tolmanprofessorship in theoretical physics at the California Institute of Technology.
Feynman was a keen popularizer of physics through both books and lectures, including a 1959 talk on top-down nanotechnology called There’s Plenty of Room at the Bottom, and the three-volume publication of his undergraduate lectures, The Feynman Lectures on Physics. Feynman also became known through his semi-autobiographical books Surely You’re Joking, Mr. Feynman! and What Do You Care What Other People Think? and books written about him, such as Tuva or Bust! and Genius: The Life and Science of Richard Feynman by James Gleick.
Awards:
Albert Einstein Award (1954)
E. O. Lawrence Award (1962)
Nobel Prize in Physics (1965)
Fellow of the Royal Society (1965)
Oersted Medal (1972)
National Medal of Science (1979)
Bill Hewlett
William “Bill” Redington Hewlett (May 20, 1913 – January 12, 2001) was an American engineer and the co-founder, with David Packard, of the Hewlett-Packard Company (HP). He received his Bachelor’s degree from Stanford University in 1934, a Master of Science degree in electrical engineering from MIT in 1936, and the degree of Electrical Engineer from Stanford in 1939. Bill was president of HP from 1964 to 1977, and served as CEO from 1968 to 1978, when he was succeeded by John A. Young. He remained chairman of the executive committee until 1983, and then served as vice chairman of the board until 1987.
Here are some of his awards:
1972: IEEE Founders Medal
1975: Vermilye Medal
1983: National Medal of Science
1992: National Inventors Hall of Fame
1995: Lemelson-MIT Prize Lifetime Achievement Award
1997: The 3rd Annual Heinz Award Chairman’s Medal (with David Packard)
2011 Entrepreneur Walk of Fame
Drew Houston
Andrew W. “Drew” Houston is an American Internet entrepreneur who is best known for being the founder and CEO of Dropbox, an online backup and storage service.
Drew was born in Acton, Massachusetts in 1983. His father, who was a Harvard University graduate, bought Drew his first computer which he used to learn BASIC Programming. Drew attended Acton-Boxborough Regional High School in the 1990s. He later graduated with a degree in Computer Science from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where he was a member of the Phi Delta Theta fraternity. It was there that he met Arash Ferdowsi who would later go on to be co-founder and CTO of Dropbox.
Drew Houston was named one of the most promising players aged 30 and under by Business Week, and Dropbox has been touted as Y Combinator’s most successful investment to date. Drew was also named among the top 30 under-30 entrepreneurs by inc.com, and Dropbox has been called one of the 20 best startups of Silicon Valley.
In June 2013, MIT invited Houston to serve as speaker at its annual commencement ceremonies. In his remarks, Houston gave this advice: “They say that you’re the average of the five people you spend the most time with. Think about that for a minute: who would be in your circle of five? I have some good news: MIT is one of the best places in the world to start building that circle. If I hadn’t come here, I wouldn’t have met Adam, I wouldn’t have met my amazing cofounder, Arash, and there would be no Dropbox. One thing I’ve learned is surrounding yourself with inspiring people is now just as important as being talented or working hard. Can you imagine if Michael Jordan hadn’t been in the NBA, if his circle of five had been a bunch of guys in Italy? Your circle pushes you to be better, just as Adam pushed me.”
Shirley Ann Jackson
Shirley Ann Jackson (born August 5, 1946) is an American physicist, and the eighteenth president of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. She is the first African-American woman to have earned a doctorate at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). She is also the second African American woman in the United States to earn a doctorate in physics. She has also received many honorary doctorate degrees. In 1985, Governor Thomas Kean appointed her to the New Jersey Commission on Science and Technology. She is an active voice in numerous committees of the National Academy of Sciences, the American Association for the Advancement of Science(AAAS), and the National Science Foundation.
In 2004, she became president of the American Association for the Advancement of Science and chaired the AAAS board in 2005. In 2008 she became the University Vice Chairman of the U.S. Council on Competitiveness, a non-for profit group based in Washington, D.C.. In 2009, President Barack Obama appointed Jackson to serve on the President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology, a 20-member advisory group dedicated to public policy.
Honors and distinctions:
Martin Marietta Aircraft Company Scholarship and Fellowship
Prince Hall Masons Scholarship
National Science Foundation Traineeship
Ford Foundation Advanced Study Fellowship
recipient of the National Medal of Science
CIBA-GEIGY Exceptional Black Scientist Award
Richtmyer Memorial Award
Outstanding Young Women of America
National Women’s Hall of fame
Vannevar Bush Award for “a lifetime of achievements in scientific research, education and senior statesman-like contributions to public policy”
International Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering (FREng)
Candace Award for Technology from the National Coalition of 100 Black Women
Michael James Massimino
Michael James Massimino was born August 19, 1962 in Oceanside, New York. He is a professor of mechanical engineering at Columbia University and a former NASA astronaut. He is the senior advisor of space programs at the Intrepid Sea, Air & Space Museum.
He attended Columbia University, graduating with a Bachelor of Science degree in Industrial Engineering in 1984. He then attended the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, graduating with a Master of Science degree in Mechanical Engineering and a Master of Science degree in Technology and Public Policy in 1988. He continued his education at MIT, earning a Degree of Mechanical Engineer in 1990 and a Doctor of Philosophy degree in Mechanical Engineering in 1992.
Selected as an astronaut candidate by NASA in May 1996, Massimino reported to the Johnson Space Center in August 1996. He completed two years of initial training and evaluation and qualified for flight assignment as a mission specialist. Prior to his first space flight assignment, Massimino served in the Astronaut Office Robotics Branch, and in the Astronaut Office Extravehicular Activity (EVA) Branch. He has served as a CAPCOM (spacecraft communicator) in Mission Control and performed other technical tasks in the Astronaut Office CAPCOM Branch. Currently he is on loan from the Johnson Space Center and serves as a visiting professor at Columbia University teaching a course on human spaceflight. On July 29, 2014, Massimino announced that he would be leaving NASA to pursue a teaching career at Columbia University, in New York City.
Jonah Peretti
Jonah Peretti (born January 1, 1974) is an American Internet entrepreneur, a co-founder of BuzzFeed and The Huffington Post, and developer of reblogging under the project “Reblog”.
Peretti grew up in Oakland, California. He attended the University of California, Santa Cruz, where he graduated with a degree in environmental studies in 1996. He taught computer science classes at Isidore Newman School in New Orleans, Louisiana in the mid-1990s. He completed a postgrad at the MIT Media Lab. While there, he became known for an email exchange with Nike over a request to print “sweatshop” on custom order shoes that went viral. He left The Huffington Post in 2011 after it was bought by AOL for $315 million.
|
|||||
7733
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 50
|
https://www.edwards.af.mil/News/Article/2537154/air-force-leader-reflects-on-his-time-at-mit/
|
en
|
Air Force leader reflects on his time at MIT
|
[
"https://www.edwards.af.mil/Portals/50/Blue_AF_Symbol.png?ver=NnrQbX0VNktX3n6avcDVTA%3d%3d",
"https://media.defense.gov/2021/Mar/14/2002600625/2000/2000/0/210314-F-F3456-2005.JPG",
"https://media.defense.gov/2021/Mar/14/2002600626/2000/2000/0/210314-F-F3456-2001.JPG",
"https://media.defense.gov/2021/Mar/14/2002600627/2000/2000/0/210314-F-F3456-2003.JPG",
"https://media.defense.gov/2021/Mar/14/2002600628/2000/2000/0/210314-F-F3456-2002.JPG"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] |
2021-03-14T00:00:00
|
WRIGHT-PATTERSON AIR FORCE BASE, Ohio – Uprooting from Dayton, Ohio to spend a year as a student at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology or MIT, was an experience of a life-time for John Bailey,
|
en
|
/Portals/50/images/favicon.ico?ver=xSIUFZS5GF0vKLKUDmw8kA%3d%3d
|
Edwards Air Force Base
|
https://www.edwards.af.mil/https%3A%2F%2Fwww.afmc.af.mil%2FNews%2FArticle-Display%2FArticle%2F2537154%2Fair-force-leader-reflects-on-his-time-at-mit%2F
|
WRIGHT-PATTERSON AIR FORCE BASE, Ohio – Uprooting from Dayton, Ohio to spend a year as a student at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology or MIT, was an experience of a life-time for John Bailey, an engineer and deputy director of the Agile Development Office within the Fighters and Advanced Aircraft Directorate.
Nominated by the U.S. Air Force in 2019, Bailey was one of 103 individuals ultimately selected for the prestigious and highly competitive MIT Sloan Fellows MBA Program, class of 2020.
The origins of the fellowship program go back more than 80 years to Alfred P. Sloan an automotive and management pioneer and legendary president of General Motors.
In the 1920s Sloan had a problem. His high performing mid-level engineers at GM were not turning into good managers and leaders. Reaching out to his alma mater, MIT, Sloan helped established a program for talented engineers to develop the business and leadership skills needed to become successful company executives.
Today, the fellowship draws not only engineers but successful individuals from a variety of professions and industries from all over the world and count many distinguished alumni including former United Nations Secretary-General and Nobel Peace Prize recipient Kofi Annan.
During a recent interview, Bailey reflected on his time at MIT and the impact on his career.
Q: Tell me about your experience in the MIT Sloan Fellows MBA Program?
Bailey: It was an amazing experience. I had a lot of flexibility and was able to design a curriculum for the year. During my time in the program, I focused on enterprise leadership, artificial intelligence, and innovation. Some of the classes I took were strategic organizational design, strategic communication, and all of the core business classes; financial management, corporate finance, accounting, and micro-economics. I also had a couple of special focus areas, with analytics and artificial intelligence, and was able to write codes and scripts for deep learning algorithms and look at different business applications for them. One of my favorite projects was writing an optimization algorithm for figuring out where to place different warehouses and retail stores for a shoe company that was looking to expand in a new region.
Another focus area was entrepreneurship. That ended up being a lot of fun. Having the opportunity to create your own business and building a business strategy, business plan and speaking to potential investors and getting them to buy in or not on your idea and tell you what’s working or not working. It was just a fun class and really helped demystify what it would be like to start a business.
Q: What did class assignments look like?
Bailey: Just about everything was group work, and they [MIT] really prioritized collaboration in diverse teams. I remember my first week, one of the professors said that great creativity comes out of conflict and collaboration and that one of the key skills he wanted everyone to leave with was the ability to construct and resolve conflict with people from different backgrounds, experiences, perspectives, providing their unique insight to what the solution should be. So every setting was a team setting and every setting was with someone from a different background. I would say that of all the things about the program that I love, this was perhaps the most unique and special.
Q: How has your experience at MIT helped you in your current job?
Bailey: I currently work in the Agile Development Office, which is pioneering digital acquisition and how the Air Force can modernize the way we buy aircraft. Having the opportunity to take a year and detach from my role with the Air Force, and reflect on how I worked then and what my leadership values are, has made me more open minded towards new ideas, and new ways of doing business.
I also learned a lot about artificial intelligence and data analytics. As we studied the state of the world, the state of business, the trajectory that all of this is moving, it gave me convictions that we [Air Force] need to digitize. The Air Force has to modernize and move towards software defined capabilities to become a leader in analytics and artificial intelligence, because that’s what will accelerate decision making. So much of winning wars comes down to the speed of making decisions.
Q: How was the move or transition from Dayton to Massachusetts?
Bailey: The kids [four girls], wife and I had some trepidation leaving our home here in Dayton, but there was also a lot of excitement. Of course it was a big transition for the kids. My oldest daughter was in eighth grade, and switching junior high schools was a big challenge. But they [kids] got to experience much more diversity in their classes and curriculum that will make them better, more open minded people. They flourished socially and academically, and I’m very proud of how well they did.
A big part of our year was the transition to remote learning. That was significant part of our experience. We basically went from an experience that was very outdoors, that was surrounded by lots of people, experiencing new things, new locations, to being locked into our rental house in a place very far from our home. That required a lot of adaptation for us, like everyone. But overall, we had a positive experience.
Q: What’s next for you?
Bailey: I started working my current job back in June of 2020, three days after graduating from the MIT Program. I’ve been working on some challenging and new programs for the Air Force, including Next-Generation Air Dominance and Skyborg. I know I want to keep serving, and I’m passionate about our mission, modernizing Air Force systems and the way we do business. Right now, I’m in a spot where I’m using every bit of what I learned both in my previous jobs and year at MIT.
|
||||
7733
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 13
|
https://www.jfklibrary.org/events-and-awards/profile-in-courage-award/award-recipients/kofi-annan-2002
|
en
|
Kofi Annan
|
https://www.jfklibrary.org/themes/custom/jfkl/favicon.ico
|
https://www.jfklibrary.org/themes/custom/jfkl/favicon.ico
|
[
"https://www.jfklibrary.org/themes/custom/jfkl/images/logo-reverse.svg",
"https://www.jfklibrary.org/themes/custom/jfkl/images/logo-national-archives.svg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
U.N. Secretary-General Kofi Annan was honored for his political courage and diplomatic integrity amid controversy and conflict that has redefined the role of the United Nations worldwide. This award recognized his ongoing efforts in building a world response to combat international terrorism, negotiating peaceful resolutions in volatile global and regional conflicts, and organizing a global AIDS campaign that pushed nations toward hard-fought reforms to battle the epidemic.
|
en
|
/themes/custom/jfkl/favicon.ico
|
John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum
|
https://www.jfklibrary.org/events-and-awards/profile-in-courage-award/award-recipients/kofi-annan-2002
|
U.N. Secretary-General Kofi Annan Receives Profile in Courage Award
Former Illinois Mayor Dean Koldenhoven also Honored by JFK Library
Special Profile in Courage Award Honors Public Servants Responding to 9/11
Boston, MA, May 6, 2002 – United Nations Secretary-General Kofi Annan, who has allowed neither controversy nor criticism to deter him from his commitment to shaping a world response to international terrorism, negotiating peaceful settlements to international and regional conflicts, and organizing an international campaign to combat the global AIDS epidemic, was presented the 2002 John F. Kennedy Profile in Courage Award at a ceremony today at the John F. Kennedy Library and Museum in Boston.
Joining Secretary-General Annan on the stage was Dean Koldenhoven, the one-term mayor of Palos Heights, Illinois, who was also awarded the 2002 John F. Kennedy Profile in Courage Award for speaking out against bigotry and religious intolerance toward an Islamic community that had hoped to convert a local church into a mosque.
A special and unprecedented Profile in Courage Award for Public Service was awarded to the thousands of selfless public servants who demonstrated extraordinary courage and heroism in response to the tragic events of September 11. Several representatives of America’s public servants were present at the Kennedy Library to accept the award on behalf of their colleagues.
Honoring this year’s recipients were Caroline Kennedy, president of the John F. Kennedy Library Foundation, and Senator Edward Kennedy (D-MA).
The John F. Kennedy Profile in Courage Award is presented annually to an elected official who has withstood strong opposition from constituents, powerful interest groups or adversaries to follow what he or she believes is the right course of action. The award is named for President Kennedy's 1957 Pulitzer Prize-winning book, Profiles in Courage, which recounts the stories of eight U.S. senators who risked their careers to fight for what they believed in. This year's award was the 13th Profile in Courage Award.
Created by the Kennedy Library Foundation in 1989 to honor President Kennedy’s commitment and contribution to public service, the award is presented on or near May 29, in celebration of President Kennedy's birthday. Described by one recipient as the “Nobel in Government,” the Profile in Courage Award is accompanied by a sterling silver lantern representing a beacon of hope. The lantern was designed by Edwin Schlossberg, Inc. and crafted by Tiffany & Co.
“President Kennedy felt his greatest admiration for those in politics who had the courage to make decisions of conscience without fear of the consequences,” said Caroline Kennedy. “It is this unique kind of courage for which we honor Secretary-General Kofi Annan and Dean Koldenhoven.
“The events of September 11 have forever changed the way most Americans see their elected officials and public servants,” Kennedy continued. “We have all heard of thousands of individual acts of extraordinary courage and selfless public service. These have given new meaning to the words ‘ask what you can do for your country,’ and ennobled us all.”
In selecting a recipient, the Profile in Courage Award Committee considers elected officials who have demonstrated the kind of political courage described by John F. Kennedy in Profiles in Courage. In his Pulitzer Prize-winning book, Kennedy wrote:
“The true democracy, living and growing and inspiring, puts its faith in the people – faith that the people will not simply elect men who will represent their views ably and faithfully, but also elect men who will exercise their conscientious judgment – faith that the people will not condemn those whose devotion to principle leads them to unpopular courses, but will reward courage, respect honor and ultimately recognize right.”
U.N. Secretary-General Kofi Annan, former Mayor Dean Koldenhoven, and America’s public servants were chosen as recipients of the John F. Kennedy Library Foundation’s prestigious award for political courage and public service by the eleven-member Profile in Courage Award Committee chaired by John Seigenthaler, founder of the First Amendment Center. Committee members are David Burke, former president of CBS News; Thad Cochran, U.S. senator from Mississippi; Marian Wright Edelman, president of the Children's Defense Fund; Antonia Hernandez, president of the Mexican American Legal Defense and Education Fund; Elaine Jones, director-counsel of the NAACP Legal Defense and Education Fund; Caroline Kennedy, president of the John F. Kennedy Library Foundation; Edward M. Kennedy, U.S. senator from Massachusetts; Paul G. Kirk, Jr., chairman of the board of directors of the John F. Kennedy Library Foundation; David McCullough, presidential historian and Pulitzer Prize-winning author; and Olympia Snowe, U.S. senator from Maine. John Shattuck, chief executive officer of the Kennedy Library Foundation, staffs the Committee. Mr. Shattuck is former U.S. Assistant Secretary of State for democracy, human rights and labor and former U.S. ambassador to the Czech Republic.
United Nations Secretary-General Kofi Annan
Kofi Annan is the U.N.’s seventh secretary-general, and the first to be elected from the ranks of United Nations staff. Born on April 8, 1938, in Kumasi, Ghana, he became U.N. Secretary-General on January 1, 1997. On June 29, 2001, acting on a recommendation by the Security Council, the General Assembly appointed him by acclamation to a second term of office, beginning January 1, 2002, and ending on December 31, 2006.
Following the attacks on the United States on September 11, 2001, that brought nations to war and created an extremely volatile global political landscape, Kofi Annan led the United Nations in bringing together diverse countries and political forces to combat terrorism, rebuild a nation and broker peace internationally. In doing so, he risked his standing with world leaders and demonstrated great political courage, diplomatic skill and organizational expertise. He overcame resistance by the U.S. to a U.N. role in Afghanistan and forged the first broad international consensus and strategy to address both the effects and root causes of terrorism.
Without Annan’s courageous and skillful leadership of the world organization during this time of grave crisis, U.S. efforts to respond to terrorism could have been severely undercut by U.N.- member states.
Kofi Annan is also a courageous peacemaker. He has confronted aggressors and cajoled world powers in his tireless efforts to advance the cause of peace and end the world’s most brutal conflicts in the Balkans, Central Africa, East Timor, Burundi, Sierra Leone and other war-torn places.
In addition, Annan has been courageous in his leadership of the world organization on human rights, conflict prevention and U.N. reform. He has challenged member states to live up to international standards. Notably, he took responsibility for international peacekeeping failures in Bosnia and Rwanda in order to assure those failures not be repeated.
At the risk of agitating member nations, Secretary-General Annan has also made it his personal priority to form a global alliance to combat the HIV/AIDS epidemic. At a time when estimates bring the number of infected to as high as 40 million worldwide, Annan has challenged governments, the private sector and other non-government organizations to join forces in the battle against this global disease. By calling for a global campaign against AIDS, and specifically pressing the major members of the U.N. to make contributions far beyond what they were contemplating, Annan put his leadership on the line with member nations.
Annan joined the United Nations system in 1962 as an administrative and budget officer with the World Health Organization in Geneva. In subsequent positions he served around the world, including assignments in Ethiopia, Egypt, Switzerland, Bosnia, Herzegovina and New York. He first gained international attention during the Persian Gulf War when he negotiated the release of more than 900 U.N. staff in Iraq.
Annan’s father was a provincial governor in Ghana and a Fante tribal chief. Annan studied at Kumasi’s University of Science and Technology and completed his undergraduate work in Economics at Macalaster College in St. Paul, Minnesota, in 1961. He continued his studies in Switzerland and, later, as a Sloan Fellow 1971-1972, received a master’s in Management from M.I.T. He is married to Nane Lagergren, a Swedish-born artist and lawyer.
Dean Koldenhoven, Mayor of Palos Heights, Illinois (1997 to 2001)
Also honored with the 2002 John F. Kennedy Profile in Courage Award is Dean Koldenhoven, the one-term Mayor of Palos Heights, Illinois, who condemned religious intolerance toward an Islamic community that had hoped to convert a local and vacant Christian church into a mosque.
In May 2000, plans to open a mosque in the Chicago suburb of Palos Heights, Illinois, upset many residents. Some city council members even considered derailing the plan by condemning the property the mosque wanted to purchase. In response to the racially tinged comments of people opposed to the mosque moving into the building, Mayor Koldenhoven said, “It hurts me. Here we are, coming up on Memorial Day. People fought and died for these freedoms; we talk about these freedoms. But then some people decide they’re not freedoms for everyone.”
As the sale progressed and the Al Salam Mosque Foundation sought zoning permits, council members suddenly argued that the city needed the property for recreational purposes, even though the council had rejected the space two years earlier for being too small. Now, these council members claimed the city would indeed put the former church property, which was across the street from an existing recreational center, to use as a gymnasium.
At a council meeting, representatives of the Al Salam Mosque Foundation were subjected to insensitive questioning and derogatory comments from some aldermen and residents. Some council members questioned the “upside down” schedule of Muslim prayer. One resident commented that the Muslim group should “convert to Christianity” or “go back to your own countries.” Public council meetings turned into heated battles overwrought with discriminatory religious and racial discourse.
Because the property was already under contract, the alderwoman in whose district the former church was located tried to foil the sale by condemning the church and blocking the issuance of the necessary licenses. Eventually, when her efforts failed, the council proposed a $200,000 pay-off to get the group to abandon its plans to purchase the property so that the city could buy it. A questionable act of fiscal judgment, as one reporter wrote, given that “the city budget has a balance of $400,000.” According to the city council members who voted to pay the Al Salam Mosque Foundation, the $200,000 was not a “buyout,” but was intended “to cover legal expenses.”
When the Al Salam Mosque Foundation originally accepted the $200,000 offer, it was criticized by a member of the Arab-American Anti-Discrimination Committee, who said, “Our religion is not for sale, and our racial background is not for sale.”
Although the city council voted in favor of the payment and the Al Salam Mosque Foundation ultimately accepted it, Mayor Koldenhoven vetoed the offer in July 2000, calling it an “embarrassment” and “insult” to the Muslim community. “Government has no place in this issue,” he stated as he blocked the buyout plan. “I can understand a fear of heights and a fear of flying. But when it is a fear of a person, they need to get over it.”
His vociferous opposition to the city council’s actions drew national attention resulting in a public backlash against the middle class community. One editorial headline read: “Palos Heights Disgraces Itself.” Ultimately, the Al Salam Mosque Foundation abandoned its plans to move to Palos Heights, citing apprehensions about relocating the mosque to a community where it was not wanted. In November 2000, the Palo Heights residents voted against purchasing the church property.
In what many believe was the result of his decision of conscience to do what he thought was right for the community, Koldenhoven was defeated in his bid for reelection on April 3, 2001.
Before he was elected mayor of Palos Heights, Illinois in April, 1997, Koldenhoven had served as a Republican precinct captain, a member of the Zoning Board of Appeals and zoning commissioner. A member of Local 21 Bricklayers since May 1954, Koldenhoven currently is employed as a brick salesman for Tri-State Brick Company.
He is married to Ruth Koldenhoven and has four children and ten grandchildren.
Public Servants of America
A special and unprecedented John F. Kennedy Profile in Courage Award for Public Service was also awarded today to the thousands of selfless public servants who demonstrated extraordinary courage and heroism in response to the tragic events of September 11. In defining public servants, the Profile in Courage Award Committee included all private citizens who, at a time of grave challenge to their country, acted courageously to save the lives of others.
“The heartbreaking events of September 11 brought to our families, to our communities, and to our nation overwhelming loss,” said Caroline Kennedy, in presenting the special award. “But in those terrible moments thousands of ordinary men and women put their own lives on the line in order that others might be spared, making real the face of courage and inspiring a new generation to want to serve others.
“The extraordinary bravery of our public servants – firefighters, police, medical teams, and our elected officials – saved thousands of lives,” Kennedy continued. “These men and women put their lives on the line, as they do every day, and a new generation recognized that there are no greater heroes than those who serve others. We honor too all those civilians who demonstrated the most extraordinary bravery in New York, at the Pentagon, and in the sky. They became public servants in the very best sense of the word, saving each other, protecting the rest of us, and giving their lives for their country.
“They have been joined by the men and women of our armed forces who make courage their career, who face danger half-way around the world because they believe freedom is worth dying to defend,” said Kennedy.
During the ceremony, Caroline Kennedy presented the sterling silver lantern representing a beacon of hope to four individuals invited by the Kennedy Library Foundation to represent all of America’s public servants.
“These four representatives do not consider themselves heroes,” Kennedy said. “But, they, as representatives of the thousands of public servants and civilians who pulled together on September 11, have changed the way we all think of public service. And, for this, we are all grateful.”
Those accepting the Profile in Courage Award’s silver lantern on behalf of all American public servants were New York Police Department (NYPD) Officer Michael Gerbasi; Chief Brian O’Flaherty of the Fire Department of New York (FDNY); U.S. Army Lieutenant Colonel Marilyn Wills; and Firefighter John (Jack) Dewan from the Brookline Fire Department.
New York Police Department Officer Michael Gerbasi was a member of the NYPD a little more than three years when his Manhattan Precinct 1 Police Department rushed to the scene of the World Trade Center twin towers. While working to save others, Officer Gerbasi suffered a severe injury, nearly losing his arm. After his recovery, Officer Gerbasi did not hesitate to return to the New York Police Department where he continues to serve.
Chief Brian O’Flaherty has been a public servant for nearly four decades working for the Fire Department of New York (FDNY). On September 11, he and his Engine 54, 9th Battalion team responded to the scene along with two other chiefs who were not on duty that day. Chief O’Flaherty and his comrades were in the ground floor of the South Tower when it collapsed upon them. They struggled to get the civilians and others around them out trying to reach the North Tower command post. Chief O’Flaherty’s shoulders were crushed, and his comrades, Chiefs Lawrence Stack and Raymond Downey, helped him toward an opening to escape the collapsed tower. Chief O’Flaherty made it through just as the second tower collapsed. Tragically, his selfless colleagues, Chiefs Stack and Downey, lost their lives.
U.S. Army Lieutenant Colonel Marilyn Wills was presented both the Soldiers’ Medal and the Purple Heart for her heroism above and beyond the call of duty on September 11. After a hijacked airline with 300,000 pounds of jet fuel was used by international terrorists as a weapon to attack the Pentagon, military and civilian personnel alike were left in a state of shock. Without regard for her own life, Lt. Col. Wills aided in the rescue effort by leading a group that was trapped in an inner conference room through the smoke and falling debris to a window. Once there, she helped to lower all individuals out of the second story window and then risked her life by remaining at the window. She used her voice to direct more casualties to the escape route before being ordered to evacuate.
Firefighter John (Jack) Dewan from the Brookline Fire Department is part of a family that has served the city of Boston through its fire and police departments since 1900. His grandfather, father, two uncles, and two brothers have all served the public in this capacity of public safety. His brother, Gerard, was the first and only family member to move from the Boston area to join the New York Fire Department more than five years ago. Gerard Dewan was a member of Ladder 3 of the FDNY. On September 11, Ladder 3 responded to the scene with ten men – two officers and eight firemen. All ten were killed in the North Tower. He is grateful for the Library's tribute to his brother and to all of America’s public servants.
Past Profile in Courage Award Recipients
Last year’s recipient was former U.S. President Gerald Ford, who presided over the country’s recovery from what he called “our long national nightmare” and who made a controversial decision of conscience to pardon former President Richard M. Nixon. Legendary civil rights leader and U.S. Congressman John Lewis (D-GA) received an unprecedented special Profile in Courage Award for Lifetime Achievement in recognition of a career marked by extraordinary courage, leadership, and commitment to universal human rights. The presentation of a Profile in Courage Award for Lifetime Achievement was unprecedented.
Past recipients of the John F. Kennedy Profile in Courage Award are former U.S. Congressman Carl Elliott, Sr. of Alabama; former U.S. Congressman Charles Weltner of Georgia; former Governor of Connecticut Lowell Weicker, Jr.; former Governor of New Jersey James Florio; U.S. Congressman Henry Gonzalez of Texas; former U.S. Congressman Michael Synar of Oklahoma; former Calhoun County, Georgia School Superintendent Corkin Cherubini; Circuit Court Judge of Montgomery County, Alabama Charles Price; Garfield County, Montana Attorney Nickolas Murnion; co-recipients U.S. Senators John McCain of Arizona and Russell Feingold of Wisconsin; and California State Senator Hilda Solis.
In December 1998, a special John F. Kennedy Profile in Courage Award was presented to the Irish Peacemakers – eight political leaders of Northern Ireland [John Hume, David Trimble, Gerry Adams, John Alderdice, David Ervine, Monica McWilliams, Gary McMichael, and Malachi Curran] and former U.S. Senator George Mitchell, the American chairman of the peace talks – in recognition of the extraordinary political courage they demonstrated in negotiating the historic Good Friday Peace Agreement. The presentation of the Profile in Courage Award to a non-American was unprecedented.
The John F. Kennedy Library and Museum is a presidential library administered by the National Archives and Records Administration and supported, in part, by the John F. Kennedy Library Foundation, a non-profit organization. The Kennedy Library and the Kennedy Library Foundation seek to promote, through educational and community programs, a greater appreciation and understanding of American politics, history, and culture, the process of governing and the importance of public service.
For more information on the John F. Kennedy Profile in Courage Award, visit the John F. Kennedy Library and Museum web page at jfklibrary.org.
-30-
Further Information:
Tom McNaught (617) 514-1662
Ms. Kennedy, Senator Kennedy, Ambassador Shattuck, Ladies and Gentlemen,
I am deeply honoured to accept the John F. Kennedy Profile in Courage Award. It is a special privilege for me to receive an award in memory of a leader whose commitment to national progress was matched only by his passion for global justice.
John Kennedy was a man of the world in the truest, best sense of the word. He saw a world that deserved compassion, understanding and respect – a world where no people should be denied the right to determine their own fate.
I spoke last night about how Africans of my generation remember John Kennedy as an early and eloquent champion of decolonization and independence. In the four decades since his death he has only grown in stature throughout the world – representing to millions the most hopeful, the most generous, the most inspiring qualities of the United States.
Indeed, it may be said that few Presidents in this country’s history – or the world’s -- defined their times in the way John Kennedy did. His youth and vigour made it a young and vigorous age. His boldness and courage made it an adventurous age. And his belief in man’s ability to meet great challenges made it an age when anything seemed possible.
Today, perhaps the world is more modest and more fearful. If so, it is all the more in need of leaders to make us look beyond the horizon, beneath the distrust, and behind the myths; leaders who can make us see that all men and women fundamentally seek the same opportunities for peace and prosperity.
The burden of true leadership is perhaps best summed up in President Kennedy’s own admiration for those who had the courage to follow their conscience without fear, and to face the consequences.
My own continent of Africa has provided our time with perhaps the greatest example of such leadership in the figure of Nelson Mandela. Thanks to this one man, South Africa was able to make a transition -- from apartheid to coexistence, from hatred to understanding, and from pariah status to world leader -- that no one imagined possible.
Mandela’s steadfast belief in a non-racial society, his persistent refusal to avenge the past at the cost of the present, and his determination to make South Africa one nation under laws – all these showed that even in the darkest moments, if leaders put the interests of the whole people before those of any one party or group, progress and coexistence are possible.
Perhaps the greatest test of leadership comes when a leader needs to go against the passions of the day, the calls for revenge, the belief that peace is no longer possible. Such may be the case in the Middle East today.
As we meet, many Israelis and many Palestinians are in a state of despair, believing that their very existence as a people is in jeopardy. Both peoples yearn for peace and security, and both peoples overwhelmingly recognize that a political solution is needed, and yet none of them can begin to believe in such a solution as long as the violence continues.
This is when true leadership matters most – when leaders must appeal to what another great American president once called “our better angels.” They must convince their peoples that giving in to the fears and hatreds of the moment will do nothing to secure lasting peace. This is when leaders must make decisions of conscience – and choose compromise over conflict, negotiation over violence, peace over war.
These are not easy choices. But that very fact may make them all the more necessary. It is when leaders find a way to marry necessity and interest, morality and purpose, that true progress is made. That is what is required to meet the basic need of all men and women for peace, for security, for the assurance that the child they say goodbye to in the morning will still be safe when they come home in the evening.
John Kennedy believed deeply in the role of the United Nations in advancing such progress, step by step, day by day. Calling the United Nations “both the measure and the vehicle of man’s most generous impulses,” President Kennedy also knew that the work of peace is not done in one day, or one gesture. In his last address to the General Assembly of the United Nations, in September 1963, he said that “peace is a daily, a weekly, a monthly process, gradually changing opinions, slowly eroding old barriers, quietly building new structures.”
In my service as Secretary-General, I have sought to sustain this process by speaking out in favour of universal human rights and in defense of the victims of aggression or abuse, wherever they may be. I have used my office as a bridge between two or more parties, wherever I saw an opportunity to resolve disputes peacefully. And I have sought to place human beings at the centre of everything the United Nations does – from conflict prevention to development to human rights. I believe that the most courageous decisions are often those made by ordinary men and women struggling against poverty and injustice.
Let me therefore close with the words of Robert Kennedy, who stood before an audience of students in South Africa in 1966 and spoke the language of equality and liberty as few had done in that country before him.
He said: “It is from numberless diverse acts of courage and belief that human history is shaped. Each time a man stands up for an ideal, or acts to improve the lot of others, or strikes out against injustice, he sends forth a tiny ripple of hope; and, crossing each other from a million different centers of energy and daring, those ripples build a current which can sweep down the mightiest walls of oppression and resistance.” Thank you very much.
Remarks by United Nations Secretary-General Kofi Annan on receivingthe Profile in Courage Award, May 6, 2002.
Thank you John [Seigenthaler] for that very generous introduction. John is a dear friend to all the members of the Kennedy family, and a respected journalist in his own right, and it’s a privilege to be here with him today.
This year the Profile in Courage Award Committee recognized that the events of September 11th have awakened a new and deeper appreciation for the ideals of public service.
Today we honor two men who, in their quiet determined way, lived up to those ideals, despite the risks to their own positions of authority. Their example encourages people everywhere to reach for the best in themselves, and not succumb to fear and hate.
The Secretary-General of the United Nations Kofi Annan responded decisively to the tragedy of September 11th and America will be forever grateful for his courageous leadership. In the days following the terrorist attack, he helped to build international support against terrorism. His quiet work behind the scenes convinced skeptical international leaders that a strong stand must be taken for the sake of all nations.
Under his able leadership, the United Nations is now working to address the great humanitarian needs of the Afghan people and to help build an effective, representative, and strong Afghan government. For his unwavering support in the war against terrorism, all Americans salute him.
The Secretary-General has also brought to the forefront of concern the international health care crisis caused by AIDS. In Africa and throughout the developing world, he has dared to criticize the veil of secrecy behind which the deadly disease has so often been hidden. He has succeeded in focusing worldwide attention on the epidemic and has issued a global “Call to Action.” He has encouraged other nations to make an unprecedented commitment to eliminating the disease. His tireless work and personal leadership are braking down barriers and saving of many lives.
Whether it is fighting AIDS in Africa, genocide in Kosovo, or terrorism around the world, the Secretary General, has risked the wrath of world powers and many other countries to do what he believes is right. He has made the United Nations a champion of human rights and he has always worked for peace.
In his address at American University in 1963, President Kennedy said, “Genuine peace must be the product of many nations, the sum of many acts. It must be dynamic, not static, changing to meet the challenge of each new generation.” In Secretary-General Kofi Annan, we have a dynamic Profile in Courage who is meeting the challenge of this generation.
Mayor Dean Koldenhoven is another example of public service at its finest. Today we recognize him for his principled stand against religious intolerance. It cost him a second term in office, but in braving a firestorm of fear and prejudice, he left behind a magnificent legacy.
In May of 2000, local members of the Islamic community in the Chicago suburb of Palos Heights sought to purchase a vacant church and made plans to turn it into a mosque and school for members of their faith. Hearing of the plans local residents, and some members of the City Council, fought against it. The claim was made that the land was needed for a recreation center, although it had stood vacant for two years and been deemed too small for that purpose in the past. At City Council meetings, an ugly undercurrent of intolerance surfaced, as derogatory comments against Muslims were made by residents and Council members alike. Officials tried to block the licenses for the needed renovations. When that tactic failed, the Council proposed a two hundred thousand dollar payoff if the Islamic community would give up its plans for the property.
Through all the turmoil Mayor Koldenhoven was steadfast against such bigotry. He called on the best instincts in his constituents and reminded them of the fundamental rights on which this nation was built. “It hurts me,” he said at the time. “Here we are, coming up on Memorial Day. People fought and died for these freedoms; we talk about them, but then some people decide they’re not freedoms for everyone.” He vetoed the monetary payoff as an “insult” to the Muslim community. In the end, the Muslim community chose to build their Mosque elsewhere, and the Mayor was defeated for reelection.
There was a time in our own city of Boston when there were signs in the windows offering jobs, but with the warning that “No Irish Need Apply.” In 1960, many people said that a member of the Catholic faith should not be President of the United States or live in The White House. Today, when we thought my brother’s election had put so much religious prejudice to rest, we hear again the dark rumblings of some who say members of the Islamic faith cannot be good Americans and should not live and worship in our neighborhoods. Again today, we find we must struggle to rise above intolerance and remember our historic values.
Mayor Koldenhoven held firm to his principles with unwavering resolve and honored our history, his own deep faith and our Bill of Rights. This man of such fundamental decency has been a member of the bricklaying profession all his life. He has built many strong walls. But as he showed us, the dangerous walls of religious intolerance between our fellow citizens are walls that must be torn down. He is truly a Profile in Courage.
It is now my privilege to introduce Caroline, who continues to inspire all of us with her leadership here at the Library. I know her parents would be especially proud of the skillful work and dedication she brings to the Profile in Courage Award each year. This year she has added a new book to that effort, “Profiles in Courage for Our Time,” which has been edited and compiled by Caroline to tell the heroic stories of the winners of this Award since it was first established in 1989. As these stories make clear, not all of our heroes are in the distant past. She will speak about our most current heroes – the men and women who made such extraordinary sacrifices in our time of national crisis and whose actions touched us all so deeply. It’s my honor to introduce her now – Caroline Kennedy.
Remarks delivered by Senator Edward M. Kennedy at the 2002 Profile in Courage Award Ceremony, May 6, 2002.
|
||
7733
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 11
|
https://www.ccny.cuny.edu/news/kofi-annan-at-ccny
|
en
|
Former UN Chief Kofi Annan to Speak at CCNY February 8
|
https://www.ccny.cuny.edu/themes/custom/ccny_theme/favicon.ico
|
https://www.ccny.cuny.edu/themes/custom/ccny_theme/favicon.ico
|
[
"https://www.facebook.com/tr?id=384876909864134&ev=PageView&noscript=1",
"https://www.ccny.cuny.edu/themes/custom/ccny_theme/dist/assets/ccny_cuny_web_icon.svg",
"https://www.ccny.cuny.edu/themes/custom/ccny_theme/dist/assets/ellipsis.svg",
"https://www.ccny.cuny.edu/themes/custom/ccny_theme/dist/assets/ellipsis.svg",
"https://www.ccny.cuny.edu/themes/custom/ccny_theme/dist/assets/ellipsis.svg",
"https://www.ccny.cuny.edu/themes/custom/ccny_theme/dist/assets/ellipsis.svg",
"https://www.ccny.cuny.edu/themes/custom/ccny_theme/dist/assets/ellipsis.svg",
"https://www.ccny.cuny.edu/themes/custom/ccny_theme/dist/assets/ellipsis.svg",
"https://www.ccny.cuny.edu/themes/custom/ccny_theme/dist/assets/ellipsis.svg",
"https://www.ccny.cuny.edu/themes/custom/ccny_theme/dist/assets/search.svg",
"https://www.ccny.cuny.edu/themes/custom/ccny_theme/dist/assets/ccny_cuny_web_icon.svg",
"https://www.ccny.cuny.edu/themes/custom/ccny_theme/dist/assets/hamburger.svg",
"https://www.ccny.cuny.edu/themes/custom/ccny_theme/dist/assets/close-icon--white.svg",
"https://www.ccny.cuny.edu/themes/custom/ccny_theme/dist/assets/close-icon.svg",
"https://www.ccny.cuny.edu/themes/custom/ccny_theme/dist/assets/close-icon.svg",
"https://www.ccny.cuny.edu/themes/custom/ccny_theme/dist/assets/close-icon.svg",
"https://www.ccny.cuny.edu/themes/custom/ccny_theme/dist/assets/close-icon.svg",
"https://www.ccny.cuny.edu/themes/custom/ccny_theme/dist/assets/close-icon.svg",
"https://www.ccny.cuny.edu/themes/custom/ccny_theme/dist/assets/close-icon.svg",
"https://www.ccny.cuny.edu/themes/custom/ccny_theme/dist/assets/close-icon.svg",
"https://www.ccny.cuny.edu/themes/custom/ccny_theme/dist/assets/close-icon.svg",
"https://www.ccny.cuny.edu/themes/custom/ccny_theme/dist/assets/ccny_cuny_web_icon.svg",
"https://www.ccny.cuny.edu/themes/custom/ccny_theme/dist/assets/search.svg",
"https://www.ccny.cuny.edu/themes/custom/ccny_theme/dist/assets/ellipsis.svg",
"https://www.ccny.cuny.edu/themes/custom/ccny_theme/dist/assets/ellipsis.svg",
"https://www.ccny.cuny.edu/themes/custom/ccny_theme/dist/assets/ellipsis.svg",
"https://www.ccny.cuny.edu/themes/custom/ccny_theme/dist/assets/close-icon--white.svg",
"https://www.ccny.cuny.edu/sites/default/files/styles/600px_wide/public/kofi_annan.jpg?itok=aOD0I8y6",
"https://www.ccny.cuny.edu/themes/custom/ccny_theme/dist/assets/icon-twitter-purple-hollow.svg",
"https://www.ccny.cuny.edu/themes/custom/ccny_theme/dist/assets/icon-facebook-purple-hollow.svg",
"https://www.ccny.cuny.edu/themes/custom/ccny_theme/dist/assets/icon-linkedin-purple-hollow.svg",
"https://www.ccny.cuny.edu/themes/custom/ccny_theme/dist/assets/icon-mail-purple-hollow.svg",
"https://www.ccny.cuny.edu/themes/custom/ccny_theme/dist/assets/seal.svg",
"https://www.ccny.cuny.edu/themes/custom/ccny_theme/dist/assets/CUNY_Logo_with Name_Right_White_RGB.svg",
"https://cdn.mxpnl.com/site_media/images/partner/badge_light.png",
"https://www.ccny.cuny.edu/themes/custom/ccny_theme/dist/assets/icon-instagram.svg",
"https://www.ccny.cuny.edu/themes/custom/ccny_theme/dist/assets/icon-facebook.svg",
"https://www.ccny.cuny.edu/themes/custom/ccny_theme/dist/assets/icon-linkedin.svg",
"https://www.ccny.cuny.edu/themes/custom/ccny_theme/dist/assets/icon-youtube.svg",
"https://cdn.mxpnl.com/site_media/images/partner/badge_light.png",
"https://www.ccny.cuny.edu/themes/custom/ccny_theme/dist/assets/icon-instagram.svg",
"https://www.ccny.cuny.edu/themes/custom/ccny_theme/dist/assets/icon-facebook.svg",
"https://www.ccny.cuny.edu/themes/custom/ccny_theme/dist/assets/icon-linkedin.svg",
"https://www.ccny.cuny.edu/themes/custom/ccny_theme/dist/assets/icon-youtube.svg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] |
2015-07-23T13:11:29+00:00
|
en
|
/themes/custom/ccny_theme/favicon.ico
|
The City College of New York
|
https://www.ccny.cuny.edu/news/kofi-annan-at-ccny
|
Talk coincides with launch of his newly published official papers
Former United Nations Secretary-General Kofi Annan, whose leadership of the world body earned him the 2001 Nobel Peace Prize, will deliver an address at The City College of New York 10 a.m. Friday, February 8. His talk will cover the challenges he faced as secretary-general and the future of the United Nations. It coincides with the launch of his published official papers, which are held at City College.
The speech, titled “Kofi Annan: Insights into a Challenging Decade and the Future of the UN,” will be delivered in The Great Hall, Shepard Hall, and is free and open to the public. It is presented by the Colin L. Powell Center for Leadership and Service.
Lynne Rienner Publishers published Mr. Annan’s collected papers as a five-volume set following a six-year joint CCNY-Yale University project. Jean E. Krasno, initiative director for multilateral diplomacy and international organizations with the Colin Powell Center, headed the project.
The collection offers an organized historical record of selected public and declassified papers of the former UN chief, Dr. Krasno said. It makes the breadth and depth of his work accessible to scholars, students and policymakers, she added.
“Mr. Annan is a pivotal leader who focused the world's attention on the global HIV/AIDS pandemic, confronted human-rights issues in Africa and has served as a tireless peacemaker in critical conflicts, most recently as the joint special envoy to the Syrian crisis,” noted Dr. Krasno, who also directs CCNY’s graduate international relations program.
The papers reveal the Ghanaian-born diplomat’s pivotal role in settling conflicts, she added. “They demonstrate Kofi Annan’s unique ability to negotiate settlements and to find peaceful solutions in conflict situations. And they lead us to understand why he was selected as joint special envoy to Syria.”
Dr. Krasno noted that Mr. Annan led the United Nations (1997-2006) at a very important period in international relations, spanning the end of the Cold War and the aftermath of the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks. “He also holds a unique position because he established new expanded norms for the international community in terms of their role and responsibilities,” she said.
The collection also highlights Mr. Annan’s leadership in focusing the world’s attention on the global HIV/AIDS pandemic, his evolving and increasingly concrete anti-poverty efforts and his work to confront human-rights issues in Africa. He received the Nobel Peace Prize in 2001 for his role in establishing a global AIDS fund for developing countries.
Mr. Annan authorized the CCNY-Yale project, enabling access to papers that otherwise would have been locked up for 20 years in UN archives, in accordance with the organization’s policy. The volumes include public papers, such as speeches, declassified internal notes between Kofi Annan and his advisers, and off-the-cuff encounters with the press.
About Kofi Atta Annan
Kofi Atta Annan served as the seventh Secretary-General of the United Nations from 1997 to 2006. He was the first UN head to be appointed from within the ranks of the organization. His tenure spanned the post-Cold War era and the aftermath of the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks. Mr. Annan was credited for instilling fresh impetus in the United Nations in conflict resolution and preserving peace.
After five years in office, Mr. Annan and the United Nations were awarded the 2001 Nobel Peace Prize. The Nobel Committee applauded the Secretary-General and noted that he “had been pre-eminent in bringing new life to the Organization.”
Born in Kumasi, Ghana, in what was then the British colony of the Gold Coast, Mr. Annan was educated at a Methodist boarding school where he said he was taught that “suffering anywhere concerns people everywhere.” He attended Macalester College in St. Paul, Minn., on a Ford Foundation scholarship, and graduated with a BS in economics in 1961. He also studied at the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies in Geneva and was a Sloan Fellow at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Mr. Annan earned an MS degree in management from MIT in 1972.
A United Nations official for most of his professional life, Mr. Annan joined the organization in 1962 as an administrative and budget officer for the World Health Organization. He was involved in Ghana’s tourism industry in the mid-1970s, but later returned to the UN. On March 1, 1993, he was appointed undersecretary-general for peacekeeping operations, a position he held until he began his term as Secretary-General in 1997.
In an unprecedented move, the Security Council and General Assembly reappointed Secretary-General Annan to a second term in June 2001 instead of waiting until late in the year, as is usual. He completed his ten years in office on December 31, 2006. Mr. Annan remains active in world affairs, and was instrumental in obtaining the agreement for a coalition government in Kenya that ended the violence following the country’s December 2007 presidential elections.
In 2012, Mr. Annan was named special envoy to Syria by both the United Nations and the League of Arab States to seek a peaceful solution to the conflict there. He remained in the position for six months, stepping down in August 2012. He currently directs the Kofi Annan Foundation in Geneva, Switzerland.
On the Internet
|
|||
7733
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 85
|
https://desertherald.ng/kofi-annan-diplomat-who-redefined-the-u-n-dies-at-80/
|
en
|
Kofi Annan, Diplomat Who Redefined the U.N., Dies at 80
|
[
"https://desertherald.ng/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/desertherald-300x41-1.png",
"https://desertherald.ng/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/desertherald-300x41-1.png",
"https://desertherald.ng/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/desertherald-300x41-1.png",
"https://desertherald.ng/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/desertherald-300x41-1.png ",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/07c1b5098af03f95f3c3e8f7d461fb78?s=55&d=mm&r=g",
"https://desertherald.ng/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/BBM57iP.jpg",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/07c1b5098af03f95f3c3e8f7d461fb78?s=96&d=mm&r=g",
"https://desertherald.ng/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/ig.jpg",
"https://desertherald.ng/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/356028_436457_updates.jpg",
"https://desertherald.ng/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/images-60.jpeg",
"https://desertherald.ng/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/images-59.jpeg",
"https://desertherald.ng/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/images-58.jpeg",
"https://desertherald.ng/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/images-57.jpeg",
"https://desertherald.ng/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/PHOTO-2021-12-31-12-43-59-1024x172.jpg",
"https://desertherald.ng/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/PHOTO-2021-12-31-12-38-17-4-1024x172.jpg",
"https://desertherald.ng/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/unnamed-749x1024.jpg",
"https://desertherald.ng/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/desertherald-logo.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
Kofi Annan, Diplomat Who Redefined the U.N., Dies at 80
|
en
|
https://desertherald.ng/kofi-annan-diplomat-who-redefined-the-u-n-dies-at-80/
|
Kofi Annan, a soft-spoken and patrician diplomat from Ghana, who became the seventh secretary general of the United Nations, projecting himself and his organization as the world’s conscience and moral arbiter despite bloody debacles that left indelible stains on his record as a peacekeeper, died on Saturday. He was 80.
His death, after a short illness, was confirmed by his family in a statement from the Kofi Annan Foundation, which is based in Switzerland.
Awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2001, he was the first black African to head the United Nations, and led the organization for two successive five-year terms beginning in 1997 — a decade of turmoil that challenged the sprawling body and redefined its place in a changing world.
On his watch as what the Nobel committee called Africa’s foremost diplomat, Al Qaeda struck New York and Washington, the United States invaded Iraq, and Western policymakers turned their sights from the Cold War to globalization and the struggle with Islamic militancy.
An emblem as much of the body’s most ingrained flaws as of its grandest aspirations, Mr. Annan was the first secretary general to be chosen from the international civil servants who make up the United Nations’ bureaucracy.
He was credited with revitalizing its institutions, crafting what he called a new “norm of humanitarian intervention,” particularly in places where there was no peace for traditional peacekeepers to keep, and, not least, in persuading Washington to unblock arrears withheld because of the profound misgivings about the body voiced by American conservatives.
His tenure was rarely free of debate, and he was likened in stature to Dag Hammarskjold, the second secretary general, who died in a mysterious plane crash in Africa in 1961.
In 1998, Mr. Annan traveled to Baghdad to negotiate directly with Saddam Hussein over the status of United Nations weapons inspections, winning a temporary respite in the long battle of wills with the West but raising questions about his decision to shake hands — and even smoke cigars — with the dictator.
In fact, Mr. Annan called the 2003 invasion of Iraq illegal and suffered an acute personal loss when a trusted and close associate, the Brazilian official Sérgio Vieira de Mello, his representative in Baghdad, died in a suicide truck bombing in August 2003 that struck the United Nations office there, killing many civilians.
The attack prompted complaints that Mr. Annan had not grasped the perils facing his subordinates after the ouster of Mr. Hussein.
While his admirers praised his courtly, charismatic and measured approach, he was hamstrung by the inherent flaw of his position as what many people called a “secular pope” — a figure of moral authority bereft of the means other than persuasion to enforce the high standards he articulated.
As secretary general, Mr. Annan, like all his predecessor and successors, commanded no divisions of troops or independent sources of income. Ultimately, his writ extended only as far as the usually squabbling powers making up the Security Council — the highest U.N. executive body — allowed it to run.
In his time, those divisions deepened, reaching a nadir in the invasion of Iraq. Over his objections, the campaign went ahead on the American and British premise that it was meant to disarm the Iraqi regime of chemical weapons, which it did not have — or, at least, were never found.
Iraq also brought embarrassment closer to home when reports began to surface in 2004 that Mr. Annan’s son, Kojo Annan, worked for Cotecna Inspection Services, a Geneva-based company that had won a lucrative contract in a vast humanitarian program supervised by the United Nations in Iraq and known as oil for food.
A commission led by Paul A. Volcker concluded that the secretary general had not influenced the awarding of the contract, but had not investigated aggressively once questions were raised.
The secretary general said he took the commission’s findings as exoneration, but his reputation suffered, particularly in the eyes of adversaries in Washington.
In assessing his broader record, moreover, many critics singled out Mr. Annan’s personal role as head of the United Nations peacekeeping operations from 1993 to 1997 — a period that saw the killing of 18 American service personnel in Somalia in October 1993, the deaths of more than 800,000 Rwandans in the genocide of 1994, and the bloody massacre of 8,000 Bosnian Muslims by Bosnian Serb forces at Srebrenica in 1995.
In Rwanda and Bosnia, United Nations forces drawn from across the organization’s member states were outgunned and showed little resolve. In both cases, troops from Europe were quick to abandon their missions. And in both cases, Mr. Annan was accused of failing to safeguard those who looked to United Nations soldiers for protection.
“Annan felt that the very countries that had turned their backs on the Rwandans and Bosnians were the ones making him their scapegoat,” Samantha Power, an author who later became ambassador at the United Nations during the Obama administration, wrote in 2008. “But he knew that his name would appear in the history books beside the two defining genocidal crimes of the second half of the 20th century.”
Despite the serial setbacks, Mr. Annan commanded the world stage with ease in his impeccably tailored suits, goatee beard and slight, graceful physique — attributes that made him and his second wife, Nane Lagergren, a global power couple.
He seemed to radiate an aura of probity and authority. “How do we explain Kofi Annan’s enduring moral prestige,” the Canadian author, politician and academic Michael Ignatieff wrote in a review of Mr. Annan’s 2012 memoir, “Interventions.”
“Personal charisma is only part of the story,” Mr. Ignatieff wrote. “In addition to his charm, of which there is plenty, there is the authority that comes from experience. Few people have spent so much time around negotiating tables with thugs, warlords and dictators. He has made himself the world’s emissary to the dark side.”
The desire to burnish his legacy seemed to motivate Mr. Annan long after Ban Ki-moon replaced him as secretary general, and he set up a nonprofit foundation to promote higher standards of global governance. In 2008, he headed a commission of eminent Africans that persuaded rival factions in Kenya to reconcile a year after more than 1,000 people were killed during and after disputed elections.
In February 2012, Mr. Annan was appointed as the joint envoy of the Arab League and the United Nations to seek a settlement as civil war tightened its grip on Syria. But he resigned in frustration in August of that year, citing the intransigence of both sides in a conflict that convulsed and reshaped the region and claimed hundreds of thousands of lives.
Kofi Atta Annan was born on April 8, 1938, in the city of Kumasi in what was then Gold Coast and which, in 1957, became Ghana, the first African state to achieve independence from British colonialism. Born into an aristocratic family, he had three sisters, two of them older. The third, Efua, was a twin who died in the 1990s.
After a spell at the elite Mfantsipim boarding school founded by Methodists, he went on to higher education as an economist in Ghana, at Macalester College in St. Paul, in Geneva, and at the M.I.T. Sloan School of Management.
In 1965, he married Titi Alakija, a woman from a prosperous Nigerian family. The couple had two children, a daughter, Ama, and a son, Kojo. The marriage foundered in the late 1970s.
In 1984, Mr. Annan married Ms. Lagergren, a divorced lawyer working at the United Nations. She, too, was a scion of a prominent family, a niece of Raoul Wallenberg, the Swedish diplomat who protected thousands of Hungarian Jews during World War II but disappeared after being captured by Soviet forces. Ms. Lagergren had a daughter, Nina, from her first marriage.
He is survived by Ms. Lagergren, along with Ama, Kojo and Nina.
Most of Mr. Annan’s working life was spent in the corridors and conference rooms of the United Nations, but, he told the author Philip Gourevitch in 2003, “I feel profoundly African, my roots are deeply African, and the things I was taught as a child are very important to me.”
His first appointment with a United Nations agency was in 1962, at the World Health Organization in Geneva. Mr. Annan returned briefly to Ghana to promote tourism and worked in Ethiopia with the U.N. Economic Commission for Africa before returning to the body’s European headquarters.
Later, in New York, he worked at first in senior human resources and budgetary positions, and, in the early 1990s, the former secretary general, Boutros Boutros Ghali of Egypt, appointed him first as deputy, then as head of peacekeeping operations.
The appointment plunged Mr. Annan into a maelstrom of conflicts where United Nations forces were deployed. As genocide approached Rwanda in 1994 — months after the downing of a Black Hawk helicopter in Mogadishu, Somalia, and the killing of American service personnel — the Clinton administration in Washington had little appetite for intervention.
But on the ground, the Canadian commander, Lt. Gen. Roméo Dallaire, heading a modest force of 2,500 United Nations troops, sought permission from Mr. Annan’s office to raid an arms cache that he believed would be used in massacres. Permission was refused. Only years later, after the release of a critical report in 1999, did Mr. Annan declare that “all of us must bitterly regret that we did not do more to prevent it. On behalf of the United Nations, I acknowledge this failure and express my deep remorse.”
In Bosnia, too, the United Nations was accused of being overcautious and restricted by the mandate approved by the Security Council for the establishment of so-called safe havens under United Nations protection that proved, in Srebrenica, to be illusory. European powers opposed airstrikes to halt the advancing Bosnian Serbs, who overran Srebrenica despite the presence of peacekeeping troops from the Netherlands.
Later that year, Mr. Annan seemed to adopt a tougher line, approving the NATO bombing campaign that forced Serbia to the negotiating table for the Daytona peace accords. At that time, airstrikes required a so-called dual key approval of the NATO command and the United Nations.
“When Kofi turned it,” Richard Holbrooke, the former American envoy, told Mr. Gourevitch, “he became secretary general in waiting.” With Washington pressing for the ouster of Mr. Boutros Ghali, Mr. Annan took office as secretary general with American approval on Jan. 1, 1997.
He was, Ms. Power wrote, “the primary guardian of the U.N. rule book,” which insisted on the paramountcy of the Security Council as what Mr. Annan called “the sole source of legitimacy” in approving overseas interventions. Those rules were openly flouted by NATO in March 1999, with its bombing of the former Yugoslavia, forcing Mr. Annan to seek some kind of middle ground.
“It is, indeed, tragic that diplomacy has failed,” he said on the first day of NATO bombing, choosing words that largely defined the dilemmas confronting policymakers throughout and beyond his tenure, “but there are times when the use of force may be legitimate in the pursuit of peace.”
“We will not, and we cannot accept a situation where people are brutalized behind national boundaries,” he continued later as the 78-day aerial campaign ended its second week of efforts to halt a crackdown on ethnic Albanians in Kosovo.
“For at the end of the 20th century, one thing is clear: A United Nations that will not stand up for human rights is a United Nations that cannot stand up for itself.”
|
||||||
7733
|
dbpedia
|
0
| 24
|
https://beyondthesinglestory.wordpress.com/2019/11/04/kofi-annan-3/
|
en
|
Beyond the Single Story
|
[
"https://beyondthesinglestory.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/kofiannan-earlylife.jpg?w=366&h=419",
"https://beyondthesinglestory.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/kofiannan-under-secretary-general.jpg?w=1000",
"https://beyondthesinglestory.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/globalimpactinitiative.jpg?w=1072",
"https://beyondthesinglestory.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/kofiannan-nigeriaandcameroon.jpg?w=1000",
"https://beyondthesinglestory.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/kofiannan_foundation.png?w=1000",
"https://beyondthesinglestory.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/cropped-cimg7944.jpg?w=50",
"https://beyondthesinglestory.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/cropped-cimg7944.jpg?w=50",
"https://pixel.wp.com/b.gif?v=noscript"
] |
[
"https://www.youtube.com/embed/c-i6KpIi_pk?version=3&rel=1&showsearch=0&showinfo=1&iv_load_policy=1&fs=1&hl=en&autohide=2&wmode=transparent"
] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"George Mathen"
] |
2019-11-04T00:00:00
|
Kofi Annan was born on April 8, 1938, in Ghana. As the grandchild and nephew of tribal chiefs, he was raised in an aristocrat family (“Kofi Annan Biography"). During his younger years, he attended an elite Methodist boarding school called Mfantsipim (“Kofi Annan Biography"). It was here that he learned the important idea that “suffering…
|
en
|
Beyond the Single Story
|
https://beyondthesinglestory.wordpress.com/2019/11/04/kofi-annan-3/
|
Kofi Annan was born on April 8, 1938, in Ghana. As the grandchild and nephew of tribal chiefs, he was raised in an aristocrat family (“Kofi Annan Biography“). During his younger years, he attended an elite Methodist boarding school called Mfantsipim (“Kofi Annan Biography“). It was here that he learned the important idea that “suffering anywhere concerns everywhere” and this paved the trajectory for the rest of his life (“Kofi Annan Biography“). After high school, he pursued a number of degrees involved with international relations at different colleges including Kumasi College of Science and Technology, Macalester College (St. Paul, Minnesota), Graduate Institute of International Studies (Geneva, Switzerland), and the MIT Sloan School of Management (Cambridge, Massachusetts) (“Kofi Annan Biography“). During this time, he became fluent in various languages including English, French, the Kru languages, and other African languages (“Kofi Annan Biography“).
Annan’s early professional career began when he joined the UN in 1962 as a civil servant, specifically as a budget officer for the World Health Organization in Geneva (“Kofi Annan Biography“). Later on, he served nine years (1987-1996) as the assistant-secretary-general in various areas. These areas involved human resources management, budget and finance, and peacekeeping operations (“Kofi Annan – NobelPrize“). Additionally, he served as the under-secretary-general (1994-1995) with a brief five-month assignment as a representative of the secretary-general to Yugoslavia (“Kofi Annan Biography“).
Annan’s professional career is best known under the light of being the UN Secretary-General from 1997 to 2006. He was known for revitalizing the United Nations and creating an effective international system (“Biography – Kofi Annan Foundation”). He advocated heavily for human rights, the “Rule of law”, the Millennium Development Goals and Africa, and bringing the UN organization closer to the global society (“Biography – Kofi Annan Foundation”). Annan was also involved with many other activities. For example, he was a prominent figure in the creation of the Global Fund to fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria, and counter-terrorism strategies (“Biography – Kofi Annan Foundation”). Additionally, he inaugurated the “Global Compact” initiative promoted corporate social responsibility in the international world (“Biography – Kofi Annan Foundation”).
There were also many achievements and assignments that Kofi Annan accomplished during his stint as the UN Secretary-General. In 1998, he helped Nigeria transition from military rule to civilian rule (“Kofi Annan – NobelPrize“). Additionally, he prevented a violent eruption by resolving the deadlock between Iraq and the Security Council in regard to weapons inspections. Later on, in 1999, Annan navigated the process of Timor-Leste gaining independence from Indonesia. Following that year in 2000, Annan recognized Israel’s withdrawal from Lebanon (“Kofi Annan – NobelPrize“). Finally, he peacefully interceded between Cameroon and Nigeria regarding the Bakassi peninsula (“Biography – Kofi Annan Foundation”).
Following his time with the UN, Kofi Annan created the Kofi Annan Foundation in the efforts to promote lasting peace and inclusive governance amongst the global community (“Biography – Kofi Annan Foundation”). The foundation was still active in the international community as it mediated a peaceful resolution in Kenya in the midst of post-election violence of 2008 (“Biography – Kofi Annan Foundation”). Later on in 2012, he was sent to settle the dispute in Syria as a UN-Arab League Joint Special Envoy in hopes of ending the violence, violations of human rights, and initiating inclusive political dialogue (“Biography – Kofi Annan Foundation”; “Kofi Annan resigns as UN-Arab League Joint Special Envoy for Syrian crisis“). Finally, Annan created AGRA in hopes of addressing issues on his own continent. The goal of AGRA is to “promote rapid, sustainable agricultural growth based on smallholder farmers” by investing in “soil regeneration and health, improved seeds, access to markets, and building capacity and investment throughout the agricultural value-chain” (“Biography – Kofi Annan Foundation“).
Through his work with the United Nations and Kofi Annan Foundation, Annan has established himself as a champion of peace, unity, and human rights. He has consistently fought for the betterment of not just his country but also that of the global community. Personally, I came to be interested in Kofi Annan because of his role in this society. I have always admired those who can navigate conflict and tension and bring out peace in the midst of it. It takes courage, intellect, relational competency, and a deep understanding of a nation’s narrative in order to effectively construct solutions that bridge and unite a global community.
Unfortunately, on August 18, 2019, Annan unexpectedly passed away at 80 years old due to a sudden illness. He ultimately left a legacy of social justice, sustainable reform, and initiatives for the welfare of humanity. If anyone is interested more about Kofi Annan’s vision and the world he was working to create, the following video has been attached:
Featured Image: Image courtesy of BBC
Works Cited
“Biography.” Kofi Annan Foundation, 30 Aug. 2018.
“Kofi Annan.” Biography.com, A&E Networks Television, 25 July 2019.
“Kofi Annan Resigns as UN-Arab League Joint Special Envoy for Syrian Crisis | UN News.” United Nations, United Nations.
|
|||||
7733
|
dbpedia
|
3
| 71
|
https://newsroom.northumbria.ac.uk/pressreleases/ghana-tv-show-winner-reflects-on-incredible-experience-at-northumbria-1194443
|
en
|
Ghana TV show winner reflects on incredible experience at Northumbria
|
https://mnd-assets.mynewsdesk.com/image/upload/ar_16:9,c_fill,dpr_auto,f_auto,g_auto,q_auto:good,w_1782/k0dda4skbvzjojf6tr8c
|
https://mnd-assets.mynewsdesk.com/image/upload/ar_16:9,c_fill,dpr_auto,f_auto,g_auto,q_auto:good,w_1782/k0dda4skbvzjojf6tr8c
|
[
"https://mnd-assets.mynewsdesk.com/image/upload/c_limit,dpr_auto,f_auto,q_auto:good,w_600/xazfqhasggwfvxkwyri6",
"https://mnd-assets.mynewsdesk.com/image/upload/ar_16:9,c_fill,dpr_auto,f_auto,g_auto,q_auto:good,w_746/k0dda4skbvzjojf6tr8c 746w, https://mnd-assets.mynewsdesk.com/image/upload/ar_16:9,c_fill,dpr_auto,f_auto,g_auto,q_auto:good,w_1782/k0dda4skbvzjojf6tr8c 1782w",
"https://mnd-assets.mynewsdesk.com/image/upload/c_limit,dpr_auto,f_auto,q_auto:good,w_600/xazfqhasggwfvxkwyri6",
"https://mnd-assets.mynewsdesk.com/image/upload/c_fill,dpr_auto,f_auto,g_auto,h_250,q_auto:good,w_250/xhnw0v0ua0carbzusonu",
"https://mnd-assets.mynewsdesk.com/image/upload/c_fill,dpr_auto,f_auto,g_auto,h_250,q_auto:good,w_250/ayeso4vkdydbrx04d0tw",
"https://mnd-assets.mynewsdesk.com/image/upload/c_fill,dpr_auto,f_auto,g_auto,h_250,q_auto:good,w_250/nhe1rifoupflm1ai3krs",
"https://mnd-assets.mynewsdesk.com/image/upload/c_fill,dpr_auto,f_auto,g_auto,h_250,q_auto:good,w_250/z7zwl3ektarnz1ddgsfr",
"https://mnd-assets.mynewsdesk.com/image/upload/c_fill,dpr_auto,f_auto,g_auto,h_250,q_auto:good,w_250/qjme3cqpcccscdf0lqde",
"https://mnd-assets.mynewsdesk.com/image/upload/c_fill,dpr_auto,f_auto,g_auto,h_250,q_auto:good,w_250/b8xlkvcfqku6bvcxef59",
"https://mnd-assets.mynewsdesk.com/image/upload/ar_16:9,c_fill,dpr_auto,f_auto,g_auto,q_auto:good,w_746/hpvneelcmav5mky5u6rs.jpg",
"https://mnd-assets.mynewsdesk.com/image/upload/ar_16:9,c_fill,dpr_auto,f_auto,g_auto,q_auto:good,w_746/d3ceiup7hrn1izkwrvpm",
"https://mnd-assets.mynewsdesk.com/image/upload/ar_16:9,c_fill,dpr_auto,f_auto,g_auto,q_auto:good,w_746/mx1abmchuurf6p9z1yrh",
"https://mnd-assets.mynewsdesk.com/image/upload/ar_16:9,c_fill,dpr_auto,f_auto,g_auto,q_auto:good,w_746/lbgvknx4lmj7u8afqqfg",
"https://mnd-assets.mynewsdesk.com/image/upload/c_limit,dpr_auto,f_auto,q_auto:good,w_600/xazfqhasggwfvxkwyri6",
"https://mnd-assets.mynewsdesk.com/image/upload/c_limit,dpr_auto,f_auto,q_auto:good,w_600/xazfqhasggwfvxkwyri6",
"https://mnd-assets.mynewsdesk.com/image/upload/c_limit,dpr_auto,f_auto,q_auto:good,w_600/xazfqhasggwfvxkwyri6"
] |
[
"//www.youtube.com/embed/Z70_Pc_7SYg"
] |
[] |
[
"International",
"Newcastle Business School",
"Northumbria Law School"
] | null |
[] |
2015-06-01T00:00:00
|
A reality TV contestant who won a place at Northumbria is celebrating a successful year of study – and an unforgettable time in Newcastle.
|
en
|
https://mnd-assets.mynewsdesk.com/image/upload/c_fill,dpr_auto,f_auto,g_auto,h_250,q_auto:good,w_250/lsgjdi4emw68zkieeh9v
|
Mynewsdesk
|
https://newsroom.northumbria.ac.uk/pressreleases/ghana-tv-show-winner-reflects-on-incredible-experience-at-northumbria-1194443
|
A reality TV contestant who won a place at Northumbria is celebrating a successful year of study – and an unforgettable time in Newcastle.
Anthony Kofi-Annan triumphed in 2014’s ‘The Challenge’ – a Ghanaian show similar to The BBC’s Apprentice – and the prize was a scholarship with Northumbria.
The 27-year-old from Ghana is studying for an MSc Business with Financial Management degree at Northumbria’s Newcastle Business School, and has received very positive feedback from lecturers and university staff.
He said: “I applied to go onto ‘The Challenge’ because I wanted the scholarship to Northumbria University – and it’s been one of the best decisions I’ve ever made in my life. I’ve really enjoyed everything about the experience. The lecturers have first-hand experience of the industry, which makes the course even more interesting. Life in Newcastle is wonderful. I had heard of Newcastle as I’ve followed the English Premier League and made sure I did my research before going into the show.”
Anthony applied to be on the sixth series of ‘The Challenge’, an extremely popular show which is run in partnership with the British Council and offers fully sponsored post-graduate scholarships as prizes.
The show gave students across Ghana the chance to showcase their intellectual and creative talents, with contestants competing against each other over three months in a range of televised tasks and interviews. One of the tasks involved selling white unmarked T-shirts, and the teams were assessed on revenue raised and marketing strategies.
Anthony’s team decided to use the T-shirt as a platform to create awareness on the prevention of the Ebola virus, and for greater impact they collaborated with a Government institution in Ghana championing a similar cause.
‘The Challenge 2014’ was sponsored by Ghana-based telecommunication company Tigo in collaboration with the British Council Ghana and supported by Northumbria University, Newcastle; Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen and the University of Salford in Manchester. The show was produced by GhOne TV, a Ghanaian based multimedia company.
Anthony joined two other winners from the education show in securing positions at UK universities – and his successful year has made him an advocate for university life abroad.
He added: “I definitely believe that it’s important to study abroad; you get a completely new perspective on study, on culture and diversity and on different ways of working. I would recommend studying at Northumbria University to people all over the world.”
Northumbria University’s international recruitment manager Simon Foster said: “Anthony continues to shine and we’re keen to see how he progresses. Feedback on him has been fantastic - lecturers are very proud of him, as are his family, and as am I. He is a very good representative for Ghana and is doing the country proud.”
See more of Anthony’s story here: https://northnews.wistia.com/medias/ysaxgc42wx
Masters study at Northumbria is designed for those students who want to change direction in their career or give it an extra edge, or for those who have a burning passion for their area of study.
|
||
7733
|
dbpedia
|
3
| 4
|
https://www.ghanaweb.com/person/Kofi-Annan-141
|
en
|
Kofi Annan, Biography
|
https://cdn.ghanaweb.com/design/favicon.ico
|
https://cdn.ghanaweb.com/design/favicon.ico
|
[
"https://cdn.ghanaweb.com/design/logo_desktop.png",
"https://cdn.ghanaweb.com/imagelib/pics/208/20873779.295.jpg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
The biography on Kofi Annan.
|
en
|
https://cdn.ghanaweb.com/design/favicon.ico
|
https://www.ghanaweb.com/person/Kofi-Annan-141
|
EDUCATION - Studied at the University of Science and Technology in Kumasi;
Bachelor's degree in economics from Macalester College in St. Paul, Minnesota, 1961; undertook graduate studies in economics at the Institut Universitaire des Hautes Etudes Internationales in Geneva, Switzerland, 1961-1962; master of science degree in management from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1972. Sloan Fellow at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1971-72.
Career Annan joined the United Nations in 1962 as an administrative and budget officer with the World Health Organization. He went on to serve in offices in New York, Geneva and Ethiopia. In 1992, he advanced to the U.N.'s high profile peacekeeping division, where he focused on, among other things, issues in Iraq and Asia. Four years later he was appointed secretary-general.
AWARDS
Nobel Peace Prize (2001)
PERSONAL - Annan has been married to his second wife, Nane Lagergren, a Swedish lawyer and judge, since 1984. Annan has two children, Ama and Kojo from his first marriage to a Nigerian woman that ended in divorce. Lagergren also has a daughter, Nina, from her previous marriage. Annan and Lagergren live in New York.
Detailed Biography
Kofi Atta Annan, current Secretary General of the United Nations, is a native of Ghana - at the time of his birth, still a British colony called Gold Coast. He was born on April 8th, 1938 in Kumasi the descendant of a prominent family of paramount chieftains of the Fante people.
His father was a politician - the elected governor of Ashanti province. Annan begun his education at a Ghanaian University, then completed a degree in Economics at Macalester College in ST. Paul, Minn. He pursued graduate studies in Geneva at the Institute Universitaire de Hautes Etudes Internationals. Again in the United States, Annan earned an M.S. in management at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
By 1971, Annan had Joined the United Nations. He would spend most of his career in Europe, Africa and New York. Annan is a consummate insider and life long international civil servant in that organization.
His experience includes positions as Assistant Secretary General for Program Planning, Budget and Finance, head of human resources and security coordinator, director of the budget, chief of personnel of the High Commission for refugees and administrative officer for the economic commission for Africa. His background is primarily administrative.
He was named Under Secretary General for Peacekeeping Operations on March 1, 1993. Soon after his appointement, Annan expressed regret dissatisfaction that the international community did so little to stop the killing in Somalia and the genocide in Rwanda in the winter and spring of 1993 and 1994, respectively. In the peace keeping post he did, however take on a delicate and complex jobs. He was sent to Iraq to negotiate the release of hostages and the safe transport of half a million Asian workers who had become stranded in that area. As representative of the U.N. Secretary General in Bosnia, He deftly negotiated his way among the four contentious outside powers who had intervened in Bosnia - the United States, Britain, France and Russia.
On the evening of December 13, 1996 Annan was named Secretary General of the United Nations - the first black African to hold the job.
In the future, Annan will grapple with the problem of gaining support for the United Nations from the organizations skeptics, especially the U.S. Congress.
Links
Official Site of the UN Secretary General
Biography
UN
|
|||
7733
|
dbpedia
|
0
| 32
|
https://prodigyfinance.com/massachusetts-institute-of-technology/mit-sloan-school-of-management/
|
en
|
MIT Sloan School of Management Loans
|
[
"https://a.storyblok.com/f/268942/635x175/7c7ecc1970/prodigy-finance-logo.svg",
"https://prodigyfinance.com/assets/static/bc22c0318326cf348a7fd0cce448ab9e/62b7f/school-page.jpg",
"https://prodigyfinance.com/assets/static/bc22c0318326cf348a7fd0cce448ab9e/62b7f/school-page.jpg",
"https://a.storyblok.com/f/268942/58x44/9138453f47/webinar-charndre.svg",
"https://a.storyblok.com/f/268942/50x50/a1be843906/linked-in.svg",
"https://a.storyblok.com/f/268942/50x50/7dd6e1c1ab/facebook.svg",
"https://a.storyblok.com/f/268942/50x50/456ffcc88a/x.svg",
"https://a.storyblok.com/f/268942/50x50/eac968d368/instagram.svg",
"https://a.storyblok.com/f/268942/50x50/9820ea175c/youtube.svg",
"https://a.storyblok.com/f/268942/50x50/43188ce3bf/tik-tok.svg",
"https://a.storyblok.com/f/268942/121x40/f4d2771f0a/google-play.svg",
"https://a.storyblok.com/f/268942/121x40/fbdf503063/app-store.svg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
MIT Sloan School of Management is one of the best schools globally, and is a part of Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
|
en
|
/assets/static/logo-0efa98b46815ba34e159244a2550ebe4.png
|
https://prodigyfinance.com/massachusetts-institute-of-technology/mit-sloan-school-of-management/
|
About the school
Founded in 1914, the Massachusetts Institute of Technologyâs Sloan School of Management is one of the world's leading business schools in Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. It is known for its exceptional academic programmes, state-of-the-art research, and innovative approach to management education. Nestled within an elite group of research institutions, MIT Sloan congregates the most brilliant minds to address global challenges with practical solutions. US News & World Report shows that the Sloan School of Management is ranked No. 4 in Best Business Schools 2023-2024. The school's global network has collaborations, research partnerships, and alums connections. The international community of MIT alumni spans over 90+ countries and comprises an impressive 120,000 individuals. Among the remarkable roster of accomplished alums are Kofi Annan (Former Secretary-General of the United Nations and Nobel Peace Prize laureate) and Condoleezza Rice (Former US Secretary of State). Cambridge, Massachusetts, offers international students a diverse, academically excellent environment. Its internationally acclaimed colleges, cultural vibrancy, and student support services make the city famous for international students seeking quality education and a diverse experience.
Where is the school located?
Life at the MIT Sloan School of Management
MIT Sloan School of Management offers various affordable housing options for its graduate students, including single rooms, one-bedroom, and multi-bedroom units. There are eight graduate residences on campus, offering multiple housing options for single people, couples, and students with families. The campus environment is a vibrant mix of opportunities and activities that are continuously changing, with 80+ student clubs with membership numbers ranging from 12 to 400+ and leadership organisations that plan events, run conferences, and welcome new members. The MIT Sloan Student Life Office promotes unity and support in all programmes, collaborating with student services at Sloan. They guide students through their journey and foster an inclusive culture. At the core of Cambridge's bustling Kendall Square district, MIT Sloan benefits from its surroundings teeming with biotech firms, tech behemoths, start-ups, and research facilities. The area offers various dining options, outdoor activities, art, music, and cultural venues. Boston's extensive network of around 60 colleges and universities enriches the city's dynamic with inventive and intellectual vitality.
Additional benefits of studying at the MIT Sloan School of Management
Although graduate students at the MIT Sloan School of Management are housed in the Cambridge, Massachusetts campus, their business education has a global focus. There are plenty of opportunities for students to travel and study abroad, and the academic courses are generally international. Additionally, the school offers Action Labs where students can work on real-life problems facing businesses in China, India, and the United States. Nearly a quarter of Sloan graduates have become business presidents and CEOs. With over 120 alum clubs, students can connect with a skilled global network of individuals through the MIT Alumni Association and receive mentorship and career guidance. Students have unparalleled access to the best research, entrepreneurial tools, and cross-disciplinary partnerships. This ecosystem provides exceptional opportunities for hands-on learning and networking with forward-thinking innovators and creators, providing an environment where you can transform ground-breaking concepts into successful business initiatives.
|
|||||
7733
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 1
|
https://news.mit.edu/2001/annan
|
en
|
Sloan School alumnus Kofi Annan wins Nobel Peace Prize
|
[
"https://news.mit.edu/themes/mit/src/img/placeholder/placeholder--news-article--image-gallery.jpg",
"https://news.mit.edu/themes/mit/src/img/placeholder/placeholder--frontpage--featured-news.jpg",
"https://news.mit.edu/themes/mit/src/img/placeholder/placeholder--frontpage--featured-news.jpg",
"https://news.mit.edu/themes/mit/src/img/placeholder/placeholder--frontpage--featured-news.jpg",
"https://news.mit.edu/themes/mit/src/img/placeholder/placeholder--frontpage--featured-news.jpg",
"https://news.mit.edu/themes/mit/src/img/placeholder/placeholder--frontpage--featured-news.jpg",
"https://news.mit.edu/themes/mit/src/img/placeholder/placeholder--frontpage--featured-news.jpg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Robert J. Sales",
"News Office"
] |
2001-10-12T09:00:00+00:00
|
en
|
/themes/mit/assets/img/favicon/favicon.ico
|
MIT News | Massachusetts Institute of Technology
|
https://news.mit.edu/2001/annan
|
The United Nations and its seventh secretary general, Sloan School alumnus Kofi Annan, were awarded the Nobel Peace Prize Friday (October 12) for striving to create "a better organized and more peaceful world" in the post cold-war era.
The Norwegian Nobel Committee said, "The UN has in its history achieved many successes, and suffered many setbacks. Through this first Peace Prize to the UN as such, the Norwegian Nobel Committee wishes in its centenary year to proclaim that the only negotiable route to global peace and cooperation goes by way of the United Nations."
Annan, 63, was appointed secretary general by the UN General Assembly in 1997 and elected to a second five-year term in June. An active alumnus, he received the SM in management in 1972 and has visited MIT several times in recent years. He delivered the commencement address in 1997.
In that speech, he said:
"When the world thinks of MIT alumni and alumnae who have gone on to assume positions of visibility in their respective fields, as so many have, it correctly imagines Nobel laureates in physics, chemistry and economics, or business tycoons, or engineers improving our daily lives in countless ways. But a secretary general of the United Nations? That's hardly the first answer anyone would blurt out on a TV quiz show!
"And yet, it is not as much of a stretch as it may seem at first. For the ethos of science and engineering shares deep and profound similarities with the 20th century project of international organization. Science and international organizations alike are constructs of reason, engaged in a permanent struggle against the forces of unreason.
Science and international organization alike are experimental; both learn by trial and error and strive to be self-correcting. Lastly, science and international organization alike speak a universal language and seek universal truths."
Annan was educated at the University of Science and Technology in Kumasi, Ghana; Macalester College in St. Paul, Minn.; and the Institut de Hautes Etudes Internationales in Geneva, before coming to MIT.
Annan, whose father was a provincial governor in Ghana and a Fante tribal chief, is married to Nane Lagergren, a Swedish artist and lawyer. His wife's uncle, Swedish diplomat Raoul Wallenberg, helped thousands of Hungarian Jews escape from the Nazis during World War II. The Annans have three children.
A career UN diplomat, Annan speaks English, French and several African languages. When told about the Peace Prize, Annan said, "It is humbling. It's great recognition for the staff."
This modesty and humility would not surprise his Sloan School classmates in 1971-72. In 1998, after he convinced Saddam Hussein to allow UN arms inspections to resume in Iraq, they recalled Annan as a man with a commanding presence despite his soft-spoken demeanor.
"He's a listener and an observer," said Zwi Kohorn, an Israeli. "He'd see how things developed and then involve himself as a mediator."
"(His) calm exterior hides a rigid sense of principles," said Michael Peny, who was a Sloan Fellow along with Annan. Another Sloan Fellow, Carl "Pete" Peterson, remembered asking how the UN reconciles conflicting agendas. "You build a consensus around a common vision," Annan told him. "It's better to do something that do nothing."
Retired Sloan School Associate Dean Peter Gil, who interviewed Annan when he was nominated for the fellowship, said,"He was very much at peace with himself."
|
|||||
7733
|
dbpedia
|
3
| 47
|
https://www.africanews.com/2018/08/24/asanteman-the-ghana-kingdom-that-gifted-kofi-annan-to-the-world//
|
en
|
Asanteman: The Ghana kingdom that gifted Kofi Annan to the world
|
[
"https://www.africanews.com/images/flipboard_round_colored.png",
"https://www.africanews.com/images/linkedIn.png",
"https://www.africanews.com/images/share.svg",
"https://www.africanews.com/images/cross.svg",
"https://static.euronews.com/articles/programs/africanews/280x130_news.jpg",
"https://static.euronews.com/articles/524897/400x225_524897.jpg",
"https://www.africanews.com/images/whatsapp_logo.png",
"https://static.euronews.com/articles/52/48/524897/1024x576_bonus-knust.jpg",
"https://static.euronews.com/articles/52/48/524897/1024x576_bonus-kumasi.jpg",
"https://static.euronews.com/articles/stories/08/65/74/54/320x180_cmsv2_b2dc12b7-bc2d-59c0-8466-055a6fc1f70e-8657454.jpg",
"https://static.euronews.com/articles/stories/08/65/75/00/320x180_cmsv2_c391576c-6f88-55b6-a0fe-39a5dcaa4339-8657500.jpg",
"https://static.euronews.com/articles/stories/08/65/84/70/320x180_cmsv2_76b2db56-3164-5aa8-b9b8-63c3988ae4fd-8658470.jpg",
"https://static.euronews.com/articles/stories/08/59/29/52/320x180_cmsv2_4661f364-fa5a-5ce1-9369-deabd967b83e-8592952.jpg",
"https://static.euronews.com/articles/stories/08/55/37/14/320x180_cmsv2_2776b430-d561-5d2d-a1df-1a3ab8101cdf-8553714.jpg",
"https://static.euronews.com/articles/stories/08/55/37/08/320x180_cmsv2_479604e2-790b-5c3c-ad1b-a2e9c811cec6-8553708.jpg",
"https://www.africanews.com/images/whatsapp_logo.png",
"https://static.euronews.com/articles/stories/08/65/74/54/320x180_cmsv2_b2dc12b7-bc2d-59c0-8466-055a6fc1f70e-8657454.jpg",
"https://static.euronews.com/articles/stories/08/65/75/00/320x180_cmsv2_c391576c-6f88-55b6-a0fe-39a5dcaa4339-8657500.jpg",
"https://static.euronews.com/articles/stories/08/65/84/70/320x180_cmsv2_76b2db56-3164-5aa8-b9b8-63c3988ae4fd-8658470.jpg",
"https://static.euronews.com/articles/stories/08/59/29/52/320x180_cmsv2_4661f364-fa5a-5ce1-9369-deabd967b83e-8592952.jpg",
"https://static.euronews.com/articles/stories/08/55/37/14/320x180_cmsv2_2776b430-d561-5d2d-a1df-1a3ab8101cdf-8553714.jpg",
"https://static.euronews.com/articles/stories/08/55/37/08/320x180_cmsv2_479604e2-790b-5c3c-ad1b-a2e9c811cec6-8553708.jpg",
"https://static.euronews.com/articles/stories/08/56/18/12/550x311_cmsv2_9a135b66-d09b-5f53-ab6e-1a4d4dd93fbd-8561812.jpg",
"https://static.euronews.com/articles/stories/08/65/10/00/550x311_cmsv2_7acdd942-d3c7-51b9-94e8-d504e78fbf65-8651000.jpg",
"https://static.euronews.com/articles/stories/08/60/67/42/550x311_cmsv2_133c2cbe-7606-58f6-8836-a89b9d1a8663-8606742.jpg",
"https://static.euronews.com/articles/stories/06/70/90/76/550x311_cmsv2_5865a334-c37b-5618-8fc3-2a21cbd81777-6709076.jpg",
"https://static.euronews.com/articles/stories/08/28/58/72/550x311_cmsv2_c3592976-a715-5df7-a8c4-dead9d34522e-8285872.jpg",
"https://static.euronews.com/articles/stories/08/59/63/12/550x311_cmsv2_2269147b-d761-5a21-8c1d-1493082778d7-8596312.jpg",
"https://static.euronews.com/articles/stories/07/43/26/92/320x180_cmsv2_17feb240-ed65-54e2-97ae-4324c31ab28a-7432692.jpg",
"https://static.euronews.com/articles/stories/08/65/84/70/320x180_cmsv2_76b2db56-3164-5aa8-b9b8-63c3988ae4fd-8658470.jpg",
"https://static.euronews.com/articles/stories/08/65/75/00/320x180_cmsv2_c391576c-6f88-55b6-a0fe-39a5dcaa4339-8657500.jpg",
"https://www.africanews.com/images/flipboard_square_bw.png",
"https://www.africanews.com/images/34-instagram.svg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"www.facebook.com",
"africanews.channel"
] |
2018-08-24T00:00:00
|
It was on 16 August, 2002 with Annan having swapped his suit for the traditional colourful kente cloth. In view of his service to humanity, Otumfuor conferred on him the title Busumuru – son of the
|
en
|
Africanews
|
https://www.africanews.com/2018/08/24/asanteman-the-ghana-kingdom-that-gifted-kofi-annan-to-the-world/
|
Kofi Annan, was born in the hub of one of Africa’s biggest kingdoms and arguably the biggest and most prestigious royal domains in the West African country, Ghana.
Annan was born 80 years ago in Kumasi, the capital of Ghana’s resource rich Ashanti region – land of cocoa, timber and gold, Asanteman or Ashanti kingdom.
In Ghana’s year of Independence from colonial rule, 1957, Annan graduated from one of Ghana’s famed High Schools, Mfantsipim, which was located in the adjoining Central Region.
He was back to the region of his birth for university education. Annan enrolled in the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST) in Kumasi before moving on to complete his undergraduate work in economics at the Macalester College in St. Paul Minnesota in 1961.
A view shows the entrance of Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology attended by the late Kofi Annan, former United Nations Secretary-General and Nobel Peace Prize laureate, in Kumasi, Ghana.
Year on, while still at he helm of the United Nations, Annan returned to his place of birth to be conferred with a chieftaincy title by the Ashanti king, Otumfuor Osei Tutu II.
It was on 16 August, 2002 with Annan having swapped his suit for the traditional colourful kente cloth. In view of his service to humanity, Otumfuor conferred on him the title Busumuru – son of the golden stool.
“I and the entire Ashanti state have decided to add your name to the Busumro title because of your selflessness and contributions to humanity, and (promotion) of peace throughout the world,” the king said adorning Annan with a symbolic gold necklace around.
“Busumro” is the name of the golden sword used by the king to swear allegiance to the Ashanti kingdom at his coronation. Annan, was the first to be given the title since the Ashanti kingdom was founded in the 16th century.
“I share this honor with all good people of the world through whose contributions we are able to get somewhere,” he said at the time.
Annan significantly was also the immediate past Chancellor of Ghana’s biggest varsity, the University of Ghana, Legon; which is located in the capital Accra.
As a senior chief to the king, his family had to officially go and notify the Ashanti king of his death with reports in local press indicating that he was in line to be given a burial fit for kings.
Street vendors sell their merchandise in Adum in Kumasi city, birth place of the late Kofi Annan, former United Nations Secretary-General and Nobel Peace Prize laureate, Ghana.
|
|||||
7733
|
dbpedia
|
0
| 45
|
https://www.commandeducation.com/colleges/massachusetts-institute-of-technology/
|
en
|
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
|
[
"https://px.ads.linkedin.com/collect/?pid=4003585&fmt=gif",
"https://www.commandeducation.com/wp-content/uploads/command-education-logo.png",
"https://www.commandeducation.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/BU.png",
"https://www.commandeducation.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/notre-dame-of-maryland-university.jpg",
"https://www.commandeducation.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Yale-University-Campus-aerial-view.jpg",
"https://www.commandeducation.com/wp-content/uploads/georgetown-university-small.jpg",
"https://www.commandeducation.com/wp-content/uploads/command-education-logo-2x-1.png",
"https://www.commandeducation.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/NACAC.png",
"https://www.facebook.com/tr?id=2024755224462973&ev=PageView&noscript=1",
"https://monitor.clickcease.com",
"https://www.commandeducation.com/wp-content/uploads/command-education-logo-300x72.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] |
2024-08-13T13:20:47-04:00
|
The Massachusetts Institute of Technology was founded in 1865 as a “private university in the public interest”, establishing a tradition of innovative and eventually technology-centric problem-solving for the greater good. MIT is a 166-acre university in Cambridge, Massachusetts and the highest-ranking technical institute in the U.S. Right across the bridge from Boston, and just down the road from Harvard, it’s a home to world-class innovators, engineers, scientists, and maybe even you some day!
|
en
|
/wp-content/uploads/fbrfg/apple-touch-icon.png?v=LbxjbLY2lL
|
Command Education
|
https://www.commandeducation.com/colleges/massachusetts-institute-of-technology/
|
How difficult is it to get into MIT?
MIT is a very selective university. Of the 26,914 students who applied to MIT in the 2022-23 cycle, 1,291 were offered admission to the Class of 2027, making the acceptance rate 4.8%. The EA acceptance rate was slightly higher, at 5.7%, as MIT accepted 685 of the 11,924 students who applied for Early Admission. Test scores range near perfection across the board—the 25th and 75th percentiles for the ACT composite were 34 and 36, the SAT Math 780 and 800, and the SAT ERW 740 and 780, respectively.
Although MIT is a STEM-focused school where competitive test scores are a prerequisite for admission, they also care greatly about school fit. They want skilled students who make an impact in an area they are very passionate about, take risks, and work well with others. The most attractive candidates are those who demonstrate initiative and ownership of their own learning and opportunities.
MIT encourages interested applicants to attend an interview in their area or via Skype during the application process. These interviews last anywhere between 30 minutes and two hours. Although an interview is not mandatory and won’t make or break a student’s application, interviews are a helpful tool for showing MIT what makes you a unique and valuable member of their community.
What is the campus like at MIT?
You might imagine a campus full of Nobel Prize-bound scientists to be serious and a bit dull, but MIT is actually the complete opposite. MIT has an open campus, so while you might be in lecture halls with Nobel laureates and MacArthur fellows, when you step outside you’ll be greeted by jugglers and fire spinners alongside the tourists and other students. MIT’s museums and libraries are open to the public, so even those academic spaces are much more diverse than those at a typical college campus.
The campus boasts more than 20 gardens and green spaces to soak up the sun when you’re not braving the legendary New England winters. Cambridge is America’s oldest college town, and Boston is as college-friendly as its neighbor. Throughout the school year, there are events across the city that college students can enjoy, as well as easy transportation to New Haven, Providence, and New York for when you want to break out of the Cambridge bubble.
All MIT freshmen must live in a residence hall, even if they choose to affiliate with an FSILG (Fraternity, Sorority, or Independent Living Groups). The summer before freshman year, students rank the ten residence halls in order of preference. If you end up in a residence hall you don’t love, you can apply to transfer dorms at the beginning of each year. During sophomore–senior year, students have the option to continue living in residential halls or move to an FSILG. More than 3,400 undergraduates live on campus, and nearly half of MIT’s undergraduate students are affiliated with an FSILG, so you won’t be the odd one out if you choose to do so. Keep in mind that each of the residence halls and FSILGs vary in cost and have distinct cultures and rules.
Embracing a work-hard-play-hard attitude, MIT also has a colorful historical tradition of ethical hacks and pranks.
What is MIT known for?
MIT is a world-class institution with particular prestige in science, engineering and mathematics. The U.S. has sent 44 MIT-educated astronauts to space as of 2024, and the institution boasts 101 Nobel Prize winners, 26 Turing Award winners, and 8 Fields Medalists as of October 2023. Notable alumni include astronaut Buzz Aldrin, nuclear physicist Shirley Ann Jackson, and UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan (honorable mention: Marvel Universe character Tony Stark).
How diverse is MIT?
For the Class of 2027, 49% of students identified as male, 48% of students identified as female, 4% identified as another gender identity, and 2% declined to disclose (total exceeds 100%, as students could indicate more than one option). Forty percent are Asian American, 38% are White/Caucasian, 16% are Hispanic, 15% are Black/African American, and 2% are American Indian/Alaskan Native and 1% are Native Hawaiian (likewise, total exceeds 100%, as students could indicate more than one option). The most recent class of 1,092 MIT students hails from 49 states and 59 countries, and 18% were among the first generation in their family to attend college.
How do I apply to MIT?
MIT has both Early Action (EA) and Regular Action (RA) deadlines. Early applicants must submit their materials by November 1. Students applying in the Regular Action cycle need to do so by January 4. It is important for students to note that MIT is not test-optional. In addition to filling out the MIT Application and submitting essays for all MIT supplements, students will have to submit one evaluation from a science or math teacher and one from a humanities, social science, or language teacher. You can also submit additional materials via fax (most ideal) or mail.
Does MIT have a good athletic department?
Boasting an active and distinguished Division III athletics program, MIT supports one of the broadest intercollegiate athletic programs in the world. Approximately 25% of the student body participates in the 33 varsity sports, and at 233 Academic All-America citations, the university has earned more than any other Division III athletics program in the nation.
The MIT Engineers compete at the Division I level in crew, fencing, track and field, cross country, squash, water polo, rifle, and sailing. Outside of the varsity level, MIT also has an expansive club program with 900 participants and 33 teams – a quarter of these reside within martial arts alone!
What are MIT’s core curriculum and programs?
MIT consists of six schools, across which there are 58 majors and 59 minors. The six schools are School of Architecture and Planning, School of Engineering, School of Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences, MIT Sloan School of Management, School of Science, and the MIT Schwarzman College of Computing. Unlike some other colleges, MIT applicants don’t have to apply to a specific school. All MIT undergrads enter undeclared and choose a school during their sophomore year. In this approach, students have time to explore classes from all six schools and make an informed decision about which major is the best option for them. Some of the most popular areas of study are within Science and Math, but MIT offers everything from Ancient and Medieval Studies to Flexible Nuclear Science and Engineering. Many of the majors are also offered as minors, so if you’re interested in both humanities and STEM, MIT allows you to pursue your passions in a dynamic and intentional way.
Can I afford MIT?
MIT is one of only seven universities in the nation to offer full-need aid and need-blind admissions and one of only five U.S. universities to be need-blind for both domestic and foreign students,. The full price of an MIT education for the 2024–25 academic year (including tuition, fees, room, board, food, books, course materials, supplies, equipment and personal expenses) is $85,960. Families with incomes and assets totaling under $140,000 receive MIT Scholarship funding, allowing them to attend MIT tuition-free, while families making under $75,000 are exempt from any expenses towards an MIT education.
|
||||
7733
|
dbpedia
|
3
| 51
|
https://www.amazon.com/Annan-Global-Leadership-United-Nations/dp/0192847422
|
en
|
Amazon.com
|
[
"https://images-na.ssl-images-amazon.com/captcha/ddwwidnf/Captcha_ffifwaljja.jpg",
"https://fls-na.amazon.com/1/oc-csi/1/OP/requestId=2K0Y2HWZ4DSGEQBFZ4CT&js=0"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
en
| null |
Enter the characters you see below
Sorry, we just need to make sure you're not a robot. For best results, please make sure your browser is accepting cookies.
|
|||||||
7733
|
dbpedia
|
0
| 3
|
https://www.kofiannanfoundation.org/kofi-annan/
|
en
|
Kofi Annan
|
[
"https://www.facebook.com/tr?id=1624333875029312&ev=PageView&noscript=1",
"https://www.kofiannanfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/logo-kofi-annan-foundation.svg",
"https://www.kofiannanfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/UN_Multilateralism.jpeg.webp",
"https://www.kofiannanfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/kofi-annan-scholars-2022-2023-1024x640.jpg.webp",
"https://www.kofiannanfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/logo-kofi-annan-foundation.svg",
"https://www.kofiannanfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/UN_Multilateralism.jpeg.webp",
"https://www.kofiannanfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/kofi-annan-scholars-2022-2023-1024x640.jpg.webp",
"https://www.kofiannanfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Kofi-Annan-featured-image.png.webp",
"https://www.kofiannanfoundation.org/wp-content/themes/kaf-theme/patterns/images/kofi-time-podcast-cover.jpg",
"https://www.kofiannanfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Kofi-Annan-Legacy-featured-image-1024x461.png.webp",
"https://www.kofiannanfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Kofi-Annan-Speeches-1024x512.png.webp",
"https://www.kofiannanfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Kofi-Annan-Quotes-1024x512.png.webp",
"https://www.kofiannanfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Kofi-Annan-Collectes-Papers-1024x512.png.webp",
"https://www.kofiannanfoundation.org/wp-content/themes/kaf-theme/patterns/images/kofi-annan-book-1.png",
"https://www.kofiannanfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Kofi-Annan-We-The-Peoples-1.png.webp",
"https://www.kofiannanfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Collected-Papers-of-Kofi-Annan-1.png.webp",
"https://www.kofiannanfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/The-Kofi-Annan-NextGen-Democracy-Prize-2023-Finalists-768x480.jpg.webp",
"https://www.kofiannanfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Kofi-Annan-Diploma-Medal-Nobel-Peace-Prize.jpg.webp",
"https://www.kofiannanfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/Call-for-Applications-Kofi-Annan-Award-for-Innovation-in-Africa-768x480.png",
"https://www.kofiannanfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/kofi-annan-scholars-2022-2023-768x480.jpg.webp",
"https://www.kofiannanfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/A-Call-for-Peace-from-Filippo-Grandi-768x480.jpg.webp",
"https://www.kofiannanfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Filippo-Grandi-2023-Geneva-Peace-Address-768x480.jpg.webp",
"https://www.kofiannanfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/cyon-hosting-logo.svg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] |
2024-01-29T13:03:55+00:00
|
Kofi Annan was a Nobel Peace Prize laureate, Secretary-General of the United Nations between 1997 and 2006, and the founding chair...
|
en
|
Kofi Annan Foundation
|
https://www.kofiannanfoundation.org/kofi-annan/
|
About the Podcast
Regarded as one of the modern world’s icons of diplomacy, what is Kofi Annan’s legacy today? What can we learn from him, and how can we prepare for tomorrow based on his vision for a better world?
In this exclusive 10-part podcast, Ahmad Fawzi, one of Kofi Annan’s former spokespersons and Communication Advisor, examines how Kofi Annan tackled a specific crisis and its relevance to today’s world and challenges.
Kofi Annan’s call to bring all stakeholders around the table — including the private sector, local authorities, civil society organisations, academia, and scientists — resonates now more than ever with so many, who understand that governments alone cannot shape our future.
Join us on a journey of discovery as Ahmad Fawzi interviews some of Kofi Annan’s closest advisors and colleagues, including Dr Peter Piot, Christiane Amanpour, Mark Malloch-Brown, Michael Møller, Mark Suzman, Alicia Bárcena and more.
Listen and follow us on Apple Podcasts, Spotify and SoundCloud.
Brought to you by the Kofi Annan Foundation and the United Nations Information Service.
Kofi Annan Speeches
As United Nations (UN) Secretary-General and later Chair of his Foundation, Kofi Annan was called upon to deliver many speeches at major events worldwide.
We have selected twenty of Kofi Annan’s speeches for this page, which, taken together, provide a broad understanding of his views on peace, development and human rights. Many of his recommendations for action are as valid and important today as they were when he spoke these words.
|
|||||
7733
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 89
|
http://web.mit.edu/annualreports/pres97/12.0.html
|
en
|
Reports to the President 1996
|
[] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null | null |
MIT Reports to the President 1996-97
SLOAN SCHOOL OF MANAGEMENT EDUCATION RESEARCH CENTERS AND GROUPS ADMINISTRATION AND SERVICES
SLOAN SCHOOL OF MANAGEMENT
This year marks the completion of the fourth year of Sloan's five-year plan for preeminence. In 1994 we introduced a new Master's Program curriculum that has met with high acceptance from both students and faculty. The new curriculum, with its introduction of communication courses, team learning, and five specialized tracks, is at least partially responsible for improving satisfaction scores and raising the yield in student acceptances of our offers to a new record (83 percent of students admitted accepted our offer in 1996). We have boosted our student admissions to 350 MBA students (including 50 Leaders for Manufacturing candidates), but decreased the average class size in the core curriculum by increasing the number of sections. Applications have more than doubled since 1993, and selectivity increased to eight applications for each position in the class.
INITIATIVES
Our educational initiative in system design and management (SDM) in conjunction with the School of Engineering has progressed with the completion of test classes and an SDM launch in January 1997.
Sloan aims to be a leader in remote education. We currently have 10 videoconference-ready classrooms and common areas. Several videoconference classes were held this year in our executive education and international initiatives.
Sloan's international initiatives are providing new resources for both curriculum development and research. Our initiative in China is moving forward, and eight faculty from two of China's most prestigious universities, Tsinghua and Fudan, in residence at Sloan.
In executive education, we are responding to market shifts by designing an innovative program combining traditional classes, remote learning through two-way video, and Web-based tools and databases.
A new research initiative--Inventing the Organization of the 21st Century--is under way.
The Entrepreneurship Center has raised $10 million to hire new faculty and establish new entrepreneurship courses and programs.
RESTRUCTURING
To generate the resources for these initiatives, we have restructured so we can provide additional services with little increase in head count. Our new matrix organization has enabled us to be more flexible in the face of changing demand and to improve efficiency through the sharing of resources across programs. Staff productivity has increased by more than 25 percent.
Major realignment in the Technology Services staff has significantly increased support for faculty research and for implementing the SAP accounting system. Another program improvement this year was student laptop/networking support, mainly in response to a move toward group work and a greater need for computers.
In addition, the faculty are utilizing a new point-based load measurement system. As a result, teaching productivity has risen by more than 25 percent.
We are taking steps to improve the efficiency of the Research Centers and to build research revenues.
BUDGET
Our budget outlook remains healthy. We have been able to contribute resources to the Institute substantially above the level of our original five-year plan: $7.3 million in incremental funds over the FY94-FY97 period (through reduction in general funds, profit sharing, and new overhead taxes) versus $5.0 million originally projected. We forecast that we will contribute another $14.6 million between FY98 and FY2002. We expect to achieve these results even despite a new program to respond to the increasing competition among business schools and to meet the attack on our faculty from the Harvard Business School.
Major issues we are now addressing are faculty compensation, interdepartmental students, and diversity. In spite of tight budgets, Sloan hired 19 new faculty this year, expanding our outreach and strengthening our accounting, finance, and marketing departments. In the area of understanding and nurturing diversity, we staged a day-long program in April which was attended by 300 students, faculty and staff. A similar event is planned for the fall of 1997.
It has been a very productive year resulting in the implementation of many of the programs outlined in the 1994 five-year plan.
Glen L. Urban
EDUCATION
MBA PROGRAM
Our mission is to create and deliver a small MBA program based upon collegiality and teamwork, an international focus, and a diversity of cultures and interests. The innovative and integrative curriculum aims to provide a strong analytical foundation to management, encourages the interplay of ideas and their practical application, and allows students to design an individualized educational program exposing them to leading-edge research and practice.
In 1996-97, student enrollment, including Leaders for Manufacturing, was 719, the largest in Sloan School history. The first-year MBA class contained 315 students. It had the following profile: 28 percent female, 13 percent U.S. minority, and 38 percent international, with an average age of 27.5 years and average work experience of 4.3 years. Of the students' undergraduate degrees, 49 percent were in engineering, 25 percent in social sciences/humanities, 20 percent in business, and 6 percent in math/science.
The fall of 1996 was the fourth year of the revamped MBA curriculum, in which students complete a fall core of six subjects and then choose a specific Career Management track or Self-Managed Track in the spring term. A new track in Manufacturing and Operations Management (MO) was approved by the Master's Program Committee and implemented in the spring term. MO students will join the LFM proseminar and share some LFM electives. Nearly half the MBA students elected to join the self-managed track, which provides them with maximum flexibility of course selection and the ability to customize their program following completion of the fall core.
Overall student satisfaction with the MBA Program remained high in 1997: 91 percent of MBA students rated their Sloan experience 7 or higher on a 10-point scale.
Forty-six members, or 13 percent, of the first-year MBA class were from underrepresented minority groups--Sloan's largest minority representation ever. The Class of 1998 includes 27 African-Americans, 9 Mexican-Americans, 9 Puerto-Ricans, and 1 Native American. They joined 16 second-year minority students.
The Sloan School provided significant financial support for its minority MBAs. During the academic year, Sloan funded 39 first-year minority MBA scholarships at $10,000 each, and 15 second-year scholarships at $5,000 each. Funding for these scholarships came largely from private donations as well as from General Electric, United Technologies, CMP Media Corporation, the Toigo Foundation, and Citicorp.
The Minority Business Club and Minority Student Support Group met regularly during the academic year to discuss minority student issues. Representatives from the MBA Program and Master's Admissions Offices also attended school Diversity Committee meetings and participated in the first schoolwide diversity training day in the spring term.
The MBA Program subsidized the membership of minority students in the National Black MBA and National Hispanic MBA associations, allowing students to attend national conferences. Résumé books were developed for both groups and were used at career fairs for these events.
U.S.News and World Report ranked the Sloan MBA Program #4 in the nation in its 1997 annual survey of graduate business schools published in March. The program's continued high rankings (#2 in 1996, #1 in 1995, and #2 in 1994) are recognition of our student selectivity, high graduation rate, career placement success, and academic reputation.
The MBA Program Office expanded the number of student international trips to 7, up from 6 last year and 4 in 1995. The international trips have become an important part of the MBA Program student experience. The trips are initiated by students (itineraries, logistics, and fundraising) and are supported by the MBA Program Office and International Management faculty. Each trip is preceded by a regional academic seminar that examines the relevant management, social, and cultural issues of the countries visited. The trip destinations this year were China; Japan and Korea; Cuba and Mexico; Brazil and Argentina; India; Singapore, Malaysia, and Indonesia; and Eastern Europe. Some 250 MBA students participated.
Lawrence Abeln
LEADERS FOR MANUFACTURING FELLOWS PROGRAM
The Leaders for Manufacturing Program (LFM) is a partnership between MIT and 20 U.S. manufacturing firms to discover and translate into teaching and practice principles that produce world-class manufacturing and manufacturing leaders. LFM supports students both as Fellows in the program and as research assistants throughout the Institute. Both groups of students participate in a research program that is directed by a joint faculty-industry committee.
The largest component of the educational efforts is the Fellows Program, a 24-month dual-masters degree (engineering and management) program involving a single integrative research project carried out on site in partner firms. Of the 45 students graduated in 1997, over 90 percent have taken positions in manufacturing firms; 30 students have taken positions with LFM sponsors, notably Boeing, Ford, Intel, and GM. Industry continues to show strong support for hiring LFM graduates. The class of '98 comprises 48 students; the class of '99, 42.
Research has been conducted with seed funding from LFM in diverse areas. The Organizational Change group, for example, has focused on how LFM helps its sponsoring companies to change. This initiative has resulted in an assessment of the real value of LFM to companies and provided recommendations back to the program and partner companies on how to better utilize graduates of the program.
Another initiative, the Next Generation Manufacturing project, has sought to address LFM's mission of discovering the principles for world-class manufacturing in the future. Phase one of the project, completed in January 1997, was partly funded by NSF and was performed with Lehigh University's Agility Forum and the TEAM program. Through extensive discussions with manufacturing practitioners, a set of principles has been outlined.
LFM is collaborating with Stanford's SIMA program on a project on remote diagnostics. Partner companies have strongly supported such joint research.
LFM has added Genzyme Corp. and Qualcomm, Inc., as new small and medium-size enterprise partners. Bay Networks, Inc., has moved from involvement through internships to become an official limited partner. (Inland Steel Industries is no longer an active partner.) Membership fees have been restructured to allow companies more flexibility in how they participate in program governance, internships, and research.
The LFM operating committee has developed four standing committees to focus on areas of critical importance: Fellows, Internship, Research, and Knowledge Transfer. The latter committee's charter is to improve effective transfer of program knowledge between MIT and the companies. To date a set of 22 "learning tools" (including cases, simulations, and exercises) have been developed from internship experiences for company and classroom use.
The National Coalition for Manufacturing Leadership (NCML), founded by LFM, met twice this past year to share knowledge about industry needs and program curricula. Tuskegee University joined the coalition for help in starting an integrated manufacturing program. The coalition now includes 14 universities.
A memorandum of understanding with Beijing's Tsinghua University was made to assist partner companies with operations in China and to offer opportunities for student and teaching exchanges with China. Informal ties are developing with four other technical universities in Mexico and Europe.
LFM'S goals for the coming year include:
Enhancing the educational experience by more closely involving member companies in determining topics for internship projects; by achieving better integration between the teaching of engineering and management topics; and by integrating the leadership portion of the curriculum into a more continuous, less isolated set of experiences.
Improving the research program by better integrating the Next Generation Manufacturing project.
Expanding outreach by involving at least one foreign company in the program to reflect the global nature of manufacturing; by seeking students from foreign joint ventures and foreign subsidiaries of our partner companies; by hosting the next meeting of the Coalition of Manufacturing Leadership schools; and by developing a product-development course for industry leaders to disseminate LFM knowledge to a wider audience in our companies.
More information about LFM can be found on the World Wide Web at the following URL: http://web.mit.edu/lfm/www/
Stephen C. Graves, David E. Hardt, William C. Hanson
EXECUTIVE EDUCATION
The mission of Sloan's Office of Executive Education is to be the preeminent provider to key partner companies and alumni of executive education, drawing on Sloan's research depth and expertise to help managers and executives solve important business problems. Consistent with this mission, the office achieved the following results in 1996-97:
Both the Management of Technology and Sloan Fellows Programs--which fall under the purview of Executive Education--successfully recruited large classes for 1997-98, indicating continuing strong demand for these mid-career management degrees. (See the separate reports that follow.)
Six executive short courses were successfully presented in May and June-- The Chief Network Officer: Managing the IT Infrastructure; Negotiation: Theory & Practice; Management of Change in Complex Organizations; Corporate Strategy; System Dynamics: Modeling for Organizational Learning; and Product Design, Development, and Management.
Responding to market demand for more customized programs, Sloan increased its offerings of executive education programs for individual companies. For the second time, the School offered an innovative "change agent" program to Siemens Nixdorf.
We launched a new series of regionally focused programs in collaboration with leading institutions in India and Latin America.
The strategy for fiscal year 1998 includes the following:
Short Courses: We are creating a richer variety of short courses targeted to specific needs emerging in industry. This effort will complement existing longer-term programs, for which demand remains strong. In particular, we have developed a new series of short (two-day) programs that will be offered multiple times a year to better meet the needs of managers and executives for "just in time" training. The first program, Managing Technical Professionals and Organizations, will be offered in September.
Distance Learning: The new technologies of distance learning hold the potential to revolutionize executive education. We are building on the unique technical capabilities of the MIT community to lead in the development of this field. Our goal is to use this interactive medium to leverage the worldwide impact of our faculty, and of our extensive contacts with industry, to enhance the quality of education both on and off campus.
Research: We have reaffirmed our commitment to maintaining and expanding our research base as a means of adding value to our educational programs.
More information about Sloan's Executive Education activities can be found on the World Wide Web at the following URL: http://web.mit.edu/sloan/www/academics/
Robert Russman Halperin
MANAGEMENT OF TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
The MIT Management of Technology (MOT) Program, the first joint program between the Sloan School and the School of Engineering, was established in 1981 to develop leaders capable of bridging technology and strategy within an organization. The program grants the special degree SM in Management of Technology.
The MOT Class of 1997--with 51 members, including 8 women--was the largest to date. As in previous years, the average age was 35, and average post-university work experience was 10.5 years. Some 55 percent of the participants were international, representing 19 countries, and 85 percent were sponsored by their organizations. Before entering the MOT Program, 43 percent had earned master's degrees, 15 percent PhDs.
For the first time, MOT participants and Sloan Fellows jointly took two required classes during the summer term. Professor Gabriel Bitran taught a half-term subject each in managing manufacturing and services. The groups enjoyed the interactions, but agreed that 113 participants were too many for this type of class.
For the annual MOT international trip, the class of '97 visited the People's Republic of China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan. Highlights included a three-hour conversation with Stan Shih (CEO of Acer) and a dinner with many of the CEOs from the Epoch Foundation.
The 1997 end-of-year surveys indicated an exceptionally high level of satisfaction among participants. On a 10-point scale, 34 percent gave the program a 10, and 37 percent gave it a 9. Overall, 94 percent of the respondents rated their satisfaction 7 or higher.
The MOT Program has begun to attract greater attention in the outside world. It was featured in two magazines this year: Electronic Engineering Times (January 20, 1997) and National Society of Black Engineers (March 1997). In addition, our new Web page received 20,000 visits in its first five months.
Our goals for the coming year are to strengthen our relationships with U.S. sponsoring organizations, to maintain our strong applicant pool, and to manage our rapid growth (from 41 participants in the class of '96, to 51 in '97, to 56 in '98) while maintaining our present staff size and level of customer satisfaction.
More information about the MOT Program can be found on the World Wide Web at the following URL: http://web.mit.edu/mot/
Rochelle Weichman
SLOAN FELLOWS
The MIT Sloan Fellows Program entered the 1996-97 academic year with one of the largest classes over the 66 year life of the program and ended it with great pride as one of its alumni, U.N. Secretary General Kofi Annan, SF72, delivered the MIT Commencement Address.
The program strives to provide a learning community that reflects the international character of organizations today and to select participants with the highest potential for leadership roles. The 1997 class comprised 56 participants, all sponsored by their employers, of which 50 percent were U.S.-based organizations and 50 percent were international. This balance was achieved in the face of increased demand for places by Latin American companies, continued demand by Asian companies, and strengthening demand by U.S. companies. Participation by women and U.S. minorities, however, remained low, at 15 percent.
The teaching quality, as ranked by the participants, received the highest praise, as did program administration--an indicating that stability has occurred after the extensive reorganization of the Sloan School.
For the first time, graduates were offered the option of choosing between the degree designations MBA or MS in Management. The majority elected the MBA. The thesis remains a degree requirement for Sloan Fellows.
The program will continue to cultivate a dynamic and balanced U.S./international learning community that cultivates effective leadership to meet the fast-changing demands of today's economic environment. Efforts will continue to increase participation by women and minorities.
Susan C. Lowance
DOCTORAL PROGRAM
Sloan's Doctoral Program aims to provide institutions in the United States and abroad with outstanding management faculty and researchers.
On the input side, we broke records this year. We received 484 applications from 57 countries, fully a quarter of them from China. We made 31 offers and got 19 acceptances (a yield of 61 percent, better than in past years). Total enrollment now stands at 93. The number of women in the Doctoral Program remains at 24 percent
On the output side, our total number of graduates for the past academic year was 26. Job success and placement have been exceedingly high in all 10 of our management fields. Recent graduates have found positions at Wharton, Harvard, the University of Chicago, Cornell, New York University, the University of Michigan, the University of California at Berkeley, the University of Rochester, the National University of Singapore, the Stockholm Institute of Economics, and the University of Chile in Santiago. A few graduates have chosen industrial careers at companies such as Booze, Allen & Co. and Digital Equipment.
While the number of underrepresented minority students (and applicants) remains small--currently three active students--we have undertaken several initiatives to increase our diversity. For example, we participate in the KPMG Peat Marwick PhD Project (an annual recruitment event) and have applied for and won a General Electric "Faculty for the Future" grant.
More information about Sloan's Doctoral Program can be found on the World Wide Web at the following URL: http://web.mit.edu/sloan/www/academics/PhD/
Birger Wernerfelt, Sharon Cayley
VISITING FELLOWS
The Sloan Visiting Fellows Program provides opportunities to pursue full-time, nondegree studies tailored to individual professional goals and interests. Each Visiting Fellow's program of study, usually for one or two semesters, is designed in consultation with a faculty adviser.
Originally a small program with four to six participants a semester, the program has seen demand more than double. Thirteen participants are enrolled for fall 1997. Regular sponsors include Schlumberger and The Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi, Ltd.
We plan to continue to maintain the program as a means for students from other universities, as well as organizationally sponsored individuals, to pursue a path of independent study at the Sloan School.
More information on the Sloan Visiting Fellows Program can be found on the World Wide Web: http://web.mit.edu/sloan/www/academics/vf/
Jennifer Mapes
SYSTEM DESIGN AND MANAGEMENT PROGRAM
See the listing under School of Engineering
UNDERGRADUATE PROGRAM
During the 1996-97 school year, 62 seniors majoring in Management Science were graduated. The Department recognized Christina Hsu and Michael Liu with the Sloan School of Management Senior Prize.
As of spring, 163 students were enrolled in the Management Science SB program, and another 49 had selected Management Science as their second SB degree program at MIT. The total undergraduate enrollment of 212 represented a 19 percent increase over spring 1996.
A large number of students from other MIT degree programs continue to enroll in our management subjects. In the 1996-97 academic year, 804 such students enrolled, up from 784 the year before.
For the first time, the Undergraduate Program administered a satisfaction survey similar to that used by other Sloan teaching programs. On a 10-point scale, the average reported satisfaction with the Sloan School was 7.1; teaching, 7.5; faculty expertise, 8.5; and Sloan facilities, 8.3. Women were significantly more satisfied (8.8) with Sloan facilities than were men (7.5). Lower satisfaction levels were reported for faculty advising (5.8), for the bidding system (6.1), for Educational Services (6.3), and for MIT's Career Services (6.3).
Jeff Meldman, Heather Madnick
RESEARCH CENTERS AND GROUPS
CENTER FOR COORDINATION SCIENCE
The MIT Center for Coordination Science conducts multidisciplinary research to help understand how information technology can provide new ways of organizing human activity and can help people work together better. The center has two corporate sponsors--Fuji Xerox and Anderson Consulting. Its activities are also open to sponsors from the 21st Century Initiative listed below. Government funding comes from a variety of sources, including ARPA, NSF, and the Defense Logistics Agency.
The past year has brought significant progress on the center's main project, the Process Handbook, a set of tools for inventing organizations which brings together both coordination theory and coordination technology. The center began beta-testing the Process Handbook software.
Other activities included a groupware workshop (cosponsored with Sloan's Center for Information Systems Research) and the publication of several working papers on a range of topics, among them the self-governing Internet, measures of the value of information technology, and bundling information. We also hosted a visiting scientist from Fuji Xerox.
In the coming year, we plan to continue developing the Process Handbook project and to go "live" with a Web version of the software in the next few months. We also plan further research and activities in electronic commerce and virtual organizations, and are exploring the possibility of creating a Future Organizations Lab for conducting basic research in this area.
Thomas W. Malone
CENTER FOR ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY RESEARCH
The Center for Energy and Environmental Policy Research (CEEPR) has been the locus of research at MIT on energy economics since the mid-1970s and environmental economics since the late 1980s. Jointly sponsored at MIT by the Sloan School, the Department of Economics, and the Energy Laboratory, CEEPR receives financial support from corporate sponsors and government agencies in the United States and Norway. In conjunction with MIT's Center for Global Change Science, CEEPR cosponsors the Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change, which conducts serious interdisciplinary work to provide a basis for global climate policy.
The principal achievements of CEEPR and the Joint Program in the past year fall into three categories:
Increasing and broadening the sponsorship base: During 1996-97, the Royal Norwegian Ministry of Petroleum and Energy, Cyprus Amax Coal Company and the American Automobile Manufacturers Association joined as new sponsors for both CEEPR and the Joint Program. The G. Unger Vetlesen Foundation also became a contributor to the Joint Program, and CEEPR gained sponsorship from Vatenfall (the Swedish electric utility) and Bewag (the Berlin electric utility).
Establishing significant presence in global change policy: The Joint Program's distinctive feature is the integration of streamlined but comprehensive economic, climate, and ecological models in one Integrated Global Systems Model. This integration was completed in 1996-97 and provided the basis for an enhanced role for the Joint Program's research in the formulation of global warming policy.
Developing preeminence in the analysis of emissions trading: CEEPR has become the foremost interpreter of the U.S. Acid Rain Program, a pioneering public policy experiment in the use of tradable emission permits to achieve an environmental goal. The results of this two-year research effort have been published in a series of working papers.
Goals for the coming year include: continuing to expand the sponsorship base for both CEEPR and the Joint Program; maintaining the position and reputation attained in global warming economics and emissions trading; developing similar stature for research on productivity improvement in the supply of energy: and initiating a new field of research in energy futures, forwards, and arbitrage.
A. Denny Ellerman
CENTER FOR INFORMATION SYSTEMS RESEARCH
Established in 1974, the Center for Information Systems Research (CISR) investigates critical issues concerning the management and use of information technology in complex and dynamic organizations. Faculty associated with the center have conducted pioneering research in such areas as decision support systems, critical success factors, database systems, strategic IS planning, end user computing, executive support systems, and coordination technology.
In 1996-97, CISR research at the center was summarized in four new working papers and a white paper by center staff, and two working papers by affiliated faculty. Four previous working papers were published in Sloan Management Review. Staff are focusing on two key issues in IT management: the governance of the IT unit and management of ubiquitous information.
In addition to teaching in several Sloan graduate and executive education programs, CISR staff conducted an executive education course, Managing the IT Infrastructure for Global Competitiveness, in May for 22 IT professionals. In June, CISR held its annual Summer Session for 130 information technology professionals from all over the world. During the year, CISR staff participated in management education programs for IT professionals at Johnson & Johnson, a sponsor company. CISR held three one-day workshops on IT management issues and cosponsored a workshop on groupware with Sloan's Center for Coordination Sciences in March.
CISR research staff visited sponsor companies to discuss current research and to learn about their IT management issues. CISR research staff completed two case studies at sponsor firms on IT management initiatives, and began collecting data at a third firm.
CISR research staff made presentations at the International Conference on Information Systems (ICIS) and at two chapter meetings of the Society for Information Management. They served as reviewers for Sloan Management Review, MIS Quarterly, Harvard Business Press, and ICIS.
INTERNATIONAL CENTER FOR RESEARCH ON THE MANAGEMENT OF TECHNOLOGY
ICRMOT organizes a program of research on technology management, marketing, and production, as well as the interactions among these functions and their relationship to the global business strategies of member companies. The work is supported mainly by large technology-based companies that are facing the demands of complex and dispersed technology management, often on a global scale.
Current research topics include: using technology alliances to establish leadership in emerging technologies: understanding effective integration tools for dispersed development teams; metrics for valuing R&D; understanding and managing the episodic nature of innovation; recognizing cycles in commodity markets; and managing large-scale software projects.
The center has begun several new initiatives to increase the flow of knowledge to member corporations. Among other measures, we have begun to encourage members to serve as sites for MIT research projects (to ensure that the research is directly applicable to their concerns); we have started inviting members to small, interactive workshops at MIT and elsewhere; and we have encouraged members to participate in identifying companies that are world leaders in various aspects of technology and in holding workshops with representatives from these organizations.
William A. Lucas
INVENTING THE ORGANIZATIONS OF THE 21ST CENTURY
Inventing the Organizations of the 21st Century is a three-year-old research and education initiative that works with innovative managers, leaders, and academicians to help them invent the organizations that will become common 10 to 20 years from now.
The initiative has nine sponsor companies: British Telecom, EDS/A.T. Kearney, Siemens Nixdorf, Siemens PN, Eli Lilly, LG Electronics, McKinsey & Co., and--starting in 1996-97--Union Bank of Switzerland (UBS) and the Norwegian Business Consortium (Norsk Hydro, Norwegian Confederation of Business and Industry, Telenor, Norwegian School of Management).
In 1996-97, the initiative held two major meeting with sponsors. An executive meeting in June brought sponsor executives and liaisons together for an in-depth working session on the theme of radically decentralized organizations. An October research review presented sponsors with a broad range of research results.
Other activities included the development of a faculty steering committee for the initiative and the funding of a 21C Core Faculty Working Group, a cadre of faculty that has begun meeting to more fully develop a research approach and agenda.
In the year ahead, we plan to continue developing sponsorship. We are also redesigning the package of benefits for sponsors and possibly the structure of the initiative to allow more flexibility in working with companies and to securing funding for a broader range of faculty activities. We also plan to refine the thinking and interests of the 21C Core Faculty Working Group to create the intellectual underpinnings of our future work.
Tom Malone
LABORATORY FOR FINANCIAL ENGINEERING
The focus of the Laboratory for Financial Engineering is the quantitative analysis of financial markets using mathematical, statistical, and computational models. LFE's goals are not only to spur advances in financial engineering, but to develop better ways to teach students and executives how to apply financial technology in corporate settings.
In the past year, we launched several new research projects. The new Artificial Markets Project examines the rich dynamics arising from interactions between human and artificial agents in a stochastic market environment in which agents learn from their interactions. In another new undertaking, the Trading Volume Project, we hope to expand our understanding of trading volume by developing well-articulated economic models of asset prices and volume, and empirically estimating them using recently available daily volume data for individual securities from 1962 to 1996.
During 1997, the LFE has produced 14 working papers and journal articles, on topics such as optimal control of execution costs, portfolio theory, and the stability of stock returns.
LFE's activities are supported through industry grants and private donations. This past year we received $200,000 from Merrill Lynch to establish two Merrill Lynch Fellowships through the Operations Research Center, a pledge of $500,000 from Gifford Fong to support the Track in Financial Engineering, and a donation of computer equipment from Sun Microsystems.
The Track in Financial Engineering, a part of the Sloan MBA curriculum, has also been supported by the LFE and has undergone a thorough review this year by the Sloan Dean's Office. The Dean's Office has promised more resources to support the track, and it will continue in its current form for at least another year.
The LFE continues to struggle with course development for the Trading Lab because of limited resources to fund this activity. I have developed several trading simulations for my investments course (15.433) and am developing research projects related to the Trading Lab (such as the Artificial Markets Project described above). The Trading Lab has considerably more potential from both research and teaching perspectives if resources can be raised to support it to the same extent that other universities support similar activities.
Andrew Lo
MIT ENTREPRENEURSHIP CENTER
The MIT Entrepreneurship Center (E-Center) seeks to inspire, educate, and understand entrepreneurs and the process of venture creation via a wide variety of entrepreneurial efforts throughout MIT and beyond. The E-Center is for those who would like to understand, match, or exceed this historic record of achievement by members of the MIT family.
The year 1996-97 has been a time of rapid growth for the E-Center. Student enrollment in entrepreneurship courses shot up 300 percent, to 327. We enjoyed record participation from MIT Engineering and Science students, and Entrepreneurship Lab course enrollment grew to 40-plus internships each semester.
We recruited four new faculty and practitioners, established a new core curriculum, and set up a five-year faculty and staff hiring plan. At the same time, the Entrepreneurship Center Advisory Board helped set our intellectual agenda for next 5 years. A key component of this agenda is the MIT Global Benchmarking Project, which started this year in Metz (France) and Plzen (Czech Republic). The project will compare and contrast policies affecting the growth and levels of entrepreneurship in 10 regions of the world.
The year has been fruitful on the financial side as well. Pledges of support from successful entrepreneurial alumni exceed $9 million.
In the coming year, we plan to hold a National Conference on Entrepreneurship (with support from the Lemelson Foundation), increase our support for student-led venture activities such as the $50K Business Plan competition, and recruit additional Entrepreneurs in Residence and other practitioners.
Kenneth Morse
MIT PROGRAM ON THE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY
The MIT Program on the Pharmaceutical Industry (POPI) was founded in 1991 as a research and education program for understanding the structure and dynamics of the global pharmaceutical industry--the firms and their suppliers, customers, and regulators. POPI seeks to improve the industry's performance and reduce the cost of health care by lowering product costs and decreasing the time required to bring new products to patients.
In 1996-97, faculty associated with POPI continued research on case histories of important drugs, the cost of new drug development, the use of combinatorial chemistry to systematize key aspects of drug discovery, and many other topics. A large conference held at MIT in November 1996 examined "The Competitive Advantage of a Healthy Workforce." Jointly organized with Pfizer, the meeting used some of the latest POPI research to stimulate a dialogue among invited corporate and health-services leaders.
Among other new collaborations, the directors of POPI have entered into preliminary discussion with the University of Leuven, Belgium, which plans to launch a study of the European pharmaceutical industry. Possible joint projects include cross-national comparative studies of drug development, project management, and outcomes assessment.
Stan N. Finkelstein
OPERATIONS RESEARCH CENTER
See the listing under Vice President for Research and Dean for Graduate Education
SYSTEM DYNAMICS GROUP
The System Dynamics Group, founded in the early 1960s by Professor Jay W. Forrester, studies complex systems--often with the aid of computer simulation models--to learn how their structure influences their behavior.
In 1996-97, our National Science Foundation grant was approved for a third year. The National Model Project continued research on how the U.S. economy works. Participants in the System Dynamics in Education Project continued writing Road Maps, a series of self-study guides that use modeling exercises and selected literature to teach the methods and principles of system dynamics. Eight chapters are now available on the World Wide Web at http://sysdyn.mit.edu/road-maps/home.html
More information on the System Dynamics Group can be found on the World Wide Web: http://sysdyn.mit.edu/sd-group/home.html and http://web.mit.edu/sdg/www/
John Sterman, Nan S. Lux
ADMINISTRATION AND SERVICES
ADMISSIONS OFFICE
This has been another highly successful year for Sloan Admissions. The new class is made up of 350 students, including the Leaders for Manufacturing joint Sloan/Engineering candidates. Continuing the trend of the past several years, the class is an experienced one, having an average of 4.6 years of employment before matriculating. The average age was 27.4 years. Average GMAT score has risen to 674.
The number of applications to Sloan again rose, to 3,394, reflecting a continued strong interest in the MBA professional degree, bolstered by a strong economy and job market. As business becomes more complex and reaches into sectors that were previously less business-oriented--such as health care--we have seen a diversification of applicants to include doctors, lawyers, architects, and other professionals who find themselves in need of sophisticated management skills to complement their professional expertise.
Sloan continues to be a diverse population on all dimensions. The incoming class is 37 percent international, 28 percent women, and 12 percent underrepresented minority students. In addition, students have come from all over the United States, from backgrounds in engineering, mathematics, and the sciences, as well as from history, journalism, social science, economics, and business.
Plans for the coming recruitment season include renewed recruiting efforts in Europe as well as a continuation of our presence in Asia, South America, and across the U.S. and Canada. The voluntary participation of current students and alumni/ae in these efforts gives evidence of the satisfaction with our program.
Meg Manderson
ALUMNI RELATIONS OFFICE
The Alumni Relations Office aims to keep Sloan's 16,000 alumni connected with each other and the School, and to foster goodwill toward Sloan. Specific challenges for FY97 were to expand visibility of the programs and services available; to deliver on-line continuing education to alums; and to implement a new on-line alumni directory with a staff of three people.
FY97 saw the Sloan Alumni Relations program recognized by Business Week as one of the top five business school alumni networks; expansion of alumni clubs to 22 worldwide (a 30 percent increase); the School's first Web-based alumni course (Negotiation), which drew more than 30 alumni from six countries; expanded Web-based career services (on-line jobs listings); a new services brochure and alumni membership card; and the launching of a new Sloan memorabilia program to help promote the school.
In FY97, overall alumni activity and involvement was high. More than 150 alumni club events were held around the world, involving 2,000-plus alumni. More than 2,000 alumni volunteered to assist Sloan in recruiting, student mentoring, and admissions. Some 1,300 alumni purchased the new 1996 Alumni Directory. And the Sloan Alumni Interactive received more than 11,000 visits. Nearly 200 alumni took advantage of the personalized career counseling service. Reunion '97 attracted nearly 200 participants, including 48 percent of the class of '92.
Collaboration with MIT's Alumni Network Services will continue to play a critical role for Sloan alumni. Nearly 1,000 Sloan alumni have registered for the on-line directory and other networking services offered through ANS. In addition, more than 50 percent of the 1997 graduating class registered for the ANS services before they graduated.
Key challenges for FY98 will be to increase the visibility of the many programs and services available to alumni, including expanded value-added services such as alumni continuing education and distance learning. FY98 will also see a comprehensive survey of alumni on the value of their Sloan education.
More information on the Alumni Relations Office can be found on the World Wide Web: http://web.mit.edu/sloanalum/
Carmon Cunningham
CAREER DEVELOPMENT OFFICE
The demand for Sloan graduates remained strong this year, though the competition is intense among the top schools for positions with prestigious firms. The two major challenges the Career Development faced this year were to manage the new fall recruiting schedule with minimum disruption to the academic mission of the school, and to increase the number of on-campus recruiters to keep pace with the larger student body.
Preliminary placement figures indicate mixed results, though they are brought on more by changes in student preferences than changes in overall demand. The median base salary dropped slightly, from $78,000 to $75,000, caused by a 5 percent increase in the number of students choosing careers in finance, accompanied by a four-point drop in consulting. The average number of job offers remained surprisingly flat at 3.2 (vs. 3.4 last year), considering that the class size had increased by nearly 20 percent in the same period.
Though head count in the Career Development Office has remained essentially flat (6 full-time plus 1.2 full-time equivalents), there has been significant expansion in all three of our main areas of business:
The recruiting season extended from late November into March this year, with 214 companies participating in on-campus recruiting and two career fairs taking place during the spring semester. Our marketing activities over the previous summer yielded 62 new recruiting companies, with the majority in the manufacturing sector. The CDO significantly expanded the use of technology to streamline recruiting operations, moving interview bidding/sign-ups, salary data collection, and job postings to the Web.
The CDO outsourced some of the career counseling activities this year, enabling us to offer a greater number and wider variety of seminars and workshops. Highlights included several seminars co-led with faculty and increased training in the use of Web-based job search services.
The CDO hired a new full-time librarian in January to manage the Career Resource Center and focus on job postings and on-line services. Our Web site has been expanded, and several new Web-based commercial databases are now available to students. We continually expand our collection and provide students with regular on-site training in use of electronic and hardcopy resources.
Our goals for the coming year are closely aligned with this year's goals. We plan to continue to increase the number and variety of on-campus recruiting companies, with special emphasis on international firms. We will also expand our counseling services, drawing on talented independent career counselors in Boston and New York. Most important, we will partner more extensively with Sloan's management tracks and individual faculty to integrate career seminars and information resources with the academic curriculum.
More information on the CDO can be found on the World Wide Web: http://web.mit.edu/cdo/www
Ilse Evans
CLIENT PARTNERSHIP AND RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT
FY97 was one of the best fundraising years in the School's history. The FY97 total of $18,500,000 in gifts and new pledges represents a 27 percent increase over FY96. The Sloan Development Team (SDT) helped generate about $12,000,000 in cash and more than $6,500,000 in new pledges to support the School during FY97. The Sloan Annual Fund raised almost $1,000,000, a 41 percent increase over the previous year, while an additional $275,000 was raised to support the School's new Minority Fellowships program.
The SDT made 34 percent more sales calls than last year (937 versus 700), despite receiving no significant increase in its budget. Sloan's per-capita fundraising productivity is among the highest of the top tier business schools.
For FY98, the SDT has established a $25,000,000 overall fundraising goal, including a goal of $1,200,000 for the Sloan Annual Fund. The team will also redouble its efforts to close a $25,000,000 gift by working even more closely with President Vest and the MIT Resource Development Office.
Ronald Thomann
EDUCATIONAL SERVICES
Educational Services continued this year to broaden its services supporting students and faculty, an especially important role as the population soared to an all-time high of nearly 1,100 Sloan students, with another 1,000 MIT students enrolled in Course 15 subjects. More than 160 course sections are now offered each semester, a massive scheduling task for this unit.
Increased communication was key this year: "Work in Process," a column for keeping students abreast of major decision processes at Sloan, was added to the weekly internal newsletter (News@Sloan). Educational Services manages and continuously improves a password-protected student intranet, which concentrates in one location a vast range of necessary information resources. An on-line schoolwide calendar is being created. Management of on-line course materials is one of the new initiatives planned for next year, as a service to both faculty and students. Students arriving in the fall will find individual home pages created for them, complete with their photo (this will also help faculty to identify students).
In the area of enrollment management, the on-line course prioritization system was enhanced to meet a number of student and program needs: variable unit caps by program (enabling each academic program to determine the maximum number of units its students may take), extended bidding schedules for executive education students entering in the summer, system-produced materials such as class e-mail lists to provide new information for faculty, and, as always, a focus on faster response and more reliable electronic systems.
The newly formed Educational Services Advisory Group, which draws members from across Sloan's academic programs, has provided valuable direction for such projects as the refurbishment of the Sloan Lobby and desired renovation of other spaces.
In the 1997-98 academic year, Educational Services will play a vital role in distance learning, and plans to offer enhanced services in enrollment management. A comprehensive information system encompassing all aspects of a student's engagement with Sloan--from potential interest through enrollment through life-long alumni connection--looms on the horizon.
More information about Educational Services can be found on the World Wide Web at the following URL: http://web.mit.edu/sloan/www/Services/Edservices/EDS.html
Lucinda Hill
LEMELSON-MIT AWARDS PROGRAM
The Lemelson-MIT Awards Program is a major national educational initiative designed to promote invention and innovation through prizes, spokespeople, and ongoing public education activities. In 1997, the goal of the program was to raise visibility of the awards and public awareness of the contributions of innovators in science, engineering, medicine, technology, and entrepreneurship.
Following are highlights of the program's success in achieving this goal: ongoing citation of the program and its public education activities in a wide range of outlets, including ABC World News Tonight; CNN's Newsday, and CNN's Money Matters; the Tonight Show; The Wall St. Journal, BusinessWeek, Time Digital, The Washington Post, The New York Times, Wired On-Line, and Yahoo! News; public endorsement of the program from national leaders, including Scott McNealy, CEO of Sun Microsystems, and Joseph Bordogna, acting deputy director of the National Science Foundation; increased international recognition of the awards, including coverage in Le Monde (front page), the International Herald Tribune, the London Daily Telegraph, and Japan's Science and Technology Television Network; expanded reach to primary school audiences, including ongoing presentations by spokespeople at the Smithsonian Institution and selected schools nationwide; fulfillment of national and international requests to incorporate program resources, such as the weekly inventor profiles, into multimedia educational materials; indefinite extension of a program-sponsored interactive kiosk at Disney's Epcot Center; and citations by primary and middle school educational organizations such as Discover Magazine's School Science Program, The Exploratorium's Cool Sites for Kids, and several regional parent's publications.
Douglas Engelbart, inventor of collaborative computing, hypertext, and community network systems and the computer mouse, was awarded the half-million dollar Lemelson-MIT Prize. Gertrude Elion, creator of numerous lifesaving drugs, including two to combat acute leukemia and one to facilitate organ transplantation between nonrelated donors, was honored with the Lemelson-MIT Lifetime Achievement Award. Nathan Kane, an MIT Mechanical Engineering graduate student and inventor of several industrial design innovations, was awarded the $30,000 Lemelson-MIT Student Prize.
The goal of the program this coming year is to strengthen existing relationships, such as with the Smithsonian Institution; to build alliances with relevant internal programs, such as the new Center for Innovation in Product Development; and to cultivate external collaborations with nonprofit and corporate initiatives supporting science and engineering outreach programs. In addition, activities to increase visibility will be targeted to a more select group of publications and media outlets.
More information about the Lemelson-MIT Awards Program can be found on the World Wide Web at the following URL: http://web.mit.edu/invent/
Annemarie Amparo
OFFICE OF COMMUNICATION
The Office of Communication aims to clarify, coordinate, and broadcast key messages that demonstrate the Sloan School's preeminence in management education and research.
In FY97 the office underwent considerable reengineering and reorganizing to make the most efficient use of resources while increasing the visibility of the School. We put in place a system for better managing relations with the news media, coaching faculty and administrators on how to enhance Sloan's image in their contacts with the press. We initiated an effort to improve coordination among Sloan's many program brochures. We conducted a major reevaluation of the School's news magazine, MIT Sloan R.O.I. And we began a much needed overhaul of the Sloan Web site.
Goals for FY98 include:
Creating a consistent body of images, messages, and editorial and design resources upon which program administrators can draw to create or update printed materials.
Developing an all-purpose Sloan brochure that can be used in conjunction with other materials.
Repositioning MIT Sloan R.O.I. so that it better serves the needs of its diverse audiences.
Establishing systems for promoting Sloan internationally.
Devising a Web strategy that makes information on Sloan easier to access and that ensures consistent and orderly maintenance of the School's many Web pages.
More information about the Office of Communication can be found on the World Wide Web at the following URL: http://web.mit.edu/sloan/resources/comm.html
Mary Schaefer, David Brittan
SLOAN TECHNOLOGY SERVICES
Sloan Technology Services (STS) works to create partnerships among faculty, staff, students, and corporations dedicated to the support of teaching and the best uses of IT, innovation and implementation of new technologies, lifelong learning, and changing infrastructure within an electronic community.
STS undertook a number of new initiatives during FY97:
Support for student laptop computers. Students can now use the machines throughout Sloan buildings without our having to manually assign/reassign IP addresses.
Increased support for faculty research. One full-time STS staff member (with a PhD in Statistics) is now assigned to research support, and a new lab with Unix, Mac, and NT systems was opened for PhD students. The Trading Room was officially opened in spring 1996 and one or two half-time research assistants provide database and other research support to faculty and students. More efforts are needed in this area to provide faculty with the level of support of other major business schools.
Development and incorporation of Web-based course management software. Work was started to incorporate the Web into on-campus and remote Sloan classes with the use of course management software to "standardize" Web pages for Sloan classes, facilitate group on-line discussions, support a schoolwide calendar, and encourage asynchronous dialogues.
New distance learning and videoconferencing programs. Faculty have taught and co-taught, hosted office hours, spoken at conferences and consulted over video. The Sloan Live series offered lunchtime videoconferences to alums and allowed remote participants to ask questions after short faculty presentations. Professor Robert McKersie taught a Web-based class on negotiation to some 30 alums around the world. Sloan faculty, staff, and students have participated in more than 400 videoconferences since January 1996.
Plans for FY98 include: the building of an electronic learning community (and its related infrastructure) for prospective students, current students, faculty, staff, alums, and partner companies through the use of technologies such as videoconferencing, audioconferencing, and the Web; improved teaching and learning through the use of technology; more standardization of faculty, staff, and students' hardware and software (including a phase-out of support for Macs); increased faculty research support; and improved administrative systems.
SLOAN MANAGEMENT REVIEW
Sloan Management Review is a peer-reviewed management journal that disseminates research from the top business schools, with the dual purpose of affecting management practice and publicizing the Sloan School. SMR has had a good year. Revenues, profits, circulation size, and citation levels exceeded expectations and were at an all-time high.
Finances: The journal is closing FY1997 with revenues of $1.6 million and earned operating profits of over $800,000. We were able to contribute over $400,000 to the School's operating expenses.
Circulation: SMR's paid circulation is now over 21,000, up 4 percent from last year despite significant price increases. Renewal rates are holding steady at 54 percent.
Impact: SMR's citation and impact ratings, measured by the Social Science Citation Index, were higher than ever. It was ranked 7th in management journals. (Until last year, it had been ranked 13th or 14th.) Only one managerially directed journal has a higher ranking. In addition, permissions and reprints sales continue to grow.
Editorial: Eighty-one percent of the academically generated articles came from top-20 business schools; of those, six were from MIT faculty. Well-known authors included Edgar Schein, Thomas Malone, Wanda Orlikowski, John Rockart, Erik Brynjolfsson, Lynne Markus, Henry Mintzberg, Leonard Berry, Hau Lee, D. Quinn Mills, Thomas Davenport, James Brian Quinn, and John Sviokla. This year we introduced a new department, Executive Briefings, which has been received enthusiastically by readers.
In the coming year, we plan to redesign the journal, add another new editorial department, update our electronic offerings, and continue to increase revenues from permissions, reprints, and advertising. Revenues, profits, and circulation numbers are projected to go up modestly.
Sarah Cliffe
MIT Reports to the President 1996-97
|
||||||||
7733
|
dbpedia
|
3
| 8
|
https://www.kofiannanfoundation.org/news/kofi-annan-scholars-2021-2022/
|
en
|
Introducing the Kofi Annan Scholars 2021-2022
|
[
"https://www.facebook.com/tr?id=1624333875029312&ev=PageView&noscript=1",
"https://www.kofiannanfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/logo-kofi-annan-foundation.svg",
"https://www.kofiannanfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/UN_Multilateralism.jpeg",
"https://www.kofiannanfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/kofi-annan-scholars-2022-2023-1024x640.jpg",
"https://www.kofiannanfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/logo-kofi-annan-foundation.svg",
"https://www.kofiannanfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/UN_Multilateralism.jpeg",
"https://www.kofiannanfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/kofi-annan-scholars-2022-2023-1024x640.jpg",
"https://www.kofiannanfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/kofi-annan-scholars-2022-2023.jpg",
"https://www.kofiannanfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/The-Kofi-Annan-NextGen-Democracy-Prize-2023-Finalists-768x480.jpg",
"https://www.kofiannanfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Regional-Conference-UMYDY-East-Africa-June-2024-3-768x512.jpg",
"https://www.kofiannanfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Ghana_Elections_DelaliAdoglaBessa_Shutterstock_editorial-use-only-768x439.jpg",
"https://www.kofiannanfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/cyon-hosting-logo.svg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Kofi Annan Foundation"
] |
2021-10-20T14:34:51+00:00
|
We are delighted to announce the new cohort of Kofi Annan scholars of the Weidenfeld-Hoffman graduate programme at Mansfield College, Oxford.
|
en
|
Kofi Annan Foundation
|
https://www.kofiannanfoundation.org/news/kofi-annan-scholars-2021-2022/
|
We are delighted to present the 2021-2022 cohort of Kofi Annan scholars of the Weidenfeld-Hoffmann graduate programme at Mansfield College, Oxford.
These fully-funded scholarships have been named in honour of Kofi Annan, a figure whose name provides inspiration and honour to those in receipt of it, and which reflects the intended purpose of the scholarships – educating people to make the world a better place. Through these scholarships, Mansfield College aims to inspire and transform the world view of the recipients in a similar way to Kofi Annan’s recounting of his experience as a student at Macalester College.
“With Kofi Annan’s deep commitment to education for the benefit of international peace, collaboration and development, and our proud link with him, we could think of no better name to achieve that intention.”
– Helen Mountfield QC, Principal, Mansfield College.
The Weidenfeld-Hoffmann Scholarships and Leadership Programme aims to provide outstanding university graduates and professionals from developing and emerging economies with the opportunity to pursue studies at the University of Oxford. In addition to their studies, the graduates participate in a tailor-made leadership programme that gives them practical skills and opportunities.
The first-ever cohort of Kofi Annan scholars was announced in 2020. Learn more about the Kofi Annan Scholars.
The Kofi Annan Scholarships of the Weidenfeld-Hoffmann Programme have been made possible thanks to the generosity of Mansfield alumnus, Mr Jan Fischer, of Germany.
|
|||||
7733
|
dbpedia
|
3
| 84
|
https://interact.csom.umn.edu/communitymural/journal.html
|
en
|
Carlson School of Management
|
[
"https://interact.csom.umn.edu/communitymural/img/csom_wdmk.png",
"https://interact.csom.umn.edu/communitymural/img/journal/blank-canvas.jpg",
"https://interact.csom.umn.edu/communitymural/img/journal/partners-in-food-logo.png",
"https://interact.csom.umn.edu/communitymural/img/journal/csom.jpg",
"https://interact.csom.umn.edu/communitymural/img/journal/FamSDHomestead-vert.jpg",
"https://interact.csom.umn.edu/communitymural/img/journal/FamSDHomestead.jpg",
"https://interact.csom.umn.edu/communitymural/img/journal/aug5-1.jpg",
"https://interact.csom.umn.edu/communitymural/img/journal/aug5-2.jpg",
"https://interact.csom.umn.edu/communitymural/img/journal/aug7-1.jpg",
"https://interact.csom.umn.edu/communitymural/img/journal/aug7-2.jpg",
"https://interact.csom.umn.edu/communitymural/img/journal/aug12-1.jpg",
"https://interact.csom.umn.edu/communitymural/img/journal/aug12-2.jpg",
"https://interact.csom.umn.edu/communitymural/img/journal/aug12-3.jpg",
"https://interact.csom.umn.edu/communitymural/img/journal/aug12-4.jpg",
"https://interact.csom.umn.edu/communitymural/img/journal/aug28-1.jpg",
"https://interact.csom.umn.edu/communitymural/img/journal/aug28-2.jpg",
"https://interact.csom.umn.edu/communitymural/img/journal/sept12-1.jpg",
"https://interact.csom.umn.edu/communitymural/img/journal/sept19-1.jpg",
"https://interact.csom.umn.edu/communitymural/img/journal/sept19-2.jpg",
"https://interact.csom.umn.edu/communitymural/img/journal/sept25-1.jpg",
"https://interact.csom.umn.edu/communitymural/img/journal/oct3-1.jpg",
"https://interact.csom.umn.edu/communitymural/img/journal/oct5-1.jpg",
"https://interact.csom.umn.edu/communitymural/img/journal/oct5-2.jpg",
"https://carlsonschool.umn.edu/sites/carlsonschool.umn.edu/files/styles/panopoly_image_original/public/media/wdmk_footer.png?itok=2VhNBmxp"
] |
[
"https://www.youtube.com/embed/-wxMDrvqtUI?rel=0&showinfo=0"
] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
en
|
http://twin-cities.umn.edu/sites/twin-cities.umn.edu/themes/umn_homesite/favicon.ico
| null |
Getting Started
Many students at Carlson today believe in the power of business to improve lives and to make a positive impact. I know, because I’ve met, discussed, debated and explored this issue with many of them-- because they’re my classmates. In fact, it’s this belief that motivated me to enroll into the Carlson School of Management last year. Before business school, I worked in journalism and international development, and throughout all of my life, the arts have run parallel and supported these experiences. Because art is so deeply entrenched in empathy, art has been a way for me to process and understand-- it’s a framework. As a current second year, full time MBA student, I have spent the last year learning the "tools of the trade" in business, like accounting, finance, marketing, and strategy. These tools are the concepts and new frameworks, which when applied appropriately, have the power to improve countless lives in society. As my professor, Toby Nord likes to say, "Business is about solving real problems for real people." This is where the arts and business are similar---both disciplines need innovative thinkers who can create a world no one else has seen.
Business school has taught me to see the world differently, through a new lens and perspective. In creating this painting, I wanted to share what I’ve learned and wanted to help bring to life the ideas I’ve encountered, and to answer the following questions:
What is business as a force for good?
How does it work?
What do future business leaders need to learn?
My creative process falls, roughly, into four categories:
Research & Concepting
Concept Development & Feedback
Preparation & Fine-Tuning
Implementation & Creation
Research & Concepting
Saturday, July 15
Today I drove out of the city from Minnesota to Wisconsin to visit my friend Zoe, a fellow Returned Peace Corps Volunteer. During the drive, I began my "concepting." At the start of any creative project, I find the first step is usually trying to listen to the ideas swirling around in my head and identifying what I need to find out. The assignment is this-- How do I create a painting that represents "Business As a Force for Good?"
When I think about what "business" means, one thing I know to be true is that we must remember that it’s all around us. Whether we think about it or not, we are all a part of this "marketplace" where we buy products and services that we believe will add the most value to our lives. For example, last time I visited Zoe, she remarked about her two pet ferrets, Koki and Fox.
"They are expensive, and to honest, can be a lot of time and energy to take care of—but you know what? They bring so much joy to my life." It might seem silly to draw deep insights from musings on owning pet ferrets, but I find this sort of profound! Because I think that’s important to remember-- People spend according to their values, and what we have to spend goes beyond money. It’s about time and energy as well, and spending those things to bring us joy.
At its essence… business is an exchange of value.
Monday, July 17
Partners in Food Solutions (PFS), where I’m interning this summer, has a great origin story. It’s also a great example of "Business for good." The CEO of General Mills was asked by Kofi Annan, Former UN Secretary General, "What are you doing to address food security in Africa?" And the answer to this question, months later, was the creation of PFS. Today, the PFS mission is to "strengthen food security, improve nutrition and increase economic development" across Africa. Spending the summer here has allowed me to expand on work I did as a Peace Corps Volunteer. One of my key takeaways from Peace Corps was an appreciation of the role of business and industry within international development. To achieve significant progress, developing nations need economic opportunities, infrastructure, and employment, and this is where private industry can play a significant role in advancing development. Food scientists and business professionals who volunteer for Partners in Food Solutions are supporting small to mid-sized food processors in Africa, in order to capture more of the food processing value in Africa—this will create more jobs and build a more robust ecosystem for development.
When I asked Jeff Dykstra, the CEO of PFS, "What does business for good mean to you?" he discussed the importance of companies around the world thinking about the long-view, and about how business leaders today are figuring out new, innovative ways to grow their business while simultaneously benefiting the communities in which they operate.
Tuesday, July 18
I read an article today called Shared Value, by Michael Porter, from 2011. The key idea of "Shared Value" is that businesses are able to generate economic value in a way that "also produces value for society by addressing its challenges. A shared value approach reconnects company success with social progress."
This can be accomplished in three ways:
By reconceiving products and markets
Redefining productivity in the value chain
Building supportive industry clusters at the company’s locations
Businesses can also give philanthropically, but that’s not the same thing as embodying a "shared value" approach. With shared value, the collaboration of efforts and creation of value expands into new opportunities for stakeholders—by doing good, Porter argues, a company can actually perform better.
Thursday, July 20
Today I grabbed coffee with Bill Sands. Bill and I first connected over a mutual love of the arts, and through a program he and his wife, Susan, support at Carlson called the "Sands Fellowship," which has assisted socially-minded business students launch over a dozen for-profit ventures ranging from "workforce training for disadvantaged groups, affordable housing, medical devices," etc. Through this program, Bill and Susan Sands have been fast supporters of students coming to business school wanting to make an impact. They wanted to let students know that you can be financially successful by committing yourself to your community.
Over coffee, Bill told me, "I’m sure you’ve heard this, but I’ll say it again, you can do well by doing good—whether that’s in your business or your personal life."
When I asked him about what his hope is for future business leaders, he said "So many people get wrapped up in their cocoons. I hope more students think about leaving the world better than they found it."
Friday, July 21
My colleague, Ginger, a Carlson grad with a background in supply chain said to me today, "Business has surprised me in that everything comes down to people. Sometimes we forget that." Take suppliers for example, how do you choose which supplier to go with? "You want to be fair, but also, you want to like who you work with and know that you are doing business with good people." I keep hearing this theme of good people and building relationships, and about thinking beyond individual roles and responsibilities about how your work affects your local and global community.
Wednesday, July 26
Today I placed the order for my canvas! We decided that spot in the atrium which would make most sense is the empty area just above the funds enterprise classroom-- and that gives me a space of about 15 ft. by 18 ft! They don’t make canvases this large normally. After searching around art supply stores, I realized that the easiest place to get a canvas would be finding a large, 15 by 18 ft canvas drop cloth, like the ones painters use to cover furniture before they paint your house. I can paint that, and it should function just fine as a canvas. Fingers crossed!
Friday, July 28
I Google image searched "Business" today to see what came up, and found stock image photos of "business". I think of an excerpt from Phil Knight, the founder of Nike’s book, "Shoe Dog," where he explains all of the crazy people and decisions he met along the way to build NIke, and that the term "business" is so much more than it’s often described and represented (like it is in these stock photos) he says, "What we were doing felt like so much more. Each new day bought fifty new problems, fifty tough decisions that needed to be made, right now, and we were always acutely aware that one rash move, one wrong decision could be the end. The margin for error was forever getting narrower, while the stakes were forever creeping higher…We wanted, as all great businesses do, to create, to contribute, and we dared to say so aloud. When you make something, when you improve something, when you deliver something, when you add some new thing or service to the lives of strangers, making them happier, or healthier, or safer, or better, and when you do it all crisply and efficiently, smartly, the way everything should be done but so seldom is – you’re participating more fully in the whole grand human drama. More than simply alive, you’re helping others to live more fully, and if that’s business, all right, call me a businessman. Maybe it will grow on me."
Saturday, July 29
In Hill city, going to Igloo, SD to see where my grandfather grew up. On a homestead in an arid and remote, now deserted part of SD. When he was young, he and his mother would buy groceries and carry them the ten miles from town to the homestead. The economy had collapsed. There were no jobs. For the most part, they lived off the land. They couldn’t afford a horse yet, and my grandfather’s shoes would wear out through the cardboard sole he had cut out to reinforce the sole. I compare that to the progress and innovation that I experience. I can’t help but think about progress--- I mean, now Amazon can deliver using drones!
Concept Development & Feedback
Saturday, August 5
Today, I worked on the first study to get a sense of the color and the composition. I think I want to keep the spectrum around maroons and golds, to play with the University of Minnesota colors. Another setting I’d like to include is the lights looking out over the Mississippi river, which is one of my favorite views of West Bank. And I think I’d like the painting to be a little bit abstract—in part because this is going to be huge.
Monday, August 7
A large box arrived on my doorstep today, which I brought inside. When I took it out of the box though and unfold it, I realize it fits my entire apartment!!! We’ll need somewhere else to work on this thing!
Saturday, August 12 – Sketched out Characters
Many paintings have "figures" and "ground." I want there to be figures who embody some of the concepts I’ve been exploring, but also, I want the setting to be local, where Carlson is, as well as highlight the importance of a global perspective. My classmate Priyanka and I were recently discussing how important it is in business school to hear not only from diverse nationalities, but also different backgrounds and industries. Business solutions must be interdisciplinary. I include some initial characters which could express different transactions around the world.
(I am house sitting for my cousin, Sarah this week, and her cat, Simon, helped while I sketch figures in various poses and roles and place them on a canvas.)
Once this version is finished, I can solicit feedback from others—from classmates, family, the communications office and friends. It’s important to find people who will give a real opinion about what they think can be improved.
Showing the first draft is always a little scary!
Sunday, August 27
My friend Alex attended art school in San Francisco, and currently is working as a designer in Los Angeles, and his critique is enormously helpful.
1. Don't waste space!
Your sky and lights are doing nothing to advance your concept - Make better use of that space. Play with scale of your figures and shapes! Put new story elements up there! Don't be a slave to perspective - experiment with ways to tell your story with better / fuller composition.
2. Trust / Use your ideas!
You said you want to challenge the idea of business / evolving that with more humanism -- trading of values. So show it!
Remember that humanity is not just bodies - it is also symbols and icons and cultural ideas. The art conversation since the 70s has been about commerce, media & human identity. Be part of that conversation!
3. Focus your color pallet.
You're beginning to separate the browns/grays at the top form the blues in the middle and the warm reds at the bottom... now it's time to commit! Choose your colors, maybe even write out a description of your color theory for your own reference. and stick to it!
4. Articulate your ideas.
Alex encouraged me to look at the work of three artists for some creative inspiration.
Keith Haring – because of his amazing use of space, striking composition and effective / efficient use of cultural symbols.
Jacob Lawrence – because of his use of figures & color to create narrative flow.
Birthe Morisot – An artist ahead of her time-- Her compositions / sketches are super ahead of her time, especially in her color / blocking.
Week of August 28 – September 1
This time, when I start drawing again, I broke out the painting into thirds, which is usually an aesthetic guideline. There are three "pillars" to sustainability. Social; Environmental; and Economic Impact. That might be an interesting way to break up the painting. What I admired looking at the work of Jacob Lawrence are the interlinking of the figures, the connectivity, which the original design lacked. After several hours, the work started to emerge. The figures began to connect. As I drew, I glanced through my notes, remembering my conversations, and think about articulating the ideas of the piece.
Business is about solving real problems for real people.
Thinking globally.
Driven toward a purpose.
Relationships, relationships, relationships—It’s not about the individual, it’s about the community.
Our community is about food and environment, health and wellness, technology and innovation, and the arts. There are many roles and responsibilities within these industries.
Some aspects to improve:
A stronger skyline
A reference to the historic industry presence in the Twin Cities.
Carlson’s unique positioning within the arts banks and along the cedar riverside community. The setting is local, showcasing the Twin Cities and Carlson’s connectivity to it.
Through this painting, I want to show that although sometimes people think of business as "static people in suits," I want to show how business is dynamic. I wanted to use strong, bold colors and motion to show business is not black and white—business at its best is connected and challenges systems which exist and exploring how things can be done better.
When I finish this version, it feels more alive and vibrant!
Preparation & Fine-Tuning
Thursday, August 31
I purchased the paints I needed today—I decided to start with three 32oz prime colors, and I figure I can always buy more as needed. I have many of the brushes I need, but I bought a few bigger ones, to make up for the space of it. Art Materials on Lyndale is within walking distance from my house, which is extremely convenient.
Friday, September 1
I showed the new painting to the communications department. For dramatic effect, I showed the first version, reviewed what we discussed and then unveiled the new design. The school liked it. I’m excited to get started on the real, large version!
Saturday, September 3 – Found a Studio Space!
We were able to get approval to use the theater on the third floor of the People’s Center Clinic for the painting. Soon the space will be remodeled for office space, but for the next month, it will be my studio! We have the space (At the People’s Center Clinic) starting on Tuesday.
I have the canvas
I have the paints I need
Implementation & Creation
Tuesday, September 5 – Priming
First day of school, and also first day really getting started on the main canvas. When I unfold the canvas in here, it fills the entire stage. Moe shows us how to control the stage lights, and it’s time to get to work! The canvas is raw--- and needs to be primed before I can paint acrylics onto it. For the base, I purchased house paint primer. On smaller canvasses, the common primer is gesso, but housing primer does the trick, too. I used a rolling tray and roller to apply the first coat. I started with one edge, and moved backward, pulling the primer toward myself. I got half way on the first coat. Not bad for one day! Then I slipped back into regular clothes and hurried across the street to class for corporate strategy!
Wednesday, September 6 – Priming
It took two coats to seal the canvas—it’s "thirsty" (meaning it’s soaked in all the primer), which is a good thing. I don’t want it to absorb the more expensive acrylic paint. I end up giving it two coats.
Thursday, September 7 — Measuring
For a painting this large, measuring is crucial. I’ll need to set up a grid to recreate the sketch on this larger canvas. A grid is a common tool used for transferring large images, and because of the sheer scale of the painting, this will help me considerably. My smaller draft is 15 x 18 inches, and the painting is 15 x 18 ft! I used plastic wrap to cover the smaller painting, and drew the gird directly onto the face of the plastic, so I can see the images. Then, I drew the same grid, but on a massive scale, onto the large canvas. It’s important to be meticulous when measuring. One miscalculation here could cause me real headaches down the road. This process takes a few days.
Saturday, September 9 – Sketching
Once the grid was drawn, I began to fill in the squares with the shapes and lines on the smaller canvas. I try not to think of the forms as figures because otherwise my brain plays tricks on me.
"No way his head’s that big." I thought, "Oh but it is," I had to tell myself, "It is that big!" Sometimes, if my brain is really confusing me about the dimensions, I sketch the shapes upside down in an attempt to turn off what my left brain tells me is true. This is a useful way to let your right brain drive the action.
Tuesday, September 12 — Colors
Today I the first day of adding color to the canvas. The painting process to me is like a pyramid. I start with the base and then build the forms on top of it, block by block until it’s the top, which are the details. That part is often the most fun. I like to start from solid based colors—the dominant colors of a section. The painting is essentially maroon and gold base, so those go on first. Acrylic when mixed with water is transparent enough to see the pencil lines, so I know where I’m going. The colors are bold and striking, especially from the second level of the theater. It’s fun to watch this come to life again—but so big!
Saturday, September 16
My arms are sore today—painting murals might be a great workout regimen.
Most of the mid-tones have been added to the figures. I have been painting color by color—one day, a deep maroon. I walked over the painting, careful for the wet areas, and moved from area to area, deciding which spots needed that color. The painting is safe to walk on. Acrylic dries quickly, which makes it a forgiving medium with which to work. Scurrying over this large canvas, I feel like a mouse on such a large space. I step carefully though to avoid wet spots. (But there might be a few footprints left behind.) Bit by bit, and block by block the figures emerged. The suits became deep indigos and violets. As the figures came to life, wearing their professional garments, I try to design outfits which would be commendable by the Graduate Business Career Center, the folks who advise us before interviews and networking receptions. I add ties and accessories to each individual. The skin and hair tones of the figures range from oranges to pinks, and reds and violets representing the range of people and backgrounds found at Carlson and in our greater community.
Tuesday, September 19
I’m getting to the part of the painting process where sometimes I correct and recorrect what I’ve already done. I do this when I first arrive, because having fresh eyes helps me see what connects and what doesn’t. You want the figures to "stand alone" but also feel connected to the larger piece.
Monday, September 25
I’m getting pretty close to the end! I can see where darks need to be darker and where lights need to be lighter. I applied second layers of painting to any areas which should be bolder. To the city, I added lights in the windows, and a glowing rim around the Gold Medal Flour sign-- overlooking the Stone Arch Bridge. To the physician, I gave a stethoscope, a device to help her check the heartbeat of her young patient, and to the farmer, I gave a rake, which he can use to work the soil, growing food for our community. The environmental side challenges me because I want the colors to tie back to the other side, the golden tones are important. I had it as rows of corn and fields, but I thought it might be too much green. I wanted it to tie in with the rest of the painting, so maybe I need more gold…
Tuesday, October 3 — Finishing it up
I decided to add in more gold by adding flowers. I like that the colors help to tie and balance the colors and shapes on the opposite end of the painting. Also, the sunflowers stand out now, and weigh out the lights from the bridge on the upper left corner.
Thursday, October 5 — Adding a signature
I started the painting exactly a month ago. It’s come a long way since then! I get to step away and see the painting as a whole. When I used to teach painting classes, I would tell my students, the two hardest strokes are the first and the last. Getting started can feel overwhelming—staring at a black canvas. But perhaps harder still is knowing when you’re done and when it’s finished. Stepping away from the painting, I looked at the figures, the places in the community, and the values this work represents. A successful painting should draw the eye and achieve a harmony and balance. Today, I put the final mark, my signature, on the painting!
There’s a quote I like from Fyodor Dostoevsky which says, "At first, art imitates life. Then life will imitate art. Then life will find its very existence from the arts." It is business leaders who will create the innovative solutions necessary to solve the problems of tomorrow. To do so, we need knowledge, skills, diverse perspectives and creativity. These are the factors which make business a force for good.
Video: The installation of the mural
|
||||||
7733
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 25
|
https://www.collegematchpoint.com/college-matchpoint-blog/2016/5/college-spotlight-mit
|
en
|
College Spotlight: MIT
|
[
"https://lirp.cdn-website.com/6db53688/dms3rep/multi/opt/CollegeMP-WideLogo-Color-600px-1920w.png",
"https://lirp.cdn-website.com/6db53688/dms3rep/multi/opt/CollegeMP-WideLogo-Color-1200px-1920w.png",
"https://lirp.cdn-website.com/6db53688/dms3rep/multi/opt/by-nc-nd-1920w.png",
"https://lirp.cdn-website.com/6db53688/dms3rep/multi/opt/CollegeMP-logo+icon-1920w.png",
"https://www.facebook.com/tr?id=1364941904031933&ev=PageView&noscript=1"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Josh Neimark"
] |
2016-05-23T15:06:32
|
College planners and education consultants in Austin, Texas offer help with finding a college, writing college essays, and college planning.
|
en
|
https://irp.cdn-website.com/6db53688/site_favicon_16_1707231600084.ico
|
https://www.collegematchpoint.com/college-matchpoint-blog/2016/5/college-spotlight-mit
|
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) is located in Cambridge, MA, across the Charles River from downtown Boston. An urban setting, the 168-acre campus hosts a variety of architectural styles, from neoclassical to modernist. Ranked 7th among national universities by US News, MIT's acceptance rate is less than 8%. At our recent tour, an admissions officer said, "It's amazing how many absolutely amazing students we say 'no' to. Here's what I know--the world is going to be a great place because young people today are doing such great things. I also want to remind you that there are many fantastic colleges out there. You are going to do very well whether you come here or not."
Students who do manage to earn a coveted spot at this illustrious school seem happy, and the school boasts a 98% freshman retention rate. And while only freshman are required to live on campus, approximately 70% of students remain on campus for all four years. Each of the 11 campus dorms has a unique personality, from a "maker" dorm (which builds a fully-functional roller-coaster each year) to the party dorm. Some floors within dorms have even established a culture, and students often will live in the same place for their college tenure. 20% of students participate in Greek life, but with more than 500 eclectic clubs to choose from--beekeeping, underwater hockey, and a chocolate lab, to name a few--the social scene is active. The campus seems to live up to its reputation for both working and playing hard. And to ensure that its students make time to unwind, the school shuts down all classes and academic meetings from 5-7 each day.
The social scene pales in comparison to the academics at MIT. Operating on a 4/1/4 schedule, the school makes a concerted effort to help freshman students find their footing. All first semester courses are Pass/No Credit and second semester classes can earn an A, B, C, or No Credit. And since students are accepted without needing to declare a major, they are allowed ample time to explore a variety of subjects before settling on a field of study. Of the 5 schools that make up the university, Engineering is the largest, followed by Science, which includes math. One of the most notable features of an MIT education is its unparalleled access to undergraduate research.
Through its unique Undergraduate Research Opportunity Programs (UROP), students can apply for research positions (taking pay or school credit for the work) alongside MIT professors. Many students complete more than one UROP, and they are not limited to projects within their major (a computer science major with a chemical engineering interest may pursue a drug delivery project, for example). Students are encouraged by the (very involved) faculty to take ownership of their learning, and students may cross-register at Harvard for any class that MIT doesn't offer. With a student-to-faculty ratio of 8:1, students and professors work closely--we observed a number of faculty/student interactions walking around campus, even witnessing one professor stopping a student and encouraging him not to abandon a research project.
Fast Facts:
Tuition & Fees: $46,704 (Room & Board is $13,730)
Enrollment: 4,512 students; 54% male, 46% female
Graduate programs include the School of Engineering and Sloan School of Management
More than 65% of classes have fewer than 20 students
4-year graduation rate: 81%
Applicants are expected to have ALL high A's in the most rigorous classes, mid-50% SAT scores are 750-800 for math and 690-790 for reading; mid-50% ACT composite is 33-35 (ACT and SAT superscored); 2 subject tests required (including Math 2 and Science)
Applications are read 3 times; interview is important and should be set up in MIT portal by October 21
High grades and impressive scores aside, the school seeks students with deep passions and who work well with others. The word "kindness" was mentioned by admissions staff
Fun Facts:
Students compete in more than 30 NCAA Division III teams; mascot is beaver, chosen for its engineering skills
One of most unique dorms is called "The Sponge," and was designed by Steven Holl
Since 1929, each class has designed a ring, dubbed the "Brass Rat"
MIT has produced 9 Nobel Laureates, including Eric Lander of the Human Genome Project
Students can earn a highly coveted Pirate's License/Certificate for taking PE classes in pistol, archery, sailing and fencing
Notable alum include UN Secretary Kofi Annan, Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke, Astronaut Buzz Aldrin, and Khan Academy Founder Salman Kahn
|
|||||
7733
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 71
|
https://playback.fm/person/kofi-annan
|
en
|
Spouse, Children, Birthday & More
|
https://playback.fm/share-image?text=Kofi Annan
|
https://playback.fm/share-image?text=Kofi Annan
|
[
"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Kofi_Annan_2012_(cropped).jpg?width=300",
"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Nane%20Annan.jpg?width=64",
"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Kojo%20Annan%20during%20Kofi%20Annan%27s%20funeral%20in%20Ghana.jpg?width=64",
"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Kronum%20Kumasi%202018-11-08%20%28130246%29.jpg?width=64",
"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Mycobacterium%20tuberculosis.jpg?width=64",
"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/UN%20building%2C%20Geneva.jpg?width=64",
"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/RIAN%20archive%20828797%20Mikhail%20Gorbachev%20addressing%20UN%20General%20Assembly%20session.jpg?width=64",
"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Economics%20circular%20flow%20cartoon.jpg?width=64",
"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Lietuvas%20parlamenta%20priek%C5%A1s%C4%93d%C4%93t%C4%81ja%20viz%C4%ABte%20Latvij%C4%81.jpg?width=64",
"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Kevin%20Dowd.jpg?width=64",
"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Viena%20kongres%201814.jpg?width=64",
"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/General%20Assembly%20of%20the%20United%20Nations.jpg?width=64",
"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Ant%C3%B3nio%20Guterres%2C%2023.03.23.jpg?width=64",
"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/AAAS%20exterior%201%20-%20Cambridge%2C%20MA.JPG?width=64",
"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Beach%20with%20palms%20Ghana.jpg?width=64",
"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/William%20Shakespeare%20-%20Sonnet%20XXX%20-%20Rapenburg%2030%2C%20Leiden%20%28cropped%29.JPG?width=64",
"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/JO199411392.png?width=64",
"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/William%20Shakespeare%20-%20Sonnet%20XXX%20-%20Rapenburg%2030%2C%20Leiden%20%28cropped%29.JPG?width=64",
"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/MITSloanE62Front.jpg?width=64",
"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/IHEID%20001.JPG?width=64",
"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/MIT%20Main%20Apr09.JPG?width=64",
"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/GenevaUniversity.JPG?width=64",
"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Macalester%20Old%20Main.jpg?width=64",
"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/KNUST%20main%20entrance%20with%20Kwame%20Nkrumah%20Memorial%20Park.jpg?width=64",
"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Mfantsipim%20school.jpg?width=64",
"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Kruis%20van%20een%20Ridder%20in%20de%20Orde%20van%20de%20Nederlandse%20Leeuw.jpg?width=64",
"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Grootofficier%20van%20het%20Legioen%20van%20Eer.jpg?width=64",
"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Riband%20of%20the%20Grand%20Cross%20Grade%20of%20the%20Order%20of%20Isabella%20the%20Catholic%20%28Male%29.svg?width=64",
"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Dostik%201kl.jpg?width=64",
"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Norwegian%20Red%20Cross%20logo.svg?width=64",
"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Star-of-Romania-Order-Collar.jpg?width=64",
"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Grand%20Cross%20Star%20Order%20Sun%20Peru%20AEACollections.jpg?width=64",
"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/J%20mudrogo.jpg?width=64",
"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Universidad%20de%20Alcal%C3%A1%2C%20escudo.jpg?width=64",
"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Grand%20Cordon%20of%20the%20Order%20of%20the%20Rising%20Sun.png?width=64",
"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%201.png?width=64",
"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Order%20Zas%C5%82ugi%20RP%20-The%20Grand%20Cross.jpg?width=64",
"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Chain%20of%20order%20of%20liberty%20of%20portugal.jpg?width=64",
"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Insignia%2C%20Grand%20Cross%20and%20Star%20of%20the%20Order%20of%20Isabella%20the%20Catholic.svg?width=64",
"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Star-of-Romania-Order-Collar.jpg?width=64",
"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/GCMG%20star.jpg?width=64",
"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LuladaSilvaeJohnKufuor.JPG?width=64",
"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/850th%20anniversary%20of%20Moscow.JPG?width=64",
"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Orde%20van%20de%20Goede%20Hoop%20Zuid%20Afrika.jpg?width=64",
"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Chevalier%20of%20the%20Order%20of%20the%20Golden%20Heart.svg?width=64",
"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Commandeur%20Ordre%20Mono%20Togo%20AEACollections.jpg?width=64",
"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Philadelphia%20Liberty%20Medal.png?width=64",
"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Bundes-Verdienstmedaille.JPG?width=64",
"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Medal%20Nobel%20Peace%20Prize.jpg?width=64",
"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Mars%20symbol.svg?width=64",
"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/AAAS%20exterior%201%20-%20Cambridge%2C%20MA.JPG?width=64",
"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Lutherbibel.jpg?width=64"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
Find out where Kofi Annan was born, their birthday and details about their professions, education, religion, family and other life details and facts.
|
en
|
Playback.fm
|
https://playback.fm/person/kofi-annan
|
Fame Ranking
What does "Most Famous" mean? Unlike other sites which use current mentions, follower counts, etc. that tend to call the most famous people YouTube stars or Reality TV stars, we've decided to mark fame as a persons importance in history. We've conducted research scouring millions of historical references to determine the importance of people in History. That being said, we might have missed a few people here and there. The ranking system is a continuing work in progress - if you happen to feel like someone is misranked or missing, please shoot us a message!
Fame Ranking
What does "Most Famous" mean? Unlike other sites which use current mentions, follower counts, etc. that tend to call the most famous people YouTube stars or Reality TV stars, we've decided to mark fame as a persons importance in history. We've conducted research scouring millions of historical references to determine the importance of people in History. That being said, we might have missed a few people here and there. The ranking system is a continuing work in progress - if you happen to feel like someone is misranked or missing, please shoot us a message!
|
|||
7733
|
dbpedia
|
0
| 87
|
https://www.encyclopedia.com/people/social-sciences-and-law/united-nations-biographies/kofi-atta-annan
|
en
|
Encyclopedia.com
|
[
"https://www.encyclopedia.com/themes/custom/trustme/images/header-logo.jpg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
"Get information",
"facts",
"and pictures",
"about Kofi Atta Annan",
"at Encyclopedia.com",
"Make",
"research",
"projects",
"and school reports",
"about Kofi Atta Annan",
"easy",
"with credible",
"articles",
"from our FREE",
"online encyclopedia and dictionary"
] | null |
[] | null |
Kofi Atta Annan [1] 1938— Secretary General of the United Nations [2] On December 18, 1996, the clink of raised champagne glasses rang through the United Nations [3] (UN) headquarters in New York [4] City.
|
en
|
/sites/default/files/favicon.ico
|
https://www.encyclopedia.com/people/social-sciences-and-law/united-nations-biographies/kofi-atta-annan
|
Kofi Atta Annan 1938–
United Nations Secretary General
Started Public Service Early
A Career for Life
Rose Towards Secretary General Post
Sources
“Image not available for copyright reasons”
On December 18, 1996, the clink of raised champagne glasses rang through the United Nations (UN) headquarters in New York City. The celebration was to honor incoming Secretary General Kofi Annan, the first black African ever to have held the difficult job. His election was greeted with genuine pleasure by UN insiders, who admire him for his unswerving integrity, his cool judgement in the toughest emergencies, and his ability to learn valuable lessons from every situation in which he finds himself. His colleagues had plenty of time to assess Annan’s strengths. Other than a two-year period in the mid-1970s when he returned to his native Ghana to run the Tourism Control Board, Annan has devoted his entire career to the international organization.
During Annan’s 35 years of life in UN service, the number of troubled areas all over the world has soared. Governments have toppled in Africa; blood has stained highly-coveted lands in Europe; Soviet Communism has collapsed, and with it, the grim wall separating East and West Berlin. Each change has left in its wake a flood of desperate refugees who depend on the UN for basic humanitarian aid such as food, shelter and medical services.
The huge challenges of assessing these urgent needs, working out suitable strategies for humanitarian aid, and helping to keep peace between warring factions everywhere have taken Annan all over the world. By turns he has visited Iraq, Bosnia, Somalia, Rwanda, Ghana, Ethiopia, Egypt, and Switzerland. Along the way he has gained a comfortable familiarity with English, French, and several African languages. Constant traveling has also taught him a great deal about the ancient traditions by which many people live, and the ways in which they buckle when changes overwhelm them. Well-versed in several ways of life besides his own, he can truly be seen as a citizen of the world.
Started Public Service Early
Kofi Annan spent his boyhood years in Africa’s Gold Coast, which was then shedding its 70-year-old status as a British crown colony in favor of an up-to-the minute identity as an independent West African country named Ghana. The country’s mood about the future was optimistic
At a Glance…
Born April 8, 1938; married (1), divorced; married (2) Nane Cronstedt, 1984; children, one son, one daughter, one stepdaughter. Education: Macalester College, St. Paul, Minn, B.Econ. 1959-61; Institut des Institut des Hautes Etudes Internationale, Switzerland, 1961-62; Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 71-72, Sloan Fellow, MSc Mgmt.
World Health Organization, administrative and budget officer, 1962; Ghana Tourism Control Board, managing director, 1974-76; United Nations Office of Personnel Services, New York, NY, deputy chief of staff services, 1976-80; United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (UNHCR), deputy director of administration and head of personnel, Geneva, Switzerland, 1980-83; United Nations Office of Finance, dir. of budget, 1984-87; United Nations Office of Human Resources Mgmt secretary general, 1987-90; United Nations assistant secretary general for program planning, 1990-92; United Nations budget and finance controller, 1992-1993; United Nations undersecretary for peacekeeping, 1993-1996; United Nations secretary-general, 1996-.
and young Annan was right in step. A self-confident leader even as a teenager, he undertook his first successful human rights mission while at boarding school, participating in a hunger strike to protest the poor quality of the food there.
That first experience as an activist was so satisfying that Annan continued to take an interest in public service after he entered Ghana’s University of Science and Technology, where he studied economics. In 1957, while serving as vice president of the Ghana Students’ Union, he happened to visit Sierre Leone for a meeting of student leaders. There he caught the attention of a talent scout from the Ford Foundation’s Foreign Students Leadership Project. A scholarship swiftly followed, and Annan was soon on his way to the United States to finish his economics degree at Macalester College in St. Paul, Minnesota.
A Career for Life
Annan graduated in 1961, but did not return to his homeland. Instead he became a staff member at the United Nations, embarking upon a series of jobs that gave him valuable experience in the two vitally important areas of finance and human resources management. The first rung of the UN ladder took him to Geneva, Switzerland, where he became a budget administration officer for the World Health Organization. Next, after acquiring a master’s degree in management at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology during 1971-72, he spent four years in the UN’s Office of Personnel Services in New York. In 1980, he went back to Switzerland, where he spent the following three years as head of personnel for the United Nations’ High Commissioner for Human Rights (UNHCR).
The UNHCR is often the only place in which refugees in war-ravaged countries can turn for help with such basic necessities as food and medical care. During 1980 to 1983, the years Annan spent there, its staff members left the Geneva headquarters for Bangladesh, Cambodia, Indonesia, and Hong Kong; they were also sent to Italy, Greece, and Iraq. All in all, UNHCR personnel were able to ease the suffering of more than three million terrified refugees.
While the daily catalog of international anguish was enough to spur Annan to work as hard as possible, even more incentive came from his friendship with Nane Cronstedt, a lawyer who became his second wife in 1984. The inspiration came from Cronstedt’s family background. She was a niece of the revered Raoul Wallenberg, a Swedish diplomat who had snatched 5,000 Jews from Adolph Hitler’s death camps during World War II. Though a 35-year span separated Wallenberg’s mysterious 1945 disappearance in Russia and his niece’s friendship with Annan, his wartime bravery was still a matter of breathless awe for Annan.
Annan felt a special message for humanity was present in Wallenberg’s selfless heroism. It began, he felt, with the diplomat’s pivotal role as a bystander who had been free to choose whether he would turn a blind eye to the Nazis or fight them. Unmoved by his personal danger, Wallenberg had chosen to sacrifice himself rather than turn his back on the agony of Hitler’s trapped and helpless human targets. Annan believed the whole wartime saga provided an important example of immortal integrity. “His kind of intervention gives hope to the victims, encourages them to fight and resist, helps them to hang on and bear witness, and hopefully arouses our collective conscience,” Annan remarked in 1997, while opening a monument to Wallenberg in London.
Rose Towards Secretary General Post
In January of 1993, after a year as assistant secretary general for Peacekeeping Operations, Annan was promoted to the top post. Now, as under secretary, he held authority over 80,000 troops, dispatching them anywhere they were needed in order to spare lives and restore calm between warring factions. At that time, the UN had 13 peacekeeping missions in progress. Longest-standing was the Middle East operation, which had been monitoring the sporadic Arab-Israeli ceasefires since 1948. Thereafter, in chronological order, came UN observation on the tense India-Pakistan border, dating back to January of 1949; the same kind of operation in Cyprus, Greece (initiated in March of 1964); the Golan Heights (1974) and Lebanon (1978). In the scant two years since the beginning of the 1990s, the UN had also become a formidable presence on the Iraq-Kuwait border, as well as in Angola, El Salvador, Cambodia, and Mozambique. Other urgent missions were appearing on the horizons of Eastern Europe’s former Yugoslavia and Somalia, the land that sits directly on the horn of the African continent.
Annan was well-acquainted with the problems of Somalia—a rudderless state that had existed since without a government since the toppling of President Siad Barre in 1991. Somalia had begun to writhe in the grip of power struggles by so many opposition parties that the entire infrastructure of the country had been completely destroyed. In a country with a literacy rate of only 20 percent, the lack of expertise in engineering made replacement impossible, so the loss of the public buildings, bridges, and roads was an inestimable loss. But a far greater tragedy was the smell of death that hung in the air. In just the six months between September of 1991 and March of 1992, the Mogadishu area alone had suffered the injury of 27,000 people and an estimated 14,000 more had been killed.
As if the civil war was not enough for Somalis to bear, their problems were further complicated by a persistent drought. News reports everywhere showed long lines of emaciated people streaming desperately out of the country in search of food. By September of 1992, an estimated 500,000 refugees had poured into neighboring Ethiopia, with an additional 300,000 flooding into Kenya; 65,000 heading for Yemen; and about 115,000 scattered elsewhere.
During the month of August, the UN spearheaded a famine relief operation for the 1.5 million people who were teetering dangerously on the edge of starving to death. By early November, the UNHCR was ready to launch a large-scale rescue operation called UNO-SOM, which consisted of setting up camps just outside the country to feed about 65,000 Somalian refugees. Yet even though the UN was quickly flying in the most capacious emergency food stores that could be supplied, the suffering Somalis could not rest easily.
In Mogadishu and other major cities, the unarmed victims were often chased away by looting bandits, who had dusted off the weapons the country had received in the early 1980s to give it greater power in a territorial struggle against Ethiopia. Now, as the coveted grain and flour steadily disappeared into the bandits’ hands, the UN saw only one solution—to augment the 500 Pakistani soldiers previously authorized by Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali. Before long another 3,500 troops were on their way to Africa.
Because the United States was seen by Somalis as the only country capable of staving off the inevitable national tragedy, on November 21, 1992, U.S. president George Bush also sent military units to Somalia. Arriving under the banner of “Operation Restore Hope,” the first troops landed on December 9, to be joined for a New Year’s Day visit by President Bush himself. By mid-January the number of foreign troops in the country was soaring towards the 18,000 troops from 21 nations, and phase two of the operation called United Nations Operations Somalia, or UNOSOMII, was under way, with the hope that the leaderless country would be turned over to United Nations control by May 4, 1993.
But under the influence of a faction leader named Mohammed Farah Aideed, the gratitude of the Somalis began to turn to resentment and a fear that the foreign troops were heralding a return to the British and Italian colonial influence that the country had experienced in the early years of the century. Seizing the opportunity to consolidate his power, in June of 1993, Aideed attacked and killed 25 UN soldiers. At this point, the United States decided to curtail its interest in Somalia.
United Nations troops being bound by the United Nations Charter, they had traditionally gone on peacekeeping missions. By these terms, UN troops were usually kept in place by agreement of both conflicting parties and were armed only to an extent that would permit them to defend themselves or their equipment. The situation in Somalia, however, was different. Somalia boasted neither government nor rulers to consult, and no well defined conflicting parties existed that could be mediated. Therefore, the UN troops had no outside authority to mediate their actions.
For the first time in history, the UN Security Council sent their auxiliary troops into a conflict situation buttressed by a UN Charter mandate. This meant they were allowed to act as peacemarkers rather than as mere peacekeepers. By UN decree, they were authorized to force Somalia to accept peace, even if they had to fight to achieve it. The alteration in UN Charter mandate made this present peacekeeping force the most aggressive in the history of the United Nations. Furthermore, since 26 of the organization’s 41 missions had been mounted since 1989, controlling the forces and their movements was becoming an ever-mounting challenge that the Peacekeeping Department was not equipped to handle. Annan set out to remedy this situation by instituting a streamlining effort.
First came a situation center to monitor the department’s international operations around the clock. In 1993, when it was established, this office consisted of eight military officers and two telephones placed in a Manhattan office. By the end of 1995, however, with 17 peacekeeping missions in progress, it was staffed by 120 officers, serving as ultimate backup to 70,000 peacekeeping soldiers worldwide.
In a second innovation, Annan sought support from member nations who were prepared to contribute troops and equipment for standby duty, in case peacekeeping efforts should be needed for a sudden emergency. The high regard in which he is held was soon obvious, when, by the end of November, 1996, 62 of the 185 members had agreed to provide some 80,000 standby troops between them. Annan also created a “lessons learned” unit within the Department of Peacekeeping Operations to make sure that all phases of each operation are discussed, evaluated and broadened further by interaction with other UN departments. Annan hoped the new departmental wing would improve future operations and minimize avoidable mistakes.
Supervising all these innovations made a tight work schedule for Annan. Nevertheless, his workload became greater still in November of 1995, when Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali appointed him special representative to the former Yugoslavia, a European territory soon to become familiar as Bosnia-Herzegovina. This mission posed a grave responsibility for Annan, who had been asked to coordinate a smooth transition of international peacekeepers from United Nations forces to NATO military units.
Like Somalia, Bosnia-Herzegovina was an international symbol of raw tragedy. Its two principal population groups, the Serbs and the Croats, had been at war over possession of this area ever since the breakup of the Socialist Federated Republic of Yugoslavia in 1991. In the course of a conflict that would eventually cost between 250,000 and 300,000 lives, they had brought such concepts as “ethnic cleansing,” back into the limelight from the shadows of World War II, updating them for the 1990s by “rationalizing” the expulsion and wholesale murder of the Bosnian Muslims. The slow torment of Bosnia-Herzegovina led first to an arms embargo from the United Nations Security Council in September of 1991, then, in May of 1992, to the arrival of peacekeeping and humanitarian forces, who brought sanitation, water, and electricity to the city of Sarajevo’s residents.
While this desperately-needed aid was offered without reservation, it came at a high cost to the UN itself. When accompanied by the humanitarian aid that is part of the United Nations service, peacekeeping is an exercise so expensive that by 1994 the annual budget had reached a whopping $3.3 billion. And, generous as it seemed, escalating crises all over the world were stretching this money so thin that the organization was sinking dangerously into debt.
A sinking monetary bottom line was one reason that the UN decided to pass the Bosnian peacekeeping burden on to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). But this was only part of the story. Equally important was the fact that NATO forces are solely dedicated to defense by military means. This single focus was sorely needed in Bosnia-Herzegovina, where the fragile “peace” could be more accurately described as a sullen ceasefire. In November of 1995, UN Secretary-General Boutros-Ghali asked Annan to go to Bosnia to handle the details of withdrawing UN forces and settling NATO forces in their place. It was a difficult task to accomplish. Nevertheless, with his characteristic energy and efficiency, Annan managed to achieve it within four months and returned to his post at the UN by March of 1996.
Meanwhile, Secretary General Boutros-Ghali was nearing the end of his five-year term of office, and his re-election, though acceptable to many of the UN’s 185 members, was far from a done deal with the United States. Though swimming against the tide of public opinion, U.S. ambassador Madeleine Albright quickly made her country’s objections known to the UN Security Council, one of the most influential groups of policy-makers in the world.
The Council itself consists of five permanent members, plus ten who are voted onto the body periodically. Each of the permanent five-China, United Kingdom, France, Russia, and the United States-has the power of veto over all other votes, a power Albright was now exercising. Furthermore, she emphasized her feelings by encouraging the United States to withhold $1.4 billion in fees owed to the United Nations. The charges of the United States against Boutros-Ghali were two-fold: that he tended to follow his own path rather than the policies laid down by the UN’s members, and that he had ignored warnings that the UN and its soaring debt were to be streamlined immediately.
Finding an alternative candidate to fill the difficult post of secretary general became a necessity. As a UN insider with more than 30 years of service under his belt, Annan was a natural choice, easily hurdling France’s objection, based incorrectly on the assumption that he was not French-speaking. On December 18, 1996, Annan was welcomed into office to serve, as he modestly put it, “185 masters” and to institute an immediate cost-cutting program at the UN. On his own initiative, Annan also established a public relations program to bring more rapport between the huge organization itself and the international public. As he remarked at his pre-celebration press conference, Annan well understood that he was undertaking a huge challenge. But nobody present doubted his ability to handle whatever the future might bring.
Sources
Periodicals
Chicago Tribune, June 27, 1993, p. 10, November 29, 1994; December 18, 1996, p. 30; December 20, 1996, p. 31.
London Times, December 19, 1996, p. 17.
New York Times, October 6, 1993, p. A17; December 14, 1996, p.5.
Newsweek, December 23, 1996, p. 30.
Time, December 3, 1996, p. 51.
West Africa, February 3, 1997, p. 181; February 3, 1997, p. 178; December 23, 1996, p.5.
Other
Additional information for this profile was obtained from United Nations Department of Public Information, “The UN in Brief,” July 3, 1997; Press Conference by Secretary-General Elect Kofi Annan,” December 18, 1996, Transcript, GA/9212; “Secretary-General warmly congratulates Kofi Annan on Receiving Security Council Recommendation,” December 13, 1996, SG/SM/6131; “Secretary-General Says Monument to Raoul Wallenberg is inspiration to Act,” SG/SM/6169.
—Gillian Wolf
Kofi Atta Annan
1938—
Secretary General of the United Nations
On December 18, 1996, the clink of raised champagne glasses rang through the United Nations (UN) headquarters in New York City. The celebration was to honor incoming Secretary General Kofi Annan, the first black African ever to have held the difficult job. His election was greeted with genuine pleasure by UN insiders, who admire him for his unswerving integrity, his cool judgment in the toughest emergencies, and his ability to learn valuable lessons from every situation in which he finds himself. His colleagues had plenty of time to assess Annan's strengths. Other than a two-year period in the mid-1970s when he returned to his native Ghana to run the Tourism Control Board, Annan has devoted his entire career to the international organization.
During Annan's nearly half-century of life in UN service, the number of troubled areas all over the world has soared. Governments have toppled in Africa; blood has stained highly-coveted lands in Europe; Soviet Communism has collapsed, and with it, the grim wall separating East and West Berlin, and the Middle East has exploded in violence. Each change has left in its wake a flood of desperate refugees who depend on the UN for basic humanitarian aid such as food, shelter and medical services.
The huge challenges of assessing these urgent needs, working out suitable strategies for humanitarian aid, and helping to keep peace between warring factions everywhere have taken Annan all over the world. By turns he has visited Iraq, Bosnia, Somalia, Rwanda, Ghana, Ethiopia, Egypt, and Switzerland. Along the way he has gained a comfortable familiarity with English, French, and several African languages. Constant traveling has also taught him a great deal about the ancient traditions by which many people live, and the ways in which they buckle when changes overwhelm them. Well-versed in several ways of life besides his own, he can truly be considered a citizen of the world.
Early Activism
Kofi Annan spent his boyhood years in Africa's Gold Coast, which was then shedding its 70-year-old status as a British crown colony in favor of an up-to-the minute identity as an independent West African country named Ghana. The country's mood about the future was optimistic, and young Annan was right in step. A self-confident leader even as a teenager, he undertook his first successful human rights mission while at boarding school, participating in a hunger strike to protest the poor quality of the food there.
That first experience as an activist was so satisfying that Annan continued to take an interest in public service after he entered Ghana's University of Science and Technology, where he studied economics. In 1957, while serving as vice president of the Ghana Students' Union, he happened to visit Sierre Leone for a meeting of student leaders. There he caught the attention of a talent scout from the Ford Foundation's Foreign Students Leadership Project. A scholarship swiftly followed, and Annan was soon on his way to the United States to finish his economics degree at Macalester College in St. Paul, Minnesota.
Annan graduated in 1961, but did not return to his homeland. Instead he became a staff member at the United Nations, embarking upon a series of jobs that gave him valuable experience in the two vitally important areas of finance and human resources management. The first rung of the UN ladder took him to Geneva, Switzerland, where he became a budget administration officer for the World Health Organization. Next, after acquiring a master's degree in management at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology during 1971-72, he spent four years in the UN's Office of Personnel Services in New York. In 1980, he went back to Switzerland, where he spent the following three years as head of personnel for the United Nations' High Commissioner for Human Rights (UNHCR).
Led the UNHCR
The UNHCR is often the only place in which refugees in war-ravaged countries can turn for help with such basic necessities as food and medical care. During 1980 to 1983, the years Annan spent there, its staff members left the Geneva headquarters for Bangladesh, Cambodia, Indonesia, and Hong Kong; they were also sent to Italy, Greece, and Iraq. All in all, UNHCR personnel were able to ease the suffering of more than three million terrified refugees.
While the daily catalog of international anguish was enough to spur Annan to work as hard as possible, even more incentive came from his friendship with Nane Cronstedt, a lawyer who became his second wife in 1984. The inspiration came from Cronstedt's family background. She was a niece of the revered Raoul Wallenberg, a Swedish diplomat who had snatched 5,000 Jews from Adolph Hitler's death camps during World War II. Though a 35-year span separated Wallenberg's mysterious 1945 disappearance in Russia and his niece's friendship with Annan, his wartime bravery was still a matter of breathless awe for Annan.
Annan felt a special message for humanity was present in Wallenberg's selfless heroism. It began, he felt, with the diplomat's pivotal role as a bystander who had been free to choose whether he would turn a blind eye to the Nazis or fight them. Unmoved by his personal danger, Wallenberg had chosen to sacrifice himself rather than turn his back on the agony of Hitler's trapped and helpless human targets. Annan believed the whole wartime saga provided an important example of immortal integrity. "His kind of intervention gives hope to the victims, encourages them to fight and resist, helps them to hang on and bear witness, and hopefully arouses our collective conscience," Annan remarked in 1997, while opening a monument to Wallenberg in London.
At a Glance …
Born April 8, 1938; married (1), divorced; married (2) Nane Cronstedt, 1984; children: one son, one daughter, one stepdaughter. Education : Macalester College, St. Paul, Minn, BEcon, 1961; Institut des Institut des Hautes Etudes Internationale, Switzerland, 1961-62; Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan Fellow, MSc Mgmt, 1972.
Career : World Health Organization, administrative and budget officer, 1962; Ghana Tourism Control Board, managing director, 1974-76; United Nations Office of Personnel Services, New York, NY, deputy chief of staff services, 1976-80; United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (UNHCR), deputy director of administration and head of personnel, Geneva, Switzerland, 1980-83; United Nations Office of Finance, director of budget, 1984-87; United Nations Office of Human Resources Management, assistant secretary general, 1987-90; United Nations assistant secretary general for program planning, 1990-92; United Nations budget and finance controller, 1992-1993; United Nations undersecretary for peacekeeping, 1993-1996; United Nations secretary-general, 1996–.
Awards: Nobel Peace Prize, jointly awarded with United Nations, 2001.
Addresses: Office— United Nations Headquarters, United Nations Plaza, New York, NY 10017.
Rose through the Ranks at the UN
In January of 1993, after a year as assistant secretary general for Peacekeeping Operations, Annan was promoted to the top post. Now, as under secretary, he held authority over 80,000 troops, dispatching them anywhere they were needed in order to spare lives and restore calm between warring factions. At that time, the UN had 13 peacekeeping missions in progress. Longest-standing was the Middle East operation, which had been monitoring the sporadic Arab-Israeli cease-fires since 1948. Thereafter, in chronological order, came UN observation on the tense India-Pakistan border, dating back to January of 1949; the same kind of operation in Cyprus, Greece (initiated in March of 1964); the Golan Heights (1974) and Lebanon (1978). In the scant two years since the beginning of the 1990s, the UN had also become a formidable presence on the Iraq-Kuwait border, as well as in Angola, El Salvador, Cambodia, and Mozambique. Other urgent missions were appearing on the horizons of Eastern Europe's former Yugoslavia and Somalia, the land that sits directly on the horn of the African continent.
Annan was well-acquainted with the problems of Somalia—a rudderless state that had existed since without a government since the toppling of President Siad Barre in 1991. Somalia had begun to writhe in the grip of power struggles by so many opposition parties that the entire infrastructure of the country had been completely destroyed. In a country with a literacy rate of only 20 percent, the lack of expertise in engineering made replacement impossible, so the loss of the public buildings, bridges, and roads was an inestimable loss. But a far greater tragedy was the smell of death that hung in the air. In just the six months between September of 1991 and March of 1992, the Mogadishu area alone had suffered the injury of 27,000 people and an estimated 14,000 more had been killed.
As if the civil war was not enough for Somalis to bear, their problems were further complicated by a persistent drought. News reports everywhere showed long lines of emaciated people streaming desperately out of the country in search of food. By September of 1992, an estimated 500,000 refugees had poured into neighboring Ethiopia, with an additional 300,000 flooding into Kenya; 65,000 heading for Yemen; and about 115,000 scattered elsewhere.
Dealt with Famine
During the month of August, the UN spearheaded a famine relief operation for the 1.5 million people who were teetering dangerously on the edge of starving to death. By early November, the UNHCR was ready to launch a large-scale rescue operation called UNOSOM, which consisted of setting up camps just outside the country to feed about 65,000 Somalian refugees. Yet even though the UN was quickly flying in the most capacious emergency food stores that could be supplied, the suffering Somalis could not rest easily.
In Mogadishu and other major cities, the unarmed victims were often chased away by looting bandits, who had dusted off the weapons the country had received in the early 1980s to give it greater power in a territorial struggle against Ethiopia. Now, as the coveted grain and flour steadily disappeared into the bandits' hands, the UN saw only one solution—to augment the 500 Pakistani soldiers previously authorized by Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali. Before long another 3,500 troops were on their way to Africa.
Because the United States was seen by Somalis as the only country capable of staving off the inevitable national tragedy, on November 21, 1992, U.S. president George Bush also sent military units to Somalia. Arriving under the banner of "Operation Restore Hope," the first troops landed on December 9, to be joined for a New Year's Day visit by President Bush himself. By mid-January the number of foreign troops in the country was soaring towards the 18,000 troops from 21 nations, and phase two of the operation called United Nations Operations Somalia, or UNOSOM II, was under way, with the hope that the leaderless country would be turned over to United Nations control by May 4, 1993.
But under the influence of a faction leader named Mohammed Farah Aideed, the gratitude of the Somalis began to turn to resentment and a fear that the foreign troops were heralding a return to the British and Italian colonial influence that the country had experienced in the early years of the century. Seizing the opportunity to consolidate his power, in June of 1993, Aideed attacked and killed 25 UN soldiers. At this point, the United States decided to curtail its interest in Somalia.
UN Acted as Peacemaker
United Nations troops being bound by the United Nations Charter, they had traditionally gone on peacekeeping missions. By these terms, UN troops were usually kept in place by agreement of both conflicting parties and were armed only to an extent that would permit them to defend themselves or their equipment. The situation in Somalia, however, was different. Somalia boasted neither government nor rulers to consult, and no well-defined conflicting parties existed that could be mediated. Therefore, the UN troops had no outside authority to mediate their actions.
For the first time in history, the UN Security Council sent their auxiliary troops into a conflict situation buttressed by a UN Charter mandate. This meant they were allowed to act as peacemakers rather than as mere peacekeepers. By UN decree, they were authorized to force Somalia to accept peace, even if they had to fight to achieve it. The alteration in UN Charter mandate made this present peacekeeping force the most aggressive in the history of the United Nations. Furthermore, since 26 of the organization's 41 missions had been mounted since 1989, controlling the forces and their movements was becoming an ever-mounting challenge that the Peacekeeping Department was not equipped to handle. Annan set out to remedy this situation by instituting a streamlining effort.
First came a situation center to monitor the department's international operations around the clock. In 1993, when it was established, this office consisted of eight military officers and two telephones placed in a Manhattan office. By the end of 1995, however, with 17 peacekeeping missions in progress, it was staffed by 120 officers, serving as ultimate backup to 70,000 peacekeeping soldiers worldwide.
In a second innovation, Annan sought support from member nations who were prepared to contribute troops and equipment for standby duty, in case peacekeeping efforts should be needed for a sudden emergency. The high regard in which he is held was soon obvious, when, by the end of November, 1996, 62 of the 185 members had agreed to provide some 80,000 standby troops between them. Annan also created a "lessons learned" unit within the Department of Peacekeeping Operations to make sure that all phases of each operation are discussed, evaluated and broadened further by interaction with other UN departments. Annan hoped the new departmental wing would improve future operations and minimize avoidable mistakes.
Worked in Bosnia-Herzegovina
Supervising all these innovations made a tight work schedule for Annan. Nevertheless, his workload became greater still in November of 1995, when Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali appointed him special representative to the former Yugoslavia, a European territory soon to become familiar as Bosnia-Herzegovina. This mission posed a grave responsibility for Annan, who had been asked to coordinate a smooth transition of international peacekeepers from United Nations forces to NATO military units.
Like Somalia, Bosnia-Herzegovina was an international symbol of raw tragedy. Its two principal population groups, the Serbs and the Croats, had been at war over possession of this area ever since the breakup of the Socialist Federated Republic of Yugoslavia in 1991. In the course of a conflict that would eventually cost between 250,000 and 300,000 lives, they had brought such concepts as "ethnic cleansing," back into the limelight from the shadows of World War II, updating them for the 1990s by "rationalizing" the expulsion and wholesale murder of the Bosnian Muslims. The slow torment of Bosnia-Herzegovina led first to an arms embargo from the United Nations Security Council in September of 1991, then, in May of 1992, to the arrival of peacekeeping and humanitarian forces, who brought sanitation, water, and electricity to the city of Sarajevo's residents.
While this desperately-needed aid was offered without reservation, it came at a high cost to the UN itself. When accompanied by the humanitarian aid that is part of the United Nations service, peacekeeping is an exercise so expensive that by 1994 the annual budget had reached a whopping $3.3 billion. And, generous as it seemed, escalating crises all over the world were stretching this money so thin that the organization was sinking dangerously into debt.
A sinking monetary bottom line was one reason that the UN decided to pass the Bosnian peacekeeping burden on to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). But this was only part of the story. Equally important was the fact that NATO forces are solely dedicated to defense by military means. This single focus was sorely needed in Bosnia-Herzegovina, where the fragile "peace" could be more accurately described as a sullen cease-fire. In November of 1995, UN Secretary-General Boutros-Ghali asked Annan to go to Bosnia to handle the details of withdrawing UN forces and settling NATO forces in their place. It was a difficult task to accomplish. Nevertheless, with his characteristic energy and efficiency, Annan managed to achieve it within four months and returned to his post at the UN by March of 1996.
Chosen to Lead the UN
Meanwhile, Secretary General Boutros-Ghali was nearing the end of his five-year term of office, and his re-election, though acceptable to many of the UN's 185 members, was far from a done deal with the United States. Though swimming against the tide of public opinion, U.S. ambassador Madeleine Albright quickly made her country's objections known to the UN Security Council, one of the most influential groups of policy-makers in the world.
The Council itself consists of five permanent members, plus ten who are voted onto the body periodically. Each of the permanent five—China, United Kingdom, France, Russia, and the United States—has the power of veto over all other votes, a power Albright was now exercising. Furthermore, she emphasized her feelings by encouraging the United States to withhold $1.4 billion in fees owed to the United Nations. The charges of the United States against Boutros-Ghali were twofold: that he tended to follow his own path rather than the policies laid down by the UN's members, and that he had ignored warnings that the UN and its soaring debt were to be streamlined immediately.
Finding an alternative candidate to fill the difficult post of secretary general became a necessity. As a UN insider with more than 30 years of service under his belt, Annan was a natural choice, easily hurdling France's objection, based incorrectly on the assumption that he was not French-speaking. On December 18, 1996, Annan was welcomed into office to serve, as he modestly put it, "185 masters" and to institute an immediate cost-cutting program at the UN. On his own initiative, Annan also established a public relations program to bring more rapport between the huge organization itself and the international public. As he remarked at his pre-celebration press conference, Annan well understood that he was undertaking a huge challenge. But nobody present doubted his ability to handle whatever the future might bring.
From his first days as Secretary General, Annan has pursued an ambitious plan to renew the UN, maintained an international commitment to Africa, sought to gain Iraqi compliance with security standards, promoted Nigerian civil rule, sought to improve the status of women in the Secretariat, and involved non-state organizations in partnership with the UN. Annan has particularly excelled at involving many different people in debates about world peace and how the UN might best fulfill its mandate. In 1999 Annan published some interesting perspectives on world peace when he served as a guest editor to Civilization magazine; he prepared an issue entitled "How to Save the World," with essays from contributors ranging from heads of nations to preeminent scholars. At the turn of the century, Annan published a report called "We the Peoples: The Role of the United Nations in the 21st Century," in which he detailed a plan for UN member states to end poverty and inequality, improve education, reduce the incidence of HIV/AIDS, protect the environment and humanity from violence. The report led to the Millennium Declaration, a plan that has guided the United Nations into the new millennium. For his efforts, Annan was honored with the United Nations in 2001 with a Nobel Peace Prize. Since that time, Annan has continued to push for improvements to the UN's ability to function as a peacemaking body in the world.
Sources
Periodicals
Buffalo News (Buffalo, New York), November 22, 1998.
Chicago Tribune, June 27, 1993, p.10, November 29, 1994; December 18, 1996, p. 30; December 20, 1996, p. 31.
Civilization, June/July 1999.
Commentary, May 2004, p. 15.
Ebony, October 1998, p. 136.
London Times, December 19, 1996, p. 17.
New Republic, May 3, 2004, p. 38.
New York Times, October 6, 1993, p. A17; December 14, 1996, p. 5.
Newsweek, December 23, 1996, p. 30; April 26, 2004, p. 6.
Time, December 3, 1996, p. 51; November 30, 1998, p. 136.
West Africa, December 23, 1996, p. 5; February 3, 1997, p. 181; February 3, 1997, p. 178.
On-line
United Nations Secretary-General, www.un.org/News/ossg/sg/ (November 19, 2004).
Other
Additional information for this profile was obtained from the United Nations Department of Public Information, "The UN in Brief," July 3, 1997; "Press Conference by Secretary-General Elect Kofi Annan," December 18, 1996, Transcript, GA/9212; "Secretary-General warmly congratulates Kofi Annan on Receiving Security Council Recommendation," December 13, 1996, SG/SM/6131; "Secretary-General Says Monument to Raoul Wallenberg Is Inspiration to Act," SG/SM/6169.
—Gillian Wolf and
Sara Pendergast
Kofi Annan
Born: April 8, 1938
Kumasi, Ghana
Ghanian-born international diplomat
International diplomat Kofi Annan of Ghana is the seventh secretary-general of the United Nations (UN), the multinational organization created to, among other things, maintain world peace. He is the first black African to head that organization and was awarded the Nobel Prize. Noted for his cautious style of diplomacy, Annan is sometimes criticized for his soft-spokenness, which some say may be mistaken for weakness.
A worldly scholar
Kofi Atta Annan was born in Kumasi, in central Ghana, Africa, on April 8, 1938. Since 1960 Ghana has been a republic within the British Commonwealth, a group of nations dependent on Great Britain. Named for an African empire along the Niger River, Ghana was ruled by Great Britain for 113 years as the Gold Coast. Annan is descended from tribal chiefs on both sides of his family. His father was an educated man, and Annan became accustomed to both traditional and modern ways of life. He has described himself as being "atribal in a tribal world."
After receiving his early education at a leading boarding school in Ghana, Annan attended the College of Science and Technology in the capital of Kumasi. At the age of twenty, he won a Ford Foundation scholarship for undergraduate studies at Macalester College in St. Paul, Minnesota, where he studied economics. Even then he was showing signs of becoming a diplomat, or someone skilled in international relations. Annan received his bachelor's degree in economics in 1961. Shortly after completing his studies at Macalester College, Annan headed for Geneva, Switzerland, where he attended graduate classes in economics at the Institut Universitaire des Hautes Etudes Internationales.
Early career
Following his graduate studies in Geneva, Annan joined the staff of the World Health Organization (WHO), a branch of the United Nations. He served as an administrative officer and as budget officer in Geneva. Later UN posts took him to Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, and New York City, New York. Annan always assumed that he would return to his native land after college, although he was disturbed by the unrest and numerous changes of government that occurred there during the 1970s.
Annan became the Alfred P. Sloan fellow at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. At the end of his fellowship in 1972, he was awarded a master of science degree in management. Rather than return to Ghana upon graduation, he accepted a position at the UN headquarters in New York City.
Work with the UN
In 1974 he moved to Cairo, Egypt, as chief civilian personnel officer in the UN Emergency Force. Annan briefly changed careers in 1974 when he left the United Nations to serve as managing director of the Ghana Tourist Development Company.
Annan returned to international diplomacy and the United Nations in 1976. For the next seven years, he was associated with the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees in Geneva. He returned to the UN headquarters in New York City in 1983 as director of the budget in the financial services office. Later in the 1980s, he filled the post of assistant secretary-general in the Office of Human Resources Management and served as security coordinator for the United Nations. In 1990, he became assistant secretary-general for another department at the United Nations, the Office of Program Planning, Budget, and Finance. In fulfilling his duties to the United Nations, Annan has spent most of his adult life in the United States, specifically at the UN headquarters in New York City.
Annan had by this time filled a number of roles at the United Nations, ranging from peacekeeping to managerial, and the 1990s were no different. In 1990 he negotiated the release of hostages in Iraq following the invasion of Kuwait. Five years later, he oversaw the transition of the United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR) to the multinational Implementation Force (IFOR), a UN peacekeeping organization. In this transfer of responsibility, operations in the former Yugoslavia were turned over to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).
In recognition of his abilities, Annan was appointed secretary-general, the top post of the UN, by the UN General Assembly in December 1996. He began serving his four-year term of office on January 1, 1997. Joining him was his second wife, former lawyer Nane Lagergren of Sweden. She is the niece of the diplomat Raoul Wallenberg (1912–c.1947), who saved thousands of European Jews from the German Nazis during World War II (1939–45), when American-led forces fought against Germany, Italy, and Japan. Annan and Lagergren were married in 1985. The couple has one child.
Heading the United Nations
The post of secretary-general of the United Nations has been called one of the world's "oddest jobs." According to the United Nations web site, "Equal parts diplomat and activist … the Secretary-General stands before the world community as the very emblem of the United Nations." The secretary-general is the boss of ten thousand international civil servants and the chief administrator of a huge international parliamentary system (a governing body with representation from many nations).
In this post, Annan is expected to coordinate, although he does not control, the activities of such groups as the WHO and the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). He is also expected to practice "preventive diplomacy," meaning he and his staff must try to prevent, contain, or stop international disputes. Above all, Annan must try to maintain world peace.
In an address to the National Press Club, Annan declared, "If war is the failure of diplomacy, then … diplomacy … is our first line of defense. The world today spends billions preparing for war; shouldn't we spend a billion or two preparing for peace?"
Questioning his role
Almost immediately after Annan's election to secretary-general came the question: Is this man just too nice a person for the job? His reputation for "soft-spokenness," according to U.S. News & World Report, could be mistaken for weakness. Another factor that made people question Annan's toughness was his involvement in the UN efforts at peacekeeping in Bosnia from 1992 to 1996. Despite the United Nations's presence, Bosnia remained the site of an ethnic war (a war between religious or cultural groups), in which thousands died. Sir Marrack Goulding, head of peacekeeping, once commented that Annan never expressed his doubts about the UN policy in a forceful manner. Annan disagreed, saying that he always pressed the involved countries—the United States, Britain, France, and Russia—to rethink their policy on sending soldiers to the peacekeeping force. Not one to raise his voice in anger, Annan favored diplomacy. In a press conference in Baghdad, Iraq, in 1998, Annan noted, "You can do a lot with diplomacy, but of course you can do a lot more with diplomacy backed up by fairness and force."
All eyes turned to Annan and his handling of the touchy situation with Iraq in 1998. Early in that year, threats of war seemed all too real. Saddam Hussein (1937–), president of Iraq, became once again a threatening presence by refusing to let UN observers into certain areas of his country, as had been previously agreed upon, to check for illegal possession of chemical-warfare items and the like. Then-president Bill Clinton (1946–) hinted strongly at the use of force to make Hussein agree to let in the UN officials. In his role as secretary-general, Annan went to Iraq in February of 1998 to meet with the Iraqi leader. After talking with Annan, Hussein agreed to what he had refused before—unlimited UN access to the eight sites that he had previously called completely off-limits. Because of Annan's intervention, war was avoided.
Annan in a new world
Annan's code of soft-spoken diplomacy was given a boost by the outcome of his talks with Saddam Hussein in 1998. UN observers wait to see how additional crises will be handled by the gentle but determined man from Ghana.
In the summer of 2001, the United Nations unanimously appointed Kofi Annan to his second five-year term as secretary-general. On October 12, 2001, the Nobel Peace Prize was awarded jointly to the United Nations and Kofi Annan. The Nobel citation pointed out that Annan had brought new life to the peacekeeping organization, highlighted the United Nations's fight for civil rights, and boldly taken on the new challenges of terrorism and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS; a disease of the immune system).
For More Information
Tessitore, John. Kofi Annan: The Peacekeeper. New York: Franklin Watts, 2000.
Kofi Annan
International diplomat Kofi Annan (born 1938) of Ghana is the seventh secretary-general of the United Nations and the first black African to head that organization.
Noted for his cautious, serene style of diplomacy, United Nations (UN) Secretary-General Kofi Annan is sometimes criticized for his soft-spokenness, which some say may be mistaken for weakness. But Annan abides by a lesson he learned back in his college days. Unused to the frigid winters of St. Paul, Minnesota, where he studied economics at Macalester College, he took one look at the local students and decided they looked ridiculous in their huge earmuffs. Then he took a walk around campus. When his ears froze, he went out and bought earmuffs. He said of that experience, as noted in U.S. News & World Report, "I learned an important lesson. You never walk into a situation and believe that you know better than the natives. You have to listen and look around. Otherwise you can make some very serious mistakes." As the head peacekeeping officer of the world's chief peace-keeping organization, mistakes are just what Annan wants to avoid.
Early Career
Kofi Atta Annan was born in Kumasi, in central Ghana, on April 8, 1938. Located between the Ivory Coast and Togo on the southern coast of west Africa, Ghana has been a republic within the British Commonwealth since 1960. Named for an African empire along the Niger River, it was ruled by Great Britain for 113 years as the Gold Coast. Annan is descended from tribal chiefs on both sides of his family. His father was an educated man, and Annan became accustomed to both traditional and modern ways of life. He has described himself as being "atribal in a tribal world."
After receiving his early education at a leading boarding school in Ghana, Annan attended the College of Science and Technology in the provincial capital of Kumasi. At the age of 20, he won a Ford Foundation scholarship for undergraduate studies at Macalester College in St. Paul, Minnesota, where he learned about economics and earmuffs. Even then he was showing signs of becoming a diplomat. As communications professor Roger Mosvick commented in U.S. News & World Report, "I don't think anyone on this planet has heard Kofi raise his voice in anger." Annan received his bachelor's degree in economics in 1961.
Shortly after completing his studies at Macalester College, Annan headed for Geneva where he attended the Institut Universitaire des Hautes Etudes Internationales for graduate classes in economics. A decade later, he became the Alfred P. Sloan fellow at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). At the end of his fellowship in 1972, he was awarded a master of science degree in management.
Following his graduate studies in Geneva, Annan joined the staff of the World Health Organization (WHO), a branch of the United Nations. He served as an administrative officer and as budget officer in Geneva. Later UN posts took him to Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, and New York City, New York. Annan had always assumed that he would return to his native land after college, although he was disturbed by the unrest and numerous overturns of government that occurred there during the 1970s. Rather than return to Ghana during this period, he accepted a position with UN headquarters in New York City. In 1974, he moved to Cairo, Egypt, as chief civilian personnel officer in the UN Emergency Force. Annan briefly changed careers in 1974 when he left the UN to serve as managing director of the Ghana Tourist Development Company.
Annan returned to international diplomacy and the UN in 1976, leaving the private sector permanently. For the next seven years, he was associated with the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees in Geneva. He returned to the UN headquarters in New York City in 1983 as director of the budget in the financial services office. Later in the 1980s, he filled the post of assistant secretary-general in the Office of Human Resources Management and served as security coordinator for the United Nations. In 1990, he became assistant secretary-general for another department at the UN, the Office of Program Planning, Budget, and Finance. In fulfilling his duties to the United Nations, Annan has spent most of his adult life in the United States, specifically UN headquarters in New York.
Annan has filled a number of roles at the UN, ranging from peacekeeping to managerial, and the 1990s were no different. In 1990, he negotiated the release of hostages in Iraq following the invasion of Kuwait. Five years later, he oversaw the transition of the United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR) to the multinational Implementation Force (IFOR). In this transfer of responsibility, operations in the former Yugoslavia were turned over to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). Annan had been associated with the Office of Peace-keeping Operations since 1992. In 1993, he had been promoted to under-secretary-general of this office. In recognition of his abilities, Annan was appointed Secretary-General of the United Nations by the General Assembly in December of 1996. He began serving his four-year term of office on January 1, 1997.
Joining him in this new post was his second wife, former attorney Nane Lagergren. The secretary-general has been married twice, first to a woman from Nigeria, with whom he has two children. His second wife, Nane Lagergren, is from Sweden. She is the niece of the diplomat Raoul Wallenberg, who saved thousands of European Jews from the Nazis during World War II. Annan and Lagergren were married in 1985. The couple has one child.
Heading the UN
The post of Secretary-General of the United Nations has been called one of the world's "oddest jobs." According to the United Nations website, "Equal parts diplomat and activist, conciliator and provocateur, the Secretary-General stands before the world community as the very emblem of the United Nations. The task demands great vigour, sensitivity and imagination, to which the Secretary-General must add a tenacious sense of optimism-a belief that the ideals expressed in the Charter can be made a reality." The Secretary-General is the boss of 10,000 international civil servants and the chief administrator of a huge international parliamentary system.
In this post, Annan is expected to coordinate, although he does not control, the activities of such groups as the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). He is also obliged to practice "preventive diplomacy," meaning he and his staff must try to prevent, contain, or defuse international disputes. Above all, Annan must try to maintain world peace. In an address to the National Press Club, Annan declared: "If war is the failure of diplomacy, then … diplomacy, both bilateral and multilateral, is our first line of defence. The world today spends billions preparing for war; shouldn't we spend a billion or two preparing for peace?"
Almost immediately after Annan's election came the question: Is this man just too nice a person for the job? His reputation for "soft-spokenness," according to U.S. News & World Report, could be mistaken for weakness. National Review contributor Stefan Halper, however, called Annan a "subtle and capable presence" with "an extraordinary feel for the [United Nations]…. [H]is influence on world opinion, and hence his power, is striking." Another factor that made people question Annan's toughness was his involvement in the UN efforts at peacekeeping in Bosnia from 1992 to 1996. Despite the UN's presence, Bosnia remained the site of an ethnic war where thousands died. Sir Marrack Goulding, head of peace-keeping, once commented that Annan never expressed his doubts about the UN policy in a forceful manner. Annan disagreed, saying that he always pressed the involved countries-the United States, Britain, France, and Russia-to rethink their limited mandate on sending soldiers to the peace-keeping force. Not one to raise his voice in anger, Annan favored diplomacy. In a press conference in Baghdad in 1998, Annan noted: "You can do a lot with diplomacy, but of course you can do a lot more with diplomacy backed up by fairness and force."
All eyes turned to Annan and his handling of the touchy situation with Iraq in 1998. Early in that year, threats of war seemed all too real. Saddam Hussein, President of Iraq, was once again a threatening presence, refusing to let UN observers into certain areas of his country, as previously agreed upon, to check for illegal possession of chemical warfare items and the like. President Bill Clinton of the United States hinted strongly at the use of force to make Saddam comply. In his role as Secretary-General, Annan went to Iraq in February of 1998 to meet with the Iraqi leader. After talking with Annan, Saddam agreed to what he had refused before-unlimited UN access to the eight sites that he had previously called completely off-limits. Due to Annan's intervention, war was averted. "There were millions of people around the world rooting for a peaceful solution and praying for us-this is why in Baghdad I said you should never underestimate the power of prayer," declared Annan upon returning to UN headquarters that month, as noted on the UN website.
Annan's code of soft-spoken diplomacy was given a boost by the outcome of his talks with Saddam Hussein in 1998. United Nations observers wait to see how additional crises will be handled by the gentle but determined man from Ghana. As a long-time acquaintance of Annan commented to People, "He has in mind a goal: world peace."
Further Reading
Christian Century, April 1, 1998.
Maclean's, March 9, 1998.
Nation, March 16, 1998.
National Review, April 20, 1998.
New Republic, January 6, 1997.
Newsweek, March 9, 1998, pp. 28-32.
New York Times Magazine, March 29, 1998.
U.S. News & World Report, March 9, 1998, pp. 36-37; March 23, 1998.
"Kofi Annan," Newsmaker Profiles, CNN Interactive, http://www.cnn.com (May 14, 1998).
United Nations website, http://www.un.org (March 2, 1998).
Annan's address to the National Press Club, Washington, D.C., January 24, 1997.
Annan's joint press conference with Deputy Minister of Iraq Tariq Aziz, Baghdad, February 23, 1998.
|
|||||
7733
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 24
|
https://prodigyfinance.com/resources/blog/spotlight-mit-engineering/
|
en
|
Spotlight: MIT Engineering
|
[
"https://a.storyblok.com/f/268942/635x175/7c7ecc1970/prodigy-finance-logo.svg",
"https://prodigyfinance.com/assets/static/06118ad5ecc5ef252797e8536a7bac4f/2377c/logo.png",
"https://prodigyfinance.com/assets/static/06118ad5ecc5ef252797e8536a7bac4f/2377c/logo.png",
"https://prodigyfinance.com/assets/static/d8a332661f176f1487bd43ee2be632fe/59c87/Spotlight_on_MIT_Engineering_9b828ef379.jpg",
"https://prodigyfinance.com/assets/static/d8a332661f176f1487bd43ee2be632fe/59c87/Spotlight_on_MIT_Engineering_9b828ef379.jpg",
"https://prodigyfinance.com/assets/static/21b0b4f9a60979863b57e4c7d555eea3/d33af/Charndre.jpg",
"https://prodigyfinance.com/assets/static/21b0b4f9a60979863b57e4c7d555eea3/d33af/Charndre.jpg",
"https://a.storyblok.com/f/268942/50x50/a1be843906/linked-in.svg",
"https://a.storyblok.com/f/268942/50x50/7dd6e1c1ab/facebook.svg",
"https://a.storyblok.com/f/268942/50x50/456ffcc88a/x.svg",
"https://a.storyblok.com/f/268942/50x50/eac968d368/instagram.svg",
"https://a.storyblok.com/f/268942/50x50/9820ea175c/youtube.svg",
"https://a.storyblok.com/f/268942/50x50/43188ce3bf/tik-tok.svg",
"https://a.storyblok.com/f/268942/121x40/f4d2771f0a/google-play.svg",
"https://a.storyblok.com/f/268942/121x40/fbdf503063/app-store.svg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
Everything you need to know about applying to the MIT School of Engineering, financing your international masters, and what life is like at MIT.
|
en
|
/static/logo-0efa98b46815ba34e159244a2550ebe4.png
|
https://prodigyfinance.com/resources/blog/spotlight-mit-engineering/
|
MIT was founded in 1861 and is one of five prestigious universities in the Cambridge area. With some 88 nobel laureates to their credit, itâs not surprising this university pops up often in movies and television programmes.
Astronaut Buzz Aldrin and former UN Secretary General Kofi Annan are among grads and microchips, email, GPS, solar power, refined oil and nuclear fission are just a few of the inventions to come out of the school and the brains it houses.
Not only that, but all of this is found in the super popular city of Boston (well, close enough), which offers opportunities post-graduation as well as providing an amazing springboard for travel throughout the US and the world.
As you would expect, the Career Services department at MIT offers everything you need to succeed - and employers are clearly willing to pay for the expertise MIT grads offer.
Of the masters grads that negotiated their salaries (30.1%), they managed to bring them up by an average of $6927. The 22.6% of those that negotiated their bonus, scored, on average, an extra $12,968.
What's it like to live at MIT?
MIT really has it together when it comes to providing a terrific on-campus experience for their international grad students.
Thereâs a huge range of on-campus housing options, from single rooms to 4-bedroom apartments, with just about everything in between. And, there are specific residences for grad students traveling with spouses or children.
In addition to the on-campus housing options (all of which are a short walk to classes and other campus facilities), finding off-campus options is easy with the comprehensive website and database. They even offer assistance in finding potential roommates.
Dining on-campus is relatively inexpensive for the area, with several choices of meal plans as well as a number of retail vendors operating throughout campus. Youâll never go hungry here - and, of course, you have all of Boston to explore if you want to try something new.
Alongside a vibrant student activities community, there are multiple fitness centers available - and at least one is open every day of the week. No matter what interests you have, youâre sure to find someone or somewhere to enjoy them.
Getting around is also easy, whether youâre walking through campus or headed out into the city using public transport; youâll never have difficulty getting from point A to point B, even in winter.
LEARN MORE ABOUT PRODIGY FINANCE LOANS FOR MIT ENGINEERING NOW
How to get into MIT Engineering
The acceptance rate for MIT was 7.8% in 2020. So, thereâs no easy way around it, MIT engineering has competitive admissions. Getting in, however, doesnât mean you need to have the best GRE marks out there (though that certainly wonât hurt).
The school makes no secret that theyâre after applicants who want to get stuck in while thinking outside of the box. Curiosity and collaboration are key, so youâll want to bring aspects of your story that display these traits to the fore in your statement of objectives. (Thatâs MIT speak for the standard Statement of Purpose (SOP) essay.)
Because the school values independent thinkers that arenât afraid of their ideas - or working with others - itâs not a bad idea to illustrate just how you plan to make a mark on the world while remaining realistic in your goals. And, of course, youâll want to keep these scores in mind when preparing for your standardised tests:
Average GRE scores: 160 verbal, 165 quantitative, 4.4 analytical writing
Mean TOEFL score: 107 iBT
|
|||||
7733
|
dbpedia
|
0
| 29
|
https://www.independent.co.uk/news/kofi-annan-dead-former-un-secretary-general-nobel-peace-prize-laureate-a8497171.html
|
en
|
Kofi Annan: Former UN secretary general and Nobel Peace Prize laureate
|
[
"https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/thumbnails/image/2018/08/18/14/kofi.jpg",
"https://static.independent.co.uk/static-assets/images/newsletter/breaking-news/breaking-news-thumb.png",
"https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/thumbnails/image/2018/08/18/14/kofi-1.jpg",
"https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/thumbnails/image/2018/08/18/14/kofi-2.jpg",
"https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/thumbnails/image/2018/08/18/14/kofi-3.jpg",
"https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/thumbnails/image/2018/08/18/14/kofi-4.jpg",
"https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/thumbnails/image/2018/08/18/14/kofi-5.jpg",
"https://www.independent.co.uk/img/icons/google.svg"
] |
[
"//cdn.jwplayer.com/players/xuXTRWRp-9ygSIn9G.html"
] |
[] |
[
"Kofi Annan",
"United Nations",
"Ghana",
"Human Rights",
"Nobel Peace Prize",
"Internal"
] | null |
[
"Linda Melvern"
] |
2018-08-20T10:51:38+00:00
|
The Ghanaian national was the first and only black African to be appointed as the world’s top diplomat, a tenure that saw him mediate in some of the biggest crises of the 21st century
|
en
|
/img/shortcut-icons/favicon.ico
|
The Independent
|
https://www.independent.co.uk/news/kofi-annan-dead-former-un-secretary-general-nobel-peace-prize-laureate-a8497171.html
|
In December 1996, the selection of Kofi Annan as the seventh secretary general of the United Nations had been a milestone. This was the first time in the history of the UN that a secretary general had been chosen from the UN staff, and Annan, an international civil servant, had come up through the ranks in management and personnel departments.
There were immediate comparisons made between Annan and the third secretary general, Dag Hammarskjold. Hammarskjold had also been welcomed as a quiet and ghanaunassuming bureaucrat but had gone on to transform the office of secretary general from one of an international administrator to that of a world statesman and had become a world figure.
Annan began his professional life as an administrator and aged 24 had joined the international civil service as a budget and administrative officer for the World Health Organisation (WHO). Ten years later he was awarded a management degree from Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT).
When Hammarskjold had taken the helm in 1953, appointed from the Swedish civil service, he had been horrified at the magnitude of his task. Annan in contrast was already well acquainted with the UN’s constant crisis management, its inherent weaknesses, its institutional complexity, and its serious and damaging lack of coordination between its organisations and programmes.
The comparisons between Hammarskjold and Annan were inevitable and when Annan assumed office in January 1997 there were high hopes for what he might achieve. Almost everyone has a different idea about what the job of secretary general is but for Annan a more central and more immediate predicament existed. He had not been everyone’s choice.
Many UN member states had wanted his predecessor to remain for a second term, the outspoken Dr Boutros Boutros-Ghali, an Egyptian diplomat and politician. But in a sorry and a shameful spectacle Boutros-Ghali had been drummed out of office by the Clinton administration. The Americans lobbied hard for Annan to take his place, diplomats from the US mission to the UN arguing that Annan was the only UN official in which they had any confidence.
The Americans promised Annan that once he was in office the debt the US owed to the UN would be paid. In December 1996, The New York Times had described Annan’s selection as another key appointment for President Clinton’s second term, as though the UN were a division of the US government.
Kofi Annan was born on 8 April 1938 in a small town called Bekwai, near Kumasi, Ghana. His father was the elected governor of Ashanti province and a hereditary paramount chief of the Fante people. At the time Ghana was a British colony and called the Gold Coast, and his father worked for a subsidiary of Unilever dealing in cocoa exports and various imports.
Annan went to Ghana’s leading boarding school and later enrolled in the University of Science and Technology at Kumasi, a provincial capital. He completed his undergraduate work in economics at Macalester College, St Paul, Minnesota, in 1961 with the help of a grant from the Ford Foundation. From Minnesota he went to Geneva to the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies and then, as a 1971-72 Sloan Fellow, he studied at MIT and received a master of science degree in management.
His first job within the UN system was as a lowly administrative and budget officer with the WHO, where he appeared efficient, tactful and persuasive – but Annan wanted to work in Africa and he resigned from the WHO and found a job as head of the personnel section at the Economic Commission for Africa in Addis Ababa.
Annan was ambitious and from Addis Ababa he decided to go to America to study management, at MIT, after which, in the mid-Seventies, he went home to Ghana to run the Ghana Tourist Development Company. But here he felt restricted. Ghana was under military rule. Annan returned to the UN system and he went to Geneva to the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Refugees. It was a crucial period with a dramatic increase of refugees worldwide, a result of events triggered by the fall of Saigon that saw nearly 2 million Indo-Chinese flee Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos.
In the mid-Eighties Annan was promoted. He moved to New York where he served as assistant secretary general for programme planning, budget and finance and was appointed controller in that office in 1990. That year, following the invasion of Kuwait by Iraq, Annan was asked by the then secretary general, the Peruvian Javier Perez de Cuellar, as a special assignment, to facilitate the repatriation of more than 900 international staff and the release of western hostages in Iraq.
Annan negotiated with Iraq the safe passage of 500,000 Asian workers stranded in the region. It was Annan who led the first UN team negotiating with Iraq on the sales of oil to fund purchases of humanitarian aid. And so Annan managed to make a difficult transition from finance and management to international diplomacy. And as it happened, at that very time, and as a result of the end of the Cold War, there was an expansion in UN peacekeeping.
Annan was appointed assistant secretary general for peacekeeping operations on 1 March 1993, just as the tragic UN peacekeeping mission in Somalia was experiencing real difficulties: that summer 23 peacekeepers from Pakistan lost their lives and in October 18 soldiers from the US elite forces were killed by Somali militiamen. Later on, Annan would be critical of the speed with which the US withdrew its troops from Somalia after the deaths of the soldiers. He said that the impression had been created that the easiest way to disrupt a UN mission was to kill Americans.
In February 1994 Annan was appointed under secretary general for peacekeeping, a post he held until he was selected secretary general. Between November 1995 and March 1996, following the Dayton Peace Agreement that ended the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Annan served as special representative of the secretary general to the former Yugoslavia, overseeing the transition in Bosnia and Herzegovina from the United Nations Protection Force to the multinational Implementation Force, led by NATO.
It was at this moment that he came to the attention of American diplomats and they would report how efficient this UN civil servant and how calm and collected. Annan was never inoffensive and he was elegant and well mannered. He was diligent and patient. He had a British accent.
During Annan’s term as head of peacekeeping there was an unprecedented growth in the size and scope of UN peacekeeping, with a total deployment at its peak in 1995 of almost 70,000 military and civilian personnel from 77 countries. It was also a time of the UN’s greatest humiliations and the genocide in Rwanda would define the consequences of inaction. Two particular episodes would come to haunt Annan, the genocide in Rwanda that took place between April and July 1994 and the massacre in Srebrenica in July 1995
When Kofi Annan’s term as secretary general began in January 1997 his first major initiative was to propose a plan for reform, presented in a document, “Renewing the United Nations”, which was given to UN member states in July and was pursued with an emphasis on improving coherence and coordination. A cabinet of the UN’s most senior officials was established, breaking the tradition whereby each official briefed the secretary general individually. In this way Annan hoped to address the UN’s organisational incoherence.
To ease a ridiculous workload Annan was successful in seeking approval from the General Assembly for the appointment of a deputy secretary general. Of note in these early years, in April 1998, was his report to the Security Council on “The Causes of Conflict and the Promotion of Durable Peace and Sustainable Development in Africa”. He was keen to increase the international community’s commitment to Africa.
Annan quickly proved himself a consummate diplomat and he used his good offices in several key political crises, including an attempt in 1998 to gain Iraq’s compliance with Security Council resolutions. His ability in this case to pursue a sensible diplomatic path while US forces were amassing in the Gulf was lauded in the American press and there were favourable profiles. He was credited with having prevented the bombing of Iraq. In 1998 Annan helped to promote the transition to civilian rule in Nigeria and in 1999 he mediated an agreement to resolve a stalemate between Libya and the Security Council over the 1988 bombing of a jet airliner over Lockerbie.
Annan’s quiet diplomacy in 1999 helped to forge an international response to violence in East Timor. In the latter case he negotiated with the Indonesian government in Jakarta to let UN peacekeepers into the country. He was a skilful moderator in the Middle East in October 2000 and amid a serious escalation in violence and with many Palestinians shot dead by Israeli troops he was said to have been instrumental in persuading Yasser Arafat to travel to an international conference at Sharm el Sheikh.
Throughout this period Annan was dogged by questions from the past into his role as head of UN peacekeeping between 1993-1994, in the circumstances of the tragedies of Rwanda and Srebrenica. In Srebrenica in July 1995 a massacre of the Muslim population had taken place after the town had fallen to besieging Serb forces. There was TV news film of the men and boys led away to be killed and Danish peacekeepers nearby had been vilified for their inactivity. The tragedies in Rwanda and in Bosnia had exposed the role played by UN officials before now of little concern to the media.
Annan set up two internal inquiries, one into each tragedy. This resulted in reports in which blame was evenly spread and although the reports heralded a break with UN tradition, they were notable for their lack of specific information although they did go some way to expose the decision-making in the Security Council – always in secret and informal sessions – and an international civil service whose officials seemed incapable of adequately managing UN missions. Some human rights activists remain convinced that all involved in these two events should have resigned. The spotlight remained on Annan. Less attention was paid to the role of his predecessor, Boutros-Ghali, whose behaviour at this time was never fully explained.
Whatever the lessons of these disastrous years there remained a gulf between what was needed in UN peacekeeping and the means provided by member states. Nor did the Security Council change its ways, the five permanent members failing as usual to provide adequate and timely intelligence information to UN missions in the field. What was really needed was a peacekeeping revolution within the UN and within the defence ministries of its most powerful nations. And this was unlikely with a Republican president, George W Bush.
One of Annan’s most notable achievements was to sell the UN to sceptics. Annan, a man who chose his words with great care, often managed to side-step Washington and brought the UN closer to the people. He actively courted Hollywood; film star Michael Douglas was appointed a special UN ambassador. CNN founder Ted Turner gave a massive donation for UN programmes. Annan tried to promote an idealistic moral world view and seemed determined that the mistakes of the past, and particularly the immediate past, would never be repeated.
He gave the organisation a more streamlined image and he was admired and respected by those who worked for him. He was a quiet man, a calming presence and unflappable. While others pointed out that a more realistic approach for UN success would entail warships, combat aircraft and war fighting troops, he remained hopeful and quietly determined. To have completely altered the nature of UN peace forces would entail changing the institution itself beyond recognition. A safer option for reform was chosen.
There were problems and serious challenges to the institution during his term of office. Annan had strong reservations about Nato’s 1999 unilateral intervention in Kosovo, the bombing used to try to prevent human rights abuses. In his annual report for 1999 he cautioned those who welcomed Nato’s campaign to remember that actions without Security Council authorisation threatened the very core of the international security system founded and based on the UN Charter, although he did believe that borders should not prevent intervention and that sovereignty was not a shield for human rights abuses.
For Annan a new international solidarity in favour of intervention represented a humanity that cared more, not less, for the world’s suffering. A developing international norm in support of intervention was for Annan a hopeful sign at the end of the 20th century but it was imperative that the UN be central to it.
Annan knew better than any other secretary general before him how the UN system worked. Most importantly, he was aware of the low morale of the UN staff. This was a toxic bureaucracy in which promotion depended on nationality rather than ability and Annan made sure that reform of the UN bureaucracy was a permanent item on the agenda, but efforts were hampered by the continuing debt crisis with the amount that America owed reaching well over $1bn (£7.8m).
By 2000 the new trend was for the UN to enter into partnership with corporations. There were many critics of this policy but Annan believed that the UN’s original aims would not be subverted, and the private sector would be eager to provide funds. He was outspoken at the 2001 World Economic Forum at Davos when he warned against a background of protest, that world business leaders faced a backlash against their globalisation unless their companies became better world citizens.
The same year, Annan and the UN were jointly awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for their efforts to “revitalise” the UN and for “having given priority to human rights”. Annan was also recognised for his commitment to the fight against the spread of HIV in Africa and his outspoken opposition to international terrorism.
In 2003, the US announced its intention to bypass the UN and invade Iraq, despite Annan urging them and the UK not to intervene without the UN’s support. In a September 2004 interview, Annan told the BBC: “From our point of view and from the charter point of view, it was illegal.” This drove a wedge between Annan and the US, one of his biggest supporters, and caused him problems when he was implicated, both professionally and personally, in the “oil for food scandal” in 2004.
Reports surfaced that Annan’s son Kojo had received payments from the company monitoring the programme, which was started in 1996 to sell limited quantities of oil from sanction-hit Iraq in return for humanitarian supplies. Annan called for an investigation which cleared him of using improper influence a year later, but did identify failings in how he had overseen the programme. In the US, politicians called for his resignation.
However, it wasn’t until 2006, after 10 years at the helm and nearing 70, that Annan stepped down as secretary general of the UN. In his final speech, he called on the US to return to President Truman’s multilateralist foreign policies, saying “the responsibility of the great states is to serve and not dominate the peoples of the world”. He also said the US must maintain its commitment to human rights “including in the struggle against terrorism”.
During much of his time in office his wife, Nane Marie, often travelled with him and she was seen as a tremendous asset. He had married her, a Swedish jurist and painter, in 1984. It was a second marriage for both. His son, Kojo, and daughter, Ama, are from his first marriage.
Nane is a niece of Raoul Wallenberg, the Swedish diplomat who saved thousands from death at the hands of the Nazis. The couple were often described as near perfect and Annan paid tribute to the help that Nane brought him during his years as secretary general.
Despite his resignation, Annan continued to fight for diplomacy and human rights. In 2007, he set up the Kofi Annan Foundation, which works “towards a fairer, more peaceful world”. A year later, he helped broker an arduous power-sharing agreement between Kenyan opposition leader Raila Odinga and former president Mwai Kibaki, putting an end to the post-election violence which left at least 1,000 people dead, and 300,000 displaced.
In February 2012, he was appointed by the UN and Arab League as joint special representative for Syria in an attempt to end the civil war, a post he resigned from in August of the same year, saying the peace mission was impossible because of militarisation on the ground and lack of international unity.
The following year, he was appointed as the chair of the Elders, an independent group of world working together for peace and human rights and brought together by Nelson Mandela. In 2016, Annan was appointed to lead a UN commission to investigate the Rohingya crisis.
“I’ve discovered retirement is hard work,” he said in an interview with the BBC to mark his 80th birthday.
Kofi Annan, UN secretary general, born 8 April 1938, died 18 August 2018
|
||||
7733
|
dbpedia
|
3
| 9
|
https://www.business-humanrights.org/en/blog/celebrating-kofi-annans-contributions-to-business-and-human-rights/
|
en
|
Celebrating Kofi Annan’s contributions to business and human rights
|
[
"https://media.business-humanrights.org/media/images/18633674506_aa01e119ca_k.2e16d0ba.fill-788x488.jpg",
"https://media.business-humanrights.org/media/images/shutterstock_164863172.max-1300x90.2e16d0ba.fill-788x488.jpg",
"https://media.business-humanrights.org/media/images/53280309954_97071dde0c_o.2e16d0ba.fill-788x488.jpg",
"https://media.business-humanrights.org/media/images/shutterstock_2086089586.2e16d0ba.fill-788x488.jpg",
"https://media.business-humanrights.org/media/images/shutterstock_2374214853.2e16d0ba.fill-788x488.jpg",
"https://media.business-humanrights.org/media/images/shutterstock_2374212955.2e16d0ba.fill-788x488.jpg",
"https://media.business-humanrights.org/media/images/18633674506_aa01e119ca_k.2e16d0ba.fill-788x488.jpg",
"https://media.business-humanrights.org/media/images/shutterstock_164863172.max-1300x90.2e16d0ba.fill-788x488.jpg",
"https://media.business-humanrights.org/media/images/53280309954_97071dde0c_o.2e16d0ba.fill-788x488.jpg",
"https://media.business-humanrights.org/media/images/shutterstock_2086089586.2e16d0ba.fill-788x488.jpg",
"https://media.business-humanrights.org/media/images/shutterstock_2374214853.2e16d0ba.fill-788x488.jpg",
"https://media.business-humanrights.org/media/images/shutterstock_2374212955.2e16d0ba.fill-788x488.jpg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
en
|
Business & Human Rights Resource Centre
|
https://www.business-humanrights.org/en/blog/celebrating-kofi-annans-contributions-to-business-and-human-rights/
|
On September 13, 2018, I had the honor to attend the state funeral for Kofi Annan in Accra. The President of Ghana, in his eulogy, described Kofi as “charming, cosmopolitan, consensus-builder, elegant, eloquent, gentle-mannered, modest, polyglot, proud African, peacemaker, quintessential diplomat.” To me he was also mentor, friend, and favorite boss.
Shortly after Kofi took office as the seventh Secretary-General of the United Nations he invited me to join the team he was assembling (at the time, I was Dean of Columbia University’s School of International and Public Affairs). I asked him what my job description would be. He smiled and said “don’t get swallowed up by the cable traffic.” Eventually that function became formalized on the UN org chart as Assistant Secretary-General for Strategic Planning.
As Secretary-General, Kofi lived the African proverb “you cannot bend the wind so bend the sail.” To bureaucrats who were skeptical of new ideas and innovative approaches, his response invariably was: “Why don’t we test it? You may be surprised. Let’s test it.”
Nowhere was this more evident than in his desire to involve the broadest possible array of social actors in the mission and daily work of the United Nations—be they parliamentarians or leaders of business, civil society, workers organizations, the world’s many faiths, and universities. The ability of the United Nations to help improve the lives of people, he believed, required that it reach beyond the precincts of intergovernmentalism on Turtle Bay.
The now vibrant field of business and human rights looms large among Kofi’s many legacies. Perhaps it came to him naturally. The dignity of every person was integral to the family values with which he was raised. And human rights were inextricably bound up in the struggle for independence, which Ghana achieved in 1957 when he was in his late teens. On the business side, his father, Henry Reginald Annan, was the first black manager of a Ghanaian subsidiary of Lever Brothers (now Unilever). At university, Kofi studied economics, beginning in Kumasi and completing his undergraduate degree at Macalester College in Minnesota. He also studied economics at the Graduate Institute in Geneva and earned a mid-career master’s degree at MIT’s Sloan School of Business. It seemed self-evident to him that concern with the dignity of people a company impacts should be integral to its strategies and practices.
Kofi’s contribution to the global business and human rights agenda began with his establishing the UN Global Compact in 2000. As he famously said at the World Economic Forum in Davos that year: “My friends, the simple fact of the matter is this: if we cannot make globalization work for all, in the end it will work for none.”
He envisaged the Compact as a multi-stakeholder learning forum for identifying and disseminating good corporate practices in relation to worker and other human rights, environmental practices, and (later) anti-corruption. He sought to make it a platform to engage business in support of the broad array of UN goals. When a delegation of governments challenged him on where he got the mandate for this, he responded, softly, “I didn’t realize I needed a mandate to help implement the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.”
To this day, the Compact remains the world’s largest corporate citizenship initiative, with some 10,000 global participants and national networks in more than 50 countries. Among its many knock-on effects are the Principles for Responsible Investment, launched in 2006 not long before Kofi’s term in office came to an end, which marked a significant step forward in the evolution of what is now known as ESG investing—incorporating environmental, social, and corporate governance criteria into investment decisions.
Never one to miss an opportunity, Annan persuaded the UN General Assembly to mark the year 2000 with a summit of heads of state and government, and to ask him to offer them suggestions regarding the role of the United Nations in the new millennium. He presented the summit with a report entitled We the Peoples, addressing both new and enduring challenges. Under the heading of ‘development and poverty eradication’ were eight specific targets for the world to aim at during the next 15 years. They were adopted as the Millennium Development Goals. In 2001, Annan was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for “bringing new life to the organization.”
When the MDGs expired in 2015 they were succeeded by a broader set of Sustainable Development Goals. Both of these ambitious agendas have had at their core the realization of human rights; and both have recognized the indispensable role of all sectors of society, including business, in making them a reality.
In 2005, the UN Commission on Human Rights (now Human Rights Council) adopted a resolution requesting the Secretary-General to appoint a Special Representative on the subject of business and human rights. The mandate was to identify and clarify the respective responsibilities of states and business, and to make recommendations for the Commission’s consideration. By then I had returned to academic life, but Kofi asked me to take this on as an extra-curricular assignment. He expressed particular concern that the seriousness of the issues not become overwhelmed by unrelated and unhelpful political dynamics within the UN bubble, stressing the imperative of generating meaningful buy-in so as to achieve real change in how business gets done. Six years and 50 international consultations later, I presented the Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights to the Human Rights Council, which endorsed them unanimously.
Kofi Annan was the least ego-driven leader I have ever met. He had an infectious laugh. He and his beloved wife Nane, a lawyer by training and an accomplished artist, were role models of mutual respect and collaboration. As a boss, Kofi had the ability to inspire those of us who worked closely with him to achieve things we never thought we could. Sadly he has passed. But his inspiration lives on—as do the many legacies he bequeathed to us all.
John G. Ruggie is the Berthold Beitz Professor in Human Rights and International Affairs at Harvard’s Kennedy School of Government, and Affiliated Professor in International Legal Studies at Harvard Law. In various capacities, he worked for and with Kofi Annan for a decade.
|
||||||
7733
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 67
|
https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/presentation3-29884186/29884186
|
en
|
Kofi Annan: The Secular Pope
|
[
"https://public.slidesharecdn.com/images/next/svg/logo/slideshare-scribd-company.svg?w=128&q=75 1x, https://public.slidesharecdn.com/images/next/svg/logo/slideshare-scribd-company.svg?w=256&q=75 2x",
"https://cdn.slidesharecdn.com/profile-photo-aniketpai79-48x48.jpg?cb=1523590505",
"https://image.slidesharecdn.com/presentation3-140110103153-phpapp01/85/Kofi-Annan-The-Secular-Pope-1-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/presentation3-140110103153-phpapp01/85/Kofi-Annan-The-Secular-Pope-1-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/presentation3-140110103153-phpapp01/75/Kofi-Annan-The-Secular-Pope-1-2048.jpg 2048w",
"https://image.slidesharecdn.com/presentation3-140110103153-phpapp01/85/Kofi-Annan-The-Secular-Pope-2-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/presentation3-140110103153-phpapp01/85/Kofi-Annan-The-Secular-Pope-2-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/presentation3-140110103153-phpapp01/75/Kofi-Annan-The-Secular-Pope-2-2048.jpg 2048w",
"https://image.slidesharecdn.com/presentation3-140110103153-phpapp01/85/Kofi-Annan-The-Secular-Pope-3-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/presentation3-140110103153-phpapp01/85/Kofi-Annan-The-Secular-Pope-3-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/presentation3-140110103153-phpapp01/75/Kofi-Annan-The-Secular-Pope-3-2048.jpg 2048w",
"https://image.slidesharecdn.com/presentation3-140110103153-phpapp01/85/Kofi-Annan-The-Secular-Pope-4-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/presentation3-140110103153-phpapp01/85/Kofi-Annan-The-Secular-Pope-4-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/presentation3-140110103153-phpapp01/75/Kofi-Annan-The-Secular-Pope-4-2048.jpg 2048w",
"https://image.slidesharecdn.com/presentation3-140110103153-phpapp01/85/Kofi-Annan-The-Secular-Pope-5-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/presentation3-140110103153-phpapp01/85/Kofi-Annan-The-Secular-Pope-5-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/presentation3-140110103153-phpapp01/75/Kofi-Annan-The-Secular-Pope-5-2048.jpg 2048w",
"https://image.slidesharecdn.com/presentation3-140110103153-phpapp01/85/Kofi-Annan-The-Secular-Pope-6-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/presentation3-140110103153-phpapp01/85/Kofi-Annan-The-Secular-Pope-6-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/presentation3-140110103153-phpapp01/75/Kofi-Annan-The-Secular-Pope-6-2048.jpg 2048w",
"https://image.slidesharecdn.com/presentation3-140110103153-phpapp01/85/Kofi-Annan-The-Secular-Pope-7-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/presentation3-140110103153-phpapp01/85/Kofi-Annan-The-Secular-Pope-7-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/presentation3-140110103153-phpapp01/75/Kofi-Annan-The-Secular-Pope-7-2048.jpg 2048w",
"https://image.slidesharecdn.com/presentation3-140110103153-phpapp01/85/Kofi-Annan-The-Secular-Pope-8-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/presentation3-140110103153-phpapp01/85/Kofi-Annan-The-Secular-Pope-8-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/presentation3-140110103153-phpapp01/75/Kofi-Annan-The-Secular-Pope-8-2048.jpg 2048w",
"https://image.slidesharecdn.com/presentation3-140110103153-phpapp01/85/Kofi-Annan-The-Secular-Pope-9-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/presentation3-140110103153-phpapp01/85/Kofi-Annan-The-Secular-Pope-9-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/presentation3-140110103153-phpapp01/75/Kofi-Annan-The-Secular-Pope-9-2048.jpg 2048w",
"https://image.slidesharecdn.com/presentation3-140110103153-phpapp01/85/Kofi-Annan-The-Secular-Pope-10-320.jpg 320w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/presentation3-140110103153-phpapp01/85/Kofi-Annan-The-Secular-Pope-10-638.jpg 638w, https://image.slidesharecdn.com/presentation3-140110103153-phpapp01/75/Kofi-Annan-The-Secular-Pope-10-2048.jpg 2048w"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] |
2014-01-10T10:31:52+00:00
|
Kofi Annan: The Secular Pope - Download as a PDF or view online for free
|
en
|
https://public.slidesharecdn.com/_next/static/media/favicon.7bc3d920.ico
|
SlideShare
|
https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/presentation3-29884186/29884186
|
2. Name :- Kofi Atta Annan Date Of Birth :- 8th April 1938 Nationality :- Ghanaians Country :- Ghana also Known as Golden Coast During British Rule Place Of Birth :- Kumasi ,Golden Coast Name of Sister :- Eufa Atta On 4 September 2012, Annan published his memoir, Interventions: A Life in War and Peace
3. From 1954 to 1957, Annan attended the elite Mfantsipim school, a Methodist boarding school in Cape Coast founded in the 1870s. 1957, the year Annan graduated from Mfantsipim, the Gold Coast gained independence from Britain and began using the name "Ghana". In 1958, Annan began studying economics at the Kumasi College of Science and Technology, now the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology of Ghana. He received a Ford Foundation grant, enabling him to complete his undergraduate studies at Macalester College in St. Paul, Minnesota, United States, in 1961.
4. Annan then did a DEA degree in International Relations at the Graduate Institute of International Studies in Geneva, Switzerland, from 1961–62. he studied at the MIT Sloan School of Management 1971–72 in the Sloan Fellows program and earned a Master of Science M.S. degree. Annan is fluent in English, French, Akan, some Kru languages and other African languages.
5. In 1962, Kofi Annan started working as a Budget Officer for the World Health Organization, an agency of the United Nations. From 1974 to 1976, he worked as the Director of Tourism in Ghana. 1980s, Annan returned to work for the UN, where he was appointed as an Assistant Secretary-General in three consecutive positions: Human Resources, Management and Security Coordinator 1987–1990; Program Planning, Budget and Finance, and Controller 1990–1992; and Peacekeeping Operations March 1993 – December 1996. On 13 December 1996, the United Nations Security Council recommended Annan to the SecretaryGeneral, he started his first term as Secretary-General on 1 January 1997.
6. In April 2001, Annan issued a five-point "Call to Action" to address the HIV/AIDS pandemic. Stating it was a "personal priority", Annan proposed a Global AIDS and Health Fund to stimulate the increased international spending needed to help developing countries confront the HIV/AIDS crisis. During the build-up to the 2003 invasion of Iraq, Annan called on the United States and the United Kingdom not to invade without the support of the United Nations. Annan and Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad disagreed sharply on Iran's nuclear program.
7. Annan supported sending a UN peacekeeping mission to Darfur, Sudan. He worked with the government of Sudan to accept a transfer of power from the African Union peacekeeping mission to a UN one. Annan also worked with several Arab and Muslim countries on women's rights and other topics. Kofi Annan supported his deputy Secretary-General Mark Malloch Brown, who openly criticized the United States in a speech on 6 June 2006. Kofi Annan witnessed the United Nations General Assembly's passage of UN Resolution 61/225, to establish World Diabetes Day.
8. Upon his return to Ghana, Annan was immediately suggested as a candidate to become the country's next President. In 2007, Annan was named chairman of the prize committee for the Mo Ibrahim Prize for Achievement in African Leadership, was chosen to lead the new formation of Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa. appointed president of the Global Humanitarian Forum in Geneva Annan serves as Chair of The Elders, a group of independent global leaders who work together on peace and human rights issues. Kofi Annan was appointed the Chancellor of the University of Ghana in 2008. On 23 February 2012, Annan was appointed as the UN-Arab League envoy to Syria.
9. In 1965 Kofi Annan married Titi Alakija, a Nigerian woman from a well-to-do family. Several years later they had a daughter Ama and later a son Kojo. T he couple separated in the late seventies. In 1984 Annan remarried to Nane Lagergren - a Swedish lawyer at the U.N. and niece of Raoul Wallenberg.
|
||||
7733
|
dbpedia
|
0
| 2
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kofi_Annan
|
en
|
Kofi Annan
|
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Kofi_Annan_2012_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Kofi_Annan_2012_%28cropped%29.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Kofi_Annan_signature.svg/128px-Kofi_Annan_signature.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/President_Vladimir_Putin_with_UN_Secretary_General_Kofi_Annan.jpg/220px-President_Vladimir_Putin_with_UN_Secretary_General_Kofi_Annan.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Rice_and_Annan.jpg/220px-Rice_and_Annan.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Annantrumanlibrary.jpg/220px-Annantrumanlibrary.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Kofi_Annan_%282018%29.jpg/170px-Kofi_Annan_%282018%29.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Ranjit_Bhaskar_Juba%2C_jan_9%2C_2011042_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg/220px-Ranjit_Bhaskar_Juba%2C_jan_9%2C_2011042_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/27px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/23px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/UN_emblem_blue.svg/75px-UN_emblem_blue.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/19px-Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/19px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/19px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/19px-P_vip.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png",
"https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki.svg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"
] |
2001-09-23T03:06:14+00:00
|
en
|
/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kofi_Annan
|
Secretary-General of the UN from 1997 to 2006
Kofi Atta Annan ( KOH-fee AN-an,[1] - AH-nahn;[2] 8 April 1938 – 18 August 2018) was a Ghanaian diplomat who served as the seventh secretary-general of the United Nations from 1997 to 2006.[3] Annan and the UN were the co-recipients of the 2001 Nobel Peace Prize.[4] He was the founder and chairman of the Kofi Annan Foundation, as well as chairman of The Elders, an international organisation founded by Nelson Mandela.[5]
Annan joined the United Nations in 1962, working for the World Health Organization's Geneva office. He went on to work in several capacities at the UN Headquarters, including serving as the Under-Secretary-General for peacekeeping between March 1992 and December 1996. He was appointed secretary-general on 13 December 1996 by the Security Council and later confirmed by the General Assembly, making him the first officeholder to be elected from the UN staff itself. He was re-elected for a second term in 2001 and was succeeded as secretary-general by Ban Ki-moon in 2007.
As secretary-general, Annan reformed the UN bureaucracy, worked to combat HIV/AIDS (especially in Africa) and launched the UN Global Compact. He was criticised for not expanding the Security Council and faced calls for his resignation after an investigation into the Oil-for-Food Programme, but was largely exonerated of personal corruption.[6] After the end of his term as secretary-general, he founded the Kofi Annan Foundation in 2007 to work on international development. In 2012, Annan was the UN–Arab League Joint Special Representative for Syria to help find a resolution to the Syrian civil war.[7][8] Annan quit after becoming frustrated with the UN's lack of progress with regards to conflict resolution.[9][10] In September 2016, Annan was appointed to lead a UN commission to investigate the Rohingya crisis.[11] He died in 2018 and was given a state funeral.
Early life and education
[edit]
Kofi Annan was born in Kumasi in the Gold Coast (now Ghana) on 8 April 1938.[12] His twin sister Efua Atta, who died in 1991, shared the middle name Atta, which in the Akan language means "twin".[13] Annan and his sister were born into one of the country's Fante aristocratic families; both of their grandfathers and their uncle were Fante paramount chiefs,[14] and their brother Kobina would go on to become Ghana's ambassador to Morocco.[15]
In the Akan names tradition, some children are named according to the day of the week they were born, sometimes in relation to how many children precede them. Kofi in Akan is the name that corresponds with Friday, the day on which Annan was born.[16] The last name Annan in Fante means fourth-born child. Annan said that his surname rhymes with "cannon" in English.[17]
From 1954 to 1957, Annan attended the elite Mfantsipim, an all-boys Methodist boarding school in Cape Coast founded in the 1870s. Annan said that the school taught him that "suffering anywhere, concerns people everywhere".[18] In 1957, the year Annan graduated from Mfantsipim, the Gold Coast gained independence from the UK and began using the name "Ghana".
In 1958, Annan began studying economics at the Kumasi College of Science and Technology, now the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology of Ghana. He received a Ford Foundation grant, enabling him to complete his undergraduate studies in economics at Macalester College in Saint Paul, Minnesota, US, in 1961. Annan then completed a diplôme d'études approfondies DEA degree in International Relations at the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies in Geneva, Switzerland, from 1961 to 1962. After some years of work experience, he studied at the MIT Sloan School of Management[19] (1971–72) in the Sloan Fellows program and earned a master's degree in management.
Annan was fluent in English, French, Akan, and some Kru languages as well as other African languages.[20]
Diplomatic career
[edit]
In 1962, Annan started working as a budget officer for the World Health Organization, an agency of the United Nations (UN). From 1974 to 1976, he worked as a manager of the state-owned Ghana Tourist Development Company in Accra. In 1980 he became the head of personnel for the office of the UN High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR) in Geneva. Between 1981 and 1983, he was a member of the Governing Board of the International School of Geneva.[23] In 1983 he became the director of administrative management services of the UN Secretariat in New York. In 1987, Annan was appointed as an assistant secretary-general for Human Resources Management and Security Coordinator for the UN system. In 1990, he became Assistant Secretary-General for Program Planning, Budget and Finance, and Control.
When Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali established the Department of Peacekeeping Operations (DPKO) in 1992, Annan was appointed to the new department as Deputy to then Under-Secretary-General Marrack Goulding. Annan replaced Goulding in March 1993 as Under-Secretary-General of that department after American officials persuaded Boutros-Ghali that Annan was more flexible and more aligned with the role that the Pentagon expected of UN peacekeepers in Somalia.[25] On 29 August 1995, while Boutros-Ghali was unreachable on an aeroplane, Annan instructed United Nations officials to "relinquish for a limited period of time their authority to veto air strikes in Bosnia". This move allowed NATO forces to conduct Operation Deliberate Force and made him a favourite of the United States. According to Richard Holbrooke, Annan's "gutsy performance" convinced the United States that he would be a good replacement for Boutros-Ghali.
He was appointed a special representative of the Secretary-General to the former Yugoslavia, serving from November 1995 to March 1996.[28][29]
Criticism
[edit]
In 2003, retired Canadian general Roméo Dallaire, who was force commander of the United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda (UNAMIR), claimed that Annan was overly passive in his response to the imminent genocide. In his book Shake Hands with the Devil: The Failure of Humanity in Rwanda (2003), Dallaire asserted that Annan held back UN troops from intervening to settle the conflict and from providing more logistical and material support. Dallaire claimed that Annan failed to respond to his repeated faxes asking for access to a weapons depository; such weapons could have helped Dallaire defend the endangered Tutsis. In 2004, ten years after the genocide in which an estimated 800,000 people were killed, Annan said: "I could and should have done more to sound the alarm and rally support."[30]
External videos After Words interview with Annan on Interventions, 9 September 2012, C-SPAN
In his book Interventions: A Life in War and Peace, Annan again argued that the United Nations Department of Peacekeeping Operations could have made better use of the media to raise awareness of the violence in Rwanda and put pressure on governments to provide the troops necessary for an intervention. Annan explained that the events in Somalia and the collapse of the UNOSOM II mission fostered a hesitation among UN member states to approve robust peacekeeping operations. As a result, when the UNAMIR mission was approved just days after the battle, the resulting force lacked the troop levels, resources and mandate to operate effectively.
United Nations Secretary-General (1997–2006)
[edit]
Appointment
[edit]
In 1996, Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali ran unopposed for a second term. Although he won 14 of the 15 votes on the Security Council, he was vetoed by the United States.[32] After four deadlocked meetings of the Security Council, Boutros-Ghali suspended his candidacy, becoming the only secretary-general ever to be denied a second term. Annan was the leading candidate to replace him, beating Amara Essy by one vote in the first round. However, France vetoed Annan four times before finally abstaining. The UN Security Council recommended Annan on 13 December 1996.[33] Confirmed four days later by the vote of the General Assembly,[35] he started his first term as secretary-general on 1 January 1997.
Due to Boutros-Ghali's overthrow, a second Annan term would give Africa the office of Secretary-General for three consecutive terms. In 2001, the Asia-Pacific Group agreed to support Annan for a second term in return for the African Group's support for an Asian secretary-general in the 2006 selection.[36] The Security Council recommended Annan for a second term on 27 June 2001, and the General Assembly approved his reappointment on 29 June 2001.[37]
Activities
[edit]
Recommendations for UN reform
[edit]
Soon after taking office in 1997, Annan released two reports on management reform. On 17 March 1997, the report Management and Organisational Measures (A/51/829) introduced new management mechanisms through the establishment of a cabinet-style body to assist him and the UN's activities in accordance with four core missions. A comprehensive reform agenda was issued on 14 July 1997 titled Renewing the United Nations: A Programme for Reform (A/51/950). Key proposals included the introduction of strategic management to strengthen unity of purpose, the establishment of the position of deputy secretary-general, a 10-per cent reduction in posts, a reduction in administrative costs, the consolidation of the UN at the country level, and reaching out to civil society and the private sector as partners. Annan also proposed to hold a Millennium Summit in 2000.[38] After years of research, Annan presented a progress report, In Larger Freedom, to the UN General Assembly on 21 March 2005. Annan recommended Security Council expansion and a host of other UN reforms.[39]
On 31 January 2006, Annan outlined his vision for a comprehensive and extensive reform of the UN in a policy speech to the United Nations Association UK. The speech, delivered at Central Hall, Westminster, also marked the 60th anniversary of the first meetings of the General Assembly and Security Council.[40]
On 7 March 2006, he presented to the General Assembly his proposals for a fundamental overhaul of the United Nations Secretariat. The reform report is titled Investing in the United Nations, For a Stronger Organization Worldwide.[41]
On 30 March 2006, he presented to the General Assembly his analysis and recommendations for updating the entire work programme of the United Nations Secretariat. The reform report is titled Mandating and Delivering: Analysis and Recommendations to Facilitate the Review of Mandates.[42]
Regarding the UN Human Rights Council, Annan said "declining credibility" had "cast a shadow on the reputation of the United Nations system. Unless we re-make our human rights machinery, we may be unable to renew public confidence in the United Nations itself." He believed that, despite its flaws, the council could do good.[43][44]
In March 2000, Annan appointed the Panel on United Nations Peace Operations to assess the shortcomings of the then existing system and to make specific and realistic recommendations for change. The panel was composed of individuals experienced in conflict prevention, peacekeeping and peacebuilding. The report it produced, which became known as the Brahimi Report, after the chair of the Panel Lakhdar Brahimi, called for "renewed political commitment on the part of Member States, significant institutional change, and increased financial support".[47] The Panel further noted that to be effective, UN peacekeeping operations must be adequately resourced and equipped, and operate under clear, credible and achievable mandates.[47] In a letter transmitting the report to the General Assembly and Security Council, Annan stated that the Panel's recommendations were essential to making the United Nations truly credible as a force for peace.[48] Later that same year, the Security Council adopted several provisions relating to peacekeeping following the report, in Resolution 1327.[49]
Millennium Development Goals
[edit]
In 2000, Annan issued a report titled We the Peoples: the Role of the United Nations in the 21st Century. The report called for member states to "put people at the centre of everything we do": "No calling is more noble, and no responsibility greater, than that of enabling men, women and children, in cities and villages around the world, to make their lives better."[52]: 7
In the final chapter of the report, Annan called to "free our fellow men and women from the abject and dehumanizing poverty in which more than 1 billion of them are currently confined".[52]: 77
At the Millennium Summit in September 2000, national leaders adopted the Millennium Declaration, which the United Nations Secretariat subsequently implemented as the Millennium Development Goals in 2001.
United Nations Information Technology Service
[edit]
Within the We the Peoples document, Annan suggested the establishment of a United Nations Information Technology Service (UNITeS), a consortium of high-tech volunteer corps, including NetCorps Canada and Net Corps America, which United Nations Volunteers (UNV) would coordinate. In the "Report of the high-level panel of experts on information and communication technology",[54] suggesting a UN ICT Task Force, the panel welcomed the establishment of UNITeS. It made suggestions on its configuration and implementation strategy, including that ICT4D volunteering opportunities make mobilising "national human resources" (local ICT experts) within developing countries a priority for both men and women. The initiative was launched at the UNV and was active from February 2001 to February 2005. Initiative staff and volunteers participated in the World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS) in Geneva in December 2003.[55]
United Nations Global Compact
[edit]
In an address to the World Economic Forum on 31 January 1999, Annan argued that the "goals of the United Nations and those of business can, indeed, be mutually supportive" and proposed that the private sector and the United Nations initiate "a global compact of shared values and principles, which will give a human face to the global market".[56]
On 26 July 2000, the United Nations Global Compact was officially launched at UN headquarters in New York. It is a principle-based framework for businesses which aims to "[c]atalyse actions in support of broader UN goals, such as the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)".[57] The Compact established ten core principles in the areas of human rights, labour, the environment and anti-corruption. Under the Compact, companies commit to the ten principles and are brought together with UN agencies, labour groups and civil society to implement them effectively.
Establishment of The Global Fund
[edit]
Towards the end of the 1990s, increased awareness of the destructive potential of epidemics such as HIV/AIDS pushed public health issues to the top of the global development agenda. In April 2001, Annan issued a five-point "Call to Action" to address the HIV/AIDS pandemic. Stating it was a "personal priority", Annan proposed the establishment of a Global AIDS and Health Fund, "dedicated to the battle against HIV/AIDS and other infectious diseases",[58] to stimulate the increased international spending needed to help developing countries confront the HIV/AIDS crisis. In June of that year, the General Assembly of the United Nations committed to creating such a fund during a special session on AIDS,[59] and the permanent secretariat of the Global Fund was subsequently established in January 2002.
Responsibility to Protect
[edit]
Following the failure of Annan and the international community to intervene in the genocide in Rwanda and in Srebrenica, Annan asked whether the international community had an obligation in such situations to intervene to protect civilian populations. In a speech to the General Assembly on 20 September 1999, "to address the prospects for human security and intervention in the next century",[61] Annan argued that individual sovereignty—the protections afforded by the Declaration of Human Rights and the Charter of the UN—was being strengthened, while the notion of state sovereignty was being redefined by globalisation and international co-operation. As a result, the UN and its member states had to consider a willingness to act to prevent conflict and civilian suffering, a dilemma between "two concepts of sovereignty" that Annan also presented in a preceding article in The Economist on 16 September 1999.[63]
In the March 2000 Millennium Report to the UN, Annan asked: "If humanitarian intervention is, indeed, an unacceptable assault on sovereignty, how should we respond to a Rwanda, to a Srebrenica – to gross and systematic violations of human rights that affect every precept of our common humanity?"[64]
In September 2001, the Canadian government established an ad hoc committee to address this balance between state sovereignty and humanitarian intervention. The International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty published its final report in 2001, which focused not on the right of states to intervene but on a responsibility to protect populations at risk. The report moved beyond military intervention, arguing that various diplomatic and humanitarian actions could also be utilised to protect civilian populations.[65]
In 2005, Annan included the doctrine of "Responsibility to Protect" (RtoP) in his report In Larger Freedom.[65] When the UN General Assembly endorsed that report, it amounted to the first formal endorsement by UN member states of the doctrine of RtoP.[66]
Iraq
[edit]
In the years after 1998, when UNSCOM was expelled by the government of Saddam Hussein, and during the Iraq disarmament crisis, in which the United States blamed UNSCOM and former IAEA director Hans Blix for failing to disarm Iraq properly, former UNSCOM chief weapons inspector Scott Ritter blamed Annan for being slow and ineffective in enforcing Security Council resolutions on Iraq and being overtly submissive to the demands of the Clinton administration for regime removal and inspection of sites, often presidential palaces, that were not mandated in any resolution and were of questionable intelligence value, severely hampering UNSCOM's ability to co-operate with the Iraqi government and contributing to their expulsion from the country.[67][68] Ritter also claimed that Annan regularly interfered with the work of the inspectors and diluted the chain of command by trying to micromanage all of the activities of UNSCOM, which caused intelligence processing (and the resulting inspections) to be backed up and caused confusion with the Iraqis as to who was in charge and as a result, they generally refused to take orders from Ritter or Rolf Ekéus without explicit approval from Annan, which could have taken days, if not weeks. He later believed Annan was oblivious that the Iraqis took advantage of this to delay inspections. He claimed that on one occasion, Annan refused to implement a no-notice inspection of the Iraqi Special Security Organization (SSO) headquarters and instead tried to negotiate access. Still, the negotiation took nearly six weeks, giving the Iraqis more than enough time to clean the site.[69]
During the build-up to the 2003 invasion of Iraq, Annan called on the United States and the United Kingdom not to invade without the support of the United Nations. In a September 2004 interview on the BBC, when questioned about the legal authority for the invasion, Annan said he believed it was not in conformity with the UN charter and was illegal.[70][71]
Other diplomatic activities
[edit]
In 1998, Annan was deeply involved in supporting the transition from military to civilian rule in Nigeria. The following year, he supported the efforts of East Timor to secure independence from Indonesia. In 2000, he was responsible for certifying Israel's withdrawal from Lebanon, and in 2006, he led talks in New York between the presidents of Cameroon and Nigeria, which led to a settlement of the dispute between the two countries over the Bakassi peninsula.[72]
Annan and Iranian president Mahmoud Ahmadinejad disagreed sharply on Iran's nuclear program, on an Iranian exhibition of cartoons mocking the Holocaust, and on the then-upcoming International Conference to Review the Global Vision of the Holocaust, an Iranian Holocaust denial conference in 2006.[73] During a visit to Iran instigated by continued Iranian uranium enrichment, Annan said: "I think the tragedy of the Holocaust is an undeniable historical fact and we should really accept that fact and teach people what happened in World War II and ensure it is never repeated".[73]
Annan supported sending a UN peacekeeping mission to Darfur, Sudan.[74] He worked with the government of Sudan to accept a transfer of power from the African Union peacekeeping mission to a UN one.[75] Annan also worked with several Arab and Muslim countries on women's rights and other topics.[76]
Beginning in 1998, Annan convened an annual UN "Security Council Retreat" with the 15 states' council representatives. It was held at the Rockefeller Brothers Fund (RBF) Conference Center at the Rockefeller family estate in Pocantico Hills, New York, and was sponsored by both the RBF and the UN.[77]
Lubbers sexual-harassment investigation
[edit]
In June 2004, Annan was given a copy of the Office of Internal Oversight Services (OIOS) report on the complaint brought by four female workers against Ruud Lubbers, UN High Commissioner for Refugees, for sexual harassment, abuse of authority, and retaliation. The report also reviewed a long-serving staff member's allegations of sexual harassment and misconduct against Werner Blatter, director of UNHCR personnel. The investigation found Lubbers guilty of sexual harassment; no mention was made publicly of the other charge against a senior official or two subsequent complaints filed later that year. During the official investigation, Lubbers wrote a letter which some considered a threat to the female worker who had brought the charges.[78] On 15 July 2004, Annan cleared Lubbers of the accusations, saying they were not substantial enough legally.[79] The internal UN–OIOS report on Lubbers was leaked, and sections accompanied by an article by Kate Holt were published in a British newspaper. In February 2005, Lubbers resigned as head of the UN refugee agency, saying he wanted to relieve political pressure on Annan.[80]
Oil-for-Food scandal
[edit]
In December 2004, reports surfaced that the Secretary-General's son Kojo Annan received payments from the Swiss company Cotecna Inspection SA, which had won a lucrative contract under the UN Oil-for-Food Programme. Kofi Annan called for an investigation to look into the allegations.[81] On 11 November 2005, The Sunday Times agreed to apologise and pay a substantial sum in damages to Kojo Annan, accepting that the allegations were untrue.[82]
Annan appointed the Independent Inquiry Committee,[83] which was led by former US Federal Reserve chairman Paul Volcker,[84] then the director of the United Nations Association of the US. In his first interview with the Inquiry Committee, Annan denied meeting with Cotecna. Later in the inquiry, he recalled having met with Cotecna's chief executive Elie-Georges Massey twice. In a final report issued on 27 October, the committee found insufficient evidence to indict Annan on any illegal actions but did find fault with Benon Sevan, an Armenian-Cypriot national who had worked for the UN for about 40 years. Appointed by Annan to the Oil-For-Food role, Sevan repeatedly asked Iraqis for allocations of oil to the African Middle East Petroleum Company. Sevan's behaviour was "ethically improper", Volcker said to reporters. Sevan repeatedly denied the charges and argued that he was being made a "scapegoat".[85] The Volcker report was highly critical of the UN management structure and the Security Council oversight. It strongly recommended a new chief operating officer (COO) position to handle the fiscal and administrative responsibilities then under the Secretary-General's office. The report listed the Western and Middle Eastern companies that had benefited illegally from the program.[84]
Nobel Peace Prize
[edit]
In 2001, its centennial year, the Nobel Committee decided that the Peace Prize was to be divided between the UN and Annan. They were awarded the Peace Prize "for their work for a better organized and more peaceful world",[4] having revitalised the UN and prioritised human rights. The Nobel Committee also recognised his commitment to the struggle to contain the spread of HIV in Africa and his declared opposition to international terrorism.[86]
Soon after Annan was awarded the Peace Prize, he was given a chieftaincy title by the Asantehene of Asanteman. The honour was conferred upon him for his "[selfless] contributions to humanity and promotion of peace throughout the world".[87]
Relations between the United States and the UN
[edit]
Annan defended his deputy secretary-general Mark Malloch Brown,[88] who openly criticised the United States in a speech on 6 June 2006: "[T]he prevailing practice of seeking to use the UN almost by stealth as a diplomatic tool while failing to stand up for it against its domestic critics is simply not sustainable. You will lose the UN one way or another. [...] [That] the US is constructively engaged with the UN [...] is not well known or understood, in part because much of the public discourse that reaches the US heartland has been largely abandoned to its loudest detractors such as Rush Limbaugh and Fox News."[89] Malloch later said his talk was a "sincere and constructive critique of U.S. policy toward the U.N. by a friend and admirer".[90]
The talk was unusual because it violated the unofficial policy of not having top officials publicly criticise member nations.[90] The interim US ambassador John Bolton, appointed by President George W. Bush, was reported to have told Annan on the phone: "I've known you since 1989 and I'm telling you this is the worst mistake by a senior UN official that I have seen in that entire time."[90] Observers from other nations supported Malloch's view that conservative politicians in the US prevented many citizens from understanding the benefits of US involvement in the UN.[91]
Farewell addresses
[edit]
External videos Farewell Address by Kofi Annan, 11 December 2006, C-SPAN
On 19 September 2006, Annan gave a farewell address to world leaders gathered at the UN headquarters in New York in anticipation of his retirement on 31 December. In the speech, he outlined three major problems of "an unjust world economy, world disorder, and widespread contempt for human rights and the rule of law", which he believed "have not resolved, but sharpened" during his time as secretary-general. He also pointed to violence in Africa and the Arab–Israeli conflict as two major issues warranting attention.[92]
On 11 December 2006, in his final speech as secretary-general, delivered at the Harry S. Truman Presidential Library in Independence, Missouri, Annan recalled President Truman's leadership in the founding of the United Nations. He called for the United States to return to Truman's multilateralist foreign policies and to follow Truman's doctrine that "the responsibility of the great states is to serve and not dominate the peoples of the world". He also said that the United States must maintain its commitment to human rights, "including in the struggle against terrorism".[93][94]
Post-UN career
[edit]
After he served as UN secretary-general, Annan took up residence in Geneva and worked in a leading capacity on various international humanitarian endeavours.[95]
Kofi Annan Foundation
[edit]
Main article: Kofi Annan Foundation
In 2007, Annan established the Kofi Annan Foundation, an independent, not-for-profit organisation that "works to promote better global governance and strengthen the capacities of people and countries to achieve a fairer, more secure world".[96][97]
The organisation was founded on the principles that fair and peaceful societies rest on three pillars: peace and security, sustainable development, and human rights and the rule of law, and they have made it their mission to mobilise the leadership and the political resolve needed to tackle threats to these three pillars ranging from violent conflict to flawed elections and climate change, to achieve "a fairer, more peaceful world".[97]
The Foundation provides the analytical, communication and co-ordination capacities needed to ensure that these objectives are achieved.[promotion?] Annan's contribution to peace worldwide is delivered through mediation, political mentoring, advocacy and advice.[promotion?] Through his engagement, Annan aimed to strengthen local and international conflict resolution capabilities. The Foundation provides the analytical and logistical support to facilitate this in cooperation with relevant local, regional and international actors.[98] The Foundation works mainly through private diplomacy, where Annan provided informal counsel and participated in discreet diplomatic initiatives to avert or resolve crises by applying his experience and inspirational leadership.[peacock prose] He was often asked to intercede in crises, sometimes as an impartial, independent mediator, sometimes as a special envoy of the international community. In recent years[timeframe?] he had provided such counsel to Burkina Faso, Kenya, Myanmar, Senegal, Iraq and Colombia.[99]
Kenya National Dialogue and Reconciliation Process
[edit]
Following the outbreak of violence after the 2007 presidential elections in Kenya, the African Union (AU) established the Panel of Eminent African Personalities to assist in finding a peaceful solution to the crisis.[100] Annan was appointed as chair of the panel, to lead it with Benjamin Mkapa, former president of Tanzania; and humanitarian Graça Machel, the former first lady of Mozambique and South Africa.[101]
The panel managed to convince the two principal parties to the conflict, Kenyan president Mwai Kibaki's Party of National Unity (PNU) and Raila Odinga's Orange Democratic Movement (ODM), to participate in the Kenya National Dialogue and Reconciliation Process (KNDR).[100] Over the course of 41 days of negotiations, several agreements regarding taking actions to stop the violence and to remedy its consequences were signed. On 28 February, President Kibaki and Prime Minister Odinga signed a coalition government agreement.[102][103]
Joint Special Envoy for Syria
[edit]
On 23 February 2012, Annan was appointed as the UN and Arab League joint special envoy to Syria in an attempt to end the civil war taking place.[8] He developed a six-point plan for peace:[104]
commit to work with the Envoy in an inclusive Syrian-led political process to address the legitimate aspirations and concerns of the Syrian people, and, to this end, commit to appoint an empowered interlocutor when invited to do so by the Envoy;
commit to stop the fighting and achieve urgently an effective United Nations supervised cessation of armed violence in all its forms by all parties to protect civilians and stabilise the country.
To this end, the Syrian government should immediately cease troop movements towards, and end the use of heavy weapons in, population centres, and begin pullback of military concentrations in and around population centres.
As these actions are being taken on the ground, the Syrian government should work with the Envoy to bring about a sustained cessation of armed violence in all its forms by all parties with an effective United Nations supervision mechanism.
Similar commitments would be sought by the Envoy from the opposition and all relevant elements to stop the fighting and work with him to bring about a sustained cessation of armed violence in all its forms by all parties with an effective United Nations supervision mechanism;
ensure timely provision of humanitarian assistance to all areas affected by the fighting, and to this end, as immediate steps, to accept and implement a daily two-hour humanitarian pause and to coordinate exact time and modalities of the daily pause through an efficient mechanism, including at local level;
intensify the pace and scale of release of arbitrarily detained persons, including especially vulnerable categories of persons, and persons involved in peaceful political activities, provide without delay through appropriate channels a list of all places in which such persons are being detained, immediately begin organizing access to such locations and through appropriate channels respond promptly to all written requests for information, access or release regarding such persons;
ensure freedom of movement throughout the country for journalists and a non-discriminatory visa policy for them;
respect freedom of association and the right to demonstrate peacefully as legally guaranteed.
On 2 August, he resigned as envoy to Syria,[105] citing the intransigence of both the Assad government and the rebels, as well as the stalemate on the Security Council as preventing any peaceful resolution of the situation.[106] Annan also stated that the lack of international unity and ineffective diplomacy among world leaders had made the peaceful resolution in Syria an impossible task.[107]
Global Commission on Elections, Democracy and Security
[edit]
Annan served as the chair of the Global Commission on Elections, Democracy and Security.[108] The commission was launched in May 2011 as a joint initiative of the Kofi Annan Foundation and the International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance. It comprised 12 eminent individuals from around the world, including Ernesto Zedillo, Martti Ahtisaari, Madeleine Albright and Amartya Sen, and aimed to highlight the importance of the integrity of elections to achieving a more secure, prosperous and stable world. The Commission released its final report, Deepening Democracy, a Strategy to Improve the Integrity of Elections Worldwide,[109] in September 2012.
Rakhine Commission (Myanmar)
[edit]
In September 2016, Annan was asked to lead the Advisory Commission on Rakhine State, Myanmar,[110][111][112][113] an impoverished region beset by ethnic conflict and extreme sectarian violence, particularly by Myanmar's Buddhist majority against the Rohingya Muslim minority, further targeted by government forces.[114][115][116][117] The commission, widely known simply as the "Annan Commission", was opposed by many Myanmar Buddhists as unwelcome interference in their relations with the Rohingya.[110]
When the Annan Commission released its final report,[112] the week of 24 August 2017, with recommendations unpopular with all sides, violence exploded in the Rohingya conflict – the largest and bloodiest humanitarian disaster in the region in decades – driving most of the Rohingya from Myanmar.[117][116][118] Annan attempted to engage the United Nations to resolve the matter,[119] but failed.
Annan died a week before the first anniversary of the report, shortly after an announcement by a replacement commission that it would not "point fingers" at the guilty parties – leading to widespread concern that the new commission was just a sham to protect culpable Myanmar government officials and citizens from accountability.[113][120][118][121]
In 2018, before Annan's death, Myanmar's civilian government, under the direction of State Counsellor Aung San Suu Kyi, made a gesture of acceptance of the Annan commission's recommendations by convening another board – the advisory board for the Committee for Implementation of the Recommendations on Rakhine State – ostensibly to implement the Annan commission's proposed reforms, but never actually implemented them. Some of the international representatives resigned – notably the panel's secretary, Thailand's former foreign minister Surakiart Sathirathai, and former US ambassador to the UN Bill Richardson – decrying the "implementation" committee as ineffective, or a "whitewash".[111][122]
Other activities
[edit]
Corporate boards
[edit]
In March 2011,[123] Annan became a member of the advisory board for Investcorp Bank B. S. C.[124] Europe,[125] an international private equity firm and sovereign wealth fund owned by the United Arab Emirates. He held the position until 2018.
Annan became a member of the Global Advisory Board of Macro Advisory Partners LLP, a risk and strategic consulting firm based in London and New York City for business, finance and government decision-makers, with some operations related to Investcorp.[126]
Non-profit organisations
[edit]
In addition to the above, Annan also became involved with several organisations with both global and African focuses, including the following:
United Nations Foundation, member of the board of directors (2008–2018)[127]
University of Ghana, chancellor (2008–2018)[128]
School of International and Public Affairs of Columbia University, global fellow (2009–2018)[129]
The Committee on Global Thought at Columbia University, fellow[130]
Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy at the National University of Singapore (NUS), Li Ka Shing Professor (2009–2018)[131]
Global Centre for Pluralism, member of the board of directors (2010–2018)[132][133]
Mo Ibrahim Prize for Achievement in African Leadership, chairman of the prize committee (2007–2018)[134]
Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa (AGRA), chairman (2007–2018)[135]
Global Humanitarian Forum, founder and president (2007–2018)[136]
Global Commission on Drug Policy, founding commissioner. The commission had declared in a 2011 report that the war on drugs was a failure. Annan believed that, since drug use represents a health risk, it should be regulated, comparing it to the regulation of tobacco which reduced smoking in many countries.
Annan served as chair of The Elders, a group of independent global leaders who work together on peace and human rights issues.[140][141] In November 2008, Annan and fellow elders Jimmy Carter and Graça Machel attempted to travel to Zimbabwe to make a first-hand assessment of the humanitarian situation in the country. Refused entry, the Elders instead carried out their assessment from Johannesburg, where they met Zimbabwe- and South Africa-based leaders from politics, business, international organisations, and civil society.[142] In May 2011, following months of political violence in Côte d'Ivoire, Annan travelled to the country with elders Desmond Tutu and Mary Robinson to encourage national reconciliation.[143] On 16 October 2014, Annan attended the One Young World Summit in Dublin. During a session with fellow elder Mary Robinson, Annan encouraged 1,300 young leaders from 191 countries to lead on intergenerational issues such as climate change and the need for action to take place now, not tomorrow:[144][145]
We don't have to wait to act. The action must be now. You will come across people who think we should start tomorrow. Even for those who believe action should begin tomorrow, remind them tomorrow begins now, tomorrow begins today, so let's all move forward.[146]
Annan chaired the Africa Progress Panel (APP), a group of ten distinguished individuals who advocate at the highest levels for equitable and sustainable development in Africa. As chair, he facilitated coalition building to leverage and broker knowledge, in addition to convening decision-makers to influence policy and create lasting change in Africa.[promotion?] Every year, the Panel releases a report, the Africa Progress Report,[147] which outlines an issue of immediate importance to the continent and suggests a set of associated policies. In 2014, the Report highlighted the potential of African fisheries, agriculture, and forests to drive economic development.[148] The 2015 report explores the role of climate change and the potential of renewable energy investments in determining Africa's economic future.[149]
Prioritisation of snakebite in the WHO
Kofi Annan played a pivotal role in getting a WHO resolution on halving the burden of snakebite in late 2020's. [150]
Memoir
[edit]
On 4 September 2012, Annan with Nader Mousavizadeh wrote a memoir, Interventions: A Life in War and Peace.[151] Published by Penguin Press, the book has been described as a "personal biography of global statecraft".[152]
Personal life
[edit]
In 1965, Annan married Titi Alakija, a Nigerian woman from an aristocratic family. Several years later, they had a daughter, Ama, and a son, Kojo. The couple separated in the late 1970s,[153] and divorced in 1983.[13]
In 1984, Annan married Nane Lagergren [sv], a Swedish lawyer at the UN and a maternal half-niece of diplomat Raoul Wallenberg. She has a daughter, Nina, from a previous marriage.
In 2002, Annan was enstooled by Otumfuo Nana Osei Tutu II, the Asantehene of Asanteman, as the Busumuru of the Ashanti people - a Ghanaian chief. He was the first person to hold this title.[156][157]
Death and state funeral
[edit]
Annan died on the morning of 18 August 2018 in Bern, Switzerland, at the age of 80, after a short illness.[158][159] António Guterres, the UN secretary-general, said that Annan was "a global champion for peace" and "a guiding force for good".[160][158] Malaysian Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad also said he is saddened by the death of Annan.[161] His body was returned to his native Ghana from Geneva in a brief and solemn ceremony at the Kotoka International Airport in Accra, on 10 September.[162] His coffin, draped in the blue UN flag, was accompanied by his widow Nane, his children and senior diplomats from the international organisation.[162][163]
On 13 September, a state funeral was held for Annan in Ghana at the Accra International Conference Centre.[164] The ceremony was attended by several political leaders from across Africa as well as Ghanaian traditional rulers, European royalty and dignitaries from the international community, including the UN secretary-general António Guterres.[165] Prior to the funeral service, his body lay in state in the foyer of the same venue, from 11 to 12 September.[166] A private burial followed the funeral service at the new Military Cemetery at Burma Camp, with full military honours and the sounding of the Last Post by army buglers and a 17-gun salute.[167][168][169][170]
Memorials and legacy
[edit]
The United Nations Postal Administration released a new stamp in memory of Annan on 31 May 2019.[171] His portrait on the stamp was designed by artist Martin Mörck.[171] The Kofi Annan International Peacekeeping Training Centre and the Ghana-India Kofi Annan Centre of Excellence in ICT, both in Accra, are named in his honour. The Kofi Annan University of Guinea is named after him.[citation needed]
See also
[edit]
List of black Nobel laureates
References
[edit]
Citations
[edit]
Bibliography
[edit]
Further reading
[edit]
Kofi Annan Foundation
Kofi Annan papers Archived 4 October 2018 at the Wayback Machine at the United Nations Archives
Kofi Annan on Nobelprize.org (including Nobel Lecture, 10 December 2001)
Speeches
Statements of Secretary-General Kofi Annan at the Wayback Machine (archived 7 July 2004)
Nobel Peace Prize lecture Archived 12 April 2023 at the Wayback Machine
Lectures
The MacArthur Award for International Justice, 2008 Archived 8 May 2014 at the Wayback Machine in the Lecture Series of the United Nations Audiovisual Library of International Law Archived 12 November 2006 at the Wayback Machine
|
||||||
7733
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 88
|
https://kids.kiddle.co/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology
|
en
|
Massachusetts Institute of Technology facts for kids
|
[
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/wk/kids-robot.svg",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/wk/kids-search-engine.svg",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/thumb/4/44/MIT_Seal.svg/210px-MIT_Seal.svg.png",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/thumb/0/0c/MIT_logo.svg/210px-MIT_logo.svg.png",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/thumb/5/52/MIT_Boston_19th_c_byEdward_L_Allen_BPL_2351553844_%28cropped%29.jpg/300px-MIT_Boston_19th_c_byEdward_L_Allen_BPL_2351553844_%28cropped%29.jpg",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/thumb/d/de/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology%2C_Rogers_Building%2C_Boston%2C_ca._1901.jpg/300px-Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology%2C_Rogers_Building%2C_Boston%2C_ca._1901.jpg",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/thumb/9/96/%D0%9C%D0%98%D0%A2_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%81_1905.jpg/300px-%D0%9C%D0%98%D0%A2_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%81_1905.jpg",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/thumb/2/25/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology%2C_Boston%2C_Mass_%28NYPL_b12647398-74365%29_%28cropped%29.tiff/300px-Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology%2C_Boston%2C_Mass_%28NYPL_b12647398-74365%29_%28cropped%29.tiff.jpg",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/thumb/a/a8/George_Eastman_plaque_in_Eastman_Laboratories_building_%28MIT_Building_6%29.jpg/230px-George_Eastman_plaque_in_Eastman_Laboratories_building_%28MIT_Building_6%29.jpg",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/thumb/e/ed/VeteransDayMIT.jpg/300px-VeteransDayMIT.jpg",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/thumb/c/c3/MIT_Media_Lab.jpg/300px-MIT_Media_Lab.jpg",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/thumb/1/1a/MIT_Main_Campus_aerial.jpg/300px-MIT_Main_Campus_aerial.jpg",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/thumb/6/6a/Great_Dome%2C_Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology%2C_Aug_2019.jpg/300px-Great_Dome%2C_Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology%2C_Aug_2019.jpg",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/thumb/4/40/Stata_Center_%2805689p%29.jpg/230px-Stata_Center_%2805689p%29.jpg",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/thumb/6/6b/Simmons_Hall%2C_MIT%2C_Cambridge%2C_Massachusetts.JPG/300px-Simmons_Hall%2C_MIT%2C_Cambridge%2C_Massachusetts.JPG",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/thumb/0/00/MIT_Lobby_7.jpg/230px-MIT_Lobby_7.jpg",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/thumb/5/54/Decrease_Neutral.svg/11px-Decrease_Neutral.svg.png",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/thumb/2/27/Infinitecorridor.jpg/300px-Infinitecorridor.jpg",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/thumb/9/9d/MIT_Kresge_Auditorium.jpg/300px-MIT_Kresge_Auditorium.jpg",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/thumb/5/59/MIT_Walker_Memorial.jpg/300px-MIT_Walker_Memorial.jpg",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/thumb/2/25/MIT_2012-07-18.jpg/300px-MIT_2012-07-18.jpg",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/thumb/2/20/Huntbeginsinlobby7.jpg/300px-Huntbeginsinlobby7.jpg",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/thumb/4/49/MIT_Z_Center.jpg/300px-MIT_Z_Center.jpg",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/thumb/7/72/Ford-MIT_Nobel_Laureate_Lecture_Series_2000-09-18.jpg/300px-Ford-MIT_Nobel_Laureate_Lecture_Series_2000-09-18.jpg",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/thumb/d/dc/Buzz_Aldrin.jpg/133px-Buzz_Aldrin.jpg",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/thumb/1/1a/Kofi_Annan.jpg/125px-Kofi_Annan.jpg",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/thumb/d/d5/President_Virgilio_Barco.png/106px-President_Virgilio_Barco.png",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/thumb/3/3f/Ben_Bernanke_official_portrait.jpg/133px-Ben_Bernanke_official_portrait.jpg",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/thumb/c/c7/Esther_Duflo_-_Pop%21Tech_2009_-_001_%28cropped%29.jpg/133px-Esther_Duflo_-_Pop%21Tech_2009_-_001_%28cropped%29.jpg",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/thumb/4/42/Richard_Feynman_Nobel.jpg/118px-Richard_Feynman_Nobel.jpg",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/thumb/a/a3/Edward_Michael_Fincke.jpg/133px-Edward_Michael_Fincke.jpg",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/thumb/4/49/Daniel_Chester_French_1902_crop.jpg/114px-Daniel_Chester_French_1902_crop.jpg",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/thumb/4/48/Paul_Krugman-press_conference_Dec_07th%2C_2008-8.jpg/135px-Paul_Krugman-press_conference_Dec_07th%2C_2008-8.jpg",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/thumb/a/a1/Ronald_mcnair.jpg/132px-Ronald_mcnair.jpg",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/thumb/6/60/Benjamin_Netanyahu.jpg/118px-Benjamin_Netanyahu.jpg",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/thumb/b/bb/I.M._Pei.JPG/148px-I.M._Pei.JPG",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/thumb/9/99/ClaudeShannon_MFO3807.jpg/118px-ClaudeShannon_MFO3807.jpg",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/thumb/0/0c/Alfred_P._Sloan_on_the_cover_of_TIME_Magazine%2C_December_27%2C_1926.jpg/127px-Alfred_P._Sloan_on_the_cover_of_TIME_Magazine%2C_December_27%2C_1926.jpg",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/thumb/7/76/TomScholz.JPG/133px-TomScholz.JPG",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/thumb/c/ca/Michael_Massimino.jpg/133px-Michael_Massimino.jpg",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/thumb/b/bf/Robert_Woodward_Nobel.jpg/118px-Robert_Woodward_Nobel.jpg",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/wk/kids-search-engine.svg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
Learn Massachusetts Institute of Technology facts for kids
|
en
|
/images/wk/favicon-16x16.png
|
https://kids.kiddle.co/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology
|
"MIT" redirects here. For other uses, see MIT (disambiguation).
The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) is a private land-grant research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Established in 1861, MIT has played a significant role in the development of many areas of modern technology and science.
Founded in response to the increasing industrialization of the United States, MIT adopted a European polytechnic university model and stressed laboratory instruction in applied science and engineering. MIT is one of three private land-grant universities in the United States, the others being Cornell University and Tuskegee University. The institute has an urban campus that extends more than a mile (1.6 km) alongside the Charles River, and encompasses a number of major off-campus facilities such as the MIT Lincoln Laboratory, the Bates Center, and the Haystack Observatory, as well as affiliated laboratories such as the Broad and Whitehead Institutes.
As of October 2023 , 101 Nobel laureates, 26 Turing Award winners, and 8 Fields Medalists have been affiliated with MIT as alumni, faculty members, or researchers. In addition, 58 National Medal of Science recipients, 29 National Medals of Technology and Innovation recipients, 50 MacArthur Fellows, 83 Marshall Scholars, 41 astronauts, 16 Chief Scientists of the US Air Force, and 1 foreign head of state have been affiliated with MIT. The institute also has a strong entrepreneurial culture and MIT alumni have founded or co-founded many notable companies. MIT is a member of the Association of American Universities.
History
Foundation and vision
In 1859, a proposal was submitted to the Massachusetts General Court to use newly filled lands in Back Bay, Boston for a "Conservatory of Art and Science", but the proposal failed. A charter for the incorporation of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, proposed by William Barton Rogers, was signed by John Albion Andrew, the governor of Massachusetts, on April 10, 1861.
Rogers, a former student of the College of William and Mary and professor at the University of Virginia, wanted to establish an institution to address rapid scientific and technological advances. He did not wish to found a professional school, but a combination with elements of both professional and liberal education, proposing that:
The true and only practicable object of a polytechnic school is, as I conceive, the teaching, not of the minute details and manipulations of the arts, which can be done only in the workshop, but the inculcation of those scientific principles which form the basis and explanation of them, and along with this, a full and methodical review of all their leading processes and operations in connection with physical laws.
The Rogers Plan reflected the German research university model, emphasizing an independent faculty engaged in research, as well as instruction oriented around seminars and laboratories.
Early developments
Two days after MIT was chartered, the first battle of the Civil War broke out. After a long delay through the war years, MIT's first classes were held in the Mercantile Building in Boston in 1865. The new institute was founded as part of the Morrill Land-Grant Colleges Act to fund institutions "to promote the liberal and practical education of the industrial classes" and was a land-grant school. In 1863 under the same act, the Commonwealth of Massachusetts founded the Massachusetts Agricultural College, which developed as the University of Massachusetts Amherst. In 1866, the proceeds from land sales went toward new buildings in the Back Bay.
MIT was informally called "Boston Tech". The institute adopted the European polytechnic university model and emphasized laboratory instruction from an early date. Despite chronic financial problems, the institute saw growth in the last two decades of the 19th century under President Francis Amasa Walker. Programs in electrical, chemical, marine, and sanitary engineering were introduced, new buildings were built, and the size of the student body increased to more than one thousand.
The curriculum drifted to a vocational emphasis, with less focus on theoretical science. The fledgling school still suffered from chronic financial shortages which diverted the attention of the MIT leadership. During these "Boston Tech" years, MIT faculty and alumni rebuffed Harvard University president (and former MIT faculty) Charles W. Eliot's repeated attempts to merge MIT with Harvard College's Lawrence Scientific School. There would be at least six attempts to absorb MIT into Harvard. In its cramped Back Bay location, MIT could not afford to expand its overcrowded facilities, driving a desperate search for a new campus and funding. Eventually, the MIT Corporation approved a formal agreement to merge with Harvard, over the vehement objections of MIT faculty, students, and alumni. However, a 1917 decision by the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court effectively put an end to the merger scheme.
In 1916, the MIT administration and the MIT charter crossed the Charles River on the ceremonial barge Bucentaur built for the occasion, to signify MIT's move to a spacious new campus largely consisting of filled land on a one mile-long (1.6 km) tract along the Cambridge side of the Charles River. The neoclassical "New Technology" campus was designed by William W. Bosworth and had been funded largely by anonymous donations from a mysterious "Mr. Smith", starting in 1912. In January 1920, the donor was revealed to be the industrialist George Eastman of Rochester, New York, who had invented methods of film production and processing, and founded Eastman Kodak. Between 1912 and 1920, Eastman donated $20 million ($236.6 million in 2015 dollars) in cash and Kodak stock to MIT.
Curricular reforms
In the 1930s, President Karl Taylor Compton and Vice-President (effectively Provost) Vannevar Bush emphasized the importance of pure sciences like physics and chemistry and reduced the vocational practice required in shops and drafting studios. The Compton reforms "renewed confidence in the ability of the Institute to develop leadership in science as well as in engineering". Unlike Ivy League schools, MIT catered more to middle-class families, and depended more on tuition than on endowments or grants for its funding. The school was elected to the Association of American Universities in 1934.
Still, as late as 1949, the Lewis Committee lamented in its report on the state of education at MIT that "the Institute is widely conceived as basically a vocational school", a "partly unjustified" perception the committee sought to change. The report comprehensively reviewed the undergraduate curriculum, recommended offering a broader education, and warned against letting engineering and government-sponsored research detract from the sciences and humanities. The School of Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences and the MIT Sloan School of Management were formed in 1950 to compete with the powerful Schools of Science and Engineering. Previously marginalized faculties in the areas of economics, management, political science, and linguistics emerged into cohesive and assertive departments by attracting respected professors and launching competitive graduate programs. The School of Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences continued to develop under the successive terms of the more humanistically oriented presidents Howard W. Johnson and Jerome Wiesner between 1966 and 1980.
Defense research
MIT's involvement in military science surged during World War II. In 1941, Vannevar Bush was appointed head of the federal Office of Scientific Research and Development and directed funding to only a select group of universities, including MIT. Engineers and scientists from across the country gathered at MIT's Radiation Laboratory, established in 1940 to assist the British military in developing microwave radar. The work done there significantly affected both the war and subsequent research in the area. Other defense projects included gyroscope-based and other complex control systems for gunsight, bombsight, and inertial navigation under Charles Stark Draper's Instrumentation Laboratory; the development of a digital computer for flight simulations under Project Whirlwind; and high-speed and high-altitude photography under Harold Edgerton. By the end of the war, MIT became the nation's largest wartime R&D contractor (attracting some criticism of Bush), employing nearly 4000 in the Radiation Laboratory alone and receiving in excess of $100 million ($1.2 billion in 2015 dollars) before 1946. Work on defense projects continued even after then. Post-war government-sponsored research at MIT included SAGE and guidance systems for ballistic missiles and Project Apollo.
These activities affected MIT profoundly. A 1949 report noted the lack of "any great slackening in the pace of life at the Institute" to match the return to peacetime, remembering the "academic tranquility of the prewar years", though acknowledging the significant contributions of military research to the increased emphasis on graduate education and rapid growth of personnel and facilities. The faculty doubled and the graduate student body quintupled during the terms of Karl Taylor Compton, president of MIT between 1930 and 1948; James Rhyne Killian, president from 1948 to 1957; and Julius Adams Stratton, chancellor from 1952 to 1957, whose institution-building strategies shaped the expanding university. By the 1950s, MIT no longer simply benefited the industries with which it had worked for three decades, and it had developed closer working relationships with new patrons, philanthropic foundations and the federal government.
In late 1960s and early 1970s, student and faculty activists protested against the Vietnam War and MIT's defense research. In this period MIT's various departments were researching helicopters, smart bombs and counterinsurgency techniques for the war in Vietnam as well as guidance systems for nuclear missiles. The Union of Concerned Scientists was founded on March 4, 1969 during a meeting of faculty members and students seeking to shift the emphasis on military research toward environmental and social problems. MIT ultimately divested itself from the Instrumentation Laboratory and moved all classified research off-campus to the MIT Lincoln Laboratory facility in 1973 in response to the protests. The student body, faculty, and administration remained comparatively unpolarized during what was a tumultuous time for many other universities. Johnson was seen to be highly successful in leading his institution to "greater strength and unity" after these times of turmoil. However six MIT students were sentenced to prison terms at this time and some former student leaders, such as Michael Albert and George Katsiaficas, are still indignant about MIT's role in military research and its suppression of these protests. (Richard Leacock's film, November Actions, records some of these tumultuous events.)
In the 1980s, there was more controversy at MIT over its involvement in SDI (space weaponry) and CBW (chemical and biological warfare) research. More recently, MIT's research for the military has included work on robots, drones and 'battle suits'.
Recent history
MIT has kept pace with and helped to advance the digital age. In addition to developing the predecessors to modern computing and networking technologies, students, staff, and faculty members at Project MAC, the Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, and the Tech Model Railroad Club wrote some of the earliest interactive computer video games like Spacewar! and created much of modern hacker slang and culture. Several major computer-related organizations have originated at MIT since the 1980s: Richard Stallman's GNU Project and the subsequent Free Software Foundation were founded in the mid-1980s at the AI Lab; the MIT Media Lab was founded in 1985 by Nicholas Negroponte and Jerome Wiesner to promote research into novel uses of computer technology; the World Wide Web Consortium standards organization was founded at the Laboratory for Computer Science in 1994 by Tim Berners-Lee; the OpenCourseWare project has made course materials for over 2,000 MIT classes available online free of charge since 2002; and the One Laptop per Child initiative to expand computer education and connectivity to children worldwide was launched in 2005.
MIT was named a sea-grant college in 1976 to support its programs in oceanography and marine sciences and was named a space-grant college in 1989 to support its aeronautics and astronautics programs. Despite diminishing government financial support over the past quarter century, MIT launched several successful development campaigns to significantly expand the campus: new dormitories and athletics buildings on west campus; the Tang Center for Management Education; several buildings in the northeast corner of campus supporting research into biology, brain and cognitive sciences, genomics, biotechnology, and cancer research; and a number of new "backlot" buildings on Vassar Street including the Stata Center. Construction on campus in the 2000s included expansions of the Media Lab, the Sloan School's eastern campus, and graduate residences in the northwest. In 2006, President Hockfield launched the MIT Energy Research Council to investigate the interdisciplinary challenges posed by increasing global energy consumption.
In 2001, inspired by the open source and open access movements, MIT launched OpenCourseWare to make the lecture notes, problem sets, syllabi, exams, and lectures from the great majority of its courses available online for no charge, though without any formal accreditation for coursework completed. While the cost of supporting and hosting the project is high, OCW expanded in 2005 to include other universities as a part of the OpenCourseWare Consortium, which currently includes more than 250 academic institutions with content available in at least six languages. In 2011, MIT announced it would offer formal certification (but not credits or degrees) to online participants completing coursework in its "MITx" program, for a modest fee. The "edX" online platform supporting MITx was initially developed in partnership with Harvard and its analogous "Harvardx" initiative. The courseware platform is open source, and other universities have already joined and added their own course content. In March 2009 the MIT faculty adopted an open-access policy to make its scholarship publicly accessible online.
MIT has its own police force. Three days after the Boston Marathon bombing of April 2013, MIT Police patrol officer Sean Collier was fatally shot by the suspects Dzhokhar and Tamerlan Tsarnaev, setting off a violent manhunt that shut down the campus and much of the Boston metropolitan area for a day. One week later, Collier's memorial service was attended by more than 10,000 people, in a ceremony hosted by the MIT community with thousands of police officers from the New England region and Canada. On November 25, 2013, MIT announced the creation of the Collier Medal, to be awarded annually to "an individual or group that embodies the character and qualities that Officer Collier exhibited as a member of the MIT community and in all aspects of his life". The announcement further stated that "Future recipients of the award will include those whose contributions exceed the boundaries of their profession, those who have contributed to building bridges across the community, and those who consistently and selflessly perform acts of kindness".
In September 2017, the school announced the creation of an artificial intelligence research lab called the MIT-IBM Watson AI Lab. IBM will spend $240 million over the next decade, and the lab will be staffed by MIT and IBM scientists. In October 2018 MIT announced that it would open a new Schwarzman College of Computing dedicated to the study of artificial intelligence, named after lead donor and The Blackstone Group CEO Stephen Schwarzman. The focus of the new college is to study not just AI, but interdisciplinary AI education, and how AI can be used in fields as diverse as history and biology. The cost of buildings and new faculty for the new college is expected to be $1 billion upon completion.
The Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) was designed and constructed by a team of scientists from California Institute of Technology, MIT, and industrial contractors, and funded by the National Science Foundation. It was designed to open the field of gravitational-wave astronomy through the detection of gravitational waves predicted by general relativity. Gravitational waves were detected for the first time by the LIGO detector in 2015. For contributions to the LIGO detector and the observation of gravitational waves, two Caltech physicists, Kip Thorne and Barry Barish, and MIT physicist Rainer Weiss won the Nobel Prize in physics in 2017. Weiss, who is also an MIT graduate, designed the laser interferometric technique, which served as the essential blueprint for the LIGO.
Campus
Main article: Campus of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology
MIT's 166-acre (67.2 ha) campus in the city of Cambridge spans approximately a mile along the north side of the Charles River basin. The campus is divided roughly in half by Massachusetts Avenue, with most dormitories and student life facilities to the west and most academic buildings to the east. The bridge closest to MIT is the Harvard Bridge, which is known for being marked off in a non-standard unit of length – the smoot.
The Kendall/MIT MBTA Red Line station is located on the northeastern edge of the campus, in Kendall Square. The Cambridge neighborhoods surrounding MIT are a mixture of high tech companies occupying both modern office and rehabilitated industrial buildings, as well as socio-economically diverse residential neighborhoods. In early 2016, MIT presented its updated Kendall Square Initiative to the City of Cambridge, with plans for mixed-use educational, retail, residential, startup incubator, and office space in a dense high-rise transit-oriented development plan. The MIT Museum has moved immediately adjacent to a Kendall Square subway entrance, joining the List Visual Arts Center on the eastern end of the campus.
Each building at MIT has a number (possibly preceded by a W, N, E, or NW) designation, and most have a name as well. Typically, academic and office buildings are referred to primarily by number while residence halls are referred to by name. The organization of building numbers roughly corresponds to the order in which the buildings were built and their location relative (north, west, and east) to the original center cluster of Maclaurin buildings. Many of the buildings are connected above ground as well as through an extensive network of tunnels, providing protection from the Cambridge weather as well as a venue for roof and tunnel hacking.
MIT's on-campus nuclear reactor is one of the most powerful university-based nuclear reactors in the United States. The prominence of the reactor's containment building in a densely populated area has been controversial, but MIT maintains that it is well-secured. In 1999 Bill Gates donated US$20 million to MIT for the construction of a computer laboratory named the "William H. Gates Building", and designed by architect Frank Gehry. While Microsoft had previously given financial support to the institution, this was the first personal donation received from Gates.
MIT Nano, also known as Building 12, is an interdisciplinary facility for nanoscale research. Its 100,000 sq ft (9,300 m2) cleanroom and research space, visible through expansive glass facades, is the largest research facility of its kind in the nation. With a cost of US$400 million, it is also one of the costliest buildings on campus. The facility also provides state-of-the-art nanoimaging capabilities with vibration damped imaging and metrology suites sitting atop a 5×10^6 lb (2,300,000 kg) slab of concrete underground.
Other notable campus facilities include a pressurized wind tunnel for testing aerodynamic research, a towing tank for testing ship and ocean structure designs, and previously Alcator C-Mod, which was the largest fusion device operated by any university. MIT's campus-wide wireless network was completed in the fall of 2005 and consists of nearly 3,000 access points covering 9.4×10^6 sq ft (870,000 m2) of campus.
In 2001, the Environmental Protection Agency sued MIT for violating the Clean Water Act and the Clean Air Act with regard to its hazardous waste storage and disposal procedures. MIT settled the suit by paying a $155,000 fine and launching three environmental projects. In connection with capital campaigns to expand the campus, the Institute has also extensively renovated existing buildings to improve their energy efficiency. MIT has also taken steps to reduce its environmental impact by running alternative fuel campus shuttles, subsidizing public transportation passes, and building a low-emission cogeneration plant that serves most of the campus electricity, heating, and cooling requirements.
MIT has substantial commercial real estate holdings in Cambridge on which it pays property taxes, plus an additional voluntary payment in lieu of taxes (PILOT) on academic buildings which are legally tax-exempt. As of 2017 , it is the largest taxpayer in the city, contributing approximately 14% of the city's annual revenues. Holdings include Technology Square, parts of Kendall Square, and many properties in Cambridgeport and Area 4 neighboring the educational buildings. The land is held for investment purposes and potential long-term expansion.
Architecture
MIT's School of Architecture, founded in 1865 and now called the School of Architecture and Planning, was the first formal architecture program in the United States, and it has a history of commissioning progressive buildings. The first buildings constructed on the Cambridge campus, completed in 1916, are sometimes called the "Maclaurin buildings" after Institute president Richard Maclaurin who oversaw their construction. Designed by William Welles Bosworth, these imposing buildings were built of reinforced concrete, a first for a non-industrial – much less university – building in the US. Bosworth's design was influenced by the City Beautiful Movement of the early 1900s and features the Pantheon-esque Great Dome housing the Barker Engineering Library. The Great Dome overlooks Killian Court, where graduation ceremonies are held each year. The friezes of the limestone-clad buildings around Killian Court are engraved with the names of important scientists and philosophers. The spacious Building 7 atrium at 77 Massachusetts Avenue is regarded as the entrance to the Infinite Corridor and the rest of the campus.
Alvar Aalto's Baker House (1947), Eero Saarinen's MIT Chapel and Kresge Auditorium (1955), and I.M. Pei's Green, Dreyfus, Landau, and Wiesner buildings represent high forms of post-war modernist architecture. More recent buildings like Frank Gehry's Stata Center (2004), Steven Holl's Simmons Hall (2002), Charles Correa's Building 46 (2005), and Fumihiko Maki's Media Lab Extension (2009) stand out among the Boston area's classical architecture and serve as examples of contemporary campus "starchitecture". These buildings have not always been well received; in 2010, The Princeton Review included MIT in a list of twenty schools whose campuses are "tiny, unsightly, or both".
Housing
Main article: Housing at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology
See also: List of Massachusetts Institute of Technology fraternities, sororities, and ILGs
Undergraduates are guaranteed four-year housing in one of MIT's 11 undergraduate dormitories. Those living on campus can receive support and mentoring from live-in graduate student tutors, resident advisors, and faculty housemasters. Because housing assignments are made based on the preferences of the students themselves, diverse social atmospheres can be sustained in different living groups; for example, according to the Yale Daily News staff's The Insider's Guide to the Colleges, 2010, "The split between East Campus and West Campus is a significant characteristic of MIT. East Campus has gained a reputation as a thriving counterculture." MIT also has 5 dormitories for single graduate students and 2 apartment buildings on campus for married student families.
MIT has an active Greek and co-op housing system, including thirty-six fraternities, sororities, and independent living groups (FSILGs). As of 2015 , 98% of all undergraduates lived in MIT-affiliated housing; 54% of the men participated in fraternities and 20% of the women were involved in sororities. Most FSILGs are located across the river in Back Bay near where MIT was founded, and there is also a cluster of fraternities on MIT's West Campus that face the Charles River Basin. After the 1997 death of Scott Krueger, a new pledge at the Phi Gamma Delta fraternity, MIT required all freshmen to live in the dormitory system starting in 2002. Because FSILGs had previously housed as many as 300 freshmen off-campus, the new policy could not be implemented until Simmons Hall opened in that year.
In 2013–2014, MIT abruptly closed and then demolished undergrad dorm Bexley Hall, citing extensive water damage that made repairs infeasible. In 2017, MIT shut down Senior House after a century of service as an undergrad dorm. That year, MIT administrators released data showing just 60% of Senior House residents had graduated in four years. Campus-wide, the four-year graduation rate is 84% (the cumulative graduation rate is significantly higher).
Organization and administration
MIT is chartered as a non-profit organization and is owned and governed by a privately appointed board of trustees known as the MIT Corporation. The current board consists of 43 members elected to five-year terms, 25 life members who vote until their 75th birthday, 3 elected officers (President, Treasurer, and Secretary), and 4 ex officio members (the president of the alumni association, the Governor of Massachusetts, the Massachusetts Secretary of Education, and the Chief Justice of the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court). The board is chaired by Diane Greene SM ’78, co-founder and former CEO of VMware and former CEO of Google Cloud. The Corporation approves the budget, new programs, degrees and faculty appointments, and elects the President to serve as the chief executive officer of the university and preside over the Institute's faculty. MIT's endowment and other financial assets are managed through a subsidiary called MIT Investment Management Company (MITIMCo). Valued at $16.4 billion in 2018, MIT's endowment was then the sixth-largest among American colleges and universities.
MIT has five schools (Science, Engineering, Architecture and Planning, Management, and Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences) and one college (Schwarzman College of Computing), but no schools of law or medicine. While faculty committees assert substantial control over many areas of MIT's curriculum, research, student life, and administrative affairs, the chair of each of MIT's 32 academic departments reports to the dean of that department's school, who in turn reports to the Provost under the President. The current president is Sally Kornbluth, a cell biologist and former provost at Duke University. She became MIT's 18th president in January 2023. She was preceded by L. Rafael Reif, who had served as provost under President Susan Hockfield, the first woman to hold the post.
Academics
Admissions statistics
2022 entering
classChange vs.
2017
Admit rate 4.0%
( −3.2)
Yield rate 85.0%
( +9.5)
Test scores middle 50% SAT Total 1520–1570 ACT Composite 35–36
MIT is a large, highly residential, research university with a majority of enrollments in graduate and professional programs. The university has been accredited by the New England Association of Schools and Colleges since 1929. MIT operates on a 4–1–4 academic calendar with the fall semester beginning after Labor Day and ending in mid-December, a 4-week "Independent Activities Period" in the month of January, and the spring semester commencing in early February and ceasing in late May.
MIT students refer to both their majors and classes using numbers or acronyms alone. Departments and their corresponding majors are numbered in the approximate order of their foundation; for example, Civil and Environmental Engineering is Course 1, while Linguistics and Philosophy is Course 24. Students majoring in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS), the most popular department, collectively identify themselves as "Course 6". MIT students use a combination of the department's course number and the number assigned to the class to identify their subjects; for instance, the introductory calculus-based classical mechanics course is simply "8.01" (pronounced eight-oh-one) at MIT.
Undergraduate program
Enrollment in MIT (2017–2023) Academic Year Undergraduates Graduate Total Enrollment 2017–2018 4,547 6,919 11,466 2018–2019 4,602 6,972 11,574 2019–2020 4,530 6,990 11,520 2020–2021 4,361 6,893 11,254 2021–2022 4,638 7,296 11,934 2022–2023 4,657 7,201 11,858
The four-year, full-time undergraduate program maintains a balance between professional majors and those in the arts and sciences. In 2010, it was dubbed "most selective" by U.S. News, admitting few transfer students and 4.1% of its applicants in the 2020–2021 admissions cycle. It is need-blind for both domestic and international applicants. MIT offers 44 undergraduate degrees across its five schools. In the 2017–2018 academic year, 1,045 Bachelor of Science degrees (abbreviated "SB") were granted, the only type of undergraduate degree MIT now awards. In the 2011 fall term, among students who had designated a major, the School of Engineering was the most popular division, enrolling 63% of students in its 19 degree programs, followed by the School of Science (29%), School of Humanities, Arts, & Social Sciences (3.7%), Sloan School of Management (3.3%), and School of Architecture and Planning (2%). The largest undergraduate degree programs were in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (Course 6–2), Computer Science and Engineering (Course 6–3), Mechanical Engineering (Course 2), Physics (Course 8), and Mathematics (Course 18).
All undergraduates are required to complete a core curriculum called the General Institute Requirements (GIRs). The Science Requirement, generally completed during freshman year as prerequisites for classes in science and engineering majors, comprises two semesters of physics, two semesters of calculus, one semester of chemistry, and one semester of biology. There is a Laboratory Requirement, usually satisfied by an appropriate class in a course major. The Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences (HASS) Requirement consists of eight semesters of classes in the humanities, arts, and social sciences, including at least one semester from each division as well as the courses required for a designated concentration in a HASS division. Under the Communication Requirement, two of the HASS classes, plus two of the classes taken in the designated major must be "communication-intensive", including "substantial instruction and practice in oral presentation". Finally, all students are required to complete a swimming test; non-varsity athletes must also take four quarters of physical education classes.
Most classes rely on a combination of lectures, recitations led by associate professors or graduate students, weekly problem sets ("p-sets"), and periodic quizzes or tests. While the pace and difficulty of MIT coursework has been compared to "drinking from a fire hose", the freshmen retention rate at MIT is similar to other research universities. The "pass/no-record" grading system relieves some pressure for first-year undergraduates. For each class taken in the fall term, freshmen transcripts will either report only that the class was passed, or otherwise not have any record of it. In the spring term, passing grades (A, B, C) appear on the transcript while non-passing grades are again not recorded. (Grading had previously been "pass/no record" all freshman year, but was amended for the Class of 2006 to prevent students from gaming the system by completing required major classes in their freshman year.) Also, freshmen may choose to join alternative learning communities, such as Experimental Study Group, Concourse, or Terrascope.
In 1969, Margaret MacVicar founded the Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program (UROP) to enable undergraduates to collaborate directly with faculty members and researchers. Students join or initiate research projects ("UROPs") for academic credit, pay, or on a volunteer basis through postings on the UROP website or by contacting faculty members directly. A substantial majority of undergraduates participate. Students often become published, file patent applications, and/or launch start-up companies based upon their experience in UROPs.
In 1970, the then-Dean of Institute Relations, Benson R. Snyder, published The Hidden Curriculum, arguing that education at MIT was often slighted in favor of following a set of unwritten expectations and that graduating with good grades was more often the product of figuring out the system rather than a solid education. The successful student, according to Snyder, was the one who was able to discern which of the formal requirements were to be ignored in favor of which unstated norms. For example, organized student groups had compiled "course bibles"—collections of problem-set and examination questions and answers for later students to use as references. This sort of gamesmanship, Snyder argued, hindered development of a creative intellect and contributed to student discontent and unrest.
Graduate program
MIT's graduate program has high coexistence with the undergraduate program, and many courses are taken by qualified students at both levels. MIT offers a comprehensive doctoral program with degrees in the humanities, social sciences, and STEM fields as well as professional degrees, including the Master of Business Administration (MBA). The Institute offers graduate programs leading to academic degrees such as the Master of Science (which is abbreviated as MS at MIT), various Engineer's Degrees, Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), and Doctor of Science (DSc) and interdisciplinary graduate programs such as the MD-PhD (with Harvard Medical School) and a joint program in oceanography with Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
Admission to graduate programs is decentralized; applicants apply directly to the department or degree program. More than 90% of doctoral students are supported by fellowships, research assistantships (RAs), or teaching assistantships (TAs).
MIT Bootcamps
MIT Bootcamps are "intense week-long innovation and leadership programs". MIT Bootcamp instructors include Eric von Hippel, Sanjay Sarma, Erdin Beshimov, and Bill Aulet. MIT Bootcamps were founded by Erdin Beshimov.
Rankings
U.S. university rankings
ARWU World 3 THES World 3 USNWR National University 2 Washington Monthly National University 3 Forbes 4
MIT places among the top five in many overall rankings of universities (see table right) and rankings based on students' revealed preferences. For several years, U.S. News & World Report, the QS World University Rankings, and the Academic Ranking of World Universities have ranked MIT's School of Engineering first, as did the 1995 National Research Council report. In the same lists, MIT's strongest showings apart from in engineering are in computer science, the natural sciences, business, architecture, economics, linguistics, mathematics, and, to a lesser extent, political science and philosophy.
Times Higher Education has recognized MIT as one of the world's "six super brands" on its World Reputation Rankings, along with Berkeley, Cambridge, Harvard, Oxford, and Stanford. In 2019, it was ranked #3 among the universities around the world by SCImago Institutions Rankings. In 2017, the Times Higher Education World University Rankings also rated MIT the #2 university for arts and humanities. MIT was ranked #7 in 2015 and #6 in 2017 of the Nature Index Annual Tables, which measure the largest contributors to papers published in 82 leading journals. Georgetown University researchers ranked MIT #3 in the US for 20-year return on investment.
Collaborations
The university historically pioneered research and training collaborations between academia, industry and government. In 1946, President Compton, Harvard Business School professor Georges Doriot, and Massachusetts Investor Trust chairman Merrill Grisswold founded American Research and Development Corporation, the first American venture-capital firm. In 1948, Compton established the MIT Industrial Liaison Program. Throughout the late 1980s and early 1990s, American politicians and business leaders accused MIT and other universities of contributing to a declining economy by transferring taxpayer-funded research and technology to international – especially Japanese – firms that were competing with struggling American businesses. On the other hand, MIT's extensive collaboration with the federal government on research projects has led to several MIT leaders serving as presidential scientific advisers since 1940. MIT established a Washington Office in 1991 to continue effective lobbying for research funding and national science policy.
The US Justice Department began an investigation in 1989, and in 1991 filed an antitrust suit against MIT, the eight Ivy League colleges, and eleven other institutions for allegedly engaging in price-fixing during their annual "Overlap Meetings", which were held to prevent bidding wars over promising prospective students from consuming funds for need-based scholarships. While the Ivy League institutions settled, MIT contested the charges, arguing that the practice was not anti-competitive because it ensured the availability of aid for the greatest number of students. MIT ultimately prevailed when the Justice Department dropped the case in 1994.
MIT's proximity to Harvard University ("the other school up the river") has led to a substantial number of research collaborations such as the Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology and the Broad Institute. In addition, students at the two schools can cross-register for credits toward their own school's degrees without any additional fees. A cross-registration program between MIT and Wellesley College has also existed since 1969, and in 2002 the Cambridge–MIT Institute launched an undergraduate exchange program between MIT and the University of Cambridge. MIT also has a long-term partnership with Imperial College London, for both student exchanges and research collaboration. More modest cross-registration programs have been established with Boston University, Brandeis University, Tufts University, Massachusetts College of Art, and the School of the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston.
MIT maintains substantial research and faculty ties with independent research organizations in the Boston area, such as the Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, the Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. Ongoing international research and educational collaborations include the Amsterdam Institute for Advanced Metropolitan Solutions (AMS Institute), Singapore-MIT Alliance, MIT-Politecnico di Milano, MIT-Zaragoza International Logistics Program, and projects in other countries through the MIT International Science and Technology Initiatives (MISTI) program.
The mass-market magazine Technology Review is published by MIT through a subsidiary company, as is a special edition that also serves as an alumni magazine. The MIT Press is a major university press, publishing over 200 books and 30 journals annually, emphasizing science and technology as well as arts, architecture, new media, current events, and social issues.
MIT Microphotonics Center and PhotonDelta founded the global roadmap for integrated photonics: Integrated Photonics Systems Roadmap – International (IPSR-I). The first edition has been published in 2020. The roadmap is an amalgamation of two previously independent roadmaps: the IPSR roadmap of MIT Microphotonics Center and AIM Photonics in the United States, and the WTMF (World Technology Mapping Forum) of PhotonDelta in Europe. In 2022, Open Philanthropy donated $13,277,348 to MIT to study potential risks from AI.
Libraries, collections, and museums
See also: Massachusetts Institute of Technology Libraries and Campus of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology § Artwork
The MIT library system consists of five subject libraries: Barker (Engineering), Dewey (Economics), Hayden (Humanities and Science), Lewis (Music), and Rotch (Arts and Architecture). There are also various specialized libraries and archives. The libraries contain more than 2.9 million printed volumes, 2.4 million microforms, 49,000 print or electronic journal subscriptions, and 670 reference databases. The past decade has seen a trend of increased focus on digital over print resources in the libraries. Notable collections include the Lewis Music Library with an emphasis on 20th and 21st-century music and electronic music, the List Visual Arts Center's rotating exhibitions of contemporary art, and the Compton Gallery's cross-disciplinary exhibitions. MIT allocates a percentage of the budget for all new construction and renovation to commission and support its extensive public art and outdoor sculpture collection.
The MIT Museum was founded in 1971 and collects, preserves, and exhibits artifacts significant to the culture and history of MIT. The museum now engages in significant educational outreach programs for the general public, including the annual Cambridge Science Festival, the first celebration of this kind in the United States. Since 2005, its official mission has been, "to engage the wider community with MIT's science, technology and other areas of scholarship in ways that will best serve the nation and the world in the 21st century".
Research
MIT was elected to the Association of American Universities in 1934 and is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity"; research expenditures totaled $952 million in 2017. The federal government was the largest source of sponsored research, with the Department of Health and Human Services granting $255.9 million, Department of Defense $97.5 million, Department of Energy $65.8 million, National Science Foundation $61.4 million, and NASA $27.4 million. MIT employs approximately 1300 researchers in addition to faculty. In 2011, MIT faculty and researchers disclosed 632 inventions, were issued 153 patents, earned $85.4 million in cash income, and received $69.6 million in royalties. Through programs like the Deshpande Center, MIT faculty leverage their research and discoveries into multi-million-dollar commercial ventures.
In electronics, magnetic-core memory, radar, single-electron transistors, and inertial guidance controls were invented or substantially developed by MIT researchers. Harold Eugene Edgerton was a pioneer in high-speed photography and sonar. Claude E. Shannon developed much of modern information theory and discovered the application of Boolean logic to digital circuit design theory. In the domain of computer science, MIT faculty and researchers made fundamental contributions to cybernetics, artificial intelligence, computer languages, machine learning, robotics, and cryptography. At least nine Turing Award laureates and seven recipients of the Draper Prize in engineering have been or are currently associated with MIT.
Current and previous physics faculty have won eight Nobel Prizes, four ICTP Dirac Medals, and three Wolf Prizes predominantly for their contributions to subatomic and quantum theory. Members of the chemistry department have been awarded three Nobel Prizes and one Wolf Prize for the discovery of novel syntheses and methods. MIT biologists have been awarded six Nobel Prizes for their contributions to genetics, immunology, oncology, and molecular biology. Professor Eric Lander was one of the principal leaders of the Human Genome Project. Positronium atoms, synthetic penicillin, synthetic self-replicating molecules, and the genetic bases for Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (also known as ALS or Lou Gehrig's disease) and Huntington's disease were first discovered at MIT. Jerome Lettvin transformed the study of cognitive science with his paper "What the frog's eye tells the frog's brain". Researchers developed a system to convert MRI scans into 3D printed physical models.
In the domain of humanities, arts, and social sciences, as of October 2019 MIT economists have been awarded seven Nobel Prizes and nine John Bates Clark Medals. Linguists Noam Chomsky and Morris Halle authored seminal texts on generative grammar and phonology. The MIT Media Lab, founded in 1985 within the School of Architecture and Planning and known for its unconventional research, has been home to influential researchers such as constructivist educator and Logo creator Seymour Papert.
Spanning many of the above fields, MacArthur Fellowships (the so-called "Genius Grants") have been awarded to 50 people associated with MIT. Five Pulitzer Prize–winning writers currently work at or have retired from MIT. Four current or former faculty are members of the American Academy of Arts and Letters.
Allegations of research misconduct or improprieties have received substantial press coverage. Professor David Baltimore, a Nobel Laureate, became embroiled in a misconduct investigation starting in 1986 that led to Congressional hearings in 1991. Professor Ted Postol has accused the MIT administration since 2000 of attempting to whitewash potential research misconduct at the Lincoln Lab facility involving a ballistic missile defense test, though a final investigation into the matter has not been completed. Associate Professor Luk Van Parijs was dismissed in 2005 following allegations of scientific misconduct and found guilty of the same by the United States Office of Research Integrity in 2009.
In 2019, Clarivate Analytics named 54 members of MIT's faculty to its list of "Highly Cited Researchers". That number places MIT eighth among the world's universities.
Discoveries and innovation
Natural sciences
Oncogene – Robert Weinberg discovered genetic basis of human cancer.
Reverse transcription – David Baltimore independently isolated, in 1970 at MIT, two RNA tumor viruses: R-MLV and again RSV.
Thermal death time – Samuel Cate Prescott and William Lyman Underwood from 1895 to 1898. Done for canning of food. Applications later found useful in medical devices, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics.
Electroweak interaction – Steven Weinberg proposed the electroweak unification theory, which gave rise to the modern formulation of the Standard Model, in 1967 at MIT.
Computer and applied sciences
Akamai Technologies – Daniel Lewin and Tom Leighton developed a faster content delivery network, now one of the world's largest distributed computing platforms, responsible for serving between 15 and 30 percent of all web traffic.
Cryptography – MIT researchers Ron Rivest, Adi Shamir and Leonard Adleman developed one of the first practical public-key cryptosystems, the RSA cryptosystem, and started a company, RSA Security.
Digital circuits – Claude Shannon, while a master's degree student at MIT, developed the digital circuit design theory which paved the way for modern computers.
Electronic ink – developed by Joseph Jacobson at MIT Media Lab.
Emacs (text editor) – development began during the 1970s at the MIT AI Lab.
Flight recorder (black box) – Charles Stark Draper developed the black box at MIT's Instrumentation Laboratory. That lab later made the Apollo Moon landings possible through the Apollo Guidance Computer it designed for NASA.
GNU Project – Richard Stallman formally founded the free software movement in 1983 by launching the GNU Project at MIT.
Julia (programming language) – Development was started in 2009, by Jeff Bezanson, Stefan Karpinski, Viral B. Shah, and Alan Edelman, all at MIT at that time, and continued with the contribution of a dedicated MIT Julia Lab
Lisp (programming language) – John McCarthy invented Lisp at MIT in 1958.
Lithium-ion battery efficiencies – Yet-Ming Chiang and his group at MIT showed a substantial improvement in the performance of lithium batteries by boosting the material's conductivity by doping it with aluminium, niobium and zirconium.
Macsyma, one of the oldest general-purpose computer algebra systems; the GPL-licensed version Maxima remains in wide use.
MIT OpenCourseWare – the OpenCourseWare movement started in 1999 when the University of Tübingen in Germany published videos of lectures online for its timms initiative (Tübinger Internet Multimedia Server). The OCW movement only took off, however, with the launch of MIT OpenCourseWare and the Open Learning Initiative at Carnegie Mellon University in October 2002. The movement was soon reinforced by the launch of similar projects at Yale, Utah State University, the University of Michigan and the University of California Berkeley.
Perdix micro-drone – autonomous drone that uses artificial intelligence to swarm with many other Perdix drones.
Project MAC – groundbreaking research in operating systems, artificial intelligence, and the theory of computation. DARPA funded project.
Radar – developed at MIT's Radiation Laboratory during World War II.
SKETCHPAD – invented by Ivan Sutherland at MIT (presented in his PhD thesis). It pioneered the way for human–computer interaction (HCI). Sketchpad is considered to be the ancestor of modern computer-aided design (CAD) programs as well as a major breakthrough in the development of computer graphics in general.
VisiCalc – first spreadsheet computer program for personal computers, originally released for the Apple II by VisiCorp. MIT alumni Dan Bricklin and Bob Frankston rented time sharing at night on an MIT mainframe computer (that cost $1/hr for use).
World Wide Web Consortium – founded in 1994 by Tim Berners-Lee, (W3C) is the main international standards organization for the World Wide Web
X Window System – pioneering architecture-independent system for graphical user interfaces that has been widely used for Unix and Linux systems.
Companies and entrepreneurship
MIT alumni and faculty have founded numerous companies, some of which are shown below:
Analog Devices, 1965, co-founders Ray Stata, (SB, SM) and Matthew Lorber (SB)
BlackRock, 1988, co-founder Bennett Golub, (SB, SM, PhD)
Bose Corporation, 1964, founder Amar Bose (SB, PhD)
Buzzfeed, 2006, co-founder Jonah Peretti (SM)
Dropbox, 2007, founders Drew Houston (SB) and Arash Ferdowsi (drop-out)
Hewlett-Packard, 1939, co-founder William R. Hewlett (SM)
HuffPost, 2005, co-founder Jonah Peretti (SM)
Intel, 1968, co-founder Robert Noyce (PhD)
Khan Academy, 2008, founder Salman Khan (SB, SM)
Koch Industries, 1940, founder Fred C. Koch (SB), sons William (SB, PhD), David (SB)
Qualcomm, 1985, co-founders Irwin M. Jacobs (SM, PhD) and Andrew Viterbi (SB, SM)
Raytheon, 1922, co-founder Vannevar Bush (DEng, Professor)
Renaissance Technologies, 1982, founder James Simons (SB)
Texas Instruments, 1930, founder Cecil Howard Green (SB, SM)
TSMC, 1987, founder Morris Chang (SB, SM)
VMware, 1998, co-founder Diane Greene (SM)
Traditions and student activities
Main articles: Traditions and student activities at MIT and MIT class ring
The faculty and student body place a high value on meritocracy and on technical proficiency. MIT has never awarded an honorary degree, nor does it award athletic scholarships, ad eundem degrees, or Latin honors upon graduation. However, MIT has twice awarded honorary professorships: to Winston Churchill in 1949 and Salman Rushdie in 1993.
Many upperclass students and alumni wear a large, heavy, distinctive class ring known as the "Brass Rat". Originally created in 1929, the ring's official name is the "Standard Technology Ring". The undergraduate ring design (a separate graduate student version exists as well) varies slightly from year to year to reflect the unique character of the MIT experience for that class, but always features a three-piece design, with the MIT seal and the class year each appearing on a separate face, flanking a large rectangular bezel bearing an image of a beaver. The initialism IHTFP, jocularly euphemized as "I Have Truly Found Paradise", "Institute Has The Finest Professors", "Institute of Hacks, TomFoolery and Pranks", "It's Hard to Fondle Penguins", and other variations, has occasionally been featured on the ring given its historical prominence in student culture.
Caltech Rivalry
Main article: Caltech–MIT rivalry
MIT also shares a well-known rivalry with the California Institute of Technology (Caltech), stemming from both institutions' reputations as two of the highest ranked and most highly recognized science and engineering schools in the world. The rivalry is an unusual college rivalry given its focus on academics and pranks instead of sports, and due to the geographic distance between the two (their campuses are separated by about 2580 miles and are on opposite coasts of the United States). In 2005, Caltech students pranked MIT's Campus Preview Weekend by distributing t-shirts that read "MIT" on the front, and "...because not everyone can go to Caltech" on the back. Additionally, the word Massachusetts in the "Massachusetts Institute of Technology" engraving on the exterior of the Lobby 7 dome was covered with a banner so that it read "That Other Institute of Technology". In 2006, MIT retaliated by posing as contractors and stealing the 1.7-ton, 130-year-old Fleming cannon, a Caltech landmark. The cannon was relocated to Cambridge, where it was displayed in front of the Green Building during the 2006 Campus Preview Weekend. In September 2010, MIT students unsuccessfully tried to place a life-sized model of the TARDIS time machine from the Doctor Who (1963–present) television series on top of Baxter Hall at Caltech. A few months later, Caltech students collaborated to help MIT students place the TARDIS on top of their originally planned destination. The rivalry has continued, most recently in 2014, when a group of Caltech students gave out mugs sporting the MIT logo on the front and the words "The Institute of Technology" on the back. When heated, the mugs turned orange and read, "Caltech, The Hotter Institute of Technology".
Activities
Main article: Traditions and student activities at MIT
See also: Hacks at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology
See also: List of Massachusetts Institute of Technology fraternities, sororities, and ILGs
MIT has over 500 recognized student activity groups, including a campus radio station, The Tech student newspaper, an annual entrepreneurship competition, a crime club, and weekly screenings of popular films by the Lecture Series Committee. Less traditional activities include the "world's largest open-shelf collection of science fiction" in English, a model railroad club, and a vibrant folk dance scene. Students, faculty, and staff are involved in over 50 educational outreach and public service programs through the MIT Museum, Edgerton Center, and MIT Public Service Center.
Fraternities and sororities provide a base of activities in addition to housing. Approximately 1,000 undergrads, 48% of men and 30% of women, participate in one of several dozen Greek Life men's, women's and co-ed chapters on the campus.
The Independent Activities Period is a four-week-long "term" offering hundreds of optional classes, lectures, demonstrations, and other activities throughout the month of January between the Fall and Spring semesters. Some of the most popular recurring IAP activities are Autonomous Robot Design (course 6.270), Robocraft Programming (6.370), and MasLab competitions, the annual "mystery hunt", and Charm School. More than 250 students pursue externships annually at companies in the US and abroad.
Many MIT students also engage in "hacking", which encompasses both the physical exploration of areas that are generally off-limits (such as rooftops and steam tunnels), as well as elaborate practical jokes. Examples of high-profile hacks have included the abduction of Caltech's cannon, reconstructing a Wright Flyer atop the Great Dome, and adorning the John Harvard statue with the Master Chief's Mjölnir Helmet.
Athletics
Main article: MIT Engineers
MIT sponsors 31 varsity sports and has one of the three broadest NCAA Division III athletic programs. MIT participates in the NCAA's Division III, the New England Women's and Men's Athletic Conference, the New England Football Conference, NCAA's Division I Patriot League for women's crew, and the Collegiate Water Polo Association (CWPA) for Men's Water Polo. Men's crew competes outside the NCAA in the Eastern Association of Rowing Colleges (EARC). The intercollegiate sports teams, called the MIT Engineers won 22 Team National Championships, 42 Individual National Championships. MIT is the all-time Division III leader in producing Academic All-Americas (302) and rank second across all NCAA Divisions only behind the University of Nebraska. MIT Athletes won 13 Elite 90 awards and ranks first among NCAA Division III programs, and third among all divisions. In April 2009, budget cuts led to MIT eliminating eight of its 41 sports, including the mixed men's and women's teams in alpine skiing and pistol; separate teams for men and women in ice hockey and gymnastics; and men's programs in golf and wrestling.
People
For more details, see List of Nobel laureates affiliated with Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Students
Student body composition as of May 2, 2022 Race and ethnicity Total Asian 32% 32 White 26% 26 Hispanic 16% 16 Foreign national 10% 10 Other 10% 10 Black 7% 7 Economic diversity Low-income 19% 19 Affluent 81% 81
MIT enrolled 4,602 undergraduates and 6,972 graduate students in 2018–2019. Undergraduate and graduate students came from all 50 US states as well as from 115 foreign countries.
MIT received 33,240 applications for admission to the undergraduate Class of 2025: it admitted 1,365 (4.1 percent). In 2019, 29,114 applications were received for graduate and advanced degree programs across all departments; 3,670 were admitted (12.6 percent) and 2,312 enrolled (63 percent).
Undergraduate tuition and fees for 2019–2020 was $53,790 for nine months. 59% of students were awarded a need-based MIT scholarship. Graduate tuition and fees for 2019–2020 was also $53,790 for nine months, and summer tuition was $17,800. Financial support for graduate students are provided in large part by individual departments. They include fellowships, traineeships, teaching and research assistantships, and loans. The annual increase in expenses had led to a student tradition (dating back to the 1960s) of tongue-in-cheek "tuition riots".
MIT has been nominally co-educational since admitting Ellen Swallow Richards in 1870. Richards also became the first female member of MIT's faculty, specializing in sanitary chemistry. Female students remained a small minority prior to the completion of the first wing of a women's dormitory, McCormick Hall, in 1963. Between 1993 and 2009 the proportion of women rose from 34 percent to 45 percent of undergraduates and from 20 percent to 31 percent of graduate students. As of 2009 , women outnumbered men in Biology, Brain & Cognitive Sciences, Architecture, Urban Planning, and Biological Engineering.
Faculty and staff
Main articles: List of Massachusetts Institute of Technology faculty and List of Nobel laureates affiliated with Massachusetts Institute of Technology
As of 2021 , MIT had 1,069 faculty members. Faculty are responsible for lecturing classes, for advising both graduate and undergraduate students, and for sitting on academic committees, as well as for conducting original research. Between 1964 and 2009 a total of seventeen faculty and staff members affiliated with MIT won Nobel Prizes (thirteen of them in the latter 25 years). As of October 2020, 37 MIT faculty members, past or present, have won Nobel Prizes, the majority in Economics or Physics.
As of October 2013 , current faculty and teaching staff included 67 Guggenheim Fellows, 6 Fulbright Scholars, and 22 MacArthur Fellows. Faculty members who have made extraordinary contributions to their research field as well as the MIT community are granted appointments as Institute Professors for the remainder of their tenures. Susan Hockfield, a molecular neurobiologist, served as MIT's president from 2004 to 2012. She was the first woman to hold the post.
MIT faculty members have often been recruited to lead other colleges and universities. Founding faculty-member Charles W. Eliot became president of Harvard University in 1869, a post he would hold for 40 years, during which he wielded considerable influence both on American higher education and on secondary education. MIT alumnus and faculty member George Ellery Hale played a central role in the development of the California Institute of Technology (Caltech), and other faculty members have been key founders of Franklin W. Olin College of Engineering in nearby Needham, Massachusetts.
As of 2014 former provost Robert A. Brown served as president of Boston University; former provost Mark Wrighton is chancellor of Washington University in St. Louis; former associate provost Alice Gast is president of Lehigh University; and former professor Suh Nam-pyo is president of KAIST. Former dean of the School of Science Robert J. Birgeneau was the chancellor of the University of California, Berkeley (2004–2013); former professor John Maeda was president of Rhode Island School of Design (RISD, 2008–2013); former professor David Baltimore was president of Caltech (1997–2006); and MIT alumnus and former assistant professor Hans Mark served as chancellor of the University of Texas system (1984–1992).
In addition, faculty members have been recruited to lead governmental agencies; for example, former professor Marcia McNutt is president of the National Academy of Sciences, urban studies professor Xavier de Souza Briggs served as the associate director of the White House Office of Management and Budget, and biology professor Eric Lander was a co-chair of the President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology. In 2013, faculty member Ernest Moniz was nominated by President Obama and later confirmed as United States Secretary of Energy. Former professor Hans Mark served as Secretary of the Air Force from 1979 to 1981. Alumna and Institute Professor Sheila Widnall served as Secretary of the Air Force between 1993 and 1997, making her the first female Secretary of the Air Force and first woman to lead an entire branch of the US military in the Department of Defense. A 1999 report, met by promises of change by President Charles Vest, found that senior female faculty in the School of Science were often marginalized, and in return for equal professional accomplishments received reduced "salary, space, awards, resources, and response to outside offers".
As of 2017 , MIT was the second-largest employer in the city of Cambridge. Based on feedback from employees, MIT was ranked No. 7 as a place to work, among US colleges and universities as of March 2013 . Surveys cited a "smart", "creative", "friendly" environment, noting that the work-life balance tilts towards a "strong work ethic" but complaining about "low pay" compared to an industry position.
Notable alumni
For a more comprehensive list, see List of Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni and List of Nobel laureates affiliated with Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Many of MIT's over 120,000 alumni have achieved considerable success in scientific research, public service, education, and business. As of October 2020 , 41 MIT alumni have won Nobel Prizes, 48 have been selected as Rhodes Scholars, 61 have been selected as Marshall Scholars, and 3 have been selected as Mitchell Scholars.
Alumni in United States politics and public service include former Chairman of the Federal Reserve Ben Bernanke, former MA-1 Representative John Olver, former CA-13 Representative Pete Stark, Representative Thomas Massie, Senator Alex Padilla, former National Economic Council chairman Lawrence H. Summers, and former Council of Economic Advisers chairman Christina Romer. MIT alumni in international politics include Foreign Affairs Minister of Iran Ali Akbar Salehi, Education Minister of Nepal Sumana Shrestha President of Colombia Virgilio Barco Vargas, President of the European Central Bank Mario Draghi, former Governor of the Reserve Bank of India Raghuram Rajan, former British Foreign Minister David Miliband, former Greek Prime Minister Lucas Papademos, former UN Secretary General Kofi Annan, former Iraqi Deputy Prime Minister Ahmed Chalabi, former Minister of Education and Culture of The Republic of Indonesia Yahya Muhaimin, former Jordanian Minister of Education, Higher Education and Scientific Research and former Jordanian Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources Khaled Toukan. Alumni in sports have included Olympic fencing champion Johan Harmenberg.
MIT alumni founded or co-founded many notable companies, such as Intel, McDonnell Douglas, Texas Instruments, 3Com, Qualcomm, Bose, Raytheon, Apotex, Koch Industries, Rockwell International, Genentech, Dropbox, and Campbell Soup. According to the British newspaper The Guardian, "a survey of living MIT alumni found that they have formed 25,800 companies, employing more than three million people including about a quarter of the workforce of Silicon Valley. Those firms collectively generate global revenues of about $1.9 trillion (£1.2 trillion) a year". If the companies founded by MIT alumni were a country, they would have the 11th-highest GDP of any country in the world.
MIT alumni have led prominent institutions of higher education, including the University of California system, Harvard University, the New York Institute of Technology, Johns Hopkins University, Carnegie Mellon University, Tufts University, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rhode Island School of Design (RISD), UC Berkeley College of Environmental Design, the New Jersey Institute of Technology, Northeastern University, Tel Aviv University, Lahore University of Management Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Purdue University, Virginia Polytechnic Institute, KAIST, and Quaid-e-Azam University. Berklee College of Music, the largest independent college of contemporary music in the world, was founded and led by MIT alumnus Lawrence Berk for more than three decades.
More than one third of the United States' crewed spaceflights have included MIT-educated astronauts, a contribution exceeding that of any university excluding the United States service academies. Of the 12 people who have set foot on the Moon as of 2019 , four graduated from MIT (among them Apollo 11 Lunar Module Pilot Buzz Aldrin). Alumnus and former faculty member Qian Xuesen led the Chinese nuclear-weapons program and became instrumental in Chinese rocket-program.
MIT alumni played a significant role in the creation of the Atomic Energy Commission and Department of Energy. Carroll Wilson (a student and professor at MIT) served as the first General Manager of the Atomic Energy Commission. John Deutch served as Under Secretary of Energy for President Carter; William F. Martin served as Deputy Secretary of Energy for Ronald Reagan and Ernest Moniz served as Secretary of Energy for President Obama. Indeed, modern post World War II history has been influenced by MIT and its alumni in the fields of nuclear energy and high energy physics.
Noted alumni in non-scientific fields include author Hugh Lofting, sculptor Daniel Chester French, guitarist Tom Scholz of the band Boston, the British BBC and ITN correspondent and political advisor David Walter, The New York Times columnist and Nobel Prize-winning economist Paul Krugman, The Bell Curve author Charles Murray, United States Supreme Court building architect Cass Gilbert, Pritzker Prize-winning architects I.M. Pei and Gordon Bunshaft.
Apollo 11 astronaut Buzz Aldrin, ScD 1963 (MIT Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics)
Former UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan, SM 1972 (MIT Sloan School of Management)
President of Colombia (1986–1990) Virgilio Barco Vargas, SB 1943 (MIT Civil and Environmental Engineering)
Former Federal Reserve Bank chairman and 2022 Nobel Laureate Ben Bernanke, PhD 1979 (MIT Department of Economics)
Economics Nobel laureate Esther Duflo, PhD 1999 (MIT Department of Economics), also an MIT professor
Physicist and Nobel laureate Richard Feynman, SB 1939 (MIT Department of Physics)
Astronaut and USAF Colonel Michael Fincke, SB 1989 (MIT Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics), SB 1989 (MIT Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences)
Sculptor Daniel Chester French, Did not graduate
Economics Nobel laureate Paul Krugman, PhD 1977 (MIT Department of Economics)
Space Shuttle Challenger astronaut and physicist Ronald McNair, PhD 1976 (MIT Department of Physics)
Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, SB 1975 (MIT Architecture), SM 1976 (MIT Sloan School of Management)
Architect I. M. Pei, BArch 1940 (MIT Architecture)
Claude Shannon, PhD 1940 (MIT Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science)
CEO of General Motors Alfred P. Sloan, SB 1895 (MIT Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science)
"Boston" guitarist Tom Scholz, SB 1969, SM 1970 (MIT Department of Mechanical Engineering)
Astronaut and engineer Mike Massimino, PhD 1992 (MIT Department of Mechanical Engineering)
Chemist and Nobel laureate Robert Burns Woodward, SB 1936, PhD 1937
See also
|
|||||
7733
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 32
|
https://apolitical.co/list/en/apoliticals-100-most-influential-academics-in-government
|
en
|
Apolitical's 100 Most Influential Academics in Government
|
[] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
A list created by Apolitical.
|
en
|
/assets/favicon.ico
|
Apolitical
|
https://apolitical.co/list/en/apoliticals-100-most-influential-academics-in-government
| |||||
7733
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 49
|
https://www.mbacrystalball.com/blog/2018/05/28/get-mit-international-student/
|
en
|
How to get into MIT as an international student
|
[
"https://www.mbacrystalball.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/MBA-Crystal-Ball-Logo.svg",
"https://www.mbacrystalball.com/wp-content/images/authors/5.jpeg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"MBA Crystal Ball",
"Sangmesh H",
"Jena Manhotra",
"Ugyen Tashi Tshering",
"Maguluri Charvik",
"Sameer Kamat",
"Erivona David Orode Olamipo",
"Majok Hosea Riak"
] |
2018-05-28T00:00:00
|
“It’s a living lab.” That’s what the Massachusetts Institute of Technology is to its very own proud students. When Barack Obama visited MIT in October 2009, he used a few more words to describe the institute’s awe-inspiring culture of innovation, and entrepreneurship: “It is the legacy of daring young men and women…willing to take risks ... Read more
|
en
|
MBA Crystal Ball
|
https://65.0.9.100/blog/2018/05/28/get-mit-international-student/
|
“It’s a living lab.” That’s what the Massachusetts Institute of Technology is to its very own proud students. When Barack Obama visited MIT in October 2009, he used a few more words to describe the institute’s awe-inspiring culture of innovation, and entrepreneurship: “It is the legacy of daring young men and women…willing to take risks on an idea that might fail, but might also change the world.”
The reason for MIT’s is simple: it is the world’s best educational institution on several counts, a fact attested by reputed educational surveys time and again, including those of QS, Times Higher Education, and US News.
The QS Top Universities List 2018 put MIT at the very summit in a comparison of over 950 institutions from 84 countries. Stanford came second, Harvard third, Caltech fourth, and the UK’s University of Cambridge fifth. The criteria were academic reputation (40 percent weight), employer reputation (10 percent), faculty-student ratio (20 percent), citations per faculty (20 percent), international faculty ratio (5 percent), and international student ratio (5 percent).
Founded in 1861, MIT admitted its first batch of freshmen in 1865, as part of an effort by reputed natural scientist William Barton Rogers to establish a university that would help industrialize the US. The quality of academics, student selection, professors and students, and research and labs, and the academic flexibility offered to students, make its campus, located in Cambridge, Massachusetts, a dream educational destination.
Popular culture tributes to MIT include films, TV series, books, and comic strips, which have motifs inspired by the institute or references to its culture of meritocracy. The films include Good Will Hunting (winner of two Oscars) and Blown Away, TV series Arrested Development and The Big Bang Theory, books include those by Kurt Vonnegut and Isaac Asimov, and comic strips include Doonesbury and Dilbert.
But MIT’s USP is its tradition of transforming ideas born in its labs into hugely successful businesses. MIT students have launched so many companies that Bill Clinton described it as “the best technology transfer program in the country.”
The revenues of companies founded by MIT put together would make up the 11th biggest economy in the world. And it is a growing economy: students continue to launch start-ups by the dozen after entering an MIT competition and winning $100,000 seed money.
In 2011 alone, 694 inventions were born at MIT. Over the years, the inventions out of MIT have included microchips, ethernet, email, GPS, computer games, OpenCourseWare, transistor radio, fax machines, solar power, spread sheet, refined oil, nuclear fission, artificial skin, and disposal razor, to name only a few. About 20 research centers on the campus explore topics from cancer research to ocean engineering and nanotechnology.
Many of MIT’s professors alumni are legends in their fields: Tim Berners-Lee, the man behind the World Wide Web, was once a professor at MIT. Alumni include astronaut Buzz Aldrin, former UN Secretary General Kofi Annan, Nobel laureates Richard Feynman and Paul Krugman, GM CEO Alfred Sloan, and Amar Bose of Bose Corporation. As of 2017, 88 Nobel laureates have been affiliated with MIT.
How to get into MIT as an international student
How difficult is it to get into MIT? Selectivity statistics
According to statistics of the class entering in the fall of 2017, there were 20,247 freshmen applicants, but only 1,452 admits (acceptance rate 7.2 percent). Applicants included 15,594 US citizens or permanent residents, and 1,317 (8.4 percent) were admitted. As many as 4,653 were international applicants, and 135 (2.9 percent) were admitted.
The student body composition as of December 31, 2017, was 4,493 students in undergraduate courses (including 470 international students, or 10.46 percent), and 6,797 students in graduate courses (2,868 international students, or 42.2 percent).
Of the total students of 12,950, international students comprised 3,941, or 30.43 percent. Of the international students, 947 (24.03 percent of international students) were Chinese, 368 (9.34 percent) Indian, 277 (7.03 percent) Canadian, 226 (5.73) South Korean, and 123 (3.12 percent) French.
Mind your language
The admissions process is the same for all students, including international students, with the exception of a language requirement, which varies from department to department.
Applicants whose first language is not English must provide proof of their ability to study in English. Qualifying applicants must take TOEFL (Test of English as a Foreign Language) or the IELTS (International English Language Testing System).
Waiver of the English language requirement may be given to students who have done their primary and secondary schooling in English, and to students who have been in the US for four years or longer and have received a degree from a US institution.
Master’s degree requirements
For master’s degrees at the MIT, a minimum of one academic year of study is necessary, and for engineering degrees, two years. The application process may vary between departments. However, all graduate-level applicants must apply online to MIT through the online portal.
Applicants must hold a bachelor’s degree from a reputed university, and submit their CV/resume, letters of recommendation, a statement of objectives, GRE score, TOEFL/IELTS score, and transcripts. The application fee for MIT master’s degrees is $75; it is between $75 and $250 for the MIT Sloan School of Management. Information on the limited financial aid available and details of passport and entry requirements and visa options are available on the website gradadmissions.mit.ed.
Most departments demand past good work not only in the applicant’s specific area of interest but also in mathematics and the physical sciences. Some of them accept applicants with just one year of college-level study in these two areas. Applicants interested in more than one department need to submit separate applicants.
Applicants’ academic and professional acumen is gleaned from their academic records and from letters of recommendation from persons who are familiar with the applicant’s work. Top academic scores do not guarantee admission but indicate to MIT whether the candidate can meet the demanding graduate academic requirements.
An applicant’s performance on standardized tests such as the Graduate Record Examination (GRE), TOFEL, and IELTS is an important criterion for admission. A few MIT management programs accept GMAT scores. TOEFL/IELTS may be waived by a few departments for applicants from English-speaking universities. No GRE waiver is available.
Student bloggers’ tips
Getting into MIT requires many months of preparation, says a blogger, Dishita T. (Architecture) student from Mumbai, in the “Being International” section of MIT’s graduate admissions blog. Most graduate applicants would be employed, and it requires some effort to prepare for student life once again. They would have to prepare for GRE and at the same time compose an academic and professional portfolio, reach out to professors from a distant past for recommendation letters, and look at funding options. And then there is the statement of purpose to write.
Statement of purpose is an important part of the application, points out Amanda C. Biological Engineering) in her blog post. An applicant should show that he/she is qualified by quantifying and interpreting experiences, she says, giving examples.
Instead of writing “I am intelligent and hardworking,” which may invite the question, “OK, so what?” try “On top of a full semester course load, I committed to at least 15 hours a week of research to complete a bachelor’s thesis, which was recognized with distinction.”
Along with quantifying, interpreting is also important. Instead of saying “I served as a TA [teacher’s assistant] for three years, and I learned how to manage students and provide one-on-one instruction,” say “I provided one-on-one instruction for about 20 students . . . and I enjoyed interacting with my students because it challenged me to come up with different approaches for thinking about the same concept.”
Once you have shown that you qualify, you need to also show that you match MIT’s objectives and mission, says Amanda. In your personal statement, include only qualifications that are relevant. You could go by key words and phrases in the institute’s/department’s mission statement to know which of their qualifications are relevant. Additionally, make sure to stress your values that match the philosophy of the institute.
Giving her recipe for getting in, Lauren S. (Biological Engineering) says in her blog that she had a strong research background prior to coming to MIT. She says she identified professors she wanted to work with and explained why in her personal statement. That two of her recommenders had personal connections with MIT helped. Like many other successful candidates, she felt lucky to get in, she writes.
Lauren says your application should show that you are motivated, present your research experience, do some “name dropping,” and add a “dash of personality and honesty.” Her department is running a program to help students improve their graduate applications.
Student expenses
Studying at MIT is hard on the pocket as well. The cost of living in the Cambridge-Boston area is among the highest in the US. Health care plan, child care expenses, and housing depend on the size of families of attending graduate students. The admissions office needs to be convinced that an applicant has the financial resources to meet these expenses, which are typically highest in the first few months after arrival, with temporary accommodation in hotels, meals in restaurants, advance payment of rent, and deposits for phone and power.
The nine-month graduate academic year (2017-18) expenses were estimated at a total of $77,000-$92,000 (including tuition $50,000, housing $8,000-$18,000 for three-bedroom shared suite to two-bedroom private apartment). Students continuing their research over the summer benefit from the summer tuition subsidy but need to pay for any additional classes and on-campus housing.
Funding
Academic departments provide most of the funding to MIT graduate students. Support can be in the form of research and teaching assistantships, fellowships, traineeships, scholarships, and grants, and is provided based on merit or need or a combination of both.
MIT Sloan requirements
As for business management studies, MIT Sloan offers a two-year, full-time MBA, its flagship program. Sloan also offers Master of Finance, Master of Business Analytics, Master of Science in Management Studies, System Design in Management program, and a doctoral program. Executive programs are also available: the Sloan Fellows Program (12-month, full-time executive MBA program), Executive MBA (20-month executive-schedule program for midcareer professionals), and nondegree executive education programs (see link at Ref. No. 27, below).
The MBA application requirements include a cover letter and resume, optional essay or video statement, two letters of recommendation, transcripts, and GRE/GMAT scores. TOEFL/IELTS scores are not required. The application fee is $250. Interviews are conducted by the admissions committee.
Tips for Sloan
MIT Sloan places emphasis on diversity while admitting students, points out Marina Pustovalova from Kazakhstan in a YouTube video. She points out that the most overrepresented group is Indian male with an IT background, and that applicants from overrepresented groups need to have a strong application, including a high GMAT score (above 700; the average for the Class of 2019 was 722, and the range 690-760). Because Sloan is very selective (7 percent acceptance rate), it makes sense to apply to up to six schools, she says.
Pustovalova says the admissions office takes a holistic approach to deciding on admissions. For example, if you have a lower GMAT, you can compensate that by a higher GPA, etc. Pay attention to every detail of your application. For example, the recommendation letters: remember that the best letters are ones that come from the heart of your manager or supervisor and your professor giving his/her experience of communicating and working with you.
About funding the MBA program, Marina says students shouldn’t be afraid to take loans, because 95 percent of Sloan students find jobs within three months of graduation with salaries over $100,000 (for the Class of 2016, the mean salary was $125,000 and the range $40,000-$200,000).
Life through students’ eyes
First the weather. For students used to sunnier climes, Cambridge. MA, may provide the jitters. But on the bright side, you will learn to appreciate a good day, writes graduate student (Materials Science and Engineering) Patrick Y.
But the weather does nothing to dampen the fun and flavor of a unique culture. For example, MITians believe that 4 am is a good time to go on a trek on long winding paths to “explore the highest of buildings and the darkest of tunnels.” The exact time may be 4.05 am, as traditional MIT Standard Time seems to be always running five minutes behind local real time, whether it is classes or games, Patrick remarks.
The Telegraph quotes PhD student Brian Spatocco as saying that it is MIT’s “creative irreverence” that sets it apart. An example of this irreverence is the tradition known as hacking. Students are encouraged to use their engineering skills to pull pranks, often at the expense of the institute. Among the most famous include a police car placed atop the university’s Great Dome in honor of 9/11 victims. The students involved are not punished nor are credits given, and they have to remain anonymous.
Diversity is the slogan, and it can be seen even in the dorms, says former PhD student Rishab Jain in his Quora post. It is not just about admitting international students but in the campus attitudes, values, and culture. Grad and undergrad students mingle during research programs. Sloan is also very well integrated with the rest of the campus, he says.
Another PhD student, Todd Anderson, recalls MIT’s support after he was mugged near his apartment and suffered a serious head injury. He was given the best medical care possible, his family was flown in, and even his diet was closely supervised, all at no cost to him.
Jeffrey Scott Poore, another MIT student, says the institute’s reputation as being hard and nerdy is only partially justified. True, everyone is smart, but there are introverts and also the most outgoing people. Fun activities around the campus range from baseball games and sailing to beach strolls and walking tours. Students learn to do things at their own pace instead of trying to keep up with the geniuses. They realize that you don’t have to be in a competition all the time.
Careers
According to a survey by MIT’s career development office in 2017, about 54 percent of bachelor’s degree holders and 81 percent of post-graduates took up full-time employment, and 37 percent and 11 percent, respectively, went on to graduate/professional school.
Graduates received an average of 1.8 job offers. For bachelor’s graduates, internship (34 percent), career fair (27 percent), on-campus recruiting (25 percent), networking (21 percent), and direct application to employers (15 percent) helped find jobs (the total is more than 100 percent as graduates could choose all methods that applied to them). For postgraduates, networking (27 percent), on-campus recruiting (23 percent), internship (15 percent), direct application (13 percent), and returning to previous employers (10 percent) were the most successful paths to employment.
The top industries for June 2017 bachelor’s graduates were computer software, consulting, aerospace, financial services, and engineering, and for master’s graduates consulting, computer software, industrial and consumer manufacturing, military, and engineering.
Recruiters, salary
Among the top recruiters of bachelor’s degree holders were Google, Microsoft, GM, Accenture, Facebook, and Amazon, recruiters of master’s graduates Amazon, McKinsey, US Military, Deloitte Consulting, Facebook, Apple, and Google. The top MBA recruiters included Amazon, McKinsey, Bain, BCG, Deloitte, Facebook, IBM, and PwC.
The median salary for 2017 SB (or BS, Bachelor of Science) graduates was $85,000 (median bonus $10,000), for SM (MS) $85,000 (bonus $10,000), for Master’s of Engineering $115,000 (bonus $25,000), and MBA $130,000 (bonus $25,000).
‘Best in Cambridge, MA’
The Telegraph recalls that Barack Obama, addressing an MIT gathering in 2009, started his speech saying that it was a dream come true to visit the most prestigious school in Cambridge, Massachusetts. There was thunderous applause. “Hold on a minute,” the President said, and then corrected himself, “Certainly the most prestigious school in this part of Cambridge, Massachusetts.” The unstated reference was to MIT’s giant neighbor, Harvard University, just over 3 km away.
Today, after securing the numero uno ranking from QS for the sixth consecutive year and top ratings from other evaluators, MIT might now persuade Obama to leave out any reference, stated or unstated, to its great rival during his next visit.
|
|||||
7733
|
dbpedia
|
0
| 13
|
https://beyondthesinglestory.wordpress.com/2021/04/15/kofi-annan-4/
|
en
|
Beyond the Single Story
|
[
"https://beyondthesinglestory.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/image-12.jpeg?w=275",
"https://beyondthesinglestory.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/kofi-anna-photo.jpg?w=232",
"https://beyondthesinglestory.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/annan-1024x742-1-1.jpg?w=1024",
"https://beyondthesinglestory.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/cropped-cimg7944.jpg?w=50",
"https://beyondthesinglestory.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/cropped-cimg7944.jpg?w=50",
"https://pixel.wp.com/b.gif?v=noscript"
] |
[
"https://www.youtube.com/embed/t8__8wxUVKQ?version=3&rel=1&showsearch=0&showinfo=1&iv_load_policy=1&fs=1&hl=en&autohide=2&start=403&wmode=transparent"
] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] |
2021-04-15T00:00:00
|
Kofi Annan was the Secretary-General of the United Nations. He is from Kumasi, Ghana. Kofi Annan courtesy of CNN. "Kofi Annan was born on April 8, 1938, in Kumasi, Ghana, which was, at the time, part of the British Empire and known as the Gold Coast. Kofi had a twin sister named Efua Atta, who lived to be 53 years…
|
en
|
Beyond the Single Story
|
https://beyondthesinglestory.wordpress.com/2021/04/15/kofi-annan-4/
|
Kofi Annan was the Secretary-General of the United Nations. He is from Kumasi, Ghana.
“Kofi Annan was born on April 8, 1938, in Kumasi, Ghana, which was, at the time, part of the British Empire and known as the Gold Coast. Kofi had a twin sister named Efua Atta, who lived to be 53 years old. Living to be 80 years old, Mr. Annan died on 18 August 2018 in Bern, Switzerland” (wikipedia).
“Mr. Annan studied at the University of Science and Technology in Kumasi, Ghana, and completed his undergraduate work in economics at Macalester College in St. Paul, Minnesota in 1961. In 1961-1962, he undertook graduate studies at the Institute of International Affairs in Geneva, and in 1972 earned a Master of Science degree at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology’s Sloan School of Management” (un.org). Annan went to Macalester College. When he was there, he studies economics. He went on to study international relations at the Graduate Institute Geneva. Finally, he studied management at MIT.
In 1962, Annan joined the UN where he worked for the World Health Organization’s Geneva office. During his early career he went on to work in several capacities at the UN Headquarters including serving as the Under-Secretary-General for peacekeeping between March 1992 and December 1996. On 13 December 1996, Annan was appointed the Secretary-General by the Security Council. He was later confirmed by the General Assembly. “This made him the first office holder to be elected from the UN staff itself. He had the honor of being re-elected for a second term in 2001. He was also succeeded as Secretary-General by Ban Ki-moon on 1 January 2007″ (un.org).
Annan dedicated a majority of his time to learning several languages to be trilingual. He was fluent in English, French, and several African languages. Akan and Kru are two of the types of African languages that he knew.
Works Cited
“Kofi Annan Secretary-General.” United Nations, United Nations, http://www.un.org/sg/en/content/kofi-annan.
“Kofi Annan Biography.” Kofi Annan Foundation, 6 Apr. 2021, http://www.kofiannanfoundation.org/kofi-annan/.
“Kofi Annan.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 4 Apr. 2021, http://www.britannica.com/biography/Kofi-Annan.
Cowell, Alan. “Kofi Annan, Who Redefined the U.N., Dies at 80.” The New York Times, The New York Times, 18 Aug. 2018, http://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/18/obituaries/kofi-annan-dead.html.
“What Kofi Annan Understood about Syria.” Syria Justice & Accountability Centre, 4 Oct. 2018, syriaaccountability.org/updates/2018/08/22/what-kofi-annan-understood-about-syria/.
“Kofi Annan.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 7 Apr. 2021, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kofi_Annan.
|
|||||
7733
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 0
|
https://news.mit.edu/2018/kofi-annan-shared-prosperity-meant-shared-responsibility-0821
|
en
|
For Kofi Annan, shared prosperity meant shared responsibility
|
[
"https://news.mit.edu/themes/mit/src/img/placeholder/placeholder--news-article--image-gallery.jpg",
"https://news.mit.edu/themes/mit/src/img/placeholder/placeholder--frontpage--featured-news.jpg",
"https://news.mit.edu/themes/mit/src/img/placeholder/placeholder--frontpage--featured-news.jpg",
"https://news.mit.edu/themes/mit/src/img/placeholder/placeholder--frontpage--featured-news.jpg",
"https://news.mit.edu/themes/mit/src/img/placeholder/placeholder--frontpage--featured-news.jpg",
"https://news.mit.edu/themes/mit/src/img/placeholder/placeholder--frontpage--featured-news.jpg",
"https://news.mit.edu/themes/mit/src/img/placeholder/placeholder--frontpage--featured-news.jpg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
"MIT",
"MIT Sloan",
"Sloan School of Management",
"Kofi Annan",
"2002 speech",
"United Nations",
"UN",
"U.N.",
"MIT Sloan Fellow",
"Annan obituary"
] | null |
[
"Tom Relihan"
] |
2018-08-21T14:30:40+00:00
|
In a 2002 speech at the MIT Sloan School of Management, former UN head and MIT alumnus Kofi Annan spoke about trust, responsibility, and big business.
|
en
|
/themes/mit/assets/img/favicon/favicon.ico
|
MIT News | Massachusetts Institute of Technology
|
https://news.mit.edu/2018/kofi-annan-shared-prosperity-meant-shared-responsibility-0821
|
As technology, trade, and globalization tie the world’s cultures and communities ever closer together, the responsibility of each to guarantee and protect the well-being of the others grows in step — and that goes for nations and corporations alike.
That was the message that Kofi Annan SM ’72, the seventh secretary-general of the United Nations from 1996 to 2007, had for members of the MIT Sloan community in October of 2002, when he spoke to mark the 50th anniversary of his alma mater.
Annan, the first black African to hold the top U.N. post, died Saturday at the age of 80 from a short and unspecified illness.
In the talk, Annan said his time as an MIT Sloan Fellow during the early part of his career, which he spent almost entirely with the U.N., broadened his perspective on how to achieve international change and cooperation.
“Sloan looked well beyond the confines of this campus, encouraged people from many nations to study here, and was eager to advance the cause of international cooperation, scholarly and otherwise,” Annan said.
That education would come in handy later on, he noted, as he helped the U.N. navigate some of its most challenging moments and found himself negotiating across from many of the world’s most powerful leaders.
Halfway through his tenure as secretary-general, Annan and the U.N. were jointly awarded a Nobel Peace Prize for their work to create a “better organized and more peaceful world,” containing the spread of HIV in Africa and working to oppose international terrorism.
But Annan also faced his fair share of challenging diplomatic situations. As the U.N.’s chief of peacekeeping, he oversaw the response to the Rwandan genocide of the mid-1990s, and later worked feverishly in an attempt to dissuade the United States from launching its 2003 invasion of Iraq. He told Time magazine in 2013 that his failure to prevent that action was “his darkest moment.”
Even after he left the U.N., he returned in various capacities, being tapped in 2012 to help find a resolution for the still-raging civil war in Syria. He also launched the Kofi Annan Foundation, a nonprofit that works to promote better global governance and world peace.
The challenges facing the world are much the same now as they were in 2002 — cultural distrust leading to violence, uncertainty in the markets raising global anxiety, and concerns that globalization is enriching a select few at the expense of the many. But Annan’s emphasis on shared responsibility led to the formation of partnerships between the U.N., major corporations, and the world’s governments designed to ensure sustainable progress for all during his tenure.
Annan, in the MIT Sloan speech, emphasized the importance of trust and understanding among the world’s governing institutions and highlighted the crucial role of global business in helping to solve those problems.
“Businesses may ask why they should go down this path, especially if it involves taking steps that competitors might not, or steps they feel are rightly the province of governments,” he said. “Sometimes, doing what is right … is in the immediate interest of business.”
Corporations, he said, should see it as their responsibility to use their resources to pass knowledge, technology, and training along to the communities in which they operate.
When German car manufacturer Volkswagen found that it was losing some of its best managers to HIV/AIDS in Brazil, Annan described, the company implemented an education and treatment program, which saw the employees survive to pass the same information on to their communities.
He continued: “Sometimes we must do what is right simply because not to do so would be wrong. And sometimes, we do what is right to help usher in a new day, of new norms and new behaviors. We do not want business to do anything different from their normal business; we want them to do their normal business differently.”
Absent that effort, he said, the world risks rejecting global citizenship and retreating into protectionism and isolation, to the detriment of all.
“All of us — the private sector, civil society, labor unions, NGOs, universities, foundations, and individuals — must come together in an alliance for progress,” Annan said. “Together, we can and must move from value to values, from shareholders to stakeholders, and from balance sheets to balanced development. Together, we can and must face the dangers ahead and bring solutions within reach.”
|
||||
7733
|
dbpedia
|
3
| 46
|
https://www.gettyimages.com/photos/kofi-annan
|
en
|
Getty Images
|
[
"https://www.gettyimages.com/sign-in/assets/static/white-f114c2d21e50f9b239ac.svg",
"https://www.gettyimages.com/sign-in/assets/static/black-dd9588e3db810afab0eb.svg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
Getty Images Deutschland. Finden Sie hochauflösende lizenzfreie Bilder, Bilder zur redaktionellen Verwendung, Vektorgrafiken, Videoclips und Musik zur Lizenzierung in der umfangreichsten Fotobibliothek online.
|
de
| null | |||||||
7733
|
dbpedia
|
3
| 66
|
https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/kofi-annan-dies-1.4790394
|
en
|
Former UN secretary general Kofi Annan dies at age 80
|
[
"https://www.cbc.ca/a/images/nojsimg.gif",
"https://i.cbc.ca/1.4790395.1534587074!/fileImage/httpImage/image.jpg_gen/derivatives/16x9_780/myanmar-rohingya.jpg",
"https://i.cbc.ca/ais/1.4790604,1717207744628/full/max/0/default.jpg?im=Crop%2Crect%3D%280%2C0%2C640%2C360%29%3BResize%3D%28620%29",
"https://i.cbc.ca/1.4790408.1534595663!/cpImage/httpImage/image.jpg_gen/derivatives/original_300/switzerland-obit-annan.jpg 300w,https://i.cbc.ca/1.4790408.1534595663!/cpImage/httpImage/image.jpg_gen/derivatives/original_460/switzerland-obit-annan.jpg 460w,https://i.cbc.ca/1.4790408.1534595663!/cpImage/httpImage/image.jpg_gen/derivatives/original_620/switzerland-obit-annan.jpg 620w,https://i.cbc.ca/1.4790408.1534595663!/cpImage/httpImage/image.jpg_gen/derivatives/original_780/switzerland-obit-annan.jpg 780w,https://i.cbc.ca/1.4790408.1534595663!/cpImage/httpImage/image.jpg_gen/derivatives/original_1180/switzerland-obit-annan.jpg 1180w",
"https://www.cbc.ca/a/assets/logo_cbc-radio-canada.svg"
] |
[
"https://www.youtube.com/embed/AFxiNz8xdxM"
] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"The Associated Press"
] |
2018-08-18T10:35:00+00:00
|
Kofi Annan, one of the world's most celebrated diplomats and a charismatic symbol of the United Nations who rose through its ranks to become the first black African secretary general, has died.
|
en
|
/a/apple-touch-icon.png
|
CBC
|
https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/kofi-annan-dies-1.4790394
|
Kofi Annan, one of the world's most celebrated diplomats and a charismatic symbol of the United Nations who rose through its ranks to become the first black African secretary general, has died. He was 80.
His foundation announced his death in Switzerland's capital, Bern, on Saturday in a tweet , saying he died after a short unspecified illness. It did not give details and remembered the Nobel Peace Prize winner as "radiating genuine kindness, warmth and brilliance in all he did."
The president of Ghana, where Annan was born, said in a tweet that "I am ... comforted by the information, after speaking to [Annan's wife] Nane Maria, that he died peacefully in his sleep."
Annan spent virtually his entire career as an administrator in the United Nations. His aristocratic style, cool-tempered elegance and political savvy helped guide his ascent to become its seventh secretary general, and the first hired from within. He served two terms from Jan. 1, 1997, to Dec. 31, 2006, capped nearly mid-way when he and the UN were jointly awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2001.
During his tenure, Annan presided over some of the worst failures and scandals at the world body, one of its most turbulent periods since its founding in 1945. Challenges from the outset forced him to spend much of his time struggling to restore its tarnished reputation.
His enduring moral prestige remained largely undented, however, both through charisma and by virtue of having negotiated with most of the powers in the world.
Encouraged peacekeeping
When he departed from the United Nations, he left behind a global organization far more aggressively engaged in peacekeeping and fighting poverty, setting the framework for the UN's 21st-century response to mass atrocities and its emphasis on human rights and development.
"Kofi Annan was a guiding force for good," current UN Secretary General Antonio Guterres said. "It is with profound sadness that I learned of his passing. In many ways, Kofi Annan was the United Nations. He rose through the ranks to lead the organization into the new millennium with matchless dignity and determination."
Even out of office, Annan never completely left the UN orbit. He returned in special roles, including as the UN-Arab League's special envoy to Syria in 2012. He remained a powerful advocate for global causes through his eponymous foundation.
Resisted U.S. invasion of Iraq
Annan took on the top UN post six years after the collapse of the Soviet Union and presided during a decade when the world united against terrorism after the Sept. 11 attacks — then divided deeply over the U.S.-led war against Iraq. The U.S. relationship tested him as a world diplomatic leader.
"I think that my darkest moment was the Iraq war, and the fact that we could not stop it," Annan said in a February 2013 interview with Time magazine to mark the publication of his memoir, Interventions: A Life in War and Peace.
"I worked very hard — I was working the phone, talking to leaders around the world. The U.S. did not have the support in the Security Council," Annan recalled in the videotaped interview posted on The Kofi Annan Foundation's website.
"So they decided to go without the council. But I think the council was right in not sanctioning the war," he said. "Could you imagine if the UN had endorsed the war in Iraq, what our reputation would be like? Although at that point, President [George W.] Bush said the UN was headed toward irrelevance, because we had not supported the war. But now we know better."
Despite his well-honed diplomatic skills, Annan was never afraid to speak candidly. That didn't always win him fans, particularly in the case of Bush's administration, with whom Annan's camp spent much time bickering. Much of his second term was spent at odds with the United States, the UN's biggest contributor, as he tried to lean on the nation to pay almost $2 billion in arrears.
Born in Ghana
Kofi Atta Annan was born April 8, 1938, into an elite family in Kumasi, Ghana, the son of a provincial governor and grandson of two tribal chiefs.
He shared his middle name Atta — "twin" in Ghana's Akan language — with a twin sister, Efua. He became fluent in English, French and several African languages, attending an elite boarding school and the University of Science and Technology in Kumasi. He finished his undergraduate work in economics at Macalester College in St. Paul, Minnesota, in 1961. From there he went to Geneva, where he began his graduate studies in international affairs and launched his UN career.
Annan married Titi Alakija, a Nigerian woman, in 1965, and they had a daughter, Ama, and a son, Kojo. He returned to the U.S. in 1971 and earned a master's degree at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology's Sloan School of Management. The couple separated during the 1970s and, while working in Geneva, Annan met his second wife, Swedish lawyer Nane Lagergren. They married in 1984.
Annan worked for the UN Economic Commission for Africa in Ethiopia, its Emergency Force in Egypt, and the office of the High Commissioner for Refugees in Geneva, before taking a series of senior posts at UN headquarters in New York dealing with human resources, budget, finance, and staff security.
He also had special assignments. After Iraq invaded Kuwait in 1990, he facilitated the repatriation from Iraq of more than 900 international staff and other non-Iraqi nationals, and the release of western hostages in Iraq. He led the initial negotiations with Iraq for the sale of oil in exchange for humanitarian relief.
Envoy to former Yugoslavia
Just before becoming secretary general, Annan served as UN peacekeeping chief and as special envoy to the former Yugoslavia, where he oversaw a transition in Bosnia from UN protective forces to NATO-led troops.
The UN peacekeeping operation faced two of its greatest failures during his tenure: the Rwanda genocide in 1994, and the massacre in the Bosnian town of Srebrenica in July 1995.
In both cases, the UN had deployed troops under Annan's command, but they failed to save the lives of the civilians they were mandated to protect. Annan offered apologies, but ignored calls to resign by U.S. Republican lawmakers. After becoming secretary general, he called for UN reports on those two debacles — and they were highly critical of his management.
As secretary-general, Annan forged his experiences into a doctrine called the "Responsibility to Protect," that countries accepted — at least in principle — to head off genocide, crimes against humanity, ethnic cleansing and war crimes.
Annan sought to strengthen the UN's management, coherence and accountability, efforts that required huge investments in training and technology, a new whistleblower policy and financial disclosure requirements.
Eased transition to civilian rule in Nigeria
In 1998, he helped ease a transition to civilian rule in Nigeria and visited Iraq to try to resolve its impasse with the Security Council over compliance with weapons inspections and other matters. The effort helped avoid an outbreak of hostilities that seemed imminent at the time.
In 1999, he was deeply involved in the process by which East Timor gained independence from Indonesia, and started the "Global Compact" initiative that has grown into the world's largest effort to promote corporate social responsibility.
Annan was chief architect of what became known as the Millennium Development Goals, and played a central role in creating the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria and the UN's first counter-terrorism strategy.
Annan's uncontested election to a second term was unprecedented, reflecting the overwhelming support he enjoyed from both rich and poor countries. Timothy Wirth, president of the United Nations Foundation, which disburses Ted Turner's $1 billion pledge to UN causes, hailed "a saint-like sense about him."
Criticism over oil-for-food program
In 2005, Annan succeeded in establishing the Peacebuilding Commission and the Human Rights Council. But that year, the UN was facing almost daily attacks over allegations about corruption in the UN oil-for-food program in Iraq, bribery by UN purchasing officials and widespread sex abuse by UN peacekeepers — an issue that would only balloon in importance after he left office.
It emerged that Annan's son, Kojo, had not disclosed payments he received from his employer, which had a $10 million-a-year contract to monitor humanitarian aid under the oil-for-food program. The company paid at least $300,000 to Kojo so he would not work for competitors after he left.
An independent report criticized the secretary general for being too complacent, saying he should have done more to investigate matters even if he was not involved with the awarding of the contract.
World leaders agreed to create an internal UN ethics office, but a major overhaul of the UN's outdated management practices and operating procedures was left to Annan's successor, Ban Ki-moon.
Before leaving office, Annan helped secure a truce between Israel and Hezbollah in 2006, and mediated a settlement of a dispute between Cameroon and Nigeria over the Bakassi peninsula.
Proud of human rights promotion
At a farewell news conference, Annan listed as top achievements the promotion of human rights, the fighting to close the gap between extreme poverty and immense wealth, and the UN campaign to fight infectious diseases like AIDS.
He never took disappointments and setbacks personally. And he kept his view that diplomacy should take place in private and not in the public forum.
In his memoir, Annan recognized the costs of taking on the world's top diplomatic job, joking that "SG," for secretary general, also signified "scapegoat" around UN headquarters.
'Rock star of diplomacy'
One person who knew and worked with Annan is Paul Heinbecker, who was Canada's ambassador to the UN from 2000 to 2003.
"He was an exceptional person," Heinbecker told CBC News. "He was a guy who could combine great intelligence with humanity. He could talk to the world's thugs and the man on the street ... he was practically the definition of diplomacy."
Former prime minister Paul Martin, whose tenure overlapped with Annan's as secretary-general, described him as "one of the greats."
"He had a very broad vision which enveloped everybody, and he was always looking ahead," he told The Canadian Press.
"He was one of those few people who were able to understand it wasn't just the rich and powerful nations that counted ... that the rich and powerful nations were going to be very dependent, ultimately, on the poorer nations doing well."
Martin said his strongest memory of his friend was a phone conversation the two had after he retired from politics, when Annan called to ask Martin to co-chair a body that dealt with the future of the African Development Bank.
Their long conversation was, as usual, "about the world, and how we all fit into it," he said.
Former U.S. ambassador to the United Nations Richard Holbrooke called Annan "an international rock star of diplomacy."
Brokering peace in Kenya
After leaving his high-profile UN perch, Annan didn't let up. In 2007, his Geneva-based foundation was created. That year he helped broker peace in Kenya, where election violence had killed over 1,000 people.
He also joined The Elders, an elite group of former leaders founded by Nelson Mandela, eventually succeeding Desmond Tutu as its chairman after a failed interlude trying to resolve Syria's rising civil war.
Annan "represented our continent and the world with enormous graciousness, integrity and distinction," Tutu said Saturday in a statement, adding that "we give great thanks to god" for him.
Special envoy to Syria
As special envoy to Syria in 2012, Annan won international backing for a six-point plan for peace. The UN deployed a 300-member observer force to monitor a ceasefire, but peace never took hold and Annan was unable to surmount the bitter stalemate among Security Council powers. He resigned in frustration seven months into the job, as the civil war raged on.
Annan continued to crisscross the globe. In 2017, his foundation's biggest projects included promotion of fair, peaceful elections; work with Myanmar's government to improve life in troubled Rakhine state; and battling violent extremism by enlisting young people to help.
He also remained a vocal commentator on troubles like the refugee crisis; promoted good governance, anti-corruption measures and sustainable agriculture in Africa; and pushed efforts in the fight against illegal drug trafficking.
University chancellor in Ghana
Annan retained connections to many international organizations. He was chancellor of the University of Ghana, a fellow at New York's Columbia University, and professor at the Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy in Singapore.
His homeland of Ghana was shaken by his death. "One of our greatest compatriots," President Nana Akufo-Addo said, calling for a week with flags at half-mast. "Rest in perfect peace, Kofi. You have earned it."
Annan is survived by his wife and three children. Funeral arrangements weren't immediately announced.
|
||||
7733
|
dbpedia
|
3
| 89
|
https://theirworld.org/news/11-inspiring-things-kofi-annan-said-about-education-and-youth-leadership/
|
en
|
11 inspiring things Kofi Annan said about education and youth leadership
|
[
"https://theirworld.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/large-Theirworld-official-logo_adobe_express.svg",
"https://theirworld.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/Kofi-Annan-work-3.jpg",
"https://theirworld.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/Kofi-Annan-work-3.jpg",
"https://theirworld.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/Kofi-Annan-work-4.jpg",
"https://theirworld.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/Kofi-Annan-work-4.jpg",
"https://theirworld.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/Kofi-Annan-work-1.jpg",
"https://theirworld.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/Kofi-Annan-work-1.jpg",
"https://theirworld.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/Skills-for-Their-Future-students-BRAC-Tanzania.png",
"https://theirworld.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/Skills-for-Their-Future-students-BRAC-Tanzania.png",
"https://theirworld.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/MyBestStart-girls-in-Lebanon.jpg",
"https://theirworld.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/MyBestStart-girls-in-Lebanon.jpg",
"https://theirworld.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/medium-GBCED_Logo_blue.png",
"https://theirworld.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/medium-GBCED_Logo_blue.png",
"https://theirworld.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/fr-logo.png",
"https://theirworld.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/fr-logo.png",
"https://theirworld.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Four-Star-Rating-Badge-Full-Color-2000x2000.png",
"https://theirworld.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Four-Star-Rating-Badge-Full-Color-2000x2000.png",
"https://theirworld.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/candid-seal-platinum-2024.png",
"https://theirworld.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/candid-seal-platinum-2024.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] |
2018-08-20T13:00:00+00:00
|
Former UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan passed away this weekend at the age of 80. We explore his most inspirational quotes about education.
|
en
|
Theirworld
|
https://theirworld.org/news/11-inspiring-things-kofi-annan-said-about-education-and-youth-leadership/
|
The world is paying tribute to the legacy of Kofi Annan who has passed away at the age of 80. Annan was the first African to be UN Secretary-General and led the United Nations for nine years from 1997 to 2006. He spent his life dedicated to peacemaking, human rights and economic development and worked for the United Nations for most of his working life. In 2001 he won the Nobel Peace Prize in 2001, shared with UN, for his work reforming the UN and on human rights.
Annan was born in Ghana, where he attended a Methodist-founded boarding school at the age of 13 and went to university in Kumasi before receiving a scholarship to study in the United States. He studied economics at Macalester College in Minnesota and management at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He also attended the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies in Geneva.
A father of three, Annan became chair of The Elders and continued to dedicate the rest of his life to peace and justice through his work with this group of international statesmen and human rights advocates. A key part of his legacy was his instrumental role in the Millennium Development Goals being adopted by all countries in 2000 – which included the goal of primary education for every child by 2015.
Theirworld President Sarah Brown tweeted this tribute…
|
|||||
7733
|
dbpedia
|
0
| 33
|
https://kids.kiddle.co/Kofi_Annan
|
en
|
Kofi Annan facts for kids
|
[
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/wk/kids-robot.svg",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/wk/kids-search-engine.svg",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/thumb/1/1a/Kofi_Annan.jpg/300px-Kofi_Annan.jpg",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/thumb/b/b8/Kofi_Annan_Signature.svg/128px-Kofi_Annan_Signature.svg.png",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/thumb/2/2c/Kofi_Annan_Portrait.JPG/300px-Kofi_Annan_Portrait.JPG",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/thumb/7/72/Kofi_Annan_2012_%28cropped%29.jpg/300px-Kofi_Annan_2012_%28cropped%29.jpg",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/thumb/f/f8/President_Vladimir_Putin_with_UN_Secretary_General_Kofi_Annan.jpg/300px-President_Vladimir_Putin_with_UN_Secretary_General_Kofi_Annan.jpg",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/thumb/f/f1/Kofi_Annan_in_Washington_D.C.jpg/300px-Kofi_Annan_in_Washington_D.C.jpg",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/thumb/7/7e/Rice_and_Annan.jpg/120px-Rice_and_Annan.jpg",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/thumb/1/1b/Kofi_Annan_%282018%29.jpg/90px-Kofi_Annan_%282018%29.jpg",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/thumb/8/83/Ranjit_Bhaskar_Juba%2C_jan_9%2C_2011042_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg/120px-Ranjit_Bhaskar_Juba%2C_jan_9%2C_2011042_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/thumb/5/5f/Kids_robot.svg/60px-Kids_robot.svg.png",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/wk/kids-search-engine.svg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
Learn Kofi Annan facts for kids
|
en
|
/images/wk/favicon-16x16.png
|
https://kids.kiddle.co/Kofi_Annan
|
Kofi Annan (8 April 1938 – 18 August 2018) was a Ghanaian diplomat. He served as the seventh Secretary-General of the United Nations, from 1 January 1997 to 31 December 2006. Annan and the United Nations were the co-recipients of the 2001 Nobel Peace Prize. They were awarded the prize "for their work for a better organized and more peaceful world".
Early life
Annan was born in Kumasi, Ghana, to an elite family. His parents, Henry Reginald and Victoria Annan, are from the two major ethnic groups that make up the Akan – one of the groups of indigenous people of Ghana.
His father was half Asante and half Fante; his mother was Fante. The Asante were gold merchants while the Fante tribe were the middlemen in the gold trade between the Asante and the British.
Annan, whose first name means "born on a Friday", also had a twin sister, who died in 1991 from a still yet unknown disease. In Ghanaian culture, twins are considered special and are adored.
Annan probably got his first lessons in politics and diplomacy early on from his family. Both of Annan's grandfathers and his uncle were tribal chiefs. Upon his retirement, Annan's father, who worked as an export manager for the cocoa exporter Lever Brothers, was elected governor of Ghana's Asante province.
Education
In 1954, Annan attended Mfantsipim School, an Methodist boarding school in central Ghana. The Secretary-General said that the school had taught him "that suffering anywhere concerns people everywhere".
Annan went to Macalaster College in St. Paul, Minnesota and graduating in 1961. He was a Sloan Fellow at MIT in 1971–72, getting a master's degree in management.
His work at the United Nations
Annan became Secretary-General of the United Nations in January 1997, succeeding Boutros Boutros-Ghali of Egypt. Annan was a U.N. veteran who took his first job with the organization in 1962 and worked his way up through various posts including Deputy Director to the U.N. High Commissioner for Refugees (1980–83) and head of the U.N.'s peacekeeping efforts (1995–96). Annan was the first Secretary-General chosen from the ranks of the U.N.'s staff. He is also the first black man to hold the post and the second African (after Boutros-Ghali). His second term began in 2002 and ran through the end of 2006.
In 2001 he and the United Nations were awarded the Nobel Peace Prize "for their work for a better organized and more peaceful world".
Post-UN career
After he served as UN secretary-general, Annan took up residence in Geneva and worked in a leading capacity on various international humanitarian endeavours.
In 2007, Annan established the Kofi Annan Foundation, an independent, not-for-profit organisation that "works to promote better global governance and strengthen the capacities of people and countries to achieve a fairer, more secure world".
Annan served as the chair of the Global Commission on Elections, Democracy and Security. The commission was launched in May 2011 as a joint initiative of the Kofi Annan Foundation and the International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance. It comprised 12 eminent individuals from around the world, including Ernesto Zedillo, Martti Ahtisaari, Madeleine Albright and Amartya Sen, and aimed to highlight the importance of the integrity of elections to achieving a more secure, prosperous and stable world. The Commission released its final report, Deepening Democracy, a Strategy to Improve the Integrity of Elections Worldwide, in September 2012.
Other activities
In addition to the above, Annan also became involved with several organisations with both global and African focuses, including the following:
United Nations Foundation, member of the board of directors (2008–2018)
University of Ghana, chancellor (2008–2018)
School of International and Public Affairs of Columbia University, global fellow (2009–2018)
The Committee on Global Thought at Columbia University, fellow
Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy at the National University of Singapore (NUS), Li Ka Shing Professor (2009–2018)
Global Centre for Pluralism, member of the board of directors (2010–2018)
Mo Ibrahim Prize for Achievement in African Leadership, chairman of the prize committee (2007–2018)
Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa (AGRA), chairman (2007–2018)
Global Humanitarian Forum, founder and president (2007–2018)
Global Commission on Drug Policy, founding commissioner.
Annan served as chair of The Elders, a group of independent global leaders who work together on peace and human rights issues.
Annan chaired the Africa Progress Panel (APP), a group of ten distinguished individuals who advocate at the highest levels for equitable and sustainable development in Africa.
Memorials and legacy
The United Nations Postal Administration released a new stamp in memory of Annan on 31 May 2019. His portrait on the stamp was designed by artist Martin Mörck. The Kofi Annan International Peacekeeping Training Centre and the Ghana-India Kofi Annan Centre of Excellence in ICT, both in Accra, are named in his honour. The Kofi Annan University of Guinea [fr] is named after him.
Personal life
Annan was married to Nane Annan, a lawyer and artist from Sweden. Mr Annan also had a loyal friend who was his son's (Kojo) chaffuffer and confidant John Miller (Mr Miller).
Death
Annan died on 18 August 2018 in Bern, Switzerland after a short illness, aged 80.
Related pages
List of African scientists by country
Images for kids
Annan with US secretary of state Condoleezza Rice in 2006
Annan during the 54th Munich Security Conference in February 2018
Annan during the South Sudanese independence referendum with fellow elder Jimmy Carter, 2011
See also
|
|||||
7733
|
dbpedia
|
0
| 25
|
https://nairaproject.com/projects/761.html
|
en
|
THE UNITED NATIONS UNDER KOFI ANNAN
|
[
"https://d5nxst8fruw4z.cloudfront.net/atrk.gif?account=J1G+j1acFH008q"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
"Free Project topics and materials in Nigeria",
"research topics",
"reseach project materials",
"computer science project material",
"free",
"complete",
"accounting topics",
"small business topics",
"materials",
"nigeria projects",
"business administration projects",
"computer science topics and projects",
"MBA nigeria project topics",
"human resources",
"small business",
"entrepreneurship projects",
"economics projects",
"impact projects",
"effects projects",
"training",
"budgets",
"ghana",
"university",
"polytechnic"
] | null |
[
"Research Clue"
] | null |
images/favicon.ico
| null |
(1992 â 2006)
Kofi Annan was born in the Kafandors Section of Kumasi, in Central Ghana, Africa, in what was then the British colony of the Gold Coast, on April 8, 1938. He is a twin, which has a respected state in Ghanaian culture. His full name is Kofi Atta Annan, while his twin sister Efua Atta, who died in 1991, shares the middle name Atta, which in Fante and Akan means âtwinâ. Annan and his sister were born into one of the countryâs aristocratic families, both their grandfather and their uncle were tribal chiefs.1 and became accustomed to both traditional and modern ways of life. He has described himself as being âatribal in a tribal worldâ.
In Akan tradition, some children are named according to the day of the week on when they were born; and in relation to how many children precede them. Kofi in Akan is the name that corresponds with Friday.2
In 1965, Kofi Annan married Titi Alakija, a Nigerian woman from a well to do family. Several years later, they had a daughter, Ana and later a son Kojo.  The couple separated in the late seventies that is when Kojo was six years old and got a divorce two years later. In 1984, Annan remarried to Nane Legergran a Swedish lawyer at the United Nations (UN).3
Between 1954 and 1957, Annan attended the Elite Mfantsipim School, a Methodist Boarding School in Cape Coast, founded in the 1870s. Annan has said that the school taught him âthat suffering anywhere concerns people every where.4 In 1957, the year Annan graduated from Mfantsipim, Ghana gained independence from Britain.
At the age of twenty, he won a Ford Foundation Scholarship for undergraduate studies at Macalester College, St. Paul. In 1958, Annan began studying economics at the Kumasi College of Science and Technology, now the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology of Ghana. He received a Ford Foundation grant, enabling him to complete his undergraduate studies at Macalester College in St. Paul, Minnesota, United States. In 1961, Annam then did a DEA degree in International Relations at the Graduate Institute of International Studies in Geneva, Switzerland. After some years of work experience, Annan became the Alfred P. Sloan Fellow at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He studied at the MIT Sloan School of Management.5 Even then, he was showing signs of becoming a diplomat, or someone skilled in International Relations. At the end of his fellowship program, he was awarded a Master of Science (M.Sc.) degree in Management.
Early Career
In 1962, Kofi Annan started working as a Budget Officer for the World Health Organization, an agency of the United Nations (UN).  In 1972, he moved to Cairo, Egypt, as Chief Civilian Personnel Officer in the UN emergency force. Annan briefly changed career in 1974 when he left the United Nations to serve as Managing Director of the Ghana Tourist Development Company where he worked as the Director of Tourism in Ghana. Annan returned to International Diplomacy at the United Nations in 1976. For the next seven years, he was associated with the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees in Geneva. He returned to the UN Headquarters in New York City in 1983 as Director of the Budget in the Financial Services Office. In the late 1980s, Annan returned to work for the UN, where he was appointed as an Assistant Secretary-General in three consecutive positions. Human Resources, Management and Security Coordinator (1987 â 1990), he became Assistant Security-General for another department at the United Nations, the office of Program Planning, Budget and Finance, and Controller (1990 â 1992) and Peace Keeping Operations (March 1993 â December 1996).
In fulfilling his duties to the United Nations, Annan has spent most of his adult life in the United States, specifically at the UN headquarters in New York City. Annan has by this time filled a number of roles at the United Nations, ranging from peace keeping to managerial and 1990s were no different. In 1990, he negotiated the release of hostages in Iraq following the invasion of Kuwait. Five years later, he oversaw the transition of the United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR) to the Multi-national Implementation Force (IFOR) a UN peace Keeping organization. In this transfer of responsibility, operations in the former Yugoslavia were turned over to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).
The Rwandan Genocide took place in 1994 while Annan directed UN peacekeeping operations. In 2003, Canadian ex-General Romeo Dallaire, who was force commander of the United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda, claimed that Annan was overly passive in his response to the imminent genocide. In his book, shake hands with the devil: The failure of Humanity in Rwanda (2003). General Dallaire asserted that Annan held back UN troops from intervening to settle the conflict, and from providing more logistical and material support. Dallaire claimed that Annan failed to provide responses to his repeated faxes asking for access to a weapons depository, such weapons could have helped Dallaire defend the endangered Tutsis.
In 2004, ten years after the genocide in which an estimated 800,000 people were killed, Annan said âI could and should have done more to sound the alarm and really supportâ.6 Annan served as Under-Secretary-General from March 1994 to October 1995. He was appointed a Special Representative of the Secretary-General to the former Yugoslavia, serving for five months before returning to his duties as Under-Secretary-General in April 1996. In recognition of his abilities, Annan was appointed Secretary-General, the top post of the United Nations by the UN General Assembly in December 1996. He began serving his four-year term of office on January 1, 1997. Joining him was his second wife, former lawyer+- Nane Lagergren of Sweden. She is the niece of the diplomat Raoul Wallenberg (1912 â 1947), who saved thousands of European Jews from the German Nazis during World War II (1937 â 45), when American-led forces fought against Germany, Italy and Japan. Annan and Lagergren were married in 1985. The couple had one child.
|
|||||||
7733
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 10
|
https://news.un.org/en/story/2002/10/48012
|
en
|
Annan urges corporate responsibility in accord with UN Global Compact
|
https://news.un.org/en/themes/custom/un_base_theme/favicon.ico
|
https://news.un.org/en/themes/custom/un_base_theme/favicon.ico
|
[
"https://news.un.org/en/themes/custom/un3/un3_base/images/logos/UN_logo_en.svg",
"https://global.unitednations.entermediadb.net/assets/mediadb/services/module/asset/downloads/preset/assets/2008/07/07205/image100x100cropped.jpg",
"https://global.unitednations.entermediadb.net/assets/mediadb/services/module/asset/downloads/preset/assets/2001/10/00227/image100x100cropped.jpg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] |
2002-10-11T00:00:00-04:00
|
Welcoming the growing engagement of the United Nations with the private sector, Secretary-General Kofi Annan today called for responsible corporate behaviour in line with his Global Compact initiative. |
|
en
|
/en/themes/custom/un_base_theme/favicon.ico
|
UN News
|
https://news.un.org/en/story/2002/10/48012
|
“More and more businesses are themselves recognizing how much they depend on international norms and standards for the conduct of business on a global scale, and on the UN’s wide-ranging work for peace and development,” he said during an address in Cambridge, Massachusetts, at an event marking the 50th anniversary of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Sloan School of Management.
Mr. Annan explained that his Global Compact initiative, launched in 1999, “was based on the belief that open markets and human well-being can go hand in hand.” The Compact requires participating enterprises to embrace nine principles in the areas of human rights, labour standards and the environment, and to enact those principles within their spheres of influence.
Since its inception, the Secretary-General said, the Compact has promoted the importance of universal values and encouraged investors to look harder at opportunities in the least developed countries, particularly in Africa. Noting that the Compact has also created a learning forum – a worldwide academic network that examines case studies, Mr. Annan hailed the Sloan School for its “important role” in the effort.
“Businesses may ask why they should go down this path, especially if it involves taking steps that competitors might not, or steps they feel are rightly the province of governments,” he said. “Sometimes, doing what is right – for example, eco-efficiency or creating decent work-place conditions – is in the immediate interest of business.”
At the same time, the Secretary-General pointed to the moral imperative of acting with integrity. “Sometimes, we must do what is right simply because not to do so would be wrong, and sometimes, we do what is right to help usher in a new day, of new norms and new behaviours,” he said. “We do not want business to do anything different from their normal business; we want them to do their normal business differently.”
From 1971 to 1972, the Secretary-General was a Sloan Fellow at MIT, where he received a Masters of Science degree in management.
|
||
7733
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 47
|
https://www.vaia.com/en-us/magazine/best-business-schools-globally/
|
en
|
Best Business Schools: US, UK, List & Ranking
|
[
"https://www.vaia.com/app/themes/studypress-core-theme/dist/assets/images/logos/vaia.svg",
"https://website-cdn.studysmarter.de/sites/21/2024/07/subject-other.svg",
"https://website-cdn.studysmarter.de/sites/21/2024/07/book-closed.svg",
"https://website-cdn.studysmarter.de/sites/21/2024/07/flashcard.svg",
"https://website-cdn.studysmarter.de/sites/21/2024/07/ai.svg",
"https://website-cdn.studysmarter.de/sites/21/2024/07/note.svg",
"https://website-cdn.studysmarter.de/sites/21/2024/07/calendar.svg",
"https://website-cdn.studysmarter.de/sites/21/2024/07/folder-plus.svg",
"https://website-cdn.studysmarter.de/sites/21/2024/07/file-question-02.svg",
"https://website-cdn.studysmarter.de/sites/21/2024/07/Flashcards-Image.jpg",
"https://website-cdn.studysmarter.de/sites/21/2024/07/Study-Set-Image.jpg",
"https://website-cdn.studysmarter.de/sites/21/2024/07/Notes-Image.jpg",
"https://website-cdn.studysmarter.de/sites/21/2024/07/Study-Plan-Image.jpg",
"https://website-cdn.studysmarter.de/sites/21/2024/07/book-open-01.svg",
"https://website-cdn.studysmarter.de/sites/21/2024/07/briefcase-01.svg",
"https://website-cdn.studysmarter.de/sites/21/2024/07/phone-01.svg",
"https://website-cdn.studysmarter.de/sites/21/2024/07/Magazine-Image.jpg",
"https://website-cdn.studysmarter.de/sites/21/2024/07/Our-App-Image.jpg",
"https://website-cdn.studysmarter.de/sites/21/2024/07/subject-other.svg",
"https://website-cdn.studysmarter.de/sites/21/2024/07/book-closed.svg",
"https://website-cdn.studysmarter.de/sites/21/2024/07/flashcard.svg",
"https://website-cdn.studysmarter.de/sites/21/2024/07/ai.svg",
"https://website-cdn.studysmarter.de/sites/21/2024/07/note.svg",
"https://website-cdn.studysmarter.de/sites/21/2024/07/calendar.svg",
"https://website-cdn.studysmarter.de/sites/21/2024/07/folder-plus.svg",
"https://website-cdn.studysmarter.de/sites/21/2024/07/file-question-02.svg",
"https://website-cdn.studysmarter.de/sites/21/2024/07/book-open-01.svg",
"https://website-cdn.studysmarter.de/sites/21/2024/07/briefcase-01.svg",
"https://website-cdn.studysmarter.de/sites/21/2024/07/phone-01.svg",
"https://website-cdn.studysmarter.de//sites/5/sites/5/2022/11/Artboard-133jj-1-1536x864.png",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c8822a19d39e33a3746509c62b1456af?s=100&d=mm&r=g",
"https://www.vaia.com/app/themes/studypress-core-theme/dist/assets/images/magazine/link.svg",
"https://www.vaia.com/app/themes/studypress-core-theme/dist/assets/images/magazine/mail.svg",
"https://www.vaia.com/app/themes/studypress-core-theme/dist/assets/images/magazine/linkin.svg",
"https://www.vaia.com/app/themes/studypress-core-theme/dist/assets/images/magazine/whatsapp.svg",
"https://website-cdn.studysmarter.de//sites/5/sites/5/2022/11/0E661A845FD208B1E0502BB1171D4372.jpeg",
"https://website-cdn.studysmarter.de//sites/5/sites/5/2022/11/Wharton_undergraduate_students_in_cohorts.jpg",
"https://website-cdn.studysmarter.de//sites/5/sites/5/2022/11/rsz_egade_business_school_at_monterrey_from_rufino_tamayo_park-640x426.jpg",
"https://website-cdn.studysmarter.de//sites/5/sites/5/2022/11/uNUlykakCV6nNOHJ-768x368.png",
"https://website-cdn.studysmarter.de/sites/14/2023/07/Vaia_feedback-phone.png",
"https://website-cdn.studysmarter.de/sites/5/us/stsm_Building_a_Second_Brain_is_a_methodology_for_saving_and_sy_9fbc7d40-fb57-41fe-bf0b-9cadfd50ed90-768x430.png",
"https://website-cdn.studysmarter.de/sites/5/us/Copy-of-Online-lernen-Wie-du-Zuhause-lernst-dark-768x403.webp",
"https://website-cdn.studysmarter.de/sites/5/us/How-to-stop-procrastinating-dark-768x403.webp",
"https://website-cdn.studysmarter.de/sites/14/2023/07/Vaia_Logo.svg",
"https://website-cdn.studysmarter.de//sites/5/sites/5/2022/08/us-flag.png",
"https://website-cdn.studysmarter.de//sites/5/sites/5/2022/08/en-flag.png",
"https://website-cdn.studysmarter.de//sites/5/sites/5/2022/08/es-flag.png",
"https://website-cdn.studysmarter.de//sites/5/sites/5/2022/08/de-flag.png",
"https://website-cdn.studysmarter.de//sites/5/sites/5/2022/08/fr-flag.png",
"https://website-cdn.studysmarter.de//sites/5/sites/5/2022/08/it-flag.png",
"https://website-cdn.studysmarter.de//sites/5/sites/5/2021/12/LKVIUFzH-0t5upqTu-app-store.svg",
"https://website-cdn.studysmarter.de//sites/5/sites/5/2021/12/hiXi9mY6-jhXhbghR-google-play.svg"
] |
[
"https://www.youtube.com/embed/WdmGrkDlr1w?feature=oembed",
"https://www.youtube.com/embed/7jzs4TtF7_k?start=55&feature=oembed",
"https://www.youtube.com/embed/_KsAeaxaYiQ?list=PLxq_lXOUlvQANz3NpGqhT9FefSwzhEsPc",
"https://www.youtube.com/embed/RlVfbdET5WA?feature=oembed"
] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Ivana"
] |
2022-11-09T16:22:10+00:00
|
Best Business Schools: • US • UK • World • Europe • Undergraduate • Ranking • List • Major • M7 • Vaia Magazine
|
en
|
Vaia
|
https://www.vaia.com/en-us/magazine/best-business-schools-globally/
|
Best Business Schools Rankings: UK and US
There are numerous university ranking systems, including the Academic Ranking of World Universities (based on quality of education, quality of faculty, research output, and per capita academic performance), Times Higher Education World University Rankings (based on teaching, research, citations, industry income, and international outlook), and Webometrics Ranking of World Universities (based on web presence and online visibility).
So, as you can see, each ranking system has its own criteria, and results will vary according to each system. However, you can bet your bottom dollar that most of the usual suspects (your Ivy Leagues and your Oxfords) will always feature prominently. However, as we ALWAYS reiterate, some universities don’t even rank in the top 400, but they will still provide you with an outstanding education if you do the work!
But let’s see what the results for best business schools say …
Join over 90% of students getting better grades!
That’s a pretty good statistic. Download our free all-in-one learning app and start your most successful learning journey yet. Let’s do it!
Get started now
The 5 Best Business Schools in the UK 🇬🇧
The rankings from QS World University Rankings by Subject are for Business and Management Studies.
Ranking (QS System) University Established 1 in the UK, 3 globally London Business School (University of London) 1964 2 in the UK, 8 globally University of Cambridge Judge Business School 1990 3 in the UK, 9 globally Saïd Business School (University of Oxford) 1996 4 in the UK, 11 globally The London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE) 1895 (Fun fact: cofounded by playwright George Bernard Shaw!) 5 in the UK, 21 globally Warwick Business School (University of Warwick) 1967
To get a feel for the Saïd Business School (named after businessman and philanthropist Wafic Saïd), you can watch this video celebrating the school’s 25th anniversary:
And if you want to experience the life of a student at LSE (which has produced nine Noble laureates!), you can check out their student vlogs page offering tons of helpful info, such as campus tours, finding accommodating in London, how to connect with your classmates, budgeting tips, how to write your dissertation, how to read academic texts, and study spots on campus.
Best Business Schools in the US 🇺🇸
The rankings from QS World University Rankings by Subject are for Business and Management Studies.
Ranking (QS System) University Established 1 in the US, 1 globally Harvard Business School (Harvard University) 1908 2 in the US, 4 globally Stanford Graduate School of Business (Standford University) 1925 3 in the US, 5 globally MIT Sloan School of Management (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) 1914 4 in the US, 7 globally The Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania 1881 5 in the US, 12 globally Haas School of Business, University of California Berkeley 1898
Now, if you want to attend the number one business school in the world, you don’t need to enroll in an MBA or PhD program – you can simply do an online course lasting between six and eight weeks! Course topics include Business Essentials, Entrepreneurship and Innovation, Finance and Accounting, and Leadership and Management. Below is an example of the certificate you earn on completion of one of the online courses:
An interesting fact regarding the Stanford Graduate School of Business: It is the most competitive business school globally for an MBA (Master of Business Administration) – 2021’s acceptance rate was just over six percent! If you’re keen to learn more about this highly acclaimed school, you can check out their latest magazine, which includes insightful articles on AI (be sure to read How to Survive the AI Revolution), innovation, stories from alumni, leadership, and common challenges in the workplace, like dealing with difficult bosses.
And if you’d like a tour of the incredible Stanford GSB campus, here’s a video highlighting some of the top spots 👇:
M7 Business Schools: What’s the Deal?
Can you guess what the M stands for? Master? Merit? Mighty? It’s actually … magnificent!
M7 business schools are the top seven graduate business schools in the US, offering the most prestigious and highly sought-after MBA graduate programs. They have an extremely selective admission process, and applicants must demonstrate substantial academic achievement (including high GMAT* scores) and other significant achievements (community impact, entrepreneurship, leadership, etc.). M7 business schools have (of course) famous alumni who have gone on to become CEOs or hold other executive positions at top global companies.
So, which schools comprise the M7?
Columbia Business School
Prestige: CBS is also an Ivy League school (as are Harvard and UPenn).
Harvard Business School
Famous alumni: CEO and founder of Bloomberg, Michael Bloomberg.
MIT Sloan School of Management
Famous alumni: Kofi Annan, former secretary-general of the United Nations.
Northwestern University Kellogg School of Management
History: Recognize the name of your beloved Cereal brand? Kellogg School of Management was named after John L. Kellogg, the son of the founder of Kellogg’s cereal!
Stanford Graduate School of Business
Salary: Graduates can expect a post-MBA salary of just under 225,000 USD!
University of Chicago Booth School of Business
Nobel laureates: The BSB is associated with a brilliant nine Nobel laureates in Economic Sciences!
The Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania
Famous alumni: Tesla, SpaceX, and now Twitter (yikes) CEO Elon Musk and Google CEO Sundar Pichai.
The Wharton School is also the biggest regarding class size, with just over 900 students.
* GMAT stands for Graduate Management Admission Test, the most widely used test to assess if a candidate is ready for graduate business and management programs (especially an MBA). The higher the GMAT score, the better the chances of admission, especially into an M7 school. The GMAT assesses critical thinking and reasoning skills, as well as writing, reading, and analytical skills. M7 schools require GMAT scores over 700 – and stats indicate that only 6% of candidates taking the test get over 700!
The Best Business Schools in Europe
Europe ranks really well for universities offering Business and Management Studies. Here are the top 5:
INSEAD, France: 2 globally
Fun fact: INSEAD is ranked first in Europe for the number of unicorns founded by an INSEAD alumnus (unfortunately, we don’t mean actual unicorns but rather private startup companies valued at over a staggering $1 billion). 🦄
SDA Bocconi School of Management (Bocconi University, Italy): 6 globally
Fun fact: The SDA Bocconi School of Management is one of only 100 universities that holds what is known as the “triple crown,” meaning that three prestigious accreditation associations have accredited it.
HEC Paris, France: 10 globally
Fun fact: Françoise Hollande, former president of France, is an HEC alumnus. It is also one of the oldest business schools globally, founded in 1881.
Copenhagen Business School, Denmark: 14 globally
Fun fact: CBS is one of the largest business schools, with over 20,000 students. Unlike many schools listed here, CBS offers a comprehensive undergraduate program. You can choose from economics and maths, communication in companies, international business relations, IT and information in companies, people in organizations, and business startup and development.
Rotterdam School of Management, Erasmus University, Netherlands: 15 globally
Fun fact: The Rotterdam School of Management was ranked number 1 in the 2021 Shanghai Global Ranking of Academic Subjects in the Business Administration category.
If you want a taste of graduating at the prestigious INSEAD, then watch this video of valedictorian speaker Shahbaaz Sabharwal for the 2022 MBA Class (also, if you scroll towards the end of the video, you’ll get a good view of how magnificently magical INSEAD and its surroundings are – literally Hogwarts vibes!):
Best Business Schools in the World: Continents
And here are the top 100 business schools in Latin America, Africa, Asia, and Oceania. I was a little biased in presenting my alma mater (Wits University), BUT it is a fantastic university if you’re considering doing an exchange program to South Africa 😉.
Latin America
EGADE Business School Monterry (Tecnológico de Monterrey, Mexico): 30 globally.
Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (UC), Chile: 58 globally.
Universidad de los Andes School of Management, Colombia: 91 globally.
Business School São Paulo (Universidade de São Paulo), Brazil: 97 globally.
Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez Business School, Chile: 102 globally.
Africa
AUC School of Business (The American University in Cairo), Egypt.
Cairo University, Egypt.
UCT Graduate School of Business (University of Cape Town), South Africa.
Stellenbosch Business School (Stellenbosch University), South Africa.
Wits Business School (University of the Witwatersrand), South Africa.
Fun fact: Wits Business School has the highest number of MBA graduates in Africa. It also has the largest academic institution case centre in Africa, giving students the opportunity to analyze a diversity of real-life business challenges.
Exam stress causing you sleepless nights?
Get a good night’s rest with our free teacher-verified study sets and a smart study planner to help you manage your studies effectively.
Get started now
Asia
NUS Business School (National University of Singapore), Singapore: 13 globally.
Nanyang Business School (Nanyang Technological University), Singapore: 20 globally.
HKUST Business School Central (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology), Hong Kong: 24 globally.
Lee Kong Chian School of Business (Singapore Management University), Singapore: 36 globally.
Seoul National University Business School, South Korea: 39 globally.
Fun fact: The National University of Singapore’s Business School’s website also has an option where you can chat with NSU Business School students to get first-hand insights into what it’s like to study at the school.
Oceania
Melbourne Business School (The University of Melbourne), Australia: 34 globally.
UNSW Business School (University of New South Wales), Australia: 44 globally.
The University of Sydney Business School, Australia: 47 globally.
Monash Business School (Monash University), Australia: 52 globally.
ANU College of Business and Economics (Australian National University), Australia: 83 globally.
The University of Auckland Business School, New Zealand: 105 globally.
You can follow this link to see some of the research published by students/alumni/professors of The University of Melbourne’s business school. This paper, “How the Linguistic Styles of Donald Trump and Joe Biden Reflect Different Forms of Power,” was SUPER interesting to read!
Best Business Schools List: Graduate Programs
Many business schools on this list only offer graduate programs, which you can explore after your undergraduate degree. But as we said above, you don’t need to pursue a full-time, long-term degree like an MBA or PhD – a lot of these schools also offer fantastic online short courses with certification that’ll be sure to provide you with invaluable knowledge and skills from top lecturers and professors. Always do your research when searching for a university to study at to see if their programs align with your career goals. And yes, unfortunately, business schools can be very pricy, so be sure to check out our posts on how to secure a scholarship!
Good luck on your quest to becoming the best in the business 😉, and remember: While prestigious schools do give you access to some of the best minds, resources, and facilities in the world (as well as some pretty impressive salary increases upon graduation), there are GREAT minds everywhere, and you can always learn something valuable, no matter where (or when!) you study!
|
|||||
7733
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 51
|
https://rostrumedu.com/break-into-m7-business-schools/
|
en
|
Secure Admission to M7 Business Schools
|
[
"https://www.facebook.com/tr?id=618545330083993&ev=PageView &noscript=1",
"https://cdn-ckeej.nitrocdn.com/GZNVcEJnLBmWutBnaneHbvpPAXCHBZQg/assets/images/optimized/rev-0e6fd71/rostrumedu.com/wp-content/uploads/Untitled-2-_1_-_1_-_1_.webp",
"https://cdn-ckeej.nitrocdn.com/GZNVcEJnLBmWutBnaneHbvpPAXCHBZQg/assets/images/optimized/rev-0e6fd71/rostrumedu.com/wp-content/uploads/Picture3-5.jpg 753w, https://cdn-ckeej.nitrocdn.com/GZNVcEJnLBmWutBnaneHbvpPAXCHBZQg/assets/images/optimized/rev-0e6fd71/rostrumedu.com/wp-content/uploads/Picture3-5-300x200.jpg 300w, https://cdn-ckeej.nitrocdn.com/GZNVcEJnLBmWutBnaneHbvpPAXCHBZQg/assets/images/optimized/rev-0e6fd71/rostrumedu.com/wp-content/uploads/Picture3-5-150x100.jpg 150w",
"https://cdn-ckeej.nitrocdn.com/GZNVcEJnLBmWutBnaneHbvpPAXCHBZQg/assets/images/optimized/rev-0e6fd71/rostrumedu.com/wp-content/uploads/apollo13_images/Picture2-16-7jttaqauv0yy0wfp33es6chl7yiim50gdm.jpg",
"https://cdn-ckeej.nitrocdn.com/GZNVcEJnLBmWutBnaneHbvpPAXCHBZQg/assets/images/optimized/rev-0e6fd71/rostrumedu.com/wp-content/uploads/apollo13_images/Picture4-1-7jttmggh4sqap10zdgas81037hl9hd8uzu.jpg",
"https://cdn-ckeej.nitrocdn.com/GZNVcEJnLBmWutBnaneHbvpPAXCHBZQg/assets/images/optimized/rev-0e6fd71/rostrumedu.com/wp-content/uploads/Download-4.png",
"https://cdn-ckeej.nitrocdn.com/GZNVcEJnLBmWutBnaneHbvpPAXCHBZQg/assets/images/optimized/rev-0e6fd71/rostrumedu.com/wp-content/uploads/white-trans.png",
"https://www.facebook.com/tr?id=836854227071680&ev=PageView&noscript=1&cd%5Bpost_category%5D=Extracurriculars%2C+Rostrum%2C+us%2C+US+Admissions%2C+Us+colleges&cd%5Bpage_title%5D=Break+into+M7+Business+Schools&cd%5Bpost_type%5D=post&cd%5Bpost_id%5D=51757&cd%5Bplugin%5D=PixelYourSite&cd%5Buser_role%5D=guest&cd%5Bevent_url%5D=rostrumedu.com%2Fbreak-into-m7-business-schools%2F"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Yatarth"
] |
2024-07-24T02:21:14+05:30
|
Crack admission to M7 Business Schools with Rostrum Education. Update yourself on What are M7 Business schools, What is the difficulty level of M7 B-Schools, Alumni Success Stories, and how you crack admission in one of the M7 Business schools. Get success on your pathway to M7 business school with Rostrum Education.
|
en
|
Rostrumedu - The Best University Counsellor in Delhi
|
https://rostrumedu.com/break-into-m7-business-schools/
|
Outline
What are M7 Business schools?
What is the difficulty level of M7 B-Schools?
Alumni Success Stories
How do you crack admission in one of the M7 Business schools?
Countless young, ambitious people want to get into an M7 business school. The M7 business schools are deemed the most credible, offering MBA programs with challenging academic courses, reputable rankings, and internship opportunities. But what are these M7 business schools, and what can they do to get into one of them? Here, you will find all the information you should know about M7 business schools and how to get there, with particular emphasis on the schools’ fiercely competitive admissions criteria.
What are M7 Business Schools?
M7 stands for the seven selected business schools globally acclaimed for providing management education. These institutions mentioned above are known for having powerful alumni connections, huge corners within the faculty, and influential career places. The M7 includes:
Harvard Business School (HBS)
Harvard Business School (HBS) is undoubtedly one of the most recognized business schools in the world; it is situated in Boston, Massachusetts. Noteworthy for the specific case approach to teaching, focusing on using cases and their practical application to solve problems. The alumni network of HBS is expansive and recognized as affecting change in global industries through its CEOs, start-ups, and leaders.
2. Stanford Graduate School of Business (GSB)
GSB is located at Stanford, California, in the middle of the world’s technological innovation hub, Silicon Valley. The school positions the institution to take advantage of neighboring technologies and new-age firms through internships and job placement in venture capital and technology firms. GSB is currently staffed by renowned researchers and practitioners who give the school a reputation for innovation in business education.
3. Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania
Located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Wharton is recognized for its specialization in finance and liberal use of data analysis. It offers a broad range of programs and specializations, so learners can choose precisely what they want from MBA programs. Also, Wharton has one of the largest global alumni networks and close ties with the financial sector, which benefits learners.
4. Columbia Business School
Columbia University, based in New York City, provides exposure to the financial and business center of the city. The school has received the most recognition because of its focus on finance, consulting, and real estate. The Columbia curriculum is structured similarly, where great care is taken to provide students with a broad business education. At the same time, there is flexibility in enabling specialization.
5. Kellogg School of Management at Northwestern University
Kellogg, located in Evanston, Illinois, is noted for its teamwork and most significant marketing and management concentrations. The educational values encouraged at this school are teamwork, leadership, and place-based learning. Kellogg’s range of programs and emphasis on the graduates’ balanced character make it a great choice.
6. Booth School of Business at the University of Chicago
Situated in Chicago, Illinois, Booth is recognized for its flexibility and systematic ways of teaching business. Students can pursue their academic endeavors per the school’s graduation employment objectives. Booth’s faculty includes Nobel laureates and other scholars who help to sustain the excitement of idea generation and discovery.
7. MIT Sloan School of Management
Sloan School is in Cambridge, Massachusetts, and is reputed for its productivity with particular emphasis on technological advancement. Creating an entrepreneurial culture is another feature of the school and is strongly connected to the whole MIT network. Such an emphasis on the practical element, the focus on innovation, and the understanding of the global context helps prepare Sloan students for leadership at various organizations.
What is the Difficulty Level of M7 B-Schools?
The business schools involved in the M7 are among the most difficult MBA programs for students to get into. Here’s why:
High Application Volume
M7 comprises some of the best business schools, and thousands of applicants apply to the business schools annually. For example, the appraisal of Harvard Business School reveals that the school has registrations of about 10,000 applicants each year, and the number of students admitted annually ranges from about 930. This high volume of applications implies that every applicant competes with domestic workers and those of global experience and view.
Selective Admissions
Also, the acceptance rates for admission to M7 schools are considerably low, averaging between 6% and 12% in a year. For instance, Stanford Graduate School of Business admits only persons constituting about 6% of the applicants, which makes it one of the most competitive business schools globally. This selectivity is the result that the schools must have the best students, in other words, qualified and promising.
Holistic Review
Unlike most law schools that focus on the applicants’ scores, M7 schools review an applicant comprehensively. They seek a balance of:
Stellar Academic Records: High-grade point average from reputable undergraduate colleges and universities.
Strong GMAT/GRE Scores: High marks are often regarded as good marks that people get in the best percentiles.
Impressive Work Experience: Substantial accomplishments in one’s profession, demonstrable leadership, and influence to date.
Leadership Potential: This can be evidenced through professions, community service engagement, and co-curricular activities.
Unique Personal Qualities: People’s behaviors reveal they can persevere, think unconventionally and outside the box, and view the class from a different angle that will add to the cultural diversity of the class.
Diverse Cohorts
It is noted that M7 schools aim to create a diverse class, not only in terms of the geographical origin of students but also in terms of their professional activity, experience, and interests. It also increases the variety of the learning process and contributes to the student’s preparation for the internationalized business environment. Thus, applicants need to explain how they will positively contribute to the mentioned diversity regarding their career background, multicultural exposure, hobbies, and interests.
Strong Essays and Interviews
Essays and interviews are required in the application process of the M7 business schools. Inflate this statement. Applicants are required to write appealing essays to narrate their stories and achievements. These essays should communicate why they are interested in an MBA, what they want to do after it, and whether the MBA and the particular M7 school they are applying for are right for them. Furthermore, the interview also aims to assess an applicant’s speaking skills, confidence, and interpersonal compatibility with the school’s atmosphere.
Alumni Success Stories
Profiles of Notable Alumni from Each M7 School
The M7 business schools boast a rich history of producing graduates who have become leaders and innovators across various industries. Here are a few notable alumni from each school:
This table provides a comprehensive look at the notable alums, their industry achievements, and the network impact of each M7 business school.
How Do You Crack Admission in One of the M7 Business Schools?
To get accepted to any of the M7 business schools, it is essential to integrate enough planning, preparation, and a killer resume. Here are vital steps to help you crack admission to an M7 business school: Here are essential steps to help you crack admission to an M7 business school:
1. Strong Academic Background
GPA: The score one achieves in the undergraduate program is crucial and should be manipulated towards the best. M7 schools prefer candidates with good academic records to measure their productivity.
Transcript: Make sure your GPA is up to par and your schedule consists of challenging classes and no fall-through semesters. This is an appropriate section to point out any academic achievements that the student may have received.
2. High GMAT/GRE Scores
Preparation: Spend time studying for tests such as the GMAT or GRE. There ought to be a preparatory period for a test; however, if this accomplishment is unattainable, one should consider enrolling in prep courses or hiring a tutor.
Scores: Don’t shoot for a score below what is regarded as average for students admitted into the M7 schools. Generally, a competitive score on the GMAT might mean scoring above 700.
3. Relevant Work Experience
Quality Over Quantity: It is, however, advisable to submit proof of employment experience because even though most M7 schools allow students to join without any working experience, it is usually an added advantage if the applicant has working experience. Convergence should be based on the quality of the work in addition to its significance.
Leadership: Illustrate the leadership positions irrespective of environment or less conventional sectors. Illustrate how you have directed a project, a group of people, or an endeavor.
4. Compelling Personal Statement
Narrative: Write a statement about yourself to create an individual insisting on uniqueness. Emphasize why you want to get an MBA, what you do and want to do in the future, and why an M7 exists explicitly.
Fit: Sell yourself to the school and explain why the program will suit the school and why the school should choose you.
5. Strong Letters of Recommendation
Recommenders: It is highly recommended that you select recommenders who understand your personality and know your job achievements and leadership abilities. Preferably, these are working contacts such as supervisors or colleagues at work.
Content: Inform the persons who wrote your recommendations about job officers’ particular focus on specific illustrations of your accomplishments and potential.
6. Extracurricular Activities and Leadership
Involvement: It is advised to discuss your activities in the extras, such as clubs, volunteer work, or community service organizations. Such activities depict integrity of leadership, teamwork, and passion for meeting people’s needs.
Impact: Concentrate on those jobs where you have applied your abilities most effectively or directed people
7. Interviews
Preparation: It is, therefore, essential to take time and prepare for the interview. Below are some guidelines that should be followed when researching the school’s culture, values, and programs: More often than not, MBA interviews will always test your general interview skills by asking numerous questions that any good interviewee would answer, some of which are;
Presentation: When introducing oneself in this interview, one should explain to the panelists why they are suitable for the program.
8. Networking and Research
Alums and Current Students: Interview alums and current students to get a feel of the program. Participate in information sessions and Webex meetings.
Research: This is where you demonstrate that you have researched the programs offered at the school, the faculty, and other opportunities. Ensure that the application you create caters to this knowledge.
9. Application Timing
Early Rounds: Hence, it should be used in the preliminary stages of the competition. This also shows that you are interested in the university and puts you in a better standing for admission.
Deadlines: The candidates should be cautious with the application’s deadlines and submit all necessary documents on time.
Entering an M7 business school is not a walk in the park. Nonetheless, it is possible when one is well prepared, well mapped out, and, most importantly, presents an extreme case. Due to the nature of the M7 program, every one of the schools is quite different; therefore, it is essential that before applying for this program, adequate research and probably self-analysis are carried out to ensure that the program suits any given candidate’s career path and beliefs.
Rostrum Education focuses on the challenge of preparing students for successful examinations and entering the best business schools in the world. Rostrum’s one-on-one training and follow-up make you competent by providing the correct information, developing necessary skills, and boosting self-confidence. Expert tutors assist in choosing the best schools, writing excellent cover letters, preparing for interviews, and passing admission tests. Thus, Rostrum Education allows all applicants to succeed in the heavily competitive adaptive environment, having programs that are personalized to each learner’s specific needs and goals.
|
|||||
7733
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 53
|
https://www.edp.com/en/edp-group/we-choose-earth-tour-madrid
|
en
|
We Choose Earth Tour Madrid 2023 | edp.com
|
[
"https://www.edp.com/sites/default/files/styles/menu_image_213x155/public/2024-07/capital_markets_day.jpg.webp?itok=GkflIVsH",
"https://www.edp.com/sites/default/files/styles/menu_image_213x155/public/2022-06/wind-float-edp.JPG.webp?itok=Th_eEhNh",
"https://www.edp.com/sites/default/files/styles/menu_image_213x155/public/2024-01/djsi_image.jpg.webp?itok=lExjw6B4",
"https://www.edp.com/sites/default/files/styles/menu_image_213x155/public/2022-11/Destaque_Menu_EDPyes.jpg.webp?itok=b57fbIB0",
"https://www.edp.com/sites/default/files/styles/menu_image_213x155/public/2023-11/new_0.JPG.webp?itok=v7yufOoY",
"https://www.edp.com/sites/default/files/styles/menu_image_213x155/public/2024-06/evp%202024_0.jpg.webp?itok=eDvkpQDB",
"https://www.edp.com/sites/default/files/styles/menu_image_213x155/public/2023-04/sede-edp-lisboa.jpg.webp?itok=VIDRKPMQ",
"https://www.edp.com/sites/default/files/styles/menu_image_213x155/public/2023-05/destaque-revista-edpon-2_0.jpg.webp?itok=Obh6gC0n",
"https://www.edp.com/sites/default/files/2023-05/wce-speakers.png",
"https://www.edp.com/sites/default/files/2023-05/AmalClooney.jpg",
"https://www.edp.com/sites/default/files/2023-05/MiguelStilwellAndrade.jpg",
"https://www.edp.com/sites/default/files/2023-05/PeterFrankopan.jpg",
"https://www.edp.com/sites/default/files/2023-05/CeciliaTham.jpg",
"https://www.edp.com/sites/default/files/2023-05/HenriqueDans.jpg",
"https://www.edp.com/sites/default/files/2023-05/JuliaSeixas.jpg",
"https://www.edp.com/sites/default/files/2023-05/KristianRuby.jpg",
"https://www.edp.com/sites/default/files/2023-05/LubomilaJordanova.jpg",
"https://www.edp.com/sites/default/files/2023-05/CelineCosteau.jpg",
"https://www.edp.com/sites/default/files/2023-06/AntonioCoimbra.jpg",
"https://www.edp.com/sites/default/files/2023-05/JavierVerdura.jpg",
"https://www.edp.com/sites/default/files/2023-05/SophiaKianni.jpg",
"https://www.edp.com/sites/default/files/2024-04/LauraRuizGalarreta.png",
"https://www.edp.com/sites/default/files/2023-05/AdamGrant.jpg",
"https://www.edp.com/sites/default/files/2023-05/Macaco.jpg",
"https://www.edp.com/sites/default/files/2023-05/wce-school.png",
"https://www.edp.com/sites/default/files/2023-06/StayHomas.jpg",
"https://www.edp.com/sites/default/files/2023-05/AinhoaArbizu.jpeg",
"https://www.edp.com/sites/default/files/2023-05/ecodes.png",
"https://www.edp.com/sites/default/files/2023-05/ecomar.png",
"https://www.edp.com/sites/default/files/2023-05/laespanaazul.png",
"https://www.edp.com/themes/custom/edp_theme_folder/assets/img/svg/share/icon-facebook.svg",
"https://www.edp.com/themes/custom/edp_theme_folder/assets/img/svg/share/icon-linkedin.svg",
"https://www.edp.com/themes/custom/edp_theme_folder/assets/img/svg/share/icon-twitter.svg",
"https://www.edp.com/themes/custom/edp_theme_folder/assets/img/svg/share/icon-whatsapp.svg",
"https://www.edp.com/themes/custom/edp_theme_folder/assets/img/svg/share/icon-email.svg",
"https://www.edp.com/themes/custom/edp_theme_folder/assets/img/svg/share/icon-copy-link.svg",
"https://www.edp.com/sites/default/files/styles/image_related_content_item_480x270/public/2022-06/mar-brasil.jpg.webp?itok=yKCUlMay",
"https://www.edp.com/sites/default/files/styles/image_related_content_item_480x270/public/2022-09/microplasticos_LR.jpg.webp?itok=51glPK1m",
"https://www.edp.com/sites/default/files/styles/medium/public/2022-09/MicrosoftTeams-image%20%2813%29.png.webp?itok=aSQH6xYq",
"https://www.edp.com/sites/default/files/styles/medium/public/2019-12/acess.png.webp?itok=wNwkzK3l"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
en
|
/sites/default/files/favico_3.ico
|
edp.com
|
https://www.edp.com/en/edp-group/we-choose-earth-tour-madrid
|
Welcome to the WE CHOOSE EARTH TOUR, a global conference designed to trigger a reflection in each one of us, as individuals or corporations, aiming to ignite, energize and empower participants to adopt a holistic approach to environmental and social preservation.
In the face of uncertainty, we are called to action, driven by a shared purpose and by hope for greater impact. Earth is calling us. Now is the time to prioritize collective transformation and invest in the progress of humanity.
At EDP, we are fully committed to step up to the challenge, to lead the way in embracing the greatest mission of our times – safeguarding and caring for the planet and its people. It’s not only about driving the energy transition, it’s about doing it in a fair and inclusive way. It’s about aligning technological innovation, policy debate, investment and social development towards a powerful, positive movement that leaves no one behind.
|
|||||
7733
|
dbpedia
|
3
| 65
|
https://www.stanleymeisler.com/article/man-in-the-middle-travels-with-kofi-annan
|
en
|
Man in the Middle: Travels with Kofi Annan by Stanley Meisler
|
[
"https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/5fe1923c231cf2d5c3661d4e/5fe19a6639d0911a6e14496f_stan-logo.jpg",
"https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/5fe1923c231cf2d5c3661d4e/5fe19a291c22ba7ff3eac91a_19670414%20LATIMES%20Meisler%20portrait%20-%20web.jpg",
"https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/5fe1923c231cf2d5c3661d4e/5fe19a3ed40e1ac273c5827c_marchwash.jpg",
"https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/5fe1923c231cf2d5c3661d4e/5fe19a462b0d4555236d9c33_smeisler.jpg",
"https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/5fe1923c231cf252d3661d62/5fe2256e9bbe62b05eb60a1c_ap-logo.jpg",
"https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/5fe1923c231cf252d3661d62/5fee18a745a05d151e49a33a_atlantic.jpg",
"https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/5fe1923c231cf252d3661d62/5fef9d4b47d282306b029f68_LosAngelesTimes.jpg",
"https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/5fe1923c231cf252d3661d62/5fe23c28f8c105f2483b1ef5_nation-logo.gif",
"https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/5fe1923c231cf252d3661d62/5fe23c17a37efeceb3d2d717_smithsonian-logo.gif",
"https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/5fe1923c231cf252d3661d62/5fe1f394de1a604c7491f655_ShockingParis-medium.jpg",
"https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/5fe1923c231cf252d3661d62/5fe1f538820e83423c0c03ed_PeaceCorps-cover-medium.jpg",
"https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/5fe1923c231cf252d3661d62/5fe1f611572338481b5a63cd_KofiAnnan-cover-large.jpg",
"https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/5fe1923c231cf252d3661d62/5fe1f4d15dab5b22e20bb079_un-ahistory-medium.jpg",
"https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/5fe1923c231cf252d3661d62/5fe23c17a37efeceb3d2d717_smithsonian-logo.gif",
"https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/5fe1923c231cf252d3661d62/5ffa2df06d435d06c4ece814_smithsonian-03-01.jpg",
"https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/5fe1923c231cf2d5c3661d4e/5fe19a6639d0911a6e14496f_stan-logo.jpg",
"https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/5fe1923c231cf2d5c3661d4e/5fe19a291c22ba7ff3eac91a_19670414%20LATIMES%20Meisler%20portrait%20-%20web.jpg",
"https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/5fe1923c231cf2d5c3661d4e/5fe19a3ed40e1ac273c5827c_marchwash.jpg",
"https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/5fe1923c231cf2d5c3661d4e/5fe19a462b0d4555236d9c33_smeisler.jpg",
"https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/5fe1923c231cf252d3661d62/5fe2256e9bbe62b05eb60a1c_ap-logo.jpg",
"https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/5fe1923c231cf252d3661d62/5fee18a745a05d151e49a33a_atlantic.jpg",
"https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/5fe1923c231cf252d3661d62/5fef9d4b47d282306b029f68_LosAngelesTimes.jpg",
"https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/5fe1923c231cf252d3661d62/5fe23c28f8c105f2483b1ef5_nation-logo.gif",
"https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/5fe1923c231cf252d3661d62/5fe23c17a37efeceb3d2d717_smithsonian-logo.gif",
"https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/5fe1923c231cf252d3661d62/5fe1f394de1a604c7491f655_ShockingParis-medium.jpg",
"https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/5fe1923c231cf252d3661d62/5fe1f538820e83423c0c03ed_PeaceCorps-cover-medium.jpg",
"https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/5fe1923c231cf252d3661d62/5fe1f611572338481b5a63cd_KofiAnnan-cover-large.jpg",
"https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/5fe1923c231cf252d3661d62/5fe1f4d15dab5b22e20bb079_un-ahistory-medium.jpg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Stanley Meisler"
] | null |
We travel to Africa with Kofi Annan, broker of the unanimous U.N. resolution to allow weapons inspectors back into Iraq. The trip would take Kofi Annan, the Secretary-General of the United Nations and a Nobel Peace laureate, first to Vienna for a meeting with Iraqi officials and then to Africa, where he would visit four nations in eight days to continue his particular brand of relentless yet soft-spoken diplomacy. Annan, 64, has been with the U.N. for 40 years, but unlike many career bureaucrats, he doesnât shrink from trouble and is said to grow calmer as a crisis mounts. He has represented the world body in international and civil conflicts in Iraq, Bosnia and Herzegovina, East Timor and other hot zones, and he oversaw the U.N.âs 70,000 peacekeeping troops and civilian workers from 1993 to 1996. The next year he became the seventh Secretary-General - the first to rise through the U.N. ranks and the first black âdiplomat in chiefâ...
|
https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/5fe1923c231cf2d5c3661d4e/5fe197e06b541ddb262eda4c_favicon.ico
| null |
We travel to Africa with Kofi Annan, broker of the unanimous U.N. resolution to allow weapons inspectors back into Iraq
The trip would take Kofi Annan, the Secretary-General of the United Nations and a Nobel Peace laureate, first to Vienna for a meeting with Iraqi officials and then to Africa, where he would visit four nations in eight days to continue his particular brand of relentless yet soft-spoken diplomacy. Annan, 64, has been with the U.N. for 40 years, but unlike many career bureaucrats, he doesnât shrink from trouble and is said to grow calmer as a crisis mounts. He has represented the world body in international and civil conflicts in Iraq, Bosnia and Herzegovina, East Timor and other hot zones, and he oversaw the U.N.âs 70,000 peacekeeping troops and civilian workers from 1993 to 1996. The next year he became the seventh Secretary-General - the first to rise through the U.N. ranks and the first black âdiplomat in chief.â
After the terrorist attacks in New York City, Washington, D.C. and Pennsylvania on September 11, 2001, about which he said âwe have entered the third millennium through a gate of fire,â it seemed especially important to observe Annan in action. So one day this past July, I found myself sitting on a chartered Boeing 737 at New Yorkâs Kennedy Airport with the Secretary-Generalâs entourage when Annan walked up to me shortly before take-off. He touched my shoulder and, alluding to the days I covered the U.N. for the Los Angeles Times (for five years in the 1990s), gave me a warm greeting. âItâs good to see the old warrior back,â he said.
He has a soft voice and speaks English with a British-African lilt. He was born into a prominent family in Kumasi, Ghana, a British colony from 1874 to 1957, where his father, Henry Annan, managed a Lever Brothers subsidiary that exported cocoa before working for the British as governor of Ashanti Province. Kofiâs mother, Victoria, was a homemaker. His twin sister, Efua, died in 1991. Young Kofi (the name means Friday, the day he was born) started college in his home city but won a Ford Foundation grant and finished at Macalester College in St. Paul, Minnesota, receiving an economics degree in 1961. He went on to graduate studies in economics at the Institut Universitaire de Hautes Ãtudes in Geneva and, a decade later, earned a masterâs degree in management at MIT. Tellingly, his most advanced academic training is in getting things done.
It was after attending school in Geneva that he went to work for the U.N., as a low-ranking World Health Organization functionary. Except for an unhappy interlude running the Ghana tourism bureau from 1974 to 1976 - where he said he âcouldnât move the system, there was too much red tape, too many roadblocksâ - he would spend his entire career with the U.N., taking posts in Geneva, Addis Ababa, Ismailia and New York.
Annanâs colleagues trace his climb to the top of the vast U.N. bureaucracy, comprising some 15,000 employees, in large part to his efficiency, evenhandedness and dignity. âIt is difficult to imagine how straightforward he is,â says Lamin J. Sise, a Gambian who has worked with Annan for a decade. âHis style is very open, very inclusive. And he is that way with everyone, whether you are a king or a queen or a man in the street.â Annan was Under-Secretary General for Peacekeeping when the U.N.âs police role was growing fast; though initially expected to handle only administrative and budget matters, he ended up running field operations and making policy. Turns out he was good at it and earned the admiration of diplomats and the U.N. elite alike.
Annanâs approach as Secretary-General differs from that of his predecessors. Heâs a world apart from Kurt Waldheim, of course, the Austrian known to some reporters as âthe Headwaiterâ because he was so obsequious to the United States and the Soviet Union; Waldheim ultimately brought disgrace to the U.N. office when it was revealed that he had been a Nazi Students League member and served in a German Army unit that arrested thousands of Jews and sent them to Auschwitz. Temperamentally, Annan is a mirror image of his predecessor, Boutros Boutros-Ghali, an Egyptian intellectual who struck some observers as arrogant and alienated some diplomats, particularly U.S. Ambassador Madeleine K. Albright. In Annanâs view of the U.N.âs overarching moral authority, he is perhaps closest to Dag Hammarskjöld, the Swedish political economist, diplomat and mystic poet who was awarded a posthumous Nobel Peace Prize in 1961 after trying to negotiate an end to civil war in the Congo and dying in a plane crash in Central Africa. Annan was then about to begin his U.N. career, as he pointed out in his 2001 Nobel address, in which he said Hammarskjöld and fellow Peace laureate, South African anti-apartheid activist Albert Luthuli, âset a standard that I have sought to follow throughout my working life.â
Swedish statesmanship is something of a theme in Annanâs life. Heâs married to Nane Cronstedt, a Swedish artist, lawyer and social activist - and a niece of Raoul Wallenberg, the heroic Swedish diplomat who saved thousands of Jews from the Nazis at the end of World War II. Annan and Cronstedt met in 1981 when both worked in Geneva for the U.N. High Commissioner for Refugees. They married in New York three years later. He has two grown children from a previous marriage, and she has one. In addition to painting and sculpting, she works on behalf of AIDS education and other U.N. causes and has written a book about her experiences accompanying Annan on official visits. The couple, who live in the official Secretary-General residence in Manhattan, blaze through the cityâs highest circles, counting Mayor Michael Bloomberg among their friends. Annan is the âsocial star of New York society,â William H. Luers, the former president of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, told the New York Times. Annan said he accepts social invitations and attends functions during the week (the couple reserve weekends for themselves) because the city is so vibrant that âon any subject - you name it - youâll find someone to discuss it with.â Others divine a deeper motive, speculating that Annan recognizes the value, as few other U.N. leaders have, of mixing with important people outside politics. A clue to his effectiveness as a diplomat appears in a Times photograph of him at a Manhattan soiree with Microsoft CEO Bill Gates: Annan is doing the listening.
Annan, who is also fluent in French and a few African languages, parries as well as any diplomat, but he isnât glib. He seems completely at ease with himself, and is often more candid than one might expect. He once told a French interviewer that he had trouble recruiting African troops to serve on U.N. peacekeeping forces because some African leaders âprobably need their armies to intimidate their own populations.â And heâs egalitarian in his approach to on-the-job training. He told me he likes to meet with former leaders - to learn from their mistakes.
Nothing has tested Annanâs skill and resolve, nor tried the patience of U.S. leaders, more than his negotiations with Iraq. In 1998, Annan flew to Baghdad to negotiate an agreement with Saddam Hussein to allow U.N. inspectors to go anywhere in the nation. âSaddam is very calm and polite,â Annan told British author and journalist William Shawcross at the time. âHe looks like somebodyâs uncle. But if you mistake his calmness and soft-spokenness for weakness, youâre in trouble.â In that conversation, Annan invoked a comment famously made by his wifeâs uncle, Wallenberg: âTo do good, you sometimes have to deal with the devil.â After the Iraqis signed the agreement, the United States suspended plans to bomb Iraq, and Annan was hailed as a hero. But Hussein soon reneged on the deal, and U.S. and British forces bombed military and suspected secret armament sites throughout Iraq for four days.
Annan had been duped by the Iraqi leader and made to seem weak before the whole world. Senator Trent Lott, the Mississippi Republican, accused him of âappeasement.â Despite setbacks, Annan keeps trying. âIn the kind of work I do,â he told me, âwhenever you have the opportunity to try to help avoid a conflict, even if you can save only one life, it is worth it. To try, and then to fail, is not something I consider a discredit.â
Then, at the first stop on Julyâs trip, Annan pressed his case yet again, at U.N. offices in Vienna, where he held closed formal talks with Iraqi Foreign Minister Naji Sabri. Iraq had barred U.N.-sponsored weapons inspectors for four years. Sabri kept listing onerous conditions for the return of inspectors, but Annan said he would not meet with the foreign minister again until Iraq allowed unconditional inspections of its weapons facilities. The talks ended without an agreement after two days.
Annan, like the Bush administration, was seeking to eliminate Saddam Husseinâs weapons of mass destruction. But Annan hoped he could achieve the goal peacefully - or, failing that, by multilateral military action backed by U.N. approval, not unilateral U.S. intervention. The position inflamed conservatives who believed Annan was undermining U.S. interests. A Los Angeles Times cartoonist depicted Annan as Neville Chamberlain, the British prime minister who tried to appease Hitler on the eve of World War II.
Vindication finally came this past November, when the U.N. Security Council, the 15-member body that sets U.N. policy, approved a United States-sponsored resolution demanding that Iraq accept weapons inspectors or face a possible invasion. Annan personally ensured the unanimous vote - he wanted Iraq to see a world united - by lobbying Syriaâs President Bashar al-Assad, the last holdout. At a White House meeting with Annan, President Bush thanked him for rousing the U.N. to action. At a dinner in Washington honoring Annan, CNN founder (and United Nations benefactor) Ted Turner said: âHe has the toughest job in the world and everybody loves him. He doesnât make anybody mad at him, not even Saddam Hussein.â
The Middle East may preoccupy him these days, but Africa still defines him. âI feel very African,â Annan says. âMy roots are deeply, deeply African.â
We stopped for fuel in Libreville, the capital of Gabon. Receiving the group at the airport, Prime Minister Jean-François Ntoutoume-Emane led us past an honor guard of female soldiers in royal blue kepis and gold-trimmed capes. At a reception in a terminal, U.N. workers gathered around Annan to tell of a pressing humanitarian problem. Gabon is a rich nation, thanks to hardwood forests and oil reserves. Parents in Cameroon, Nigeria and other nations, seeking a better life for their children, arrange for them to be smuggled across the border. Some 15,000 to 20,000 foreign children are in Libreville illegally. Many roam the streets begging. The U.N. and private humanitarian groups are trying to return them to their homelands, but Gabon levies a fee on each exiting child. Annan urged advocates to lobby the government to abolish the fees.
Aboard the plane after it left Libreville, Annan, relaxing in a bright red sweater, consented to a lengthy interview. In the old days, if a journalistâs question promised to stir controversy, he would smile and his eyes would glint as he contemplated the trouble that would likely engulf him if he replied without inhibition. Then he would barge ahead and answer anyway. He laughed when I recalled that tendency. But as Secretary-General, he could no longer speak so frankly. âWords are powerful,â he said. âThey consume. They can inflame. They can complicate. So given the situations I often deal with, I cannot always speak my mind as I like.â
Still, he showed flashes of the old candor. Recalling his years of work on behalf of human rights and economic growth in African nations, he criticized local leadersâ failures to follow through. âSometimes Iâm appalled by the posturing and lack of realism that goes on,â he says. The crawling pace of progress has angered him. âThere are times when I became frustrated and exasperated. If you take my own country, Ghana, it became independent about the same time as Malaysia. I think about the time of independence, we had about the same amount of reserves at the Central Bank. And yet look at the difference - where Malaysia is today and where we are.â Malaysiaâs gross domestic product is $10,300 per capita, while that of Ghana is $1,900. In fact, if Ghana had had a healthier economy back at the time Annan got out of college, he once said, he probably would have stayed there and worked for a big corporation, perhaps entering politics in his later years.
Thus the world would have been deprived of a diplomat whose gifts for bettering his fellow manâs lot, by many accounts, were apparent even in his childhood. After he led a hunger strike at his boarding school - the Mfantsipim Secondary School in Cape Coast - to protest the food, the British headmaster capitulated and improved the cooking. Akipataki O. Akiwumi-Thompson, a Ghanaian businessman and a classmate at Mfantsipim, recalls Annanâs diplomatic skills. Though seniors had the right to punish lowerclassmen for infractions like disrupting study hall or sporting dirty fingernails, Annan âhad his way of talking to the seniors without antagonizing them,â says Akiwumi-Thompson. âHe could calm them down and persuade them not to punish him.â The pair broke the rules on many Saturdays, he recalled, by visiting the nearest girlsâ school, which they reached by pedaling their bicycles 20 miles. For that infraction, Annanâs powers of persuasion were not needed. âWe were never caught,â says Akiwumi-Thompson.
Ghana is a long way from Minnesota, and Annan learned a thing or two about adapting to a foreign culture his first winter at Macalester College in 1959. Seeing the earmuffs that locals wore, he couldnât bring himself to put on such unsightly headgear - until the windchill plummeted to 35 degrees below zero and his ears stung. He ran out and bought the biggest earmuffs he could find. âThe lesson,â he recalls telling students at a Macalester commencement ceremony a few years ago, âis never think you know more than the natives do.â His time there wasnât entirely humbling. He won an oratory championship with a speech about Americaâs responsibility toward the newly developing nations of the world. His debate coach, communications professor Roger K. Mosvick, recalls being dazzled by Annanâs âwonderful, powerful Ghanaian Oxford-like accent.â And on the track team, he set a school record in the 60-yard dash that stood for a dozen years.
Annan, who is descended from chiefs of the Fante ethnic group in both his fatherâs and motherâs families, has occasionally said that he plans to return to Ghana when he retires. A decade ago, tribal elders, following the death of a paramount chief - the highest tribal post - asked if he would be interested in taking over the honored role. He declined.
A key step in Annanâs U.N. rise was engineered by the United States. In 1993, when Marrack Goulding, then Annanâs boss at the peacekeeping department, balked at the Clinton administrationâs plan to replace U.S. Marines in Cambodia with a U.N. peacekeeping force, the Americans pressured Boutros-Ghali to replace Goulding with Annan because they viewed him as âmore flexible.â Boutros-Ghali did so.
It was a tumultuous time to lead the blue-helmeted forces that world citizens had increasingly come to rely on to patrol cease-fire lines, protect humanitarian convoys and stem violent conflict. When ethnic carnage persisted in Bosnia, and U.N. peacekeepers were too few to prevent massacres in Rwanda, the brunt of the blame went to Boutros-Ghali and the U.N. generally, not Annan. U.N. Under-Secretary-General Shashi Tharoor, of India, who worked for Annan at the time, says Annan wasnât tarnished by the peacekeeping failures because âan awful lot of people saw him as someone doing the best job he could in impossible circumstances, and doing it in a way that was completely transparent.â
The United States again intervened on Annanâs behalf, in 1996. By then, relations between Boutros-Ghali and Albright had become so strained that the American ambassador vetoed his bid for reelection, though the 14 other Security Council members voted for him. Two things favored Annanâs ascension: his popularity among diplomats and staff, and his African birth. Boutros-Ghali had been elected Secretary-General after African delegates insisted it was Africaâs turn to fill the job. Now, five years later, Security Council members agreed to name another African to succeed Boutros-Ghali; Albright convinced the council it should be Annan. He was elected to a second term in 2001.
Not long after Annan made it to the top, questions surfaced about possible mistakes he had made during the Rwanda crisis. In response, he commissioned an independent probe of his actions and those of the U.N. generally. The commission, headed by former Swedish Prime Minister Ingvar Carlsson, concluded in December 1999 that Annan and his peacekeeping staff had failed to heed warnings of an impending massacre, and it also faulted the United States and other Security Council members for doing too little once the killings began. Annan said he accepted the reportâs findings, saying: âOn behalf of the United Nations, I acknowledge this failure and express my deep remorse.â
We arrived in Durban, an industrial city on the Indian Ocean coast of South Africa, for a summit meeting of the Organization of African Unity (OAU), a body whose direction Annan has helped shape by the force of his moral authority. South Africa is the continentâs main success story. Its transformation over the past decade from a racist, undemocratic, oppressive state to a multiethnic democracy dominated by an African majority has been remarkably smooth. The nation has enormous problems - poverty, AIDS, crime, stubborn pockets of racism - but the cruel, shameful products of apartheid have disappeared, from the âwhitesâ and ânon-whitesâ labels on benches to segregated taxis, from prisons for political dissidents to âpassâ laws restricting black Africansâ travels.
The gathering of the heads of 53 OAU delegations took place amid buoyant signs of goodwill, at least compared with my last visit in South Africa 35 years ago. This time, at the restaurant in my hotel I was served by white, black and South Asian waiters, and none seemed to pull rank on the others; a white officer led the military band that showed up at the conferenceâs festivities, but most of the musicians were black (except, inexplicably, for the tuba section, which was white).
The OAU, which was founded in 1963, was abolishing itself during four days of meetings and reconstituting as the African Union, patterned somewhat after the European Union. In 1997, during his first year as U.N. Secretary-General, Annan had appealed to leaders at an OAU summit in Harare, Zimbabwe, not to grant membership to anyone who came to power through the barrel of a gun. âThat was a bold speech,â Salim Ahmed Salim, the OAU Secretary-General, told him afterward. âYou are the only one who can make this speech and get out of here without being lynched.â
The OAU adopted Annanâs idea and drew up a charter for the African Union that prohibits membership to dictators who come to power through a coup or other unconstitutional means. The union will also have the authority to intervene in any country to halt war crimes, genocide and crimes against humanity. But, as Annan warned at the summitâs opening session, âLet us not imagine that, once proclaimed, our Union will become a reality without further effort.â
Behind closed doors, Annan met with a parade of leaders. Presidents Paul Kagame of Rwanda and Laurent Kabila of Congo came to discuss the causes of the bloody feuding between their nations. Annan did his best to defuse a confrontation between President Kumba Yala of Guinea-Bissau, wearing a suit and a red stocking cap, and President Yahya Jammeh of Gambia, wearing a gleaming white flowing robe and an Islamic skullcap. Their two countries are tiny; neither can boast a population of as much as 1.5 million. But Yala accused Jammeh of training dissidents in Gambia and sending them off to Guinea-Bissau to bring down the government - an accusation Jammeh denied.
Annan suggested to the Guinea-Bissau president that he accept Jammehâs offer to allow representatives of Guinea-Bissau into his country to investigate the claim. Annan also coaxed the two presidents to agree to sign a Memorandum of Understanding. The presidents hugged each other in front of press photographers outside the Secretary-Generalâs makeshift office at the convention center. But neither president showed up later for the signing. âAfrica is in trouble with these men in charge,â muttered an African official on Annanâs staff.
Also at the conference was Nelson Mandela, and when the 1993 Nobel Peace laureate stopped by to visit with Annan, Annan graciously called in the three journalists on the U.N. trip - Carola Hoyos of the Financial Times, Shawcross and me. Mandelaâs very presence commands special respect. He endured 28 years of imprisonment, inspired the struggle against apartheid, preached reconciliation upon his release, helped forge a democratic government, governed for five years, until 1999, as the first South African president ever elected by universal suffrage, and then, in a rare show of discretion, stepped down from power when his term ended.
My face must have been frozen in awe. Mandela, after chatting with Shawcross about his father, former British Attorney General Hartley Shawcross, now almost 101 years old, turned to me, smiled and said, âWhy do you look so aggressive?â Then he burst out laughing. I had no reply except to laugh with him. The journalists stepped out of the suite, leaving Mandela and Annan in conversation. âThere are only two people with great moral stature in the world today,â Shawcross said, pointing in their direction. âAnd both are Africans with gray hair.â
Sudan has been at civil war for most of its 47 years of independence, and Annan alighted in the capital of Khartoum to encourage what seemed like a promising peace process. The southern Sudanese, who are Christian and animist, have been in rebellion against a government historically dominated by northern Muslims. The war has ravaged the south and forced the northern-dominated government to spend fortunes on munitions. Peace talks involving the two sides, ongoing in Kenya, were moving toward some kind of solution. âFrom Ghana to the Sudan,â Annan said in a speech at the airport, âwe did not fight for independence to have starvation. Those of us who fought for independence, all of us, shouted one word, Freedom. Now there are many more people hungry than ever before. So where is our freedom? Is a hungry man free?â
For the first time on the trip, Annan betrayed annoyance. He was scheduled the next morning to tour a nearby war refugee camp that U.N. officials in Khartoum said was a showcase. âSo why am I going?â Annan asked pointedly. But it was too late to change itineraries, and the next morning we drove ten miles from Khartoum to the camp, our motorcade lifting swirls of sand in the desert heat.
The government-run camp was set up in 1988 to house southern Sudanese fleeing the war. The refugees, who wore Western-style shirts and trousers, looked markedly different from the northerners of Khartoum and Omdurman, who dress in turbans and loose white robes known as djellabas. The camp included a Roman Catholic church but no mosque. Chanting refugees carried signs that proclaimed in English, âStop War,â âWe need Development,â âNo for War, Yes for Peace.â Refugee leaders, representing different tribes, addressed the Secretary-General, calling for peace, invariably ending their orations with the slogan, âSawa Sawa.â That meant, we were told, something like âWe are all together.â
Annan toured a spotless medical clinic and visited a primary school in the refugee camp, conversing with the young girls there. At the church, he addressed refugees: âEverywhere I have gone, I have the sense that the people want peace. I think the leaders owe it to you, and you owe it to yourselves, and if we all work together and put the enmities of the past behind us, we should be able to bring peace to this land. Sawa Sawa.â Itâs hard to gauge what Annanâs presence in that remote outpost might accomplish, but he cannot resist preaching peace whenever he can.
Our last stop was Abuja, the new capital of Nigeria. It is a contrived city, like BrasÃlia in Brazil, with massive new buildings and wide boulevards. It lacks the confusing twisted streets and crowding and turmoil of Lagos, the former capital, a bustling port 300 miles to the southwest. (The northern-dominated government moved the capital north to Abuja in 1991.) The Secretary-Generalâs children, 34-year-old Ama Annan and 29-year-old Kojo Annan had traveled to Abuja to see him. (Annan and their Nigerian mother, Titi Alakija, divorced in the late 1970s.) Ama and Kojo live in Lagos, where they work in the shipping business. âLagos is very exciting,â Ama said. âI love it. There is nothing happening here,â she added, referring to Abuja.
The Secretary-General had gone to Nigeria to show support for the nascent democracy of Africaâs most populous country. At a breakfast for Annan put on by President Olusegun Obasanjo at the fortresslike official residence, the president sat at the end of a long marble table with a dozen members of his cabinet, the Secretary-General and his entourage. The breakfast menu was partly British, with scrambled eggs, sausages and baked beans, but mostly Nigerian, featuring akaras (savories made from black-eyed peas), ogi (a corn porridge), fried plantains, fried yams and beef stew. Annan once again spoke of the need for democracy in Africa. âIn Asia,â he said, âIndonesia collapsed because it did not have a democratic base. It was built on sand.â
At a news conference, a Nigerian reporter asked the Secretary-General if he would support Obasanjoâs bid for reelection in 2003. Annan laughed. âI donât travel around the world to cause excitement,â he said.
En route to New York, we stopped to refuel on the island of Santa Maria in the Portuguese Azores. In the airportâs small VIP lounge was a guest book filled with the signatures - and testimonials, some quite florid - of world leaders, including Fidel Castro. President Hugo Chavez of Venezuela, for instance, saluted the âwarm, sympathetic, marvelous, generous people of the Azores who shared an Iberian heritageâ with the Venezuelan people and signed his name in bold script, adding, âPresident of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.â
A Portuguese official urged the Secretary-General to leave his mark. In his understated way, he wrote âKofi Annanâ in a neat, clear hand, adorning his signature with nothing more than tiny letters: âU.N.â
CAPTIONS IN ORIGINAL SMITHSONIAN ARTICLE
Kofi Annan (in Sudan during a five-nation trip this past July) is "very open, very inclusive," says a United Nations colleague, "whether you are a king or queen or a man in the street."
Eskinder Debebe / UN Photo
Before Annan, the Secretaries-General since the U.N. was chartered in 1945 were Trygve Lie, Norway; Dag Harnmarskjöld, Sweden; U Thant, Burma; Kurt Waldheim, Austria; Javier Pérez de Cuéllar, Peru; and Boutros Boutros-Ghali, Eqypt.
Bettmann / Corbis; Hulton-Deutsch Collection / Corbis; Bettman / Corbis (2); Balaguer Alejandro / Corbis Sygma; Corbis; AFP / Corbis
"The U.N. stepped up to its responsibilities, and I want to thank you," President George W. Bush told Annan after the Security Council's November vote requiring Iraq to allow weapons inspections.
Pablo Martinez Monsivais / AP
At Macalester College in Minnesota, Annan studied economics, played soccer - and, in 1960, set a school record in the 60-yard dash.
UN / DPI Photo
Annan took his wife, Nane, and their children, Kojo Annan, Nina Cronstedt de Groot and Ame Annan, to Stockholm when he got the Nobel Prize in 2001.
Sergey Bermeniev / UN Photo
"My roots are deeply, deeply African," says Annan (with Nelson Mandela, 84, the former president of South Africa, in Durban last July).
Eskinder Debebe / UN Photo
Credited with energizing the U.N., Annan (at Yankee Stadium in 1999) has also voiced "remorse" for its failings.
Timothy A. Clary / AFP / Corbis
RECOMMENDED READING
see also: Kofi Annan: A Man of Peace in a World of War by Stanley Meisler
website: United Nations
United Nations: A History
Stanley Meisler
Atlantic Monthly Press, 1995
Secretary-General's address to the General Assembly
Fifty-Fourth Session: Fourth Plenary Meeting
Official Records of the General Assembly
A/54/PV.4 - 20 September 1999
Secretary-General's address to the General Assembly
Fifty-Seventh Session: Second Plenary Meeting
Official Records of the General Assembly
A/57/PV.2 - 12 September 2002
Hammarskjöld's Core Ideas Remain Valid in the New International Context, Secretary-General Explains in Memorial Lecture
UN Press Release
SG/SM/7941 - 6 September 2001
"We Can Love What We Are, Without Hating What - and Who - We Are Not," Secretary-General Says in Nobel Lecture
UN Press Release
SG/SM/8071 - 10 December 2001
Basic Facts About the United Nations 2000
Department of Public Information
United Nations, 2000
Deliver Us From Evil
William Shawcross
Simon & Schuster, 2000
The Five Virtues of Kofi Annan
Joshua Coper Ramo
Time - September 4, 2000
|
||||||
7733
|
dbpedia
|
0
| 30
|
https://www.gbcghanaonline.com/news/former-un-boss-kofi-annan-is-dead/2018/
|
en
|
Former UN Boss Kofi Annan Is dead
|
[
"https://i0.wp.com/www.gbcghanaonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/cropped-gbc_header-1.png?fit=512%2C512&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/www.akatanews.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/kofi-annan-moba-300x184.jpg?resize=800%2C490&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/www.akatanews.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/anna-and-wife-300x200.jpg?resize=800%2C533&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/www.gbcghanaonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Ethel.jpg?fit=300%2C200&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/www.gbcghanaonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Ethel.jpg?fit=300%2C200&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/www.gbcghanaonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/guru.jpg?fit=300%2C183&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/www.gbcghanaonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/sugarcane.jpg?fit=300%2C198&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/www.gbcghanaonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/FB_IMG_1723855535217.jpg?fit=300%2C206&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/www.gbcghanaonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/IMG-20240817-WA0116.jpg?fit=300%2C203&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/www.gbcghanaonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/NPP.jpeg?fit=300%2C214&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/www.gbcghanaonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/PNC.jpg?fit=300%2C167&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/www.gbcghanaonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Politics-NDC-Campaign-1-e1723899857944.jpg?fit=300%2C223&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/www.gbcghanaonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/FB_IMG_1723589978128-e1723899063475.jpg?fit=300%2C169&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/www.gbcghanaonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/IMG_4701-1-e1723898339903.jpg?fit=300%2C205&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/www.gbcghanaonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Richard-Ahiagbah.jpg?fit=300%2C200&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/www.gbcghanaonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/455957352_1036521708142618_2235922562244165467_n.jpg?fit=300%2C200&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/www.gbcghanaonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Ethel.jpg?fit=300%2C200&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/www.gbcghanaonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/guru.jpg?fit=300%2C183&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/www.gbcghanaonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/sugarcane.jpg?fit=300%2C198&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/www.gbcghanaonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/FB_IMG_1723855535217.jpg?fit=300%2C206&ssl=1",
"https://i0.wp.com/www.gbcghanaonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/cropped-cropped-gbc_header-1.png?fit=512%2C511&ssl=1"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Ruth Abla Adjorlolo"
] |
2018-08-18T09:23:04+00:00
|
A Former United Nations (UN) Secretary General, Kofi Annan is dead. He died at a hospital in Switzerland, Saturday morning at age 80.
|
en
|
GBC Ghana Online - The Nation\'s Broadcaster | Breaking News from Ghana, Business, Sports, Entertainment, Fashion and Video News
|
https://www.gbcghanaonline.com/news/former-un-boss-kofi-annan-is-dead/2018/
|
A Former United Nations (UN) Secretary General, Kofi Annan is dead. He died at a hospital in Switzerland, Saturday morning at age 80.
A close source in Switzerland who confirmed his death to gbcghanaonline’s Ruth Abla Adjorlolo said Kofi Annan died Saturday morning August 18, 2018, at a hospital in Switzerland, after short illness.
The Ghanaian diplomat served as the seventh Secretary-General of the United Nations from January 1997 to December 2006. Mr. Annan and the UN were the co-recipients of the 2001 Nobel Peace Prize.
He is the founder and chairman of the Kofi Annan Foundation, as well as chairman of The Elders, an international organization founded by Nelson Mandela.
Born in Kumasi April 8, 1938, Kofi Atta Annan attended the Mfantsipim Secondary school from 1954 to 1957.
He is a member of MOBA 1957 Year Group.
In 1958, Annan began studying economics at the Kumasi College of Science and Technology, now the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology of Ghana.
He received a Ford Foundation grant, enabling him to complete his undergraduate studies in economics at Macalester College in St. Paul, Minnesota, United States, in 1961. Annan then completed a diplôme d’études approfondies DEA degree in International Relations at The Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies in Geneva, Switzerland, from 1961–62.
After some years of work experience, he studied at the MIT Sloan School of Management from 1971 to 72.
Kofi Annan went on to study economics at Macalester College, International Relations from the Graduate Institute Geneva and management at MIT.
Annan joined the UN in 1962, working for the World Health Organization‘s Geneva office.
He went on to work in several capacities at the UN Headquarters including serving as the Under-Secretary-General for peacekeeping between March 1992 and December 1996.
Mr. Annan was appointed as the Secretary-General on 13 December 1996 by the Security Council, and later confirmed by the General Assembly, making him the first office holder to be elected from the UN staff itself.
He was re-elected for a second term in 2001, and was succeeded as Secretary-General by Ban Ki-moon on 1 January 2007.
As the Secretary-General, Annan reformed the UN bureaucracy; worked to combat HIV, especially in Africa; and launched the UN Global Compact.
He has been criticized for not expanding the Security Council and faced calls for resignation after an investigation into the Oil-for-Food Programme.
After leaving the UN, he founded the Kofi Annan Foundation in 2007 to work on international development.
In 2012, Annan was the UN–Arab League Joint Special Representative for Syria, to help find a resolution to the ongoing conflict there.
Annan quit after becoming frustrated with the UN’s lack of progress with regard to conflict resolution.
In September 2016, Annan was appointed to lead a UN commission to investigate the Rohingya crisis.
Kofi Annan left behind his spouse Nane Maria Annan and their children, Ama, Kojo and Nina who were by his side during his last days.
Portions of this article was culled from Wikipedia
|
|||||
7733
|
dbpedia
|
3
| 6
|
https://aaregistry.org/story/kofi-annan-diplomat-born/
|
en
|
Kofi Annan, Diplomat, and Administrator born
|
[
"https://aaregistry.org/wp-content/themes/aareg/images/logo-mark.jpg",
"https://aaregistry.org/wp-content/themes/aareg/images/logo-mark.jpg",
"https://aaregistry.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Kofi_Annan-239x300.jpg",
"https://aaregistry.org/wp-content/themes/aareg/images/storyDetail/poemsImage.png",
"https://aaregistry.org/wp-content/themes/aareg/images/envelopeImage.png",
"https://aaregistry.org/wp-content/themes/aareg/images/logoSmall.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] |
2020-04-14T14:52:34+00:00
|
*Kofi Annan was born on this date in 1938; he was a Black Ghanaian diplomat, foundation, and international administrator. Kofi Atta Annan was born in the Kofandros section of Kumasi on the Gold Coast (now Ghana). His twin sister Efua Atta, who died in 1991, shared the middle name Atta, which in the Akan means ‘twin’; his mother was Victoria Annan, and his father was Henry Reginald […]
|
en
|
https://aaregistry.org/wp-content/themes/aareg/images/favicon.ico
|
African American Registry
|
https://aaregistry.org/story/kofi-annan-diplomat-born/
|
*Kofi Annan was born on this date in 1938; he was a Black Ghanaian diplomat, foundation, and international administrator.
Kofi Atta Annan was born in the Kofandros section of Kumasi on the Gold Coast (now Ghana). His twin sister Efua Atta, who died in 1991, shared the middle name Atta, which in the Akan means 'twin'; his mother was Victoria Annan, and his father was Henry Reginald Annan. Annan was born into Ashanti and Fante aristocratic families; their grandfathers and uncle were tribal chiefs.
From 1954 to 1957, Annan attended the elite Mfantsipim school, a Methodist boarding school in Cape Coast founded in the 1870s. Annan said the school taught him "that suffering anywhere concerns people everywhere." In 1957, when Annan graduated from Mfantsipim, the Gold Coast gained independence from the UK and began using the name "Ghana." 1958, Annan began studying economics at the Kumasi College of Science and Technology, now the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology of Ghana.
He received a Ford Foundation grant, enabling him to complete his undergraduate studies in economics at Macalester College in St. Paul, Minnesota. In 1961. Annan then completed a diplôme d'études approfondies DEA degree in International Relations at The Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies in Geneva, Switzerland, from 1961–62. After years of work experience, he studied at the MIT Sloan School of Management (1971–72) in the Sloan Fellows program and earned a master's in management. Annan was fluent in English, French, Akan, some Kru languages, and other African languages. In 1962, Annan started working as a Budget Officer for the World Health Organization, an agency of the United Nations (UN).
In 1965, Annan married Titi Alakija; they divorced in 1983, and they had two children. In 1984, he married Nane Maria Annan, Gunnar Lagergren's daughter.
From 1974 to 1976, he worked as the Director of Tourism in Ghana. In 1980, he became the head of personnel for the UN High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR) office in Geneva. In 1983, he became the director of administrative management services at the UN Secretariat in New York. In the late 1980s, Annan was appointed Assistant Secretary-General of the UN in Human Resources, Management and Security Coordinator, Program Planning, Budget and Finance, and Controller and Peacekeeping Operations. When the UN Secretary-General established the Department of Peacekeeping Operations (DPKO) in 1992, Annan was appointed to the new department as Deputy to the then Under-Secretary-General, where he assumed the office of USG DPKO in March 1993.
He was head of peacekeeping during the battle of Somalia and the resulting collapse of the UNOSOM II peacekeeping mission and the Rwandan Genocide of 1994. In August 1995, while Boutros-Ghali was unreachable on an airplane, Annan instructed United Nations officials to "relinquish for a limited period of time their authority to veto air strikes in Bosnia." This move allowed NATO forces to conduct Operation Deliberate Force and made him a favorite of the United States. Annan served as Under-Secretary-General from March 1994 to October 1995. He was appointed a Special Representative of the Secretary-General to the former Yugoslavia, serving for five months before returning to his duties as Under-Secretary-General in April 1996.
In April 2001, Annan issued a five-point "Call to Action" to address the HIV/AIDS pandemic. Stating it was a "personal priority, Annan proposed establishing a Global AIDS and Health Fund, "dedicated to the battle against HIV/AIDS and other infectious diseases," to stimulate the increased international spending needed to help developing countries confront the HIV/AIDS crisis. For this effort, in 2001, He is awarded, along with the United Nations, the Nobel Peace Prize. In 2003, the retired Canadian General force commander of the United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda claimed that Annan was overly passive in his response to the imminent genocide.
In 2004, ten years after the genocide, an estimated 800,000 people were killed; Annan said, "I could and should have done more to sound the alarm and rally support." In his book Interventions: A Life in War and Peace, Annan again argued that DPKO could have made better use of the media to raise awareness of the violence in Rwanda and put pressure on governments to provide the troops necessary for an intervention. Annan explained that the events in Somalia and the collapse of the UNOSOM II mission fostered hesitation amongst UN Member states to approve robust peacekeeping operations. As a result, when the UNAMIR mission was approved just days after the battle, the resulting force lacked the troop levels, resources, and mandate to operate effectively. Kofi Annan died on August 18, 2018.
|
||||
7733
|
dbpedia
|
3
| 73
|
https://som.yale.edu/centers/international-center-for-finance/research-initiatives/future-global-finance/distinguished-panel-discussion
|
en
|
Distinguished Panel Discussion
|
[
"https://som.yale.edu/themes/custom/som/images/logos/yalesom_logo_stacked_dark-min.svg",
"https://som.yale.edu/themes/custom/som/images/logos/yalesom_logo_shield-min.svg",
"https://som.yale.edu/sites/default/files/styles/card_1344_/public/oembed_thumbnails/T3v824bORaArkYz4WWYMTCsPnd_-O0p2Wl5GFx9FEIo.jpg.webp?itok=faCa0gBe",
"https://som.yale.edu/sites/default/files/styles/card_1344_/public/oembed_thumbnails/T3v824bORaArkYz4WWYMTCsPnd_-O0p2Wl5GFx9FEIo.jpg.webp?itok=faCa0gBe",
"https://som.yale.edu/themes/custom/som/images/logos/yale_university_logo.svg",
"https://som.yale.edu/themes/custom/som/images/logos/gn_logo.svg",
"https://som.yale.edu/themes/custom/som/images/logos/ampersand_business_society.svg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] |
2023-03-01T10:01:37-05:00
|
en
|
/themes/custom/som/images/favicons/favicon.ico
|
https://som.yale.edu/centers/international-center-for-finance/research-initiatives/future-global-finance/distinguished-panel-discussion
|
This panel helped inaugurate the opening of the new campus for the Yale School of Management on January 10, 2014. The audience consisted of Yale students, faculty, alumni and donors, together with 24 schools around the world that constitute the Global Network of business schools established by Yale in 2012 and 2013.
Moderator
Jeffrey E. Garten
Juan Trippe Professor in the Practice of International Trade, Finance, and Business, Yale School of Management
Former U.S. Undersecretary of Commerce for International Trade
Panelists
Roger Altman
Founder and Executive Chairman, Evercore
Former Deputy Secretary of the U.S. Treasury
Sheila C. Bair
Senior Advisor, The Pew Charitable Trusts
Former Chairman of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
Gary Gensler
Former Chairman, Commodity Futures Trading Commission
Robert E. Rubin LAW '64
Co-Chairman, Council on Foreign Relations
Former Secretary of the U.S. Treasury
Paul A. Volcker
Former Chairman of the Federal Reserve
Robert B. Zoellick
Distinguished Visiting Fellow, Peterson Institute for International Economics
Former President of the World Bank Group
Will the world be able to build the low-carbon infrastructure that is so critical to ours and future generations? Will the billions of new entrants into the global middle class have access to the goods and services they will demand? Will countless men and women living in poverty have the opportunity to lift themselves out? Will there be enough jobs? Financial security for the aging population around the world? Fewer destructive financial crises that set back hundreds of millions of lives, sometimes irrevocably and forever? One way or another, these and many of the other biggest questions of our time are linked to the global financial system, its efficiency, its fairness and its stability.
The problem is that although this system, established after World War II, served the world reasonably well for 50 years, it is now under great strain. For the last few decades, it has proved to be crisis prone, each successive breakdown being deeper, more global, and more destructive than the last. The global financial system has now become so big, so interconnected, and so technically complex that experts disagree as to whether it is overregulated, underregulated, or regulated in a totally ineffective way—or some of each. The key banking institutions are increasingly short-term oriented in a world crying for longer-term investment. The U.S. and the dollar—lynchpins of the system—can no longer play the central role they once did. The international institutions reflect governance arrangements that stem from the 1950s; to maintain their political legitimacy and authority, they are in desperate need for more involvement and direction from emerging market nations.
All this raises the question of what should be done over the next decade or so to strengthen global finance. That is the subject of this distinguished panel, which will look at the big challenges facing the system and offer ideas for improving it.
Biographies
Jeffrey E. Garten
Juan Trippe Professor in the Practice of International Trade, Finance, and Business, Yale School of Management
Former U.S. Undersecretary of Commerce for International Trade
Jeffrey E. Garten is the Juan Trippe Professor in the Practice of International Trade, Finance, and Business and former dean (1996-2005.) Prior to coming to Yale he was undersecretary of commerce for international trade in the first Clinton Administration, and before that, a managing director of the Blackstone Group and Lehman Brothers. He is the author of several books on the global political economy, and from 1997-2008 he was a columnist for BusinessWeek.
TOP
Roger Altman
Founder and Executive Chairman, Evercore
Former Deputy Secretary of the U.S. Treasury
Roger Altman is Founder and Executive Chairman of Evercore, which has become the most active independent investment bank in the United States.
Mr. Altman began his investment banking career at Lehman Brothers and, in 1974, became a general partner of that firm. Beginning in 1977, he served as Assistant Secretary of the U.S. Treasury for four years. He then returned to Lehman Brothers, becoming co-head of investment banking. He remained in that position until the firm was sold to American Express.
In 1987, Mr. Altman joined The Blackstone Group as Vice Chairman, head of the firm’s advisory business and a member of its Investment Committee.
Beginning in January 1993, Mr. Altman returned to Washington to serve as Deputy Secretary of the U.S. Treasury for two years. In 1996, he formed Evercore Partners.
Mr. Altman is a Trustee of New York-Presbyterian Hospital, serving on its Investment Committee, and is Vice Chairman of The Board of The American Museum of Natural History. He also serves as Chairman of New Visions for Public Schools. He is a member of The Council on Foreign Relations and a Director of Conservation International. He received an A.B. from Georgetown University and an M.B.A. from the University of Chicago.
TOP
Sheila C. Bair
Senior Advisor, The Pew Charitable Trusts
Former Chairman of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
Sheila C. Bair served as Chairman of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation during one of the nation’s most turbulent economic eras in history. With the collapse and upheaval of U.S. and global markets as well as venerable financial institutions, Chairman Bair worked diligently both in front of and behind the scenes to bolster public confidence and financial system stability. Her extraordinary efforts and relentless dedication established her as an ardent advocate and innovator of policies to end the doctrine of too-big-to-fail and taxpayer bailouts.
Chairman Bair has been lauded for her fierce advocacy of the public interest in articles and editorials in the New York Times, the Wall Street Journal, the Guardian, Financial Times, and the New Yorker. As Time Magazine aptly stated in selecting her as one of its 100 most influential people, she has served as “the little guy’s protector in chief.” Additionally, Chairman Bair has received numerous honors and accolades for her pioneering work including the John F. Kennedy Profile in Courage Award and twice being named by Forbes Magazine as the second most powerful woman in the world after Germany’s Angela Merkel.
TOP
Gary Gensler
Former Chairman
Commodity Futures Trading Commission
Gary Gensler was sworn in as the Chairman of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission on May 26, 2009. Chairman Gensler previously served at the U.S. Department of the Treasury as Under Secretary of Domestic Finance (1999-2001) and as Assistant Secretary of Financial Markets (1997-1999). He subsequently served as a Senior Advisor to the Chairman of the U.S. Senate Banking Committee, Senator Paul Sarbanes, on the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, reforming corporate responsibility, accounting and securities laws.
As Under Secretary of the Treasury, Chairman Gensler was the principal advisor to Treasury Secretary Robert Rubin and later to Secretary Lawrence Summers on all aspects of domestic finance. The office was responsible for formulating policy and legislation in the areas of U.S. financial markets, public debt management, the banking system, financial services, fiscal affairs, federal lending, Government Sponsored Enterprises, and community development. In recognition of this service, he was awarded Treasury’s highest honor, the Alexander Hamilton Award.
Prior to joining Treasury, Chairman Gensler worked for 18 years at Goldman Sachs, where he was selected as a partner; in his last role he was Co-head of Finance.
Chairman Gensler is the co-author of a book, The Great Mutual Fund Trap, which presents common sense investment advice for middle income Americans.
He is a summa cum laude graduate from the University of Pennsylvania’s Wharton School in 1978, with a Bachelor of Science in Economics and received a Master of Business Administration from the Wharton School’s graduate division in 1979. He lives with his three daughters outside of Baltimore, Maryland.
TOP
Robert E. Rubin LAW '64
Co-Chairman, Council on Foreign Relations
Former Secretary of the U.S. Treasury
Robert E. Rubin served as our nation’s 70th Secretary of the Treasury from January 10, 1995 until July 2, 1999. He joined the Clinton Administration in 1993, serving in the White House as Assistant to the President for Economic Policy and as the first Director of the National Economic Council. He joined Goldman, Sachs & Company in 1966 and served as Co-Chairman from 1990 to 1992. From 1999 to 2009, Mr. Rubin served as a member of the Board of Directors at Citigroup and as a senior advisor to the company. In 2010, he joined Centerview Partners as counselor of the firm. He is Chairman of the Board of the Local Initiatives Support Corporation (LISC), the nation’s leading community development support organization. He serves on the Board of Trustees of Mount Sinai Medical Center and is a member of the Harvard Corporation. In June 2007, he was named Co-Chairman of the Council on Foreign Relations.
In 2005, Mr. Rubin was one of the founders of The Hamilton Project, an economic policy project housed at the Brookings Institution that offers a strategic vision and innovative policy proposals on how to create a growing economy that benefits more Americans. He is author of In An Uncertain World: Tough Choices from Wall Street to Washington [Random House, 2003, with Jacob Weisberg], a New York Times bestseller and one of Business Week's ten best business books of the year.
Mr. Rubin graduated summa cum laude from Harvard College in 1960 with an A.B. in economics. He received a L.L.B. from Yale Law School in 1964 and attended the London School of Economics. He has received honorary degrees from Harvard, Yale, Columbia and other universities.
TOP
Paul A. Volcker
Former Chairman of the Federal Reserve
In the course of his career, Mr. Volcker worked in the United States Federal Government for almost 30 years, culminating in two terms as Chairman of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System from 1979-1987, a critical period in bringing a high level of inflation to an end. In earlier stages of his career, Mr. Volcker served as Undersecretary of the Treasury for Monetary Affairs during the early 1970’s, a period of historic change in international monetary arrangements. He was subsequently President of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, and in earlier years was an official of The Chase Manhattan Bank.
Mr. Volcker retired as Chairman of Wolfensohn & Co. upon the merger of that firm with Bankers Trust. From 1996-1999, Mr. Volcker headed The Independent Committee of Eminent Persons, formed by Swiss and Jewish organizations to investigate deposit accounts and other assets in Swiss banks of victims of Nazi persecution and to arrange for their disposition. From 2000 – 2005 Mr. Volcker served as Chairman of the Board of Trustees of the newly formed International Accounting Standards Committee overseeing a renewed effort to develop consistent, high-quality accounting standards acceptable in all countries. Upon leaving public service in 1987, and again in 2003, he headed private, non-partisan Commissions on the Public Service, each recommending a sweeping overhaul of the organization and personnel practices of the United States Federal Government.
In 2004, Mr. Volcker was asked by UN Secretary General Kofi Annan to chair the Independent Inquiry into the United Nations Oil-for-Food Program, resulting in identification of substantial corruption and malfeasance. In 2007, Mr. Volcker was asked by the President of the World Bank to chair a panel of experts to review the operations of the Department of Institutional Integrity. That effort has culminated in broad reform of the Bank’s anti-corruption effort. In November 2008, President Elect Obama chose Mr. Volcker to head the President’s Economic Recovery Advisory Board which ended in Feb. 2011.
In 2013, Mr. Volcker launched the Volcker Alliance to address the challenge of effective execution of public policies and to help rebuild trust in government. As a nonpartisan, non-profit organization based in New York City, the Volcker Alliance aims to catalyze new thinking and action with respect to federal, state, and local government in the U.S. and abroad.
Educated at Princeton, Harvard and the London School of Economics, Mr. Volcker is a recipient of honorary doctorates from each of his “alma maters”, as well as a number of other American and foreign universities.
TOP
Robert B. Zoellick
Distinguished Visiting Fellow, Peterson Institute for International Economics
Former President of the World Bank Group
Robert B. Zoellick is a Senior Fellow at the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs at Harvard University’s Kennedy School of Government, and Distinguished Visiting Fellow at the Peterson Institute for International Economics. Zoellick was the president of the World Bank Group from 2007-12. He served in President George W. Bush's cabinet as U.S. Trade Representative from 2001 to 2005 and as Deputy Secretary of State from 2005 to 2006. From 1985 to 1993, Zoellick worked at the Treasury and State departments in various capacities, as well as briefly in the White House as Deputy Chief of Staff. In 2006 and 2007, he served as Vice Chairman, International of Goldman Sachs Group. Zoellick holds a J.D. magna cum laude from Harvard Law School, a master's degree in public policy from Harvard's Kennedy School of Government, and a bachelor's degree from Swarthmore College.
|
||||||
7733
|
dbpedia
|
0
| 26
|
https://wikigame.di.unito.it/wpcd/wp/k/Kofi_Annan.htm
|
en
|
Kofi Annan
|
[
"https://wikigame.di.unito.it/wpcd/images/77/7710.jpg",
"https://wikigame.di.unito.it/wpcd/images/77/7711.jpg",
"https://wikigame.di.unito.it/wpcd/images/0/1.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
"Kofi Annan",
"1938",
"1996",
"1997",
"1998",
"1999",
"2000",
"2001",
"2002",
"2003",
"2003 invasion of Iraq"
] | null |
[] | null |
en
|
../../favicon.ico
| null |
2007 Schools Wikipedia Selection. Related subjects: Political People
Kofi Atta Annan
7th Secretary-General of the United Nations
In office
January 1, 1997 – December 31, 2006 Preceded by Boutros Boutros-Ghali Succeeded by Ban Ki-moon Born April 8, 1938
Kumasi, Ghana Spouse Titi Alakija (div.)
Nane Maria Annan
Kofi Atta Annan (born April 8, 1938) is a Ghanaian diplomat and the seventh Secretary-General of the United Nations.
Early years and family
Kofi Annan ( IPA: /kofi ænən/) was born to Victoria and Henry Reginald Annan in the Kofandros section of Kumasi, Ghana. He is a twin, an occurrence that is regarded as special in Ghanaian culture. His twin sister Efua Atta, who died in 1991, shares the middle name 'Atta', which in Fante means 'twin'. As with most Akan names, his first name indicates the day of the week he was born: Kofi denotes a boy born on a Friday. The name Annan can indicate that a child was the fourth in the family, but in Kofi's family at some time in the past it became a family name, and Kofi inherited it from his parents. Annan's surname is frequently mispronounced as /ə nonˈ/ or /a nonˈ/. In an interview on National Public Radio, shortly after taking office as U.N. Secretary General, he was asked how to say his name, and explained that the correct pronunciation rhymes with "cannon"; thus, /ænən/.
Annan's family was part of the country's elite; both of his grandfathers and his uncle were tribal chiefs. His father was half Asante and half Fante; his mother was Fante. Annan's father worked for a long period as an export manager for the Lever Brothers cocoa company.
Annan is married to Nane Maria Annan, a Swedish lawyer and artist who is the half-niece of Raoul Wallenberg. He has two children, Kojo and Ama, from his previous marriage to Nigerian Titi Alakija. He and Alakija divorced in the late 1970s. Nane Annan also has one child, Nina Cronstedt de Groot, from a previous marriage.
Education
From 1954 to 1957, Annan attended the elite Mfantsipim school, a Methodist boarding school in Cape Coast founded in the 1870s. Annan has said that the school taught him "that suffering anywhere concerns people everywhere". In 1957, the year Annan graduated from Mfantsipim, Ghana became the first British colony in Sub-Saharan Africa to gain independence.
In 1958, Annan began studying for a degree in economics at the Kumasi College of Science and Technology, now the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology of Ghana. He received a Ford Foundation grant, enabling him to complete his undergraduate studies at Macalester College in St. Paul, Minnesota, United States, in 1961. Annan then studied at the Graduate Institute of International Studies (Institut universitaire des hautes études internationales IUHEI) in Geneva, Switzerland, from 1961–62, later attending the MIT Sloan School of Management (1971–72) Sloan Fellows programme and receiving a Master of Science (M.S.) degree from the MIT Sloan School of Management.
Annan is fluent in English, French, Kru, other dialects of Akan, and other African languages.
Early career
In 1962, Annan started working as a Budget Officer for the World Health Organization, an agency of the United Nations. From 1974 to 1976, Annan worked as the Director of Tourism in Ghana.
Following that, he returned to work for the United Nations as an Assistant Secretary-General in three consecutive positions: Human Resources Management and Security Coordinator from 1987 to 1990, Programme Planning, Budget and Finance, and Controller from 1990 to 1992, and Peacekeeping Operations from March 1993 to February 1994.
In his book Shake Hands with the Devil: The Failure of Humanity in Rwanda, ex-General Roméo Dallaire who was force commander of the UNAMIR claims that Annan has been overly passive in his response to the 1994 Tutsi genocide in Rwanda. Gen. Dallaire explicitly stated that the then Undersecretary-General for Peacekeeping Operations held back UN troops from intervening to settle the conflict and from providing more logistic and material support. For example, he claimed that Annan failed to provide any responses to Dallaire's repeated faxes asking him for access to a weapons depository, something that could have helped defend the Tutsis. Dallaire concedes however that Annan was a man whom he found extremely "committed" to the founding principles of the United Nations.
Annan was then an Under-Secretary-General until October 1995, when he was made a Special Representative of the Secretary-General to the former Yugoslavia, serving for five months in this capacity and returning to his duties as Under-Secretary-General in April 1996.
Secretary-General of the United Nations
On December 13, 1996, Annan was selected by the United Nations Security Council to be Secretary-General, and was confirmed four days later by vote of the General Assembly. Annan took the oath of office without delay, starting his first term as Secretary-General on January 1, 1997. Annan replaced outgoing Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali of Egypt, becoming the first person from a black African nation to serve as Secretary-General.
Annan's tenure as Secretary-General was renewed on January 1, 2002, in an unusual deviation from informal policy. The office usually rotates among the continents, with two terms each; since Annan's predecessor Boutros-Ghali was also an African, Annan normally would have served only one term, indicating Annan's unusual popularity.
Mark Malloch Brown succeeded Louise Frechette as Annan's Deputy Secretary-General in April 2006.
In April 2001, the Secretary-General issued a five-point "Call to Action" to address the HIV/AIDS pandemic. Annan sees this pandemic as his "personal priority" as Secretary-General and in life in general. He proposed the establishment of a Global AIDS and Health Fund to stimulate increased spending needed to help developing countries confront the HIV/AIDS crisis.
On December 10, 2001, Annan and the United Nations were jointly awarded the Nobel Peace Prize, "for their work for a better organized and more peaceful world".
During the buildup to the 2003 invasion of Iraq, Annan called on the United States and the United Kingdom not to invade without the support of the United Nations. In a September 2004 interview on the BBC, Annan was asked about the legal authority for the invasion, and responded, "from our point of view and from the Charter point of view it was illegal."
Annan supports sending a UN peacekeeping mission to Darfur, Sudan, and is working with the government of Sudan to accept a transfer of power from the African Union peacekeeping mission to a UN one. Annan is also working with several Arab and Muslim countries on women's rights and other topics.
Since 1998, Annan has convened an annual UN Security Council Retreat with 15 States representatives of the Council at the Rockefeller Brothers Fund (RBF) Conference Centre at the Rockefeller family estate at Pocantico (see Kykuit), which is sponsored by both the RBF and the UN. . He is also a strong supporter and guest of the family's Asia Society in New York.
On September 19, 2006, Annan gave a farewell address in anticipation of his retirement on December 31. In the speech he outlined three major problems of "an unjust world economy, world disorder, and widespread contempt for human rights and the rule of law" which he believes "have not resolved, but sharpened" during his time as Secretary-General. He also pointed to violence in Africa, and the Arab-Israeli conflict as two major issues warranting attention.
UN controversies during Annan's tenure
Lubbers sexual harassment investigation
In June 2004, Annan was given a copy of the Office of Internal Oversight Services (OIOS) report on the complaint of sexual harassment, abuse of authority, and retaliation against Ruud Lubbers, UN High Commissioner for Refugees, and sexual harassment and misconduct as well against Werner Blatter, Director of UNHCR Personnel by a long-serving staff member. The investigation report found Ruud Lubbers guilty of sexual harassment and no mention was made publicly of the other charge against a senior official or the two subsequent complaints she filed later that year. In the course of the official investigation, Lubbers wrote a letter that some speculate was a threat to the female worker who had brought the charges of misconduct. However, on July 15, 2004, Lubbers was declared innocent by Kofi Annan. His decision only lasted until November when OIOS issued its annual report to the UN General Assembly noting it has found Lubbers guilty. Widely reported in the media, these events served to weaken Annan's position.
On November 17, 2004, Annan accepted a report clearing UN Under-Secretary-General for Internal Oversight Services Dileep Nair of graft and sexual harassment charges, some viewed as retaliation against Nair for supporting the complainant in the Lubbers affair. Still, clearance was not viewed favorably by some UN staff in New York, leading to extensive debate on November 19.
Administration of the Oil-for-Food Programme
In December 2004, reports surfaced that the Secretary-General's son Kojo received payments from the Swiss company Cotecna Inspection SA, which won a lucrative contract under the UN Oil-for-Food Programme. Kofi Annan called for an investigation into this matter.
The Independent Inquiry Committee into The United Nations Oil-for-Food Programme was appointed by Annan and led by former US Federal Reserve Chairman Paul Volcker, in spite of the latter's strong ideological ties to the UN as director of the United Nations Association of the United States of America. In his first interview with the Inquiry Committee, Annan denied having had a meeting with Cotecna. Later in the inquiry he recalled that he had met with Cotecna's chief executive Elie-Georges Massey twice. In a final report issued on October 27, the committee exonerated Kofi Annan of any illegal actions, but found fault with the UN management structure and the Security Council oversight. It strongly recommended a new position of Chief Operating Officer to handle the fiscal and administrative responsibilities which currently fall to the Secretary General's office. The report listed the companies, both Western and Middle Eastern, who illegally benefited from the programme. Some believe the committee and its outcome to have been politically motivated.
Conflict between the United States and the United Nations
Kofi Annan supported his deputy Secretary-General Mark Malloch Brown, who openly criticized the United States media in a speech on June 6, 2006: 'The prevailing practice of seeking to use the U.N. almost by stealth as a diplomatic tool while failing to stand up for it against its domestic critics is simply not sustainable...You will lose the U.N. one way or another.' US ambassador John R. Bolton said to Annan on the phone: 'I've known you since 1989 and I'm telling you this is the worst mistake by a senior U.N. official that I have seen in that entire time.'
Annan's recommendations for U.N. reform
On March 21, 2005, Annan presented a progress report, In Larger Freedom, to the UN General Assembly. Annan recommended Security Council expansion and a host of other UN reforms.
On March 7, 2006, he presented to the General Assembly his proposals for a fundamental overhaul of the United Nations Secretariat. The reform report is entitled: "Investing in the United Nations, For a Stronger Organization Worldwide".
Honours
|
||||||
7733
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 87
|
https://blogs.cornell.edu/karolyideanblog/strengthening-our-community-with-fresh-perspectives/
|
en
|
Strengthening our community with fresh perspectives
|
[
"https://blogs.cornell.edu/karolyideanblog/wp-content/themes/scjdean/images/scjdean/college-logo-full.svg",
"https://blogs.cornell.edu/karolyideanblog/wp-content/plugins/subscribe-by-email/subscribe-by-email/assets/images/ajax-loader.gif",
"https://blogs.cornell.edu/karolyideanblog/wp-content/themes/scjdean/images/scjdean/college-logo-white.svg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
en
|
https://blogs.cornell.edu/karolyideanblog/strengthening-our-community-with-fresh-perspectives/
|
At our first faculty meeting of the year earlier this month, Dean of Faculty and Research Suzanne Shu announced our impressive slate of new faculty hires. She rightfully thanked our colleagues who served on the 20 search committees that did the heavy lifting and, of course, our many other faculty who met with these individuals as prospective hires. They clearly made a positive impression which helped them decide to join us. And join us they did!
This new group adds to our expertise in exciting ways. Some arrive fresh from graduate work, others from peer schools, and yet others from industry to help fortify many teaching programs. All are doing inspiring research and innovative teaching, they expand our scope and breadth of talent, and they reach boldly across disciplines and industries.
Cluster hires work
It is hard to focus on any one individual hire to showcase, as I want to feature all of them. But there were some innovative recruiting approaches that yielded six of the 20 successful hires this year. Within two of our seven area groups, faculty hiring lines were authorized such that they straddled across at least two of our schools – specifically, in Operations, Technology, and Information Management (OTIM) and Finance. The separate search teams originally assembled across schools combined their efforts to effect what we affectionately refer to as “cluster hires.” This resulted in what we believe were much deeper and broader pools of applicants and in just terrific outcomes in terms of the hires we successfully made. In OTIM, faculty lines were authorized to affiliate with the Nolan Hotel School and the Johnson School, respectively. This cluster search yielded two faculty members affiliated with Nolan in Meng Qi and Ruihao Zhu, as well as Nur Kaynar with Johnson. Meng arrives from Berkeley’s Industrial Engineering PhD program, Ruihao comes to us from Purdue’s Krannert School with his PhD at MIT Sloan, and Nur just finished her PhD at UCLA Anderson. All three specialize in optimization, statistics, and machine learning techniques with intriguing, varied applications for sales forecasting, smart-order routing, and other supply chain management and retail operations topics. What a powerhouse of new skills in ML to join our existing strengths in that area within the College and across Cornell at the Bowers School, Engineering and Statistical and Data Sciences.
The other cluster hiring success was in Finance, where three lines straddled across the Dyson School and the Johnson School. Affiliated with Dyson, we hired Lawrence Jin away from Caltech, and affiliated with Johnson, we recruited Kelly Posenau, newly minted PhD from Chicago Booth and Mao Ye hired away from Illinois. Mao’s expertise is in big data analytics with market trading and Fintech applications, Lawrence specializes in behavioral finance topics, and Kelly’s work lies at the nexus of corporate finance, financial institutions, and sustainability. This group is going to fortify our Fintech@Cornell initiative and our new, cross-school/cross-disciplinary Business of Sustainability theme, which are both charging ahead, and it will build out our legacy strengths in Behavioral Economics and Decision Research.
Welcome Meng, Ruihao, Nur, Michaela, Mao, and Lawrence and to all of our new colleagues (about whom I will surely boast in future blog posts!). You all make us stronger together.
Our faculty growth must continue
This hiring effort now is critical. After all, expectations and responsibilities are evolving and quickly. For one, our next AACSB accreditation initiative draws nigh (May 2024). The new 2020 business accreditation standards are putting even greater emphasis on thought leadership, as well as engagement and societal impact (new Standard 9). Our college is going to relish the opportunity to showcase how we as a business school — and business, in general — are a force for good in society. It is central to our college’s mission statement to be the pre-eminent college of business in the world to develop future business leaders who advance shared, sustainable prosperity.
We also just completed our Sharing of Information on Progress (SIP) as a signatory for the United Nations Global Compact’s Principles for Responsible Management Education (PRME). PRME is a consortium of 850+ business schools around the world committed to the development of current and future managers of sustainable value, global social responsibility, leadership, engaged partnership and dialogue. Our SIP report showcases all the good work we do in our teaching programs, our engaged learning initiatives, research, and co-curricular events.
I am particularly proud of our PRME-aligned accomplishments as I now serve as a newly elected member of the global PRME board. My first in-person board meeting just took place this week in the Kofi Annan Board Room in the UN Global Compact offices next to the main UN buildings in New York. The PRME Secretariat staff were welcoming, fellow board members were inspiring, and the organization has grand aspirations to grow its influence among business schools all around the world. I am happily showing off around the office my new lapel pin of the 17 UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)!
A great place to work for all
I am not sure if it was the inspiration of our new class of faculty hires, or the highly-energized Staff Advisory Group meeting I had last week (likely both!), but I feel so confidently that our college is a great place to work – for all. We are all thinking creative thoughts about how to build a more engaged community at our great college with lots of ideas for new activities, new staff awards and recognitions, and more.
All of these initiatives have prompted me to pick up Michael C. Bush’s 2018 book, A Great Place to Work for All (Berrett-Koehler Publishers). Bush and his team are the group that produce the popular FORTUNE 100 Best Companies to Work For ranking. I am enthralled by the logic that they use to build their framework. The book talks about how much the world of work has changed and how great leaders understand that an innovative and mission-driven organization that truly lives its values is what separates one from the thousands of others competing for the best talent.
The central thesis is the importance of building a high-trust culture. While a quick read, very accessible in form, the book does not shy away from talking about the research. My favorite is the analysis of differential financial performance (loved the deep dive in Chapter 2 on London Business School’s Alex Edmans’ 2011 study in the Journal of Financial Economics, but there are supportive findings of revenue growth, accretive earnings, lower employee turnover rates, and even high-trust hospitals with healthier marks.
The book was written before the COVID pandemic – I wonder how much more valuable these intangible qualities of inclusivity, belonging and mission-aligned inspiration are now, given the ever-more-intense war for top talent post-COVID.
And I could not leave without mentioning…
How saddened were many of us in our Cornell and College community to learn of the passing of Her Majesty The Queen Elizabeth. We send our deepest condolences to His Majesty, The King Charles, and members of the Royal Family at this time.
I want to express my deep gratitude to Mark Nelson for his unstinting service to our college leadership. After six years as dean of the Samuel Curtis Johnson Graduate School of Management, Mark has decided to step away from deanship and return to the teaching and research faculty he joined in 1990. Mark has powerful stories about the Johnson lions who mentored him; make a point of asking him to share some when you see him. During his tenure as dean, Mark enhanced collaboration with Cornell Tech, increased our footprint with the opening of the Breazzano Family Center for Business Education and the Tata Innovation Center, deepened alumni relationships and successful fundraising, managed faculty, staff and student initiatives in response to COVID-19, and, perhaps most critically, stewarded our academic offerings with new and strengthened degree programs, immersions, and fellowship opportunities for our students. I invite your own stories as we prepare to celebrate Mark properly on this transition.
|
|||||||
7733
|
dbpedia
|
0
| 71
|
http://159.89.91.98/history-and-interantional-relations/the-united-nations-under-kofi-annan-1992-2006/project-topics-research-materials-guides
|
en
|
THE UNITED NATIONS UNDER KOFI ANNAN (1992 – 2006)
|
http://159.89.91.98/images/cvclue_logo.png
|
[
"http://159.89.91.98/images/cvclue_logo.png",
"http://159.89.91.98/images/CVClue_logo_footer.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
"Free project topics",
"Research guides",
"projects and materials",
"undergraduate project topics",
"final year research projects."
] | null |
[
"CVClue Web Team"
] | null |
THE UNITED NATIONS UNDER KOFI ANNAN (1992 – 2006), free research project topics hub, materials and guides
|
en
|
http://159.89.91.98/images/favicon.png
| null |
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Kofi Annan was born in the Kafandors Section of Kumasi, in Central Ghana, Africa, in what was then the British colony of the Gold Coast, on April 8, 1938. He is a twin, which has a respected state in Ghanaian culture. His full name is Kofi Atta Annan, while his twin sister Efua Atta, who died in 1991, shares the middle name Atta, which in Fante and Akan means “twin”. Annan and his sister were born into one of the country’s aristocratic families, both their grandfather and their uncle were tribal chiefs.1 and became accustomed to both traditional and modern ways of life. He has described himself as being “atribal in a tribal world”.
In Akan tradition, some children are named according to the day of the week on when they were born; and in relation to how many children precede them. Kofi in Akan is the name that corresponds with Friday.2
In 1965, Kofi Annan married Titi Alakija, a Nigerian woman from a well to do family. Several years later, they had a daughter, Ana and later a son Kojo. The couple separated in the late seventies that is when Kojo was six years old and got a divorce two years later. In 1984, Annan remarried to Nane Legergran a Swedish lawyer at the United Nations (UN).3
Between 1954 and 1957, Annan attended the Elite Mfantsipim School, a Methodist Boarding School in Cape Coast, founded in the 1870s. Annan has said that the school taught him “that suffering anywhere concerns people every where.4 In 1957, the year Annan graduated from Mfantsipim, Ghana gained independence from Britain.
At the age of twenty, he won a Ford Foundation Scholarship for undergraduate studies at Macalester College, St. Paul. In 1958, Annan began studying economics at the Kumasi College of Science and Technology, now the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology of Ghana. He received a Ford Foundation grant, enabling him to complete his undergraduate studies at Macalester College in St. Paul, Minnesota, United States. In 1961, Annam then did a DEA degree in International Relations at the Graduate Institute of International Studies in Geneva, Switzerland. After some years of work experience, Annan became the Alfred P. Sloan Fellow at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He studied at the MIT Sloan School of Management.5 Even then, he was showing signs of becoming a diplomat, or someone skilled in International Relations. At the end of his fellowship program, he was awarded a Master of Science (M.Sc.) degree in Management.
Early Career
In 1962, Kofi Annan started working as a Budget Officer for the World Health Organization, an agency of the United Nations (UN). In 1972, he moved to Cairo, Egypt, as Chief Civilian Personnel Officer in the UN emergency force. Annan briefly changed career in 1974 when he left the United Nations to serve as Managing Director of the Ghana Tourist Development Company where he worked as the Director of Tourism in Ghana. Annan returned to International Diplomacy at the United Nations in 1976. For the next seven years, he was associated with the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees in Geneva. He returned to the UN Headquarters in New York City in 1983 as Director of the Budget in the Financial Services Office. In the late 1980s, Annan returned to work for the UN, where he was appointed as an Assistant Secretary-General in three consecutive positions. Human Resources, Management and Security Coordinator (1987 – 1990), he became Assistant Security-General for another department at the United Nations, the office of Program Planning, Budget and Finance, and Controller (1990 – 1992) and Peace Keeping Operations (March 1993 – December 1996).
In fulfilling his duties to the United Nations, Annan has spent most of his adult life in the United States, specifically at the UN headquarters in New York City. Annan has by this time filled a number of roles at the United Nations, ranging from peace keeping to managerial and 1990s were no different. In 1990, he negotiated the release of hostages in Iraq following the invasion of Kuwait. Five years later, he oversaw the transition of the United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR) to the Multi-national Implementation Force (IFOR) a UN peace Keeping organization. In this transfer of responsibility, operations in the former Yugoslavia were turned over to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).
The Rwandan Genocide took place in 1994 while Annan directed UN peacekeeping operations. In 2003, Canadian ex-General Romeo Dallaire, who was force commander of the United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda, claimed that Annan was overly passive in his response to the imminent genocide. In his book, shake hands with the devil: The failure of Humanity in Rwanda (2003). General Dallaire asserted that Annan held back UN troops from intervening to settle the conflict, and from providing more logistical and material support. Dallaire claimed that Annan failed to provide responses to his repeated faxes asking for access to a weapons depository, such weapons could have helped Dallaire defend the endangered Tutsis.
In 2004, ten years after the genocide in which an estimated 800,000 people were killed, Annan said “I could and should have done more to sound the alarm and really support”.6 Annan served as Under-Secretary-General from March 1994 to October 1995. He was appointed a Special Representative of the Secretary-General to the former Yugoslavia, serving for five months before returning to his duties as Under-Secretary-General in April 1996. In recognition of his abilities, Annan was appointed Secretary-General, the top post of the United Nations by the UN General Assembly in December 1996. He began serving his four-year term of office on January 1, 1997. Joining him was his second wife, former lawyer+- Nane Lagergren of Sweden. She is the niece of the diplomat Raoul Wallenberg (1912 – 1947), who saved thousands of European Jews from the German Nazis during World War II (1937 – 45), when American-led forces fought against Germany, Italy and Japan. Annan and Lagergren were married in 1985. The couple had one child.
|
||||
7733
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 46
|
https://blogs.cornell.edu/karolyideanblog/strengthening-our-community-with-fresh-perspectives/
|
en
|
Strengthening our community with fresh perspectives
|
[
"https://blogs.cornell.edu/karolyideanblog/wp-content/themes/scjdean/images/scjdean/college-logo-full.svg",
"https://blogs.cornell.edu/karolyideanblog/wp-content/plugins/subscribe-by-email/subscribe-by-email/assets/images/ajax-loader.gif",
"https://blogs.cornell.edu/karolyideanblog/wp-content/themes/scjdean/images/scjdean/college-logo-white.svg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
en
|
https://blogs.cornell.edu/karolyideanblog/strengthening-our-community-with-fresh-perspectives/
|
At our first faculty meeting of the year earlier this month, Dean of Faculty and Research Suzanne Shu announced our impressive slate of new faculty hires. She rightfully thanked our colleagues who served on the 20 search committees that did the heavy lifting and, of course, our many other faculty who met with these individuals as prospective hires. They clearly made a positive impression which helped them decide to join us. And join us they did!
This new group adds to our expertise in exciting ways. Some arrive fresh from graduate work, others from peer schools, and yet others from industry to help fortify many teaching programs. All are doing inspiring research and innovative teaching, they expand our scope and breadth of talent, and they reach boldly across disciplines and industries.
Cluster hires work
It is hard to focus on any one individual hire to showcase, as I want to feature all of them. But there were some innovative recruiting approaches that yielded six of the 20 successful hires this year. Within two of our seven area groups, faculty hiring lines were authorized such that they straddled across at least two of our schools – specifically, in Operations, Technology, and Information Management (OTIM) and Finance. The separate search teams originally assembled across schools combined their efforts to effect what we affectionately refer to as “cluster hires.” This resulted in what we believe were much deeper and broader pools of applicants and in just terrific outcomes in terms of the hires we successfully made. In OTIM, faculty lines were authorized to affiliate with the Nolan Hotel School and the Johnson School, respectively. This cluster search yielded two faculty members affiliated with Nolan in Meng Qi and Ruihao Zhu, as well as Nur Kaynar with Johnson. Meng arrives from Berkeley’s Industrial Engineering PhD program, Ruihao comes to us from Purdue’s Krannert School with his PhD at MIT Sloan, and Nur just finished her PhD at UCLA Anderson. All three specialize in optimization, statistics, and machine learning techniques with intriguing, varied applications for sales forecasting, smart-order routing, and other supply chain management and retail operations topics. What a powerhouse of new skills in ML to join our existing strengths in that area within the College and across Cornell at the Bowers School, Engineering and Statistical and Data Sciences.
The other cluster hiring success was in Finance, where three lines straddled across the Dyson School and the Johnson School. Affiliated with Dyson, we hired Lawrence Jin away from Caltech, and affiliated with Johnson, we recruited Kelly Posenau, newly minted PhD from Chicago Booth and Mao Ye hired away from Illinois. Mao’s expertise is in big data analytics with market trading and Fintech applications, Lawrence specializes in behavioral finance topics, and Kelly’s work lies at the nexus of corporate finance, financial institutions, and sustainability. This group is going to fortify our Fintech@Cornell initiative and our new, cross-school/cross-disciplinary Business of Sustainability theme, which are both charging ahead, and it will build out our legacy strengths in Behavioral Economics and Decision Research.
Welcome Meng, Ruihao, Nur, Michaela, Mao, and Lawrence and to all of our new colleagues (about whom I will surely boast in future blog posts!). You all make us stronger together.
Our faculty growth must continue
This hiring effort now is critical. After all, expectations and responsibilities are evolving and quickly. For one, our next AACSB accreditation initiative draws nigh (May 2024). The new 2020 business accreditation standards are putting even greater emphasis on thought leadership, as well as engagement and societal impact (new Standard 9). Our college is going to relish the opportunity to showcase how we as a business school — and business, in general — are a force for good in society. It is central to our college’s mission statement to be the pre-eminent college of business in the world to develop future business leaders who advance shared, sustainable prosperity.
We also just completed our Sharing of Information on Progress (SIP) as a signatory for the United Nations Global Compact’s Principles for Responsible Management Education (PRME). PRME is a consortium of 850+ business schools around the world committed to the development of current and future managers of sustainable value, global social responsibility, leadership, engaged partnership and dialogue. Our SIP report showcases all the good work we do in our teaching programs, our engaged learning initiatives, research, and co-curricular events.
I am particularly proud of our PRME-aligned accomplishments as I now serve as a newly elected member of the global PRME board. My first in-person board meeting just took place this week in the Kofi Annan Board Room in the UN Global Compact offices next to the main UN buildings in New York. The PRME Secretariat staff were welcoming, fellow board members were inspiring, and the organization has grand aspirations to grow its influence among business schools all around the world. I am happily showing off around the office my new lapel pin of the 17 UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)!
A great place to work for all
I am not sure if it was the inspiration of our new class of faculty hires, or the highly-energized Staff Advisory Group meeting I had last week (likely both!), but I feel so confidently that our college is a great place to work – for all. We are all thinking creative thoughts about how to build a more engaged community at our great college with lots of ideas for new activities, new staff awards and recognitions, and more.
All of these initiatives have prompted me to pick up Michael C. Bush’s 2018 book, A Great Place to Work for All (Berrett-Koehler Publishers). Bush and his team are the group that produce the popular FORTUNE 100 Best Companies to Work For ranking. I am enthralled by the logic that they use to build their framework. The book talks about how much the world of work has changed and how great leaders understand that an innovative and mission-driven organization that truly lives its values is what separates one from the thousands of others competing for the best talent.
The central thesis is the importance of building a high-trust culture. While a quick read, very accessible in form, the book does not shy away from talking about the research. My favorite is the analysis of differential financial performance (loved the deep dive in Chapter 2 on London Business School’s Alex Edmans’ 2011 study in the Journal of Financial Economics, but there are supportive findings of revenue growth, accretive earnings, lower employee turnover rates, and even high-trust hospitals with healthier marks.
The book was written before the COVID pandemic – I wonder how much more valuable these intangible qualities of inclusivity, belonging and mission-aligned inspiration are now, given the ever-more-intense war for top talent post-COVID.
And I could not leave without mentioning…
How saddened were many of us in our Cornell and College community to learn of the passing of Her Majesty The Queen Elizabeth. We send our deepest condolences to His Majesty, The King Charles, and members of the Royal Family at this time.
I want to express my deep gratitude to Mark Nelson for his unstinting service to our college leadership. After six years as dean of the Samuel Curtis Johnson Graduate School of Management, Mark has decided to step away from deanship and return to the teaching and research faculty he joined in 1990. Mark has powerful stories about the Johnson lions who mentored him; make a point of asking him to share some when you see him. During his tenure as dean, Mark enhanced collaboration with Cornell Tech, increased our footprint with the opening of the Breazzano Family Center for Business Education and the Tata Innovation Center, deepened alumni relationships and successful fundraising, managed faculty, staff and student initiatives in response to COVID-19, and, perhaps most critically, stewarded our academic offerings with new and strengthened degree programs, immersions, and fellowship opportunities for our students. I invite your own stories as we prepare to celebrate Mark properly on this transition.
|
|||||||
7733
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 13
|
https://www.business-humanrights.org/es/blog/celebrating-kofi-annans-contributions-to-business-and-human-rights/
|
en
|
Celebrating Kofi Annan’s contributions to business and human rights
|
[
"https://media.business-humanrights.org/media/images/43000042851_b6ba75dcc7_k.2e16d0ba.fill-788x488.jpg",
"https://media.business-humanrights.org/media/images/Just_transition_.2e16d0ba.fill-200.2e16d0ba.fill-788x488.png",
"https://media.business-humanrights.org/media/images/WhatsApp_Image_2024-07-29_at_7.47..2e16d0ba.fill-788x488.jpg",
"https://media.business-humanrights.org/media/images/43000042851_b6ba75dcc7_k.2e16d0ba.fill-788x488.jpg",
"https://media.business-humanrights.org/media/images/Just_transition_.2e16d0ba.fill-200.2e16d0ba.fill-788x488.png",
"https://media.business-humanrights.org/media/images/WhatsApp_Image_2024-07-29_at_7.47..2e16d0ba.fill-788x488.jpg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
es
|
Business & Human Rights Resource Centre
|
https://www.business-humanrights.org/es/blog/celebrating-kofi-annans-contributions-to-business-and-human-rights/
|
On September 13, 2018, I had the honor to attend the state funeral for Kofi Annan in Accra. The President of Ghana, in his eulogy, described Kofi as “charming, cosmopolitan, consensus-builder, elegant, eloquent, gentle-mannered, modest, polyglot, proud African, peacemaker, quintessential diplomat.” To me he was also mentor, friend, and favorite boss.
Shortly after Kofi took office as the seventh Secretary-General of the United Nations he invited me to join the team he was assembling (at the time, I was Dean of Columbia University’s School of International and Public Affairs). I asked him what my job description would be. He smiled and said “don’t get swallowed up by the cable traffic.” Eventually that function became formalized on the UN org chart as Assistant Secretary-General for Strategic Planning.
As Secretary-General, Kofi lived the African proverb “you cannot bend the wind so bend the sail.” To bureaucrats who were skeptical of new ideas and innovative approaches, his response invariably was: “Why don’t we test it? You may be surprised. Let’s test it.”
Nowhere was this more evident than in his desire to involve the broadest possible array of social actors in the mission and daily work of the United Nations—be they parliamentarians or leaders of business, civil society, workers organizations, the world’s many faiths, and universities. The ability of the United Nations to help improve the lives of people, he believed, required that it reach beyond the precincts of intergovernmentalism on Turtle Bay.
The now vibrant field of business and human rights looms large among Kofi’s many legacies. Perhaps it came to him naturally. The dignity of every person was integral to the family values with which he was raised. And human rights were inextricably bound up in the struggle for independence, which Ghana achieved in 1957 when he was in his late teens. On the business side, his father, Henry Reginald Annan, was the first black manager of a Ghanaian subsidiary of Lever Brothers (now Unilever). At university, Kofi studied economics, beginning in Kumasi and completing his undergraduate degree at Macalester College in Minnesota. He also studied economics at the Graduate Institute in Geneva and earned a mid-career master’s degree at MIT’s Sloan School of Business. It seemed self-evident to him that concern with the dignity of people a company impacts should be integral to its strategies and practices.
Kofi’s contribution to the global business and human rights agenda began with his establishing the UN Global Compact in 2000. As he famously said at the World Economic Forum in Davos that year: “My friends, the simple fact of the matter is this: if we cannot make globalization work for all, in the end it will work for none.”
He envisaged the Compact as a multi-stakeholder learning forum for identifying and disseminating good corporate practices in relation to worker and other human rights, environmental practices, and (later) anti-corruption. He sought to make it a platform to engage business in support of the broad array of UN goals. When a delegation of governments challenged him on where he got the mandate for this, he responded, softly, “I didn’t realize I needed a mandate to help implement the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.”
To this day, the Compact remains the world’s largest corporate citizenship initiative, with some 10,000 global participants and national networks in more than 50 countries. Among its many knock-on effects are the Principles for Responsible Investment, launched in 2006 not long before Kofi’s term in office came to an end, which marked a significant step forward in the evolution of what is now known as ESG investing—incorporating environmental, social, and corporate governance criteria into investment decisions.
Never one to miss an opportunity, Annan persuaded the UN General Assembly to mark the year 2000 with a summit of heads of state and government, and to ask him to offer them suggestions regarding the role of the United Nations in the new millennium. He presented the summit with a report entitled We the Peoples, addressing both new and enduring challenges. Under the heading of ‘development and poverty eradication’ were eight specific targets for the world to aim at during the next 15 years. They were adopted as the Millennium Development Goals. In 2001, Annan was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for “bringing new life to the organization.”
When the MDGs expired in 2015 they were succeeded by a broader set of Sustainable Development Goals. Both of these ambitious agendas have had at their core the realization of human rights; and both have recognized the indispensable role of all sectors of society, including business, in making them a reality.
In 2005, the UN Commission on Human Rights (now Human Rights Council) adopted a resolution requesting the Secretary-General to appoint a Special Representative on the subject of business and human rights. The mandate was to identify and clarify the respective responsibilities of states and business, and to make recommendations for the Commission’s consideration. By then I had returned to academic life, but Kofi asked me to take this on as an extra-curricular assignment. He expressed particular concern that the seriousness of the issues not become overwhelmed by unrelated and unhelpful political dynamics within the UN bubble, stressing the imperative of generating meaningful buy-in so as to achieve real change in how business gets done. Six years and 50 international consultations later, I presented the Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights to the Human Rights Council, which endorsed them unanimously.
Kofi Annan was the least ego-driven leader I have ever met. He had an infectious laugh. He and his beloved wife Nane, a lawyer by training and an accomplished artist, were role models of mutual respect and collaboration. As a boss, Kofi had the ability to inspire those of us who worked closely with him to achieve things we never thought we could. Sadly he has passed. But his inspiration lives on—as do the many legacies he bequeathed to us all.
John G. Ruggie is the Berthold Beitz Professor in Human Rights and International Affairs at Harvard’s Kennedy School of Government, and Affiliated Professor in International Legal Studies at Harvard Law. In various capacities, he worked for and with Kofi Annan for a decade.
|
||||||
7733
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 4
|
https://www.independent.co.uk/news/kofi-annan-dead-former-un-secretary-general-nobel-peace-prize-laureate-a8497171.html
|
en
|
Kofi Annan: Former UN secretary general and Nobel Peace Prize laureate
|
[
"https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/thumbnails/image/2018/08/18/14/kofi.jpg",
"https://static.independent.co.uk/static-assets/images/newsletter/breaking-news/breaking-news-thumb.png",
"https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/thumbnails/image/2018/08/18/14/kofi-1.jpg",
"https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/thumbnails/image/2018/08/18/14/kofi-2.jpg",
"https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/thumbnails/image/2018/08/18/14/kofi-3.jpg",
"https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/thumbnails/image/2018/08/18/14/kofi-4.jpg",
"https://static.independent.co.uk/s3fs-public/thumbnails/image/2018/08/18/14/kofi-5.jpg",
"https://www.independent.co.uk/img/icons/google.svg"
] |
[
"//cdn.jwplayer.com/players/xuXTRWRp-9ygSIn9G.html"
] |
[] |
[
"Kofi Annan",
"United Nations",
"Ghana",
"Human Rights",
"Nobel Peace Prize",
"Internal"
] | null |
[
"Linda Melvern"
] |
2018-08-20T10:51:38+00:00
|
The Ghanaian national was the first and only black African to be appointed as the world’s top diplomat, a tenure that saw him mediate in some of the biggest crises of the 21st century
|
en
|
/img/shortcut-icons/favicon.ico
|
The Independent
|
https://www.independent.co.uk/news/kofi-annan-dead-former-un-secretary-general-nobel-peace-prize-laureate-a8497171.html
|
In December 1996, the selection of Kofi Annan as the seventh secretary general of the United Nations had been a milestone. This was the first time in the history of the UN that a secretary general had been chosen from the UN staff, and Annan, an international civil servant, had come up through the ranks in management and personnel departments.
There were immediate comparisons made between Annan and the third secretary general, Dag Hammarskjold. Hammarskjold had also been welcomed as a quiet and ghanaunassuming bureaucrat but had gone on to transform the office of secretary general from one of an international administrator to that of a world statesman and had become a world figure.
Annan began his professional life as an administrator and aged 24 had joined the international civil service as a budget and administrative officer for the World Health Organisation (WHO). Ten years later he was awarded a management degree from Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT).
When Hammarskjold had taken the helm in 1953, appointed from the Swedish civil service, he had been horrified at the magnitude of his task. Annan in contrast was already well acquainted with the UN’s constant crisis management, its inherent weaknesses, its institutional complexity, and its serious and damaging lack of coordination between its organisations and programmes.
The comparisons between Hammarskjold and Annan were inevitable and when Annan assumed office in January 1997 there were high hopes for what he might achieve. Almost everyone has a different idea about what the job of secretary general is but for Annan a more central and more immediate predicament existed. He had not been everyone’s choice.
Many UN member states had wanted his predecessor to remain for a second term, the outspoken Dr Boutros Boutros-Ghali, an Egyptian diplomat and politician. But in a sorry and a shameful spectacle Boutros-Ghali had been drummed out of office by the Clinton administration. The Americans lobbied hard for Annan to take his place, diplomats from the US mission to the UN arguing that Annan was the only UN official in which they had any confidence.
The Americans promised Annan that once he was in office the debt the US owed to the UN would be paid. In December 1996, The New York Times had described Annan’s selection as another key appointment for President Clinton’s second term, as though the UN were a division of the US government.
Kofi Annan was born on 8 April 1938 in a small town called Bekwai, near Kumasi, Ghana. His father was the elected governor of Ashanti province and a hereditary paramount chief of the Fante people. At the time Ghana was a British colony and called the Gold Coast, and his father worked for a subsidiary of Unilever dealing in cocoa exports and various imports.
Annan went to Ghana’s leading boarding school and later enrolled in the University of Science and Technology at Kumasi, a provincial capital. He completed his undergraduate work in economics at Macalester College, St Paul, Minnesota, in 1961 with the help of a grant from the Ford Foundation. From Minnesota he went to Geneva to the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies and then, as a 1971-72 Sloan Fellow, he studied at MIT and received a master of science degree in management.
His first job within the UN system was as a lowly administrative and budget officer with the WHO, where he appeared efficient, tactful and persuasive – but Annan wanted to work in Africa and he resigned from the WHO and found a job as head of the personnel section at the Economic Commission for Africa in Addis Ababa.
Annan was ambitious and from Addis Ababa he decided to go to America to study management, at MIT, after which, in the mid-Seventies, he went home to Ghana to run the Ghana Tourist Development Company. But here he felt restricted. Ghana was under military rule. Annan returned to the UN system and he went to Geneva to the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Refugees. It was a crucial period with a dramatic increase of refugees worldwide, a result of events triggered by the fall of Saigon that saw nearly 2 million Indo-Chinese flee Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos.
In the mid-Eighties Annan was promoted. He moved to New York where he served as assistant secretary general for programme planning, budget and finance and was appointed controller in that office in 1990. That year, following the invasion of Kuwait by Iraq, Annan was asked by the then secretary general, the Peruvian Javier Perez de Cuellar, as a special assignment, to facilitate the repatriation of more than 900 international staff and the release of western hostages in Iraq.
Annan negotiated with Iraq the safe passage of 500,000 Asian workers stranded in the region. It was Annan who led the first UN team negotiating with Iraq on the sales of oil to fund purchases of humanitarian aid. And so Annan managed to make a difficult transition from finance and management to international diplomacy. And as it happened, at that very time, and as a result of the end of the Cold War, there was an expansion in UN peacekeeping.
Annan was appointed assistant secretary general for peacekeeping operations on 1 March 1993, just as the tragic UN peacekeeping mission in Somalia was experiencing real difficulties: that summer 23 peacekeepers from Pakistan lost their lives and in October 18 soldiers from the US elite forces were killed by Somali militiamen. Later on, Annan would be critical of the speed with which the US withdrew its troops from Somalia after the deaths of the soldiers. He said that the impression had been created that the easiest way to disrupt a UN mission was to kill Americans.
In February 1994 Annan was appointed under secretary general for peacekeeping, a post he held until he was selected secretary general. Between November 1995 and March 1996, following the Dayton Peace Agreement that ended the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Annan served as special representative of the secretary general to the former Yugoslavia, overseeing the transition in Bosnia and Herzegovina from the United Nations Protection Force to the multinational Implementation Force, led by NATO.
It was at this moment that he came to the attention of American diplomats and they would report how efficient this UN civil servant and how calm and collected. Annan was never inoffensive and he was elegant and well mannered. He was diligent and patient. He had a British accent.
During Annan’s term as head of peacekeeping there was an unprecedented growth in the size and scope of UN peacekeeping, with a total deployment at its peak in 1995 of almost 70,000 military and civilian personnel from 77 countries. It was also a time of the UN’s greatest humiliations and the genocide in Rwanda would define the consequences of inaction. Two particular episodes would come to haunt Annan, the genocide in Rwanda that took place between April and July 1994 and the massacre in Srebrenica in July 1995
When Kofi Annan’s term as secretary general began in January 1997 his first major initiative was to propose a plan for reform, presented in a document, “Renewing the United Nations”, which was given to UN member states in July and was pursued with an emphasis on improving coherence and coordination. A cabinet of the UN’s most senior officials was established, breaking the tradition whereby each official briefed the secretary general individually. In this way Annan hoped to address the UN’s organisational incoherence.
To ease a ridiculous workload Annan was successful in seeking approval from the General Assembly for the appointment of a deputy secretary general. Of note in these early years, in April 1998, was his report to the Security Council on “The Causes of Conflict and the Promotion of Durable Peace and Sustainable Development in Africa”. He was keen to increase the international community’s commitment to Africa.
Annan quickly proved himself a consummate diplomat and he used his good offices in several key political crises, including an attempt in 1998 to gain Iraq’s compliance with Security Council resolutions. His ability in this case to pursue a sensible diplomatic path while US forces were amassing in the Gulf was lauded in the American press and there were favourable profiles. He was credited with having prevented the bombing of Iraq. In 1998 Annan helped to promote the transition to civilian rule in Nigeria and in 1999 he mediated an agreement to resolve a stalemate between Libya and the Security Council over the 1988 bombing of a jet airliner over Lockerbie.
Annan’s quiet diplomacy in 1999 helped to forge an international response to violence in East Timor. In the latter case he negotiated with the Indonesian government in Jakarta to let UN peacekeepers into the country. He was a skilful moderator in the Middle East in October 2000 and amid a serious escalation in violence and with many Palestinians shot dead by Israeli troops he was said to have been instrumental in persuading Yasser Arafat to travel to an international conference at Sharm el Sheikh.
Throughout this period Annan was dogged by questions from the past into his role as head of UN peacekeeping between 1993-1994, in the circumstances of the tragedies of Rwanda and Srebrenica. In Srebrenica in July 1995 a massacre of the Muslim population had taken place after the town had fallen to besieging Serb forces. There was TV news film of the men and boys led away to be killed and Danish peacekeepers nearby had been vilified for their inactivity. The tragedies in Rwanda and in Bosnia had exposed the role played by UN officials before now of little concern to the media.
Annan set up two internal inquiries, one into each tragedy. This resulted in reports in which blame was evenly spread and although the reports heralded a break with UN tradition, they were notable for their lack of specific information although they did go some way to expose the decision-making in the Security Council – always in secret and informal sessions – and an international civil service whose officials seemed incapable of adequately managing UN missions. Some human rights activists remain convinced that all involved in these two events should have resigned. The spotlight remained on Annan. Less attention was paid to the role of his predecessor, Boutros-Ghali, whose behaviour at this time was never fully explained.
Whatever the lessons of these disastrous years there remained a gulf between what was needed in UN peacekeeping and the means provided by member states. Nor did the Security Council change its ways, the five permanent members failing as usual to provide adequate and timely intelligence information to UN missions in the field. What was really needed was a peacekeeping revolution within the UN and within the defence ministries of its most powerful nations. And this was unlikely with a Republican president, George W Bush.
One of Annan’s most notable achievements was to sell the UN to sceptics. Annan, a man who chose his words with great care, often managed to side-step Washington and brought the UN closer to the people. He actively courted Hollywood; film star Michael Douglas was appointed a special UN ambassador. CNN founder Ted Turner gave a massive donation for UN programmes. Annan tried to promote an idealistic moral world view and seemed determined that the mistakes of the past, and particularly the immediate past, would never be repeated.
He gave the organisation a more streamlined image and he was admired and respected by those who worked for him. He was a quiet man, a calming presence and unflappable. While others pointed out that a more realistic approach for UN success would entail warships, combat aircraft and war fighting troops, he remained hopeful and quietly determined. To have completely altered the nature of UN peace forces would entail changing the institution itself beyond recognition. A safer option for reform was chosen.
There were problems and serious challenges to the institution during his term of office. Annan had strong reservations about Nato’s 1999 unilateral intervention in Kosovo, the bombing used to try to prevent human rights abuses. In his annual report for 1999 he cautioned those who welcomed Nato’s campaign to remember that actions without Security Council authorisation threatened the very core of the international security system founded and based on the UN Charter, although he did believe that borders should not prevent intervention and that sovereignty was not a shield for human rights abuses.
For Annan a new international solidarity in favour of intervention represented a humanity that cared more, not less, for the world’s suffering. A developing international norm in support of intervention was for Annan a hopeful sign at the end of the 20th century but it was imperative that the UN be central to it.
Annan knew better than any other secretary general before him how the UN system worked. Most importantly, he was aware of the low morale of the UN staff. This was a toxic bureaucracy in which promotion depended on nationality rather than ability and Annan made sure that reform of the UN bureaucracy was a permanent item on the agenda, but efforts were hampered by the continuing debt crisis with the amount that America owed reaching well over $1bn (£7.8m).
By 2000 the new trend was for the UN to enter into partnership with corporations. There were many critics of this policy but Annan believed that the UN’s original aims would not be subverted, and the private sector would be eager to provide funds. He was outspoken at the 2001 World Economic Forum at Davos when he warned against a background of protest, that world business leaders faced a backlash against their globalisation unless their companies became better world citizens.
The same year, Annan and the UN were jointly awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for their efforts to “revitalise” the UN and for “having given priority to human rights”. Annan was also recognised for his commitment to the fight against the spread of HIV in Africa and his outspoken opposition to international terrorism.
In 2003, the US announced its intention to bypass the UN and invade Iraq, despite Annan urging them and the UK not to intervene without the UN’s support. In a September 2004 interview, Annan told the BBC: “From our point of view and from the charter point of view, it was illegal.” This drove a wedge between Annan and the US, one of his biggest supporters, and caused him problems when he was implicated, both professionally and personally, in the “oil for food scandal” in 2004.
Reports surfaced that Annan’s son Kojo had received payments from the company monitoring the programme, which was started in 1996 to sell limited quantities of oil from sanction-hit Iraq in return for humanitarian supplies. Annan called for an investigation which cleared him of using improper influence a year later, but did identify failings in how he had overseen the programme. In the US, politicians called for his resignation.
However, it wasn’t until 2006, after 10 years at the helm and nearing 70, that Annan stepped down as secretary general of the UN. In his final speech, he called on the US to return to President Truman’s multilateralist foreign policies, saying “the responsibility of the great states is to serve and not dominate the peoples of the world”. He also said the US must maintain its commitment to human rights “including in the struggle against terrorism”.
During much of his time in office his wife, Nane Marie, often travelled with him and she was seen as a tremendous asset. He had married her, a Swedish jurist and painter, in 1984. It was a second marriage for both. His son, Kojo, and daughter, Ama, are from his first marriage.
Nane is a niece of Raoul Wallenberg, the Swedish diplomat who saved thousands from death at the hands of the Nazis. The couple were often described as near perfect and Annan paid tribute to the help that Nane brought him during his years as secretary general.
Despite his resignation, Annan continued to fight for diplomacy and human rights. In 2007, he set up the Kofi Annan Foundation, which works “towards a fairer, more peaceful world”. A year later, he helped broker an arduous power-sharing agreement between Kenyan opposition leader Raila Odinga and former president Mwai Kibaki, putting an end to the post-election violence which left at least 1,000 people dead, and 300,000 displaced.
In February 2012, he was appointed by the UN and Arab League as joint special representative for Syria in an attempt to end the civil war, a post he resigned from in August of the same year, saying the peace mission was impossible because of militarisation on the ground and lack of international unity.
The following year, he was appointed as the chair of the Elders, an independent group of world working together for peace and human rights and brought together by Nelson Mandela. In 2016, Annan was appointed to lead a UN commission to investigate the Rohingya crisis.
“I’ve discovered retirement is hard work,” he said in an interview with the BBC to mark his 80th birthday.
Kofi Annan, UN secretary general, born 8 April 1938, died 18 August 2018
|
||||
7733
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 27
|
https://news.mit.edu/1997/commence-0611
|
en
|
Joy, reflection mark Commencement
|
https://news.mit.edu/themes/mit/assets/img/favicon/favicon.ico
|
https://news.mit.edu/themes/mit/assets/img/favicon/favicon.ico
|
[
"https://news.mit.edu/themes/mit/src/img/placeholder/placeholder--frontpage--featured-news.jpg",
"https://news.mit.edu/themes/mit/src/img/placeholder/placeholder--frontpage--featured-news.jpg",
"https://news.mit.edu/themes/mit/src/img/placeholder/placeholder--frontpage--featured-news.jpg",
"https://news.mit.edu/themes/mit/src/img/placeholder/placeholder--frontpage--featured-news.jpg",
"https://news.mit.edu/themes/mit/src/img/placeholder/placeholder--frontpage--featured-news.jpg",
"https://news.mit.edu/themes/mit/src/img/placeholder/placeholder--frontpage--featured-news.jpg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Robert J. Sales",
"News Office"
] |
1997-06-11T09:00:00+00:00
|
en
|
/themes/mit/assets/img/favicon/favicon.ico
|
MIT News | Massachusetts Institute of Technology
|
https://news.mit.edu/1997/commence-0611
|
Graduates, families, friends and faculty of MIT shared a vision of world progress and a slightly giddy sense of personal optimism during the Institute's 131st Commencement exercises, held on a cool, clear day in Killian Court last Friday.
Because some students receive more than one degree, the total number of degrees--2,280--exceeded the number of students who received them--2,035. Altogether, 1,023 SB degrees and 1,257 advanced degrees were awarded. The advanced degrees include 247 doctorates, 999 master's degrees and 11 engineer degrees, a professional degree somewhat beyond a master's degree.
The School of Engineering awarded 1,088 degrees, the most among the six schools. The Sloan School of Management awarded 508; the School of Science, 425; the School of Architecture and Planning, 130; the School of Humanities and Social Science, 118, and the Whitaker College of Health Sciences and Technology, 11. Degree recipients included 618 women and 525 members of American minority groups.
In addressing the graduates, President Charles M. Vest noted that they would work in a world "driven by. science and technology, internationalization and changing demography." He urged them to maintain a sense of social responsibility while pursing their careers.
Building on these themes, President Vest said in delivering his charge to the new graduates:
"Take your education, your talent and your energy and build us a nation and a world community that consider knowledge a gift to be shared. a healthy planet a place to be cherished. and human dignity and opportunity fundamental conditions to be enjoyed by all people."
The principal speaker, United Nations Secretary General Kofi A. Annan, noted the similar goals and tactics used in diplomacy and scientific research and called upon the graduates to help maintain continued US support of the UN. Mr. Annan, who earned a master's degree in management from MIT in 1972, also reminisced about his days in Cambridge.
"At the outset," he said, " there was competition--rather intense competition--among my cohorts. Each was equally determined to shine and to demonstrate his leadership qualities. I say 'his' because there were no women among us; I am certainly glad that has changed.
"Walking along the Charles River one day in the middle of my first term, I reflected on my predicament. How could I possibly survive let alone thrive in this group of overachievers? And the answer came to me most emphatically: not by playing according to their rules. 'Follow your own inner compass,' I said to myself. 'Listen to your own drummer.' To live is to choose. But to choose well, you must know who you are and what you stand for, where you want to go and why you want to get there. My anxieties slowly dissolved.
"What I took away from MIT, as a result, was not only the analytical tools but also the intellectual confidence to help me locate my bearings in new situations, to view any challenge as a potential opportunity for renewal and growth, to be comfortable in seeking the help of colleagues, but not fearing, in the end, to do things my way."
Dr. Paul E. Gray, presiding at his final Commencement as the outgoing chairman of the Corporation, opened the ceremony by calling on baritone Philip Lima, MIT assistant manager for benefits, to sing the national anthem. Mr. Lima, a trained opera singer, had never performed "The Star-Spangled Banner" in public.
To prepare for the performance, Mr. Lima said, "I read and re-read the poem, so I could communicate its message. Its original intent--to inspire patriotic fervor, perseverance and determination to overcome obstacles--comes through a very powerful text. Then, I had to make it feel fresh and new."
The entire crowd--numbering more than 10,000, including guests--stood as Mr. Lima walked to the microphone; as "The Star Spangled Banner" rang out in his rich baritone, Campus Police saluted, and numerous guests, particularly those of the Class of '47, wearing their 50th-reunion red blazers, sang along.
The Rev. Constance Parvey, MIT's Lutheran minister, then delivered the invocation. She called upon the Class of 1997 to let their lives be guided by the "good, the just, the true" and "a commitment to build a global society. that holds in guardianship a just world for all people."
Following Mr. Annan's speech, Constantine Morfopoulos, president of the Graduate Student Council, and Pardis Sabeti, president of the Senior Class, made their presentations.
Mr. Morfopolous saluted MIT, urging members of the community to "sow your ideas in the abundant fields of the cosmos. Be bold, generous and grateful for all the Institute has given you."
He used a quote from Goethe--"whatever you can do or dream you can do, begin it"--to reflect Commence-ment's general feeling of hope and anticipation, which was enhanced by the presence of babies and toddlers of many nations in their first suits and party dresses.
Ms. Sabeti, who presented the class gift to President Vest, referred gaily to "those of you who survived ICE (Integrated Chemical Engineering), Design 2.70 and Course 6 and 1.70. who have seen more Boston sunrises than you'd care to admit," all to quick applause.
"In four crazy years, we've gained the knowledge we need, and now we're entering a new phase. Now we're the ones asking the questions. We gained a great sense of spirit as a class and as a part of MIT," she said. Now, the seniors will "give back to MIT through the new SPICE Fund--Students Promoting an Improved College Experience." The fund will bring speakers and events to MIT students. Thanking the leadership of Class Chairman Pang Lee, the Senior Class Gift, establishing the SPICE Fund, is $60,000, a "record contribution."
Before delivering his charge to the graduates, President Vest offered a tribute to his predecessor as president, Paul Gray. "Paul is completing his service as chairman this July, and after some time off for good behavior, he will return to what he calls the best job at MIT--being a professor. With his lifetime of service to and leadership of the Institute, I consider Paul Gray to be the very personification of MIT, in his integrity, his caring, and his insistence on recognizing and rewarding excellence, wherever it is found.
"As the one who followed in his presidential footsteps, I count no privilege of my office higher than that of having Paul as a counselor, guide and friend. Paul, together with his wife and partner Priscilla, have blessed this place. Now it is our turn to thank them," Dr. Vest said.
In keeping with the day's festive tone, President Vest strayed spontaneously from his prepared text to quote a filmmaker on immortality: "Woody Allen once said, 'I don't want to achieve immortality through my work. I want to achieve it by not dying.'
"Nevertheless," President Vest concluded, "achieve immortality through your works. I wish you Godspeed and great good fortune!"
And then the race was on. Not the measured pace of graduates, marching in order from their seats to the stage and back, but the exuberant pace of proud family members as they sought clear photo views of their loved ones in robes, carrying the coveted red folders.
A "bullpen" set up near the orchestra accommodated a limited number of parents. As each page of the program was completed, an usher would tear the number off a large binder, revealing the page of names coming up. A press of parents would then propel a new group onto a two-tiered photo stage.
As President Vest noted, different generations would express their approval for Commencement differently. But the Killian Court proceedings embraced them all, including a romp through the grass in new clothes, a nap in a stroller or a quiet spot among old friends, or a handstand and a cartwheel by graduates upon receiving their diplomas.
Even a very personal sign of loyalty fit well among the rest. Robert N. Creek died before he could celebrate his 50th reunion with fellow MIT members of the Class of '47. But his wife Margaret wore the traditional crimson blazer and gray-and-red tie herself. The fit, she said, was perfect.
|
|||
7733
|
dbpedia
|
3
| 86
|
https://www.ghanabusinessnews.com/2018/09/10/university-of-ghana-community-pays-tribute-to-kofi-annan/
|
en
|
University of Ghana community pays tribute to Kofi Annan
|
[
"https://www.ghanabusinessnews.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/GBN-logo.png",
"https://www.ghanabusinessnews.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/GBN-logo.png",
"https://www.ghanabusinessnews.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/Kofi-Annan2.jpg",
"https://www.ghanabusinessnews.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/13th-African-games-94.jpg",
"https://www.ghanabusinessnews.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/13th-African-games-112.jpg",
"https://www.ghanabusinessnews.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/13th-African-games-15.jpg",
"https://www.ghanabusinessnews.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/13th-African-games-117.jpg",
"https://www.ghanabusinessnews.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/13th-African-games-140.jpg",
"https://www.ghanabusinessnews.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/13th-African-games-139.jpg",
"https://www.ghanabusinessnews.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/13th-African-games-12.jpg",
"https://www.ghanabusinessnews.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/13th-African-games-3.jpg",
"https://www.ghanabusinessnews.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/13th-African-games-84.jpg",
"https://www.ghanabusinessnews.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/13th-African-games-88.jpg",
"https://www.ghanabusinessnews.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/13th-African-games-162.jpg",
"https://www.ghanabusinessnews.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/13th-African-games-85.jpg",
"https://www.ghanabusinessnews.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/13th-African-games-157.jpg",
"https://www.ghanabusinessnews.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/13th-African-games-7.jpg",
"https://www.ghanabusinessnews.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/13th-African-games-86.jpg",
"https://www.ghanabusinessnews.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/13th-African-games-129.jpg",
"https://www.ghanabusinessnews.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/13th-African-games-170.jpg",
"https://www.ghanabusinessnews.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/13th-African-games-91.jpg",
"https://www.ghanabusinessnews.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/13th-African-games-97.jpg",
"https://www.ghanabusinessnews.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/13th-African-games-30.jpg",
"https://www.ghanabusinessnews.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/13th-African-games-20.jpg",
"https://www.ghanabusinessnews.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/13th-African-games-6.jpg",
"https://www.ghanabusinessnews.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/13th-African-games-53.jpg",
"https://www.ghanabusinessnews.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/13th-African-games-99.jpg",
"https://www.ghanabusinessnews.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/13th-African-games-156.jpg",
"https://www.ghanabusinessnews.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/13th-African-games-37.jpg",
"https://www.ghanabusinessnews.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/13th-African-games-110.jpg",
"https://www.ghanabusinessnews.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/13th-African-games-120.jpg",
"https://www.ghanabusinessnews.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/13th-African-games-149.jpg",
"https://www.ghanabusinessnews.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/13th-African-games-47.jpg",
"https://www.ghanabusinessnews.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/13th-African-games-169.jpg",
"https://www.ghanabusinessnews.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/13th-African-games-48.jpg",
"https://www.ghanabusinessnews.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/13th-African-games-16.jpg",
"https://www.ghanabusinessnews.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/13th-African-games-18.jpg",
"https://www.ghanabusinessnews.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/13th-African-games-153.jpg",
"https://www.ghanabusinessnews.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/13th-African-games-5.jpg",
"https://www.ghanabusinessnews.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/13th-African-games-126.jpg",
"https://www.ghanabusinessnews.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/13th-African-games-9.jpg",
"https://www.ghanabusinessnews.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/13th-African-games-130.jpg",
"https://www.ghanabusinessnews.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/13th-African-games-168.jpg",
"https://www.ghanabusinessnews.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/13th-African-games-104.jpg",
"https://www.ghanabusinessnews.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/13th-African-games-11.jpg",
"https://www.ghanabusinessnews.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/13th-African-games-123.jpg",
"https://www.ghanabusinessnews.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/13th-African-games-60.jpg",
"https://www.ghanabusinessnews.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/ccij.jpg",
"https://www.ghanabusinessnews.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/cenozo.jpg",
"https://www.ghanabusinessnews.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/icij-logo-min.png",
"https://www.ghanabusinessnews.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/ForbidenStories.jpg",
"https://www.ghanabusinessnews.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/financial-afrik.jpg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"emmakd"
] |
2018-09-10T00:00:00
|
Tributes continue to pour in for Ghana’s most celebrated diplomat, Mr Kofi Annan, as the nation prepares to grant him a befitting but subdued farewell from Tuesday, September 11. The following are some of the tributes the Ghana News Agency captured from the Book of Condolence, opened by University of Ghana where he was the […]
|
en
|
Ghana Business News
|
https://www.ghanabusinessnews.com/2018/09/10/university-of-ghana-community-pays-tribute-to-kofi-annan/
|
Tributes continue to pour in for Ghana’s most celebrated diplomat, Mr Kofi Annan, as the nation prepares to grant him a befitting but subdued farewell from Tuesday, September 11.
The following are some of the tributes the Ghana News Agency captured from the Book of Condolence, opened by University of Ghana where he was the immediate Past Chancellor.
“Mr Kofi Annan was a heritage figure in many senses, and his death is a great loss to Ghana, Africa and the world. He was a tireless fighter for peace and love in the world. May he have eternal rest,” Prof. Yaw Twumasi, Chairman of Council, University of Ghana, wrote.
“Ghana, Africa and the world have truly lost a gem. He was humble and peaceful. Mr Annan was a true blessing to his generation and the world at large. Rest in Peace,” wrote Prof. Ebenezer Oduro Owusu, Vice-Chancellor, University of Ghana.
“We are grateful for the 10 years that Mr Annan gave to the University of Ghana. We would have wished for a chance to express this sentiment to him, but God knows best. May his gentle soul rest in perfect peace. We will miss you, Sir.” Mercy Haizel-Ashia, Registrar.
“Mr. Kofi Annan’s name will never be forgotten for the excellent way he made Ghana and Africa proud when he was UN Secretary-General. Always cool and collected; he handled very complex issues with wisdom. Rest in Peace,” Prof. Florence Abena Dolphyne, former Pro-Vice-Chancellor, University of Ghana, wrote.
“He was an extraordinary man who inspired Council, the University Administration and the University Community during his tenure as Chancellor. He was quite unassuming in person and easy to discuss ideas with. He was full of wise and forward-looking thoughts. The University owes him much. May his soul rest in perfect peace,” Justice Prof. Samuel Kofi Date-Bah, former Chairman of Council, University of Ghana (2009-2016).
Prof. C.N.B. Tagoe, former Vice-Chancellor, University of Ghana (2006-2010) described Kofi Annan as: “A fine gentleman and fantastic Chancellor. Proud to have been your 1st Vice-Chancellor. Uncle Kofi, may the Lord grant you eternal rest. Amen.”
“You have served your term and affected your generation. You represented the best of the Ghanaian and we thank God for your life. May you find eternal rest,” Prof. Henrietta J.A.N. Mensa-Bonsu, School of Law, University of Ghana.
“Mr. Kofi Annan’s legacy will live on. He made a huge impact everywhere he was; and impacted everyone. His name was a brand and brought huge benefits to the University of Ghana. Rest in Perfect Peace,“ Stella A. Amoa, Director of Public Affairs, University of Ghana.
Kofi Annan was born within minutes of his twin sister, Efua Atta, on April 8, 1938 to Mr Henry Reginald Annan and Madam Rose Eshun, in Kumasi where he had his early education.
He attended the elite Mfantsipim School, a Methodist Boarding School from 1954 to 1957.
He joined the Kumasi College of Science and Technology in 1958 for a degree in Economics and then undertook Graduate Studies in Economics at the Institute Universitaire Desautes Studes Internationales in Geneva, Switzerland, from 1961 to 1962.
He served as the seventh Secretary-General of the United Nations and founded the Kofi Annan Foundation to continue with his dream for a better world when he retired.
Mr Kofi Annan and the UN were the co-recipients of the 2001 Nobel Peace Prize.
He died on 18th August, 2018 and was survived by his wife, Nane and three children.
He would be buried at the new Military Cemetery at Burma Camp, in Accra on Thursday, September 13.
Source: GNA
|
|||||
7733
|
dbpedia
|
3
| 69
|
https://blogs.reading.ac.uk/the-forum/2018/08/23/kofi-annan-his-legacy-is-not-perfect-but-he-helped-improve-millions-of-lives/
|
en
|
Kofi Annan: his legacy is not perfect, but he helped improve millions of lives
|
[
"https://blogs.reading.ac.uk/the-forum/wp-content/themes/misty-lake/images/header.jpg",
"https://blogs.reading.ac.uk/the-forum/files/2018/08/flag-3369978_640.jpg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] |
2018-08-23T00:00:00
|
en
|
https://blogs.reading.ac.uk/the-forum/2018/08/23/kofi-annan-his-legacy-is-not-perfect-but-he-helped-improve-millions-of-lives/
|
Reading’s Professor Rosa Freedman and Professor Aoife O’Donoghue of Durham University consider the legacy of the late former UN Secretary-General in a new post for The Conversation.
The passing of Kofi Annan, former United Nations Secretary-General and Nobel Peace Prize laureate, has been met with tributes from all around the world. His home country, Ghana, declared a week of national mourning.
Annan rose through the ranks of the UN to become the first black African to head the organisation, and his many achievements are rightly being celebrated. Under his tenure, human rights and development were put at the forefront of all UN work, ensuring that the organisation focused on all people in all parts of our global society. Courageously, he was also the first UN Secretary-General to recognise and condemn the UN’s disproportionate focus on Israel as a human rights violator compared to many other similar or worse offenders.
It is also right to remember that on his watch, the UN’s reputation was tarnished by two of its worst stains. He was head of UN peacekeeping at the time when genocides were perpetrated in Rwanda and the Former Republic of Yugoslavia while UN peacekeepers stood by and did nothing, and he was in charge of the UN during the oil-for-food scandal in Iraq.
But as a whole, Annan’s life and work will nonetheless be celebrated for a long time to come.
A life well lived
Kofi Annan was born on April 8 1938 in Kumasi, Ghana, which was, at the time, part of the British Empire and known as the Gold Coast. His family were traditional rulers and his father a provincial governor. Ghana’s independence was secured when Annan was in his final year of secondary school. He attended a national university, followed by studying in the United States on a Ford Foundation scholarship. After his studies, Annan took a job at the World Heath Organization and began his lifelong career at the UN.
There are many ways in which he changed and improved the world through his work at the UN, and indeed in the positions he took after his retirement. During his tenure as Secretary-General he reformed the UN’s human rights system, in particular by establishing the modern Human Rights Council. His commitment to ensuring development around the world and to establish the principle that no-one be left behind culminated in the Millennium Development Goals, the forerunner of today’s Sustainable Development Goals.
Annan focused intensely on peace and security, ensuring that UN member states accepted the Responsibility to Protect doctrine. This political mandate emphasises that the UN, and particularly its peacekeeping personnel, must prioritise protecting civilians in conflict and crisis zones. Its creation was a direct response to the UN’s failure to protect civilians in Rwanda and the Former Republic of Yugoslavia, where genocides, war crimes and crimes against humanity were perpetrated while peacekeepers stood and watched. At that time, Annan was Under-Secretary-General for peacekeeping, and it raised eyebrows when he was appointed Secretary-General immediately afterwards. He replaced Boutros Boutros-Ghali, who was not reappointed for a second term – in no small part because of the terrible failures under his leadership.
Annan further strengthened the role of the UN Secretary-General’s role in peacefully settling disputes and came close to securing a settlement in Cyprus. He spoke out against the invasion of Iraq in 2003. But as Secretary-General, he also oversaw the staff members at the heart of the oil-for-food scandal in Iraq, a scheme intended to get food and vital supplies to Iraqi citizens but which also fell prey to corruption on a grand scale. While he was cleared of direct involvement, questions continue to be asked as to what he knew and when, and whether he could and should have done more.
The good and the bad
All in all, this makes for a complicated biography. While his appointment as the first black African Secretary-General was undeniably a breakthrough moment for representation at the UN’s top echelons, he failed just as his predecessors did to bring about the long-promised parity of gender, ethnicity and class that the UN structure badly needs. And those failures – particularly to appoint more than a few women to senior roles – undermine the UN’s claim to uphold the obligation under its own Charter to represent “we the peoples”. Still, he did more than his predecessors or immediate successor, for example appointing Mary Robinson as High Commissioner for Human Rights and Edward Mortimer to assist with his UN reform agenda – an agenda far more wide-reaching than any before or since.
After retirement, Annan continued his work for the UN, including as Special Envoy on the Syrian crisis and Chair of the Advisory Commission on Rakhine State, Myanmar. This body played a major part in keeping the peace there in ways that seem tragically elusive today. He was also a member of the Elders, a group of senior people from around the world that has included Mary Robinson, Nelson Mandela, Ela Bhatt and Jimmy Carter, all of whom use their reputations to attempt to bring peace to troubled parts of the world.
Tributes are being paid to Annan from within the UN and from leaders and peoples around the world. As Secretary-General he used his platform to effect meaningful change for billions of people across the world. His was a life well lived, and his legacy will live on.
|
|||||||
7733
|
dbpedia
|
3
| 90
|
https://weatherhead.case.edu/executive-education/programs/new-change-equation/faculty
|
en
|
The New Change Equation
|
[
"https://www.facebook.com/tr?id=394461128132181&ev=PageView &noscript=1",
"https://www.facebook.com/tr?id=726162231226109&ev=PageView &noscript=1",
"https://weatherhead.case.edu/images/people/dlc6.webp",
"https://googleads.g.doubleclick.net/pagead/viewthroughconversion/957183870/?guid=ON&script=0"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
en
|
/assets/images/icons/sunburst-16.png
|
https://weatherhead.case.edu/executive-education/programs/new-change-equation/faculty
|
David Cooperrider, PhD
David L. Cooperrider, Ph.D., is a Distinguished University Professor at Case Western Reserve University and holds two chaired professorships: Char and Chuck Fowler Professor of Business as an Agent of World Benefit and the Covia - David L. Cooperrider Professorship in Appreciative Inquiry, both at the Weatherhead School of Management. David is the Founder and Faculty Director of the Fowler Center for Business as an Agent of World Benefit and is also the Honorary Chairman of Champlain College's David L. Cooperrider Center for Appreciative Inquiry at the Robert P. Stiller School of Business. Recently David was placed in the Organization Development field’s Hall of Fame and received "The Lifetime Achievement Award"--the highest honor in his field of Organization Development and the OD Network—for his work on Appreciative Inquiry for large group multi-stakeholder planning, and his advancement the concept of Business as an Agent of World Benefit” as the field’s North Star.
David is best known for his original theoretical articulation of "AI" or Appreciative Inquiry with his mentor Suresh Srivastva. Today AI's approach to strengths-inspired, instead of problematizing change, is being practiced everywhere: the corporate world, the world of public service, of economics, of education, of faith, of philanthropy, and social science scholarship-it is affecting them all. Jane Nelson, at Harvard's Kennedy School of Leadership, recently wrote “David Cooperrider is one of the outstanding scholar-practitioners of our generation.”
David has served as advisor to prominent leaders in business and society, including projects with five Presidents and/or Nobel Laureates such as William Jefferson Clinton, His Holiness the Dalai Lama, Kofi Annan, and Jimmy Carter. David advises a wide variety of corporations including Apple, Johnson & Johnson, Keurig Green Mountain Coffee Roasters, Verizon, Hunter Douglas, Cleveland Clinic, National Grid, Smuckers, Clarke, Fairmount Minerals, McKinsey, Parker, Dealer Tire, Webasto, and Wal-Mart as well as the Navy, Red Cross, United Way of America, USAID, United Nations, the UN Global Compact, and hundreds of international private voluntary organizations (the GEM project.) David is also a founding Board Member of the International Association of Positive Psychology, the Taos Institute, and a Fellow of the World Business Academy and International Academy of Management. Early in the growth of the UN’s Global Compact David was called upon by UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan to facilitate (using Appreciative Inquiry) the largest summit in history between business CEOs and leaders of government and civil society. It was one of the high point moments in David’s career and shifted the focus of his work to the discovery and design of positive institutions and a world of full-spectrum flourishing, that is “a world where businesses can excel, all people can thrive, and nature can flourish now and across the generations.”
David has published 26 books and authored over 100 articles and book chapters. He has served as editor of both the Journal of Corporate Citizenship with Ron Fry and the current academic research 4-volume series on Advances for Appreciative Inquiry, with Michel Avital. In 2010 David was honored with the Peter F. Drucker Distinguished Fellow award. David's books include Appreciative Inquiry: A Positive Revolution in Change (with Diana Whitney); The Organization Dimensions of Global Change (with Jane Dutton); Handbook of Transformative Cooperation (Stanford Press) Organizational Courage and Executive Wisdom (with Suresh Srivastva); and The Strengths-based Leadership Handbook (with Brun & Ejsing.) David's work has received numerous awards including Distinguished Contribution to Workplace Learning by ASTD; the Porter Award for Best writing in the field of Organization Development and the Aspen Institute Faculty Pioneer Award in the domain of Sustainable Development. In 2016 David was named as one of the nation's top thought leaders by Trust Across America, and honored as one of "AACSB's Most Influential Leaders in the Field of Management." He was recently named Distinguished University Professor at Case Western Reserve University.
In perhaps the highest recognition of his thought leadership, Champlain College's Stiller School of Business honored David’s impact with an academic center in his name. Opened in 2014 it is called the David L. Cooperrider Center for Appreciative Inquiry, and David serves as its Honorary Chair. For the center's dedication Professor Marty Seligman, the father of the positive psychology movement wrote: "David Cooperrider is a giant: a giant of discovery, a giant of dissemination, and a giant of generosity." Likewise, Jane Dutton, University of Michigan thought leader and former President of the Academy of Management said:
"David Cooperrider is changing the world with his ideas and who he is as a person. There are few who combine such insight, inspiration and energy."
David is the founder of the Global Forum for Business as an Agent of World Benefit—it was launched in partnership with the UN Global Compact and with the Academy of Management. David’s most recent book, co-authored with Audrey Selian and others, is called: The Business of Building a Better World: The Leadership Revolution That is Changing Everything.
Key websites:
https://weatherhead.case.edu/faculty/david-cooperrider
https://weatherhead.case.edu/news/2017/09/15/david-cooperrider-to-receive-
https://weatherhead.case.edu/centers/fowler/
|
||||||
7733
|
dbpedia
|
0
| 1
|
https://thereader.mitpress.mit.edu/kofi-annan-reflection-on-the-black-experience-at-mit/
|
en
|
Kofi Annan: Reflections on the Black Experience at MIT
|
[
"https://thereader.mitpress.mit.edu/wp-content/themes/ta/img/log.png",
"https://thereader.mitpress.mit.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/kofi-annan-700x420.jpg",
"https://thereader.mitpress.mit.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/reflections-series-idea.jpg",
"https://thereader.mitpress.mit.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/solomonhead-170x110.jpg",
"https://thereader.mitpress.mit.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/phillip-clay-170x110.jpg",
"https://thereader.mitpress.mit.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/obama-and-van-lee-170x110.jpg",
"https://thereader.mitpress.mit.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/rudd_lede_final-170x110.jpg",
"https://thereader.mitpress.mit.edu/wp-content/themes/ta/img/ft-logo.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
"Culture",
"MIT",
"Reflections"
] | null |
[
"The MIT Press Reader"
] |
2020-06-05T20:35:21+00:00
|
"I didn’t have a sense of inhibition that you shouldn’t even dare change things, because I lived it and I saw it happen."
|
en
|
/apple-touch-icon.png
|
The MIT Press Reader
|
https://thereader.mitpress.mit.edu/kofi-annan-reflection-on-the-black-experience-at-mit/
|
"I didn’t have a sense of inhibition that you shouldn’t even dare change things, because I lived it and I saw it happen."
The discussion featured below is edited and excerpted from an oral history interview conducted by Clarence G.Williams with Kofi A. Annan in New York City, 7 August 1997. It first appeared in the book “Technology and the Dream: Reflections on the Black Experience at MIT, 1941–1999” which is freely available for download here. Several interviews from the book have been made available on the MIT Press Reader as part of our Reflections series.
Kofi Annan was the seventh secretary-general of the United Nations and the first black African to lead the organization. In 2001, four years after this interview was recorded, Annan and the United Nations were jointly awarded the Nobel Peace Prize “for their work for a better organized and more peaceful world.” “Peace must be sought, above all,” Annan stated in his acceptance speech, “because it is the condition for every member of the human family to live a life of dignity and security.” Kofi Annan died in 2018 at the age of 80.
Both my parents died a few years ago, but at a ripe age of 91 for my father and 90 for my mother. My father worked in the commercial area, for a branch of UNILEVER — known as the United African Company, Ltd. — and he became one of the directors of the company in Ghana. He also came from a family where he could have chosen to be a chief if he wanted to. I have three sisters and a brother. I had a twin sister who unfortunately passed away five years ago. I have a brother here in the States, who is in business. My other sisters and nephews and nieces are in Ghana, but my late sister’s sons are studying here to give them a chance to prepare themselves for the future.
What was it like growing up in Ghana in the 1940s and ’50s? I was fortunate in that I grew up at a time when the struggle for independence was at its peak. As a young person, I witnessed that struggle and the discussion about independence, about the role of the British, and when the Ghanaians should take over. All of this took place around me at home, at school, and with friends. My father and friends were all very actively engaged in these discussions. I was also fortunate enough to see the success of that operation. So I grew up in an atmosphere where change was possible, all was possible — and you could do things. I didn’t have a sense of inhibition that you shouldn’t even dare change things, because I lived it and I saw it happen. I walked out with a feeling that change is possible; it can be done, however monumental. That was a wonderful feeling for me, for a young person to have.
I recall a particular incident. I was at boarding school, and one of our teachers came up and put a broad sheet of paper — three feet by three feet — on the board, with a little black dot in the right-hand corner. He said, “Boys, what do you see?” There were about 40 of us in the class. We all shouted in unison, “A black dot!” He stepped back and said, “So not a single one of you saw the broad white sheet of paper. You all saw the black dot. This is the awful thing about human nature. People never see the goodness of things and the broader picture. Don’t go through life with that attitude.”
I’ve never forgotten that lesson. We are constantly doing this. Reader’s Digest did two terrible series of articles about the UN, and I wrote to them using this example. I said, “The UN has a solid record of achievement, but you are focusing on the black dot. I believe your readers deserve a better Digest.” They never published the letter.
You studied at the University of Science and Technology in Kumasi. What were your career goals at that time, and what was the experience like there?
It was an exhilarating and exciting experience. There was a dynamic group of young people studying at the university immediately after independence. Again, that same spirit — “We are going to develop the country, we are going to change the world, we are going to change Africa. ”We were all very engaged. We studied hard. We formed some long-lasting friendships. We all had our dreams. Perhaps at that time my dream was to get a good education and then come back to work and help build an independent Ghana. I think this was also the spirit which motivated quite a lot of my fellow students in those days. Politically, we were highly aware. We were also conscious of the responsibility and the opportunities we had to be given a good education and, above all, the possibility of playing a role in rebuilding this newly independent country. Then I got a grant to come to the States. I ended up at Macalester College.
That was one of the next things I was going to ask you about. What was that education like at Macalester College in St. Paul? Were there any other African students there? Did any people there play a major role in your career?
Yes. In fact, I went to Macalester because I got a Ford Foundation grant. They had a program called the Foreign Student Leadership Project. Through that program, they brought foreign students who they considered had leadership ability to study in the States. They placed them in quite a lot of American universities. The students were from Africa and other continents, but mainly from the third world. I’m still in touch with some of them. They’ve gone on to do some very interest- ing things in their own countries.
I was the only African at Macalester at the time. The student population was about 1,600, and it hasn’t grown very much. It was also my first winter, so you can imagine for a tropical child that was really extraordinary.
Quite an experience.
Yes. I don’t know if you heard my story about earmuffs, which has become quite famous in Minnesota by now. I went to speak at the college and I told them of an experience I had as a student. As a tropical child, having to put on layers and layers of clothing to go through the winter was very cumbersome for me, but I decided it was necessary because you could feel the cold. But there was one item that I was determined not to use — earmuffs. I thought they were inelegant. I was not going to touch them, until one day I went out to get something to eat and my ears nearly froze. I went and got the biggest pair I could find. I came away with a lesson from that experience; that you don’t walk into a situation and pretend you know better than the natives. That lesson has also stayed with me. Look around you and listen to them. They know the environment better than you can.
The education at Macalester was good. We had some wonderful teachers — like Professor Mittau, who was very strong in government and had this sense that public service was the thing to do. They were able to bring in some fascinating leaders, people like Hubert Humphrey who had gone to school there. Walter Mondale and other politicians often came back to campus to speak and one could relate to them. Macalester was also one of the schools that flew the UN flag from the beginning. So there was a UN flag flying with others — incredible, right from the beginning. The school has now become very international, but it has always espoused an international approach and diversity.
Were your career plans firmed up by the time you left Macalester and headed for graduate work at the Institute of Higher International Studies in Geneva? Had you decided by then on working in the diplomatic service or some international agency?
Not at that time. In fact, I was interested in international affairs and what was happening in the world. I was very much engaged. But that summer — two summers, the summer before I graduated and the summer I graduated — I worked for Pillsbury in Minnesota and also here in New York, at 30 Rockefeller Plaza. At that time Pillsbury was thinking of opening a big factory in Ghana and producing flour and processing food. Since I had been quite interested in seeing my own country develop, I had the intention of joining them and working for them in Ghana. My boss, Bill Spoor, subsequently became the chairman of the company, but much later.
I went to Geneva with the understanding that I would do graduate studies and then join them. Whilst I was in Geneva, the deal fell through. At that time Ghana was going in the socialist direction and decided that Romania would build the factory for them, therefore they didn’t need Pillsbury, which had bought a plot of land and everything. Of course, the mill wasn’t built until years later.
So I studied in Geneva and had gone to work in Paris, when a friend sent me an advertisement that the World Health Organization was looking for someone. He thought I might be interested. I applied and joined the international system in Geneva. I started with the World Health Organization as administrative officer trainee. I thought I would do two years and then go home and help build Ghana. I still have that dream. One thing led to another. After a couple of years in Geneva with the World Health Organization, I was determined to go to Africa and make a contribution. They had two offices in Africa — Brazzaville, Congo, and Alexandria, Egypt. I asked them to assign me to one or the other so that I could make a contribution on the continent. They wouldn’t do it, so I resigned. I resigned and went to Ethiopia for six years to work for the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa. I worked in Ethiopia from 1965 to 1971. I did what I wanted to do, make a contribution to the continent. It was from Ethiopia that I came to the Sloan School at MIT.
How was that experience as a Sloan Fellow?
It was a unique experience and a very useful one. By the time I left Addis Ababa I had been doing lots of deep thinking and asking lots of questions, questions one would perhaps normally ask much later in life. I was in my early thirties. What am I about? Who am I? What am I doing? Where do I want to go and why? I really needed time to step back, to think, to reflect, and to do something. So I decided to take a year. I almost did it in 1970. I came to Sloan in 1971. I had been offered a place in 1970, but my boss said, “I need you. We’re going to do this ministerial conference for ministers of finance and industry for Africa in Tunis. You are one of the key people handling it and I cannot let you go, so give me another year.” So I asked MIT to postpone it for a year.
I came to MIT in 1971. It was very useful. There we were, a group of dynamic young people — each believing he was a leader, each believing he was born to lead or had achieved a lot, each determined to prove that he was the best. It was a very competitive atmosphere. Of course, one gets swept up in this. Everyone goes along. After about six weeks or so, I had to ask, “Well, what’s all this? Why do I have to do it their way?” So I went for a long walk along the Charles River. I decided, “I don’t have to get swept up in this frenetic attitude. I have to do it my way. I don’t need that. I should listen to my own inner drummer and do it my way.”
That sort of decision, that sort of inner compass that makes you do things at your own pace in your own way, also gives you considerable freedom and strength. It allows you to participate but also to stand back and observe. In the process, I learned a lot. I got to know these guys. We worked together. Quite a few of them came to the same conclusion, though it took some of them much longer. They began to relax. They began to have a bit more fun. I think you’d find they learned much more in that mode than in the earlier mode.
An aside. My wife and I have been host parents for African students for about 20 years. You remind us so much of a young man whom we actually became family to when he was a freshman. He just got his Ph.D. at MIT in electrical engineering.
What’s his name?
John Ofori-Tenkorang.
That’s very good. I met one of them when I was in Boston recently. Willard Johnson and I did something there. The student probably was one of the Ghanaian students.
In your commencement address at MIT, you talked a little bit about this kind of competitiveness you just spoke of. But do you recall, were there any people there who were influential for you? Or was it the atmosphere of the place that you remember the most?
You had the atmosphere, and there were a couple of my own fellows and also a couple of professors who were doing research and searching in direc- tions that interested me very much. I got to know Ed Schein and Lester Thurow quite well. Bill Pounds was there at that time and so was Peter Gil.
Yes, I know all of them very well.
I was quite interested in the work that Schein was doing in group dynamics and interpersonal dynamics, which was useful in getting one to understand one’s environment and one’s relationship to others. At the beginning I was quite shocked — well, shocked perhaps is too strong a word. I was surprised that these successful, macho, strong colleagues of mine were hesitant about getting into that sort of work. I recall one day a very interesting experience. We had had a discussion — I think we had a group of 40 or 44 — and I had proposed that we should do more work in this area of group and interpersonal dynamics, because in the final analysis it boils down to people’s problems. If you’re going to be dealing with people, you need to understand their relationships and how they impact others and how they impact you. I realized the group was very uncomfortable with that. So Ed Schein said, “Kofi has made a proposal. What do you think?” There was silence in the room. A hand went up and one fellow said, “Well, he’s got his answer; it’s loud and clear.” And Ed asked, “What was that?” He said, “Dead silence, that’s what we think of his proposal.”
There was an interesting English fellow in the group who was a friend of mine and who was also interested in this. He said, “Well, we can start with dreams. Everybody dreams. We would all like to understand that. Why can’t we start with dreams, for example?” And the fellow came back — the first fellow — and said, “What kind of dreams are you talking about, whilst you are asleep or whilst you are awake?” So my English friend shot back, “I don’t think it much matters since some of us don’t know when we are asleep and when we are awake.” So Ed said, “Why don’t you break up for ten minutes, talk among yourselves, and then come back — have coffee and come back.”
We broke, and I went to the coffee machine to get some coffee. These tough, big, successful guys walked up to me and said, “Look, Kofi, we have built up this system of life for ourselves and it works. Before you and Schein decide to mess around with it, you’d better decide what else you’re going to replace it with.” Then it came home to me how threatened they felt when such sensitive questions were asked, when certain things had to be confronted — Who are you? Who am I? Where am I? It can be quite unsettling. I think it is not a question that one can just ask. You need to perhaps get to a certain level of maturity and development for those things to come to you naturally. Maybe it cannot be imposed until one is ready. If you are not ready, it can be unsettling.
You attended universities — Macalester and MIT — during the civil rights movement. What was your impression of the civil rights movement? What was your impression of Martin Luther King, Jr., and other civil rights activists, as well as of their opponents?
I think it was an important era for this country in the 20th century. You had in Martin Luther King and other human rights leaders individuals who through their own leadership abilities were able to raise the national consciousness, who went beyond the plight of one group or another and basically indicated that as a nation, we were not doing what we committed ourselves to do under the Constitution, that we were not looking after the less fortunate in our midst, and that we needed to act. I think those who had chosen to ignore the problem, those who had not been sensitive or aware enough to act, or those who felt nothing could be done about it and therefore were resigned, were all motivated to confront the issue and try and do something.
So I thought it was very positive. In all periods of change of that kind, there are some excesses which come with the effort to bring about a change in the established order. But I had a great deal of admiration for Martin Luther King and other civil rights leaders, and also for leaders like Kennedy who were sensitive to the cries of these leaders. It takes two to tango. For somebody like me, having as I said grown up in pre-independent Ghana where the search and the struggle for freedom was the atmosphere or the environment, it was fascinating for me to be here at that time and see the changes that were being brought about.
You mentioned the time in Ghana as well. One of the things that are clear is that you interrupted your civil service career and worked for a few years in Ghana.
Yes, I did.
What was that like? These were in a way troubled times there.
Yes. It was part of that same dream to want to go back, to want to do something for the country. I went back. I left the UN and went back to Ghana as the managing director of the Ghana Tourist Development Company. It was a desire to serve. It had nothing to do with money or conditions of service. In fact, several of my friends and colleagues thought I was crazy. They said, “How can you quit the job you have and go home and take on something with a salary that is less than the rent you pay each month?” I said, “I think we should serve and I am going to try and do my best.”
It was a very fulfilling and exciting period, but at the same time frustrating — frustrating in the sense that the timing was perhaps not appropriate. But the mood of those in leadership, their sense of direction was still in the direction of socialism and determination to control what they called “commanding heights” of the national economy. They were more into control than creativity and getting the people to do things, energizing the people, getting individuals and groups to do things. In fact, some of the things I suggested we should do and they resisted have been done, but almost 15 years later. It was also a military regime at the time. We kept arguing and trying to explain to them. Of course, they were not used to that sort of discus- sion. They were used to giving orders, and I was not very good at taking orders. I felt we should be able to discuss issues and really do what was right for the country.
So I established some plans, developed some blueprints, and then told them that maybe what it took to get things done in that atmosphere were skills and talents that I didn’t have. I saw so much that could be done and so much that could be achieved with very little money, with just good organization and dedication. Most of the countries in Africa are suffering from the effects of accumulated mismanagement. There are talented people, there are resources, but they don’t always get the chance to do what they have to or what they want to. I think when we look around us, we see from the case of Japan or Malaysia or others that development is a question of people, not necessarily of natural resources. There are good people who have sometimes not been given a chance to do things. Unfortunately, there are also lots of talented people who are outside the country. We have to find some way of reversing that brain drain and getting them back home, getting them to go the other way.
I recall an incident during that period in Ghana. We had so much to do. I was working very long hours, at a rather fast pace. Once we were going to look at a site where we wanted to put a tourist village. We were walking very briskly and one of my assistants who was a bit slow was panting and trying to keep up with us. A friend stopped him and said, “Are you all right?You seem to be panting.” He said, “Oh, I’m okay. I have a new managing director who is so active and so dynamic — pushing us in all directions, wanting us to do everything straight away.” The fellow said, “Who is this?” I was within earshot, but he didn’t know. He added: “Where’d he come from?” My assistant said, “He just came from Geneva. He’s been here a week. He came from Geneva and he wants to do everything.” So the other one said, “Don’t worry, the heat will slow him down.”
The heat had nothing to do with it. In other words, their point was,“I’m not going to adapt and change to this new pace and all that. We’re going to slow him down and the heat is on our side.”
As a career diplomat, you have worked your way up through the ranks of the international civil service to hold important positions in the United Nations. What have you learned that you would pass on to young blacks worldwide who seek to be successful in careers such as yours?
My advice to them is to be disciplined, work hard, show good judgment, and over time develop that inner compass that steers you when it comes to the issue of what is right and what is wrong. They should listen to their own inner drummer, do it their way and not be buffeted by external forces. It can help you, it can hold you back, but in the final analysis it is always you, something internal — you and you alone. I know that sometimes some of us feel worried that we will be discriminated against, that we will not be accepted because of our color. I don’t think that should be a major preoccupation. I would want them to remember something Eleanor Roosevelt once said: “No one can make you feel inferior without your consent.” They should never give that consent. Others may have a problem, but they shouldn’t make it their problem. They should also try not to get too involved in office quarrels, struggles, and fights. Those things take too much out of one. They are negative forces. Yes, others around them may fight, but they should carry on with their work. Even when they are the targets they should take the high road. The others will tire, they will tire over time.
In March 1997, MIT hosted a conference on Africa attended by scholars and policy specialists. What do you see as the potential for institutions such as MIT to play in international affairs and specifically in furthering the kinds of goals emphasized by the United Nations under your leadership?
I think institutions like MIT have an important role to play in several ways — first, in identifying emerging issues, themes, and problems, in doing research on them to support the needs of society, and in exposing the issues and getting policymakers to think. It could be in the area of sustainable development, it could be the environment, it could be the issue of climatic change and global warming which everybody is now beginning to accept. But for a long time people were saying, “This is baloney, where is the proof?” These are areas where institutions like MIT can do a lot.
I would hope that in the education we give to the young — because we are preparing the leaders of the 21st century, they are our future — they will come to understand that the world today is an interdependent world, a global village. No one — whether you are a politician, a manager, or a local official — can afford to think in purely local terms. If you do, you are going to be a loser down the line. Today, we are dealing with problems that I call problems without passports and without boundaries, which no one country can resolve and which require international solutions. So if we can teach these young people about what lies beyond our borders, encourage them to learn foreign languages — which in effect means respect for other cultures and understanding of other cultures — they will grow up better prepared for the world in which they are going to live.
I would also hope that MIT can continue its research and work with engineers and scientists to find ways and means of making available the latest technologies — information technology and technological innovations — to help developing countries, and some of the least developed, to leap-frog some of the steps needed to develop their own region. We are now facing a situation where it’s not a question of the haves and the have-nots, but of technology-rich and technology-poor regions. When you don’t have the information, you don’t have the technology, and when you don’t have the education, the gap grows even wider. But the technology and information also give us opportunities to tackle some of these problems. I guess what I am saying is that the university should not become an ivory tower, it should work with society in search of solutions that have greatest impact on society and the common good. There are lots of ways that MIT can play a role.
|
||||
7733
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 31
|
https://faculty-senate.uiowa.edu/agendafacultycouncil032806attachment2c
|
en
|
agenda.faculty_council.03.28.06.attachment.2c
|
https://faculty-senate.uiowa.edu/profiles/custom/sitenow/assets/favicon.ico
|
https://faculty-senate.uiowa.edu/profiles/custom/sitenow/assets/favicon.ico
|
[] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
en
|
/profiles/custom/sitenow/assets/favicon.ico
|
Faculty Senate - The University of Iowa
|
https://faculty-senate.uiowa.edu/agendafacultycouncil032806attachment2c
|
Honorary Degrees
INDIANA UNIVERSITY
Commencement 2003
Samuel Hulbert
Doctor of Science, IU Bloomington
Biomedical Engineer and President, Rose Hulman Institute of Technology
Max Marsh
Doctor of Science, IU Bloomington
Pharmaceutical Researcher, Chemist and Pioneer
Herbert White
Doctor of Humane Letters, IU Bloomington
Library and Information Science Scholar, Educator and Writer
J. Herman Blake
Doctor of Humane Letters, IUPUI
University Educator, Administrator and Mentor
A’Leilia Bundles
Doctor of Human Letters, IUPUI
NBC and ABC Television News Producer, Author and Lecturer
Ting-Kai Li
Doctor of Science, IUPUI
Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Researcher and Federal Agency Director
Virgil Hunt
Doctor of Humane Letters, IU Kokomo
University Administrator, Mentor and Philanthropist
Barbara Warner
Doctor of Humane Letters, IU South Bend
Philanthropist, Volunteer and Advocate for the Arts
Commencement 2004
Judy O’Bannon
Doctor of Humane Letters, IU Bloomington
an historic preservationist, literacy advocate, international ambassador and volunteer.
Tavis Smiley
Doctor of Humane Letters, IU Kokomo
a PBS/NPR talk show host, author and philanthropist.
Lehman Adams
Doctor of Science, IUPUI
dentist, civil rights activist, volunteer
Jeffrey Gibney
Doctor of Humane Letters, IU South Bend
teacher, social activist, community developer
Ruth Lilly
Doctor of Humane Letters, IUPUI
Philanthropist
(has libraries at IU named after her)
Robert Wood Lynn
Doctor of Humane Letters, IUPUI
religious educator, scholar, administrator
Haydn Murray
Doctor of Science, IU Bloomington
geologist, IUB professor emeritus
Joseph Stiglitz
Doctor of Laws, IU Northwest
economist, adviser, Nobel Prize laureate
Peggy Thomson
Doctor of Humane Letters, IUPUI
philanthropist, volunteer
2005
Natsagiin Bagabandi, former president of Mongolia, will receive an honorary Doctor of Laws degree from Indiana University on Saturday (Dec. 17) in recognition of a decades-long relationship between the central Asian nation and the university.
Milton Cole
Business leader and CEO to receive Doctor of Laws degree [at May commencement]
OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY
Autumn 2005 Commencement
Judah Folkman, Doctor of Science
Jerome I. Friedman, Doctor of Science
Honorary doctorates were presented to Dr. Judah Folkman, a Columbus native and renowned medical researcher; and Jerome Friedman, Nobel laureate and professor of physics emeritus at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Summer 2005 Commencement
Frank M. Bass, Doctor of Business Administration
Roger O. McClellan, Doctor of Science
Grayce McVeigh Sills, Doctor of Public Service
Honorary doctorates were presented to Frank M. Bass, a leading scholar in marketing and brand evolution; Roger O. McClellan, an internationally recognized expert in the field of inhalation toxicology; and Grayce McVeigh Sills, professor emeritus of nursing at The Ohio State University College of Nursing and an internationally recognized leader in the field of psychiatric nursing.
Spring 2005 Commencement
Glen H. Elder, Doctor of Social Science
William H. Hall, Doctor of Public Service
Carl E. Wieman, Doctor of Science
Honorary doctorates were presented to Glen H. Elder, Jr., Doctor of Social Science; William H. Hall, Doctor of Public Service; Carl E. Wieman, Doctor of Science
Winter 2005 Commencement
Gerald E. Brown, Doctor of Science
Eugene C. Scott, Doctor of Science
(no info available…I’ll have to search through press releases)
Autumn 2004 Commencement
Edward J. Larson, Doctor of Humane Letters
Leon M. Lederman, Doctor of Science Education
M.S. Swaminathan, Doctor of Agricultural Science
Honorary doctorates will be presented to Edward J. Larson, Pulitzer Prize-winning professor of history and law at the University of Georgia; Leon M. Lederman, an internationally renowned specialist in high-energy physics; and M.S. Swaminathan, one of the world’s leading agricultural scientists.
Summer 2004 Commencement
Ernest M. Henley, Doctor of Science
Howard M. Johnson, Doctor of Science
Honorary doctorates will be presented to Ernest M. Henley, one of the most influential theoretical nuclear physicists in our time; and Howard M. Johnson, a three-time Ohio State graduate whose immunology research has played an important role in the use of interferon in the treatment of multiple sclerosis.
Spring 2004 Commencement
David W. Harvey, Doctor of Science
The honorary Doctor of Science degree will be presented to David W. Harvey, an internationally recognized geographer and social scientist.
Winter 2004 Commencement
Avery Cardinal Dulles, S.J., Doctor of Humane Letters
Durbin D. Feeling, Doctor of Humane Letters
Honorary Doctor of Human Letters degrees will be awarded to Avery Cardinal Dulles, S.J., the Laurence J. McGinley Professor of Religion and Society at Fordham University; and Durbin D. Feeling, who has devoted his professional life to the description, preservation, and teaching of the Cherokee language.
Autumn 2003 Commencment
Geradus 't Hooft, Doctor of Science
Nathaniel R. Jones, Doctor of Laws
Mark B. Rucker, Doctor of Music
Honorary doctorates will be presented to Geradus ‘t Hooft, Nobel laureate and professor of physics at the University of Htrecht in The Netherlands; Nathaniel R. Jones, a retired judge for the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit; and Mark B. Rucker, a baritone who has earned an international reputation as a performer in some of opera’s most challenging roles.
Summer 2003 Commencement
William F. Ganong, Doctor of Science
Dennis J. Greenland, Doctor of Science
(no info avail.—Need to search through press releases)
Spring 2003 Commencement
Robert D. Havener, Doctor of Public Service
Adrienne L. Kennedy, Doctor of Literature
Professor William E. Kirwan, Doctor of Education
R.E. "Ted" Turner, Doctor of Humane Letters
(no info avail.—Need to search through press releases)
UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA, CHAPEL HILL
Press Release: May 15, 2002
U.S. Sen. John R. Edwards of North Carolina, whom The Wall Street Journal has recognized as one who "impresses colleagues in behind-doors deliberations." Edwards, who grew up in Robbins and received a law degree with honors from UNC, will receive a doctor of laws degree.
Dr. Verne E. Chaney Jr., founder and president of the Thomas A. Dooley Foundation-INTERMED USA and INTERMED, Geneva, Switzerland. Chaney, who completed a residency in surgery at UNC and has received the UNC School of Medicine Distinguished Service Award, will receive a doctor of science degree.
Julian H. Robertson Jr., founder of Tiger Management Corp. Robertson, who received a bachelor’s degree in business administration from UNC and has received the UNC Board of Trustees’ William R. Davie Award, will receive a doctor of laws degree.
May 18, 2003 Commencement
William H. Cosby Jr., comedian, holder of three university degrees and a popular commencement speaker; doctor of laws degree.
Drew S. Days III, a law professor at Yale University, advocate of civil and human rights and former Solicitor General of the United States; doctor of laws degree.
Reynolds Price, an English professor at Duke University and author of more than 30 books, winner of a National Book Critics Circle Award and other honors; doctor of letters degree.
C.D. (Dick) Spangler Jr., a successful Charlotte businessman and president emeritus of the 16-campus University of North Carolina; doctor of laws degree.
May 9, 2004 Commencement
Julius L. Chambers, pioneering civil rights attorney, alumnus of UNC’s School of Law, director of UNC’s Center for Civil Rights and chancellor emeritus of North Carolina Central University; doctor of laws degree.
Dr. William A. Graham, dean of Harvard Divinity School, renowned religious scholar and author, and UNC alumnus and former Morehead Scholar; doctor of humane letters degree.
Maurice J. Koury, president of Carolina Hosiery, commercial developer, UNC alumnus and former trustee, and longtime supporter of the university’s academic and athletic programs; doctor of laws degree.
William O. McCoy, former interim UNC-Chapel Hill chancellor and UNC system vice president for finance, Carolina alumnus and longtime supporter, and former vice chairman of the board of BellSouth Corp; doctor of laws degree.
William F. Winter, former Mississippi legislator and governor, renowned advocate for social and political reform in the South, and lawyer; doctor of laws degree.
May 15, 2005 Commencement
The Rev. Peter Gomes, Plummer professor of Christian morals and Pusey minister in the Memorial Church of Harvard University, esteemed religious scholar, author and speaker; doctor of divinity degree.
Frank Borden Hanes, writer, philanthropist, UNC alumnus and supporter; doctor of humane letters degree.
Nannerl Overholser Keohane, fellow at Stanford University, former president of Duke University and Wellesley College, author and scholar of political philosophy; doctor of laws degree.
Anand Panyarachun, twice prime minister of Thailand, former ambassador to the United States and founding chairman of the Kenan Institute Asia; doctor of laws degree.
UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN
Press Release April 21, 2003 (regarding Spring 2003 Commencement)
Jennifer Granholm, Doctor of Laws
Governor of Michigan, first female governor of Michigan
Oleg Grabar, Doctor of Humane Letters
professor emeritus at the Princeton Institute for Advanced Studies
Judith Jamison, Doctor of Fine Arts
director of the Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater
Hillel Shuval, Doctor of Science
Lunenfeld-Kunen Professor of Environmental Sciences at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem
Dr. John Schwarz, Doctor of Laws
former Michigan state senator representing Battle Creek
Billy Taylor, Doctor of Music
jazz pianist and educator
Press Release November 24, 2003 (regarding Winter 2003 Commencement)
Thomas Miller, Doctor of Laws
U.S. ambassador to Greece, previously served in areas of conflict such as Bosnia; received bachelor's, master's and doctorate degrees in political science from U-M.,also a master's degree in Asian studies from U-M
Ann Lurie, Doctor of Laws
one of the Midwest's leading philanthropists
“…president of Lurie Investments, president and treasurer of the Ann and Robert H. Lurie Foundation, president of African Infectious Disease Village Clinics Inc., a U.S. charity that funds a clinic in rural Kenya; …supported construction of the Robert H. Lurie Engineering Center and the Ann and Robert H. Lurie Tower at U-M. Her late husband was a U-M alumnus…”
Leo Goodman, Doctor of Science
major contributions to statistical analysis, fundamentally transformed quantitative research methods in the social sciences, particularly sociology, by providing a set of interrelated statistical tools that enable researchers to examine qualitative/categorical data with scientific rigor
Press Release March 18, 2004 (regarding Spring 2004 Commencement)
David E. Davis Jr., Doctor of Humane Letters
founder and editor emeritus of Automobile Magazine, dubbed the "dean of America's automotive critics" by Time Magazine
Daniel Aaron, Doctor of Humane Letters
U-M alumnus '33, professor emeritus of American literature at Harvard University, and founder and director of the Library of America series
Julius Chambers, Doctor of Laws
U-M alumnus '59, director of the Civil Rights Center of the University of North Carolina Law School
William Nelson Joy, Doctor of Engineering
U-M alumnus '75, internet pioneer and co-founder of Sun Microsystems;
Helmut Stern, Doctor of Laws
industrialist, entrepreneur, philanthropist and humanitarian
“…president of Arcanum Corp., a company that conducts carbon research in an effort to clean the environment and allow the country to become more energy independent. He is also president of the Helmut Stern Foundation, which has made grants to a number of organizations in Michigan….”
Karen Uhlenbeck, Doctor of Science
U-M alumnus '64, the Sid W. Richardson Foundation Regents' Chair in Mathematics at the University of Texas at Austin
Press Release November 18, 2004 (regarding Winter 2004 Commencement)
Robert P. Moses, Doctor of Laws
Math teacher, civil rights leader, developed the Algebra Project
Elizabeth L. Eisenstein, Doctor of Humane Letters
Alice Freeman Palmer Professor of History at U-M, from 1975 until her retirement in 1988
Press Release March 17, 2005 (regarding Spring 2005 Commencement)
John Seely Brown, Doctor of Science
former chief scientist of Xerox Corp. and director of its Palo Alto Research Center
Henry W. Bloch, Doctor of Laws
founder of H&R Block, also a U-M alumnus
Mildred Dresselhaus, Doctor of Science
Physicist, Institute Professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology;
Bruce S. McEwen, Doctor of Science
Alfred E. Mirsky Professor, head of the Hatch Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology at The Rockefeller University
Margaret Ann (Ranny) Riecker, Doctor of Laws
philanthropist and longtime supporter of higher education and the education of women
“Perhaps best known for her foundation work, Margaret Ann (Ranny) Riecker has been for more than 40 years a trustee of both the Harry A. and Margaret D. Towsley Foundation (formed by her parents) and the Herbert H. and Grace A. Dow Foundation….”
Glenn E. "Bo" Schembechler, Doctor of Laws
former U-M football coach
Press Release November 21, 2005 (regarding Winter 2005 Commencement)
Freeman Dyson, Doctor of Science
professor emeritus of the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, N.J.; he has made extraordinary contributions to the field of quantum electrodynamics.
Sam Zell, Doctor of Laws
a U-M graduate and commercial real estate entrepreneur, along with
William Richardson, Doctor of Laws
former Johns Hopkins University President; now president of the W.K. Kellogg Foundation.
Elizabeth Catlett, Doctor of Fine Arts
American artist
“Catlett went on to graduate school at the University of Iowa where she conveyed the African-American experience through art. She married Mexican painter Francisco Mora, and became an advocate for social causes, depicting the conditions of Mexican life in her art. Because of her advocacy of a progressive social agenda, she was investigated by the House Committee on Un-American Activities in the 1950s. She became a Mexican citizen in 1962, while continuing to champion the Civil Rights Movement in the United States….”
UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON
2002
Lewis A. Barness, Doctor of Science
Pediatrician, pediatric researcher, teacher
Ruth Gruber, Doctor of Humane Letters
Journalist and human rights activist
John Harbison, Doctor of Fine Arts
World-renowned composer
Norman J. Latker, Doctor of Laws
Attorney, patent counsel, patent examiner
2003
Neuma F. de Aguiar, Doctor of Science
Sociologist, scholar of women and development issues
Carl J. Anderson, Doctor of Science
Computer engineer, scientist
Charlene Barshefsky, Doctor of Laws
Attorney, former U.S. trade representative
2004
George Archibald, Doctor of Science
Wildlife conservationist
André De Shields, Doctor of Fine Arts
Award-winning actor, mentor, UW-Madison alumnus (1970)
Florence Howe, Doctor of Humane Letters
Writer, scholar, founder of field of women's studies
Nancy Oestreich Lurie, Doctor of Humane Letters
Anthropologist, museum curator
June E. Osborn, Doctor of Science
Public health leader, educator, physician
Pleasant T. Rowland, Doctor of Humane Letters
Educator, author, philanthropist; founder of Pleasant Company, maker of American Girl Collection dolls; head of Pleasant T. Rowland Foundation, a charity for the arts and historical preservation
David S. Ruder, Doctor of Laws
Law professor, dean, public servant
2005
William C. Campbell, Doctor of Science
UW-Madison alumnus, researcher at Merck & Co. since 1957, developed Heartguard preventative heartworm medication for dogs
PRINCETON UNIVERSITY
Press Release June 4, 2002
Following is information on the degree recipients, along with the official citations (in italics):
Anthony S. Fauci, Doctor of Science
Research Scientist for HIV virus.
James A. Forbes, Jr., Doctor of Divinity
…fifth senior minister of The Riverside Church in New York City, becoming the first African-American to lead the largest multicultural congregation in the nation.
…Forbes has won recognition as one of the most effective and powerful preachers in the English-speaking world.
Terry Gross, Doctor of Humanities
…produced and hosted the National Public Radio program "Fresh Air."
Bernard Lewis, Doctor of Humane Letters
…Cleveland Dodge Professor of Near Eastern Studies, emeritus, at Princeton
…For more than a half-century the undisputed leader of Near Eastern studies worldwide…
Colin Lucas, Doctor of Laws
…vice-chancellor of the University of Oxford.
…A renowned historian of democratic politics and of the French revolution
Emily Mann, Doctor of Fine Arts
…an award-winning playwright and director.
…In addition to writing plays, screenplays, translations and adaptations and directing, she has taught in Princeton University's Program in Theater and Dance.
Cal Ripken, Jr., Doctor of Humanities
…career in baseball with the Baltimore Orioles
…We honor him for his legendary perfect attendance record: 2,632 straight games, eclipsing Lou Gehrig's record by more than 500, and for the excellence of his play: 19 times an all-star, twice his league's most valuable player. But more than that we honor the qualities that he epitomizes - dependability, perseverance, stamina, devotion to duty -- and his service to his community through programs dedicated to literacy, health, athletics and the arts. In his work with young people, on and off the diamond, he seeks to help them do what he has always done: apply as fully as possible the talents they were given.
Oprah Gail Winfrey, Doctor of Fine Arts
Film producer, actress, publisher, television icon, philanthropist, her roles have a seamlessness beyond their effervescent success. Each one reflects her insatiable curiosity, commitment to universal literacy and the rewards of knowledge, and her insistence on the boundless amelioration of the human spirit. The theme of her life and work represents the University's highest aspirations of education, opportunity and service.
Press Release June 3, 2003
The following is biographical information on the recipients and the official citations.
Natalie Zemon Davis, Doctor of Humane Letters
…From 1978 to 1996: a member of the faculty of Princeton University
…Her research activity and publications have centered on the social and cultural history of sixteenth-century France and early modern Europe.
Richard J. Goldstone, Doctor of Laws
…known internationally as one of the world’s experts on constitutional law, human rights and war crimes.
…In 1994, he was appointed to his current position as a justice on South Africa’s Constitutional Court. He served as chief prosecutor of the United Nations International Criminal Tribunals for Rwanda and the former Yugoslavia.
Claude M. Steele, Doctor of Humane Letters
…the Lucie Stern Professor in the Social Sciences at Stanford University, where he has been a professor of psychology since 1991. Steele has revolutionized the way social scientists think about prejudice and stereotypes. He has focused on the impact of group stereotypes on African Americans and women
Joan Argetsinger Steitz, Doctor of Science
Research Scientist; … She is internationally recognized for fundamental and pioneering contributions to understanding of the DNA of the genome of living organisms. Her research has implications for improved diagnosis and treatment of autoimmune diseases.
Lawrence H. Summers, Doctor of Laws
…former Secretary of the U.S. Treasury, assumed office as the 27th president of Harvard University on July 1, 2001.
…professor of economics at Harvard University
Press Release June 1, 2004
The following is biographical information on the recipients and the official citations.
Edward T. Cone, Doctor of Humane Letters
…a concert pianist, composer and author, joined Princeton's Department of Music as a faculty member in 1947. He taught music theory, history and composition until transferring to emeritus status in 1985. Cone is an undergraduate and graduate alumnus of Princeton.
Pablo Eisenberg, Doctor of Laws
…For 23 years, Eisenberg served as executive director of the Center for Community Change, one of the nation's most innovative and progressive advocacy organizations, working closely with low-income constituencies and organizing for social justice and civic engagement.
…A graduate of Princeton….
Charles Kuen Kao, Doctor of Science
…internationally known for his pioneering work in fiber optical research and the development of optical fiber transmission systems, which now serve as the backbone of all major communication routes in the world.
Nannerl O. Keohane, Doctor of Laws
…After a decade in office, Nannerl Keohane will step down this June as president of Duke University. She is Duke's first woman president and one of the first women to lead a major U.S. research university…
Robert P. Moses, Doctor of Laws
…Robert Moses left his teaching position at Horace Mann School in New York City in 1961 to join the civil rights movement in Mississippi.
…he returned to teaching and developed the concept and curriculum for the Algebra Project, which has helped tens of thousands of students in urban and rural school districts develop essential mathematical skills.
Press Release May 31, 2005
The following is biographical information on the recipients and the official citations.
John Bogle, Doctor of Laws
…a 1951 Princeton graduate and a pioneer of the mutual funds industry, created Vanguard Capital Management in 1974
…In 1951, as an idealistic economics major, he proposed in his senior thesis the then-revolutionary concept of an efficient and economical mutual fund run primarily for the benefit of the investor. Known as a pioneer of index fund investing, he is an unrelenting crusader against high fees and hidden costs and an outspoken advocate for intelligent investing. Honesty is an integral element of his management strategy, reflecting his precept that character counts, in investing as in other walks of life. We honor him today for over half a century of making sure that the individual investor's interest remains always in the vanguard.
Anne d'Harnoncourt, Doctor of Laws
…George D. Widener Director of the Philadelphia Museum of Art since 1982 and as both director and chief executive officer of the museum since 1997.
…Under her leadership for nearly a quarter-century, the Philadelphia Museum of Art has grown in scope, accessibility and influence, a model in illuminating the history and power of human creativity. A scholar of undisputed stature and a commanding presence among her peers, she is, in the broadest sense of the word, a curator of the arts. Fostering outreach and education, she sees museums not as places where art is confined, but as places where art engages, enlightens and inspires -- helping us to picture our past, and begin to sculpt our future.
J. Lionel Gossman, Doctor of Humanities
…A member of Princeton's faculty since 1976,… Department of French and Italian. His scholarship and teaching interests focus on the relationship between European history and literature in the period from the 17th to the 19th centuries -- especially on questions, as he has put it, of "humanistic education as it is and as it should be."
Yo-Yo Ma, Doctor of Music
…Award-winning cellist Yo-Yo Ma has earned a distinguished international reputation as an ambassador for music and its vital role in society. He is known for his exploration of music as a means of communication and as a vehicle for the migration of ideas across a range of cultures throughout the world. Ma established the Silk Road Project to promote the study of the cultural, artistic and intellectual traditions along the ancient Silk Road trade route that stretched from the Mediterranean Sea to the Pacific Ocean. The project produces programs in partnership with organizations such as the Smithsonian Institution.
Vera Rubin, Doctor of Science
…an observational astronomer looking at the spectra, or light signatures, of galaxies to determine their motions.
Wole Soyinka, Doctor of Humane Letters
…Nigerian playwright, poet, novelist and political rights activist Wole Soyinka was awarded the Nobel Prize in literature in 1986 -- the first African to receive this honor -- as a writer "who, in a wide cultural perspective and with poetic overtones, fashions the drama of existence."
YALE
Press Release May 29, 2003
Robert Louis Bernstein (Doctor of Humane Letters), publisher and human rights activist, who has devoted his life to the active defense of freedom of expression and to the protection of victims of injustice and abuse throughout the worldSydney Brenner (Doctor of Science) is Distinguished Research Professor at the Salk Institute in La Jolla, California, and a pioneer in the field of genetics. His research, including the co-discovery of messenger RNA, has contributed to advancements in the knowledge of the structure and functions of genes. In recognition of this work, he was awarded a Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2002. Brenner was born and educated in South Africa, earning a bachelor's degree in medicine and a master's degree in medical biology from the University of Witwatersrand in Johannesburg. Following graduation, he embarked on a path of independent research in areas related to molecular biology. He soon decided to pursue additional study and moved to Oxford University, where he earned his D.Phil. in 1954. After a brief tenure at his alma mater in Johannesburg, he was appointed to the staff of the Medical Research Council's Laboratory of Molecular Biology at Cambridge. Brenner served as Director of the Unit of Molecular Genetics at Cambridge from 1986 to 1992. After retiring as head of the Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Brenner founded the Molecular Sciences Institute in Berkeley, California, where he served as Director until 2001. He continues his research through his affiliation with the Salk Institute.
William H. Cosby Jr. (Doctor of Humane Letters), the internationally known actor and entertainer famous for his starring role in "The Cosby Show," is also one of the country's strong advocates for education, children, and the support of African-American art and artists. Widely respected as a child advocate and humanitarian, he has used his talents and public renown to call attention to the needs of children. He is active in civil rights causes and is a strong advocate of the power of education, contributing generously to colleges and universities, especially those whose student bodies are predominantly African-American. His philanthropic ventures include the formation of a major national center to support the work of African-American women and gifts to support the creation and preservation of African-American art.
John Hart Ely (Doctor of Laws) is a professor and legal scholar. His seminal contributions to the field of constitutional law are counted among the most influential legal writings of the second half of the twentieth century. Ely graduated from Princeton University in 1960 with a bachelor's degree. He went on to law school at Yale, where he completed his degree in 1963.
Anthony S. Fauci, M.D. (Doctor of Medical Sciences) is a physician who has been a leader in the fight against acquired immune deficiency syndrome, commonly known as AIDS. He currently serves as Director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) and Chief of the Laboratory of Immunoregulation at the National Institutes of Health.
Norman Foster (Doctor of Fine Arts) is an architect of international renown whose buildings marry technology and strong design elements, while respecting environmental concerns. Following his Yale education, Foster founded the Team 4 architectural practice in 1963, and then, in 1967, opened Foster Associates in London, now known as Foster and PartnersHe is a Royal Designer for Industry, a Fellow of the Chartered Society of Designers, and an Honorary Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering.
Ruth Bader Ginsburg (Doctor of Laws), Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, has been instrumental in promoting the law's recognition of women's full citizenship stature. …she was honored by the American Bar Association in 1999 with the Thurgood Marshall Award for her efforts to advance gender equality and human rights.
David Hartman (Doctor of Divinity) is one of the leading Jewish theologians of our time. A rabbi, philosopher, and internationally known author, he is the founder and Director of the Shalom Hartman Institute in Jerusalem.
Nell Irvin Painter (Doctor of Letters), Edwards Professor of American History at Princeton University, has worked throughout her career to include the experiences of African Americans, women, and the working class as vital parts of U.S. history. …She came to Princeton in 1988, where she has also served as Director of the Program in African-American Studies.
Krzysztof Penderecki (Doctor of Music) is a composer and conductor whose work has stretched the boundaries of music, bringing new expression to contemporary and ancient themes. His compositions have been inspired by the horror of the Holocaust as well as by classical sacred texts and liturgies.
Amartya Kumar Sen (Doctor of Social Science), an economist and philosopher, received the Nobel Prize in Economics in 1998 for his contributions to welfare economics and social choice theory, and related to that, the causation and remedy of poverty and famine. …He has served as President of the American Economic Association, the Indian Economic Association, the International Economic Association, and the Econometric Society.
May 2004
Jan Assmann
DOCTOR OF SOCIAL SCIENCE
Jan Assmann, a leading scholar of Egyptology and archaeology, is a professor of Egyptology at the University of Heidelberg. His work has been widely recognized for its interdisciplinary approach, drawing on history, psychology, theology, linguistics, and cultural theory to construct new interpretations.
David Baltimore
DOCTOR OF SCIENCE
David Baltimore, recipient of the Nobel Prize in 1975, is one of the most influential biologists of his generation, accomplished in science, research, teaching, and administration. He currently serves as president of the California Institute of Technology, one of the country's leading research universities…. An early advocate of federal AIDS research, Baltimore co-chaired the 1986 National Academy of Sciences' Committee on a National Strategy for AIDS and was appointed in 1996 to head the National Institutes of Health AIDS Vaccine Research Committee.
Bernard Fisher
DOCTOR OF MEDICAL SCIENCES
Bernard Fisher is a scientist whose work has transformed the treatment of breast cancer. He is a founding member, past chairman, and scientific director of the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP), a federally funded program that has conducted numerous breast cancer research studies that have yielded seminal findings in the treatment of the disease.
Lee Friedlander
DOCTOR OF FINE ARTS
Lee Friedlander is one of the leading photographers of our time. A prolific and influential artist, he began his career in the 1950s and continues to chronicle life as an astute and creative observer. Friedlander has been honored with three Guggenhiem Fellowships, in 1960, 1961, and 1977; two National Endowment for the Arts Fellowships, in 1972 and 1977; the medal of the city of Paris, in 1981; and a John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation Award. He has also published more than twenty books.
Nannerl O. Keohane
DOCTOR OF HUMANE LETTERS
Nannerl O. Keohane will be stepping down next month after eleven years of service as the eighth president of Duke University. Prior to coming to Duke, she was president of Wellesley College. Keohane is a professor and scholar of political science and plans to return to teaching and research.
Wangari Maathai
DOCTOR OF HUMANE LETTERS
Wangari Muta Maathai is internationally recognized for her persistent work for democracy, human rights, and environmental issues. As the founder of the Green Belt Movement in Kenya in 1977, she has helped transform the physical environment, and as a member of the Kenyan Parliament and Deputy Minister for Environment, Natural Resources, and Wildlife, she is shaping the political environment as well.
Willie Mays
DOCTOR OF HUMANE LETTERS
Willie Mays is considered one of the greatest baseball players ever. During 22 seasons of major league play, he set a new standard for all-around excellence and versatility, demonstrating ability in hitting, power hitting, running, throwing, and fielding. … Mays serves on the State Board of Directors of the California African American Museum and continues to be involved with the Giants as special assistant to the president.
Tom Wolfe
DOCTOR OF LETTERS
Tom Wolfe is an award-winning writer of both nonfiction and novels, and is an accomplished journalist. He is widely acclaimed for his role in creating what has come to be known as the "New Journalism."
Press Release May 23, 2005
Jacqueline K. Barton
DOCTOR OF SCIENCE
Jacqueline K. Barton is the Arthur and Marian Hanisch Memorial Professor of Chemistry at the California Institute of Technology. A role model for women in the sciences, she is particularly interested in biophysical and inorganic chemistry. Her research has yielded new techniques for use in studies of dna by focusing on the dynamics of dna structure and the effects of chemical damage.
Robert P. DeVecchi '52 B.A.
DOCTOR OF HUMANE LETTERS
Robert P. DeVecchi is president emeritus of the International Rescue Committee. His career over more than thirty-five years has been devoted to the humanitarian needs of refugees and displaced persons around the world…..he completed his undergraduate education at Yale in 1952, then served for two years on active duty with the United States Air Force and in 1956 received an M.B.A. from Harvard University.
William H. Foege
DOCTOR OF MEDICAL SCIENCES
William H. Foege is an epidemiologist who has been a leading force in improving public health around the world. He was instrumental in the worldwide campaign to eradicate smallpox, and he continues to be an advocate for global health as Emeritus Presidential Distinguished Professor of International Health at Emory University and as a Gates Fellow.
David Hockney
DOCTOR OF FINE ARTS
David Hockney is a master painter and draftsman widely recognized as well for his work as a printmaker, photographer, and stage designer. He has focused on the importance of the human figure, either present or implied, with the result that his art has often been characterized as "narrative." He is also the author of several books, most recently Secret Knowledge: Rediscovering the Lost Techniques of the Old Masters…..Mr. Hockney was awarded the gold medal for drawing from the Royal Academy of Art, the Kodak photography book award (1984), first prize from the International Center ofPhotography in New York (1985), and prizes in numerous international exhibitions. A major retrospective of his work, organized by the Los Angeles County Museum of Art in 1988, traveled to the Metropolitan Museum of Art and the Tate Gallery, London.
Mamphela Ramphele
DOCTOR OF HUMANE LETTERS
Mamphela A. Ramphele is a leading South African activist. She has a distinguished career in education, medicine, and community development and is widely recognized for her pioneering efforts on behalf of black South Africans during and after apartheid. She now chairs Circle Capital Ventures, a Cape Town-based company focused on growing companies and investing in people.
Paul A. Samuelson
DOCTOR OF SOCIAL SCIENCES
Paul A. Samuelson is a Nobel laureate economist and Institute Professor Emeritus at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology
...Awarded the Nobel Prize in Economics in 1970
…economic adviser to the presidential administrations of John F. Kennedy and Lyndon Johnson,
Bryan A. Stevenson
DOCTOR OF LAWS
Bryan A. Stevenson is founder and executive director of the Equal Justice Initiative of Alabama and a professor at the New York University School of Law. His career has been devoted to providing legal representation to those on the margins of society: indigent defendants, death-row prisoners, and juveniles who have been denied fair and just treatment in the legal system.
Andrew J. Wiles
DOCTOR OF SCIENCE
Andrew J. Wiles, Eugene Higgins Professor of Mathematics at Princeton University, has become widely known following his solution of one of the great challenges in math: proving Fermat's last theorem.
HARVARD
Press Release June 5, 2003
Gary S. Becker
Doctor of Laws
Gary S. Becker won the Nobel Prize for Economic Science in 1992 for his work on economics associated with important social problems. He is a University Professor in the Departments of both Economics and Sociology at the University of Chicago. He has been a senior fellow at the Hoover Institution since 1990.
Elliot Forbes
Doctor of Music
Elliot Forbes is the Fanny Peabody Professor of Music Emeritus at Harvard University, former chairman of the Department of Music, and former conductor of the Harvard Glee Club.
Norman C. Francis
Doctor of Laws
Norman C. Francis was the first African-American president of Xavier University in New Orleans, the only black and Catholic university in the Western Hemisphere…. Francis served as an adviser to five U.S. presidents…. Throughout his career, Francis has provided leadership for civil rights, educational, civic, and religious organizations. He is a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and holds honorary degrees from 22 (now 23) institutions of higher education.
Ellsworth Kelly
Doctor of Arts
Ellsworth Kelly made his mark on modern art by becoming the anti-Picasso…. While Picasso and others of his generation sought to impose their vision on the world through personal style and imagery, Kelly sought to efface himself, appropriating abstract designs from the natural world or discovering them through accident or chance. …He has had major exhibitions at the Museum of Modern Art, the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the Whitney Museum of American Art, and the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum.
Mary-Claire King
Doctor of Science
Mary-Claire King's discovery in 1990 that inherited breast cancer was caused by a mutation on a single gene revolutionized the study of cancer and opened up new lines of research. King's breakthrough came about as the result of 15 years of studying the genetics of more than 1,000 women of Eastern European Jewish background, a group with a higher than normal incidence of the disease.
Donald E. Knuth
Doctor of Science
Donald E. Knuth is a computer-programming superstar. His three-volume magnum opus "The Art of Computer Programming" (he is now working on volume four) has sold more than a million copies and has been translated into Chinese, Japanese, Russian, and Hungarian.
Linda Nochlin
Doctor of Letters
Art historian Linda Nochlin is the Lila Acheson Wallace Professor of Modern Art at New York University's (NYU) Institute of Fine Arts. She specializes in the art of the 19th and 20th centuries, particularly in the work of Gustave Courbet and the Impressionists, and the representation of women and the work of women artists. Her book "Woman as Sex Object: Studies in Erotic Art, 1730-1970," published in 1972, introduced a feminist perspective to the field of art history and criticism.
Philip Roth
Doctor of Letters
The prolific, sometimes controversial author Philip Roth is best known for fiction that depicts the middle-class American Jewish experience with humor and sarcasm as well as sympathy and depth.
Robert G. Stone Jr.
Doctor of Humane Letters
Robert Stone, an energy and shipping executive and private venture capital investor, was a member of the Harvard Corporation for 27 years, serving as Senior Fellow of the University's executive governing board from 1995 until June 2002. Stone served as national chair of the $2.6 billion University Campaign in the 1990s and as co-chair of its predecessor, the $358 million Harvard Campaign. He chaired the search committee that selected President Lawrence H. Summers.
P. Roy Vagelos
Doctor of Laws
P. Roy Vagelos served as chief executive officer of Merck & Co. Inc. for nine years and as chairman of the health products giant's board of directors for eight, ending with his retirement in 1994.
Ernesto Zedillo Ponce de Leon
Doctor of Laws
Ernesto Zedillo served as president of Mexico for six years and then oversaw the transfer of power after 71 years of rule by Mexico's Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI).
Press Release June 10, 2004
Kofi Annan
Doctor of Laws
…the seventh secretary-general of the United Nations and the first to be elected from the ranks of UN staff…. On Dec. 10, 2001, the secretary-general and the United Nations received the Nobel Peace Prize.
Margaret E. Atwood
Doctor of Letters
…an acclaimed and award-winning writer of poetry, criticism, short fiction, and novels.
J. Michael Bishop
Doctor of Science
J. Michel Bishop, University Professor and Chancellor at the University of California, San Francisco, shared the 1989 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. He won it with Harold Varmus for their work on cancer genetics.
The Hon. Robert L. Carter
Doctor of Laws
Fifty years ago, U.S. District Judge Robert L. Carter was part of the team of NAACP lawyers who argued the landmark school desegregation case, Brown v. Board of Education, before the U.S. Supreme Court.
Suzanne Farrell
Doctor of Arts
Born in 1945, in a suburb of Cincinnati and raised by a devoted single mother who moved the family to New York City so that her three daughters would have a chance to excel in the arts, Suzanne Farrell became a star of the New York City Ballet while still a teenager.
Daniel Kahneman
Doctor of Laws
Daniel Kahneman is Princeton University's Eugene Higgins Professor of Psychology and Professor of Public Affairs at the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs.
Sir Frank Kermode
Doctor of Letters
Frank Kermode is generally regarded as one of the most important and influential British literary critics of the second half of the 20th century.
Shirley M. Tilghman
Doctor of Laws
Pioneering genetics researcher Shirley M. Tilghman was named Princeton University's 19th president in 2001.
Edward O. Wilson
Doctor of Science
Edward Osborne Wilson is the Pellegrino University Professor Emeritus and honorary curator in entomology at Harvard University, where he has studied and worked for the past 53 years.
Press Release June 9, 2005
Mary Ellen Avery
Doctor of Science
… received the National Medal of Science in 1991 for her discovery of the cause of respiratory distress syndrome in premature infants and in devising a strategy to prevent and treat the ailment.
… She has written numerous books and has authored more than 100 scientific publications, most dealing with respiratory disorders of newborn infants.
David Baltimore
Doctor of Science
One of the world's most distinguished and influential biologists, David Baltimore has been the president of California Institute of Technology since 1997. He shared the Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine in 1975 for pioneering research on viruses, which has contributed to the understanding of AIDS, cancer, and the basis of human immune responses to disease.
Caroline Walker Bynum
Doctor of Laws
…a scholar of medieval history and religious thought whose work explores the concept of divine incarnation in its many permutations and implications.
D. Ronald Daniel
Doctor of Laws
… stepped down as Harvard's treasurer in June 2004 after 15 years in the post.
… Daniel is a director of McKinsey & Company Inc., having spent 12 years as managing partner, ending in 1988. He has been a management consultant for 47 years, with a particular emphasis on corporate strategy, development, and top management organization.
John Lithgow
Doctor of Arts
To call John Lithgow a star of stage, screen, and television is to sell him short, since he is also the author of five books for children and one for adults and recently made his debut as a dancer with the New York City Ballet. A committed advocate for the humanities, Lithgow has worked on numerous projects for public TV and radio. In 2000, he participated in the White House Conference on Culture and Diplomacy. He has also been involved in raising funds for various outreach and educational programs over the years, and has shown a particular interest in children and literacy; his poem "I Need a Good Book" was a feature of National Children's Book Week in 2004.
Quentin Skinner
Doctor of Laws
Quentin Skinner, recipient of an honorary doctor of laws degree, is Regius Professor of Modern History and pro-vice-chancellor of the University of Cambridge. He is an influential voice in the intellectual history of political thought and is well known for his work "The Foundations of Modern Political Thought."
Charles M. Vest
Doctor of Laws
Charles M. Vest is president emeritus of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and a member of the institute's mechanical engineering faculty. He served as 15th president of MIT from 1990 to 2004. During that time, his priorities included building a stronger international dimension into education and research, developing better relations with industry, enhancing racial and cultural diversity within MIT, and rebuilding public understanding and support of higher education and research.
|
|||
7733
|
dbpedia
|
3
| 53
|
https://africanscholarshiphub.org/node/966
|
en
|
Akinlolu Ayo-Vaughan
|
[
"https://africanscholarshiphub.org/themes/essa-theme-2018/assets/img/icons/essa-scholarship-logo.svg",
"https://africanscholarshiphub.org/themes/essa-theme-2018/assets/img/icons/essa-scholarship-logo.svg",
"https://africanscholarshiphub.org/themes/essa-theme-2018/assets/img/icons/logo-Schaufler-Foundation.svg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
Success Story Ayo-Vaughan Akinlolu
|
en
|
/themes/essa-theme-2018/favicon.ico
|
https://africanscholarshiphub.org/node/966
|
My name is Ayo-Vaughan Akinlolu , I am 28 years old, from Ogun state south-west Nigeria. I studied mechanical engineering at Covenant University in Nigeria, before I started my Master’s in Business Management here at ESMT (The European School of Management and Technology) in Berlin.
What were your experiences of studying in Nigeria?
In Nigeria studying mechanical engineering it is a bit more theoretical than practical. There is a lot more in class learning of the theory of what is being done and the concept, rather than going to the application of it. That is for me, if I want to contrast studying in Nigeria against my MBA here, there is a lot more emphasis on not just understanding where things are from, but the application of them and how they can be used in real situations with real businesses cases that we use a lot of. Against just understanding ‘this is a machine, this is the history of it, these are the calculations around it.’
It is a more business oriented and focused approach of learning which is a breath of fresh air, so you aren’t just looking at the concepts for the sake of concepts. That’s one of the main differences with education here and back home in Nigeria.
How easy was it for you to research scholarships?
To answer that question, I have to talk about something else – I have a younger sister who attended ESMT, she did the Master’s Business Management programme a few years ago. In directly she was helpful in the research, I was looking at getting into an MBA, maybe not now I was thinking about it in a few years from now. She had called me and told me a lot about the programme, about ESMT, then about the Kofi Annan scholarship and what it takes to come here. Once I knew about the scholarship it was easier to do the research. Then I had to be careful about – is the programme, both ESMT’s programme and the scholarship, match me as an individual? Scholarships also tend to look for different profiles, do I match the profile they are looking for? So, I had to take a few weeks and months to research not just the Kofi Annan scholarship but all the scholarships' available as I knew that just because my sister had informed me about the scholarship it didn’t mean I would be able to come here. It took a bit of time and I had to do some research, but it wasn’t too hard with the use of the internet.
What inspired you to look for a scholarship?
The inspiration was more education – obviously there is the natural benefit of getting financial help. Getting an MBA anyway isn’t cheap but getting a scholarship that allows you to not worry about finances because the Kofi Annan scholarship not only covers tuition, but it also gives you monthly stipend that allows you to not worry about your monthly expenses while you are studying. The combination of those two things eased a lot of financial stress from me. That was one major inspiration for me to get a scholarship, the other things is the recognition. I know there is a pool of people that would apply for scholarship of this nature. To be able to stand out from the rest and get a scholarship that allows me to come and study in this way, looking at what the Kofi Annan scholarship was really looking at, was a big inspiration for me seeing that it did not just target Africa but a number of regions across the world. To still be shortlisted among the few people that got it was recognition for me to show me that a lot of things I had been pushing in my work – academically and non-academically – had been coming to recognition.
What advice would you give to younger students who are about to start researching for a scholarship?
When it comes to advice for younger students who want to get a scholarship; the one thing I tend to let them know is, because I do get this question from time to time is – don't just research to get a scholarship for the sake of getting a scholarship. Scholarship organisations know what they are looking for and the candidates they are looking for. Search for the programme you want to do that really talks about what you want to do in the future and then look for scholarships that match – be it nationality, be in background, be it your social interaction you have done before, be it leadership, - there are usually scholarships which are more tailored to what you are looking for. Applying to scholarships for the sake of scholarships is not really going to help. The first advice would be – know what you want, find scholarships that agree with your personality and then schools that can also support you to achieve what you aspire to do in the future.
What is your experience of studying at a university outside of sub-Saharan Africa?
My experience of studying outside of SSA has really been mainly about the international mix. One of the main reasons I wanted to come to ESMT is that over 90% of the class is international. That is different countries, my MBA class is 52 people with close to 20 nationalities. It allows me to not just have experience from one particular background, but I can talk to people from South America, Asia, North America and see how their experiences mix with what I am doing. Traditionally back home you have people from the same area of Nigeria, or Nigeria as a whole. There is a certain commonality of ideology. Being here allows me to tap into ideologies and experiences of people from different backgrounds. The second thing is the professors that we have under the faculty here. There is a lot of emphasis on having top tier faculty and professors, using real life business cases to be able to teach the concept they are looking at. It is not just the theory of things but also the practical of ok, this theory that we have talked about was applied by this person in this context. Then we can look at it from that particular perspective which makes it more tangible. Those two things are very much contrasting when it comes to studying outside of SSA.
What are your aspirations for the future?
|
|||||
7733
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 8
|
https://www.linkedin.com/posts/delaneykerkhof_a-few-weeks-ago-i-graduated-with-an-mba-from-activity-7209299867800670209-slc3
|
en
|
Delaney Kerkhof on LinkedIn: A few weeks ago I graduated with an MBA from the MIT Sloan School of…
|
https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/D5622AQGww1yV3kgs0A/feedshare-shrink_2048_1536/feedshare-shrink_2048_1536/0/1718831028876?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=DYT_h4GILWOFEkjxTSUQmCoOaIHMMWcLRcrj60R5d4U
|
https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/D5622AQGww1yV3kgs0A/feedshare-shrink_2048_1536/feedshare-shrink_2048_1536/0/1718831028876?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=DYT_h4GILWOFEkjxTSUQmCoOaIHMMWcLRcrj60R5d4U
|
[
"https://media.licdn.com/dms/image/v2/C4E16AQEJq_DbelaCNw/profile-displaybackgroundimage-shrink_200_800/profile-displaybackgroundimage-shrink_200_800/0/1516951772146?e=2147483647&v=beta&t=j8yGsUQgihSLABClvK-pNE1k0QV2WYNbQHbGPgGQ0XA"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Delaney Kerkhof"
] |
2024-06-19T21:03:50.775000+00:00
|
A few weeks ago I graduated with an MBA from the MIT Sloan School of Management. The last two years have been a period of focused personal and professional… | 37 comments on LinkedIn
|
en
|
https://static.licdn.com/aero-v1/sc/h/al2o9zrvru7aqj8e1x2rzsrca
|
https://www.linkedin.com/posts/delaneykerkhof_a-few-weeks-ago-i-graduated-with-an-mba-from-activity-7209299867800670209-slc3
|
How MIT Sloan Got Its Name: The Real Story Behind the Naming Did you happen to know? The MIT Sloan School of Management owes its name to the Sloan Programs (MIT Sloan Fellows MBA/MS, Stanford Sloan MSx and LBS Sloan MSc), not vice versa. Here’s how it happened: In the early 20th century, Alfred P. Sloan, the legendary leader of General Motors, faced a significant challenge: his engineers needed more managerial skills. To address this, Sloan collaborated with MIT’s Erwin H. Schell to create the 1st* university-based full-time executive education program in 1931, the Sloan Fellows Program. Sloan's vision continued. Recognizing the broader need for management education, he endowed MIT with $5.25 million through the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, which led to the establishment of the MIT Sloan School of Management in 1952. So next time someone mentions the MIT Sloan School of Management, remember: it’s named after the groundbreaking Sloan Programs, of which the very first was created at MIT to turn GM engineers into top-tier managers. MiM programs are for graduate students to set sail for their careers, Full-time MBA programs are for junior management career transitions, and Executive MBA programs are mainly for accelerations to mid-level management posts. The Sloan programs have multiple purposes but are mainly for mid-to-senior leadership preparations. By Alfred P. Sloan’s design back in 1930, MIT Sloan aims to prepare mid-career engineering managers for senior positions. The Stanford Sloan MSx program is designed for experienced emerging leaders transitioning to mid-level roles, particularly in technology and entrepreneurship. The LBS Sloan program is targeted at senior executives looking to accelerate into senior management team and C-suite roles, as well as other top management positions such as Board of Directors, non-executive directors, and senior advisors. * The world's first part-time Executive MBA was launched at the University of Chicago in 1943, while the full-time Sloan Fellows began teaching in 1931. #ManagementHistory #BusinessEducation #Leadership #Innovation #MIT #GM #SloanPrograms #MBA #EMBA #ExecutiveMBA #ExecutiveEducation #SloanFellows #ManagementEducation #LBS #Stanford #MIT Stanford University Stanford University Graduate School of Business London Business School
Here is a day in the life of MIT, the #1 ranked school in the world according to the 2024 QS World University Rankings. The MIT Sloan School of Management is ranked number 3 according to the 2023-2024 US News Rankings and number 11 according to the 2023 Financial Times Rankings. Fun Fact 2 - Did you know that Kofi Annan, former Secretary-General of the United Nations, and Indira Nooyi, former CEO of PepsiCo both attended MIT Sloan? Another fun fact is that we've successfully helped clients get into MIT’s business school, MIT Sloan School of Management with scholarships and similar top business schools. If you want to get into MIT Sloan or other top business schools abroad, our MBA online course is now available. Click http://bit.ly/47VHyQ6 to get the EARLY BIRD at a reduced price. #scholarships #mba #studyabroad
These last three months at Northwestern University - Kellogg School of Management were the perfect complement after the Sofaer Global MBA at Tel Aviv University. I used this quarter to delve more into Product Management, and to gain new perspectives in Organizational Strategy, two areas that I hope to combine in future endeavors and projects. Kellogg's 'high-impact, low-ego' mantra, its focus on fostering teamwork and its lively atmosphere were some of the reasons I landed here. And expectations were highly exceeded. I was offered the whole range of MBA courses to participate, and I think I could not have made better choices than the ones I made. This was possible thanks to the amazing professors I had. Birju Shah, Niko Matouschek, Michal Maimaran, Craig Wortmann, Jodi Glickman, Paul Leinwand, Cesare R. Mainardi, each of you contributed from your own fields to broaden my knowledge, and that is something I will always be grateful for. With this picture in one of study rooms after my final exam, I mark the completion of my MBA journey. Now, let's get back to business.
Excited to share that I've officially graduated with my MBA from the D'Amore-McKim School of Business at Northeastern University! I am grateful for the invaluable lessons, experiences, and connections that have fueled my journey. Excited to embark on the next chapter with a newfound perspective and determination! Key Learnings: --Differentiated between management and leadership, understanding the essence of effective guidance. --Embraced the importance of seeking assistance when faced with challenges. --Leveraged data-driven insights to inform strategic decision-making. --Cultivated a robust network, recognizing its significance in personal and professional growth. --Strategic thinking through analyzing complex business situations, anticipating future trends, and developing proactive strategies to achieve organizational objectives through case analyses --Entrepreneurial mindset through a proactive approach to problem-solving, a willingness to take calculated risks, and an unwavering commitment to innovation and growth. Global Perspective: --Immersed myself in two enriching International Field Study Programs in Mexico City, Mexico, and Santiago, Chile, where I honed my skills in crafting global expansion strategies and consulting with diverse industries. Professional Milestones: --Secured a 6-Month Strategic Insights Co-op at Werfen, where I led cross-departmental initiatives, developed tools for the venture capital arm, and spearheaded an impactful internal marketing campaign. Leadership Journey: --Joined as a founding member and led as President of the Graduate Female Leaders Club, fostering empowerment and growth within our community. --Proudly represented D’Amore-McKim School of Business for AACSB Accreditation, ensuring our commitment to excellence. --Contributed as one of three MBA members on the Graduate Career Center Advisory Board, guiding fellow students towards their professional aspirations. --Engaged as a mentee in the Graduate Mentor Program, learning from seasoned professionals and sharing insights with peers. Reflecting on this journey, I'm grateful for the incredible experiences and accomplishments that have shaped my growth.
|
|||
7733
|
dbpedia
|
3
| 12
|
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-44412275
|
en
|
Kofi Annan: Former UN chief and Nobel Peace Prize laureate
|
[
"https://www.bbc.com/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png",
"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/240/cpsprodpb/11A52/production/_101947227_gettyimages-890475934.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/320/cpsprodpb/11A52/production/_101947227_gettyimages-890475934.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/480/cpsprodpb/11A52/production/_101947227_gettyimages-890475934.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/640/cpsprodpb/11A52/production/_101947227_gettyimages-890475934.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/800/cpsprodpb/11A52/production/_101947227_gettyimages-890475934.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/1024/cpsprodpb/11A52/production/_101947227_gettyimages-890475934.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/1536/cpsprodpb/11A52/production/_101947227_gettyimages-890475934.jpg.webp 1536w",
"https://www.bbc.com/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png",
"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/240/cpsprodpb/138AF/production/_103074008_annan.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/320/cpsprodpb/138AF/production/_103074008_annan.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/480/cpsprodpb/138AF/production/_103074008_annan.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/640/cpsprodpb/138AF/production/_103074008_annan.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/800/cpsprodpb/138AF/production/_103074008_annan.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/1024/cpsprodpb/138AF/production/_103074008_annan.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/1536/cpsprodpb/138AF/production/_103074008_annan.jpg.webp 1536w",
"https://www.bbc.com/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png",
"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/240/cpsprodpb/604B/production/_97415642_007_in_numbers_624.png.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/320/cpsprodpb/604B/production/_97415642_007_in_numbers_624.png.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/480/cpsprodpb/604B/production/_97415642_007_in_numbers_624.png.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/640/cpsprodpb/604B/production/_97415642_007_in_numbers_624.png.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/800/cpsprodpb/604B/production/_97415642_007_in_numbers_624.png.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/1024/cpsprodpb/604B/production/_97415642_007_in_numbers_624.png.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/1536/cpsprodpb/604B/production/_97415642_007_in_numbers_624.png.webp 1536w",
"https://www.bbc.com/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png",
"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/240/cpsprodpb/1172E/production/_102207417_e2d4a015-8dd1-4102-b655-92a165ced5ed.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/320/cpsprodpb/1172E/production/_102207417_e2d4a015-8dd1-4102-b655-92a165ced5ed.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/480/cpsprodpb/1172E/production/_102207417_e2d4a015-8dd1-4102-b655-92a165ced5ed.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/640/cpsprodpb/1172E/production/_102207417_e2d4a015-8dd1-4102-b655-92a165ced5ed.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/800/cpsprodpb/1172E/production/_102207417_e2d4a015-8dd1-4102-b655-92a165ced5ed.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/1024/cpsprodpb/1172E/production/_102207417_e2d4a015-8dd1-4102-b655-92a165ced5ed.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/1536/cpsprodpb/1172E/production/_102207417_e2d4a015-8dd1-4102-b655-92a165ced5ed.jpg.webp 1536w",
"https://www.bbc.com/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png",
"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/240/cpsprodpb/16989/production/_101935529_hi021676332.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/320/cpsprodpb/16989/production/_101935529_hi021676332.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/480/cpsprodpb/16989/production/_101935529_hi021676332.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/640/cpsprodpb/16989/production/_101935529_hi021676332.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/800/cpsprodpb/16989/production/_101935529_hi021676332.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/1024/cpsprodpb/16989/production/_101935529_hi021676332.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/1536/cpsprodpb/16989/production/_101935529_hi021676332.jpg.webp 1536w",
"https://www.bbc.com/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png",
"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/624/mcs/media/images/76020000/jpg/_76020974_line976.jpg",
"https://www.bbc.com/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png",
"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/624/mcs/media/images/76020000/jpg/_76020974_line976.jpg",
"https://www.bbc.com/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png",
"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/240/cpsprodpb/1761D/production/_101937759_gettyimages-510666742.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/320/cpsprodpb/1761D/production/_101937759_gettyimages-510666742.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/480/cpsprodpb/1761D/production/_101937759_gettyimages-510666742.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/640/cpsprodpb/1761D/production/_101937759_gettyimages-510666742.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/800/cpsprodpb/1761D/production/_101937759_gettyimages-510666742.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/1024/cpsprodpb/1761D/production/_101937759_gettyimages-510666742.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/1536/cpsprodpb/1761D/production/_101937759_gettyimages-510666742.jpg.webp 1536w",
"https://www.bbc.com/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png",
"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/240/cpsprodpb/10301/production/_98950366_presentational_grey_line464-nc.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/320/cpsprodpb/10301/production/_98950366_presentational_grey_line464-nc.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/480/cpsprodpb/10301/production/_98950366_presentational_grey_line464-nc.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/640/cpsprodpb/10301/production/_98950366_presentational_grey_line464-nc.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/800/cpsprodpb/10301/production/_98950366_presentational_grey_line464-nc.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/1024/cpsprodpb/10301/production/_98950366_presentational_grey_line464-nc.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/1536/cpsprodpb/10301/production/_98950366_presentational_grey_line464-nc.jpg.webp 1536w",
"https://www.bbc.com/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png",
"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/240/cpsprodpb/10301/production/_98950366_presentational_grey_line464-nc.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/320/cpsprodpb/10301/production/_98950366_presentational_grey_line464-nc.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/480/cpsprodpb/10301/production/_98950366_presentational_grey_line464-nc.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/640/cpsprodpb/10301/production/_98950366_presentational_grey_line464-nc.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/800/cpsprodpb/10301/production/_98950366_presentational_grey_line464-nc.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/1024/cpsprodpb/10301/production/_98950366_presentational_grey_line464-nc.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/1536/cpsprodpb/10301/production/_98950366_presentational_grey_line464-nc.jpg.webp 1536w",
"https://www.bbc.com/bbcx/grey-placeholder.png",
"https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/240/cpsprodpb/11B69/production/_101935527_gettyimages-167758004.jpg.webp 240w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/320/cpsprodpb/11B69/production/_101935527_gettyimages-167758004.jpg.webp 320w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/480/cpsprodpb/11B69/production/_101935527_gettyimages-167758004.jpg.webp 480w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/640/cpsprodpb/11B69/production/_101935527_gettyimages-167758004.jpg.webp 640w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/800/cpsprodpb/11B69/production/_101935527_gettyimages-167758004.jpg.webp 800w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/1024/cpsprodpb/11B69/production/_101935527_gettyimages-167758004.jpg.webp 1024w,https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/1536/cpsprodpb/11B69/production/_101935527_gettyimages-167758004.jpg.webp 1536w"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"BBC News"
] |
2018-08-18T09:43:57+00:00
|
The former UN Secretary General was the first black African to lead the international body.
|
en
|
/bbcx/apple-touch-icon.png
|
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-44412275
|
It was at his elite boarding school in West Africa that Kofi Annan - the man who would later become the world's top diplomat - learnt one of his most important lessons.
It was, he said later, "that suffering anywhere concerns people everywhere".
The idea seems to have inspired Annan throughout a life which saw him play a key role in the crises which have shaped the world, from the HIV/Aids pandemic, to the Iraq War and, latterly, climate change.
His humanitarian work would win him a Nobel Peace Prize, but it would also win him a raft of critics.
Annan, the first black African to lead the United Nations, would nonetheless became one of the most enduring and recognised diplomats in modern history.
Changing times
Kofi Atta Annan and his sister, Efua Atta, were born in the city of Kumasi in what was then Gold Coast in April 1938. The twins' first names meant "born on a Friday" in Akan, while their shared middle name means "twin".
He grew up in a wealthy family - his grandfathers were traditional leaders, while his father became a provincial governor - in a country still under British rule.
Then, two days before the future diplomat turned 19, the country finally won its independence, becoming Ghana.
The impact on Annan's later life cannot be underestimated.
"I walked away as a young man convinced that change is possible, even radical revolutionary change," Annan told a group in Canada in 2012.
After studying at university, first in the newly liberated Ghana, followed by Macalester College in the US, he got his first job with the UN.
The position - a budget officer with the World Health Organization (WHO) - gave no hint as to the career he was to have over the next four decades, culminating in 1997 when he was elected secretary-general.
But before he got there, he would face one of the biggest scandals of his career.
By 1993, Annan had risen to the post of under secretary-general and head of peacekeeping.
Genocide
The next year, up to 800,000 ethnic Tutsis and moderate Hutus were massacred in 100 days in Rwanda.
Then, in 1995, up to 8,000 Muslims were executed by Serbian forces in a so-called UN safe area in Bosnia.
In both cases, Annan and his department came under fire - especially after it emerged that his department had largely ignored information that had been passed to them, warning that the Rwandan genocide was being planned.
On the 10th anniversary of the genocide, Annan acknowledged his shortcomings.
"I myself, as head of the UN's peacekeeping department at the time, pressed dozens of countries for troops," he said in 2004. "I believed at that time that I was doing my best.
"But I realised after the genocide that there was more that I could, and should, have done to sound the alarm and rally support. This painful memory, along with that of Bosnia and Herzegovina, has influenced much of my thinking, and many of my actions, as secretary-general."
Despite this, in 1997, at the age of 59, Annan would succeed Boutros Boutros-Ghali as UN secretary-general.
Conflict
Annan had inherited an organisation which, after 52 years, was on the brink of bankruptcy.
He set about reforming the institution, cutting 1,000 jobs out of 6,000 positions at the New York headquarters, while also trying to convince reluctant member states to take responsibility for the world's many tragedies.
Annan also got the US to pay a backlog of debt it owed the UN.
When Kofi Annan spoke to the BBC
He also turned his attention to the future, establishing the Millennium Goals - an ambitious set of priorities to meet by 2015, from halving extreme poverty rates to halting the spread of HIV/Aids.
But it was not an easy job.
"I used to say the letters SG do not stand for secretary-general, they stand for scapegoat," he told the BBC.
In 2001, Annan and the UN were awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. The citation lauded Annan, the second UN Secretary General to be given the prize, as someone who had brought "new life to the organisation".
The same year, he was unanimously re-elected for a second term.
But trouble was just around the corner.
Scandal
In 2003, the US - one of Annan's biggest supporters - announced its intention to go to war in Iraq. In the end, the US bypassed the UN and invaded Iraq with a voluntary coalition.
This drove a wedge between Annan and the superpower. Speaking about the invasion, he later told the BBC: "From our point of view and from the charter point of view, it was illegal."
This new divide between Annan and the US caused him problems after the "oil for food scandal", which emerged in 2004, implicated the secretary-general, both professionally and personally.
Kofi Annan: Key dates
1938: Born in Kumasi, now Ghana's second city
1962: Starts working at the United Nations in Geneva, Switzerland
1965: Weds Titi Alakija. They have two children, a boy and a girl
1984: Marries Nane Lagergren, having divorced a year earlier
1991: Twin sister Efua dies
1993: Becomes head of peacekeeping operations
1997: Appointed seventh Secretary-General of the United Nations
2001: Wins Nobel Peace Prize
2006: Steps down as secretary-general after 10 years
2012: Becomes UN/Arab League Joint Special Envoy on the Syrian crisis
2013: Made chair of The Elders, a peace and human rights advocacy group
2016: Leads the Advisory Commission on Rakhine State, Myanmar
The programme, which was started in 1996 to sell limited quantities of oil from sanction-hit Iraq in return for humanitarian supplies, had been subverted by some of those involved, including businesses, UN officials, international politicians and diplomats.
But more problematic was the fact Annan's only son, Kojo, had received payments from a company, which was contracted to monitor the programme.
An inquiry the next year cleared him of having used improper influence on behalf of his son, but did find failings in how he had overseen the programme.
In the US, politicians called for his resignation. His reply? "Hell, no."
Retirement
But 18 months later, in December 2006, he did step down. Now almost 70, it was an age when most people would be glad to put their feet up.
He and his second wife, Swedish lawyer Nane Marie Lagergren, who married in 1984, decided to escape to Italy for a six-week break.
According to The Guardian, after just a week he was bored and decided to venture out to buy a newspaper - only to be surrounded by a gaggle of men wanting his autograph.
Unfortunately, they had mistaken him for US actor Morgan Freeman. Not wanting to let them down, he signed Mr Freeman's name and fled.
Perhaps the speed with which he became bored was an indicator of what was to come: he set up the Kofi Annan Foundation, which promotes global sustainable development, security and peace, in 2007.
The next year, Annan was appointed the chair of the Elders, a group started by South Africa's Nelson Mandela, which brings together former world leaders to work together for peace and human rights.
In 2016, following a request from Myanmar's de facto leader Aung San Suu Kyi, he became head of an independent commission investigating the Rohingya crisis in her country.
He continued to be vocal on issues like climate change, and an open critic of "macho leaders who believe they have to shine".
|
|||||
7733
|
dbpedia
|
0
| 10
|
https://humanists.international/2008/12/portray-of-the-month-kofi-atta-annan/
|
en
|
Portray of the month: Kofi Atta Annan
|
[
"https://www.facebook.com/tr?id=657827501757532&ev=PageView&noscript=1",
"https://humanists.international/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/small-mono-300x300.png",
"https://humanists.international/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/candid-seal-gold-2023.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"andy"
] |
2008-12-01T17:35:00+00:00
|
Kofi Atta Annan, born in 1938 is a Ghanaian diplomat who served as the seventh Secretary-General of the United Nations from 1 January 1997 to 1 January 2007. Annan and the United Nations were the co-recipients of the 2001 Nobel Peace Prize. Kofi Annan was born in the Kofandros section […]
|
en
|
Humanists International
|
https://humanists.international/2008/12/portray-of-the-month-kofi-atta-annan/
|
Kofi Atta Annan, born in 1938 is a Ghanaian diplomat who served as the seventh Secretary-General of the United Nations from 1 January 1997 to 1 January 2007. Annan and the United Nations were the co-recipients of the 2001 Nobel Peace Prize.
Kofi Annan was born in the Kofandros section of Kumasi, Ghana. Annan’s family was part of the country’s elite; both of his grandfathers and his uncle were tribal chiefs.
Annan has said that the school taught him “that suffering anywhere concerns people everywhere”.
In 1958, Annan began studying for a degree in economics, received a Ford Foundation grant, enabling him to complete his undergraduate studies at Macalester College in St. Paul, Minnesota, United States, in 1961. Annan then did a DEA degree in International Relations at the Graduate Institute of International Studies in Geneva, Switzerland, from 1961–62, later attending the MIT Sloan School of Management (1971–72) Sloan Fellows program and receiving a Master of Science (M.S.) degree from the MIT Sloan School of Management.
Early career
In 1962, Annan started working as a Budget Officer for the World Health Organization, an agency of the United Nations. In the 70s he worked as the Director of Tourism in Ghana. Annan then returned to work for the United Nations as an Assistant Secretary-General in three consecutive positions: Human Resources Management and Security Coordinator (1987-1990); Program Planning, Budget and Finance, and Controller, (1990 to 1992); and Peacekeeping Operations, (1993 – 1994).
Secretary-General of the United Nations
Appointment
On 13 December 1996, Annan was recommended by the United Nations Security Council to replace the previous Secretary-General, dr. Boutros-Ghali of Egypt, whose second term faced the veto of the United States. He was confirmed four days later by the vote of the General Assembly, and he started his first term as Secretary-General on 1 January 1997.
Some activities
In April 2001, he issued a five-point “Call to Action” to address the HIV/AIDS pandemic. As Secretary-General, Annan saw this pandemic as a “personal priority” and proposed the establishment of a Global AIDS and Health Fund in an attempt to stimulate the increased spending needed to help developing countries confront the HIV/AIDS crisis.
On 10 December 2001, Annan and the United Nations were jointly awarded the Nobel Peace Prize, “for their work for a better organized and more peaceful world”.
During the build-up to the 2003 invasion of Iraq, Annan called on the United States and the United Kingdom not to invade without the support of the United Nations. In a September 2004 interview on the BBC, Annan was asked about the legal authority for the invasion, and responded, “from our point of view, from the charter point of view it was illegal.”
Annan supported sending a UN peacekeeping mission to Darfur, Sudan, and worked with the government of Sudan to accept a transfer of power from the African Union peacekeeping mission to a UN one. Annan also worked with several Arab and Muslim countries on women’s rights and other topics.
Recommendations for UN reform
After years of research, Annan presented a progress report, In Larger Freedom, to the UN General Assembly, on 21 March 2005. Annan recommended Security Council expansion and a host of other UN reforms.
On 31 January 2006, Kofi Annan outlined his vision for a comprehensive and extensive reform of the UN in a policy speech to the United Nations Association UK. The speech, delivered at Central Hall, Westminster, also marked the 60th Anniversary of the first meetings of the UN General Assembly and UN Security Council.
On 7 March 2006, he presented to the General Assembly his proposals for a fundamental overhaul of the United Nations Secretariat. The reform report is entitled: “Investing in the United Nations, For a Stronger Organization Worldwide“.
Post-UN career
Upon his return to Ghana, Annan was immediately suggested as a candidate to become the country’s next head of state. He has become involved with several organizations with both global and African focuses. In 2007, Annan was named chairman of the prize committee for the Mo Ibrahim Prize for Achievement in African Leadership, was chosen to lead the new formation of Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa (AGRA), became a member of the Global Elders, was appointed president of the Global Humanitarian Forum in Geneva, and was selected for the MacArthur Foundation Award for International Justice.
In the beginning of 2008, as head of the Panel of Eminent African Personalities, Annan participated in the negotiations to end the civil unrest in Kenya. He threatened to leave the negotiations as mediator if a quick decision was not made.
On 26 February 2008 he suspended talks to end Kenya’s violent post-election crisis. On 28 February, Annan managed to have President Mwai Kibaki and Raila Odinga sign a coalition government agreement and was widely lauded by many Kenyans for this landmark achievement. That was the best deal achieved then under the mediation efforts.
Annan currently serves on the board of directors of the United Nations Foundation, a public charity created in 1998 with entrepreneur and philanthropist Ted Turner’s historic $1 billion gift to support UN causes. The UN Foundation builds and implements public-private partnerships to address the world’s most pressing problems, and broadens support for the UN.
Annan is a member of the Africa Progress Panel (APP), an independent authority on Africa launched in April 2007 to focus world leaders’ attention on delivering their commitments to the continent. The Panel launched a major report in London on Monday 16 June 2008 entitled Africa’s Development: Promises and Prospects.
Kofi Annan was appointed the Chancellor of the University of Ghana in 2008.
Honours
Free University of Berlin, doctor honoris causa, 13 July 2001
Nobel Foundation, The Nobel Peace Prize, jointly presented to Kofi Annan and the United Nations, 2001
Honorary Knighthood from Queen Elizabeth II (GCMG), 2007.[30]
MacArthur Foundation, MacArthur Award for International Justice
King’s College London, Doctor of Laws, honoris causa, 28 May 2008
Peace of Westphalia Prize 2008
…
|
|||||
7733
|
dbpedia
|
3
| 45
|
https://www.mansfield.ox.ac.uk/study-here/postgraduate/graduate-scholarships/the-kofi-annan-scholarships/
|
en
|
The Kofi Annan Scholarships
|
[
"https://www.mansfield.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/themes/mansfield/assets/img/logo/logo-landscape-colour.svg",
"https://www.mansfield.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/themes/mansfield/assets/img/logo/logo-landscape-colour.svg",
"https://www.mansfield.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Kofi-Annan-scholars-10.11.23-by-Nicholas-Posner-22-1-2100x1538.jpg",
"https://www.mansfield.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Summer-Session-2017-Greg-Smolonski-c-Photovibe-104-2100x1400.jpg 2100w, https://www.mansfield.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Summer-Session-2017-Greg-Smolonski-c-Photovibe-104-640x427.jpg 640w, https://www.mansfield.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Summer-Session-2017-Greg-Smolonski-c-Photovibe-104-400x267.jpg 400w, https://www.mansfield.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Summer-Session-2017-Greg-Smolonski-c-Photovibe-104-1280x853.jpg 1280w",
"https://www.mansfield.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Summer-Session-2017-Greg-Smolonski-c-Photovibe-104-2100x1400.jpg",
"https://www.mansfield.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Summer-VIIIs-2022-courtesy-of-Charlotte-Withyman-MCBC-President.jpg 2000w, https://www.mansfield.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Summer-VIIIs-2022-courtesy-of-Charlotte-Withyman-MCBC-President-640x427.jpg 640w, https://www.mansfield.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Summer-VIIIs-2022-courtesy-of-Charlotte-Withyman-MCBC-President-400x267.jpg 400w, https://www.mansfield.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Summer-VIIIs-2022-courtesy-of-Charlotte-Withyman-MCBC-President-1280x853.jpg 1280w",
"https://www.mansfield.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Summer-VIIIs-2022-courtesy-of-Charlotte-Withyman-MCBC-President.jpg",
"https://www.mansfield.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/MCol_15_126_0.jpg 1235w, https://www.mansfield.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/MCol_15_126_0-640x301.jpg 640w, https://www.mansfield.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/MCol_15_126_0-400x188.jpg 400w",
"https://www.mansfield.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/MCol_15_126_0.jpg",
"https://www.mansfield.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/themes/mansfield/assets/img/logo/logo-portrait--white.svg",
"https://www.mansfield.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/themes/mansfield/assets/img/logo/logo-portrait--white.svg",
"https://www.mansfield.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/themes/mansfield/assets/img/logo/universityOfOxford.gif",
"https://www.mansfield.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/themes/mansfield/assets/img/logo/universityOfOxford.gif",
"https://www.mansfield.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/crest-white.svg",
"https://www.mansfield.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/crest-white.svg",
"https://www.mansfield.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/arch-white.svg",
"https://www.mansfield.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/arch-white.svg",
"https://www.mansfield.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/flower-white.svg",
"https://www.mansfield.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/flower-white.svg",
"https://www.mansfield.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/door-way-white.svg",
"https://www.mansfield.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/door-way-white.svg",
"https://www.mansfield.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/candle-white.svg",
"https://www.mansfield.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/candle-white.svg",
"https://www.mansfield.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/tower-white.svg",
"https://www.mansfield.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/tower-white.svg",
"https://www.mansfield.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/crest-white.svg",
"https://www.mansfield.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/crest-white.svg",
"https://www.mansfield.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/arch-white.svg",
"https://www.mansfield.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/arch-white.svg",
"https://www.mansfield.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/flower-white.svg",
"https://www.mansfield.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/flower-white.svg",
"https://www.mansfield.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/door-way-white.svg",
"https://www.mansfield.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/door-way-white.svg",
"https://www.mansfield.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/candle-white.svg",
"https://www.mansfield.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/candle-white.svg",
"https://www.mansfield.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/tower-white.svg",
"https://www.mansfield.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/tower-white.svg",
"https://www.mansfield.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/themes/mansfield/assets/img/icons/phone--yellow.svg",
"https://www.mansfield.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/themes/mansfield/assets/img/icons/phone--yellow.svg",
"https://www.mansfield.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/themes/mansfield/assets/img/icons/email--yellow.svg",
"https://www.mansfield.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/themes/mansfield/assets/img/icons/email--yellow.svg",
"https://www.mansfield.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/themes/mansfield/assets/img/icons/facebook--white.svg",
"https://www.mansfield.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/themes/mansfield/assets/img/icons/facebook--white.svg",
"https://www.mansfield.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/themes/mansfield/assets/img/icons/x--white.svg",
"https://www.mansfield.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/themes/mansfield/assets/img/icons/x--white.svg",
"https://www.mansfield.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/themes/mansfield/assets/img/icons/instagram--white.svg",
"https://www.mansfield.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/themes/mansfield/assets/img/icons/instagram--white.svg",
"https://www.mansfield.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/themes/mansfield/assets/img/icons/linkedin--white.svg",
"https://www.mansfield.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/themes/mansfield/assets/img/icons/linkedin--white.svg",
"https://scontent-lhr8-1.cdninstagram.com/v/t51.29350-15/457254771_1473991296600572_6149346252874640289_n.jpg?_nc_cat=107&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=18de74&_nc_ohc=H1DaNgVouA0Q7kNvgHeCpVg&_nc_ht=scontent-lhr8-1.cdninstagram.com&edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&oh=00_AYBw20ZcTqko_lvfSMPWjibEMZMsoJctK1S2FEwxhKzt7A&oe=66D68AE5",
"https://scontent-lhr8-1.cdninstagram.com/v/t51.29350-15/457254771_1473991296600572_6149346252874640289_n.jpg?_nc_cat=107&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=18de74&_nc_ohc=H1DaNgVouA0Q7kNvgHeCpVg&_nc_ht=scontent-lhr8-1.cdninstagram.com&edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&oh=00_AYBw20ZcTqko_lvfSMPWjibEMZMsoJctK1S2FEwxhKzt7A&oe=66D68AE5",
"https://www.mansfield.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/themes/mansfield/assets/img/icons/instagram--white.svg",
"https://www.mansfield.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/themes/mansfield/assets/img/icons/instagram--white.svg",
"https://scontent-lhr8-2.cdninstagram.com/v/t51.29350-15/455967705_891812292793500_8251425345582752030_n.jpg?_nc_cat=101&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=18de74&_nc_ohc=z8ELICcjnIIQ7kNvgFuo9OI&_nc_ht=scontent-lhr8-2.cdninstagram.com&edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&oh=00_AYDJ0MdSS9BHh4toU-yByxojQTyWSquqlobp4JCJZn4cPw&oe=66D674A4",
"https://scontent-lhr8-2.cdninstagram.com/v/t51.29350-15/455967705_891812292793500_8251425345582752030_n.jpg?_nc_cat=101&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=18de74&_nc_ohc=z8ELICcjnIIQ7kNvgFuo9OI&_nc_ht=scontent-lhr8-2.cdninstagram.com&edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&oh=00_AYDJ0MdSS9BHh4toU-yByxojQTyWSquqlobp4JCJZn4cPw&oe=66D674A4",
"https://www.mansfield.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/themes/mansfield/assets/img/icons/instagram--white.svg",
"https://www.mansfield.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/themes/mansfield/assets/img/icons/instagram--white.svg",
"https://scontent-lhr6-1.cdninstagram.com/v/t51.29350-15/455606549_418682930728750_8038730978246340843_n.jpg?_nc_cat=109&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=18de74&_nc_ohc=IrrAPTsUnMkQ7kNvgFWAbvr&_nc_ht=scontent-lhr6-1.cdninstagram.com&edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&oh=00_AYCoZaje7hV3A3eZ49naoPNZW_4KF1KX_HNZtkC86q1YNg&oe=66D67C31",
"https://scontent-lhr6-1.cdninstagram.com/v/t51.29350-15/455606549_418682930728750_8038730978246340843_n.jpg?_nc_cat=109&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=18de74&_nc_ohc=IrrAPTsUnMkQ7kNvgFWAbvr&_nc_ht=scontent-lhr6-1.cdninstagram.com&edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&oh=00_AYCoZaje7hV3A3eZ49naoPNZW_4KF1KX_HNZtkC86q1YNg&oe=66D67C31",
"https://www.mansfield.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/themes/mansfield/assets/img/icons/instagram--white.svg",
"https://www.mansfield.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/themes/mansfield/assets/img/icons/instagram--white.svg",
"https://scontent-lhr6-1.cdninstagram.com/v/t51.29350-15/454530816_1826872517834822_7541703497304677319_n.jpg?_nc_cat=110&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=18de74&_nc_ohc=RaC3k7sVdi8Q7kNvgF_dvit&_nc_ht=scontent-lhr6-1.cdninstagram.com&edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&oh=00_AYDBXwpkh2fe0VwaJfr9nGhDX8XrPQN9v2pud4NHZweSuQ&oe=66D68B11",
"https://scontent-lhr6-1.cdninstagram.com/v/t51.29350-15/454530816_1826872517834822_7541703497304677319_n.jpg?_nc_cat=110&ccb=1-7&_nc_sid=18de74&_nc_ohc=RaC3k7sVdi8Q7kNvgF_dvit&_nc_ht=scontent-lhr6-1.cdninstagram.com&edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&oh=00_AYDBXwpkh2fe0VwaJfr9nGhDX8XrPQN9v2pud4NHZweSuQ&oe=66D68B11",
"https://www.mansfield.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/themes/mansfield/assets/img/icons/instagram--white.svg",
"https://www.mansfield.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/themes/mansfield/assets/img/icons/instagram--white.svg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] |
2024-03-24T18:48:06+00:00
|
Sorry, but you do not have permission to view this content.
|
en
|
Mansfield College
|
https://www.mansfield.ox.ac.uk/study-here/postgraduate/graduate-scholarships/the-kofi-annan-scholarships/
|
We are grateful to alumnus Jan Fischer (PPE, 1989) for his generous support of the Kofi Annan Scholarships, and to the Kofi Annan Foundation for enabling this inspiring association.
We are delighted to present our 2023-2024 cohort of Kofi Annan scholars of the Weidenfeld-Hoffmann graduate programme below.
MSc Environmental Change and Management
Xenia is a dedicated ESG professional committed to driving positive change in the corporate world.
In her recent role at Evraz, a global steel and mining company, she contributed to the development of the sustainability strategy, including pathways to net zero. Prior to this, she gained valuable experience in the consulting industry and a national development institution.
Having studied economics and finance at the Financial University, Xenia is currently focused on enhancing her knowledge of environmental and climate science. Her ultimate goal is to transform companies operating in hard-to-abate industries towards conscious business. She firmly believes that environmental and social responsibility coupled with good governance in the business realm will pave the way for a more peaceful, equal, and sustainable world.
MSc Social Science of the Internet
Tsimafei Malakhouski studied Political Science at the European Humanities University in Vilnius, where he also served as the elected president of the Students’ Union.
Currently, he holds the role of a programme manager and political analyst at Honest People, a Belarusian civil society organisation operating in exile in Warsaw, Poland. Tsimafei’s work focuses on civic education and fostering democratic engagement among citizens who face mass repressions in the authoritarian regime in Belarus.
Tsimafei also coordinates the Honest University project, which actively involves over 2000 student activists in meaningful civic participation in Belarus while considering the security risks.
After completing his studies at the Oxford Internet Institute, Tsimafei intends to return to his work in Belarusian civil society, where he will continue contributing to the ongoing struggle for democracy and human rights in his home country.
Masters of Business Administration
Vladyslava is a Product Manager from Ukraine.
She earned a Bachelor’s Degree in Chinese Literature from the Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv and lived for two terms in China while attending exchange programmes at Peking University and Nankai University. During her time in China, she ventured into entrepreneurship and successfully established a company dedicated to assisting small and medium-sized Ukrainian enterprises in sourcing products from China.
The company provided help with services such as negotiations, logistics, market-fit research, product inspection, and sampling. After graduation, Vladyslava pursued the postgraduate programme called the Young India Fellowship in India and worked at a Bengaluru-based robotics startup that specialises in building autonomous cooking robots for households.
In India, Vladyslava also actively engaged herself in animal welfare initiatives, organising rescue and birth control efforts for stray dogs and cats in her community.
Following her time at Oxford, Vladyslava aspires to return to Ukraine and contribute towards the development of Ukraine’s post-war economy by building sustainable businesses.
MSc Environmental Change and Management
Smriti graduated with a degree in Environmental Studies and Public Policy from FLAME University, India. She loves being on the field, engaging with issues on the ground, and making this information accessible.
Smriti has worked in the Trans Himalayan region, Nicobar Islands, and on the Konkan Coast, where she studied human-bear, agriculture-macaque, and turtle-fisher interactions respectively.
At the Centre for Knowledge Alternatives, Smriti led the efforts of formulating and building India’s first district-level statistics and culture repository. She has previously interned at Centre for Policy Research, Dakshin Foundation, and Centre for Environment Education where she worked on different aspects of environmental legislation and grievance redressal mechanisms. Having worked across different geographies in India, Smriti strongly believes in documenting local ecological knowledge for bottoms-up policy actions.
At Oxford, Smriti looks forward to gaining the tools and knowledge to work on decentralised ecosystem governance and climate policy in India.
Master of Public Policy
Mohamed Salah Ahmed is a public policy practitioner with a BA in Community Development and an MA in Political Science and Public Administration. Prior to joining the Office of National Security, Mohamed worked in the humanitarian space in Somalia.
Currently, at the presidency he serves as the chief person for the sanctions regime, leading, coordinating, framing and implementing nationwide policies on WAM and the sanctions regime, ranging from efforts to lift the UNSC arms embargo on Somalia to disrupting the smuggling of illicit weapons. Under his realm, he succeeded in operationalising the National WAM strategy through a result-based action plan with a clear baseline and targets, which was aimed at restricting the acquisition of weapons for non-state actors.
Upon completing the MPP, he intends to continue contributing to the improvement of government institutions through effective and practical policy prescriptions for some of the pressing issues Somalia is facing.
Master of Public Policy
Mariana is a Mexican attorney specialising in human rights from the National Autonomous University of Mexico and a fierce advocate for women’s rights. She currently works for the Mexican Federal Judiciary Council, striving to integrate a gender perspective into judicial decisions and combat gender violence.
Mariana has also contributed to public policies at the Special Prosecutor’s Office for Crimes of Violence Against Women. In her spare time, she provides pro bono assistance to women affected by violence and hosts a podcast discussing social issues.
Mariana’s goal in Oxford is to gain a Master’s in Public Policy to enhance her ability to address complex challenges and contribute to eradicating violence against women through effective public policies in Mexico and Latin America.
Master of Public Policy
Fareed is a Humanitarian Professional from Syria. He studied medicine at Aleppo University, Syria, and International Relations at Hasan Kalyoncu University, Turkey. He works for the international organisation Global Communities as the Co-Lead of the Gender-Based Violence (GBV) Area of Responsibility in northwest Syria.
He coordinates the humanitarian community’s response to GBV to provide lifesaving assistance to GBV survivors and at-risk women and girls, as well as training field responders and developing policies and guidelines to ensure that GBV is addressed in a contextualised and comprehensive manner.
At Oxford, he aspires to increase his technical expertise, professional network, and policy analysis skills in order to increase his global impact as a GBV specialist. Fareed plans to return to the Middle East’s humanitarian context to help design gender-sensitive policies in order to stop violence against women and girls and empower them in post-conflict and fragile settings.
|
|||||
7733
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 3
|
https://thereader.mitpress.mit.edu/kofi-annan-reflection-on-the-black-experience-at-mit/
|
en
|
Kofi Annan: Reflections on the Black Experience at MIT
|
[
"https://thereader.mitpress.mit.edu/wp-content/themes/ta/img/log.png",
"https://thereader.mitpress.mit.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/kofi-annan-700x420.jpg",
"https://thereader.mitpress.mit.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/reflections-series-idea.jpg",
"https://thereader.mitpress.mit.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/solomonhead-170x110.jpg",
"https://thereader.mitpress.mit.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/phillip-clay-170x110.jpg",
"https://thereader.mitpress.mit.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/obama-and-van-lee-170x110.jpg",
"https://thereader.mitpress.mit.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/rudd_lede_final-170x110.jpg",
"https://thereader.mitpress.mit.edu/wp-content/themes/ta/img/ft-logo.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
"Culture",
"MIT",
"Reflections"
] | null |
[
"The MIT Press Reader"
] |
2020-06-05T20:35:21+00:00
|
"I didn’t have a sense of inhibition that you shouldn’t even dare change things, because I lived it and I saw it happen."
|
en
|
/apple-touch-icon.png
|
The MIT Press Reader
|
https://thereader.mitpress.mit.edu/kofi-annan-reflection-on-the-black-experience-at-mit/
|
"I didn’t have a sense of inhibition that you shouldn’t even dare change things, because I lived it and I saw it happen."
The discussion featured below is edited and excerpted from an oral history interview conducted by Clarence G.Williams with Kofi A. Annan in New York City, 7 August 1997. It first appeared in the book “Technology and the Dream: Reflections on the Black Experience at MIT, 1941–1999” which is freely available for download here. Several interviews from the book have been made available on the MIT Press Reader as part of our Reflections series.
Kofi Annan was the seventh secretary-general of the United Nations and the first black African to lead the organization. In 2001, four years after this interview was recorded, Annan and the United Nations were jointly awarded the Nobel Peace Prize “for their work for a better organized and more peaceful world.” “Peace must be sought, above all,” Annan stated in his acceptance speech, “because it is the condition for every member of the human family to live a life of dignity and security.” Kofi Annan died in 2018 at the age of 80.
Both my parents died a few years ago, but at a ripe age of 91 for my father and 90 for my mother. My father worked in the commercial area, for a branch of UNILEVER — known as the United African Company, Ltd. — and he became one of the directors of the company in Ghana. He also came from a family where he could have chosen to be a chief if he wanted to. I have three sisters and a brother. I had a twin sister who unfortunately passed away five years ago. I have a brother here in the States, who is in business. My other sisters and nephews and nieces are in Ghana, but my late sister’s sons are studying here to give them a chance to prepare themselves for the future.
What was it like growing up in Ghana in the 1940s and ’50s? I was fortunate in that I grew up at a time when the struggle for independence was at its peak. As a young person, I witnessed that struggle and the discussion about independence, about the role of the British, and when the Ghanaians should take over. All of this took place around me at home, at school, and with friends. My father and friends were all very actively engaged in these discussions. I was also fortunate enough to see the success of that operation. So I grew up in an atmosphere where change was possible, all was possible — and you could do things. I didn’t have a sense of inhibition that you shouldn’t even dare change things, because I lived it and I saw it happen. I walked out with a feeling that change is possible; it can be done, however monumental. That was a wonderful feeling for me, for a young person to have.
I recall a particular incident. I was at boarding school, and one of our teachers came up and put a broad sheet of paper — three feet by three feet — on the board, with a little black dot in the right-hand corner. He said, “Boys, what do you see?” There were about 40 of us in the class. We all shouted in unison, “A black dot!” He stepped back and said, “So not a single one of you saw the broad white sheet of paper. You all saw the black dot. This is the awful thing about human nature. People never see the goodness of things and the broader picture. Don’t go through life with that attitude.”
I’ve never forgotten that lesson. We are constantly doing this. Reader’s Digest did two terrible series of articles about the UN, and I wrote to them using this example. I said, “The UN has a solid record of achievement, but you are focusing on the black dot. I believe your readers deserve a better Digest.” They never published the letter.
You studied at the University of Science and Technology in Kumasi. What were your career goals at that time, and what was the experience like there?
It was an exhilarating and exciting experience. There was a dynamic group of young people studying at the university immediately after independence. Again, that same spirit — “We are going to develop the country, we are going to change the world, we are going to change Africa. ”We were all very engaged. We studied hard. We formed some long-lasting friendships. We all had our dreams. Perhaps at that time my dream was to get a good education and then come back to work and help build an independent Ghana. I think this was also the spirit which motivated quite a lot of my fellow students in those days. Politically, we were highly aware. We were also conscious of the responsibility and the opportunities we had to be given a good education and, above all, the possibility of playing a role in rebuilding this newly independent country. Then I got a grant to come to the States. I ended up at Macalester College.
That was one of the next things I was going to ask you about. What was that education like at Macalester College in St. Paul? Were there any other African students there? Did any people there play a major role in your career?
Yes. In fact, I went to Macalester because I got a Ford Foundation grant. They had a program called the Foreign Student Leadership Project. Through that program, they brought foreign students who they considered had leadership ability to study in the States. They placed them in quite a lot of American universities. The students were from Africa and other continents, but mainly from the third world. I’m still in touch with some of them. They’ve gone on to do some very interest- ing things in their own countries.
I was the only African at Macalester at the time. The student population was about 1,600, and it hasn’t grown very much. It was also my first winter, so you can imagine for a tropical child that was really extraordinary.
Quite an experience.
Yes. I don’t know if you heard my story about earmuffs, which has become quite famous in Minnesota by now. I went to speak at the college and I told them of an experience I had as a student. As a tropical child, having to put on layers and layers of clothing to go through the winter was very cumbersome for me, but I decided it was necessary because you could feel the cold. But there was one item that I was determined not to use — earmuffs. I thought they were inelegant. I was not going to touch them, until one day I went out to get something to eat and my ears nearly froze. I went and got the biggest pair I could find. I came away with a lesson from that experience; that you don’t walk into a situation and pretend you know better than the natives. That lesson has also stayed with me. Look around you and listen to them. They know the environment better than you can.
The education at Macalester was good. We had some wonderful teachers — like Professor Mittau, who was very strong in government and had this sense that public service was the thing to do. They were able to bring in some fascinating leaders, people like Hubert Humphrey who had gone to school there. Walter Mondale and other politicians often came back to campus to speak and one could relate to them. Macalester was also one of the schools that flew the UN flag from the beginning. So there was a UN flag flying with others — incredible, right from the beginning. The school has now become very international, but it has always espoused an international approach and diversity.
Were your career plans firmed up by the time you left Macalester and headed for graduate work at the Institute of Higher International Studies in Geneva? Had you decided by then on working in the diplomatic service or some international agency?
Not at that time. In fact, I was interested in international affairs and what was happening in the world. I was very much engaged. But that summer — two summers, the summer before I graduated and the summer I graduated — I worked for Pillsbury in Minnesota and also here in New York, at 30 Rockefeller Plaza. At that time Pillsbury was thinking of opening a big factory in Ghana and producing flour and processing food. Since I had been quite interested in seeing my own country develop, I had the intention of joining them and working for them in Ghana. My boss, Bill Spoor, subsequently became the chairman of the company, but much later.
I went to Geneva with the understanding that I would do graduate studies and then join them. Whilst I was in Geneva, the deal fell through. At that time Ghana was going in the socialist direction and decided that Romania would build the factory for them, therefore they didn’t need Pillsbury, which had bought a plot of land and everything. Of course, the mill wasn’t built until years later.
So I studied in Geneva and had gone to work in Paris, when a friend sent me an advertisement that the World Health Organization was looking for someone. He thought I might be interested. I applied and joined the international system in Geneva. I started with the World Health Organization as administrative officer trainee. I thought I would do two years and then go home and help build Ghana. I still have that dream. One thing led to another. After a couple of years in Geneva with the World Health Organization, I was determined to go to Africa and make a contribution. They had two offices in Africa — Brazzaville, Congo, and Alexandria, Egypt. I asked them to assign me to one or the other so that I could make a contribution on the continent. They wouldn’t do it, so I resigned. I resigned and went to Ethiopia for six years to work for the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa. I worked in Ethiopia from 1965 to 1971. I did what I wanted to do, make a contribution to the continent. It was from Ethiopia that I came to the Sloan School at MIT.
How was that experience as a Sloan Fellow?
It was a unique experience and a very useful one. By the time I left Addis Ababa I had been doing lots of deep thinking and asking lots of questions, questions one would perhaps normally ask much later in life. I was in my early thirties. What am I about? Who am I? What am I doing? Where do I want to go and why? I really needed time to step back, to think, to reflect, and to do something. So I decided to take a year. I almost did it in 1970. I came to Sloan in 1971. I had been offered a place in 1970, but my boss said, “I need you. We’re going to do this ministerial conference for ministers of finance and industry for Africa in Tunis. You are one of the key people handling it and I cannot let you go, so give me another year.” So I asked MIT to postpone it for a year.
I came to MIT in 1971. It was very useful. There we were, a group of dynamic young people — each believing he was a leader, each believing he was born to lead or had achieved a lot, each determined to prove that he was the best. It was a very competitive atmosphere. Of course, one gets swept up in this. Everyone goes along. After about six weeks or so, I had to ask, “Well, what’s all this? Why do I have to do it their way?” So I went for a long walk along the Charles River. I decided, “I don’t have to get swept up in this frenetic attitude. I have to do it my way. I don’t need that. I should listen to my own inner drummer and do it my way.”
That sort of decision, that sort of inner compass that makes you do things at your own pace in your own way, also gives you considerable freedom and strength. It allows you to participate but also to stand back and observe. In the process, I learned a lot. I got to know these guys. We worked together. Quite a few of them came to the same conclusion, though it took some of them much longer. They began to relax. They began to have a bit more fun. I think you’d find they learned much more in that mode than in the earlier mode.
An aside. My wife and I have been host parents for African students for about 20 years. You remind us so much of a young man whom we actually became family to when he was a freshman. He just got his Ph.D. at MIT in electrical engineering.
What’s his name?
John Ofori-Tenkorang.
That’s very good. I met one of them when I was in Boston recently. Willard Johnson and I did something there. The student probably was one of the Ghanaian students.
In your commencement address at MIT, you talked a little bit about this kind of competitiveness you just spoke of. But do you recall, were there any people there who were influential for you? Or was it the atmosphere of the place that you remember the most?
You had the atmosphere, and there were a couple of my own fellows and also a couple of professors who were doing research and searching in direc- tions that interested me very much. I got to know Ed Schein and Lester Thurow quite well. Bill Pounds was there at that time and so was Peter Gil.
Yes, I know all of them very well.
I was quite interested in the work that Schein was doing in group dynamics and interpersonal dynamics, which was useful in getting one to understand one’s environment and one’s relationship to others. At the beginning I was quite shocked — well, shocked perhaps is too strong a word. I was surprised that these successful, macho, strong colleagues of mine were hesitant about getting into that sort of work. I recall one day a very interesting experience. We had had a discussion — I think we had a group of 40 or 44 — and I had proposed that we should do more work in this area of group and interpersonal dynamics, because in the final analysis it boils down to people’s problems. If you’re going to be dealing with people, you need to understand their relationships and how they impact others and how they impact you. I realized the group was very uncomfortable with that. So Ed Schein said, “Kofi has made a proposal. What do you think?” There was silence in the room. A hand went up and one fellow said, “Well, he’s got his answer; it’s loud and clear.” And Ed asked, “What was that?” He said, “Dead silence, that’s what we think of his proposal.”
There was an interesting English fellow in the group who was a friend of mine and who was also interested in this. He said, “Well, we can start with dreams. Everybody dreams. We would all like to understand that. Why can’t we start with dreams, for example?” And the fellow came back — the first fellow — and said, “What kind of dreams are you talking about, whilst you are asleep or whilst you are awake?” So my English friend shot back, “I don’t think it much matters since some of us don’t know when we are asleep and when we are awake.” So Ed said, “Why don’t you break up for ten minutes, talk among yourselves, and then come back — have coffee and come back.”
We broke, and I went to the coffee machine to get some coffee. These tough, big, successful guys walked up to me and said, “Look, Kofi, we have built up this system of life for ourselves and it works. Before you and Schein decide to mess around with it, you’d better decide what else you’re going to replace it with.” Then it came home to me how threatened they felt when such sensitive questions were asked, when certain things had to be confronted — Who are you? Who am I? Where am I? It can be quite unsettling. I think it is not a question that one can just ask. You need to perhaps get to a certain level of maturity and development for those things to come to you naturally. Maybe it cannot be imposed until one is ready. If you are not ready, it can be unsettling.
You attended universities — Macalester and MIT — during the civil rights movement. What was your impression of the civil rights movement? What was your impression of Martin Luther King, Jr., and other civil rights activists, as well as of their opponents?
I think it was an important era for this country in the 20th century. You had in Martin Luther King and other human rights leaders individuals who through their own leadership abilities were able to raise the national consciousness, who went beyond the plight of one group or another and basically indicated that as a nation, we were not doing what we committed ourselves to do under the Constitution, that we were not looking after the less fortunate in our midst, and that we needed to act. I think those who had chosen to ignore the problem, those who had not been sensitive or aware enough to act, or those who felt nothing could be done about it and therefore were resigned, were all motivated to confront the issue and try and do something.
So I thought it was very positive. In all periods of change of that kind, there are some excesses which come with the effort to bring about a change in the established order. But I had a great deal of admiration for Martin Luther King and other civil rights leaders, and also for leaders like Kennedy who were sensitive to the cries of these leaders. It takes two to tango. For somebody like me, having as I said grown up in pre-independent Ghana where the search and the struggle for freedom was the atmosphere or the environment, it was fascinating for me to be here at that time and see the changes that were being brought about.
You mentioned the time in Ghana as well. One of the things that are clear is that you interrupted your civil service career and worked for a few years in Ghana.
Yes, I did.
What was that like? These were in a way troubled times there.
Yes. It was part of that same dream to want to go back, to want to do something for the country. I went back. I left the UN and went back to Ghana as the managing director of the Ghana Tourist Development Company. It was a desire to serve. It had nothing to do with money or conditions of service. In fact, several of my friends and colleagues thought I was crazy. They said, “How can you quit the job you have and go home and take on something with a salary that is less than the rent you pay each month?” I said, “I think we should serve and I am going to try and do my best.”
It was a very fulfilling and exciting period, but at the same time frustrating — frustrating in the sense that the timing was perhaps not appropriate. But the mood of those in leadership, their sense of direction was still in the direction of socialism and determination to control what they called “commanding heights” of the national economy. They were more into control than creativity and getting the people to do things, energizing the people, getting individuals and groups to do things. In fact, some of the things I suggested we should do and they resisted have been done, but almost 15 years later. It was also a military regime at the time. We kept arguing and trying to explain to them. Of course, they were not used to that sort of discus- sion. They were used to giving orders, and I was not very good at taking orders. I felt we should be able to discuss issues and really do what was right for the country.
So I established some plans, developed some blueprints, and then told them that maybe what it took to get things done in that atmosphere were skills and talents that I didn’t have. I saw so much that could be done and so much that could be achieved with very little money, with just good organization and dedication. Most of the countries in Africa are suffering from the effects of accumulated mismanagement. There are talented people, there are resources, but they don’t always get the chance to do what they have to or what they want to. I think when we look around us, we see from the case of Japan or Malaysia or others that development is a question of people, not necessarily of natural resources. There are good people who have sometimes not been given a chance to do things. Unfortunately, there are also lots of talented people who are outside the country. We have to find some way of reversing that brain drain and getting them back home, getting them to go the other way.
I recall an incident during that period in Ghana. We had so much to do. I was working very long hours, at a rather fast pace. Once we were going to look at a site where we wanted to put a tourist village. We were walking very briskly and one of my assistants who was a bit slow was panting and trying to keep up with us. A friend stopped him and said, “Are you all right?You seem to be panting.” He said, “Oh, I’m okay. I have a new managing director who is so active and so dynamic — pushing us in all directions, wanting us to do everything straight away.” The fellow said, “Who is this?” I was within earshot, but he didn’t know. He added: “Where’d he come from?” My assistant said, “He just came from Geneva. He’s been here a week. He came from Geneva and he wants to do everything.” So the other one said, “Don’t worry, the heat will slow him down.”
The heat had nothing to do with it. In other words, their point was,“I’m not going to adapt and change to this new pace and all that. We’re going to slow him down and the heat is on our side.”
As a career diplomat, you have worked your way up through the ranks of the international civil service to hold important positions in the United Nations. What have you learned that you would pass on to young blacks worldwide who seek to be successful in careers such as yours?
My advice to them is to be disciplined, work hard, show good judgment, and over time develop that inner compass that steers you when it comes to the issue of what is right and what is wrong. They should listen to their own inner drummer, do it their way and not be buffeted by external forces. It can help you, it can hold you back, but in the final analysis it is always you, something internal — you and you alone. I know that sometimes some of us feel worried that we will be discriminated against, that we will not be accepted because of our color. I don’t think that should be a major preoccupation. I would want them to remember something Eleanor Roosevelt once said: “No one can make you feel inferior without your consent.” They should never give that consent. Others may have a problem, but they shouldn’t make it their problem. They should also try not to get too involved in office quarrels, struggles, and fights. Those things take too much out of one. They are negative forces. Yes, others around them may fight, but they should carry on with their work. Even when they are the targets they should take the high road. The others will tire, they will tire over time.
In March 1997, MIT hosted a conference on Africa attended by scholars and policy specialists. What do you see as the potential for institutions such as MIT to play in international affairs and specifically in furthering the kinds of goals emphasized by the United Nations under your leadership?
I think institutions like MIT have an important role to play in several ways — first, in identifying emerging issues, themes, and problems, in doing research on them to support the needs of society, and in exposing the issues and getting policymakers to think. It could be in the area of sustainable development, it could be the environment, it could be the issue of climatic change and global warming which everybody is now beginning to accept. But for a long time people were saying, “This is baloney, where is the proof?” These are areas where institutions like MIT can do a lot.
I would hope that in the education we give to the young — because we are preparing the leaders of the 21st century, they are our future — they will come to understand that the world today is an interdependent world, a global village. No one — whether you are a politician, a manager, or a local official — can afford to think in purely local terms. If you do, you are going to be a loser down the line. Today, we are dealing with problems that I call problems without passports and without boundaries, which no one country can resolve and which require international solutions. So if we can teach these young people about what lies beyond our borders, encourage them to learn foreign languages — which in effect means respect for other cultures and understanding of other cultures — they will grow up better prepared for the world in which they are going to live.
I would also hope that MIT can continue its research and work with engineers and scientists to find ways and means of making available the latest technologies — information technology and technological innovations — to help developing countries, and some of the least developed, to leap-frog some of the steps needed to develop their own region. We are now facing a situation where it’s not a question of the haves and the have-nots, but of technology-rich and technology-poor regions. When you don’t have the information, you don’t have the technology, and when you don’t have the education, the gap grows even wider. But the technology and information also give us opportunities to tackle some of these problems. I guess what I am saying is that the university should not become an ivory tower, it should work with society in search of solutions that have greatest impact on society and the common good. There are lots of ways that MIT can play a role.
|
||||
7733
|
dbpedia
|
3
| 44
|
https://www.alphagamma.eu/entrepreneurship/kofi-annan-mba-scholarships-for-developing-country-students/
|
en
|
Kofi Annan MBA Scholarships for Developing Country Students
|
[
"https://agcdn-1d97e.kxcdn.com/alphagamma-logo.png",
"https://agcdn-1d97e.kxcdn.com/alphagamma-logo.png",
"https://agcdn-1d97e.kxcdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/alphagamma-kofi-annan-mba-scholarships-for-developing-country-students-1021x470.png",
"https://agcdn-1d97e.kxcdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/Masha-Karan.jpg",
"https://agcdn-1d97e.kxcdn.com/wp-content/uploads/sb-instagram-feed-images/alphagammaofficial.jpg",
"https://agcdn-1d97e.kxcdn.com/wp-content/plugins/instagram-feed/img/placeholder.png",
"https://agcdn-1d97e.kxcdn.com/wp-content/plugins/instagram-feed/img/placeholder.png",
"https://agcdn-1d97e.kxcdn.com/wp-content/plugins/instagram-feed/img/placeholder.png",
"https://agcdn-1d97e.kxcdn.com/wp-content/plugins/instagram-feed/img/placeholder.png",
"https://agcdn-1d97e.kxcdn.com/wp-content/plugins/instagram-feed/img/placeholder.png",
"https://agcdn-1d97e.kxcdn.com/wp-content/plugins/instagram-feed/img/placeholder.png",
"https://agcdn-1d97e.kxcdn.com/wp-content/plugins/instagram-feed/img/placeholder.png",
"https://agcdn-1d97e.kxcdn.com/wp-content/plugins/instagram-feed/img/placeholder.png",
"https://agcdn-1d97e.kxcdn.com/wp-content/plugins/instagram-feed/img/placeholder.png",
"https://agcdn-1d97e.kxcdn.com/wp-content/plugins/instagram-feed/img/placeholder.png",
"https://agcdn-1d97e.kxcdn.com/alphagamma-logo-white.png",
"https://agcdn-1d97e.kxcdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/AlphaGamma-Peer-to-Peer-Mental-Health-Support-entrepreneurship-opportunity-finance-300x350.jpg",
"https://agcdn-1d97e.kxcdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/AlphaGamma-SpaceX-Intern-Program-entrepreneurship-opportunity-finance-300x350.jpg",
"https://agcdn-1d97e.kxcdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/AlphaGamma-ONOFF-–-Online-and-Offline-Tools-in-Youthwork-2024-entrepreneurship-opportunity-finance-300x350.jpg",
"https://agcdn-1d97e.kxcdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/AlphaGamma-14-useful-newsletters-young-professionals-should-follow-entrepreneurship-opportunity-finance-300x350.jpg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Masha Karan",
"www.facebook.com",
"masha.karan"
] |
2015-09-24T23:18:34+00:00
|
The Kofi Annan MBA scholarships for developing country students are offered by the Kofi Anna foundation to support international students.
|
en
|
//agcdn-1d97e.kxcdn.com/apple-touch-icon-76x76-precomposed.png
|
AlphaGamma
|
https://www.alphagamma.eu/entrepreneurship/kofi-annan-mba-scholarships-for-developing-country-students/
|
Deadline: September 30, 2015 | Apply here
[Oops, the opportunity has already expired. Sign up to AlphaGamma weekly newsletters to stay ahead of the game]
Course starts: January 2016
Location: ESMT European School of Management and Technology, Germany
Scholarship: € 58,000
The Kofi Annan Business School Foundation provides fellowships for talented and motivated students from developing countries that allow them to obtain a one-year full-time MBA degree at ESMT.
Kofi Annan MBA Scholarships for Developing Country Students
Host Institution(s): ESMT European School of Management and Technology, Germany in cooperation with the Kofi Annan Business Schools Foundation in The Hague, Netherlands.
Field(s) of study: One-year, full-time Masters in Business Administration (MBA)
Number of Scholarships: Up to five fellowships are available each year.
Target group: Residents of one of the UN-listed LDCs, LLDCs, or of Palestine
Scholarship value/inclusions: A Kofi Annan Fellowship for an MBA student has a value of € 58,000 and covers full tuition fees and course materials in addition to a living stipend of € 1,000 per month for the duration of the MBA program. The fellowship also covers one round-trip plane ticket to Berlin from the Fellow’s home.
Eligibility: Applicants must be resident in one of the UN’s Least Developed Countries (LDCs), Landlocked Developing Countries (LLDCs) or Palestine. Applications are encouraged from candidates who hold at least a bachelor’s degree from any academic discipline and demonstrate three years of post-graduate professional experience. All applicants are required to take the GMAT (Graduate Management Admission Test) before gaining admission to the ESMT Full-time MBA program.
After graduation, Fellows are expected to commit to returning to their home countries or regions to participate for at least three years in the development of the local or regional economy.
Fellowships can be awarded only after a candidate has been admitted to the ESMT MBA program. Applications are only accepted online via ESMT’s website. Potential applicants may also submit a CV for a preliminary check to determine whether they are eligible to apply. The application deadline for the MBA is September 30, 2015.
It is important to read the 2015 Scholarship brochure and visit the official website (link found below) for detailed information on how to apply for this scholarship.
For additional information please check the official scholarship website.
|
||||
7733
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 2
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kofi_Annan
|
en
|
Kofi Annan
|
[
"https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Kofi_Annan_2012_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Kofi_Annan_2012_%28cropped%29.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Kofi_Annan_signature.svg/128px-Kofi_Annan_signature.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/President_Vladimir_Putin_with_UN_Secretary_General_Kofi_Annan.jpg/220px-President_Vladimir_Putin_with_UN_Secretary_General_Kofi_Annan.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Rice_and_Annan.jpg/220px-Rice_and_Annan.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Annantrumanlibrary.jpg/220px-Annantrumanlibrary.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Kofi_Annan_%282018%29.jpg/170px-Kofi_Annan_%282018%29.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Ranjit_Bhaskar_Juba%2C_jan_9%2C_2011042_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg/220px-Ranjit_Bhaskar_Juba%2C_jan_9%2C_2011042_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/27px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/23px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/UN_emblem_blue.svg/75px-UN_emblem_blue.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/19px-Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/19px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/19px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/19px-P_vip.svg.png",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png",
"https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg",
"https://en.wikipedia.org/static/images/footer/poweredby_mediawiki.svg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"
] |
2001-09-23T03:06:14+00:00
|
en
|
/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kofi_Annan
|
Secretary-General of the UN from 1997 to 2006
Kofi Atta Annan ( KOH-fee AN-an,[1] - AH-nahn;[2] 8 April 1938 – 18 August 2018) was a Ghanaian diplomat who served as the seventh secretary-general of the United Nations from 1997 to 2006.[3] Annan and the UN were the co-recipients of the 2001 Nobel Peace Prize.[4] He was the founder and chairman of the Kofi Annan Foundation, as well as chairman of The Elders, an international organisation founded by Nelson Mandela.[5]
Annan joined the United Nations in 1962, working for the World Health Organization's Geneva office. He went on to work in several capacities at the UN Headquarters, including serving as the Under-Secretary-General for peacekeeping between March 1992 and December 1996. He was appointed secretary-general on 13 December 1996 by the Security Council and later confirmed by the General Assembly, making him the first officeholder to be elected from the UN staff itself. He was re-elected for a second term in 2001 and was succeeded as secretary-general by Ban Ki-moon in 2007.
As secretary-general, Annan reformed the UN bureaucracy, worked to combat HIV/AIDS (especially in Africa) and launched the UN Global Compact. He was criticised for not expanding the Security Council and faced calls for his resignation after an investigation into the Oil-for-Food Programme, but was largely exonerated of personal corruption.[6] After the end of his term as secretary-general, he founded the Kofi Annan Foundation in 2007 to work on international development. In 2012, Annan was the UN–Arab League Joint Special Representative for Syria to help find a resolution to the Syrian civil war.[7][8] Annan quit after becoming frustrated with the UN's lack of progress with regards to conflict resolution.[9][10] In September 2016, Annan was appointed to lead a UN commission to investigate the Rohingya crisis.[11] He died in 2018 and was given a state funeral.
Early life and education
[edit]
Kofi Annan was born in Kumasi in the Gold Coast (now Ghana) on 8 April 1938.[12] His twin sister Efua Atta, who died in 1991, shared the middle name Atta, which in the Akan language means "twin".[13] Annan and his sister were born into one of the country's Fante aristocratic families; both of their grandfathers and their uncle were Fante paramount chiefs,[14] and their brother Kobina would go on to become Ghana's ambassador to Morocco.[15]
In the Akan names tradition, some children are named according to the day of the week they were born, sometimes in relation to how many children precede them. Kofi in Akan is the name that corresponds with Friday, the day on which Annan was born.[16] The last name Annan in Fante means fourth-born child. Annan said that his surname rhymes with "cannon" in English.[17]
From 1954 to 1957, Annan attended the elite Mfantsipim, an all-boys Methodist boarding school in Cape Coast founded in the 1870s. Annan said that the school taught him that "suffering anywhere, concerns people everywhere".[18] In 1957, the year Annan graduated from Mfantsipim, the Gold Coast gained independence from the UK and began using the name "Ghana".
In 1958, Annan began studying economics at the Kumasi College of Science and Technology, now the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology of Ghana. He received a Ford Foundation grant, enabling him to complete his undergraduate studies in economics at Macalester College in Saint Paul, Minnesota, US, in 1961. Annan then completed a diplôme d'études approfondies DEA degree in International Relations at the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies in Geneva, Switzerland, from 1961 to 1962. After some years of work experience, he studied at the MIT Sloan School of Management[19] (1971–72) in the Sloan Fellows program and earned a master's degree in management.
Annan was fluent in English, French, Akan, and some Kru languages as well as other African languages.[20]
Diplomatic career
[edit]
In 1962, Annan started working as a budget officer for the World Health Organization, an agency of the United Nations (UN). From 1974 to 1976, he worked as a manager of the state-owned Ghana Tourist Development Company in Accra. In 1980 he became the head of personnel for the office of the UN High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR) in Geneva. Between 1981 and 1983, he was a member of the Governing Board of the International School of Geneva.[23] In 1983 he became the director of administrative management services of the UN Secretariat in New York. In 1987, Annan was appointed as an assistant secretary-general for Human Resources Management and Security Coordinator for the UN system. In 1990, he became Assistant Secretary-General for Program Planning, Budget and Finance, and Control.
When Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali established the Department of Peacekeeping Operations (DPKO) in 1992, Annan was appointed to the new department as Deputy to then Under-Secretary-General Marrack Goulding. Annan replaced Goulding in March 1993 as Under-Secretary-General of that department after American officials persuaded Boutros-Ghali that Annan was more flexible and more aligned with the role that the Pentagon expected of UN peacekeepers in Somalia.[25] On 29 August 1995, while Boutros-Ghali was unreachable on an aeroplane, Annan instructed United Nations officials to "relinquish for a limited period of time their authority to veto air strikes in Bosnia". This move allowed NATO forces to conduct Operation Deliberate Force and made him a favourite of the United States. According to Richard Holbrooke, Annan's "gutsy performance" convinced the United States that he would be a good replacement for Boutros-Ghali.
He was appointed a special representative of the Secretary-General to the former Yugoslavia, serving from November 1995 to March 1996.[28][29]
Criticism
[edit]
In 2003, retired Canadian general Roméo Dallaire, who was force commander of the United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda (UNAMIR), claimed that Annan was overly passive in his response to the imminent genocide. In his book Shake Hands with the Devil: The Failure of Humanity in Rwanda (2003), Dallaire asserted that Annan held back UN troops from intervening to settle the conflict and from providing more logistical and material support. Dallaire claimed that Annan failed to respond to his repeated faxes asking for access to a weapons depository; such weapons could have helped Dallaire defend the endangered Tutsis. In 2004, ten years after the genocide in which an estimated 800,000 people were killed, Annan said: "I could and should have done more to sound the alarm and rally support."[30]
External videos After Words interview with Annan on Interventions, 9 September 2012, C-SPAN
In his book Interventions: A Life in War and Peace, Annan again argued that the United Nations Department of Peacekeeping Operations could have made better use of the media to raise awareness of the violence in Rwanda and put pressure on governments to provide the troops necessary for an intervention. Annan explained that the events in Somalia and the collapse of the UNOSOM II mission fostered a hesitation among UN member states to approve robust peacekeeping operations. As a result, when the UNAMIR mission was approved just days after the battle, the resulting force lacked the troop levels, resources and mandate to operate effectively.
United Nations Secretary-General (1997–2006)
[edit]
Appointment
[edit]
In 1996, Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali ran unopposed for a second term. Although he won 14 of the 15 votes on the Security Council, he was vetoed by the United States.[32] After four deadlocked meetings of the Security Council, Boutros-Ghali suspended his candidacy, becoming the only secretary-general ever to be denied a second term. Annan was the leading candidate to replace him, beating Amara Essy by one vote in the first round. However, France vetoed Annan four times before finally abstaining. The UN Security Council recommended Annan on 13 December 1996.[33] Confirmed four days later by the vote of the General Assembly,[35] he started his first term as secretary-general on 1 January 1997.
Due to Boutros-Ghali's overthrow, a second Annan term would give Africa the office of Secretary-General for three consecutive terms. In 2001, the Asia-Pacific Group agreed to support Annan for a second term in return for the African Group's support for an Asian secretary-general in the 2006 selection.[36] The Security Council recommended Annan for a second term on 27 June 2001, and the General Assembly approved his reappointment on 29 June 2001.[37]
Activities
[edit]
Recommendations for UN reform
[edit]
Soon after taking office in 1997, Annan released two reports on management reform. On 17 March 1997, the report Management and Organisational Measures (A/51/829) introduced new management mechanisms through the establishment of a cabinet-style body to assist him and the UN's activities in accordance with four core missions. A comprehensive reform agenda was issued on 14 July 1997 titled Renewing the United Nations: A Programme for Reform (A/51/950). Key proposals included the introduction of strategic management to strengthen unity of purpose, the establishment of the position of deputy secretary-general, a 10-per cent reduction in posts, a reduction in administrative costs, the consolidation of the UN at the country level, and reaching out to civil society and the private sector as partners. Annan also proposed to hold a Millennium Summit in 2000.[38] After years of research, Annan presented a progress report, In Larger Freedom, to the UN General Assembly on 21 March 2005. Annan recommended Security Council expansion and a host of other UN reforms.[39]
On 31 January 2006, Annan outlined his vision for a comprehensive and extensive reform of the UN in a policy speech to the United Nations Association UK. The speech, delivered at Central Hall, Westminster, also marked the 60th anniversary of the first meetings of the General Assembly and Security Council.[40]
On 7 March 2006, he presented to the General Assembly his proposals for a fundamental overhaul of the United Nations Secretariat. The reform report is titled Investing in the United Nations, For a Stronger Organization Worldwide.[41]
On 30 March 2006, he presented to the General Assembly his analysis and recommendations for updating the entire work programme of the United Nations Secretariat. The reform report is titled Mandating and Delivering: Analysis and Recommendations to Facilitate the Review of Mandates.[42]
Regarding the UN Human Rights Council, Annan said "declining credibility" had "cast a shadow on the reputation of the United Nations system. Unless we re-make our human rights machinery, we may be unable to renew public confidence in the United Nations itself." He believed that, despite its flaws, the council could do good.[43][44]
In March 2000, Annan appointed the Panel on United Nations Peace Operations to assess the shortcomings of the then existing system and to make specific and realistic recommendations for change. The panel was composed of individuals experienced in conflict prevention, peacekeeping and peacebuilding. The report it produced, which became known as the Brahimi Report, after the chair of the Panel Lakhdar Brahimi, called for "renewed political commitment on the part of Member States, significant institutional change, and increased financial support".[47] The Panel further noted that to be effective, UN peacekeeping operations must be adequately resourced and equipped, and operate under clear, credible and achievable mandates.[47] In a letter transmitting the report to the General Assembly and Security Council, Annan stated that the Panel's recommendations were essential to making the United Nations truly credible as a force for peace.[48] Later that same year, the Security Council adopted several provisions relating to peacekeeping following the report, in Resolution 1327.[49]
Millennium Development Goals
[edit]
In 2000, Annan issued a report titled We the Peoples: the Role of the United Nations in the 21st Century. The report called for member states to "put people at the centre of everything we do": "No calling is more noble, and no responsibility greater, than that of enabling men, women and children, in cities and villages around the world, to make their lives better."[52]: 7
In the final chapter of the report, Annan called to "free our fellow men and women from the abject and dehumanizing poverty in which more than 1 billion of them are currently confined".[52]: 77
At the Millennium Summit in September 2000, national leaders adopted the Millennium Declaration, which the United Nations Secretariat subsequently implemented as the Millennium Development Goals in 2001.
United Nations Information Technology Service
[edit]
Within the We the Peoples document, Annan suggested the establishment of a United Nations Information Technology Service (UNITeS), a consortium of high-tech volunteer corps, including NetCorps Canada and Net Corps America, which United Nations Volunteers (UNV) would coordinate. In the "Report of the high-level panel of experts on information and communication technology",[54] suggesting a UN ICT Task Force, the panel welcomed the establishment of UNITeS. It made suggestions on its configuration and implementation strategy, including that ICT4D volunteering opportunities make mobilising "national human resources" (local ICT experts) within developing countries a priority for both men and women. The initiative was launched at the UNV and was active from February 2001 to February 2005. Initiative staff and volunteers participated in the World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS) in Geneva in December 2003.[55]
United Nations Global Compact
[edit]
In an address to the World Economic Forum on 31 January 1999, Annan argued that the "goals of the United Nations and those of business can, indeed, be mutually supportive" and proposed that the private sector and the United Nations initiate "a global compact of shared values and principles, which will give a human face to the global market".[56]
On 26 July 2000, the United Nations Global Compact was officially launched at UN headquarters in New York. It is a principle-based framework for businesses which aims to "[c]atalyse actions in support of broader UN goals, such as the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)".[57] The Compact established ten core principles in the areas of human rights, labour, the environment and anti-corruption. Under the Compact, companies commit to the ten principles and are brought together with UN agencies, labour groups and civil society to implement them effectively.
Establishment of The Global Fund
[edit]
Towards the end of the 1990s, increased awareness of the destructive potential of epidemics such as HIV/AIDS pushed public health issues to the top of the global development agenda. In April 2001, Annan issued a five-point "Call to Action" to address the HIV/AIDS pandemic. Stating it was a "personal priority", Annan proposed the establishment of a Global AIDS and Health Fund, "dedicated to the battle against HIV/AIDS and other infectious diseases",[58] to stimulate the increased international spending needed to help developing countries confront the HIV/AIDS crisis. In June of that year, the General Assembly of the United Nations committed to creating such a fund during a special session on AIDS,[59] and the permanent secretariat of the Global Fund was subsequently established in January 2002.
Responsibility to Protect
[edit]
Following the failure of Annan and the international community to intervene in the genocide in Rwanda and in Srebrenica, Annan asked whether the international community had an obligation in such situations to intervene to protect civilian populations. In a speech to the General Assembly on 20 September 1999, "to address the prospects for human security and intervention in the next century",[61] Annan argued that individual sovereignty—the protections afforded by the Declaration of Human Rights and the Charter of the UN—was being strengthened, while the notion of state sovereignty was being redefined by globalisation and international co-operation. As a result, the UN and its member states had to consider a willingness to act to prevent conflict and civilian suffering, a dilemma between "two concepts of sovereignty" that Annan also presented in a preceding article in The Economist on 16 September 1999.[63]
In the March 2000 Millennium Report to the UN, Annan asked: "If humanitarian intervention is, indeed, an unacceptable assault on sovereignty, how should we respond to a Rwanda, to a Srebrenica – to gross and systematic violations of human rights that affect every precept of our common humanity?"[64]
In September 2001, the Canadian government established an ad hoc committee to address this balance between state sovereignty and humanitarian intervention. The International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty published its final report in 2001, which focused not on the right of states to intervene but on a responsibility to protect populations at risk. The report moved beyond military intervention, arguing that various diplomatic and humanitarian actions could also be utilised to protect civilian populations.[65]
In 2005, Annan included the doctrine of "Responsibility to Protect" (RtoP) in his report In Larger Freedom.[65] When the UN General Assembly endorsed that report, it amounted to the first formal endorsement by UN member states of the doctrine of RtoP.[66]
Iraq
[edit]
In the years after 1998, when UNSCOM was expelled by the government of Saddam Hussein, and during the Iraq disarmament crisis, in which the United States blamed UNSCOM and former IAEA director Hans Blix for failing to disarm Iraq properly, former UNSCOM chief weapons inspector Scott Ritter blamed Annan for being slow and ineffective in enforcing Security Council resolutions on Iraq and being overtly submissive to the demands of the Clinton administration for regime removal and inspection of sites, often presidential palaces, that were not mandated in any resolution and were of questionable intelligence value, severely hampering UNSCOM's ability to co-operate with the Iraqi government and contributing to their expulsion from the country.[67][68] Ritter also claimed that Annan regularly interfered with the work of the inspectors and diluted the chain of command by trying to micromanage all of the activities of UNSCOM, which caused intelligence processing (and the resulting inspections) to be backed up and caused confusion with the Iraqis as to who was in charge and as a result, they generally refused to take orders from Ritter or Rolf Ekéus without explicit approval from Annan, which could have taken days, if not weeks. He later believed Annan was oblivious that the Iraqis took advantage of this to delay inspections. He claimed that on one occasion, Annan refused to implement a no-notice inspection of the Iraqi Special Security Organization (SSO) headquarters and instead tried to negotiate access. Still, the negotiation took nearly six weeks, giving the Iraqis more than enough time to clean the site.[69]
During the build-up to the 2003 invasion of Iraq, Annan called on the United States and the United Kingdom not to invade without the support of the United Nations. In a September 2004 interview on the BBC, when questioned about the legal authority for the invasion, Annan said he believed it was not in conformity with the UN charter and was illegal.[70][71]
Other diplomatic activities
[edit]
In 1998, Annan was deeply involved in supporting the transition from military to civilian rule in Nigeria. The following year, he supported the efforts of East Timor to secure independence from Indonesia. In 2000, he was responsible for certifying Israel's withdrawal from Lebanon, and in 2006, he led talks in New York between the presidents of Cameroon and Nigeria, which led to a settlement of the dispute between the two countries over the Bakassi peninsula.[72]
Annan and Iranian president Mahmoud Ahmadinejad disagreed sharply on Iran's nuclear program, on an Iranian exhibition of cartoons mocking the Holocaust, and on the then-upcoming International Conference to Review the Global Vision of the Holocaust, an Iranian Holocaust denial conference in 2006.[73] During a visit to Iran instigated by continued Iranian uranium enrichment, Annan said: "I think the tragedy of the Holocaust is an undeniable historical fact and we should really accept that fact and teach people what happened in World War II and ensure it is never repeated".[73]
Annan supported sending a UN peacekeeping mission to Darfur, Sudan.[74] He worked with the government of Sudan to accept a transfer of power from the African Union peacekeeping mission to a UN one.[75] Annan also worked with several Arab and Muslim countries on women's rights and other topics.[76]
Beginning in 1998, Annan convened an annual UN "Security Council Retreat" with the 15 states' council representatives. It was held at the Rockefeller Brothers Fund (RBF) Conference Center at the Rockefeller family estate in Pocantico Hills, New York, and was sponsored by both the RBF and the UN.[77]
Lubbers sexual-harassment investigation
[edit]
In June 2004, Annan was given a copy of the Office of Internal Oversight Services (OIOS) report on the complaint brought by four female workers against Ruud Lubbers, UN High Commissioner for Refugees, for sexual harassment, abuse of authority, and retaliation. The report also reviewed a long-serving staff member's allegations of sexual harassment and misconduct against Werner Blatter, director of UNHCR personnel. The investigation found Lubbers guilty of sexual harassment; no mention was made publicly of the other charge against a senior official or two subsequent complaints filed later that year. During the official investigation, Lubbers wrote a letter which some considered a threat to the female worker who had brought the charges.[78] On 15 July 2004, Annan cleared Lubbers of the accusations, saying they were not substantial enough legally.[79] The internal UN–OIOS report on Lubbers was leaked, and sections accompanied by an article by Kate Holt were published in a British newspaper. In February 2005, Lubbers resigned as head of the UN refugee agency, saying he wanted to relieve political pressure on Annan.[80]
Oil-for-Food scandal
[edit]
In December 2004, reports surfaced that the Secretary-General's son Kojo Annan received payments from the Swiss company Cotecna Inspection SA, which had won a lucrative contract under the UN Oil-for-Food Programme. Kofi Annan called for an investigation to look into the allegations.[81] On 11 November 2005, The Sunday Times agreed to apologise and pay a substantial sum in damages to Kojo Annan, accepting that the allegations were untrue.[82]
Annan appointed the Independent Inquiry Committee,[83] which was led by former US Federal Reserve chairman Paul Volcker,[84] then the director of the United Nations Association of the US. In his first interview with the Inquiry Committee, Annan denied meeting with Cotecna. Later in the inquiry, he recalled having met with Cotecna's chief executive Elie-Georges Massey twice. In a final report issued on 27 October, the committee found insufficient evidence to indict Annan on any illegal actions but did find fault with Benon Sevan, an Armenian-Cypriot national who had worked for the UN for about 40 years. Appointed by Annan to the Oil-For-Food role, Sevan repeatedly asked Iraqis for allocations of oil to the African Middle East Petroleum Company. Sevan's behaviour was "ethically improper", Volcker said to reporters. Sevan repeatedly denied the charges and argued that he was being made a "scapegoat".[85] The Volcker report was highly critical of the UN management structure and the Security Council oversight. It strongly recommended a new chief operating officer (COO) position to handle the fiscal and administrative responsibilities then under the Secretary-General's office. The report listed the Western and Middle Eastern companies that had benefited illegally from the program.[84]
Nobel Peace Prize
[edit]
In 2001, its centennial year, the Nobel Committee decided that the Peace Prize was to be divided between the UN and Annan. They were awarded the Peace Prize "for their work for a better organized and more peaceful world",[4] having revitalised the UN and prioritised human rights. The Nobel Committee also recognised his commitment to the struggle to contain the spread of HIV in Africa and his declared opposition to international terrorism.[86]
Soon after Annan was awarded the Peace Prize, he was given a chieftaincy title by the Asantehene of Asanteman. The honour was conferred upon him for his "[selfless] contributions to humanity and promotion of peace throughout the world".[87]
Relations between the United States and the UN
[edit]
Annan defended his deputy secretary-general Mark Malloch Brown,[88] who openly criticised the United States in a speech on 6 June 2006: "[T]he prevailing practice of seeking to use the UN almost by stealth as a diplomatic tool while failing to stand up for it against its domestic critics is simply not sustainable. You will lose the UN one way or another. [...] [That] the US is constructively engaged with the UN [...] is not well known or understood, in part because much of the public discourse that reaches the US heartland has been largely abandoned to its loudest detractors such as Rush Limbaugh and Fox News."[89] Malloch later said his talk was a "sincere and constructive critique of U.S. policy toward the U.N. by a friend and admirer".[90]
The talk was unusual because it violated the unofficial policy of not having top officials publicly criticise member nations.[90] The interim US ambassador John Bolton, appointed by President George W. Bush, was reported to have told Annan on the phone: "I've known you since 1989 and I'm telling you this is the worst mistake by a senior UN official that I have seen in that entire time."[90] Observers from other nations supported Malloch's view that conservative politicians in the US prevented many citizens from understanding the benefits of US involvement in the UN.[91]
Farewell addresses
[edit]
External videos Farewell Address by Kofi Annan, 11 December 2006, C-SPAN
On 19 September 2006, Annan gave a farewell address to world leaders gathered at the UN headquarters in New York in anticipation of his retirement on 31 December. In the speech, he outlined three major problems of "an unjust world economy, world disorder, and widespread contempt for human rights and the rule of law", which he believed "have not resolved, but sharpened" during his time as secretary-general. He also pointed to violence in Africa and the Arab–Israeli conflict as two major issues warranting attention.[92]
On 11 December 2006, in his final speech as secretary-general, delivered at the Harry S. Truman Presidential Library in Independence, Missouri, Annan recalled President Truman's leadership in the founding of the United Nations. He called for the United States to return to Truman's multilateralist foreign policies and to follow Truman's doctrine that "the responsibility of the great states is to serve and not dominate the peoples of the world". He also said that the United States must maintain its commitment to human rights, "including in the struggle against terrorism".[93][94]
Post-UN career
[edit]
After he served as UN secretary-general, Annan took up residence in Geneva and worked in a leading capacity on various international humanitarian endeavours.[95]
Kofi Annan Foundation
[edit]
Main article: Kofi Annan Foundation
In 2007, Annan established the Kofi Annan Foundation, an independent, not-for-profit organisation that "works to promote better global governance and strengthen the capacities of people and countries to achieve a fairer, more secure world".[96][97]
The organisation was founded on the principles that fair and peaceful societies rest on three pillars: peace and security, sustainable development, and human rights and the rule of law, and they have made it their mission to mobilise the leadership and the political resolve needed to tackle threats to these three pillars ranging from violent conflict to flawed elections and climate change, to achieve "a fairer, more peaceful world".[97]
The Foundation provides the analytical, communication and co-ordination capacities needed to ensure that these objectives are achieved.[promotion?] Annan's contribution to peace worldwide is delivered through mediation, political mentoring, advocacy and advice.[promotion?] Through his engagement, Annan aimed to strengthen local and international conflict resolution capabilities. The Foundation provides the analytical and logistical support to facilitate this in cooperation with relevant local, regional and international actors.[98] The Foundation works mainly through private diplomacy, where Annan provided informal counsel and participated in discreet diplomatic initiatives to avert or resolve crises by applying his experience and inspirational leadership.[peacock prose] He was often asked to intercede in crises, sometimes as an impartial, independent mediator, sometimes as a special envoy of the international community. In recent years[timeframe?] he had provided such counsel to Burkina Faso, Kenya, Myanmar, Senegal, Iraq and Colombia.[99]
Kenya National Dialogue and Reconciliation Process
[edit]
Following the outbreak of violence after the 2007 presidential elections in Kenya, the African Union (AU) established the Panel of Eminent African Personalities to assist in finding a peaceful solution to the crisis.[100] Annan was appointed as chair of the panel, to lead it with Benjamin Mkapa, former president of Tanzania; and humanitarian Graça Machel, the former first lady of Mozambique and South Africa.[101]
The panel managed to convince the two principal parties to the conflict, Kenyan president Mwai Kibaki's Party of National Unity (PNU) and Raila Odinga's Orange Democratic Movement (ODM), to participate in the Kenya National Dialogue and Reconciliation Process (KNDR).[100] Over the course of 41 days of negotiations, several agreements regarding taking actions to stop the violence and to remedy its consequences were signed. On 28 February, President Kibaki and Prime Minister Odinga signed a coalition government agreement.[102][103]
Joint Special Envoy for Syria
[edit]
On 23 February 2012, Annan was appointed as the UN and Arab League joint special envoy to Syria in an attempt to end the civil war taking place.[8] He developed a six-point plan for peace:[104]
commit to work with the Envoy in an inclusive Syrian-led political process to address the legitimate aspirations and concerns of the Syrian people, and, to this end, commit to appoint an empowered interlocutor when invited to do so by the Envoy;
commit to stop the fighting and achieve urgently an effective United Nations supervised cessation of armed violence in all its forms by all parties to protect civilians and stabilise the country.
To this end, the Syrian government should immediately cease troop movements towards, and end the use of heavy weapons in, population centres, and begin pullback of military concentrations in and around population centres.
As these actions are being taken on the ground, the Syrian government should work with the Envoy to bring about a sustained cessation of armed violence in all its forms by all parties with an effective United Nations supervision mechanism.
Similar commitments would be sought by the Envoy from the opposition and all relevant elements to stop the fighting and work with him to bring about a sustained cessation of armed violence in all its forms by all parties with an effective United Nations supervision mechanism;
ensure timely provision of humanitarian assistance to all areas affected by the fighting, and to this end, as immediate steps, to accept and implement a daily two-hour humanitarian pause and to coordinate exact time and modalities of the daily pause through an efficient mechanism, including at local level;
intensify the pace and scale of release of arbitrarily detained persons, including especially vulnerable categories of persons, and persons involved in peaceful political activities, provide without delay through appropriate channels a list of all places in which such persons are being detained, immediately begin organizing access to such locations and through appropriate channels respond promptly to all written requests for information, access or release regarding such persons;
ensure freedom of movement throughout the country for journalists and a non-discriminatory visa policy for them;
respect freedom of association and the right to demonstrate peacefully as legally guaranteed.
On 2 August, he resigned as envoy to Syria,[105] citing the intransigence of both the Assad government and the rebels, as well as the stalemate on the Security Council as preventing any peaceful resolution of the situation.[106] Annan also stated that the lack of international unity and ineffective diplomacy among world leaders had made the peaceful resolution in Syria an impossible task.[107]
Global Commission on Elections, Democracy and Security
[edit]
Annan served as the chair of the Global Commission on Elections, Democracy and Security.[108] The commission was launched in May 2011 as a joint initiative of the Kofi Annan Foundation and the International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance. It comprised 12 eminent individuals from around the world, including Ernesto Zedillo, Martti Ahtisaari, Madeleine Albright and Amartya Sen, and aimed to highlight the importance of the integrity of elections to achieving a more secure, prosperous and stable world. The Commission released its final report, Deepening Democracy, a Strategy to Improve the Integrity of Elections Worldwide,[109] in September 2012.
Rakhine Commission (Myanmar)
[edit]
In September 2016, Annan was asked to lead the Advisory Commission on Rakhine State, Myanmar,[110][111][112][113] an impoverished region beset by ethnic conflict and extreme sectarian violence, particularly by Myanmar's Buddhist majority against the Rohingya Muslim minority, further targeted by government forces.[114][115][116][117] The commission, widely known simply as the "Annan Commission", was opposed by many Myanmar Buddhists as unwelcome interference in their relations with the Rohingya.[110]
When the Annan Commission released its final report,[112] the week of 24 August 2017, with recommendations unpopular with all sides, violence exploded in the Rohingya conflict – the largest and bloodiest humanitarian disaster in the region in decades – driving most of the Rohingya from Myanmar.[117][116][118] Annan attempted to engage the United Nations to resolve the matter,[119] but failed.
Annan died a week before the first anniversary of the report, shortly after an announcement by a replacement commission that it would not "point fingers" at the guilty parties – leading to widespread concern that the new commission was just a sham to protect culpable Myanmar government officials and citizens from accountability.[113][120][118][121]
In 2018, before Annan's death, Myanmar's civilian government, under the direction of State Counsellor Aung San Suu Kyi, made a gesture of acceptance of the Annan commission's recommendations by convening another board – the advisory board for the Committee for Implementation of the Recommendations on Rakhine State – ostensibly to implement the Annan commission's proposed reforms, but never actually implemented them. Some of the international representatives resigned – notably the panel's secretary, Thailand's former foreign minister Surakiart Sathirathai, and former US ambassador to the UN Bill Richardson – decrying the "implementation" committee as ineffective, or a "whitewash".[111][122]
Other activities
[edit]
Corporate boards
[edit]
In March 2011,[123] Annan became a member of the advisory board for Investcorp Bank B. S. C.[124] Europe,[125] an international private equity firm and sovereign wealth fund owned by the United Arab Emirates. He held the position until 2018.
Annan became a member of the Global Advisory Board of Macro Advisory Partners LLP, a risk and strategic consulting firm based in London and New York City for business, finance and government decision-makers, with some operations related to Investcorp.[126]
Non-profit organisations
[edit]
In addition to the above, Annan also became involved with several organisations with both global and African focuses, including the following:
United Nations Foundation, member of the board of directors (2008–2018)[127]
University of Ghana, chancellor (2008–2018)[128]
School of International and Public Affairs of Columbia University, global fellow (2009–2018)[129]
The Committee on Global Thought at Columbia University, fellow[130]
Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy at the National University of Singapore (NUS), Li Ka Shing Professor (2009–2018)[131]
Global Centre for Pluralism, member of the board of directors (2010–2018)[132][133]
Mo Ibrahim Prize for Achievement in African Leadership, chairman of the prize committee (2007–2018)[134]
Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa (AGRA), chairman (2007–2018)[135]
Global Humanitarian Forum, founder and president (2007–2018)[136]
Global Commission on Drug Policy, founding commissioner. The commission had declared in a 2011 report that the war on drugs was a failure. Annan believed that, since drug use represents a health risk, it should be regulated, comparing it to the regulation of tobacco which reduced smoking in many countries.
Annan served as chair of The Elders, a group of independent global leaders who work together on peace and human rights issues.[140][141] In November 2008, Annan and fellow elders Jimmy Carter and Graça Machel attempted to travel to Zimbabwe to make a first-hand assessment of the humanitarian situation in the country. Refused entry, the Elders instead carried out their assessment from Johannesburg, where they met Zimbabwe- and South Africa-based leaders from politics, business, international organisations, and civil society.[142] In May 2011, following months of political violence in Côte d'Ivoire, Annan travelled to the country with elders Desmond Tutu and Mary Robinson to encourage national reconciliation.[143] On 16 October 2014, Annan attended the One Young World Summit in Dublin. During a session with fellow elder Mary Robinson, Annan encouraged 1,300 young leaders from 191 countries to lead on intergenerational issues such as climate change and the need for action to take place now, not tomorrow:[144][145]
We don't have to wait to act. The action must be now. You will come across people who think we should start tomorrow. Even for those who believe action should begin tomorrow, remind them tomorrow begins now, tomorrow begins today, so let's all move forward.[146]
Annan chaired the Africa Progress Panel (APP), a group of ten distinguished individuals who advocate at the highest levels for equitable and sustainable development in Africa. As chair, he facilitated coalition building to leverage and broker knowledge, in addition to convening decision-makers to influence policy and create lasting change in Africa.[promotion?] Every year, the Panel releases a report, the Africa Progress Report,[147] which outlines an issue of immediate importance to the continent and suggests a set of associated policies. In 2014, the Report highlighted the potential of African fisheries, agriculture, and forests to drive economic development.[148] The 2015 report explores the role of climate change and the potential of renewable energy investments in determining Africa's economic future.[149]
Prioritisation of snakebite in the WHO
Kofi Annan played a pivotal role in getting a WHO resolution on halving the burden of snakebite in late 2020's. [150]
Memoir
[edit]
On 4 September 2012, Annan with Nader Mousavizadeh wrote a memoir, Interventions: A Life in War and Peace.[151] Published by Penguin Press, the book has been described as a "personal biography of global statecraft".[152]
Personal life
[edit]
In 1965, Annan married Titi Alakija, a Nigerian woman from an aristocratic family. Several years later, they had a daughter, Ama, and a son, Kojo. The couple separated in the late 1970s,[153] and divorced in 1983.[13]
In 1984, Annan married Nane Lagergren [sv], a Swedish lawyer at the UN and a maternal half-niece of diplomat Raoul Wallenberg. She has a daughter, Nina, from a previous marriage.
In 2002, Annan was enstooled by Otumfuo Nana Osei Tutu II, the Asantehene of Asanteman, as the Busumuru of the Ashanti people - a Ghanaian chief. He was the first person to hold this title.[156][157]
Death and state funeral
[edit]
Annan died on the morning of 18 August 2018 in Bern, Switzerland, at the age of 80, after a short illness.[158][159] António Guterres, the UN secretary-general, said that Annan was "a global champion for peace" and "a guiding force for good".[160][158] Malaysian Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad also said he is saddened by the death of Annan.[161] His body was returned to his native Ghana from Geneva in a brief and solemn ceremony at the Kotoka International Airport in Accra, on 10 September.[162] His coffin, draped in the blue UN flag, was accompanied by his widow Nane, his children and senior diplomats from the international organisation.[162][163]
On 13 September, a state funeral was held for Annan in Ghana at the Accra International Conference Centre.[164] The ceremony was attended by several political leaders from across Africa as well as Ghanaian traditional rulers, European royalty and dignitaries from the international community, including the UN secretary-general António Guterres.[165] Prior to the funeral service, his body lay in state in the foyer of the same venue, from 11 to 12 September.[166] A private burial followed the funeral service at the new Military Cemetery at Burma Camp, with full military honours and the sounding of the Last Post by army buglers and a 17-gun salute.[167][168][169][170]
Memorials and legacy
[edit]
The United Nations Postal Administration released a new stamp in memory of Annan on 31 May 2019.[171] His portrait on the stamp was designed by artist Martin Mörck.[171] The Kofi Annan International Peacekeeping Training Centre and the Ghana-India Kofi Annan Centre of Excellence in ICT, both in Accra, are named in his honour. The Kofi Annan University of Guinea is named after him.[citation needed]
See also
[edit]
List of black Nobel laureates
References
[edit]
Citations
[edit]
Bibliography
[edit]
Further reading
[edit]
Kofi Annan Foundation
Kofi Annan papers Archived 4 October 2018 at the Wayback Machine at the United Nations Archives
Kofi Annan on Nobelprize.org (including Nobel Lecture, 10 December 2001)
Speeches
Statements of Secretary-General Kofi Annan at the Wayback Machine (archived 7 July 2004)
Nobel Peace Prize lecture Archived 12 April 2023 at the Wayback Machine
Lectures
The MacArthur Award for International Justice, 2008 Archived 8 May 2014 at the Wayback Machine in the Lecture Series of the United Nations Audiovisual Library of International Law Archived 12 November 2006 at the Wayback Machine
|
||||||
7733
|
dbpedia
|
0
| 11
|
https://www.businessinsider.com/notable-mit-alumni-2015-1
|
en
|
The 21 Most Successful MIT Alumni Of All Time
|
https://i.insider.com/537cbe69eab8eaec06dd3585?width=1200&format=jpeg
|
https://i.insider.com/537cbe69eab8eaec06dd3585?width=1200&format=jpeg
|
[
"https://www.businessinsider.com/{\"https:/i.insider.com/54afed0ceab8ea9c29352a05\":{\"contentType\":\"image/jpeg\",\"aspectRatioW\":2361,\"aspectRatioH\":1771}}",
"https://www.businessinsider.com/{\"https:/i.insider.com/54a6ff42eab8eab5658b4567\":{\"contentType\":\"image/jpeg\",\"aspectRatioW\":5030,\"aspectRatioH\":3772}}",
"https://i.insider.com/54a6ff42eab8eab5658b4567?width=600&format=jpeg&auto=webp",
"https://www.businessinsider.com/{\"https:/i.insider.com/5256d773eab8ea756fbb7259\":{\"contentType\":\"image/jpeg\",\"aspectRatioW\":3500,\"aspectRatioH\":2621}}",
"https://i.insider.com/5256d773eab8ea756fbb7259?width=600&format=jpeg&auto=webp",
"https://www.businessinsider.com/{\"https:/i.insider.com/54aea7c2eab8ead171e90a14\":{\"contentType\":\"image/jpeg\",\"aspectRatioW\":3350,\"aspectRatioH\":2513}}",
"https://i.insider.com/54aea7c2eab8ead171e90a14?width=600&format=jpeg&auto=webp",
"https://www.businessinsider.com/{\"https:/i.insider.com/54a6ffa7eab8eaff608b4567\":{\"contentType\":\"image/jpeg\",\"aspectRatioW\":800,\"aspectRatioH\":600}}",
"https://i.insider.com/54a6ffa7eab8eaff608b4567?width=600&format=jpeg&auto=webp",
"https://www.businessinsider.com/{\"https:/i.insider.com/54aea7e669beddca41c27145\":{\"contentType\":\"image/jpeg\",\"aspectRatioW\":2813,\"aspectRatioH\":2110}}",
"https://i.insider.com/54aea7e669beddca41c27145?width=600&format=jpeg&auto=webp",
"https://www.businessinsider.com/{\"https:/i.insider.com/54aea805eab8eab46fe90a1a\":{\"contentType\":\"image/jpeg\",\"aspectRatioW\":2592,\"aspectRatioH\":1944}}",
"https://i.insider.com/54aea805eab8eab46fe90a1a?width=600&format=jpeg&auto=webp",
"https://www.businessinsider.com/{\"https:/i.insider.com/54aea81a69bedd0241c27148\":{\"contentType\":\"image/jpeg\",\"aspectRatioW\":1639,\"aspectRatioH\":1229}}",
"https://i.insider.com/54aea81a69bedd0241c27148?width=600&format=jpeg&auto=webp",
"https://www.businessinsider.com/{\"https:/i.insider.com/54aea905eab8ea7071e90a1e\":{\"contentType\":\"image/jpeg\",\"aspectRatioW\":3243,\"aspectRatioH\":2432}}",
"https://i.insider.com/54aea905eab8ea7071e90a1e?width=600&format=jpeg&auto=webp",
"https://www.businessinsider.com/{\"https:/i.insider.com/54aea9786da8114e5ee2093d\":{\"contentType\":\"image/jpeg\",\"aspectRatioW\":1199,\"aspectRatioH\":899}}",
"https://i.insider.com/54aea9786da8114e5ee2093d?width=600&format=jpeg&auto=webp",
"https://www.businessinsider.com/{\"https:/i.insider.com/54aea9e5eab8eae87ae90a12\":{\"contentType\":\"image/jpeg\",\"aspectRatioW\":2536,\"aspectRatioH\":1899}}",
"https://i.insider.com/54aea9e5eab8eae87ae90a12?width=600&format=jpeg&auto=webp",
"https://www.businessinsider.com/{\"https:/i.insider.com/54aeaa32ecad04e070c2714e\":{\"contentType\":\"image/jpeg\",\"aspectRatioW\":2047,\"aspectRatioH\":1535}}",
"https://i.insider.com/54aeaa32ecad04e070c2714e?width=600&format=jpeg&auto=webp",
"https://www.businessinsider.com/{\"https:/i.insider.com/54affa386da8114e0749aeec\":{\"contentType\":\"image/jpeg\",\"aspectRatioW\":800,\"aspectRatioH\":600}}",
"https://i.insider.com/54affa386da8114e0749aeec?width=600&format=jpeg&auto=webp",
"https://www.businessinsider.com/{\"https:/i.insider.com/54aeaa9269beddc34ec27142\":{\"contentType\":\"image/jpeg\",\"aspectRatioW\":3642,\"aspectRatioH\":2731}}",
"https://i.insider.com/54aeaa9269beddc34ec27142?width=600&format=jpeg&auto=webp",
"https://www.businessinsider.com/{\"https:/i.insider.com/54b3e34969beddbe16c9b883\":{\"contentType\":\"image/jpeg\",\"aspectRatioW\":1992,\"aspectRatioH\":1494}}",
"https://i.insider.com/54b3e34969beddbe16c9b883?width=600&format=jpeg&auto=webp",
"https://www.businessinsider.com/{\"https:/i.insider.com/54aeab6e6da8114e64e20940\":{\"contentType\":\"image/jpeg\",\"aspectRatioW\":904,\"aspectRatioH\":678}}",
"https://i.insider.com/54aeab6e6da8114e64e20940?width=600&format=jpeg&auto=webp",
"https://www.businessinsider.com/{\"https:/i.insider.com/54aeabaaecad042b79c27145\":{\"contentType\":\"image/jpeg\",\"aspectRatioW\":4356,\"aspectRatioH\":3267}}",
"https://i.insider.com/54aeabaaecad042b79c27145?width=600&format=jpeg&auto=webp",
"https://www.businessinsider.com/{\"https:/i.insider.com/54aeabfb6bb3f77632c27144\":{\"contentType\":\"image/jpeg\",\"aspectRatioW\":2831,\"aspectRatioH\":2123}}",
"https://i.insider.com/54aeabfb6bb3f77632c27144?width=600&format=jpeg&auto=webp",
"https://www.businessinsider.com/{\"https:/i.insider.com/54aead3eeab8eaae06e90a15\":{\"contentType\":\"image/jpeg\",\"aspectRatioW\":1902,\"aspectRatioH\":1427}}",
"https://i.insider.com/54aead3eeab8eaae06e90a15?width=600&format=jpeg&auto=webp",
"https://www.businessinsider.com/{\"https:/i.insider.com/54aeaded6bb3f70f3ac2714a\":{\"contentType\":\"image/jpeg\",\"aspectRatioW\":2663,\"aspectRatioH\":1997}}",
"https://i.insider.com/54aeaded6bb3f70f3ac2714a?width=600&format=jpeg&auto=webp",
"https://www.businessinsider.com/{\"https:/i.insider.com/54aeaea56bb3f7db3ac27148\":{\"contentType\":\"image/jpeg\",\"aspectRatioW\":3218,\"aspectRatioH\":2414}}",
"https://i.insider.com/54aeaea56bb3f7db3ac27148?width=600&format=jpeg&auto=webp",
"https://www.businessinsider.com/{\"https:/i.insider.com/54aeaf0decad047107c2714a\":{\"contentType\":\"image/jpeg\",\"aspectRatioW\":909,\"aspectRatioH\":682}}",
"https://i.insider.com/54aeaf0decad047107c2714a?width=600&format=jpeg&auto=webp",
"https://www.businessinsider.com/{\"https:/i.insider.com/54af0734eab8ea5279e90a22\":{\"contentType\":\"image/jpeg\",\"aspectRatioW\":2379,\"aspectRatioH\":1786}}",
"https://i.insider.com/54af0734eab8ea5279e90a22?width=600&format=jpeg&auto=webp",
"https://www.businessinsider.com/public/assets/BI/US/logos/newsletters/insider-today-logo.png",
"https://www.businessinsider.com/public/assets/BI/US/logos/newsletters/insider-today-logo.png",
"https://www.businessinsider.com/public/assets/rebrand/newsletter-bull.png",
"https://www.businessinsider.com/public/assets/rebrand/newsletter-bull.png",
"https://www.businessinsider.com/public/assets/rebrand/newsletter-bull.png",
"https://www.businessinsider.com/public/assets/rebrand/newsletter-bull.png",
"https://www.businessinsider.com/public/assets/logos/stacked-black.svg",
"https://www.businessinsider.com/public/assets/logos/stacked-black.svg",
"https://www.businessinsider.com/public/assets/BI/US/icons/facebook.svg",
"https://www.businessinsider.com/public/assets/BI/US/icons/facebook.svg",
"https://www.businessinsider.com/public/assets/BI/US/icons/twitter.svg",
"https://www.businessinsider.com/public/assets/BI/US/icons/twitter.svg",
"https://www.businessinsider.com/public/assets/BI/US/icons/linkedin.svg",
"https://www.businessinsider.com/public/assets/BI/US/icons/linkedin.svg",
"https://www.businessinsider.com/public/assets/BI/US/icons/youtube.svg",
"https://www.businessinsider.com/public/assets/BI/US/icons/youtube.svg",
"https://www.businessinsider.com/public/assets/BI/US/icons/instagram.svg",
"https://www.businessinsider.com/public/assets/BI/US/icons/instagram.svg",
"https://www.businessinsider.com/public/assets/badges/app-store-badge.svg",
"https://www.businessinsider.com/public/assets/badges/app-store-badge.svg",
"https://www.businessinsider.com/public/assets/badges/google-play-badge.svg",
"https://www.businessinsider.com/public/assets/badges/google-play-badge.svg",
"https://www.businessinsider.com/public/assets/INSIDER/US/logos/insider-com-trademark-opt.svg",
"https://www.businessinsider.com/public/assets/INSIDER/US/logos/insider-com-trademark-opt.svg",
"https://www.businessinsider.com/public/assets/INSIDER/US/logos/insider-inc.svg",
"https://www.businessinsider.com/public/assets/INSIDER/US/logos/insider-inc.svg",
"https://www.businessinsider.com/public/assets/INSIDER/US/logos/Insider-logo-dark-opt.svg",
"https://www.businessinsider.com/public/assets/INSIDER/US/logos/Insider-logo-dark-opt.svg",
"https://www.businessinsider.com/public/assets/BI/DE/logos/BI-DE-Black-on-Light-final-footer-logo-opt.svg",
"https://www.businessinsider.com/public/assets/BI/DE/logos/BI-DE-Black-on-Light-final-footer-logo-opt.svg",
"https://www.businessinsider.com/public/assets/BI/US/logos/Tech-Insider-opt.svg",
"https://www.businessinsider.com/public/assets/BI/US/logos/Tech-Insider-opt.svg",
"https://sb.scorecardresearch.com/p?c1=2&c2=9900186&cv=3.6.0&;cj=1&comscorekw=strategy"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Lauren Browning"
] |
2015-01-27T19:49:00+00:00
|
The most successful alumni from America's most intense school: MIT.
|
en
|
/public/assets/BI/US/favicons/apple-touch-icon-192x192.png?v=2023-11
|
Business Insider
|
https://www.businessinsider.com/notable-mit-alumni-2015-1
|
This story is available exclusively to Business Insider subscribers. Become an Insider and start reading now. Have an account? .
MIT is considered to be one of the top colleges in the US. In fact, we ranked it the second best college in the country this year.
Advertisement
So naturally, the school has produced some of the most successful individuals the world has ever seen.
From world-renowned architects to powerful CEOs to scientists of all kinds, these are the most successful alumni of the school.
This story is available exclusively to Business Insider subscribers. Become an Insider and start reading now. Have an account? .
Advertisement
Former chairman of the Federal Reserve Ben Bernanke earned his Ph.D. in economics at MIT in 1979. He wrote a dissertation entitled, "Long-term Commitments, Dynamic Optimization, and the Business Cycle."
Source: MIT Economics.
Before becoming the Secretary General of the United Nations, Kofi Annan earned his Masters of Science through the Sloan Fellows program at MIT's Sloan School of Management in 1972.
Source: United Nations.
Advertisement
Not only was Khan Academy founder Salman Khan president of his senior class, he earned three degrees while at MIT: two bachelors degrees — one in math, one in electrical engineering/computer science — and a masters in electrical engineering in 1998.
Source: Technology Review, Crunch Base.
Astronaut Edwin "Buzz" Aldrin turned down a scholarship to MIT as an undergrad but later returned where he earned a doctorate in astronautics in 1963. His dissertation is entitled, "Line-of-sight Guidance Techniques for Manned Orbital Rendezvous."
Source: BuzzAldrin.com, DSpace@MIT, Cracked.
Advertisement
CIT Group CEO and former Merrill Lynch CEO John Thain was a member of the Delta Upsilon fraternity and earned his bachelors in electrical engineering at MIT. Thain now serves on the MIT Corporation Board and on the Dean’s Advisory Council of MIT/Sloan School of Management.
Source: CIT, Business Insider, Bloomberg.
Sony International Production president Andrea Wong earned her bachelors in electrical engineering from MIT in 1988. Since graduating, she helped launch popular TV shows "The Bachelor," "Extreme Makeover: Home Edition," and "Dancing With The Stars."
Source: The MIT Tech Blogs.
Advertisement
Bose Corporation founder Amar Bose earned three degrees from MIT: a bachelors degree in 1951, a masters in 1952, and a doctorate in 1956. In 1956 Bose was asked to join the faculty at MIT, where he taught until 2001. He passed away in 2013.
Source: MIT News.
Israel's Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu took on double and triple course loads at school while simultaneously enlisted in the Israeli army. Netanyahu earned his bachelors in architecture in just 2.5 years, and earned his masters a year later in 1976.
Source: MIT News.
Advertisement
Former Post Master General and CEO of the US Postal Service John Potter earned his masters in management as a Sloan Fellow at MIT in 1995. Potter now serves as president and CEO of the Metropolitan Washington Airports Authority.
Source: Business Insider, MIT Sloan.
Actor James Woods studied political science at MIT on a scholarship. He was a member of the theater group Dramashop and a brother of the Theta Delta Chi fraternity, but he dropped out in his senior year to pursue his acting career.
Source: IMDb, TIME, The Biography Channel.
Advertisement
Shirley Ann Jackson became the first African-American woman to earn a doctorate from the institution in 1973. The physicist served as the Chairman of the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission during the Clinton administration, and is now the president of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute.
Source: RPI.
Ivan Getting studied physics on an Edison Scholarship and earned his bachelors from MIT in 1933. He returned to the university in 1940 as the director of the Division on Fire Control and Army Radar in MIT's Radiation Lab, where he and his team developed the GPS.
Source: MIT News, IEEE Global History Network.
Advertisement
Robin Chase earned her masters in management as a Sloan Fellow at MIT's Sloan School of Management in 1986. She then went on to co-found and serve as the former CEO of Zipcar.
Source: MIT Alumni.
E-Trade founder and chairman William "Bill" A. Porter earned his MBA at MIT's Sloan School of Management in 1967. In 1999 Porter, along with his wife, donated $25 million to build the Joan and William A. Porter 1967 Center for Management Education at Sloan.
Source: MIT Sloan, 720 Investor.
Advertisement
After graduating from the Sloan Fellows program at MIT's Sloan School of Management in 1983, John W. Thompson became the CEO of Symantec — the only African-American man leading a tech company at the time. Thompson is now the chairman of Microsoft and the CEO of Virtual Instruments.
Source: Business Insider, MIT Sloan.
Shortly after earning his MBA from MIT in 2005, Brian Halligan went on to co-found the marketing software company HubSpot. Halligan is the CEO of HubSpot and serves as a senior lecturer at Sloan, teaching a class in entrepreneurship.
Source: MIT Sloan.
Advertisement
In the late 1990s, Jonah Peretti did his postgraduate work at MIT's Media Lab where he studied educational technology. Peretti later founded Buzzfeed and co-founded The Huffington Post in the early 2000s.
Source: Business Insider
Bill Hewlett, of Hewlett-Packard, earned his masters in electrical engineering from MIT in 1936. He went on to co-found HP, and in 1995 received MIT's Lemelson Prize — a $500,000 annual award given to exceptional MIT inventors.
Source: Lemelson MIT, Business Insider.
Advertisement
Both MIT computer science majors, Drew Houston and Arash Ferdowsi founded the $10 billion company Dropbox in 2007. Houston got the idea for Dropbox when he kept losing his USB drives at school. Houston graduated in 2005, but Ferdowsi dropped out before his 2007 graduation to work on developing Dropbox.
Source: Business Insider, Phi Delta Theta
Master of modern architecture I. M. Pei graduated from MIT in 1940 with a bachelors degree. He was a stand-out since his college days, earning the Alpha Rho Chi Medal, AIA Gold Medal, and the MIT Traveling Fellowship upon his graduation. Pei's architectural influence can be seen around the Boston campus.
Source: Pei Cobb Freed & Partners, Alpha Rho Chi Medal, AIA Gold Medal.
Advertisement
Currently worth an estimated $3.5 billion, Lorenzo Mendoza graduated from MIT's Sloan Fellows program earning his masters in management in 1993. Mendoza now serves as the CEO of Venezuelan company Empresas Polar.
Source: Business Insider
Now check out the impressive grads from another Ivy.
The Most Successful UPenn Alumni Of All Time »
Read next
Sign up to get the inside scoop on today’s biggest stories in markets, tech, and business — delivered daily. Read preview
Thanks for signing up! Go to newsletter preferences
Thanks for signing up!
Access your favorite topics in a personalized feed while you're on the go.
Email address
By clicking “Sign Up”, you accept our Terms of Service and Privacy Policy. You can opt-out at any time by visiting our Preferences page or by clicking "unsubscribe" at the bottom of the email.
Education
Advertisement
|
||
7733
|
dbpedia
|
3
| 13
|
https://cocorioko.net/kofi-annan-biography-of-the-first-un-secretary-general-south-of-the-sahara/
|
en
|
The Biography of the Late UN Secretary
|
[
"https://cocorioko.net/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/logo.png",
"https://cocorioko.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/728_90_banner-6.png",
"https://cocorioko.net/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Anan-and-wife-600x381.png",
"https://cocorioko.net/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Anan-and-wife-600x381.png",
"https://cocorioko.net/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/kofi-annan-wife-and-children.jpg",
"https://cocorioko.net/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/President-Koroma-calls-for-religious-tolerance-326x245.jpg",
"https://cocorioko.net/wp-content/themes/mh-magazine/images/placeholder-medium.png",
"https://cocorioko.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/ibrahimsillah1-300x245.jpg",
"https://cocorioko.net/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/annan-80x60.png",
"https://cocorioko.net/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/ANNAN-FUNERAL-80x60.jpg",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/084482021acb8613760049fee6d97a22?s=24&d=mm&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/9e7ddfd9a19c30e29af410af42df0c7f?s=24&d=mm&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/fb699157c0fe022ef51a336da940f3d5?s=24&d=mm&r=g",
"https://cocorioko.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/SILLAH-2-e1442412028741-80x60.png",
"https://cocorioko.net/wp-content/uploads/2007/09/John-Benjamin-80x60.jpg",
"https://cocorioko.net/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/DEN-GEE-DEM-PASSPORT-4-80x60.jpg",
"https://cocorioko.net/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/JOHN-BAIMBA-SESAY-80x60.jpg",
"https://cocorioko.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/disabled-award-1-e1426805444694-80x60.jpg",
"https://cocorioko.net/wp-content/uploads/2006/05/ERNESTKOROMABEFOREELECTIONS-80x60.jpg",
"https://cocorioko.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/titus-boye-thompson1-80x60.jpg",
"https://cocorioko.net/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/netanyahu-80x60.jpg",
"https://cocorioko.net/wp-content/uploads/2005/09/SOLOMONBEREWAOLD1-80x60.jpg",
"https://cocorioko.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/election-fraud-80x60.jpeg",
"https://cocorioko.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/FB_IMG_1724739839103-80x60.jpg",
"https://cocorioko.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/presidentsmiling1-80x60.jpg",
"https://cocorioko.net/wp-content/themes/mh-magazine/images/placeholder-small.png",
"https://cocorioko.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/maadabiosleeps-80x60.jpg",
"https://cocorioko.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/FB_IMG_1724739839103-678x381.jpg",
"https://cocorioko.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Screenshot_20240829_004726_Gallery-678x381.jpg",
"https://cocorioko.net/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/best_source.jpg",
"https://cocorioko.net/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/PHOTOSHOPPING-526x381.jpg",
"https://cocorioko.net/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/MAADA-BIO-GREEN.jpg",
"https://cocorioko.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/8B1B4FAA-88D8-42C0-A0C4-A476BD8CD3BC-678x381.jpeg",
"https://cocorioko.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/BIO-WISHES.jpg",
"https://cocorioko.net/wp-content/themes/mh-magazine/images/placeholder-content.png",
"https://cocorioko.net/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/logo.png",
"https://cocorioko.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/FB_IMG_1724739839103-80x60.jpg",
"https://cocorioko.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Screenshot_20240829_004726_Gallery-80x60.jpg",
"https://cocorioko.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/FB_IMG_1724739839103-80x60.jpg",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5bde80b9322b68c5a952644c92464588?s=48&d=mm&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/0045151c51bd9ee3ca42e21d524db6de?s=48&d=mm&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/26a379ffe11a8112443ccfbf0d1da6be?s=48&d=mm&r=g"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] |
2018-09-13T13:25:31+00:00
|
en
|
https://cocorioko.net/kofi-annan-biography-of-the-first-un-secretary-general-south-of-the-sahara/
|
Kofi Annan’s children eulogize their ‘daddy’
By Belinda Ayamgha, GNA
kofi-annan—wife-and-children
Accra, Sept. 13, GNA – The children of the late Kofi Annan have eulogized their father, recounting some of their fondest memories with him and the important values he taught them.
In a tribute read by Ama Annan Adedeji, daughter of Mr Kofi Annan, she noted that her dad taught her to appreciate everything that she had; good or bad, as someone somewhere always had it worse than she did.
Recounting an occasion where she went complaining to her dad about not being able to buy something, she noted the questions he asked her and the conclusion he drew, which reiterated the need for her to be content with what she had.
After answering to his questions of “Is someone shooting at you? Do you have a roof over your head? Do you eat three times a day?, he said to her; “then you have no problems, stop complaining.”
Amidst reminiscent smiles from Nane Marie Laghergren, and her siblings: Nina and Kojo, Mrs Annan Adedeji recounted her father’s ‘casual’ dressing of a suit, when he invited her to accompany him to a friend’s concert where the dress code was casual.
When she asked why he was wearing a suit to the concert, when he was supposed to be casually dressed, he replied: “I am casually dressed, see, no tie.”
Describing her father’s down-to-earth nature and his ability to straddle different worlds, she said Mr Annan moved effortlessly from shanty to Paris, from impoverished streets to government enclaves, from a morning greeting with a member of the household or a moment shared with a loved one to negotiating for international peace.
“He understood only too well that like hamsters on a wheel, most of us spend our lives running around in circles, locked in our little bubbles, trying our utmost to insulate ourselves from the violence, poverty, crime or pollution. Each, if not all of these conditions, is a reality for the people that were in the forefront of his mind. Yet, somehow, the darkness of the human condition were balanced and lightened by the resolute hope, lodged firmly in his heart,” she said.
She described her father as a believer in knowledge as power, information as liberating and education as the premise of progress in every society and family, and who tended to gravitate towards the youth, in whom he found ‘hope and inspiration’.
Mrs Adedeji said she had grown to appreciate her father for what he was: a man with the generosity of spirit, who gave himself to others, put himself at their disposal and was one of the most loving people she knew.
“He may not have been the coolest dad, but to me, he always walked on water,” she said.
To paraphrase Winnie the Pooh “How lucky am I to have such a father, that makes saying goodbye so hard. Rest in peace, daddy,” she said.
Mr Kojo Annan, son, in his tribute, said it had been an honour and privilege to have Mr Annan as a father for the past 45 years.
“To the rest of the big world, he was Kofi Annan, noble statesman par excellence, but to me, he was simply daddy,” he said.
He said his father’s singular gift was his ferocious belief in humanity and its ability to see past superficial differences and embrace the need to create a more equal world.
He recounted how, at age seven, he lived alone with his father in Geneva, at a time when it was novel for a traditional African man to be raising a child solo, noting; “My daddy made it work and he made it great.”
He noted that even with increased responsibilities at the UN, Mr Annan still dropped everything to be at his bedside when he fell ill and had to have immediate surgery, and also helped him to put his life back together, piece by piece.
“He loved me unconditionally, and I loved him, unconditionally, and most importantly, he taught me how to love unconditionally,” he said.
Kojo said his father’s lessons, inspiration and legacy would sustain him, as he went on in life without his father.
He thanked the world leaders and people who attended the funeral and urged them to emulate the values that his father represented, saying the greatest tribute they could pay to him was to follow his example of unity, equality, love, peace and respect.
Nina Cronstedt de Groot, his daughter, expressed gratitude for the years that he spent with them, saying it was the only thing that was able to trump the sorrow of not having him with them.
“Gratitude for feeling your love and support every day and for having Alexei and Ebba experience you almost as I have. You gave of yourself to everyone, big or small, and will live on in us and the thousands of those who felt your compassion,” she said in remembrance published in the official brochure.
“You made a real difference and you will continue to inspire good. I love you endlessly. Rest in Peace,” she said.
|
|||||||
7733
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 9
|
https://maraelephantproject.org/our-organization/meet-our-team/
|
en
|
Meet Our Team
|
[
"https://maraelephantproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/MEP-logo-dark-linear_v4_new.svg",
"https://maraelephantproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/2b5270f1-779f-4ac2-91ee-fd3e80c3e3ea.jpg",
"https://maraelephantproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/CHG_1449.jpg",
"https://maraelephantproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/ce65bed4-1c0b-470c-b700-fa3169b1b438.jpg",
"https://maraelephantproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/DSC_0145-scaled.jpeg",
"https://maraelephantproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/0f0c35c7-c8ac-4394-aee6-e4cb5f5c00d7.jpg",
"https://maraelephantproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/DSC5329-copy.jpg",
"https://maraelephantproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/2b5270f1-779f-4ac2-91ee-fd3e80c3e3ea.jpg",
"https://maraelephantproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/CHG_1449.jpg",
"https://maraelephantproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/ce65bed4-1c0b-470c-b700-fa3169b1b438.jpg",
"https://maraelephantproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/DSC_0145-scaled.jpeg",
"https://maraelephantproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/0f0c35c7-c8ac-4394-aee6-e4cb5f5c00d7.jpg",
"https://maraelephantproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/DSC5329-copy.jpg",
"https://maraelephantproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/2b5270f1-779f-4ac2-91ee-fd3e80c3e3ea.jpg",
"https://maraelephantproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/CHG_1449.jpg",
"https://maraelephantproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/ce65bed4-1c0b-470c-b700-fa3169b1b438.jpg",
"https://maraelephantproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/DSC_0145-scaled.jpeg",
"https://maraelephantproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/0f0c35c7-c8ac-4394-aee6-e4cb5f5c00d7.jpg",
"https://maraelephantproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/DSC5329-copy.jpg",
"https://maraelephantproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/IMG_5205-scaled.jpg",
"https://maraelephantproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Kid-visit.jpg",
"https://maraelephantproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Good-1.jpg",
"https://maraelephantproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/mask-distribution.jpeg",
"https://maraelephantproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/marathon-team.jpg",
"https://maraelephantproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/IMG_1067.jpg",
"https://maraelephantproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/IMG_5205-scaled.jpg",
"https://maraelephantproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Kid-visit.jpg",
"https://maraelephantproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Good-1.jpg",
"https://maraelephantproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/mask-distribution.jpeg",
"https://maraelephantproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/marathon-team.jpg",
"https://maraelephantproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/IMG_1067.jpg",
"https://maraelephantproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/IMG_5205-scaled.jpg",
"https://maraelephantproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Kid-visit.jpg",
"https://maraelephantproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Good-1.jpg",
"https://maraelephantproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/mask-distribution.jpeg",
"https://maraelephantproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/marathon-team.jpg",
"https://maraelephantproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/IMG_1067.jpg",
"https://maraelephantproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/DSC4507-copy-2.jpg",
"https://maraelephantproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/Suzanne.jpeg",
"https://maraelephantproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/nwh-richard-roberts-03-300x169.jpg",
"https://maraelephantproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/cstrobl-8924-204x300.jpg",
"https://maraelephantproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/DSC4338-300x196.jpg",
"https://maraelephantproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/IMG_3950-225x300.jpg",
"https://maraelephantproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/Brian-300x300.jpeg",
"https://maraelephantproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/Colin.jpeg",
"https://maraelephantproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Image-6-15-24-at-8.15 AM-300x287.jpg",
"https://maraelephantproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/LK.jpg",
"https://maraelephantproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/Picture1.jpg",
"https://maraelephantproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/336882136_932076628130104_1059421024044182933_n-300x249.jpg",
"https://maraelephantproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/1571879923394-1-e1686309844204-300x255.jpeg",
"https://maraelephantproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/WhatsApp-Image-2024-05-06-at-10.22.48-300x156.jpeg",
"https://maraelephantproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/Elsie-Mbugua-243x300.jpg",
"https://maraelephantproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/FrankNdiyo_19Short-e1686310706911-260x300.jpg",
"https://maraelephantproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/IMG_1479-300x169.jpg",
"https://maraelephantproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/Valery-Joanne-Super-bio-photo-2-e1686344977568-300x285.jpg",
"https://maraelephantproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/Profile-Picture-JFV-252x300.jpg",
"https://maraelephantproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/CHG_0826-240x300.jpg",
"https://maraelephantproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/DSC_0251-300x200.jpeg",
"https://maraelephantproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Torsten-Cadot-Headshot-300x200.jpg",
"https://maraelephantproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/CHG_0824-225x300.jpg",
"https://maraelephantproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Meshack-Gaga-Headshot-300x200.jpg",
"https://maraelephantproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/Dibblex-Headshot-300x300.jpeg",
"https://maraelephantproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/CHG_0896-223x300.jpg",
"https://maraelephantproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/CHG_0829-198x300.jpg",
"https://maraelephantproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/WhatsApp-Image-2022-04-28-at-9.26.55-AM-220x230.jpg",
"https://maraelephantproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Abigail-at-the-farm-300x200.jpg",
"https://maraelephantproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/DSC_0771-242x300.jpeg",
"https://maraelephantproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/WhatsApp-Image-2022-11-17-at-10.09.25-AM-300x200.jpeg",
"https://maraelephantproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Francis-Headshot-300x200.jpg",
"https://maraelephantproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Eric-Profile-300x300.jpg",
"https://maraelephantproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/MEP-Logo-Light.svg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] |
2016-03-16T21:07:41+00:00
|
https://www.jeffreywuphotography.com/
|
en
|
Mara Elephant Project
|
https://maraelephantproject.org/our-organization/meet-our-team/
|
Co-Founder
Suzanne Fehsenfeld co-founded Mara Elephant Project when she saw a need for investing in talented young conservation driven people that were making a difference protecting elephants and their key habitats during her extensive travels throughout Kenya. Originally the founder of the Sidekick Foundation, Inc.® in 2011, Suzie channels her passion for wildlife conservation with both a global and local lens. Globally, Suzie’s commitment prevails through her past work with The Nature Conservancy, Stop Ivory, Tusk Trust and LEWA Conservancy. Locally, in Indiana, she serves as a founder member of the Indianapolis Zoo. Suzie first visited Kenya with her husband Fred Fehsenfeld on their honeymoon in 1989; the beginning of many trips to Kenya for Suzie, which inspired the idea for Mara Elephant Project. The Sidekick Foundation® not only funds Mara Elephant Project but has a vested interest in youth conservation education in Kenya as well as sustainable community development through The Maa Trust.
Co-Founder
Richard Roberts co-founded Mara Elephant Project in 2011 with Suzie Fehensfeld. In 2011, Richard noticed an increase in elephant carcasses and this concern coupled with a tragic incident involving human-elephant conflict that occurred on his doorstep spurred Richard to act. Richard and Suzie teamed up and looked to local experts Mr. Brian Heath and Iain Douglas Hamilton to start a project that made protecting elephants and humans the core of its mission. Thus, Mara Elephant Project was born, and Marc Goss came on board to lead the first rapid response team. In 2000, together with his partner Liz, Richard created Richard’s Camp and in his role as owner, he secured key funding for MEP and participated in the growth of the organization from a single team to a world-class organization. Richard’s Camp served as the traveler’s first introduction to the Mara Elephant Project and to at-risk ecosystem conservation in general. Born in Kenya and raised in the Maasai Mara, Richard shared an inspiring knowledge and love of the local people, the wildlife and the beauty within this amazing area of the world. His lifetime of work in Africa led to significant accomplishments in the areas of habitat protection and wildlife conservation until his tragic death on August 17, 2019. Richard left behind Liz, and their children, and the rest of the Roberts family, who carry on his legacy through Richard’s Camp. Richard loved all creatures and by sharing this love for wildlife and wild spaces people gravitated toward him to join him on this most important journey to protect the Maasai Mara.
H.S.H. Princess Marie of Liechtenstein is Mara Elephant Project’s first Global Patron. In her role, Princess Marie will focus on expanding MEP’s brand and influence internationally to bolster the impact of a world-class conservation organization. It’s a natural role for Marie as she leads The Prince of Liechtenstein Winery and focuses on expanding their influence internationally. Marie is bringing her experience in marketing and public relations into her position as Global Patron. She was an original employee of Bismark Media Communications, now BPCM, the premier fashion PR firm in New York City. She grew up traveling to Kenya with her family after her mother visited Kenya in the 60s and established a home in the Shimba Hills next door to MEP CEO Marc Goss’ late father Ted. “I have been traveling to Kenya for many, many years and have forged strong relationships and friendships there. MEP in particular was a conduit for me into a deeper understanding of Kenya, its people and their determination to protect their natural heritage. I am truly honored and willingly accept this patronage. Together with the Trustees and staff, I hope we can have a life-long sustainable impact in the Mara for the communities and the beneficiary of all our work, the elephants,” said Marie. Having grown up as neighbors, Marie and Marc stayed in touch, and Marie’s love of elephants and their family connection made this position a natural fit. Princess Marie and her husband Prince Constantin have three children and they split their time between Austria, Kenya and Liechtenstein.
MEp image ambassador & resident photographer
Jeffrey Wu is a Canadian professional wildlife and nature photographer accredited by Professional Photographers of Canada (PPOC). He is Kenya Tourism Board Brand Partner, a HEIPI® Brand Ambassador and a commercial photographer contracted by Nikon. He is also a world-renowned photographic competition judge and has judged some of the most prestigious competitions of the world including: 2018-2019 Nikon Photo Contest and the 2017-2019 Nature’s Best Photography Africa.
Jeffrey was born and raised in Shanghai, China, he graduated from college with a B.Eng in 1988. In 1993, he immigrated to Canada, photography is his lifetime hobby and finally, he became a professional wildlife photographer in 2013, shortly after his first trip to Kenya in 2012. Jeffrey started taking photos at the age of 7, his biggest influence and discipline in the field of photography derive from his mother- a professional portrait photographer.
Jeffrey specializes in African wildlife photography and spends 10 months per year mainly in Kenya and other African countries pursuing his work. After his talent and influence on wildlife photography was recognized by the mainstream and in acknowledgement of Jeffrey’s constant effort in promoting tourism and conservation in Kenya, especially during the Covid-19 pandemic, he became Kenya Tourism Board’s ‘Magical Kenya’ Brand Partner.
Jeffrey is an artist, author, educator and a conservationist. His images and articles have been published in more than 120 publications worldwide including Chinese National Geography, Africa Geographic, Swara, The Times, People, Canadian Camera, Outdoor Photography Canada, The Daily Telegraph, The Daily Mail, Cultural Geography, The Daily Star and more.
Besides leading photography tours in Africa, Jeffrey have been actively involved with conservation and research projects since 2014. Learn more at www.jeffreywuphotography.com and follow him on Instagram, Facebook and TikTok.
Trustee
Lisa Karanja, Kenya Country Head for TBI, is a UK Barrister and Kenyan Advocate, with over 20 years’ experience in law, trade and regional integration in East Africa, the United Kingdom and the United States. Prior to TBIGC, she was the Senior Director for Business Competitiveness at Trademark EA coordinating export capacity, logistics, women and trade and private sector programmes for the EA region.
Prior to joining TMEA, Lisa’s career included commercial and criminal practice at chambers in London, followed by four years as a Snr Commercial Litigation Associate at Kaplan & Stratton, the largest commercial legal practice in EA. She is also a previous Orville Schell Fellow, Human Rights Watch in New York focusing on women’s rights in Africa. This was followed by a 3-year appointment as Senior Legal Advisor to the Permanent Secretary for Governance and Ethics in the Office of the President (Kenya,) and, consecutively, four years as Deputy-Director, Transparency International-Kenya.
Lisa is also a member of the Advisory Council for Kenya of the African Wildlife Fund, and the Boards of the Business Advocacy Fund, Muthaiga Country Club and the Mara Elephant Project. She is a recipient of the Chevening scholarship (FCDO); a graduate of the University of Warwick (LLB Hons) and the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy (MALD) and has received certification from the Inns of Court School of Law, Gray’s Inn and the Kenya School of Law.
Emeritus Trustee
Brian brought a wealth of experience that professionalized an emerging organization and allowed MEP to flourish. He spearheaded the initiative to put the conservation decision making in Kenyan hands by creating Mara Elephant Project Trust in Kenya and building strategies, budgets, policies and procedures from the ground up. His previous positions included Program Executive for Reconciliation and Human Rights Program at Atlantic Philanthropies in the Republic of Ireland for over a decade where he led their highly impactful grants programs in the areas of higher education, human rights, migration, disability and sexual orientation. He served as Advisory Board member of Ariadne, the European Network of Social Change and Human Rights funders, was a founding steering committee member of the European Consortium of Foundations on Human Rights and Disability, and vice-chair of the European Program on Integration and Migration from 2012 to 2014. He was the vice-chair and Non-Executive Director of Sevis Finansye Fonkoze, the largest micro finance institution in Haiti. In February 2023, not long after his passing, Brian was given an Emeritus Trustee position on the Mara Elephant Project Trust.
Loic is an accomplished business executive and entrepreneur with a strong focus on sustainability and social impact. Having previously worked as a Regional General Manager at Uber, he successfully launched and managed new markets in Europe, Middle East and Africa. This experience provided him with valuable insights into the transportation industry and deepened his understanding of sustainable mobility. Loic actively explored opportunities for collaboration with local communities and stakeholders to promote responsible and eco-friendly transportation options. As a General Partner at Ambo Ventures, a venture capital firm dedicated to promoting positive change through investing in climate startups, he has gained a wealth of knowledge in identifying and supporting impactful ventures. Through Ambo Ventures, he’s been at the forefront of driving investment in innovative and sustainable solutions across various sectors, including renewable energy, clean technology, ag tech and social enterprises. This experience has further deepened his commitment to addressing the climate crisis and finding sustainable solutions to pressing global challenges. Loic and his partner founded Emboo in 2019, the first carbon-neutral lodge in Africa. In his role as a Director, he drives strategic growth and business development and plays a leading role in implementing all sustainability initiatives.
Elsie is a passionate entrepreneur specializing in financial and technical advisory for energy and infrastructure transactions on the African Continent. She is an accomplished energy trader with extensive experience in global energy markets having worked for top financial institutions such as Goldman Sachs and J.P Morgan in London, Houston and New York. Most recently, she has committed herself to working on challenging transactions in Energy and Infrastructure in East Africa and is considered a thought leader in East Africa’s energy markets. She is the Founder and Managing Director of Leadwood Energy, an award winning advisory firm specializing in the provision of oil and gas, renewable energy and climate change related transactions. She is also the co-founder of a charitable water infrastructure non-profit – Ekenywa – which provides access to clean water in rural parts of Kenya. She sits on the United States Board of the BOMA Project which deploys capital to women entrepreneurs in industries and sectors that are most vulnerable to climate change across Africa and is on the Board of Kenya Pipeline Corporation as the Technical Chair responsible for the company’s capital expenditure budget, projects and technical oversight.
Frank-Astère Ndiyo-Butoyi is an accomplished investment professional with over ten years of experience in investment banking and private equity with a specific focus on Africa. He has worked extensively in the United States, France, and Africa. For the past eight years, Frank held the position of Investment Director at Amethis, where he is responsible for overseeing investment and portfolio activities in East and Southern Africa. Amethis is a unique Private Equity platform that is exclusively dedicated to the African continent. As a member of the Edmond De Rothschild partnership, it employs investment tools designed to support African entrepreneurs and companies, with the ultimate goal of fostering the growth of African champions. Moreover, Amethis aims to make a positive impact on the economic development and inclusivity of the companies, countries and regions it invests in. Since 2018, Frank has relocated to Kenya to establish and manage Amethis operations in the East African region. During his time there, he has developed a profound affection for the country, particularly the communities and wildlife around Maasai Mara were for example he organized food drives to assist the Maasai communities during the challenging times of the COVID-19 crisis. Prior to joining Amethis, Frank achieved a successful career in Banking and Finance, having worked at renowned institutions such as Société Générale in New York, as well as HSBC, Natixis, and KPMG in Paris. Alongside his professional endeavors, Frank is an active contributor to various organizations and boards, including the East African Venture Capital Association, Ramco Group, and the French Chamber of Commerce in Kenya. He is a native of Burundi where he grew up and holds a master’s degree in Global Markets and Investment Banking from Dauphine University in Paris.
Jorge is an investment director at the Liechtenstein Group, where he is responsible for the firm’s portfolio and investments in the agriculture & food and forestry sectors. The Group, owned by the Princely Family of Liechtenstein, has been investing over generations in sustainable and innovative business models and provides patient capital across the agriculture & food, forestry, renewable energy, and real estate sectors. In the past, he’s served as a senior vice president at McKinsey & Company, led the business transformation efforts of Galp and Abanca, worked as an investment professional at EBG Capital, the European Investment Bank and LeapFrog Investments, and as an entrepreneur in the farming and AgTech sectors in Spain and in West Africa. Jorge loves teaching and is an adjunct professor of strategy at IE Business School; and he’s taught in executive programs at other schools (e.g., MIT Sloan, Loyola University, University of Alicante, EF Business School). He is also a research fellow at the Center for African and Development Studies (CEsA) of University of Lisbon. Jorge has spent extensive periods of time in Africa, and he’s been to 100+ countries (and counting). He’s a voracious reader and collector and student of Contemporary African art, serving on Tate’s Africa Acquisition Committee.
Special projects manager
Wilson grew up in the Maasai Mara and joined the MEP team in 2015. Wilson’s role at MEP is all encompassing. He is tasked with tracking all 23 of MEP’s collared elephants and relaying their coordinates to MEP rangers in the field. He must keep up with the near real-time alerts for elephants in danger or a failed collar. He is also in charge of the backend data necessary to keep track of MEP ranger movements and various other data collected. Additionally, Wilson has taken a leading role in MEP’s school planting initiative, chili fence project and our upcoming unmanned aerial vehicle re-integration. After finishing high school, Wilson completed a diploma at the Maasai Mara University in social work and community development. He then taught children at the Olemoncho Primary School before joining MEP.
senior advisor
Dr. Jake Wall joined MEP in January 2019 as the director of research and conservation and led MEP’s applied research agenda aimed at enhancing the protection of elephants and the habitats until 2024 when he started in his new role as senior advisor to the CEO. Dr. Wall completed an undergraduate degree in physics and then a master’s degree in geography at Queen’s University in Canada specializing in RADAR remote sensing in the Canadian arctic. He began as a volunteer with Save the Elephants (STE) in 2003 and completed a PhD in geography at the University of British Columbia in 2015 studying the geospatial analysis of African elephant movement. Dr. Wall built a real-time monitoring system while at STE during his PhD, which advanced into the EarthRanger system built by AI2, which MEP now uses for the real-time tracking of elephants, rangers and other assets. Jake is originally from Canada but attended the International School of Kenya in Nairobi during the 1990s.
CO-EXISTENCE farm manager
Abigael Simaloi Pertet is researching solutions for agricultural communities living in conflict with elephants through the MEP Co-Existence Farm Project, which she manages. She was born and raised in Kajiado County and completed her primary school studies at Kajiado Hill Academy and later joined Starehe Girls center and Starehe Institute for computer and accounting. In 2012, she got a MasterCard Scholarship to study Agronomic Engineering at EARTH University in Costa Rica where she graduated with honors. While growing up, Abigael’s single mother depended on charcoal burning as a source of income. Seeing the devastating effects of the land degradation in her home area stoked her passion for the restoring the environment. She founded an environmental conservation group for youth, Save Our World, and they planted over 5,000 trees in her hometown. After her undergraduate, Abigael and friends formed the Naramat Olosho Environmental women’s group to plant trees and educate school children on environmental conservation in the savanna areas. She is married with two young children.
|
|||||
7733
|
dbpedia
|
0
| 46
|
https://www.studyin-usa.com/study-guide/best-business-schools-in-the-usa/
|
en
|
Top 10 US Business Schools
|
[
"https://www.facebook.com/tr?id=854183162829655&ev=PageView&noscript=1",
"https://siuk-europe.s3.amazonaws.com/static/original_images/SI-USA.webp",
"https://siuk-india.s3.amazonaws.com/static/original_images/us-flag-icon.png",
"https://siuk-india.s3.amazonaws.com/static/original_images/us-flag-icon.png",
"https://siuk-india.s3.amazonaws.com/static/original_images/japan-flag-icon.png",
"https://siuk-india.s3.amazonaws.com/static/original_images/thailand-flag-icon.jpg",
"https://siuk-europe.s3.amazonaws.com/static/original_images/best-business-school-in-the-usa.webp",
"https://siuk-india.s3.amazonaws.com/assets/images/notepad.png",
"https://siuk-india.s3.amazonaws.com/static/original_images/si-usa-upd-testimonil.png",
"https://siuk-india.s3.amazonaws.com/static/original_images/western-oregon-university-logo.jpg",
"https://siuk-india.s3.amazonaws.com/static/original_images/ucsb_230x90.webp",
"https://siuk-india.s3.amazonaws.com/static/original_images/hult-logo2015.jpg",
"https://siuk-india.s3.amazonaws.com/static/original_images/",
"https://siuk-india.s3.amazonaws.com/static/original_images/lakeland-university-logo.jpg",
"https://siuk-india.s3.amazonaws.com/static/original_images/utah-tech-university-logo.jpg",
"https://siuk-india.s3.amazonaws.com/static/original_images/bellarmine-university.webp",
"https://siuk-india.s3.amazonaws.com/static/original_images/palm-beach-atlantic-university-logo.jpg",
"https://siuk-india.s3.amazonaws.com/static/original_images/utsa-logo.webp",
"https://siuk-india.s3.amazonaws.com/static/original_images/central-methodist-university-logo.jpg",
"https://siuk-india.s3.amazonaws.com/static/original_images/purdue-logo.webp",
"https://siuk-india.s3.amazonaws.com/static/original_images/austin-college-logo.jpg",
"https://siuk-india.s3.amazonaws.com/static/original_images/wentworth-institute-of-technology-logo.jpg",
"https://siuk-india.s3.amazonaws.com/static/original_images/cleveland-state-university-logo.jpg",
"https://siuk-india.s3.amazonaws.com/static/original_images/university-of-kansas-logo.jpg",
"https://siuk-india.s3.amazonaws.com/static/original_images/belmont-university-logo.jpg",
"https://siuk-india.s3.amazonaws.com/static/original_images/bridgewater-college-logo.jpg",
"https://siuk-india.s3.amazonaws.com/static/original_images/nevada-reno-logo.webp",
"https://siuk-india.s3.amazonaws.com/static/original_images/university-of-massachusetts-boston.jpg",
"https://siuk-india.s3.amazonaws.com/static/original_images/university-of-lynchburg-logo.jpg",
"https://siuk-india.s3.amazonaws.com/static/original_images/lycoming-college-logo.jpg",
"https://siuk-india.s3.amazonaws.com/static/original_images/university-of-saint-mary-logo.jpg",
"https://siuk-india.s3.amazonaws.com/static/original_images/hiram-college-logo.jpg",
"https://siuk-india.s3.amazonaws.com/static/original_images/york-college-of-pennsylvania-logo.jpg",
"https://siuk-india.s3.amazonaws.com/static/original_images/robert-morris-university-logo.jpg",
"https://siuk-india.s3.amazonaws.com/static/original_images/lynn-university-logo.webp",
"https://siuk-india.s3.amazonaws.com/static/original_images/dean-college-logo.webp",
"https://siuk-india.s3.amazonaws.com/static/original_images/portland-state-university-logo.webp",
"https://siuk-india.s3.amazonaws.com/static/original_images/auburn-university-logo.jpg",
"https://siuk-india.s3.amazonaws.com/static/original_images/pennsylvania_230x90.webp",
"https://siuk-india.s3.amazonaws.com/static/original_images/cornish-college-of-the-arts-logo.jpg",
"https://siuk-india.s3.amazonaws.com/static/original_images/mount-st-marys-university.webp",
"https://siuk-india.s3.amazonaws.com/static/original_images/st-catherine-logo.webp",
"https://siuk-india.s3.amazonaws.com/static/original_images/university-of-illinois-at-chicago-uic-logo.jpg",
"https://siuk-india.s3.amazonaws.com/static/original_images/wisconsin-whitewater-logo.webp",
"https://siuk-india.s3.amazonaws.com/static/original_images/university-of-massachusetts-amherst-logo.jpg",
"https://siuk-india.s3.amazonaws.com/static/original_images/amda-logo.webp",
"https://siuk-india.s3.amazonaws.com/static/original_images/southwestern-university-logo.jpg",
"https://siuk-india.s3.amazonaws.com/static/original_images/holy-cross-college-at-notre-dame.webp",
"https://siuk-india.s3.amazonaws.com/static/original_images/oxford-international-logo.jpg",
"https://siuk-india.s3.amazonaws.com/static/original_images/princeton.webp",
"https://siuk-india.s3.amazonaws.com/static/original_images/",
"https://siuk-india.s3.amazonaws.com/static/original_images/uaf-logo.webp",
"https://siuk-india.s3.amazonaws.com/static/original_images/towson-university-logo.jpg",
"https://siuk-india.s3.amazonaws.com/static/original_images/florida_230x90.webp",
"https://siuk-india.s3.amazonaws.com/static/original_images/tulane-university-logo.jpg",
"https://siuk-india.s3.amazonaws.com/static/original_images/wilson-college-logo.jpg",
"https://siuk-india.s3.amazonaws.com/static/original_images/hult-logo2015.jpg",
"https://siuk-india.s3.amazonaws.com/static/original_images/florida-international-university-logo.jpg",
"https://siuk-india.s3.amazonaws.com/static/original_images/uni-of-wyoming.webp",
"https://siuk-india.s3.amazonaws.com/static/original_images/blackburn-college-logo.jpg",
"https://siuk-india.s3.amazonaws.com/static/original_images/university-of-central-florida-logo.jpg",
"https://siuk-india.s3.amazonaws.com/static/original_images/ohio-wesleyan-university.webp",
"https://siuk-india.s3.amazonaws.com/static/original_images/fairfield-university.webp",
"https://siuk-india.s3.amazonaws.com/static/original_images/adelphi-university-logo.jpg",
"https://siuk-india.s3.amazonaws.com/static/original_images/whittier-college-logo.webp",
"https://siuk-india.s3.amazonaws.com/static/original_images/navitas-logo.jpg",
"https://siuk-india.s3.amazonaws.com/static/original_images/unc-charlotte-logo.webp",
"https://siuk-india.s3.amazonaws.com/static/original_images/virginia-wesleyan-university-logo.jpg",
"https://siuk-india.s3.amazonaws.com/static/original_images/washington-jefferson-college-logo.jpg",
"https://siuk-india.s3.amazonaws.com/static/original_images/shenandoah-university-logo.jpg",
"https://siuk-india.s3.amazonaws.com/static/original_images/university-of-dayton-logo.jpg",
"https://siuk-india.s3.amazonaws.com/static/original_images/illinois-state-university-logo.webp",
"https://siuk-india.s3.amazonaws.com/static/original_images/university-of-utah-logo.jpg",
"https://siuk-india.s3.amazonaws.com/static/original_images/Missouri_State_230x90.webp",
"https://siuk-india.s3.amazonaws.com/static/original_images/maryland-university-logo.webp",
"https://siuk-india.s3.amazonaws.com/static/original_images/university-of-south-carolina-logo.jpg",
"https://siuk-india.s3.amazonaws.com/static/original_images/kaplan-logo.jpg",
"https://siuk-india.s3.amazonaws.com/static/original_images/study-group-logo.jpg",
"https://siuk-india.s3.amazonaws.com/static/original_images/george-washington-university-logo.webp",
"https://siuk-india.s3.amazonaws.com/static/original_images/st-bonaventure-university-logo.webp",
"https://siuk-india.s3.amazonaws.com/static/original_images/university-at-buffalo.webp",
"https://siuk-india.s3.amazonaws.com/static/original_images/minnesota-logo.webp",
"https://siuk-india.s3.amazonaws.com/static/original_images/jacksonville-university-logo.jpg",
"https://siuk-india.s3.amazonaws.com/static/original_images/american-university-logo.jpg",
"https://siuk-india.s3.amazonaws.com/static/original_images/",
"https://siuk-india.s3.amazonaws.com/static/original_images/randolph-college-logo.jpg",
"https://siuk-india.s3.amazonaws.com/static/original_images/barton-college-logo.jpg",
"https://siuk-india.s3.amazonaws.com/static/original_images/kings-education-230.jpg",
"https://siuk-india.s3.amazonaws.com/static/original_images/gonzaga-university-logo.jpg",
"https://siuk-india.s3.amazonaws.com/static/original_images/university-of-the-pacific-logo.jpg",
"https://siuk-india.s3.amazonaws.com/static/original_images/american-collegiate-dc-logo.jpg",
"https://siuk-india.s3.amazonaws.com/static/original_images/pennsylvania-state-university-230x90.webp",
"https://siuk-india.s3.amazonaws.com/static/original_images/american-collegiate-live-logo.jpg",
"https://siuk-india.s3.amazonaws.com/static/original_images/redlands-logo.webp",
"https://siuk-india.s3.amazonaws.com/static/original_images/moravian-uni.webp",
"https://siuk-india.s3.amazonaws.com/static/original_images/rutgers-university-camden.webp",
"https://siuk-india.s3.amazonaws.com/static/original_images/northeastern_230x90.webp",
"https://siuk-india.s3.amazonaws.com/static/original_images/colby-sawyer-logo.webp",
"https://siuk-india.s3.amazonaws.com/static/original_images/university-of-illinois-springfield-logo.jpg",
"https://siuk-india.s3.amazonaws.com/static/original_images/johns-hopkins-university-logo.jpg",
"https://siuk-india.s3.amazonaws.com/static/original_images/lewis-university-logo.jpg",
"https://siuk-india.s3.amazonaws.com/static/original_images/schreiner-university-logo.jpg",
"https://siuk-india.s3.amazonaws.com/static/original_images/west-virginia-logo.webp",
"https://siuk-india.s3.amazonaws.com/static/original_images/eureka-college-logo.jpg",
"https://siuk-india.s3.amazonaws.com/static/original_images/",
"https://siuk-india.s3.amazonaws.com/static/original_images/into-logo.jpg",
"https://siuk-india.s3.amazonaws.com/static/original_images/western-new-england-university-logo.jpg",
"https://siuk-india.s3.amazonaws.com/static/original_images/st-thomas-aquinas-college-logo.jpg",
"https://siuk-india.s3.amazonaws.com/static/original_images/MaMurry-University-230x90.webp",
"https://siuk-india.s3.amazonaws.com/static/original_images/hult-logo2015.jpg",
"https://siuk-india.s3.amazonaws.com/static/original_images/stony-brook-university-logo.webp",
"https://siuk-india.s3.amazonaws.com/static/original_images/uni-of-dbq.webp",
"https://siuk-india.s3.amazonaws.com/static/original_images/rutgers-new-brunswick-logo.webp",
"https://siuk-india.s3.amazonaws.com/static/original_images/oklahoma-city-university-logo.jpg",
"https://siuk-india.s3.amazonaws.com/static/original_images/study-group-logo.jpg",
"https://siuk-india.s3.amazonaws.com/static/original_images/louisiana-state-university-logo.jpg",
"https://siuk-india.s3.amazonaws.com/static/original_images/edgewood-college-logo.jpg",
"https://siuk-india.s3.amazonaws.com/static/original_images/san-jose-state-logo.webp",
"https://siuk-india.s3.amazonaws.com/static/original_images/pepperdine-university-logo.webp",
"https://siuk-india.s3.amazonaws.com/static/original_images/auburn-university-at-montgomery-logo.jpg",
"https://siuk-india.s3.amazonaws.com/static/original_images/university-of-portland-logo.webp",
"https://siuk-india.s3.amazonaws.com/static/original_images/tusculum-university-logo.jpg",
"https://siuk-india.s3.amazonaws.com/static/original_images/american-collegiate-la-logo.jpg",
"https://siuk-india.s3.amazonaws.com/static/original_images/carroll-university-logo.webp",
"https://siuk-india.s3.amazonaws.com/static/original_images/sothebys-logo.jpg",
"https://siuk-india.s3.amazonaws.com/static/original_images/",
"https://siuk-europe.s3.amazonaws.com/static/original_images/twitter-x-logo.webp",
"https://googleads.g.doubleclick.net/pagead/viewthroughconversion/806524655/?label=u9ThCNnfhogBEO-tyoAD&guid=ON&script=0"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"SI-USA"
] |
2023-08-22T00:00:00
|
Learn more about the best business schools in the US and some of the influential alumni who studied there. - 22 August 2023
|
en
|
https://www.studyin-usa.com/study-guide/best-business-schools-in-the-usa/
|
In the fast-paced and competitive world of business, quality education can make all the difference. With many options available, aspiring business leaders often wonder which institutions offer the best MBA programs to help, we've compiled a list of the top 10 business schools in the USA to help you navigate your way to success, and also who the famous business alumni that attended that school were.
Contact SI-USA today to set up a free consultation to discuss how we can assist you in submitting a strong application to attend school in the nation's capital and begin your path to a prosperous business career.
Top 10 USA Business Schools
Learn more about the best business schools in the US (U.S. News Best Business School Ranking) below.
1. Harvard Business School
Location: Boston, Massachusetts
Notable Alumni: Sheryl Sandberg, Michael Bloomberg
Renowned for: Strong emphasis on leadership and global perspective
Harvard Business School is an iconic name in business education. Located in the vibrant city of Boston, it boasts a distinguished list of alumni, including Sheryl Sandberg, COO of Facebook, and Michael Bloomberg, former Mayor of New York City. The school's case study teaching method immerses students in real-world business scenarios, honing their problem-solving skills. With a strong emphasis on leadership and a global outlook, Harvard Business School prepares students to lead on a grand scale.
2. Stanford Graduate School of Business
Location: Stanford, California
Notable Alumni: Phil Knight, Mary Barra
Known for: A collaborative and diverse learning environment
Nestled in the heart of Silicon Valley, the Stanford Graduate School of Business stands out for its emphasis on innovation and entrepreneurship. With notable alumni like Phil Knight, co-founder of Nike, and Mary Barra, CEO of General Motors, the school's influence is evident. The innovative curriculum encourages students to tackle real-world challenges, while the collaborative atmosphere fosters cross-disciplinary learning, mirroring the dynamic nature of the tech industry.
3. The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania
Location: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Notable Alumni: Warren Buffet, Elon Musk
Known for: Extensive network and opportunities for experiential learning
The Wharton School, located in the historic city of Philadelphia, has a rich tradition of producing business leaders. Counting Warren Buffet and Elon Musk among its alumni, Wharton places a strong emphasis on analytical rigor and data-driven decision-making. The school's extensive network provides students with unparalleled opportunities for experiential learning, enabling them to apply classroom knowledge to real-world situations.
4. MIT Sloan School of Management
Location: Cambridge, Massachusetts
Notable Alumni: Kofi Annan, Benjamin Netanyahu
Known for: Strong focus on technological innovation and entrepreneurship
As part of the renowned Massachusetts Institute of Technology, the MIT Sloan School of Management leverages its technological prowess to create the business leaders of tomorrow. With notable alumni like Kofi Annan and Benjamin Netanyahu, the school emphasizes technological innovation and entrepreneurship. Its diverse range of specialized tracks and international opportunities equips students with a global perspective on business challenges.
5. Chicago Booth School of Business, University of Chicago
Location: Chicago, Illinois
Notable Alumni: Satya Nadella, Megan Smith
Known for: Flexible curriculum and data-driven approach to business education
Situated in the vibrant city of Chicago, the Booth School of Business at the University of Chicago boasts a flexible curriculum that allows students to tailor their education to their career goals. With notable alumni like Satya Nadella, CEO of Microsoft, and Megan Smith, former CTO of the United States, the school's data-driven approach to business education equips students with the skills needed to excel in today's data-driven world. Emphasizing intellectual curiosity and diverse perspectives, Booth prepares students to tackle complex challenges.
6. Columbia Business School
Location: New York City, New York
Notable Alumni: Warren Buffet, Indra Nooyi
Known for: Strong connections to the business community in NYC
Located in the heart of New York City, Columbia Business School offers a unique advantage with its proximity to the epicenter of global business. With notable alumni including Warren Buffet and Indra Nooyi, the school provides a rigorous and comprehensive core curriculum that covers a wide range of business disciplines. Its strong connections to the bustling business community of NYC offer students invaluable networking opportunities and hands-on experiences.
7. Kellogg School of Management, Northwestern University
Location: Evanston, Illinois
Notable Alumni: Ann Mukherjee, Ted Leonsis
Known for: Collaborative culture and emphasis on marketing
Situated in Evanston, just outside of Chicago, the Kellogg School of Management is known for its emphasis on teamwork, leadership, and experiential learning. With notable alumni such as Ann Mukherjee, CEO of Pernod Ricard North America, and Ted Leonsis, CEO of Monumental Sports & Entertainment, Kellogg's collaborative culture prepares students to excel in team-based business environments. Its strong focus on marketing aligns well with today's consumer-driven economy.
8. Tuck School of Business, Dartmouth College
Location: Hanover, New Hampshire
Notable Alumni: Roger McNamee, Robert Reich
Known for: Leadership, collaboration, and ethical decision-making
Nestled in the picturesque town of Hanover, New Hampshire, the Tuck School of Business offers a tight-knit community that fosters strong relationships and personalized attention. With notable alumni like Roger McNamee and Robert Reich, the school prides itself on its emphasis on leadership, collaboration, and ethical decision-making. Tuck's focus on developing well-rounded individuals aligns with the demands of today's socially conscious business landscape.
9. Haas School of Business, University of California--Berkeley
Location: Berkeley, California
Notable Alumni: Shantanu Narayen, Laura Tyson
Known for: Strong focus on sustainable business practices and innovation
Situated in the innovation hub of Berkeley, California, the Haas School of Business is known for its commitment to sustainable business practices and innovation. Notable alumni such as Shantanu Narayen, CEO of Adobe, and Laura Tyson, former Chair of the US President's Council of Economic Advisers, reflect the school's impact. Haas's strong focus on sustainability and diversity creates a dynamic learning environment that prepares students for the challenges of the future.
10. Yale School of Management
Location: New Haven, Connecticut
Notable Alumni: Indra Nooyi, Jeff Weiner
Known for: Integrated curriculum and emphasis on leadership
Situated in the historic town of New Haven, Connecticut, the Yale School of Management is renowned for its integrated curriculum that encourages students to explore various business disciplines. With notable alumni like Indra Nooyi, former CEO of PepsiCo, and Jeff Weiner, former CEO of LinkedIn, the school places a strong emphasis on leadership and interpersonal skills. Yale's commitment to interdisciplinary learning and global experiences equips students with a well-rounded business education.
Study at a USA Business School
|
||||||
7733
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 49
|
https://www.commandeducation.com/colleges/massachusetts-institute-of-technology/
|
en
|
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
|
[
"https://px.ads.linkedin.com/collect/?pid=4003585&fmt=gif",
"https://www.commandeducation.com/wp-content/uploads/command-education-logo.png",
"https://www.commandeducation.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/BU.png",
"https://www.commandeducation.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/notre-dame-of-maryland-university.jpg",
"https://www.commandeducation.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Yale-University-Campus-aerial-view.jpg",
"https://www.commandeducation.com/wp-content/uploads/georgetown-university-small.jpg",
"https://www.commandeducation.com/wp-content/uploads/command-education-logo-2x-1.png",
"https://www.commandeducation.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/NACAC.png",
"https://www.facebook.com/tr?id=2024755224462973&ev=PageView&noscript=1",
"https://monitor.clickcease.com",
"https://www.commandeducation.com/wp-content/uploads/command-education-logo-300x72.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] |
2024-08-13T13:20:47-04:00
|
The Massachusetts Institute of Technology was founded in 1865 as a “private university in the public interest”, establishing a tradition of innovative and eventually technology-centric problem-solving for the greater good. MIT is a 166-acre university in Cambridge, Massachusetts and the highest-ranking technical institute in the U.S. Right across the bridge from Boston, and just down the road from Harvard, it’s a home to world-class innovators, engineers, scientists, and maybe even you some day!
|
en
|
/wp-content/uploads/fbrfg/apple-touch-icon.png?v=LbxjbLY2lL
|
Command Education
|
https://www.commandeducation.com/colleges/massachusetts-institute-of-technology/
|
How difficult is it to get into MIT?
MIT is a very selective university. Of the 26,914 students who applied to MIT in the 2022-23 cycle, 1,291 were offered admission to the Class of 2027, making the acceptance rate 4.8%. The EA acceptance rate was slightly higher, at 5.7%, as MIT accepted 685 of the 11,924 students who applied for Early Admission. Test scores range near perfection across the board—the 25th and 75th percentiles for the ACT composite were 34 and 36, the SAT Math 780 and 800, and the SAT ERW 740 and 780, respectively.
Although MIT is a STEM-focused school where competitive test scores are a prerequisite for admission, they also care greatly about school fit. They want skilled students who make an impact in an area they are very passionate about, take risks, and work well with others. The most attractive candidates are those who demonstrate initiative and ownership of their own learning and opportunities.
MIT encourages interested applicants to attend an interview in their area or via Skype during the application process. These interviews last anywhere between 30 minutes and two hours. Although an interview is not mandatory and won’t make or break a student’s application, interviews are a helpful tool for showing MIT what makes you a unique and valuable member of their community.
What is the campus like at MIT?
You might imagine a campus full of Nobel Prize-bound scientists to be serious and a bit dull, but MIT is actually the complete opposite. MIT has an open campus, so while you might be in lecture halls with Nobel laureates and MacArthur fellows, when you step outside you’ll be greeted by jugglers and fire spinners alongside the tourists and other students. MIT’s museums and libraries are open to the public, so even those academic spaces are much more diverse than those at a typical college campus.
The campus boasts more than 20 gardens and green spaces to soak up the sun when you’re not braving the legendary New England winters. Cambridge is America’s oldest college town, and Boston is as college-friendly as its neighbor. Throughout the school year, there are events across the city that college students can enjoy, as well as easy transportation to New Haven, Providence, and New York for when you want to break out of the Cambridge bubble.
All MIT freshmen must live in a residence hall, even if they choose to affiliate with an FSILG (Fraternity, Sorority, or Independent Living Groups). The summer before freshman year, students rank the ten residence halls in order of preference. If you end up in a residence hall you don’t love, you can apply to transfer dorms at the beginning of each year. During sophomore–senior year, students have the option to continue living in residential halls or move to an FSILG. More than 3,400 undergraduates live on campus, and nearly half of MIT’s undergraduate students are affiliated with an FSILG, so you won’t be the odd one out if you choose to do so. Keep in mind that each of the residence halls and FSILGs vary in cost and have distinct cultures and rules.
Embracing a work-hard-play-hard attitude, MIT also has a colorful historical tradition of ethical hacks and pranks.
What is MIT known for?
MIT is a world-class institution with particular prestige in science, engineering and mathematics. The U.S. has sent 44 MIT-educated astronauts to space as of 2024, and the institution boasts 101 Nobel Prize winners, 26 Turing Award winners, and 8 Fields Medalists as of October 2023. Notable alumni include astronaut Buzz Aldrin, nuclear physicist Shirley Ann Jackson, and UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan (honorable mention: Marvel Universe character Tony Stark).
How diverse is MIT?
For the Class of 2027, 49% of students identified as male, 48% of students identified as female, 4% identified as another gender identity, and 2% declined to disclose (total exceeds 100%, as students could indicate more than one option). Forty percent are Asian American, 38% are White/Caucasian, 16% are Hispanic, 15% are Black/African American, and 2% are American Indian/Alaskan Native and 1% are Native Hawaiian (likewise, total exceeds 100%, as students could indicate more than one option). The most recent class of 1,092 MIT students hails from 49 states and 59 countries, and 18% were among the first generation in their family to attend college.
How do I apply to MIT?
MIT has both Early Action (EA) and Regular Action (RA) deadlines. Early applicants must submit their materials by November 1. Students applying in the Regular Action cycle need to do so by January 4. It is important for students to note that MIT is not test-optional. In addition to filling out the MIT Application and submitting essays for all MIT supplements, students will have to submit one evaluation from a science or math teacher and one from a humanities, social science, or language teacher. You can also submit additional materials via fax (most ideal) or mail.
Does MIT have a good athletic department?
Boasting an active and distinguished Division III athletics program, MIT supports one of the broadest intercollegiate athletic programs in the world. Approximately 25% of the student body participates in the 33 varsity sports, and at 233 Academic All-America citations, the university has earned more than any other Division III athletics program in the nation.
The MIT Engineers compete at the Division I level in crew, fencing, track and field, cross country, squash, water polo, rifle, and sailing. Outside of the varsity level, MIT also has an expansive club program with 900 participants and 33 teams – a quarter of these reside within martial arts alone!
What are MIT’s core curriculum and programs?
MIT consists of six schools, across which there are 58 majors and 59 minors. The six schools are School of Architecture and Planning, School of Engineering, School of Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences, MIT Sloan School of Management, School of Science, and the MIT Schwarzman College of Computing. Unlike some other colleges, MIT applicants don’t have to apply to a specific school. All MIT undergrads enter undeclared and choose a school during their sophomore year. In this approach, students have time to explore classes from all six schools and make an informed decision about which major is the best option for them. Some of the most popular areas of study are within Science and Math, but MIT offers everything from Ancient and Medieval Studies to Flexible Nuclear Science and Engineering. Many of the majors are also offered as minors, so if you’re interested in both humanities and STEM, MIT allows you to pursue your passions in a dynamic and intentional way.
Can I afford MIT?
MIT is one of only seven universities in the nation to offer full-need aid and need-blind admissions and one of only five U.S. universities to be need-blind for both domestic and foreign students,. The full price of an MIT education for the 2024–25 academic year (including tuition, fees, room, board, food, books, course materials, supplies, equipment and personal expenses) is $85,960. Families with incomes and assets totaling under $140,000 receive MIT Scholarship funding, allowing them to attend MIT tuition-free, while families making under $75,000 are exempt from any expenses towards an MIT education.
|
||||
7733
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 30
|
https://tcglobal.com/universities/usa/caltech-vs-mit/
|
en
|
Caltech vs MIT: How Do They Compare [2024]
|
[
"https://www.facebook.com/tr?id=1720237644879351&ev=PageView&noscript=1",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/thechoprasglobal_logo.jpg",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/cart-icon.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/Anugraha-Photo-96x96.jpeg",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/MIT-vs-CalTech-An-Overview-600x338.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/MIT-vs-CalTech-Academic-Comparison-600x338.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/MIT-vs-CalTech-Campus-Life-and-Environment-600x338.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/MIT-vs-CalTech-Financial-Aspects-600x338.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/MIT-vs-CalTech-Career-Prospects-and-Alumni-Network-600x338.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Conclusion-600x338.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/FAQ-600x338.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/down_2.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/down_2.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Cover-Image.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/whiteforward.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Cover-Image-3.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Cover-Image-2.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Cover-Image-1.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Cover-Image-4.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Cover-Image-3.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Cover-Image-2.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Cover-Image-1.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Cover-Image-9.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Cover-Image-8.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Cover-Image-7.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Cover-Image-6.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Cover-Image-5.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Cover-Image-4.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Cover-Image-2.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Cover-Image-3.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Cover-Image.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Cover-Image-5.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Cover-Image.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Cover-Image-3.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Cover-Image-5.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Cover-Image-10.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Cover-Image-12.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Cover-Image-13.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Cover-Image.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Cover-Image-1.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Cover-Image-2.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Cover-Image-1.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Cover-Image-4.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/whiteforward.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Cover-Image-3.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Cover-Image-2.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Cover-Image-1.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Cover-Image-4.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Cover-Image-3.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Cover-Image-2.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Cover-Image-1.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Cover-Image-9.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Cover-Image-8.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Cover-Image-7.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Cover-Image-6.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Cover-Image-5.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Cover-Image-4.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Cover-Image-2.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Cover-Image-3.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Cover-Image.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Cover-Image-5.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Cover-Image.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Cover-Image-3.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Cover-Image-5.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Cover-Image-10.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Cover-Image-12.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Cover-Image-13.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Cover-Image.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Cover-Image-1.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Cover-Image-2.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Cover-Image-1.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Cover-Image-4.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/map-close.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/map-close.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/tcglobal-beBorderless.jpg",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/map-close.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/drop-tick.jpg",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/drop-tick.jpg",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/drop-tick.jpg",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/drop-tick.jpg",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/drop-tick.jpg",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/drop-tick.jpg",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/map-close.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/map-close.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/drop-tick.jpg",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/drop-tick.jpg",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/drop-tick.jpg",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/drop-tick.jpg",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/map-close.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/map-close.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/whiteforward.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/calendar-icon.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/time.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/drop-tick.jpg",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/drop-tick.jpg",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/drop-tick.jpg",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/drop-tick.jpg",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/drop-tick.jpg",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/drop-tick.jpg",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/drop-tick.jpg",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/drop-tick.jpg",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/drop-tick.jpg",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/whiteforward.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/globaled-icon1.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/globaled-icon-red1.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/badge-red.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/globaled-icon2.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/globaled-icon-red2.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/badge-red.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/globaled-icon3.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/globaled-icon-red3.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/badge-red.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/globaled-icon4.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/globaled-icon-red4.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/badge-red.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/globaled-icon5.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/globaled-icon-red5.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/badge-red.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/globaled-icon6.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/globaled-icon-red6.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/badge-red.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/whiteforward.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/whiteforward.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/map-close.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/choosen-box-img1.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/globaled-icon-red2.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/badge-red.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/choosen-box-img2.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/choosen-box-img2-red.jpg",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/badge-red.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/choosen-box-img3.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/choosen-box-img3-red.jpg",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/badge-red.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/whiteforward.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/calendar-icon.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/time.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/drop-tick.jpg",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/drop-tick.jpg",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/drop-tick.jpg",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/drop-tick.jpg",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/drop-tick.jpg",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/drop-tick.jpg",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/drop-tick.jpg",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/drop-tick.jpg",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/drop-tick.jpg",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/whiteforward.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/globaled-icon1.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/globaled-icon-red1.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/badge-red.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/globaled-icon2.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/globaled-icon-red2.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/badge-red.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/globaled-icon3.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/globaled-icon-red3.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/badge-red.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/globaled-icon4.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/globaled-icon-red4.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/badge-red.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/globaled-icon5.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/globaled-icon-red5.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/badge-red.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/globaled-icon6.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/globaled-icon-red6.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/badge-red.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/lidership-default.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/lidership-active.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/badge-red.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/staff-default.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/staff-active.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/badge-red.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/studentEngagement-default.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/studentEngagement-active.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/badge-red.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/globaled-icon6.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/globaled-icon-red6.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/badge-red.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/global-learn-icon1.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/global-learn-red-icon1.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/badge-red.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/global-learn-icon2.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/global-learn-red-icon2.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/badge-red.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/global-learn-icon3.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/global-learn-red-icon3.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/badge-red.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/global-learn-icon4.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/global-learn-red-icon4.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/badge-red.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/globaled-icon6.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/globaled-icon-red6.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/badge-red.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/badge-red.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/badge-red.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/badge-red.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/badge-red.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/badge-red.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/badge-red.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/badge-red.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/global-invest-icon1.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/global-invest-red-icon1.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/badge-red.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/global-invest-icon2.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/global-invest-red-icon2.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/badge-red.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/global-invest-icon3.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/global-invest-red-icon3.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/badge-red.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/global-invest-icon4.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/choosen-box-img2-red.jpg",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/badge-red.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/globaled-icon6.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/globaled-icon-red6.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/badge-red.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/global-work-icon1.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/global-work-red-icon1.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/badge-red.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/global-work-icon2.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/global-work-red-icon2.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/badge-red.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/global-work-icon3.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/global-work-red-icon3.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/badge-red.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/global-work-icon4.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/global-work-red-icon4.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/badge-red.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/globaled-icon6.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/globaled-icon-red6.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/badge-red.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/whiteforward.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/location-icon1.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/location-icon2.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/time.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/whiteforward.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/map-close.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/calendar-icon.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/time.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/drop-tick.jpg",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/drop-tick.jpg",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/drop-tick.jpg",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/drop-tick.jpg",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/drop-tick.jpg",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/drop-tick.jpg",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/drop-tick.jpg",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/drop-tick.jpg",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/drop-tick.jpg",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/whiteforward.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/whiteforward.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/map-close.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/map-close.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/learningfeature-img1.jpg",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/map-close.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/learningfeature-img1.jpg",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/map-close.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/learningfeature-img1.jpg",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/map-close.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/learningfeature-img1.jpg",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/map-close.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/learningfeature-img1.jpg",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/themes/tcglobal/images/map-close.png",
"https://tcglobal.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/learningfeature-img2.jpg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] |
2024-08-16T06:44:57+00:00
|
The California Institute of Technology, more popularly known as Caltech, is a private research university world-renowned for its contributions to science, engineering, and technology. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, or MIT, is a private research university now located in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
|
en
|
wp-content/uploads/2024/01/thechoprasglobal_logo.jpg
|
TC Global
|
https://tcglobal.com/universities/usa/caltech-vs-mit/
|
PLEASE READ THESE TERMS OF USE CAREFULLY BEFORE USING THE SERVICES OFFERED BY TC GLOBAL. THESE TERMS OF USE SET FORTH THE LEGALLY BINDING TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR YOUR USE OF THE WEBSITE AT https://tcglobal.com ("THE "SITE") AND THE SERVICES, FEATURES, CONTENT, APPLICATIONS OR WIDGETS OFFERED BY TC GLOBAL ("SERVICE").
For the purposes of these Terms of Use, "TC Global" shall be deemed to include The Chopras Global Holdings Pte Ltd and/or its affiliates.
Acceptance of Terms
By registering for and/or using the Service in any manner, including but not limited to visiting or browsing the Site, you agree to all of the terms and conditions contained herein ("Terms of Use") and all other operating rules, policies and procedures that may be published from time to time on the Site by TC Global, each of which is incorporated by reference and each of which may be updated by TC Global from time to time without notice to you in accordance with the terms set out under the "Modification of Terms of Use" section below. In addition, some services offered through the Service may be subject to additional terms and conditions specified by TC Global from time to time; your use of such services is subject to those additional terms and conditions, which are incorporated into these Terms of Use by this reference. These Terms of Use apply to all users of the Service, including, without limitation, users who are contributors of content, information, and other materials or services on the Site, individual users of the Service, venues that access the Service, and users that have a page on the Service.
Access
Subject to these Terms of Use, TC Global may offer to provide the Services, as described more fully on the Site, and which are selected by you, solely for your own use, and not for the use or benefit of any third party. Services shall include, but not be limited to, any services TC Global performs for you, any applications or widgets offered by TC Global that you download from the Site or, subject to the terms set out under the "Third party Sites and Services" section below, from third party application stores (eg. App Store, Play Store or Google Apps Marketplace) authorized by TC Global, as well as the offering of any materials displayed or performed on or through the Services (including Content (as defined below)).
Registration and Eligibility
You are required to register with TC Global to browse the Site, view Content and access the Services only and represent, warrant and covenant that you provide TC Global with accurate and complete registration information (including, but not limited to a user name ("User Name"), e-mail address and/or mobile telephone number and a password you will use to access the Service) and to keep your registration information accurate and up-to-date. Failure to do so shall constitute a breach of these Terms of Use, which may result in immediate termination of your TC Global account. We recommend, but do not require, that you use your own name as your User Name so your contacts can recognize you more easily. You shall not:
TC Global reserves the right to refuse registration of, or cancel a User Name at its sole discretion. You are solely responsible and liable for activity that occurs on your account and shall be responsible for maintaining the confidentiality of your TC Global password. You shall never use another user's account without such other user's prior express permission. You will immediately notify TC Global in writing of any unauthorized use of your account, or other account related security breach of which you are aware.
You represent and warrant that if you are an individual, you are of legal age to form a binding contract, or that if you are registering on behalf of an entity or a minor, that you are lawfully authorized to enter into, and bind the entity or yourself (as the legal guardian of the minor) to, these Terms of Use and register for the Service. The Service is not available to individuals who are younger than 10 years old. TC Global may, in its sole discretion, refuse to offer the Service to any person or entity and change its eligibility criteria at any time.
You are solely responsible for ensuring that these Terms of Use are in compliance with all laws, rules and regulations applicable to you and the right to access the Service is revoked where these Terms of Use or use of the Service is prohibited and, in such circumstances, you agree not to use or access the Site or Services in any way.
If you use a mobile device, please be aware that your carrier's normal rates and fees, such as text messaging and data charges, will still apply. In the event you change or deactivate your mobile telephone number, you agree that you will update your account information on the Services within 48 hours to ensure that your messages are not sent to the person who acquires your old number.
Content
All Content, whether publicly posted or privately transmitted, is the sole responsibility of the person who originated such Content. TC Global cannot guarantee the authenticity of any Content or data which users may provide about themselves. You acknowledge that all Content accessed by you using the Service is at your own risk and you will be solely responsible and liable for any damage or loss to you or any other party resulting therefrom. For purposes of these Terms of Use, the term "Content" includes, without limitation, any location information, video clips, audio clips, responses, information, data, text, photographs, software, scripts, graphics, and interactive features generated, provided, or otherwise made accessible by TC Global on or through the Service. Content added, created, uploaded, submitted, distributed, posted or otherwise obtained through the Service by users, including Content that is added to the Service in connection with users linking their accounts to third party websites and services, is collectively referred to as, "User Submissions".
TC Global Content
The Service contains Content specifically provided by TC Global or its partners and such Content is protected by copyrights, trademarks, service marks, patents, trade secrets or other proprietary rights and laws, as applicable. You shall abide by and maintain all copyright notices, information, and restrictions contained in any Content accessed through the Service.
Subject to these Terms of Use, TC Global grants each user of the Site and/or Service a worldwide, non-exclusive, non-sub licensable and non-transferable license to use, modify and reproduce the Content, solely for personal, non-commercial use. Use, reproduction, modification, distribution or storage of any Content for other than personal, non-commercial use is expressly prohibited without prior written permission from TC Global, or from the copyright holder identified in such Content's copyright notice, as applicable. You shall not sell, license, rent, or otherwise use or exploit any Content for commercial (whether or not for profit) use or in any way that violates any third party right.
User Submissions
We may use your User Submissions in a number of different ways in connection with the Site, Service and TC Global's business as TC Global may determine in its sole discretion, including but not limited to, publicly displaying it, reformatting it, incorporating it into marketing materials, advertisements and other works, creating derivative works from it, promoting it, distributing it, and allowing other users to do the same in connection with their own websites, media platforms, and applications ("Third Party Media"). By submitting User Submissions on the Site or otherwise through the Service, you hereby do and shall grant TC Global a worldwide, non- exclusive, royalty-free, fully paid, sub licensable and transferable license to use, copy, edit, modify, reproduce, distribute, prepare derivative works of, display, perform, and otherwise fully exploit the User Submissions in connection with the Site, the Service and TC Global's (and its successors and assigns') business, including without limitation for promoting and redistributing part or all of the Site (and derivative works thereof) or the Service in any media formats and through any media channels (including, without limitation, third party websites and feeds). You also hereby do and shall grant each user of the Site and/or the Service, including Third Party Media, a non-exclusive license to access your User Submissions through the Site and the Service, and to use, edit, modify, reproduce, distribute, prepare derivative works of, display and perform such User Submissions in connection with their use of the Site, Service and Third Party Media. For clarity, the foregoing license grant to TC Global does not affect your other ownership or license rights in your User Submission(s), including the right to grant additional licenses to the material in your User Submission(s), unless otherwise agreed in writing with TC Global.
You represent and warrant that you have all rights to grant such license to us without infringement or violation of any third party rights, including without limitation, any privacy rights, publicity rights, copyrights, contract rights, or any other intellectual property or proprietary rights.
You understand that all information publicly posted or privately transmitted through the Site is the sole responsibility of the person from whom such Content originated; that TC Global will not be liable for any errors or omissions in any Content; and that TC Global cannot guarantee the identity of any other users with whom you may interact in the course of using the Service.
You should be aware that the opinions expressed in the Content in User Submissions are theirs alone and do not reflect the opinions of TC Global. TC Global is not responsible for the accuracy of any of the information supplied in User Submissions or in relation to any comments that are posted.
You should bear in mind that circumstances change and that information that may have been accurate at the time of posting will not necessarily remain so.
When you delete your User Submissions, they will be removed from the Service. However, you understand that any removed User Submissions may persist in backup copies for a reasonable period of time (but following removal will not be shared with others) or may remain with users who have previously accessed or downloaded your User Submissions.
Rules and Conduct
As a condition of use, you promise not to use the Service for any purpose that is prohibited by these Terms of Use. You are responsible for all of your activity in connection with the Service.
Additionally, you shall abide by all applicable local, state, national and international laws and regulations and, if you represent a business, any advertising, marketing, privacy, or other self-regulatory code(s) applicable to your industry.
By way of example, and not as a limitation, you shall not (and shall not permit any third party to) either (a)take any action or (b)upload, download, post, submit or otherwise distribute or facilitate distribution of any Content on or through the Service, including without limitation any User Submission, that:
TC Global does not guarantee that any Content or User Submissions (as defined above) will be made available on the Site or through the Service. TC Global has no obligation to monitor the Site, Service, Content, or User Submissions. However, TC Global reserves the right to (i) remove, suspend, edit or modify any Content in its sole discretion, including without limitation any User Submissions at any time, without notice to you and for any reason (including, but not limited to, upon receipt of claims or allegations from third parties or authorities relating to such Content or if TC Global is concerned that you may have violated these Terms of Use), or for no reason at all and (ii) to remove, suspend or block any User Submissions from the Service. TC Global also reserves the right to access, read, preserve, and disclose any information as TC Global reasonably believes is necessary to (i) satisfy any applicable law, regulation, legal process or governmental request, (ii) enforce these Terms of Use, including investigation of potential violations hereof, (iii) detect, prevent, or otherwise address fraud, security or technical issues, (iv) respond to user support requests, or (v) protect the rights, property or safety of TC Global, its users and the public.
Technical Failures
It is possible that you may face disruptions, including, but not limited to errors, disconnections or interferences in communication in the internet services, software or hardware that you have used to avail our Service. TC Global is not responsible for such factors in the disruption or interruption in the Service and you take full responsibility with complete knowledge for any risk of loss or damages caused due to interruption of services for any such reasons.
Advertisements, Third Party Sites and Services
Some of the TC Global Services are supported by advertising revenue and may display advertisements, promotions, and links to third-party websites. You hereby agree that TC Global may place such advertising and promotions on the TC Global Services or on, about, or in conjunction with your Content. The manner, mode and extent of such advertising and promotions are subject to change without specific notice to you.
The Service may permit you to link to other websites, services or resources on the Internet, and other websites, services or resources may contain links to the Site. When you access third party websites, you do so at your own risk. These other websites are not under TC Global's control, and you acknowledge that TC Global is not responsible or liable for the content, functions, accuracy, legality, appropriateness or any other aspect of such websites or resources. The inclusion of any such link does not imply endorsement by TC Global or any association with its operators. You further acknowledge and agree that TC Global shall not be responsible or liable, directly or indirectly, for any damage or loss caused or alleged to be caused by or in connection with the use of or reliance on any such Content, goods or services available on or through any such website or resource.
Termination
TC Global may terminate your access to all or any part of the Service at any time, with or without cause, with or without notice, effective immediately, which may result in the forfeiture and destruction of all information associated with your membership. If you wish to terminate your account, you may do so by contacting us at hello@tcglobal.com till we develop the procedure on the website and apps. Any fees paid hereunder are non-refundable. All provisions of these Terms of Use which by their nature should survive termination shall survive termination, including, without limitation, ownership provisions, warranty disclaimers, indemnity and limitations of liability.
Warranty Disclaimer
Save to the extent required by law, TC Global has no special relationship with or fiduciary duty to you. You acknowledge that TC Global has no control over, and no duty to take any action regarding: which users gain access to the Service; what Content you access via the Service; what effects the Content may have on you; how you may interpret or use the Content; or what actions you may take as a result of having been exposed to the Content.
You release TC Global from all liability for you having acquired or not acquired Content through the Service. The Service may contain, or direct you to websites containing, information that some people may find offensive or inappropriate. TC Global makes no representations concerning any Content contained in or accessed through the Service, and TC Global will not be responsible or liable for the accuracy, copyright compliance, legality or decency of material contained in or accessed through the Service and cannot be held liable for any third-party claims, losses or damages.
You release us from all liability relating to your connections and relationships with other users. You understand that we do not, in any way, screen users, nor do we inquire into the backgrounds of users or attempt to verify their backgrounds or statements. We make no representations or warranties as to the conduct of users or the veracity of any information users provide. In no event shall we be liable for any damages whatsoever, whether direct, indirect, general, special, compensatory, consequential, and/or incidental, arising out of or relating to the conduct of you or anyone else in connection with the Services, including, without limitation, bodily injury, emotional distress, and any damages resulting in any way from communications or meetings with users or persons you may otherwise meet through the Services. As such, you agree to take reasonable precautions and exercise the utmost personal care in all interactions with any individual you come into contact with through the Service,
particularly if you decide to meet such individuals in person. For example, you should not, under any circumstances, provide your financial information (e.g., credit card or bank account numbers) to other individuals.
THE SITE, SERVICE AND CONTENT ARE PROVIDED "AS IS", "AS AVAILABLE" AND ARE PROVIDED WITHOUT ANY REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF TITLE, NONINFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, AND ANY WARRANTIES IMPLIED BY ANY COURSE OF PERFORMANCE OR USAGE OF TRADE, ALL OF WHICH ARE EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMED, SAVE TO THE EXTENT REQUIRED BY LAW.
TC GLOBAL, AND ITS AFFILIATES, TEAM, DIRECTORS, EMPLOYEES, AGENTS, REPRESENTATIVES, SUPPLIERS, PARTNERS AND CONTENT PROVIDERS DO NOT WARRANT THAT: (A) THE SERVICE WILL BE SECURE OR AVAILABLE AT ANY PARTICULAR TIME OR LOCATION; (B) ANY DEFECTS OR ERRORS WILL BE CORRECTED; (C) ANY CONTENT OR SOFTWARE AVAILABLE AT OR THROUGH THE SERVICE IS FREE OF VIRUSES OR OTHER HARMFUL COMPONENTS; OR (D) THE RESULTS OF USING THE SERVICE WILL MEET YOUR REQUIREMENTS. YOUR USE OF THE WEBSITE, SERVICE AND CONTENT IS SOLELY AT YOUR OWN RISK. SOME STATES / COUNTRIES DO NOT ALLOW LIMITATIONS ON IMPLIED WARRANTIES, SO THE ABOVE LIMITATIONS MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU.
Indemnification
You shall defend, indemnify, and hold harmless TC Global, its affiliates and each of its and its affiliates' employees, contractors, directors, suppliers and representatives from all losses, costs, actions, claims, damages, expenses (including reasonable legal costs) or liabilities, that arise from or relate to your use or misuse of, or access to, the Site, Service, Content or otherwise from your User Submissions, violation of these Terms of Use, or infringement by you, or any third party using the your account, of any intellectual property or other right of any person or entity (save to the extent that a court of competent jurisdiction holds that such claim arose due to an act or omission of TC Global). TC Global reserves the right to assume the exclusive defense and control of any matter otherwise subject to indemnification by you, in which event you will assist and cooperate with TC Global in asserting any available defenses.
Limitation of Liability
ALL LIABILITY OF TC GLOBAL, ITS AFFILIATES, DIRECTORS, EMPLOYEES, AGENTS, REPRESENTATIVES, PARTNERS, SUPPLIERS OR CONTENT PROVIDERS HOWSOEVER ARISING FOR ANY LOSS SUFFERED AS A RESULT OF YOUR USE OF THE SITE, SERVICE, CONTENT OR USER SUBMISSIONS IS EXPRESSLY EXCLUDED TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY LAW, SAVE THAT, IF A COURT OF COMPETENT JURISDICTION DETERMINES THAT LIABILITY OF TC GLOBAL, ITS DIRECTORS, EMPLOYEES, AGENTS, REPRESENTATIVES, PARTNERS, SUPPLIERS OR CONTENT PROVIDERS (AS APPLICABLE) HAS ARISEN, THE TOTAL OF SUCH LIABILITY SHALL BE LIMITED IN AGGREGATE TO THE VALUE OF TC GLOBAL'S SERVICES AVAILED BY THE USER FOR 12 MONTHS PRIOR TO THE INITIATION OF A CLAIM.
TO THE MAXIMUM EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, IN NO EVENT SHALL TC GLOBAL, NOR ITS DIRECTORS, EMPLOYEES, AGENTS, REPRESENTATIVES, PARTNERS, SUPPLIERS OR CONTENT PROVIDERS, BE LIABLE UNDER CONTRACT, TORT, STRICT LIABILITY, NEGLIGENCE OR ANY OTHER LEGAL OR EQUITABLE THEORY OR OTHERWISE (AND WHETHER OR NOT TC GLOBAL, ITS DIRECTORS, EMPLOYEES, AGENTS, REPRESENTATIVES, PARTNERS, SUPPLIERS OR CONTENT PROVIDERS HAD PRIOR KNOWLEDGE OF THE CIRCUMSTANCES GIVING RISE TO SUCH LOSS OR DAMAGE) WITH RESPECT TO THE SITE, SERVICE, CONTENT OR USER SUBMISSIONS FOR:
NOTHING IN THESE TERMS OF USE SHALL BE DEEMED TO EXCLUDE OR LIMIT YOUR LIABILITY IN RESPECT OF ANY INDEMNITY GIVEN BY YOU UNDER THESE TERMS OF USE. APPLICABLE LAW MAY NOT ALLOW THE LIMITATION OR EXCLUSION OF LIABILITY OR INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, SO THE ABOVE LIMITATION OR EXCLUSION MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU. IN SUCH CASES, TC GLOBAL'S LIABILITY WILL BE LIMITED TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW.
Governing Law
A printed version of these Terms of Use and of any notice given in electronic form shall be admissible in judicial or administrative proceedings based upon or relating to these Terms of Use to the same extent and subject to the same conditions as other business documents and records originally generated and maintained in printed form. You and TC Global agree that any cause of action arising out of or related to the Service must commence within one (1) year after the cause of action arose; otherwise, such cause of action is permanently barred.
Terms of Use and all other policies available on this Service shall be interpreted and construed in accordance with the laws of India. Any dispute arising out of or in connection with these Terms of Use and/ or other policies available on this App, including any question regarding its existence, validity or termination, shall be referred to and finally resolved by arbitration administered by the Singapore International Arbitration Centre ("SIAC") in accordance with the Arbitration Rules of the Singapore International Arbitration Centre ("SIAC Rules") for the time being in force, which rules are deemed to be incorporated by reference in this clause. The Tribunal shall consist of 3 arbitrators. The seat and venue of Arbitration shall be Singapore and the language of proceedings shall be English. Subject to the foregoing, the Courts of Singapore shall have exclusive jurisdiction over any disputes relating to the subject matter, herein.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, if a dispute arises with respect to the validity, scope, enforceability, inventorship, ownership, infringement, breach or unauthorised use of any patent, trademark, copyright or other intellectual property right or any non-proprietary data owned and/or controlled by TC Global, whether or not arising from the Terms of Use, such dispute (at the option of TC Global) shall not be submitted to arbitration and instead, TC Global shall be free to initiate litigation, including but not limited to a claim for interim injunctive relief, in a court of competent jurisdiction, in any country or other jurisdiction in which such rights apply.
Integration and Severability
These Terms of Use are the entire agreement between you and TC Global with respect to the Service and use of the Site, Service, Content or User Submissions, and supersede all prior or contemporaneous communications and proposals (whether oral, written or electronic) between you and TC Global with respect to the Site. If any provision of these Terms of Use is found to be unenforceable or invalid, that provision will be limited or eliminated to the minimum extent necessary so that these Terms of Use will otherwise remain in full force and effect and enforceable. The failure of either party to exercise in any respect any right provided for herein shall not be deemed a waiver of any further rights hereunder. Waiver of compliance in any particular instance does not mean that we will waive compliance in the future. In order for any waiver of compliance with these Terms of Use to be binding, TC Global must provide you with written notice of such waiver through one of its authorized representatives.
Modification of Terms of Use
TC Global reserves the right, at its sole discretion, to modify or replace any of these Terms of Use, or change, suspend, or discontinue the Service (including without limitation, the availability of any feature, database, or content) at any time by posting a notice on the Site or by sending you notice through the Service or via email. TC Global may also impose limits on certain features and services or restrict your access to parts or all of the Service without notice or liability. It is your responsibility to check these Terms of Use periodically for changes. Your continued use of the Service following the posting of any changes to these Terms of Use constitutes acceptance of those changes. You shall also be notified of any modifications to these Terms of Use as and when effected or at least once a year.
Other Provisions
Claims of Copyright or Trademark Infringement
Claims of copyright or trademark infringement should be sent to TC Global's designated agent. If you believe that someone is infringing your copyright or trademark rights on the Site, you can report it to us by contacting our designated agent at hello@thechoprasglobal.com with a report containing the following information:
Please attach your digital signature or physical signature to the report.
Within 36 hours of receiving this notice with the above mentioned details, we will take down the allegedly infringing material from public view while we assess the issues identified in your notice.
On completion of the take-down procedure above:
Before you submit a report of infringement, you may want to send a message to the person who posted the Content. You may be able to resolve the issue without contacting TC Global. Please remember, only the copyright/trademark owner or their authorized representative may file a report of infringement. If you believe something on the Site infringes someone else's copyright/trademark, you may want to let the rights owner know.
Notice
TC Global may give notice by means of a general notice on the Site / Service, notification within the mobile application on your account, electronic mail to your email address in your account, or by written communication sent to your address as set forth in your account. You may give notice to TC Global by written communication to TC Global's email address at hello@tcglobal.com or physical address at No. 3, Shenton Way, #10-05/06, Shenton House, Singapore, 068805.
General
You may not assign or transfer these Terms of Use in whole or in part without TC Global's prior written approval. You hereby give your approval to TC Global for it to assign or transfer these Terms in whole or in part, including to: (i) a subsidiary or affiliate; (ii) an acquirer of TC Global's equity, business or assets; or (iii) a successor by merger. No joint venture, partnership, employment or agency relationship exists between you, TC Global or any Third Party Provider as a result of the contract between you and TC Global or use of the Services.
If any provision of these Terms is held to be illegal, invalid or unenforceable, in whole or in part, under any law, such provision or part thereof shall to that extent be deemed not to form part of these Terms but the legality, validity and enforceability of the other provisions in these Terms shall not be affected. In that event, the parties shall replace the illegal, invalid or unenforceable provision or part thereof with a provision or part thereof that is legal, valid and enforceable and that has, to the greatest extent possible, a similar effect as the illegal, invalid or unenforceable provision or part thereof, given the contents and purpose of these Terms. These Terms constitute the entire agreement and understanding of the parties with respect to its subject matter and replaces and supersedes all prior or contemporaneous agreements or undertakings regarding such subject matter. In these Terms, the words "including" and "include" mean "including, but not limited to."
Miscellaneous
TC Global shall not be liable for any failure to perform its obligations hereunder where such failure results from any cause beyond TC Global's reasonable control, including, without limitation, mechanical, electronic or communications failure or degradation (including "line-noise" interference). These Terms of Use are personal to you, and are not assignable, transferable or sublicensable by you except with TC Global's prior written consent. TC Global may assign, transfer or delegate any of its rights and obligations hereunder without consent. No agency, partnership, joint venture, or employment relationship is created as a result of these Terms of Use and neither party has any authority of any kind to bind the other in any respect.
Unless otherwise specified in these Term of Use, all notices under these Terms of Use will be in writing and will be deemed to have been duly given when received, if personally delivered or sent by certified or registered mail, return receipt requested; when receipt is electronically confirmed, if transmitted by facsimile or e-mail; or the day after it is sent, if sent for next day delivery by recognized overnight delivery service.
Contact
You may contact us at the following address:
|
||||
7733
|
dbpedia
|
0
| 0
|
https://news.mit.edu/1996/annan-1218
|
en
|
New UN official had humorous start at MIT
|
https://news.mit.edu/themes/mit/assets/img/favicon/favicon.ico
|
https://news.mit.edu/themes/mit/assets/img/favicon/favicon.ico
|
[
"https://news.mit.edu/themes/mit/src/img/placeholder/placeholder--frontpage--featured-news.jpg",
"https://news.mit.edu/themes/mit/src/img/placeholder/placeholder--frontpage--featured-news.jpg",
"https://news.mit.edu/themes/mit/src/img/placeholder/placeholder--frontpage--featured-news.jpg",
"https://news.mit.edu/themes/mit/src/img/placeholder/placeholder--frontpage--featured-news.jpg",
"https://news.mit.edu/themes/mit/src/img/placeholder/placeholder--frontpage--featured-news.jpg",
"https://news.mit.edu/themes/mit/src/img/placeholder/placeholder--frontpage--featured-news.jpg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Kenneth D. Campbell",
"News Office"
] |
1996-12-18T10:00:00+00:00
|
en
|
/themes/mit/assets/img/favicon/favicon.ico
|
MIT News | Massachusetts Institute of Technology
|
https://news.mit.edu/1996/annan-1218
|
Kofi Annan of Ghana, the newly elected Secretary General of the United Nations, won his way into the MIT Sloan Fellows master's degree program 25 years ago with a humorous anecdote about the world of diplomacy.
In 1971, when the UN nominated Mr. Annan as a Sloan Fellow, Peter Gil interviewed him. Mr. Gil, now retired in New Castle, NH, was then the associate dean and director of the Executive Programs at the Sloan School.
"It was a very memorable interview," Mr. Gil said in a telephone conversation. "At that time, Kofi had already been at the UN for several years and he was then the director of personnel for Africa."
Mr. Gil, curious, asked him, "What do you do as director of personnel for Africa?"
"He said, `I'll give you an example. Kenya wanted a Russian professor to teach a course for a year. He could only do it in Russian, so he needed a Russian interpreter. I told the Kenyans I would find an interpreter, but Kenya wasn't willing to pay for the interpreter, just the professor. So I found money to pay the interpreter. It all worked very well-so well that the Kenyan government wanted the professor to stay another year. So I went to Moscow to talk to the Russians. They said, no, the professor couldn't stay in Kenya. But they said the interpreter could stay!'"
Mr. Gil laughed at the memory. "It was a marvelous story. I never found out if the interpreter spent an extra year in Kenya with nothing to do."
At Sloan, Mr. Annan "was very conscientious, a very good student," Mr. Gil said. "I saw him several years ago at a Sloan Fellows convocation, where he spoke. He was very, very good, very thoughtful. He has a lovely sense of humor, and he was very well received."
Born in Ghana in 1938, Mr. Annan received the master's degree in management in 1972 and is an active alumnus who has visited MIT in recent years, according to Alan White, senior associate dean of the Sloan School. "He is very dedicated to the UN. He works very effectively across cultures," Dean White said.
Mr. Annan has been undersecretary-general for peace-keeping operations since 1993, except for a year in 1995 as UN special envoy to the former Yugoslavia.
He was educated at the University of Science and Technology in Kumasi, Ghana; Macalester College in St. Paul, MN; the Institut de Hautes Etudes Internationales in Geneva, and MIT.
He has devoted his career to the United Nations, having served in Ethiopia, New York, Geneva, and Egypt from 1962 to 1974, when he became managing director of the Ghana Tourist Development Co. for two years. Since 1976, he has served in administrative positions at the UN High Command for Refugees in Geneva and at UN headquarters in New York, where he has been director of administrative management services and the budget.
In 1986, he became assistant secretary general in the Office of Human Resources Management for four years, and then became controller in the Office of Program Planning, Budget and Finance for two years before going to the peacekeeping office in 1992 and getting promoted to undersecretary-general in 1993.
|
|||
7733
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 65
|
https://www.businessbecause.com/news/notable-alumni/7558/mit-notable-alumni
|
en
|
MIT Notable Alumni | 10 Famous MBAs From Sloan School of Management
|
[
"https://www.businessbecause.com/themes/businessbecause/img/BB_Logo_Rev_Landscape_RGB_96dpi.png",
"https://www.businessbecause.com/themes/businessbecause/img/search_responsive_white_m.png",
"https://www.businessbecause.com/themes/businessbecause/img/play-icon-11-24_2.png",
"https://www.businessbecause.com/themes/businessbecause/img/BB_Logo_Rev_Stacked_RGB_96dpi.png",
"https://www.businessbecause.com/themes/businessbecause/img/search.svg",
"https://www.businessbecause.com/themes/businessbecause/img/play-icon-11-24_2.png",
"https://www.businessbecause.com/uploads/default/news/images/1617233573.png",
"https://www.businessbecause.com/uploads/default/media/cropped-images/amy_webp-202-78-555-556-1701193594.png",
"https://www.businessbecause.com/themes/businessbecause/img/chat_left_text.svg",
"https://www.businessbecause.com/themes/businessbecause/img/hand_thumbs_up.svg",
"https://www.businessbecause.com/uploads/default/news/images/b796e32985b1d101c11be20c8da0c98f428b3c48.jpg",
"https://www.businessbecause.com/uploads/default/news/images/f50b321b2203120f646f45b026fb0dc89101ef57.jpg",
"https://www.businessbecause.com/uploads/default/news/images/5c0bb53ad5e878cc9960e3d8653515d433c7091f.jpg",
"https://www.businessbecause.com/uploads/default/news/images/bfe4ed05246e1715b7c5380a60e86713ec584605.jpg",
"https://www.businessbecause.com/uploads/default/news/images/c20b56c532717b031b502b3d22c5e74327a11bc7.jpg",
"https://www.businessbecause.com/uploads/default/news/images/8ac0089e0e8fac308366d7509be93c0250c41c0d.jpg",
"https://www.businessbecause.com/uploads/default/news/images/94ec160b2c8be3164e662b19e93752f6dd075ad6.jpg",
"https://www.businessbecause.com/uploads/default/news/images/e804a2c54ae766ad0664430a878d259644db7514.jpg",
"https://www.businessbecause.com/uploads/default/news/images/5539699b55a236ca92ce9d26720c0929fc7f35ca.jpg",
"https://www.businessbecause.com/uploads/default/news/images/thumbnail_6a025957a1c2f93337c99e05588785b3d0b2e471.png",
"https://www.businessbecause.com/uploads/default/news/images/thumbnail_86196220217ab912b240cc04969b2f69dbe3584d.png",
"https://www.businessbecause.com/uploads/default/news/images/thumbnail_1579685720.png",
"https://www.businessbecause.com/themes/businessbecause/img/BB_Roundel_Rev_RGB_150dpi.png",
"https://www.businessbecause.com/themes/businessbecause/img/instagram-i.svg",
"https://www.businessbecause.com/themes/businessbecause/img/facebook-i.svg",
"https://www.businessbecause.com/themes/businessbecause/img/twitter-i.svg",
"https://www.businessbecause.com/themes/businessbecause/img/youtube-i.svg",
"https://www.businessbecause.com/themes/businessbecause/img/linkedin-i.svg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Amy Hughes"
] |
2021-04-19T12:00:00
|
MIT's notable alumni include entrepreneurs, tech visionaries, and CEOs
|
en
|
https://www.businessbecause.com/news/notable-alumni/7558/mit-notable-alumni
|
The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) is a famously selective school. No fewer than 97 Nobel Laureates feature among the prestigious group of MIT notable alumni, and its business school, MIT Sloan School of Management, is just as prestigious.
The Sloan Fellowship, an accelerated MBA-like program, has welcomed the likes of Nobel Peace Prize winner Kofi Annan, executive chairman of Ford Motor Company William Clay Ford Jr, and former CEO of Hewlett-Packard Carly Fiorina—the first woman to lead a Fortune top-20 company—and the graduates of the MIT MBA are just as impressive.
With a program ranked among the best MBAs in the USA, the average MIT Sloan MBA more than doubles their salary post-graduation, and many go on to be leaders in their fields.
Here are 10 of the most successful MBA grads from MIT Sloan:
MIT Sloan Notable Alumni
Check out our other lists of notable alumni
Stanford University Notable Alumni
Wharton School Notable Alumni
Harvard Business School Notable Alumni
Indian School of Business Notable Alumni
1. John W Thompson
MBA Class of 1983
Chairman of Microsoft since 2014
Thompson got his start at IBM, moving up the ranks over a nearly 30-year career at the corporation. It was during this time that he undertook the MBA at Sloan, before leaving to become CEO of Symantec in 1999.
He succeeded Bill Gates as chairman of Microsoft in 2014, a position he still holds today, and is widely recognised as one of the pioneering businessmen of Silicon Valley.
2. Robin Chase
(© International Transport Forum, used under this license)
MBA Class of 1986
Co-founder and former CEO of Zipcar
Robin Chase met her Zipcar co-founder Antje Danielson in the late 1990s when their children attended the same kindergarten.
Though their working relationship swiftly soured, with Danielson leaving the company in 2001 and Chase being replaced as CEO in 2003, founding the company was the start of what has proven to be a long and successful entrepreneurial career.
As well as Zipcar, Chase has also founded Buzzcar, a peer-to-peer car sharing service, as well as vehicle network communications company Veniam, for which she is still executive chairman. She was named one of Time magazine’s 100 most influential people in 2009.
3. Shuman Ghosemajumder
(© TeachAids, used under this license)
MBA Class of 2002
Canadian technologist, entrepreneur, and author
Ghosemajumder is probably best known for his stint at Google from 2003 to 2010. During this time he led the effort to protect their annual pay per click revenue from click fraud, was one of the early product managers for AdSense, and served as part of the team that launched Gmail.
After his MBA at Sloan he decided to leave Google in 2010 to grow his nonprofit TeachAIDS, an Edtech company using technology to aid HIV prevention. He is also the current global head of artificial intelligence at F5.
4. Brian Halligan
MBA Class of 2005
CEO and co-founder of HubSpot
Halligan co-founded inbound marketing company HubSpot in 2006, a year after graduating from MIT Sloan.
By 2016, the company reported $271 million in total revenue, and Halligan is now a senior lecturer at MIT, teaching technical innovation, entrepreneurship, and strategic management.
(© HubSpot, used under this license)
5. Randal D Pinkett
MBA Class of 1998
Winner of season four of The Apprentice
Pinkett rose to fame as a contestant on The Apprentice in 2005. He was the first African American contestant to win the competition, hosted by future President of the United States Donald Trump.
After winning, he undertook the prized year-long apprenticeship with Trump Entertainment Resorts, overseeing the $110 million renovation of several hotels and casinos, before returning to his own consulting startup, BCT Partners.
Pinkett has also dabbled in politics, for instance serving as co-chairman of New Jersey Mayor Cory Booker’s transition team.
(© Dr. Randal Pinkett, used under this license)
6. Jamie McCourt
(© Commander, U.S. Naval Forces Europe-Africa/U.S. 6th Fleet, used under this license)
MBA Class of 1978
Former CEO of the LA Dodgers and former US Ambassador to the French Republic and Principality of Monaco
McCourt purchased the LA Dodgers in 2004 and joined the organization’s executive team. She broke records in this role as the highest-ranking woman in Major League Baseball, first as vice chairman in 2004, then as president in 2005, and finally as CEO in 2009.
From 2016 McCourt was involved in the Trump campaign and transition team, before taking up a role as Ambassador to the French Republic and Principality of Monaco in 2017.
7. Daryl Morey
(© 451 Research, used under this license)
MBA Class of 2000
President of Basketball Operations for the Philadelphia 76ers for the National Basketball Association (NBA)
Prior to joining the executive team for the Philadelphia 76ers, Morey worked with the Boston Celtics and the Houston Rockets.
In the latter role, he made history as the first such general manager to be hired by an NBA team. Under Morey’s leadership, the Rockets advanced to the playoffs nine times.
Morey is still involved with his old alma mater, serving as the cofounder and co-chair of the annual MIT Sloan Sports Analytics Conference.
8. Keiji Tachikawa
© NASA/Kim Shiflett
MBA 1978
President of the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)
Hailing from the same MBA graduating class as Jamie McCourt, Tachikawa was brought in to restructure the Japanese space agency after a 2003 H-IIA rocket launch failure, after which the company promised to resume launches in 2005.
9. Bill Taylor
(© Paul Gillin, used under this license)
MBA class of 1987
Co-founder and former editor of Fast Company Magazine
Fast Company is a monthly business magazine launched in 1995 by Taylor and his co-founders Alan Webber and Mortimer Zuckerman.
Prior to founding the magazine,Taylor had been an editor at the Harvard Business Review, and took an active editorial role in Fast Company for many years.
The magazine was sold in 2000 to Gruner + Jahr, just before the burst of the dot-com bubble, which led to significant losses for the magazine. Taylor ultimately left two years later, and now makes a living as an author and corporate educator.
10. Rafael del Pino Calvo-Sotelo
(© Ferrovial, used under this license)
MBA Class of 1986
Multibillionaire and executive chairman of Ferrovial
A fellow member of Robin Chase’s MBA class, Calvo-Sotelo put his MBA from MIT to work in his father’s business, serving as CEO of Grupo Ferrovial from 1992 to 1999, before taking over as executive chairman.
He is still heavily involved in business education, for instance as a member of the MIT Corporation, as well as sitting on advisory boards at other business schools around the world.
|
||||||
7733
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 88
|
https://smapse.com/massachusetts-institute-of-technology-mit-massachusetts-institute-of-technology/
|
en
|
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) (Boston, Massachusetts, USA)
|
[
"https://smapse.com/massachusetts-institute-of-technology-mit-massachusetts-institute-of-technology/",
"https://smapse.com/images/px.png",
"https://smapse.com/storage/2018/08/converted/825_585_mit-view.jpg",
"https://smapse.com/storage/2018/08/converted/825_585_mit-front-day.jpg",
"https://smapse.com/storage/2018/08/converted/825_585_mit-math-leighton-seminar-room.jpg",
"https://smapse.com/storage/2018/08/converted/825_585_mit-lab-class.jpg",
"https://smapse.com/storage/2018/08/converted/825_585_mit-residence-1.jpg",
"https://smapse.com/storage/2018/08/converted/825_585_mit-lecture.jpg",
"https://smapse.com/storage/2018/08/converted/825_585_mit-chapel-design.jpg",
"https://smapse.com/storage/2018/08/converted/75_75_mit-view.jpg",
"https://smapse.com/storage/2018/08/converted/75_75_mit-front-day.jpg",
"https://smapse.com/storage/2018/08/converted/75_75_mit-math-leighton-seminar-room.jpg",
"https://smapse.com/storage/2018/08/converted/75_75_mit-lab-class.jpg",
"https://smapse.com/storage/2018/08/converted/75_75_mit-residence-1.jpg",
"https://smapse.com/storage/2018/08/converted/75_75_mit-lecture.jpg",
"https://smapse.com/storage/2018/08/converted/75_75_mit-chapel-design.jpg",
"https://smapse.com/assets/svg/calendar-alt-regular.svg",
"https://smapse.com/assets/svg/calendar-alt-regular.svg",
"https://smapse.com/storage/2018/08/converted/0_105_mit-logo.png",
"https://smapse.com/assets/svg/man.svg",
"https://smapse.com/assets/svg/phone-call.svg",
"https://smapse.com/assets/svg/handshake.svg",
"https://smapse.com/uploads/maps/en/map_2401_en_61f908412aae8.jpg",
"https://smapse.com/assets/svg/discount.svg",
"https://smapse.com/images/px.png",
"https://smapse.com/images/px.png",
"https://smapse.com/images/px.png",
"https://smapse.com/images/px.png",
"https://smapse.com/images/px.png",
"https://smapse.com/images/px.png",
"https://smapse.com/images/px.png",
"https://smapse.com/images/px.png",
"https://smapse.com/images/px.png",
"https://smapse.com/images/px.png",
"https://smapse.com/images/px.png",
"https://smapse.com/images/px.png",
"https://smapse.com/images/px.png",
"https://smapse.com/images/expert-egor.jpg",
"https://smapse.com/images/px.png",
"https://smapse.com/images/px.png",
"https://smapse.com/images/px.png",
"https://smapse.com/images/px.png",
"https://smapse.com/images/footer/flags/uk.png",
"https://smapse.com/images/footer/flags/usa.png",
"https://smapse.com/images/footer/flags/ca.png",
"https://smapse.com/images/footer/flags/il.png",
"https://smapse.com/images/footer/socials/skype.png",
"https://smapse.com/images/icef-small.png",
"https://smapse.com/images/footer/accept/visa.png",
"https://smapse.com/images/footer/accept/mc.png",
"https://smapse.com/images/footer/accept/pp.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Smapse",
"Egor Eremeev"
] |
2022-12-21T23:25:50+03:00
|
🇺🇸 Enrolment assistance, application and study at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Fees, prices, reviews, photos and videos. Full admission support for students
|
en
|
/favicon.ico
|
smapse.com
|
https://smapse.com/massachusetts-institute-of-technology-mit-massachusetts-institute-of-technology/
|
Technical universities in America attract more and more students. The popularity of the direction is due to the development of technology, the rapid development of robotics, information technology. One of the most popular among universities with a world-wide name, rightly considered MIT - Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) got its name because of the location (Massachusetts in the US). He is famous for being an innovator in the field of development of artificial intelligence, information technology and robotics.
Technical universities in USA attract more students. The popularity of the direction is due to the development of technology, the rapid development of robotics, information technology. One of the most popular among universities with a world-wide name, rightly considered MIT - Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) got its name because of the location (Massachusetts in the US). He is famous for being an innovator in the field of development of artificial intelligence, information technology and robotics.
A short tour of the history pages of MIT
The date of the founding of the Institute is only two days more like the beginning of the civil war in the USA, namely, April 10, 1861. The first president of MIT-a - William Barton Rogers, was not only the man who owned the idea of creating the institute, but also a well-known professor of natural philosophy. At the heart of his idea was the introduction of new, more modern methods of teaching students, motivating it with obsolescence of old principles, their differences with the real economic situation and the development of technology. Since the foundation of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and before the beginning of the classes, it has been 4 years. The first location of the university was the district of Boston Back Bay, after which, in 1916, it was decided to move the institute to Cambridge. From the very first years of its academic activity, the MIT differed from its competitors in practical direction in terms of engineering. Hence the symbol of the institute - beaver, whose talents for the construction of structures from wood, speak of natural leadership in engineering. Innovation of the Institute for a century and a half manifested itself in such directions as:
Engineering;
High tech;
Artificial intelligence (merits of modern representatives of the university).
During the civil war in America, the MIT turned into a kind of platform for testing in the military sphere. The Cold War period did not go so well for the university, because, because of strikes by students demanding the cessation of military development, the institute took an anti-defense stance. It's only from the government side that such a decision by the management of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology did not provoke approval, which was manifested in a sharp reduction in budget expenditures for the maintenance of the institution. But to become the world's leading university in the field of engineering, these events did not prevent MIT.
Features of infrastructure and geographical location
As mentioned earlier, for over 100 years the institute is located in Cambridge, spread out on 168 acres of land along the Charles River. This city is considered a student city, famous for its friendly population, a lot of places for cultural recreation (parks, squares). Extremely popular among local residents enjoys an environmentally friendly mode of transport - bicycles. The connection of the city with the nearest megacities is provided by the presence of transport connections: the railway, bus routes.
The institute town has been actively developed since the "moving" of the institute in 1916, at this time most of the buildings that still function have been built. In the early 2000s, several new buildings were erected, thanks to the works of architects:
Frank Gehry;
Stephen Hall;
Fumihiko Maki.
These buildings were built on the campus, which not only renewed it, but also added fresh insights into design and architecture. Step accessibility between laboratories, educational centers, sports halls and other places of the educational process and extracurricular sections reduces the time wasted on movement. For residence students were allocated 11 residences to choose from in Cambridge or Boston. Attention is drawn to the fact that the campus residences and buildings on the campus have a link between themselves, represented by a network of underground tunnels.
Achievements of MIT in the field of science
In fact, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology is not simply considered the best in the field of engineering and high technology. He is followed by a number of achievements, including:
The creation of a rover equipped in such a way as to be able to convert carbon dioxide into oxygen, the launch of which is planned in 2020.
Special material was developed by scientists in 2014. It consisted of foam and wax, and the main feature is the possibility of transition from one state to another, and vice versa (from solid to liquid and back).
Thanks to the efforts of MIT scientists, vision correction became possible without wearing glasses, using a special stereoscreen.
At present, scientists are developing methods that allow the transfer of electricity without the use of wires.
They are also working on the creation of the so-called "smart" military form for the land units of the US Army, using microscopic fibers capable of detecting light, heat and sending signals.
This list is far from complete, and it can be continued for a long time. After all, it is here that the development of dark matter and a number of other entertaining technologies that can have a serious impact on the development of mankind as a whole.
Interesting facts about MIT
The story with student Oliver Smoot, whose height was taken as a unit of measure, draws with his extraordinary character, when calculating the length of the Harvard Bridge. And it happened this way: a group of students began to move Oliver across the bridge leaving notes (in history they entered as mark-ups). As a result, they determined that the length of the bridge is 364.4 distemper and ear. The case is unusual, and yet it has borne fruit: albeit rarely, but this unit of measurement (analogous to the usual 1.7 meters) is still used and after almost 70 years. The above-mentioned protagonist of history soon became the head of the International Organization for Standardization.
John Forbes Nash Jr., a Nobel laureate, a well-known mathematician, was active in the Institute. His life story was reflected in the famous film "Mind Games" by Ron Howard.
Only two people in the history of the institute received honorary degrees: Winston Churchill and Salam Rushdie. The policy of MIT is aimed at the fact that they are proud of the opportunity to finish their studies at the university, which is considered a great honor.
Such a widely known term "hacker" was born in the walls of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. This term was applicable to students who quickly found the possibility of solving the tasks posed, at the same time without grace and originality - in other words, by the way.
There is an opportunity to receive free of charge knowledge, thanks to the public publication of lecture courses from MIT teachers on the pages of the official website.
Faculty of Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Bachelor's programs at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology provide for the possibility of studying 46 basic and 49 additional disciplines. The Institute includes 32 departments, a college, as well as five schools, including:
Architecture and planning;
Management;
Social and Human Sciences and Arts;
Scientific;
Engineering.
The last of the above list, the school has managed to become the most popular, and the numbers speak for themselves - 60% of the total number of students study here. 20% of students prefer scientific school. As for the popular directions in teaching, here are distinguished physicists, computer science, electronic engineering, biology and mathematics.
What are the student support programs in MIT?
The Massachusetts Institute of Technology prides itself on selecting students solely for their personal qualities, such as: the level of knowledge, the desire to receive education and to develop, and not by the size of the bank account. Moreover, they offer assistance to students who do not have the opportunity to pay for education, and the proportion of such 58%, and the annual scholarship is 41,000 dollars. This amount is determined taking into account such factors as: the financial situation of the student, merits before the institute, academic success. Funds for supporting students are not only allocated by the university itself, but also by private and public organizations.
Students at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology claim to receive grants both federal (up to $ 4,000 a year) and Pell Grant (up to $ 5,500). Among the popular programs in which students and teachers compete for grants are:
The Teacher Education Assistance for College and Higher Education Grant (here, assistant instructors from among students participate);
SEOG - federal assistance to students, where the sum of the city is from 100 to 4000 dollars a year.
But not only students have the opportunity to receive financial support while passing the education within the walls of MIT. Graduate students who conduct research or are engaged in teaching at the institute can apply for a higher stipend. Invest in promising graduate students for the most part, alternative funds, IT corporations or research companies, looking for employees. The amount of support for future academics varies, ranging from $ 15,000 to $ 65,000 a year. Some of the post-graduate students include the university itself, paying the tuition fee for students receiving education in the curriculum with a degree of "bachelor", as well as for conducting tutoring courses.
Master's Degree in Business Administration at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Despite the profile of the institute - engineering, economists here pay attention not less. It's no secret that Sloan School (School of Management) is a member of the most prestigious business schools in the world. The diplomas awarded to bachelors and masters here are highly appreciated by employers, including large corporations around the world.
It's rather difficult to enroll in the Sloan School at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, because the priority is not those applicants who barely managed to graduate from school, but have solid experience in business and management, who have positive recommendations from reputable employers or academics. In addition, confidence and a certain amount of experience and knowledge will be a bonus when conducting a personal interview - one of the most important stages of admission. Tuition fee here is about $ 63,000 per year - within the framework of the classical MBA program.
Tuition free of charge at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Exactly as with admission, and in the right to apply for grants and grants, all are equal - both US citizens and foreign students. The Massachusetts Institute of Technology is proud that its doors are open to all those applicants who have the talent for education and have the prospect of making progress in science. It is appreciated the ability of a person to think, going beyond the standards, and at the same time be able to get out of difficult situations in an original way.
As an excuse for a student to receive a scholarship, a low level of income for members of his family (less than $ 60,000 per year) can act. In case the student is really talented, but does not have the opportunity to pay for his own education, the institute will do it instead of him, providing the opportunity to study for free, to live in a hostel (free of charge). In addition, those who are approved for material assistance, are given the opportunity to travel and eat free of charge. To be heard, the student needs to confirm his right to receive material assistance by providing a package of documents: a certificate of the parents' income and an extract from the bank about the status of the accounts.
Prospects for graduates of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology
The authority of the university on the international arena opens serious opportunities for its graduates. Large organizations, research centers and laboratories are happy to receive them among their employees, providing prestigious work and a serious income level. According to statistics, about 25% of graduates are provided with a place of work, even without graduating from an educational institution. This opportunity is realized thanks to the recruitment service, functioning in the Institute, as well as proposals coming from sponsors. Another 20% of graduates receive jobs due to various network sites, participation in professional conferences. About 15% of students graduating from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology students, acquire the desired positions through internships. At their passage, companies and organizations select prospective employees, and immediately after they receive a scientific degree enrolled in the state. The vacancy fair allows you to get another 15% of graduates. The remaining 35% of graduates, after receiving bachelor's degrees, continue their studies in an effort to obtain a master's degree.
Annual salaries of graduates of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology:
Bachelors - 74 000 USD;
Masters - 85, 600 USD;
Master of Engineering - 95 000 USD;
Masters in Business Administration - 125 000 USD;
Annually, depending on the state of the economy, salaries can be changed to a greater extent, less often - to a smaller one. Graduates of MIT can be found among employees of such companies as Google, Apple, Oracle, Boeing, Microsoft, Amazon and many other serious corporations. Graduate students often receive proposals for employment within the walls of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Harvard and Stanford.
Famous graduates of MIT
Graduates, who achieved serious success in the fields of science, political and economic activity, are proud of universities. Among the graduates of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, you can list:
Kofi Annan, a prominent figure in the public and political arena. He received the Nobel Prize for his achievements, and also became the seventh secretary of the UN.
David Scott, who was an astronaut, led the expedition of "Apollo 15" to the moon, going down in history as one of 12 people who visited this satellite of the Earth.
The Nobel Prize in 1993 was awarded to another distinguished MIT graduate, Philip Sharp, who was famous for discovering the intermittent structure of the gene.
Known for his ability to apply the practical skills of an engineer, coupled with his entrepreneurial abilities, Robert Noyce, co-founded Intel, a world-renowned company specializing in IT technologies.
In the world of cinema, the representative of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Dolph Lundgren achieved not small successes, being not only an actor, but also a producer, director and screenwriter. With all his merits in the field of art, this man is a master of martial arts.
Prominent scientists, honored figures and politicians were released from the walls of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology quite a lot to glorify the university. Every year, about 4,000 foreign applicants file documents, with the hope of admission. But in fact, about 150 people are selected who are given serious requirements in terms of knowledge of English at a high level, not only verbal, but also written.
A foreigner is required, like a US citizen, to demonstrate high performance in the results of testing ACT or SAT. After acquaintance with the documents provided by the applicant (motivation letter, ESSE), the admission committee makes a decision to conduct an interview with the candidate.
|
||||
7733
|
dbpedia
|
3
| 87
|
https://www.nytimes.com/1998/03/29/magazine/kofi-annan-s-next-test.html
|
en
|
Kofi Annan's Next Test
|
[] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"James Traub"
] |
1998-03-29T00:00:00
|
James Traub profile of United Nations Sec Gen Kofi Annan; discusses his dual role as moral witness and chief executive; focuses on his role in resolving dispute over arms inspection in Iraq; photos (L)
|
en
|
/vi-assets/static-assets/favicon-d2483f10ef688e6f89e23806b9700298.ico
|
https://www.nytimes.com/1998/03/29/magazine/kofi-annan-s-next-test.html
|
A few minutes before noon on sunday, Feb. 22, three black Mercedes sedans pulled into the U-shaped driveway of the Baghdad villa in which the United Nations Secretary General, Kofi Annan, and his staff had been quartered since their arrival in Iraq two days earlier. These were not the same drivers who had taken Annan to his repeated negotiating sessions at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs; these were Saddam Hussein's personal drivers, among the very few people permitted to know the Iraqi President's whereabouts. They had come to take the Secretary General to his climactic negotiating session with Saddam. Annan was told that he could take no more than three aides and his bodyguard. He was not told where he was going. He didn't seem fazed;
Annan never seems fazed. Ahmad Fawzi, the spokesman for Annan's delegation, asked one of the Iraqis where the Secretary General was being taken. ''He looked at me like I was a cockroach,'' Fawzi said later. ''I think he wanted to take me out back and have me shot.''
Here was a moment scripted by Hollywood. Whatever moral romance is associated with Annan's job stems from its essential powerlessness. The Secretary General steps into a situation bristling with menace, armed only with his mandate and his moral authority. He has something of the Pope's spiritual status, but of course he has no church -- no army of believers. He is a small, solitary figure
silhouetted against a vast backdrop. And here, in Baghdad, Kofi Annan -- ''the soft-spoken, gentle lamb,'' as I heard him once mockingly call himself -- had been whisked off to meet the most evil tyrant on earth.
In reality, of course, the Secretary General is seldom truly unarmed. In this case, Saddam Hussein knew that the United States stood prepared to bomb his country to kingdom come if he did not open his eight ''presidential sites'' to U.N. weapons inspectors. But Saddam had not submitted so far; no one knew which way the seesaw would tip. The atmosphere at the villa as the Annan caravan sped away was a crackling mixture of helplessness, hope and sleep deprivation. Elisabeth Lindenmayer, who has worked with Annan for many years, paced back and forth for hours, waiting for the Mercedes to pull back into the driveway.
As it turned out, Annan was only a few minutes away, over at the Republican Presidential Palace, where he met with Saddam for three hours and, while the two men smoked cigars, persuaded him to accept what the Iraqis had said they could not accept -- unlimited access to the eight sites previously designated completely off-limits. At least for a time, Annan had averted the war that only a week earlier seemed almost inevitable. And he had done so without offering anything more than a few symbolic concessions. It might well have been the most dramatic achievement by a Secretary General since the era of Dag Hammarskjold.
Thank you for your patience while we verify access. If you are in Reader mode please exit and log into your Times account, or subscribe for all of The Times.
Thank you for your patience while we verify access.
Already a subscriber? Log in.
Want all of The Times? Subscribe.
|
|||||
7733
|
dbpedia
|
3
| 68
|
https://law.uoregon.edu/school-law-welcomes-largest-llm-cohort-program-history
|
en
|
The School of Law welcomes largest LLM cohort in program history
|
[
"https://law.uoregon.edu/modules/contrib/uo_core/uo-web-design-framework/images/uo-logo.svg",
"https://law.uoregon.edu/sites/default/files/styles/landscape/public/field/image/llm_class_header_0.jpg?itok=MRI7WL7q"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
This year, Oregon Law welcomed twenty-two students as part of the Master of Laws (LLM) Program. The students come from around the globe hailing from Saudi Arabia, Nigeria, South Korea, Kenya, and Liberia.
|
en
|
/themes/contrib/uo_cosmic_theme/favicon.ico
|
https://law.uoregon.edu/school-law-welcomes-largest-llm-cohort-program-history
|
This year, Oregon Law welcomed twenty-two students as part of the Master of Laws (LLM) Program. The students come from around the globe hailing from Saudi Arabia, Nigeria, South Korea, Kenya, and Liberia.
As part of the LLM program, students will pursue degrees in four concentration areas: American Law, Business Law, Conflict and Dispute Resolution, and Environmental Natural Resources Law. These concentrations are designed for both foreign and American lawyers who would like to continue their legal studies for professional advancement, in-depth study in a particular concentration, or development of a new practice area.
Mohamed Elian, program director of the LLM Program says that this LLM class represents various countries with diverse legal systems such as the civil law system, common law system, and the Islamic legal system.
“While they come from different legal backgrounds, they all have one goal: gain legal knowledge in the US and benefit from Oregon Law faculty expertise before returning to their countries to transfer the knowledge and experience they gained here to their communities.” Elian said.
For example, Tomik L. J. Vobah from Monrovia, Liberia, will study Conflict and Dispute Resolution through the LLM program. Vobah, is the General Counsel of Liberia’s Ministry of Health and a faculty member at the Kofi Annan School of Conflict Transformation at the University of Liberia. Vobah says that he believes the LLM degree will expose him to new methods of mediation, negotiation, or litigation. He also says that the program will prepare him to adeptly contribute to the pedagogy at the Kofi Annan School of Conflict Transformation at the University of Liberia, where he aspires to work after Oregon Law.
“I am pursuing LLM degree to expand my legal skills to enable me improve my efficiency and output at my current job and to contribute to the teaching faculty at the University of Liberia,” Vobah said. “I head a unit which provides wide range of legal services for the Ministry of Health including policy review, legal counsel, law review and reform, negotiation, and resolving disputes amongst other things. Given this wide range of functions, I want to expand my knowledge and expertise.”
Elian points out that many LLM students with a Business Law concentration are eager to access resources available at both the Eugene and Portland campuses. They can also participate in practical experience opportunities such as the Business Law Clinic. Other students are excited to work with the Environmental and Natural Resources Law Center’s faculty to learn from their expertise in fighting climate change. Students in the American Law Track look forward to learning about the American legal system, and many have shown interest in sitting for the bar exam before returning to their home countries.
Students from Saudi Arabia, Elian says, are eager to return to their country and contribute to the implementation of the Saudi Vision 2030 Program. The 2030 Program is a strategic framework to reduce Saudi Arabia's dependence on oil, diversify its economy, and develop public service sectors such as health, education, infrastructure, recreation, and tourism.
Gheith Aljawi is from Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, and pursuing a Business Law concentration. Before joining Oregon Law, Aljawi worked as a legal assistant at both SJK Law Firm and The International Legal Center Law Firm in Jeddah. He says that he chose Oregon’s LLM program from strong recommendations he gathered about the program from previous alumni.
“It offers a strong mix of training in a professional work atmosphere and strong academic performance,” said Aljawi.
Related Articles
Oregon’s Environmental Law and Legal Writing Programs Rise in Nation’s Top 10 Rankings
|
|||||
7733
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 26
|
https://digitaldefynd.com/IQ/famous-alumni-members-of-mit-university/
|
en
|
100 Famous Alumni Members of MIT University [2024]
|
[
"https://digitaldefynd.com/IQ/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/worlds-best-professional-programs-2000-x-200-px-850-x-350-px-4.svg",
"https://digitaldefynd.com/IQ/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/worlds-best-professional-programs-2000-x-200-px-850-x-300-px-1.svg",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1f7976e429bb4b4c022217c40edd1a70?s=100&d=mm&r=g",
"https://digitaldefynd.com/IQ/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/are-executive-education-programs-worth-it-390x205.jpg",
"https://digitaldefynd.com/IQ/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/How-to-Create-a-Successful-Employee-Training-Program-390x205.jpg",
"https://digitaldefynd.com/IQ/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Free-Zoology-Courses-390x205.jpg",
"https://digitaldefynd.com/IQ/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Executive-Education-Market-in-Europe-390x205.jpg",
"https://digitaldefynd.com/IQ/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/Benefits_of_Executive_Leadership_Programs-390x205.jpg",
"https://digitaldefynd.com/IQ/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Bootcamp-vs-Masterclass-Whats-the-Difference-390x205.jpg",
"https://digitaldefynd.com/IQ/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/worlds-best-professional-programs-2000-x-200-px-5-1.svg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Team DigitalDefynd"
] |
2024-02-28T16:22:12+00:00
|
The Massachusetts Institute of Technology, or MIT, is a renowned and highly rated institution of higher learning in the United
|
en
|
DigitalDefynd
|
https://digitaldefynd.com/IQ/famous-alumni-members-of-mit-university/
|
The Massachusetts Institute of Technology, or MIT, is a renowned and highly rated institution of higher learning in the United States. Since being ranked top in the QS World University Rankings for seven consecutive years, MIT has cemented its position as one of the most elite universities in the world. Having been linked to 91 Nobel Prize winners and having astronauts with an MIT education on more than a third of US crewed space missions, MIT received a perfect score in the category for “alumni outcomes.” You may take advantage of MIT’s superb research facilities, eminent instructors, and strong alumni network. You could know some of the MIT graduates from your daily life. Keep reading to learn about five famous alum members of MIT University.
100 Notable Alumni Members of MIT University [2024]
S.No. Name Course/Degree Department Current Profession 1 Ilene S. Gordon S.B. Mathematics (1975) Mathematics Executive Chairman of Ingredion Incorporated 2 Richard Feynman B.S. Physics (1939) Physics Theoretical Physicist, Nobel Laureate 3 Salman Khan M.Eng. Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (2006) Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Founder, Khan Academy 4 Shirley Ann Jackson Ph.D. Physics (1973) Physics President, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute 5 Charles Koch M.S. (1960) Mechanical Engineering CEO, Koch Industries 6 Kofi Annan M.S. Management (1972) Sloan School of Management Former UN Secretary-General 7 Buzz Aldrin Sc.D. Astronautics (1963) Aeronautics and Astronautics Astronaut, Apollo 11 mission 8 Amar Bose Ph.D. Electrical Engineering (1956) Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Founder, Bose Corporation 9 Timothy Berners-Lee Visiting Professor (1999-present) Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory Inventor of the World Wide Web 10 R. Erich Caulfield Ph.D. Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (2006) Electrical Engineering and Computer Science President of The Caulfield Consulting Group 11 Angela Belcher Ph.D. Inorganic Chemistry (1997) Department of Materials Science and Engineering Biological Engineer, MIT professor 12 Drew Houston S.B. Computer Science (2006) Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Co-founder and CEO of Dropbox 13 Sheila Widnall S.B., S.M., Ph.D. Aeronautics and Astronautics (1960, 1961, 1964) Aeronautics and Astronautics Institute Professor, MIT; Former Secretary of the Air Force 14 Daniel M. Kammen Postdoc (1988-1991) Physics Professor of Energy, UC Berkeley 15 Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala Ph.D. Regional Economics and Development (1981) Department of Urban Studies and Planning Director-General of the World Trade Organization 16 Paolo Zuccon Ph.D. Physics (2010) Physics Astrophysicist, known for contributions to particle astrophysics 17 Ray Kurzweil B.S. Computer Science and Literature (1970) Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Author, Inventor, and Futurist 18 Robert Langer Sc.D. Chemical Engineering (1974) Chemical Engineering Institute Professor, MIT; Biotechnologist 19 Tom Leighton Ph.D. Mathematics (1981) Mathematics Co-founder and CEO of Akamai Technologies 20 Raj Reddy Ph.D. Computer Science (1966) Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Professor of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University 21 Noam Chomsky Ph.D. Linguistics (1955) Modern Languages and Linguistics (now part of the School of Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences) Institute Professor Emeritus, MIT; Linguist and Philosopher 22 John M. Deutch B.S. Chemical Engineering (1961) Chemical Engineering Institute Professor, MIT; Former United States Deputy Secretary of Defense 23 George Schultz Ph.D. Industrial Economics (1949) Sloan School of Management Former U.S. Secretary of State 24 Susan Hockfield Ph.D. Neuroscience (1979) Biology President Emerita, MIT 25 Yet-Ming Chiang Sc.D. Materials Science and Engineering (1985) Materials Science and Engineering Professor, MIT; Co-founder of A123 Systems 26 Ben Silbermann Bachelor of Science (1999) Political Science Co-founder and CEO of Pinterest 27 Robert Metcalfe Ph.D. Computer Science (1973) Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Inventor of Ethernet; Founder of 3Com 28 Donald Sadoway Ph.D. Chemical Metallurgy (1977) Materials Science and Engineering John F. Elliott Professor of Materials Chemistry, MIT 29 Priya Balasubramaniam Ph.D. Bioengineering (2002) Biological Engineering Vice President, Apple Inc. 30 James DiCarlo M.D. Ph.D. Neuroscience (1998) Brain and Cognitive Sciences Head of the Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT 31 Hugh Herr Ph.D. Biophysics (1998) Media Arts and Sciences Biomechatronics researcher, MIT Media Lab 32 Rodney Brooks Ph.D. Computer Science (1981) Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Robotics entrepreneur; Co-founder of iRobot 33 Shiva Ayyadurai Ph.D. Biological Engineering (2007) Biological Engineering Entrepreneur; Claimed Inventor of Email 34 Dina Katabi Ph.D. Computer Science (2003) Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Professor, MIT; MacArthur Fellow 35 Joi Ito Visiting Professor Media Arts and Sciences Former Director of the MIT Media Lab 36 Esther Duflo Ph.D. Economics (1999) Economics Professor of Poverty Alleviation and Development Economics, MIT; Nobel Laureate 37 Max Tegmark Ph.D. Physics (1994) Physics Professor, MIT; Co-founder of the Future of Life Institute 38 Rosalind Picard Sc.D. Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (1991) Media Arts and Sciences Founder and Director of the Affective Computing Research Group, MIT Media Lab 39 Maria Zuber Ph.D. Geophysics (1986) Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences Vice President for Research, MIT 40 Eric Lander Ph.D. Mathematics (1981) Mathematics President and Founding Director of the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard 41 Sheila Jasanoff Ph.D. Linguistics (1973) School of Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences Pforzheimer Professor of Science and Technology Studies, Harvard Kennedy School 42 Michael Bloomberg M.B.A. (1966) Sloan School of Management Founder of Bloomberg L.P.; Former Mayor of New York City 43 Megan Smith S.B. Mechanical Engineering (1986) Mechanical Engineering Former U.S. Chief Technology Officer 44 Carlo Ratti Ph.D. Architecture (2004) Architecture Director of the Senseable City Lab, MIT 45 Anant Agarwal Ph.D. Electrical Engineering (1987) Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Founder and CEO of edX; Professor at MIT 46 Ursula Burns M.S. Mechanical Engineering (1981) Mechanical Engineering Former CEO of Xerox; Board Member of Uber 47 Jerome Friedman Ph.D. Physics (1956) Physics Nobel Laureate in Physics 48 Israel Ruiz M.S. Mechanical Engineering (2001) Mechanical Engineering Former Executive Vice President and Treasurer, MIT 49 Cynthia Breazeal Sc.D. Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (2000) Media Arts and Sciences Founder and Director of the Personal Robots Group, MIT Media Lab 50 Nicholas Negroponte M.Arch. Architecture (1966) Architecture Co-founder of the MIT Media Lab 51 Raghuram Rajan Ph.D. Management (1991) Sloan School of Management Professor of Finance at the University of Chicago Booth School of Business; Former Governor of the Reserve Bank of India 52 Andrew Lo Ph.D. Economics (1984) Sloan School of Management Charles E. and Susan T. Harris Professor at MIT Sloan School of Management 53 Erik Demaine Ph.D. Computer Science (2001) Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Professor of Computer Science, MIT 54 Sara Seager Ph.D. Astronomy (1999) Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences Professor of Planetary Science and Physics, MIT 55 Freeman Dyson Faculty Member Physics Theoretical Physicist and Mathematician (Deceased) 56 I. M. Pei B.Arch. (1940) Architecture Architect (Deceased) 57 William Redington Hewlett M.Eng. (1936) Electrical Engineering Co-founder, Hewlett-Packard (Deceased) 58 Amar G. Bose S.B., Ph.D. Electrical Engineering (1951, 1956) Electrical Engineering Founder, Bose Corporation (Deceased) 59 Feng Zhang Ph.D. Biochemistry (2009) Biology Core Member, Broad Institute; Pioneer in CRISPR-Cas9 Technology 60 Benjamin Netanyahu S.B. Architecture (1975), S.M. Management (1977) Architecture, Sloan School of Management Prime Minister of Israel 61 Lawrence Summers Ph.D. Economics (1982) Economics Former U.S. Secretary of the Treasury 62 Alfred P. Sloan B.S. Electrical Engineering (1895) Electrical Engineering Former President & CEO, General Motors (Deceased) 63 Lisa Su Ph.D. Electrical Engineering (1994) Electrical Engineering and Computer Science CEO, AMD 64 Ellen Swallow Richards B.S. Chemistry (1873) Chemistry Industrial and Environmental Chemist (Deceased) 65 John Thain M.B.A. (1979) Sloan School of Management Former CEO, Merrill Lynch 66 Robert Noyce Ph.D. Physics (1953) Physics Co-founder, Intel Corporation (Deceased) 67 Gitanjali Rao Currently Enrolled Undeclared Young Inventor and Scientist 68 David Koch M.S. (1963) Chemical Engineering Executive Vice President, Koch Industries (Deceased) 69 Colin Angle M.S. Computer Science (1991) Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Co-founder and CEO, iRobot 70 John H. Sununu Ph.D. Mechanical Engineering (1966) Mechanical Engineering Former Governor of New Hampshire; White House Chief of Staff 71 Cady Coleman Ph.D. Polymer Science and Engineering (1991) Chemistry NASA Astronaut 72 An Wang Ph.D. Applied Physics (1948) Applied Physics Founder, Wang Laboratories (Deceased) 73 John Maeda Ph.D. Design (1999) Media Arts and Sciences Graphic Designer, Technologist 74 Frank Gehry Architecture Coursework (did not graduate) Architecture Architect 75 Daniel Ek Attended (did not graduate) Electrical Engineering and Computer Science CEO and Co-founder, Spotify 76 Charles “Pete” Conrad B.S. Aeronautics and Astronautics (1953) Aeronautics and Astronautics Astronaut, Apollo 12 mission (Deceased) 77 Gene Sharp Ph.D. Political Theory (1968) Political Science Political Scientist, Author (Deceased) 78 Phillip Sharp Ph.D. Chemistry (1969) Chemistry Nobel Laureate in Physiology or Medicine 79 Victor J. Glover M.S. Engineering (2012) Aeronautics and Astronautics NASA Astronaut 80 Katie Bouman Ph.D. Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (2017) Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Assistant Professor of Computing and Mathematical Sciences, Caltech 81 Emmanuel Saez Ph.D. Economics (1999) Economics Professor of Economics, UC Berkeley 82 George Smoot Ph.D. Physics (1970) Physics Nobel Laureate in Physics, Astrophysicist 83 Robert Lefkowitz M.D. (1966) Chemistry Nobel Laureate in Chemistry 84 Andrea Wong B.S. Electrical Engineering (1988) Electrical Engineering Television Executive 85 John W. Thompson M.S. Management (1983) Sloan School of Management Chairman, Microsoft 86 Sheperd Doeleman Ph.D. Astrophysics (1995) Physics EHT Project Director, Astrophysicist 87 Joseph DeSimone Ph.D. Chemistry (1990) Chemistry Chemist, Inventor 88 Apoorva Mehta Dropped Out Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Founder and CEO, Instacart 89 Vladimir Bulović Ph.D. Electrical Engineering (1998) Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Professor of Electrical Engineering, MIT 90 Marc Raibert Ph.D. Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (1977) Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Founder of Boston Dynamics, Robotics Pioneer 91 Dava Newman Ph.D. Aerospace Biomedical Engineering (1992) Aeronautics and Astronautics Apollo Program Professor of Astronautics, MIT 92 Stephanie Kwolek B.S. Chemistry (1946) Chemistry Inventor of Kevlar (Deceased) 93 Robert Weinberg Ph.D. Biology (1969) Biology Cancer Researcher 94 Ramesh Raskar Ph.D. Media Arts and Sciences (2004) Media Arts and Sciences Associate Professor at MIT Media Lab 95 Eric Schmidt Ph.D. Computer Science (1982) Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Former CEO, Google 96 Muriel Médard Ph.D. Electrical Engineering (1995) Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Professor of Electrical Engineering, MIT 97 Geoffrey Hinton Ph.D. Artificial Intelligence (1978) Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Computer Scientist, Pioneer in Deep Learning 98 Daphne Koller Ph.D. Computer Science (1993) Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Co-founder of Coursera, AI and Machine Learning Pioneer 99 Neri Oxman Ph.D. Design Computation (2010) Architecture Designer and Professor, MIT Media Lab 100 Limor “Ladyada” Fried S.B. Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (2003) Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Founder of Adafruit Industries, Electronics Innovator
Related: MIT Executive Education Programs
1. Ilene S. Gordon
Ilene S. Gordon, CEO, President, and Chairman of Ingredion, earned her BSc in mathematics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1975. Initially planning to become a math teacher, she changed her mind after being motivated by the other female students in her class to pursue her master’s degree instead. She was included among the 50 Most Powerful Women by Fortune Magazine in 2015 and is highly renowned for her accomplishments as an entrepreneur. She created Ingredion, an ingredient supplier focused on starches and is a strong female entrepreneur. In addition to being an emeritus member of the board of directors Economic Club of Chicago, she formerly served on the board of trustees of MIT (also known as the Corporation).
2. Richard Feynman
Early on, Richard Feynman showed intelligence and drive. Before enrolling at MIT, he taught himself complex mathematics like differential and integral calculus. He originally intended to major in mathematics when he enrolled at the university. He said mathematics was “too abstract” and changed to electrical engineering. He eventually earned a physics degree in 1939. He was convinced to assist in creating the first atomic weapon before Nazi Germany could, and after completing his Ph.D. at Princeton University, he began working on the Manhattan Project. He eventually achieved fame as a theoretical physicist and won the Nobel Prize for his contributions to quantum electrodynamics and mechanics, among other fields. He continued to conduct significant research in quantum electrodynamics and lecture at Cornell University and Caltech, earning him the 1965 Nobel Prize in Physics.
3. Salman Khan
Salman Khan attended MIT in the late 1990s after graduating as valedictorian from Grace King High School and obtained an astonishing three majors (Electrical Engineering, Computer Science, and Mathematics), in addition to serving as Class President his final year. He started working on the YouTube channel that would eventually become Khan Academy, a free online learning resource, in 2003. Salman Khan was ranked among the top 100 influential people in the world in 2012. More than 100 people work at Khan Academy in Mountain View, California, at the moment. According to Khan Academy, students of all ages should have unrestricted access to free educational materials they may learn at leisure. In addition, Khan Academy provides free customized SAT preparation in collaboration with the College Board, the organization that created the exam. Khan has been featured on the cover of Forbes in a “60 Minutes” story and named one of TIME’s “100 Most Influential People in the World.” Sal describes his idea for the direction of education in his book, The One World Schoolhouse: Education Reimagined. Khan has three MIT degrees and a Harvard Business School MBA.
Related: Free MIT Courses & Certificate
4. Shirley Ann Jackson
Shirley Ann Jackson received her Ph.D. from MIT in 1973, becoming the first African-American woman to do so. She has a background in nuclear physics and currently serves as the president of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. During the Clinton administration, she served as chairperson of the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission. After being admitted to the National Women’s Hall of Fame in 1998, Jackson was appointed the 18th president of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute the following year. Since 2001, Jackson has raised awareness of the “Quiet Crisis” of America’s anticipated incapacity to innovate in the face of a coming scientific workforce shortfall. Jackson continues to be an advocate for women and minorities in the sciences. For “a lifetime of achievements in scientific research, education, and senior statesman-like contributions to public policy,” the National Science Board presented Shirley with the Vannevar Bush Award in 2007. She also received the National Medal of Science in 2016 for her contributions to condensed matter and particle physics.
5. Charles Koch
One of the co-owners and CEOs of Koch Industries, a company specializing in chemicals and oil refining, is Charles Koch. Before that, he graduated from MIT with a Bachelor of Science in Engineering in 1957 and two Master of Science in 1958 and 1960. He belonged to the Beta Theta Pi fraternity as a student at MIT. He inherited and built his firm with his brother after graduating. His business produces goods for some of the best-known brands in the world, including Quilted Northern and Dixie Cup. He was listed as the 11th richest person in the world in March 2019.
6. Kofi Annan
Kofi Annan is a notable alumnus of MIT’s Sloan School of Management, earning his M.S. in Management in 1972. He later served as the seventh Secretary-General of the United Nations from January 1997 to December 2006. Annan was the first UN staff member to assume the position of Secretary-General and was recognized for his strong advocacy for human rights, the rule of law, and Africa, as well as his work towards the Millennium Development Goals. In 2001, he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize alongside the United Nations for their efforts towards creating a more peaceful and organized world. Annan’s legacy is marked by his dedication to advancing global peace and encouraging social and economic development.
Related: Blockchain Executive Education Programs
7. Buzz Aldrin
Buzz Aldrin, a pioneering astronaut who obtained his Sc.D. in Astronautics from MIT in 1963, became a global icon when he, alongside Neil Armstrong, participated in the Apollo 11 mission, becoming one of the first humans to set foot on the moon. Aldrin’s doctoral thesis at MIT laid the groundwork for his future in space exploration, focusing on manned orbital rendezvous, a critical aspect of the Apollo missions. His contributions to the space program have been celebrated worldwide, and he has been awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom. Aldrin’s contributions have propelled space exploration and motivated generations to aspire to the heavens.
8. Amar Bose
Amar Bose, the mastermind behind Bose Corporation, completed his Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering from MIT in 1956. His intense fascination with acoustics drove him to delve into psychoacoustics research, eventually laying the groundwork for his company. Established in 1964, Bose Corporation is celebrated worldwide for its pioneering and premium audio devices. Bose’s contributions to audio technology have transformed how people listen to music, making his brand synonymous with excellence in sound. An MIT faculty member for over 45 years, Bose was deeply committed to education, preferring to be called Dr. Bose by his students. His legacy lives on through the company’s cutting-edge products and his impact on audio engineering and acoustics education.
9. Timothy Berners-Lee
Timothy Berners-Lee, a visiting professor at the CSAIL at MIT since 1999, is most famously known for his creation of the WWW. His vision for a global hyperlinked information system became a reality when he proposed an information management system in 1989, which later evolved into the web as we know it today. Berners-Lee’s creation has transformed the world, democratizing access to information, fostering global communication, and revolutionizing industries. He is a strong proponent of data privacy, open access, and unrestricted sharing of information on the internet. Due to their groundbreaking contributions, they have received several accolades, including the prestigious Turing Award.
Related: Design Thinking Executive Education Programs
10. R. Erich Caulfield
Erich Caulfield, who earned his Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science from MIT in 2006, is the President of The Caulfield Consulting Group, a firm dedicated to helping cities and non-profits solve critical problems and implement solutions for a better future. Caulfield has combined his MIT-honed analytical skills with a passion for public service, previously serving as a White House Fellow and policy advisor in the Obama administration. Besides his consultancy work, he actively participates in community development and educational projects. Caulfield exemplifies the MIT ethos of applying science and technology for the greater good, leveraging his expertise to positively impact public policy and community planning.
11. Angela Belcher
Angela Belcher, a pioneering biological engineer and MIT professor, was awarded her Ph.D. in Inorganic Chemistry in 1997 from MIT’s Department of Materials Science and Engineering. Her groundbreaking work involves evolving new materials for energy, electronics, and the environment, notably using viruses to grow and assemble materials for batteries and solar cells. Belcher’s innovations bridge biology and engineering, earning her recognition as a MacArthur Fellow. She embodies the spirit of interdisciplinary research, leveraging the principles of nature to solve complex technological challenges, and has co-founded several companies based on her research.
12. Drew Houston
Drew Houston, an MIT graduate with an S.B. in Computer Science in 2006, co-founded Dropbox, a leading cloud storage service that fundamentally changed how people store and share files online. Inspired by his frustrations with forgetting his USB drive, Houston developed Dropbox to make files easily accessible from anywhere. As CEO, Houston has led Dropbox from a simple idea to a service millions use worldwide, showcasing the potential of combining technical expertise with entrepreneurial vision. His work has revolutionized data storage and inspired countless other startups.
Related: Branding Executive Education Programs
13. Sheila Widnall
Sheila Widnall, who earned her S.B., S.M., and Ph.D. degrees in Aeronautics and Astronautics from MIT in 1960, 1961, and 1964, respectively, is a distinguished Institute Professor at MIT and served as the first female Secretary of the Air Force. Her extensive research in fluid dynamics has contributed significantly to aircraft and spacecraft design. A commitment to public service and advancing women in engineering and science marks Widnall’s career. Her leadership roles extend into academia and government, where she has influenced policy and research in aerospace and beyond.
14. Daniel M. Kammen
Daniel M. Kammen completed his postdoctoral research in Physics at MIT from 1988 to 1991 before becoming a Professor of Energy at the University of California, Berkeley. He focuses on renewable energy and climate change policy, emphasizing developing and deploying sustainable technologies. Kammen has served in various advisory capacities for the World Bank and the U.S. government, contributing his expertise to global efforts on energy and climate. His research and policy work exemplify how scientific knowledge can influence environmental sustainability.
15. Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala
Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala holds a Ph.D. in Regional Economics and Development from MIT’s Department of Urban Studies and Planning, which she obtained in 1981. She made history as the first African woman appointed as the WTO’s DG. Her illustrious career spans over 25 years at the World Bank, and she served as Nigeria’s Finance Minister for two terms, where she successfully led several economic reforms. Okonjo-Iweala’s leadership at the WTO focuses on fair trade practices, economic development, and addressing global challenges like the COVID-19 pandemic and climate change.
Related: MIT vs Oxford University
16. Paolo Zuccon
Paolo Zuccon, earning his Ph.D. in Physics from MIT in 2010, has significantly contributed to particle astrophysics. His work involves understanding the fundamental particles and forces of the universe, contributing to our knowledge of dark matter and cosmic rays. Zuccon’s research at institutions like CERN has been pivotal in advancing the field of astrophysics, illustrating the impact of MIT-trained physicists on our understanding of the cosmos.
17. Ray Kurzweil
Ray Kurzweil completed his B.S. in CS and Literature at MIT in 1970 and is a renowned author, inventor, and futurist. His inventions in optical character recognition, text-to-speech synthesis, and musical synthesizers have profoundly impacted technology and accessibility. Kurzweil’s predictions on artificial intelligence, the singularity, and the future of human-machine interaction have sparked significant discussion and debate, making him a prominent figure in speculative and science fiction.
18. Robert Langer
Robert Langer is a highly distinguished engineer who obtained his Sc.D. degree in Chemical Engineering from MIT in 1974. As an Institute Professor at MIT, he has made groundbreaking contributions to tissue engineering and drug delivery and is among the most frequently cited engineers in history. Langer’s work has led to the development of numerous medical devices, drugs, and therapies, profoundly impacting healthcare and biotechnology. In addition to his academic accomplishments, he is also a prolific entrepreneur, having co-founded more than 30 companies. He is also an inventor with over 1,400 patents either granted or pending to his name.
Related: Columbia University vs MIT
19. Tom Leighton
Tom Leighton, who earned his Ph.D. in Mathematics from MIT in 1981, co-founded Akamai Technologies. The company is a world-renowned provider of content delivery network services. As CEO, Leighton’s expertise in algorithms has been critical in making the Internet faster and more reliable. His work addresses challenges related to internet congestion, cybersecurity, and cloud services, demonstrating the practical applications of mathematical principles in solving complex technological problems.
20. Raj Reddy
Raj Reddy obtained his Ph.D. in Computer Science from MIT in 1966 and is currently a Professor of Computer Science at Carnegie Mellon University. A pioneer in artificial intelligence and robotics, Reddy’s contributions have shaped the development of human-computer interaction, voice recognition, and autonomous vehicles. His dedication to expanding access to technology and education is evident in his involvement in global initiatives to bridge the digital divide.
21. Noam Chomsky
Noam Chomsky, who earned his Ph.D. in Linguistics in 1955 from MIT’s Department of Modern Languages and Linguistics, now part of the School of Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences, is globally recognized as the father of modern linguistics. As an Institute Professor Emeritus at MIT, Chomsky has revolutionized our understanding of language, with his theory of generative grammar challenging traditional notions of language acquisition. Beyond linguistics, Chomsky is a prolific writer on politics, media, and philosophy, known for his critique of media manipulation and economic inequity. His intellectual contributions span multiple disciplines, making him one of the most cited scholars in modern history.
Related: MIT Admission Interview Questions
22. John M. Deutch
John M. Deutch received his B.S. in Chemical Engineering from MIT in 1961 and served as an Institute Professor at MIT and the United States Deputy Secretary of Defense. Deutch’s career has bridged academia, government, and industry with significant national security and energy policy contributions. His work in the Department of Defense and the intelligence community, including a stint as Director of the Central Intelligence Agency, has had a lasting impact on American foreign and domestic policy.
23. George Schultz
George Schultz earned his Ph.D. in Industrial Economics in 1949 from MIT’s Sloan School of Management. Schultz had a remarkable career in public service, which included serving as the U.S. Secretary of State during President Ronald Reagan’s administration. He played a key role in shaping U.S. foreign policy during the Cold War era. Schultz’s diplomacy navigated complex international relations, including arms control negotiations and efforts to improve U.S.-Soviet relations. His legacy includes significant economic policy, labor relations, and international diplomacy contributions.
24. Susan Hockfield
Susan Hockfield, who obtained her Ph.D. in Neuroscience from MIT’s Biology Department in 1979, served as the President of MIT from 2004 to 2012, becoming the first woman to hold the position. Hockfield emphasized interdisciplinary research and innovation during her presidency, particularly in energy and biotechnology. Her leadership helped to foster collaborations that bridged traditional academic boundaries, promoting advances in sustainable energy and the convergence of the life sciences with engineering and physical sciences.
Related: MIT vs Stanford University
25. Yet-Ming Chiang
Yet-Ming Chiang received his Sc.D. degree in Materials Science and Engineering from MIT in 1985 and is currently a professor in the same department. He is also a co-founder of A123 Systems, where he has been instrumental in developing advanced materials for batteries and energy storage technologies. His work has been pivotal in creating more efficient, durable, and environmentally friendly energy solutions, contributing significantly to advancing electric vehicles and renewable energy systems.
26. Ben Silbermann
Ben Silbermann, who graduated from MIT with a Bachelor of Science in Political Science in 1999, co-founded Pinterest, a visual discovery and planning tool that has transformed how people find inspiration for their interests and hobbies. As CEO, Silbermann has guided Pinterest from a niche site to a global platform that serves millions of users worldwide, showcasing the power of vision and creativity in tech entrepreneurship.
27. Robert Metcalfe
Robert Metcalfe completed his Ph.D. in Computer Science at MIT in 1973 and invented Ethernet, a fundamental technology that enables computer networks to communicate efficiently. As the founder of 3Com, Metcalfe played a crucial role in developing networking technologies that form the backbone of today’s internet. The individual has received various awards for their contributions, including the National Medal of Technology and Innovation.
Related: MIT vs Harvard University
28. Donald Sadoway
Donald Sadoway earned his Ph.D. in Chemical Metallurgy from MIT in 1977 and currently holds the position of John F. Elliott Professor of Materials Chemistry at MIT. Sadoway’s research focuses on batteries and energy storage technologies, particularly liquid metal batteries for grid-level energy storage. His innovative approach to battery design aims to make renewable energy more practical and accessible, demonstrating a commitment to solving some of the world’s most pressing energy challenges.
29. Priya Balasubramaniam
Priya Balasubramaniam, a Ph.D. in Bioengineering from MIT in 2002, serves as Vice President at Apple Inc., where her work has contributed to developing and manufacturing some of the world’s most iconic technology products. Her role at Apple underscores the importance of interdisciplinary expertise in bioengineering and technology in creating innovative consumer electronics that enhance people’s lives.
30. James DiCarlo
James DiCarlo holds both an M.D. and a Ph.D. in Neuroscience from MIT, and he currently serves as the head of the Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences at MIT. DiCarlo’s research focuses on the neural mechanisms of visual perception and object recognition, aiming to understand how the brain interprets visual information. His work significantly impacts the development of AI systems that mimic human vision, contributing to ML and AI advancements.
Related: Famous MIT Professors
Conclusion
The remarkable achievements of MIT alumni underscore the institute’s legacy of fostering innovation, leadership, and interdisciplinary collaboration across a wide spectrum of fields. From revolutionizing digital and technological landscapes to pioneering advancements in science and engineering, shaping global policies, and leading academic and corporate institutions, these distinguished individuals exemplify MIT’s profound impact on the world.
Their contributions, rooted in MIT’s rigorous academic and research-oriented environment, highlight the institution’s role in preparing visionary leaders and innovators who excel in their respective domains and contribute significantly to addressing some of the most challenging problems of our time. The stories of these MIT alumni serve as a testament to the enduring value of an MIT education and its role in driving forward human progress and innovation.
|
|||||
7733
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 73
|
https://globalprep.gr/10-most-successful-mit-graduates/
|
en
|
Οι 10 πιο επιτυχημένοι απόφοιτοι του MIT – Global Prep – Προετοιμασία GMAT / GRE / IELTS / TOEFL
|
[
"https://www.facebook.com/tr?id=381594655334567&ev=PageView&noscript=1",
"https://globalprep.gr/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GLOBAL_LOGOTYPE_GMAT_tiny.png",
"https://globalprep.gr/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GLOBAL_LOGOTYPE_GMAT_tiny.png",
"http://www.topuniversities.com/sites/default/files/styles/lead_article_image/public/blogs/lead-images/mit_graduates_lead_image.jpg?itok=l_i8a09h",
"http://www.topuniversities.com/sites/default/files/styles/panopoly_image_original/public/buzz_aldrin_0.jpg?itok=REhF3Eby",
"http://www.topuniversities.com/sites/default/files/styles/panopoly_image_original/public/richard_feynman_1.jpg?itok=BdRQC2Lh",
"http://www.topuniversities.com/sites/default/files/styles/panopoly_image_original/public/shirley_ann_jackson_world_economic_forum_2010.jpg?itok=Jx32Km81",
"http://www.topuniversities.com/sites/default/files/styles/panopoly_image_original/public/kofi_annan.jpg?itok=4OShslgd",
"http://www.topuniversities.com/sites/default/files/styles/panopoly_image_original/public/katharine_mccormick.jpg?itok=KG4GFVsp",
"http://www.topuniversities.com/sites/default/files/styles/panopoly_image_original/public/michael_massimino_0.jpg?itok=zU6whPrW"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
en
|
https://globalprep.gr/10-most-successful-mit-graduates/
|
Which MIT graduates are doing particularly well for themselves? Read on to find out about some of the top tech school’s most successful alumni…
1. Buzz Aldrin
The second person to walk on the Moon, Edwin “Buzz” Aldrin gained a doctorate in astronautics at MIT in 1963. His dissertation was titled, “Line-of-sight Guidance Techniques for Manned Orbital Rendezvous.” His first impression of the Moon was that it was “magnificent desolation”, which became the title of one of his autobiographies. Also a former US Air Force officer and command pilot, Buzz has recently expressed his support for a manned mission to Mars and colonization of the planet by 2040.
2. Ilene S. Gordon
Ilene S. Gordon, CEO, President and Chairman of Ingredion, earned her BSc in mathematics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1975, then changed her mind about becoming a math teacher and decided to go into business, graduating with a Master of Science from the MIT Sloan School of Management in 1976. She has received widespread recognition for her success, and was ranked 43rd in Fortune Magazine’s list of the 50 most powerful women in 2012.
3. Richard Feynman
Richard Feynman studied ‘Introduction to Theoretical Physics’ in his second year at MIT, an advanced class intended for postgraduate students, and graduated in 1939. He then studied a PhD at Princeton University before working on the Manhattan Project, having been persuaded to help build the first atomic bomb before Nazi Germany could. He went on to lecture at both Cornell University and Caltech whilst developing significant research in quantum electrodynamics, leading to his Nobel Prize in Physics in 1965.
4. Jonah Peretti
Founder of BuzzFeed and one of the co-founders of The Huffington Post, Jonah Peretti originally studied his bachelor’s degree at University of California, Santa Cruz before going on to complete a postgraduate degree at MIT’s Media Lab. While there, he became prominent when his email exchange with Nike about his request to print “sweatshop” on custom-order shoes went viral. He coined the term “reblog” and has continued to use his knowledge of social media sharing to growBuzzFeed so that users browse the site for genuine news, as well as the site’s staple diet of humorous listicles.
5. Shirley Ann Jackson
In 1973 Shirley Ann Jackson became the first African-American woman to earn a doctorate from MIT. Having studied nuclear physics, she was the chairman of the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission during the Clinton administration, and is now the president of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. In 2007 the National Science Board gave Shirley the Vannevar Bush Award for “a lifetime of achievements in scientific research, education and senior statesman-like contributions to public policy”.
6. Robin Chase
Having graduated from the MIT Sloan School of Management with a Masters in Management in 1986, Robin Chase has since gone on to become a successful transportation entrepreneur, founding her own car-sharing service, Buzzcar, as well as being a co-founder and former CEO of Zipcar, the largest car-sharing company in the world. In 2014 she received both an honorary PhD from Illinois Institute of Technology and a Women’s Leadership Award from Harvard College.
7. Kofi Annan
Kofi Annan was the seventh Secretary-General of the United Nations from 1997 to 2006, and was awarded a Nobel Peace Prize in 2001 along with the UN for “their work for a better organized and more peaceful world”. He has since established the Kofi Annan Foundation, an independent, not-for profit organization which works to promote better international governance and support the abilities of people and countries to achieve a fairer, more peaceful world.
8. Andrea Wong
Andrea Wong, the president of Sony International Production, graduated from MIT in 1988 with a degree in electrical engineering and went on to gain an MBA from Stanford University. Prior to working for Sony, Andrea was an executive for ABC in America, where she helped develop popular TV shows The Bachelor, Dancing with the Stars and the Emmy Award-winning Extreme Makeover: Home Edition.
9. Katharine McCormick
Katharine McCormick graduated from MIT in 1904, earning a BSc in biology, and became involved in philanthropy and women’s suffrage. She funded most of the research needed to develop the first birth control pill, and continued to fund birth control research in the sixties. Following her death in 1967, her will assigned US$5 million to Stanford University School of Medicine to support female physicians.
10. Michael J. Massimino
You might recognize him from The Big Bang Theory, but did you know he was a real astronaut (playing himself)? Michael graduated from MIT in 1988 with MSc degrees in mechanical engineering, technology and public policy. He is now the senior advisor of space programs at the Intrepid Sea, Air & Space Museum and a professor of mechanical engineering at Columbia University, having previously attended the university for his bachelor’s degree in industrial engineering.
|
|||||||
7733
|
dbpedia
|
0
| 85
|
https://globalprep.gr/10-most-successful-mit-graduates/
|
en
|
Οι 10 πιο επιτυχημένοι απόφοιτοι του MIT – Global Prep – Προετοιμασία GMAT / GRE / IELTS / TOEFL
|
[
"https://www.facebook.com/tr?id=381594655334567&ev=PageView&noscript=1",
"https://globalprep.gr/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GLOBAL_LOGOTYPE_GMAT_tiny.png",
"https://globalprep.gr/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GLOBAL_LOGOTYPE_GMAT_tiny.png",
"http://www.topuniversities.com/sites/default/files/styles/lead_article_image/public/blogs/lead-images/mit_graduates_lead_image.jpg?itok=l_i8a09h",
"http://www.topuniversities.com/sites/default/files/styles/panopoly_image_original/public/buzz_aldrin_0.jpg?itok=REhF3Eby",
"http://www.topuniversities.com/sites/default/files/styles/panopoly_image_original/public/richard_feynman_1.jpg?itok=BdRQC2Lh",
"http://www.topuniversities.com/sites/default/files/styles/panopoly_image_original/public/shirley_ann_jackson_world_economic_forum_2010.jpg?itok=Jx32Km81",
"http://www.topuniversities.com/sites/default/files/styles/panopoly_image_original/public/kofi_annan.jpg?itok=4OShslgd",
"http://www.topuniversities.com/sites/default/files/styles/panopoly_image_original/public/katharine_mccormick.jpg?itok=KG4GFVsp",
"http://www.topuniversities.com/sites/default/files/styles/panopoly_image_original/public/michael_massimino_0.jpg?itok=zU6whPrW"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
en
|
https://globalprep.gr/10-most-successful-mit-graduates/
|
Which MIT graduates are doing particularly well for themselves? Read on to find out about some of the top tech school’s most successful alumni…
1. Buzz Aldrin
The second person to walk on the Moon, Edwin “Buzz” Aldrin gained a doctorate in astronautics at MIT in 1963. His dissertation was titled, “Line-of-sight Guidance Techniques for Manned Orbital Rendezvous.” His first impression of the Moon was that it was “magnificent desolation”, which became the title of one of his autobiographies. Also a former US Air Force officer and command pilot, Buzz has recently expressed his support for a manned mission to Mars and colonization of the planet by 2040.
2. Ilene S. Gordon
Ilene S. Gordon, CEO, President and Chairman of Ingredion, earned her BSc in mathematics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1975, then changed her mind about becoming a math teacher and decided to go into business, graduating with a Master of Science from the MIT Sloan School of Management in 1976. She has received widespread recognition for her success, and was ranked 43rd in Fortune Magazine’s list of the 50 most powerful women in 2012.
3. Richard Feynman
Richard Feynman studied ‘Introduction to Theoretical Physics’ in his second year at MIT, an advanced class intended for postgraduate students, and graduated in 1939. He then studied a PhD at Princeton University before working on the Manhattan Project, having been persuaded to help build the first atomic bomb before Nazi Germany could. He went on to lecture at both Cornell University and Caltech whilst developing significant research in quantum electrodynamics, leading to his Nobel Prize in Physics in 1965.
4. Jonah Peretti
Founder of BuzzFeed and one of the co-founders of The Huffington Post, Jonah Peretti originally studied his bachelor’s degree at University of California, Santa Cruz before going on to complete a postgraduate degree at MIT’s Media Lab. While there, he became prominent when his email exchange with Nike about his request to print “sweatshop” on custom-order shoes went viral. He coined the term “reblog” and has continued to use his knowledge of social media sharing to growBuzzFeed so that users browse the site for genuine news, as well as the site’s staple diet of humorous listicles.
5. Shirley Ann Jackson
In 1973 Shirley Ann Jackson became the first African-American woman to earn a doctorate from MIT. Having studied nuclear physics, she was the chairman of the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission during the Clinton administration, and is now the president of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. In 2007 the National Science Board gave Shirley the Vannevar Bush Award for “a lifetime of achievements in scientific research, education and senior statesman-like contributions to public policy”.
6. Robin Chase
Having graduated from the MIT Sloan School of Management with a Masters in Management in 1986, Robin Chase has since gone on to become a successful transportation entrepreneur, founding her own car-sharing service, Buzzcar, as well as being a co-founder and former CEO of Zipcar, the largest car-sharing company in the world. In 2014 she received both an honorary PhD from Illinois Institute of Technology and a Women’s Leadership Award from Harvard College.
7. Kofi Annan
Kofi Annan was the seventh Secretary-General of the United Nations from 1997 to 2006, and was awarded a Nobel Peace Prize in 2001 along with the UN for “their work for a better organized and more peaceful world”. He has since established the Kofi Annan Foundation, an independent, not-for profit organization which works to promote better international governance and support the abilities of people and countries to achieve a fairer, more peaceful world.
8. Andrea Wong
Andrea Wong, the president of Sony International Production, graduated from MIT in 1988 with a degree in electrical engineering and went on to gain an MBA from Stanford University. Prior to working for Sony, Andrea was an executive for ABC in America, where she helped develop popular TV shows The Bachelor, Dancing with the Stars and the Emmy Award-winning Extreme Makeover: Home Edition.
9. Katharine McCormick
Katharine McCormick graduated from MIT in 1904, earning a BSc in biology, and became involved in philanthropy and women’s suffrage. She funded most of the research needed to develop the first birth control pill, and continued to fund birth control research in the sixties. Following her death in 1967, her will assigned US$5 million to Stanford University School of Medicine to support female physicians.
10. Michael J. Massimino
You might recognize him from The Big Bang Theory, but did you know he was a real astronaut (playing himself)? Michael graduated from MIT in 1988 with MSc degrees in mechanical engineering, technology and public policy. He is now the senior advisor of space programs at the Intrepid Sea, Air & Space Museum and a professor of mechanical engineering at Columbia University, having previously attended the university for his bachelor’s degree in industrial engineering.
|
|||||||
7733
|
dbpedia
|
3
| 48
|
https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Kofi_Annan
|
en
|
Kofi Annan
|
[
"https://wikiwandv2-19431.kxcdn.com/_next/image?url=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Kofi_Annan_2012_%2528cropped%2529.jpg/640px-Kofi_Annan_2012_%2528cropped%2529.jpg&w=640&q=50",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Kofi_Annan_2012_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Kofi_Annan_2012_%28cropped%29.jpg",
"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Kofi_Annan_signature.svg/128px-Kofi_Annan_signature.svg.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
Kofi Atta Annan was a Ghanaian diplomat who served as the seventh secretary-general of the United Nations from 1997 to 2006. Annan and the UN were the co-recipients of the 2001 Nobel Peace Prize. He was the founder and chairman of the Kofi Annan Foundation, as well as chairman of The Elders, an international organisation founded by Nelson Mandela.
|
en
|
Wikiwand
|
https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Kofi_Annan
|
Kofi Atta Annan ( KOH-fee AN-an,[1] - AH-nahn;[2] 8 April 1938 – 18 August 2018) was a Ghanaian diplomat who served as the seventh secretary-general of the United Nations from 1997 to 2006.[3] Annan and the UN were the co-recipients of the 2001 Nobel Peace Prize.[4] He was the founder and chairman of the Kofi Annan Foundation, as well as chairman of The Elders, an international organisation founded by Nelson Mandela.[5]
Quick Facts Busumuru, 7th Secretary-General of the United Nations ...
Close
Annan joined the United Nations in 1962, working for the World Health Organization's Geneva office. He went on to work in several capacities at the UN Headquarters, including serving as the Under-Secretary-General for peacekeeping between March 1992 and December 1996. He was appointed secretary-general on 13 December 1996 by the Security Council and later confirmed by the General Assembly, making him the first officeholder to be elected from the UN staff itself. He was re-elected for a second term in 2001 and was succeeded as secretary-general by Ban Ki-moon in 2007.
|
|||||
7733
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 53
|
https://digitaldefynd.com/IQ/mit-vs-stanford/
|
en
|
MIT vs. Stanford University: Which is Right for You? [2024]
|
[
"https://digitaldefynd.com/IQ/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Digital-Defynd-Logo-1.svg",
"https://digitaldefynd.com/IQ/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/DigitalDefynd-Logo-220-×-220-px-3.svg",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/e79783d8084cf47d40773eab763e0e8f?s=100&d=mm&r=g",
"https://digitaldefynd.com/IQ/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/hybrid-learning-vs-online-learning-390x205.jpg",
"https://digitaldefynd.com/IQ/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/25-Free-Music-Courses-2024-390x205.jpg",
"https://digitaldefynd.com/IQ/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/10-Free-HVAC-Courses-2024-390x205.jpg",
"https://digitaldefynd.com/IQ/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/How-and-Why-to-Provide-Financial-Literacy-to-Employees-2023-390x205.jpg",
"https://digitaldefynd.com/IQ/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Reasons-Why-You-Must-Study-Swedish-390x205.jpg",
"https://digitaldefynd.com/IQ/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/Famous-MIT-Alumni-390x205.jpg",
"https://digitaldefynd.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/DigitalDefynd-RHS-2.svg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Team DigitalDefynd"
] |
2024-01-16T06:41:23+00:00
|
The world of prestigious higher education is dominated by institutions that have stood the test of time, continually evolving and
|
en
|
DigitalDefynd
|
https://digitaldefynd.com/IQ/mit-vs-stanford/
|
The world of prestigious higher education is dominated by institutions that have stood the test of time, continually evolving and influencing global academia. At the pinnacle of this elite group are the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Stanford University. While they may be geographically separated by coasts, intellectually and influentially, they are often mentioned in the same breath. Both have consistently been at the forefront, shaping thinkers, leaders, inventors, and entrepreneurs, influencing not only individual trajectories but the broader contours of industries and global innovation.
MIT, with its rich heritage in Cambridge, Massachusetts, seamlessly merges East Coast charm with a fervent passion for science and technology. In contrast, Stanford, rooted in California’s heart, is deeply intertwined with the narratives of Silicon Valley, epitomizing the entrepreneurial spirit and the promise of groundbreaking ventures. For those at pivotal junctures in their academic or professional journeys, understanding the distinct ethos, values, and opportunities these two behemoths offer can be a guiding light. This detailed exploration explores what makes MIT and Stanford the revered institutions they are today.
MIT vs. Stanford: Which is Right for You?
1. Academic Excellence
MIT is not just an educational institution; it’s a veritable hub for global innovation, especially in engineering, computer science, and economics. This institute has consistently prioritized a curriculum that fosters hands-on learning. This approach, combined with an unwavering emphasis on science and technology, has led MIT to set global standards in education. The motto “Mens et Manus,” translating to “Mind and Hand,” exemplifies the MIT ethos, underscoring the belief in the practical application of knowledge as an instrument for change.
On the other side of the country, Stanford University has carved a unique niche, especially in computer science, engineering, and business studies. Nestled in the heart of Silicon Valley, Stanford offers its students an unparalleled vantage point into the world of technology and entrepreneurship. This strategic location, coupled with a curriculum that seamlessly merges theory with real-world application, ensures that Stanford graduates are equipped with knowledge and experience, ready to lead in their respective fields.
Related: MIT Executive Program in General Management Review
2. Innovation and Entrepreneurship
Over the years, institutions like the MIT Media Lab and the MIT Sloan School of Management have become synonymous with groundbreaking innovations and pioneering startups. Thanks to MIT’s deep industry linkages and the thriving entrepreneurial ecosystem of Boston, it stands as a guiding light, guiding the next generation of innovators and entrepreneurs.
Stanford’s legacy is inextricably linked with the meteoric rise of Silicon Valley. Institutions such as the Stanford Research Park and the d.school (Design School) serve as testaments to its commitment to fostering innovation. It’s no wonder tech giants like Google and Hewlett-Packard trace their origin back to this iconic institution.
3. Executive Education and C-Suite Programs
For professionals with an eye on the C-suite, the MIT Sloan School of Management has crafted many executive programs. Addressing contemporary subjects like Digital Transformation and Artificial Intelligence, these programs aim to mold leaders aptly suited for the challenges and opportunities of the digital age.
The Stanford Graduate School of Business is renowned globally for its executive programs. With a curriculum accentuating global leadership, innovation, and strategic thinking, courses here ensure that aspirants are well-versed in the nuances of leadership in today’s tech-centric world, from cybersecurity to data engineering.
4. Campus and Facilities
MIT’s urban campus in Cambridge is regarded as an architectural marvel, blending the historical with the avant-garde. Beyond its classrooms, the Institute is a stone’s throw away from Boston’s rich historical landmarks, myriad eateries, and diverse cultural locales, providing students with a holistic environment for study and leisure.
Stanford’s sprawling 8,180-acre campus offers more than just academic facilities. With its harmonious blend of mission-style and contemporary architecture, interspersed with vast green expanses and even a dedicated research forest, Stanford offers an academic sanctuary, balancing serene natural beauty with the kinetic energy of Silicon Valley.
Related: MIT Admission Interview Questions
5. Global Influence and Network
MIT’s illustrious alumni, including dignitaries like Kofi Annan, the former UN Secretary-General, and Raghuram Rajan, the former RBI Governor, amplify its global impact. Its international collaborations with top-tier universities and research hubs further augment MIT’s vast global footprint, ensuring its influence permeates borders.
Stanford’s alumni network reads like a who’s who of the tech industry. Notables like Google’s co-founders Larry Page and Sergey Brin and Netflix’s trailblazer Reed Hastings have left indelible marks on the tech landscape. Moreover, Stanford’s extensive global programs and partnerships reinforce its commitment to global education and influence.
6. Research Opportunities
MIT is at the forefront of groundbreaking research, with its endeavors in quantum computing, nanotechnology, and biomedicine. The Institute’s cutting-edge facilities and resources provide students and researchers with unparalleled opportunities to work on projects often herald scientific breakthroughs and redefine industries.
Stanford’s commitment to interdisciplinary research shines through in its esteemed institutes like the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and the Stanford Woods Institute for the Environment. Here, students and scholars collaborate on innovative projects, transcending traditional academic boundaries and driving forward the frontiers of knowledge.
7. Cultural and Extracurricular Activities
Beyond academics, MIT’s commitment to addressing global challenges is evident in its D-Lab, while the Arts Initiative nurtures creative minds. Furthermore, events such as the annual MIT Mystery Hunt offer students a delightful escape, fostering camaraderie and intellectual exhilaration beyond the classrooms.
Cultural appreciation thrives at Stanford. The Cantor Arts Center and the Bing Concert Hall are hubs for artistic expression and appreciation. Furthermore, events like the Stanford Powwow celebrate cultural diversity and inclusivity and ensure that the Stanford experience transcends academics, enriching the soul.
Related: Famous Stanford Alumni
MIT vs. Stanford University: A Comparison Table
Factor MIT Stanford University Location Nestled in the historic city of Cambridge, Massachusetts Situated in the vibrant heart of Silicon Valley, Stanford, California Type of Institution A private institution revered for its focus on science and technology A private research university with a strong emphasis on entrepreneurship Major Areas of Study Globally recognized for Engineering, Computer Science, Business, and Natural Sciences Renowned for Computer Science, Business, Medicine, Engineering, and Liberal Arts Campus Size Compact yet dynamic, spanning approximately 168 acres Sprawling over approximately 8,180 acres of California landscape Student Population A vibrant academic family of about 11,500 students (undergraduate & graduate combined) A diverse community of approximately 17,000 students (undergraduate & graduate combined) US Ranking (US News 2024 Edition) Ranked 2th in National Universities Ranked 3rd in National Universities QS Global Ranking Stands 1st in Global University Rankings Positioned 3rd in Global University Rankings Average Undergraduate Tuition Fee Approximately $55,000 annually (excluding room & board) Approximately $53,000 annually (excluding room & board) Average Salary Package After Graduation Graduates often command starting salaries ranging from $70,000 to $80,000 Graduates typically secure between $70,000 to $90,000 as starting salaries Endowment A robust endowment of over $24 billion One of the largest in the world, estimated at over $30 billion Faculty Strength Boasts a faculty of approximately 1,000 esteemed academicians Comprises over 2,304 faculty members known for their academic and research prowess SAT Score Range (Middle 50%) 1535-1570 1540-1560 ACT Score Range (Middle 50%) 34-36 34-35 Number of Student Clubs Over 450 diverse student groups and organizations More than 700 student organizations spanning a range of interests Acceptance Rate (Recent Year) Approximately 7.26% Around 5.19% Notable Alumni Kofi Annan (UN), Raghuram Rajan (RBI), Drew Houston (Dropbox) Larry Page (Google), Reed Hastings (Netflix), Elon Musk (Tesla, SpaceX) (Dropout)
Related: Famous MIT Professors
MIT vs. Stanford University: Average Salary Package
Students graduating from MIT find themselves well-positioned in the job market. According to recent data, bachelor’s degree recipients from MIT see average starting salaries ranging between $70,000 to $80,000, with those in computer science and engineering often earning even higher. Master’s and Ph.D. graduates, especially those from finance, artificial intelligence, and biotechnology, can command salaries well above the six-figure mark. Alumni who pursue roles in high-demand tech sectors or investment banking report salaries that exceed these averages.
Stanford graduates, buoyed by the university’s deep connections with Silicon Valley, enjoy lucrative career prospects. On average, Stanford bachelor’s degree holders have starting salaries comparable to their MIT counterparts, often ranging from $70,000 to $90,000, with spikes in fields like software engineering and data science. Advanced degree holders, especially those graduating from the Stanford Graduate School of Business or its esteemed engineering programs, often find themselves at the higher end of the salary spectrum, with many securing positions that offer compensation well into the six figures. The proximity to and relationships with tech giants like Google, Apple, and Facebook significantly boost these numbers.
Related: Famous Stanford University Professors
MIT vs. Stanford University: Admission Process
The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) is renowned for its rigorous and holistic admission process. Prospective undergraduate students are required to submit scores from either the SAT or ACT. For the most recent classes admitted, the middle 50% SAT score range was roughly between 1535-1570 out of 1600, and for the ACT, it was typically between 34-36 out of 36. Although subject tests were previously a requirement, MIT has moved away from this in recent years. However, a strong foundation in mathematics and science remains pivotal, as reflected in an applicant’s transcript and standardized test scores.
Beyond academics, MIT places significant emphasis on an applicant’s character, seeking individuals who demonstrate curiosity, creativity, and a genuine commitment to making the world a better place. Letters of recommendation, especially from STEM teachers, play a crucial role in highlighting a student’s potential. MIT’s supplemental essays also allow applicants to showcase their uniqueness, passions, and alignment with the institute’s values. Given the competitive nature of admissions, applicants often possess exceptional extracurricular achievements, showcasing leadership, innovation, or deep domain expertise.
Stanford University, nestled in the heart of Silicon Valley, boasts an equally comprehensive and discerning admission process. For undergraduate admissions, Stanford also considers either the SAT or ACT scores. In recent admission cohorts, the middle 50% SAT score range for admitted students was approximately between 1540-1560 out of 1600, and for the ACT, the range was typically between 34-35 out of 36. In alignment with recent trends in higher education, the university has adopted a test-optional policy for certain admission cycles. Stanford’s evaluation extends beyond mere academic prowess. The university seeks to understand the whole person, considering factors like intellectual vitality, personal context, and extracurricular involvement.
Letters of recommendation from teachers and counselors offer insights into the applicant’s character, potential, and classroom contributions. Stanford’s supplemental essays are pivotal, allowing students to express their individuality, aspirations, and how they might contribute to the campus community. Given Stanford’s entrepreneurial ethos, the university looks favorably upon applicants who demonstrate initiative, creativity, and a penchant for impact-driven endeavors.
Related: Famous MIT Alumni Members
MIT vs. Stanford: Admission Fee and Cost of Attendance
The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) is a premier institution, and its tuition and fees reflect its stature. The undergraduate tuition was approximately $55,000 for the most recent academic year. However, when factoring in other associated costs like room and board, books, supplies, personal expenses, and health insurance, the total cost of attendance escalates to around $77,000 per year. It’s crucial to note that these are broad estimates, and individual expenses may vary based on personal choices and circumstances. MIT is deeply committed to ensuring financial constraints do not hinder deserving candidates. As a testament to this, nearly 59% of MIT undergraduates receive need-based financial aid, with the average award amounting to about $59,000. This substantial financial support underscores MIT’s dedication to fostering a diverse and talented student body, regardless of economic background.
With its sprawling campus in the heart of Silicon Valley, Stanford University offers an education that is an amalgamation of academic rigor and entrepreneurial spirit. The undergraduate tuition fee at Stanford is approximately $55,000 for the most recent academic year. When additional expenses like housing, dining, books, personal expenses, and health insurance are considered, the total cost of attendance is estimated to be around $83,500 annually. Again, these figures serve as general guidelines, with actual costs potentially differing based on individual circumstances and choices.
Famous Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Alumni
S.No. Name Degree Year Department 1 Kofi Annan M.S. in Management 1972 Sloan School of Management 2 Richard Feynman B.S. in Physics 1939 Department of Physics 3 Benjamin Netanyahu S.B. in Architecture, S.M. in Management 1975, 1976 Department of Architecture; Sloan School of Management. 4 Buzz Aldrin Sc.D. in Astronautics 1963 Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics 5 Ilene S. Gordon M.S. in Management 1976 Sloan School of Management 6 Amar Bose Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering 1956 Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 7 Sheila Widnall S.B., S.M., and Ph.D. in Aeronautics 1960, 1961, 1964 Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics 8 Salman Khan M.S. in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 2003 Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 9 Robert Langer Sc.D. in Chemical Engineering 1974 Department of Chemical Engineering 10 Ron Rivest Ph.D. in Computer Science 1974 Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 11 Andrea Wong B.S. in Electrical Engineering 1988 Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 12 Neri Oxman Ph.D. in Design Computation 2010 Department of Architecture 13 Andrew Viterbi M.S. in Electrical Engineering 1957 Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 14 Raghuram Rajan Ph.D. in Management 1991 Sloan School of Management 15 William Reddington Hewlett M.S. in Electrical Engineering 1936 Department of Electrical Engineering 16 John W. Thompson M.S. in Management 1983 Sloan School of Management 17 Tim Berners-Lee Honorary Doctorate 1996 18 Drew Houston B.S in Computer Science 2005 Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 19 Angela Belcher Ph.D. in Inorganic Chemistry 1997 Department of Chemistry 20 Daniel M. Lewin Ph.D. in Mathematics 1996 Department of Mathematics
Famous Stanford University Alumni
S.No. Name Degree Year Department 1 Elon Musk Ph.D. Program in Energy Physics/ Materials Science Dropped Out in 1995 2 Sally Ride B.S., M.S., and Ph.D. in Physics 1973,
1975, 1978
3 Reed Hastings M.S. in Computer Science 1988 School of Engineering 4 Larry Page M.S. in Computer Science 1997 School of Engineering 5 Sergey Brin M.S. in Computer Science 1995 School of Engineering 6 Marissa Mayer B.S. in Symbolic Systems and M.S. in Computer Science 1997, 1999 7 Jerry Yang B.S. and M.S. in Electrical Engineering 1990 8 Condoleezza Rice B.A., M.A., Ph.D. in Political Science 1974,
1975,
1981
9 Vinton Cerf M.S. in Computer Science 1972 School of Engineering 10 Mae Jemison B.S. in Chemical Engineering 1977 School of Engineering 11 Chelsea Clinton M.A. in International Relations 2003 Stanford School of Humanities and Sciences 12 Jennifer Aaker B.A. in Psychology 1991 13 Herbert Hoover B.A. in Geology 1895 14 Phil Knight MBA 1962 Graduate School of Business 15 Susan Wojcicki B.A. in History and Literature, M.S. in Economics,
MBA
1990, 1993,1998 16 Reid Hoffman B.S. in Symbolic Systems,
M.A. in Philosoph
1990,
1993
17 Rachel Maddow B.A. in Public Policy 1994 18 Carly Fiorina B.A. in Medieval History and Philosophy 1976 19 Dara Khosrowshahi B.A. in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 1991 20 Ellen Ochoa M.S. in Electrical Engineering 1981
Conclusion
MIT and Stanford, both luminaries in higher education, offer distinct experiences tailored to their unique academic cultures. Students with a fervent passion for technology, hands-on learning, and a penchant for blending theory with practical application might find MIT’s ethos resonating with their aspirations. On the other hand, those inclined towards entrepreneurial ventures, interdisciplinary studies, and a desire to immerse themselves in the heartbeat of Silicon Valley might feel more at home at Stanford. Ultimately, the choice hinges on individual preferences, academic and professional goals, and the campus culture in which one seeks to thrive.
|
|||||
7733
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 5
|
https://www.biography.com/political-figures/kofi-annan
|
en
|
Death, Wife & Education
|
[
"https://www.biography.com/_assets/design-tokens/fre/static/icons/search.f1c199c.svg",
"https://www.biography.com/_assets/design-tokens/fre/static/icons/close.38e3324.svg",
"https://www.biography.com/_assets/design-tokens/biography/static/images/logos/logo.5ec9b18.svg?primary=%2523ffffff",
"https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/gettyimages-890475896-copy.jpg?crop=1xw:1.0xh;center,top&resize=640:*",
"https://www.biography.com/_assets/design-tokens/fre/static/icons/social/pinterest.e8cf655.svg?primary=%2523ffffff",
"https://www.biography.com/_assets/design-tokens/fre/static/icons/play.db7c035.svg?primary=%2523ffffff",
"https://hips.hearstapps.com/vidthumb/1da42bf1-9f2f-466a-affa-2347615d7656/1da42bf1-9f2f-466a-affa-2347615d7656_image.jpg?crop=1xw:1.0xh;center,top&resize=640:* 640w, https://hips.hearstapps.com/vidthumb/1da42bf1-9f2f-466a-affa-2347615d7656/1da42bf1-9f2f-466a-affa-2347615d7656_image.jpg?crop=1xw:1.0xh;center,top&resize=980:* 980w, https://hips.hearstapps.com/vidthumb/1da42bf1-9f2f-466a-affa-2347615d7656/1da42bf1-9f2f-466a-affa-2347615d7656_image.jpg?crop=1xw:1.0xh;center,top&resize=1200:* 1120w",
"https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/gettyimages-140803615-1676314986.jpg?crop=0.480xw:0.391xh;0.250xw,0.0304xh&resize=360:*",
"https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/vice-president-and-democratic-presidential-candidate-kamala-news-photo-1722962152.jpg?crop=0.671xw:1.00xh;0.0545xw,0&resize=360:*",
"https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/gettyimages-50787441-copy.jpg?crop=1.00xw:1.00xh;0,0&resize=360:*",
"https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/gettyimages-1054782700.jpg?crop=0.792xw:0.792xh;0.0962xw,0&resize=360:*",
"https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/gettyimages-631196894.jpg?crop=1.00xw:1.00xh;0,0&resize=360:*",
"https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/sylvia-rivera-crop2.jpg?crop=1.00xw:1.00xh;0,0&resize=360:*",
"https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/american-athlete-jesse-owens-news-photo-1716237770.jpg?crop=1.00xw:0.786xh;0,0.0176xh&resize=360:*",
"https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/opal-lee-speaks-during-a-juneteenth-concert-on-the-south-news-photo-1686859437.jpg?crop=0.588xw:0.880xh;0.245xw,0.0600xh&resize=360:*",
"https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/marsha-p-johnson-1-1.jpg?crop=0.663xw:1.00xh;0.170xw,0&resize=360:*",
"https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/gettyimages-1392246164-665775e602990.jpg?crop=1.00xw:1.00xh;0,0&resize=360:*",
"https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/naomi-osaka-gettyimages-1200613116.jpg?crop=1.00xw:1.00xh;0,0&resize=360:*",
"https://hips.hearstapps.com/hmg-prod/images/johnnie-cochran-9542444-1-402.jpg?crop=1.00xw:1.00xh;0,0&resize=360:*",
"https://www.biography.com/_assets/design-tokens/biography/static/images/logos/logo.5ec9b18.svg?primary=%2523ffffff",
"https://www.biography.com/_assets/design-tokens/fre/static/icons/social/x.3361b6d.svg?primary=%2523ffffff&id=social-button-icon",
"https://www.biography.com/_assets/design-tokens/fre/static/icons/social/facebook.a5a3a69.svg?primary=%2523ffffff&id=social-button-icon",
"https://www.biography.com/_assets/design-tokens/fre/static/icons/social/instagram.f282b14.svg?primary=%2523ffffff&id=social-button-icon",
"https://www.biography.com/_assets/design-tokens/biography/static/images/logos/network-logo.04aa008.svg?primary=%2523ffffff"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
"School: University of Science and Technology",
"School: Macalester College",
"School: Institute for Advanced International Studies in Geneva",
"Nationality: Ghanaian",
"Death City: Bern",
"Birth Country: Ghana",
"Birth City: Kumasi",
"Death Month/Day: August 18",
"Birth Month/Day: April 8",
"Death Country: Switzerland",
"Last Name: Mandela",
"First Name: Nelson",
"Industry/Interest Area: World Politics",
"Death Year: 2018",
"Birth Year: 1938",
"School: Massachusetts Institute of Technology",
"Astrological Sign: Aries",
"Life Events/Experience: Nobel Prize",
"Group: Civil Rights Activists",
"Death Month: 8",
"Birth Month: 4",
"Group: Black History Month"
] | null |
[] |
2014-04-02T09:04:03+00:00
|
Kofi Annan was the former secretary-general of the United Nations and a recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize.
|
en
|
/_assets/design-tokens/biography/static/images/favicon.3635572.ico
|
Biography
|
https://www.biography.com/political-figures/kofi-annan
|
(1938-2018)
Who Was Kofi Annan?
Kofi Annan was born into an aristocratic family in Ghana and he attended a number of schools and colleges, studying international relations in the United States and Switzerland. He became an international civil servant working for the United Nations in 1962. He went on to become the U.N. secretary-general and later a special envoy to Syria. Annan died on August 18, 2018 in Switzerland at the age of 80.
Early Life and Education
Former United Nations Secretary-General Kofi Atta Annan was born within minutes of his twin sister, Efua Atta, on April 8, 1938, in Kumasi, Ghana. The grandchild and nephew of three tribal chiefs, Annan was raised in one of Ghana's aristocratic families.
In his mid-teens, Annan attended an elite Methodist boarding school called Mfantsipim, where he learned that "suffering anywhere concerns people everywhere." Upon Annan's graduation from the school in 1957, Ghana gained independence from Britain; it was the first British African colony to do so. "It was an exciting period," Annan once told The New York Times. "People of my generation, having seen the changes that took place in Ghana, grew up thinking all was possible."
Annan went on to pursue higher education, attending four different colleges: Kumasi College of Science and Technology, now the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology; Macalester College in St. Paul, Minnesota; Graduate Institute of International Studies in Geneva, Switzerland; and the MIT Sloan School of Management in Cambridge, Massachusetts. He earned a number of degrees, including a Master of Science, and studied international relations. Annan, whose native language is Akan, also became fluent in English, French, some Kru languages and other African languages.
Career with the United Nations
Annan's career with the United Nations began in 1962, when he got a job working as a budget officer for the World Health Organization, a U.N. agency. Annan has been an international civil servant ever since, with the exception of a short break from 1974 to 1976, when he worked as the director of tourism in Ghana.
For a nine-year period from 1987 to 1996, Annan was appointed to serve as an assistant secretary-general in three consecutive positions: Human Resources, Management and Security Coordinator; Program Planning, Budget and Finance, and Controller; and Peacekeeping Operations. While he served in that last capacity, the Rwandan genocide took place. Canadian ex-General Roméo Dallaire, who has been the force commander of the United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda, accused Annan of being overly passive in his responses to the 1994 genocide. Some 10 years after the genocide, in which more than 800,000 people were killed, Annan admitted that he "could and should have done more to sound the alarm and rally support," according to a March 2004 BBC article.
Annan served as under-secretary-general from March 1994 to October 1995. He resumed the position in 1996 after a five-month appointment to serve as a special representative of the secretary-general to the former Yugoslavia.
United Nations Chief
The United Nations Security Council recommended Annan to replace the previous secretary-general, Dr. Boutros Boutros-Ghali of Egypt, in later 1996. The General Assembly voted in his favor, and he began his first term as secretary-general on January 1, 1997.
Among Annan's most well-known accomplishments were his issuance of a five-point Call to Action in April 2001 to address the HIV/AIDS pandemic and his proposal to create a Global AIDS and Health Fund. He and the United Nations were jointly awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in December of 2001 "for their work for a better organized and more peaceful world."
Annan is also known for his opposition to the 2003 invasion of Iraq and to Iran's nuclear program. He told the BBC in September 2004 that the Iraq war did not conform to the U.N. charter and was illegal.
Life After the United Nations
Annan retired on December 31, 2006. Several months prior, he gave a farewell speech to world leaders at U.N. headquarters in New York, outlining major problems with an unjust world economy and widespread contempt for human rights.
"We are not only all responsible for each other's security," Annan said in his speech. "We are also, in some measure, responsible for each other's welfare. Global solidarity is both necessary and possible. It is necessary because without a measure of solidarity no society can be truly stable, and no one's prosperity truly secure."
Following his retirement, Annan returned to Ghana. He became involved with a number of organizations with a global focus. He was chosen to lead the formation of the Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa, became a member of the Global Elders and was appointed president of the Global Humanitarian Forum in Geneva. In 2009, Annan joined a Columbia University program at the university’s School of International and Public Affairs.
In February 2012, Annan was appointed as the U.N.-Arab League envoy to Syria in an attempt to end the civil war taking place there. He developed a six-point plan for peace. He resigned from the position, citing intransigence of both the Syrian government and the rebels, as well as the Security Council's failure to create a peaceful resolution.
"As an envoy, I can't want peace more than the protagonists, more than the Security Council or the international community, for that matter," Annan said in a resignation speech on August 2, 2012.
"I had expected to go into Ghanaian politics," Annan once told Saga magazine, "retire to a farm at 60 and die in my bed at 80. It did not happen so. It's one of the things God does."
Death
Annan passed away after a short illness in a hospital in Bern, Switzerland, on August 18, 2018. His wife Nane and children Ama, Kojo and Nina were by his side. "Kofi Annan was a global statesman and a deeply committed internationalist who fought throughout his life for a fairer and more peaceful world. During his distinguished career and leadership of the United Nations he was an ardent champion of peace, sustainable development, human rights and the rule of law," the Kofi Annan Foundation and Annan family said in a statement.
QUICK FACTS
Birth Year: 1938
Birth date: April 8, 1938
Birth City: Kumasi
Birth Country: Ghana
Gender: Male
Best Known For: Kofi Annan was the former secretary-general of the United Nations and a recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize.
Industries
World Politics
Astrological Sign: Aries
Schools
Institute for Advanced International Studies in Geneva
Macalester College
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
University of Science and Technology
Nacionalities
Ghanaian
Death Year: 2018
Death date: August 18, 2018
Death City: Bern
Death Country: Switzerland
Fact Check
We strive for accuracy and fairness.If you see something that doesn't look right,contact us!
CITATION INFORMATION
|
||||
7733
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 10
|
https://www.encyclopedia.com/people/social-sciences-and-law/united-nations-biographies/kofi-atta-annan
|
en
|
Encyclopedia.com
|
[
"https://www.encyclopedia.com/themes/custom/trustme/images/header-logo.jpg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
"Get information",
"facts",
"and pictures",
"about Kofi Atta Annan",
"at Encyclopedia.com",
"Make",
"research",
"projects",
"and school reports",
"about Kofi Atta Annan",
"easy",
"with credible",
"articles",
"from our FREE",
"online encyclopedia and dictionary"
] | null |
[] | null |
Kofi Atta Annan [1] 1938— Secretary General of the United Nations [2] On December 18, 1996, the clink of raised champagne glasses rang through the United Nations [3] (UN) headquarters in New York [4] City.
|
en
|
/sites/default/files/favicon.ico
|
https://www.encyclopedia.com/people/social-sciences-and-law/united-nations-biographies/kofi-atta-annan
|
Kofi Atta Annan 1938–
United Nations Secretary General
Started Public Service Early
A Career for Life
Rose Towards Secretary General Post
Sources
“Image not available for copyright reasons”
On December 18, 1996, the clink of raised champagne glasses rang through the United Nations (UN) headquarters in New York City. The celebration was to honor incoming Secretary General Kofi Annan, the first black African ever to have held the difficult job. His election was greeted with genuine pleasure by UN insiders, who admire him for his unswerving integrity, his cool judgement in the toughest emergencies, and his ability to learn valuable lessons from every situation in which he finds himself. His colleagues had plenty of time to assess Annan’s strengths. Other than a two-year period in the mid-1970s when he returned to his native Ghana to run the Tourism Control Board, Annan has devoted his entire career to the international organization.
During Annan’s 35 years of life in UN service, the number of troubled areas all over the world has soared. Governments have toppled in Africa; blood has stained highly-coveted lands in Europe; Soviet Communism has collapsed, and with it, the grim wall separating East and West Berlin. Each change has left in its wake a flood of desperate refugees who depend on the UN for basic humanitarian aid such as food, shelter and medical services.
The huge challenges of assessing these urgent needs, working out suitable strategies for humanitarian aid, and helping to keep peace between warring factions everywhere have taken Annan all over the world. By turns he has visited Iraq, Bosnia, Somalia, Rwanda, Ghana, Ethiopia, Egypt, and Switzerland. Along the way he has gained a comfortable familiarity with English, French, and several African languages. Constant traveling has also taught him a great deal about the ancient traditions by which many people live, and the ways in which they buckle when changes overwhelm them. Well-versed in several ways of life besides his own, he can truly be seen as a citizen of the world.
Started Public Service Early
Kofi Annan spent his boyhood years in Africa’s Gold Coast, which was then shedding its 70-year-old status as a British crown colony in favor of an up-to-the minute identity as an independent West African country named Ghana. The country’s mood about the future was optimistic
At a Glance…
Born April 8, 1938; married (1), divorced; married (2) Nane Cronstedt, 1984; children, one son, one daughter, one stepdaughter. Education: Macalester College, St. Paul, Minn, B.Econ. 1959-61; Institut des Institut des Hautes Etudes Internationale, Switzerland, 1961-62; Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 71-72, Sloan Fellow, MSc Mgmt.
World Health Organization, administrative and budget officer, 1962; Ghana Tourism Control Board, managing director, 1974-76; United Nations Office of Personnel Services, New York, NY, deputy chief of staff services, 1976-80; United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (UNHCR), deputy director of administration and head of personnel, Geneva, Switzerland, 1980-83; United Nations Office of Finance, dir. of budget, 1984-87; United Nations Office of Human Resources Mgmt secretary general, 1987-90; United Nations assistant secretary general for program planning, 1990-92; United Nations budget and finance controller, 1992-1993; United Nations undersecretary for peacekeeping, 1993-1996; United Nations secretary-general, 1996-.
and young Annan was right in step. A self-confident leader even as a teenager, he undertook his first successful human rights mission while at boarding school, participating in a hunger strike to protest the poor quality of the food there.
That first experience as an activist was so satisfying that Annan continued to take an interest in public service after he entered Ghana’s University of Science and Technology, where he studied economics. In 1957, while serving as vice president of the Ghana Students’ Union, he happened to visit Sierre Leone for a meeting of student leaders. There he caught the attention of a talent scout from the Ford Foundation’s Foreign Students Leadership Project. A scholarship swiftly followed, and Annan was soon on his way to the United States to finish his economics degree at Macalester College in St. Paul, Minnesota.
A Career for Life
Annan graduated in 1961, but did not return to his homeland. Instead he became a staff member at the United Nations, embarking upon a series of jobs that gave him valuable experience in the two vitally important areas of finance and human resources management. The first rung of the UN ladder took him to Geneva, Switzerland, where he became a budget administration officer for the World Health Organization. Next, after acquiring a master’s degree in management at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology during 1971-72, he spent four years in the UN’s Office of Personnel Services in New York. In 1980, he went back to Switzerland, where he spent the following three years as head of personnel for the United Nations’ High Commissioner for Human Rights (UNHCR).
The UNHCR is often the only place in which refugees in war-ravaged countries can turn for help with such basic necessities as food and medical care. During 1980 to 1983, the years Annan spent there, its staff members left the Geneva headquarters for Bangladesh, Cambodia, Indonesia, and Hong Kong; they were also sent to Italy, Greece, and Iraq. All in all, UNHCR personnel were able to ease the suffering of more than three million terrified refugees.
While the daily catalog of international anguish was enough to spur Annan to work as hard as possible, even more incentive came from his friendship with Nane Cronstedt, a lawyer who became his second wife in 1984. The inspiration came from Cronstedt’s family background. She was a niece of the revered Raoul Wallenberg, a Swedish diplomat who had snatched 5,000 Jews from Adolph Hitler’s death camps during World War II. Though a 35-year span separated Wallenberg’s mysterious 1945 disappearance in Russia and his niece’s friendship with Annan, his wartime bravery was still a matter of breathless awe for Annan.
Annan felt a special message for humanity was present in Wallenberg’s selfless heroism. It began, he felt, with the diplomat’s pivotal role as a bystander who had been free to choose whether he would turn a blind eye to the Nazis or fight them. Unmoved by his personal danger, Wallenberg had chosen to sacrifice himself rather than turn his back on the agony of Hitler’s trapped and helpless human targets. Annan believed the whole wartime saga provided an important example of immortal integrity. “His kind of intervention gives hope to the victims, encourages them to fight and resist, helps them to hang on and bear witness, and hopefully arouses our collective conscience,” Annan remarked in 1997, while opening a monument to Wallenberg in London.
Rose Towards Secretary General Post
In January of 1993, after a year as assistant secretary general for Peacekeeping Operations, Annan was promoted to the top post. Now, as under secretary, he held authority over 80,000 troops, dispatching them anywhere they were needed in order to spare lives and restore calm between warring factions. At that time, the UN had 13 peacekeeping missions in progress. Longest-standing was the Middle East operation, which had been monitoring the sporadic Arab-Israeli ceasefires since 1948. Thereafter, in chronological order, came UN observation on the tense India-Pakistan border, dating back to January of 1949; the same kind of operation in Cyprus, Greece (initiated in March of 1964); the Golan Heights (1974) and Lebanon (1978). In the scant two years since the beginning of the 1990s, the UN had also become a formidable presence on the Iraq-Kuwait border, as well as in Angola, El Salvador, Cambodia, and Mozambique. Other urgent missions were appearing on the horizons of Eastern Europe’s former Yugoslavia and Somalia, the land that sits directly on the horn of the African continent.
Annan was well-acquainted with the problems of Somalia—a rudderless state that had existed since without a government since the toppling of President Siad Barre in 1991. Somalia had begun to writhe in the grip of power struggles by so many opposition parties that the entire infrastructure of the country had been completely destroyed. In a country with a literacy rate of only 20 percent, the lack of expertise in engineering made replacement impossible, so the loss of the public buildings, bridges, and roads was an inestimable loss. But a far greater tragedy was the smell of death that hung in the air. In just the six months between September of 1991 and March of 1992, the Mogadishu area alone had suffered the injury of 27,000 people and an estimated 14,000 more had been killed.
As if the civil war was not enough for Somalis to bear, their problems were further complicated by a persistent drought. News reports everywhere showed long lines of emaciated people streaming desperately out of the country in search of food. By September of 1992, an estimated 500,000 refugees had poured into neighboring Ethiopia, with an additional 300,000 flooding into Kenya; 65,000 heading for Yemen; and about 115,000 scattered elsewhere.
During the month of August, the UN spearheaded a famine relief operation for the 1.5 million people who were teetering dangerously on the edge of starving to death. By early November, the UNHCR was ready to launch a large-scale rescue operation called UNO-SOM, which consisted of setting up camps just outside the country to feed about 65,000 Somalian refugees. Yet even though the UN was quickly flying in the most capacious emergency food stores that could be supplied, the suffering Somalis could not rest easily.
In Mogadishu and other major cities, the unarmed victims were often chased away by looting bandits, who had dusted off the weapons the country had received in the early 1980s to give it greater power in a territorial struggle against Ethiopia. Now, as the coveted grain and flour steadily disappeared into the bandits’ hands, the UN saw only one solution—to augment the 500 Pakistani soldiers previously authorized by Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali. Before long another 3,500 troops were on their way to Africa.
Because the United States was seen by Somalis as the only country capable of staving off the inevitable national tragedy, on November 21, 1992, U.S. president George Bush also sent military units to Somalia. Arriving under the banner of “Operation Restore Hope,” the first troops landed on December 9, to be joined for a New Year’s Day visit by President Bush himself. By mid-January the number of foreign troops in the country was soaring towards the 18,000 troops from 21 nations, and phase two of the operation called United Nations Operations Somalia, or UNOSOMII, was under way, with the hope that the leaderless country would be turned over to United Nations control by May 4, 1993.
But under the influence of a faction leader named Mohammed Farah Aideed, the gratitude of the Somalis began to turn to resentment and a fear that the foreign troops were heralding a return to the British and Italian colonial influence that the country had experienced in the early years of the century. Seizing the opportunity to consolidate his power, in June of 1993, Aideed attacked and killed 25 UN soldiers. At this point, the United States decided to curtail its interest in Somalia.
United Nations troops being bound by the United Nations Charter, they had traditionally gone on peacekeeping missions. By these terms, UN troops were usually kept in place by agreement of both conflicting parties and were armed only to an extent that would permit them to defend themselves or their equipment. The situation in Somalia, however, was different. Somalia boasted neither government nor rulers to consult, and no well defined conflicting parties existed that could be mediated. Therefore, the UN troops had no outside authority to mediate their actions.
For the first time in history, the UN Security Council sent their auxiliary troops into a conflict situation buttressed by a UN Charter mandate. This meant they were allowed to act as peacemarkers rather than as mere peacekeepers. By UN decree, they were authorized to force Somalia to accept peace, even if they had to fight to achieve it. The alteration in UN Charter mandate made this present peacekeeping force the most aggressive in the history of the United Nations. Furthermore, since 26 of the organization’s 41 missions had been mounted since 1989, controlling the forces and their movements was becoming an ever-mounting challenge that the Peacekeeping Department was not equipped to handle. Annan set out to remedy this situation by instituting a streamlining effort.
First came a situation center to monitor the department’s international operations around the clock. In 1993, when it was established, this office consisted of eight military officers and two telephones placed in a Manhattan office. By the end of 1995, however, with 17 peacekeeping missions in progress, it was staffed by 120 officers, serving as ultimate backup to 70,000 peacekeeping soldiers worldwide.
In a second innovation, Annan sought support from member nations who were prepared to contribute troops and equipment for standby duty, in case peacekeeping efforts should be needed for a sudden emergency. The high regard in which he is held was soon obvious, when, by the end of November, 1996, 62 of the 185 members had agreed to provide some 80,000 standby troops between them. Annan also created a “lessons learned” unit within the Department of Peacekeeping Operations to make sure that all phases of each operation are discussed, evaluated and broadened further by interaction with other UN departments. Annan hoped the new departmental wing would improve future operations and minimize avoidable mistakes.
Supervising all these innovations made a tight work schedule for Annan. Nevertheless, his workload became greater still in November of 1995, when Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali appointed him special representative to the former Yugoslavia, a European territory soon to become familiar as Bosnia-Herzegovina. This mission posed a grave responsibility for Annan, who had been asked to coordinate a smooth transition of international peacekeepers from United Nations forces to NATO military units.
Like Somalia, Bosnia-Herzegovina was an international symbol of raw tragedy. Its two principal population groups, the Serbs and the Croats, had been at war over possession of this area ever since the breakup of the Socialist Federated Republic of Yugoslavia in 1991. In the course of a conflict that would eventually cost between 250,000 and 300,000 lives, they had brought such concepts as “ethnic cleansing,” back into the limelight from the shadows of World War II, updating them for the 1990s by “rationalizing” the expulsion and wholesale murder of the Bosnian Muslims. The slow torment of Bosnia-Herzegovina led first to an arms embargo from the United Nations Security Council in September of 1991, then, in May of 1992, to the arrival of peacekeeping and humanitarian forces, who brought sanitation, water, and electricity to the city of Sarajevo’s residents.
While this desperately-needed aid was offered without reservation, it came at a high cost to the UN itself. When accompanied by the humanitarian aid that is part of the United Nations service, peacekeeping is an exercise so expensive that by 1994 the annual budget had reached a whopping $3.3 billion. And, generous as it seemed, escalating crises all over the world were stretching this money so thin that the organization was sinking dangerously into debt.
A sinking monetary bottom line was one reason that the UN decided to pass the Bosnian peacekeeping burden on to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). But this was only part of the story. Equally important was the fact that NATO forces are solely dedicated to defense by military means. This single focus was sorely needed in Bosnia-Herzegovina, where the fragile “peace” could be more accurately described as a sullen ceasefire. In November of 1995, UN Secretary-General Boutros-Ghali asked Annan to go to Bosnia to handle the details of withdrawing UN forces and settling NATO forces in their place. It was a difficult task to accomplish. Nevertheless, with his characteristic energy and efficiency, Annan managed to achieve it within four months and returned to his post at the UN by March of 1996.
Meanwhile, Secretary General Boutros-Ghali was nearing the end of his five-year term of office, and his re-election, though acceptable to many of the UN’s 185 members, was far from a done deal with the United States. Though swimming against the tide of public opinion, U.S. ambassador Madeleine Albright quickly made her country’s objections known to the UN Security Council, one of the most influential groups of policy-makers in the world.
The Council itself consists of five permanent members, plus ten who are voted onto the body periodically. Each of the permanent five-China, United Kingdom, France, Russia, and the United States-has the power of veto over all other votes, a power Albright was now exercising. Furthermore, she emphasized her feelings by encouraging the United States to withhold $1.4 billion in fees owed to the United Nations. The charges of the United States against Boutros-Ghali were two-fold: that he tended to follow his own path rather than the policies laid down by the UN’s members, and that he had ignored warnings that the UN and its soaring debt were to be streamlined immediately.
Finding an alternative candidate to fill the difficult post of secretary general became a necessity. As a UN insider with more than 30 years of service under his belt, Annan was a natural choice, easily hurdling France’s objection, based incorrectly on the assumption that he was not French-speaking. On December 18, 1996, Annan was welcomed into office to serve, as he modestly put it, “185 masters” and to institute an immediate cost-cutting program at the UN. On his own initiative, Annan also established a public relations program to bring more rapport between the huge organization itself and the international public. As he remarked at his pre-celebration press conference, Annan well understood that he was undertaking a huge challenge. But nobody present doubted his ability to handle whatever the future might bring.
Sources
Periodicals
Chicago Tribune, June 27, 1993, p. 10, November 29, 1994; December 18, 1996, p. 30; December 20, 1996, p. 31.
London Times, December 19, 1996, p. 17.
New York Times, October 6, 1993, p. A17; December 14, 1996, p.5.
Newsweek, December 23, 1996, p. 30.
Time, December 3, 1996, p. 51.
West Africa, February 3, 1997, p. 181; February 3, 1997, p. 178; December 23, 1996, p.5.
Other
Additional information for this profile was obtained from United Nations Department of Public Information, “The UN in Brief,” July 3, 1997; Press Conference by Secretary-General Elect Kofi Annan,” December 18, 1996, Transcript, GA/9212; “Secretary-General warmly congratulates Kofi Annan on Receiving Security Council Recommendation,” December 13, 1996, SG/SM/6131; “Secretary-General Says Monument to Raoul Wallenberg is inspiration to Act,” SG/SM/6169.
—Gillian Wolf
Kofi Atta Annan
1938—
Secretary General of the United Nations
On December 18, 1996, the clink of raised champagne glasses rang through the United Nations (UN) headquarters in New York City. The celebration was to honor incoming Secretary General Kofi Annan, the first black African ever to have held the difficult job. His election was greeted with genuine pleasure by UN insiders, who admire him for his unswerving integrity, his cool judgment in the toughest emergencies, and his ability to learn valuable lessons from every situation in which he finds himself. His colleagues had plenty of time to assess Annan's strengths. Other than a two-year period in the mid-1970s when he returned to his native Ghana to run the Tourism Control Board, Annan has devoted his entire career to the international organization.
During Annan's nearly half-century of life in UN service, the number of troubled areas all over the world has soared. Governments have toppled in Africa; blood has stained highly-coveted lands in Europe; Soviet Communism has collapsed, and with it, the grim wall separating East and West Berlin, and the Middle East has exploded in violence. Each change has left in its wake a flood of desperate refugees who depend on the UN for basic humanitarian aid such as food, shelter and medical services.
The huge challenges of assessing these urgent needs, working out suitable strategies for humanitarian aid, and helping to keep peace between warring factions everywhere have taken Annan all over the world. By turns he has visited Iraq, Bosnia, Somalia, Rwanda, Ghana, Ethiopia, Egypt, and Switzerland. Along the way he has gained a comfortable familiarity with English, French, and several African languages. Constant traveling has also taught him a great deal about the ancient traditions by which many people live, and the ways in which they buckle when changes overwhelm them. Well-versed in several ways of life besides his own, he can truly be considered a citizen of the world.
Early Activism
Kofi Annan spent his boyhood years in Africa's Gold Coast, which was then shedding its 70-year-old status as a British crown colony in favor of an up-to-the minute identity as an independent West African country named Ghana. The country's mood about the future was optimistic, and young Annan was right in step. A self-confident leader even as a teenager, he undertook his first successful human rights mission while at boarding school, participating in a hunger strike to protest the poor quality of the food there.
That first experience as an activist was so satisfying that Annan continued to take an interest in public service after he entered Ghana's University of Science and Technology, where he studied economics. In 1957, while serving as vice president of the Ghana Students' Union, he happened to visit Sierre Leone for a meeting of student leaders. There he caught the attention of a talent scout from the Ford Foundation's Foreign Students Leadership Project. A scholarship swiftly followed, and Annan was soon on his way to the United States to finish his economics degree at Macalester College in St. Paul, Minnesota.
Annan graduated in 1961, but did not return to his homeland. Instead he became a staff member at the United Nations, embarking upon a series of jobs that gave him valuable experience in the two vitally important areas of finance and human resources management. The first rung of the UN ladder took him to Geneva, Switzerland, where he became a budget administration officer for the World Health Organization. Next, after acquiring a master's degree in management at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology during 1971-72, he spent four years in the UN's Office of Personnel Services in New York. In 1980, he went back to Switzerland, where he spent the following three years as head of personnel for the United Nations' High Commissioner for Human Rights (UNHCR).
Led the UNHCR
The UNHCR is often the only place in which refugees in war-ravaged countries can turn for help with such basic necessities as food and medical care. During 1980 to 1983, the years Annan spent there, its staff members left the Geneva headquarters for Bangladesh, Cambodia, Indonesia, and Hong Kong; they were also sent to Italy, Greece, and Iraq. All in all, UNHCR personnel were able to ease the suffering of more than three million terrified refugees.
While the daily catalog of international anguish was enough to spur Annan to work as hard as possible, even more incentive came from his friendship with Nane Cronstedt, a lawyer who became his second wife in 1984. The inspiration came from Cronstedt's family background. She was a niece of the revered Raoul Wallenberg, a Swedish diplomat who had snatched 5,000 Jews from Adolph Hitler's death camps during World War II. Though a 35-year span separated Wallenberg's mysterious 1945 disappearance in Russia and his niece's friendship with Annan, his wartime bravery was still a matter of breathless awe for Annan.
Annan felt a special message for humanity was present in Wallenberg's selfless heroism. It began, he felt, with the diplomat's pivotal role as a bystander who had been free to choose whether he would turn a blind eye to the Nazis or fight them. Unmoved by his personal danger, Wallenberg had chosen to sacrifice himself rather than turn his back on the agony of Hitler's trapped and helpless human targets. Annan believed the whole wartime saga provided an important example of immortal integrity. "His kind of intervention gives hope to the victims, encourages them to fight and resist, helps them to hang on and bear witness, and hopefully arouses our collective conscience," Annan remarked in 1997, while opening a monument to Wallenberg in London.
At a Glance …
Born April 8, 1938; married (1), divorced; married (2) Nane Cronstedt, 1984; children: one son, one daughter, one stepdaughter. Education : Macalester College, St. Paul, Minn, BEcon, 1961; Institut des Institut des Hautes Etudes Internationale, Switzerland, 1961-62; Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan Fellow, MSc Mgmt, 1972.
Career : World Health Organization, administrative and budget officer, 1962; Ghana Tourism Control Board, managing director, 1974-76; United Nations Office of Personnel Services, New York, NY, deputy chief of staff services, 1976-80; United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (UNHCR), deputy director of administration and head of personnel, Geneva, Switzerland, 1980-83; United Nations Office of Finance, director of budget, 1984-87; United Nations Office of Human Resources Management, assistant secretary general, 1987-90; United Nations assistant secretary general for program planning, 1990-92; United Nations budget and finance controller, 1992-1993; United Nations undersecretary for peacekeeping, 1993-1996; United Nations secretary-general, 1996–.
Awards: Nobel Peace Prize, jointly awarded with United Nations, 2001.
Addresses: Office— United Nations Headquarters, United Nations Plaza, New York, NY 10017.
Rose through the Ranks at the UN
In January of 1993, after a year as assistant secretary general for Peacekeeping Operations, Annan was promoted to the top post. Now, as under secretary, he held authority over 80,000 troops, dispatching them anywhere they were needed in order to spare lives and restore calm between warring factions. At that time, the UN had 13 peacekeeping missions in progress. Longest-standing was the Middle East operation, which had been monitoring the sporadic Arab-Israeli cease-fires since 1948. Thereafter, in chronological order, came UN observation on the tense India-Pakistan border, dating back to January of 1949; the same kind of operation in Cyprus, Greece (initiated in March of 1964); the Golan Heights (1974) and Lebanon (1978). In the scant two years since the beginning of the 1990s, the UN had also become a formidable presence on the Iraq-Kuwait border, as well as in Angola, El Salvador, Cambodia, and Mozambique. Other urgent missions were appearing on the horizons of Eastern Europe's former Yugoslavia and Somalia, the land that sits directly on the horn of the African continent.
Annan was well-acquainted with the problems of Somalia—a rudderless state that had existed since without a government since the toppling of President Siad Barre in 1991. Somalia had begun to writhe in the grip of power struggles by so many opposition parties that the entire infrastructure of the country had been completely destroyed. In a country with a literacy rate of only 20 percent, the lack of expertise in engineering made replacement impossible, so the loss of the public buildings, bridges, and roads was an inestimable loss. But a far greater tragedy was the smell of death that hung in the air. In just the six months between September of 1991 and March of 1992, the Mogadishu area alone had suffered the injury of 27,000 people and an estimated 14,000 more had been killed.
As if the civil war was not enough for Somalis to bear, their problems were further complicated by a persistent drought. News reports everywhere showed long lines of emaciated people streaming desperately out of the country in search of food. By September of 1992, an estimated 500,000 refugees had poured into neighboring Ethiopia, with an additional 300,000 flooding into Kenya; 65,000 heading for Yemen; and about 115,000 scattered elsewhere.
Dealt with Famine
During the month of August, the UN spearheaded a famine relief operation for the 1.5 million people who were teetering dangerously on the edge of starving to death. By early November, the UNHCR was ready to launch a large-scale rescue operation called UNOSOM, which consisted of setting up camps just outside the country to feed about 65,000 Somalian refugees. Yet even though the UN was quickly flying in the most capacious emergency food stores that could be supplied, the suffering Somalis could not rest easily.
In Mogadishu and other major cities, the unarmed victims were often chased away by looting bandits, who had dusted off the weapons the country had received in the early 1980s to give it greater power in a territorial struggle against Ethiopia. Now, as the coveted grain and flour steadily disappeared into the bandits' hands, the UN saw only one solution—to augment the 500 Pakistani soldiers previously authorized by Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali. Before long another 3,500 troops were on their way to Africa.
Because the United States was seen by Somalis as the only country capable of staving off the inevitable national tragedy, on November 21, 1992, U.S. president George Bush also sent military units to Somalia. Arriving under the banner of "Operation Restore Hope," the first troops landed on December 9, to be joined for a New Year's Day visit by President Bush himself. By mid-January the number of foreign troops in the country was soaring towards the 18,000 troops from 21 nations, and phase two of the operation called United Nations Operations Somalia, or UNOSOM II, was under way, with the hope that the leaderless country would be turned over to United Nations control by May 4, 1993.
But under the influence of a faction leader named Mohammed Farah Aideed, the gratitude of the Somalis began to turn to resentment and a fear that the foreign troops were heralding a return to the British and Italian colonial influence that the country had experienced in the early years of the century. Seizing the opportunity to consolidate his power, in June of 1993, Aideed attacked and killed 25 UN soldiers. At this point, the United States decided to curtail its interest in Somalia.
UN Acted as Peacemaker
United Nations troops being bound by the United Nations Charter, they had traditionally gone on peacekeeping missions. By these terms, UN troops were usually kept in place by agreement of both conflicting parties and were armed only to an extent that would permit them to defend themselves or their equipment. The situation in Somalia, however, was different. Somalia boasted neither government nor rulers to consult, and no well-defined conflicting parties existed that could be mediated. Therefore, the UN troops had no outside authority to mediate their actions.
For the first time in history, the UN Security Council sent their auxiliary troops into a conflict situation buttressed by a UN Charter mandate. This meant they were allowed to act as peacemakers rather than as mere peacekeepers. By UN decree, they were authorized to force Somalia to accept peace, even if they had to fight to achieve it. The alteration in UN Charter mandate made this present peacekeeping force the most aggressive in the history of the United Nations. Furthermore, since 26 of the organization's 41 missions had been mounted since 1989, controlling the forces and their movements was becoming an ever-mounting challenge that the Peacekeeping Department was not equipped to handle. Annan set out to remedy this situation by instituting a streamlining effort.
First came a situation center to monitor the department's international operations around the clock. In 1993, when it was established, this office consisted of eight military officers and two telephones placed in a Manhattan office. By the end of 1995, however, with 17 peacekeeping missions in progress, it was staffed by 120 officers, serving as ultimate backup to 70,000 peacekeeping soldiers worldwide.
In a second innovation, Annan sought support from member nations who were prepared to contribute troops and equipment for standby duty, in case peacekeeping efforts should be needed for a sudden emergency. The high regard in which he is held was soon obvious, when, by the end of November, 1996, 62 of the 185 members had agreed to provide some 80,000 standby troops between them. Annan also created a "lessons learned" unit within the Department of Peacekeeping Operations to make sure that all phases of each operation are discussed, evaluated and broadened further by interaction with other UN departments. Annan hoped the new departmental wing would improve future operations and minimize avoidable mistakes.
Worked in Bosnia-Herzegovina
Supervising all these innovations made a tight work schedule for Annan. Nevertheless, his workload became greater still in November of 1995, when Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali appointed him special representative to the former Yugoslavia, a European territory soon to become familiar as Bosnia-Herzegovina. This mission posed a grave responsibility for Annan, who had been asked to coordinate a smooth transition of international peacekeepers from United Nations forces to NATO military units.
Like Somalia, Bosnia-Herzegovina was an international symbol of raw tragedy. Its two principal population groups, the Serbs and the Croats, had been at war over possession of this area ever since the breakup of the Socialist Federated Republic of Yugoslavia in 1991. In the course of a conflict that would eventually cost between 250,000 and 300,000 lives, they had brought such concepts as "ethnic cleansing," back into the limelight from the shadows of World War II, updating them for the 1990s by "rationalizing" the expulsion and wholesale murder of the Bosnian Muslims. The slow torment of Bosnia-Herzegovina led first to an arms embargo from the United Nations Security Council in September of 1991, then, in May of 1992, to the arrival of peacekeeping and humanitarian forces, who brought sanitation, water, and electricity to the city of Sarajevo's residents.
While this desperately-needed aid was offered without reservation, it came at a high cost to the UN itself. When accompanied by the humanitarian aid that is part of the United Nations service, peacekeeping is an exercise so expensive that by 1994 the annual budget had reached a whopping $3.3 billion. And, generous as it seemed, escalating crises all over the world were stretching this money so thin that the organization was sinking dangerously into debt.
A sinking monetary bottom line was one reason that the UN decided to pass the Bosnian peacekeeping burden on to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). But this was only part of the story. Equally important was the fact that NATO forces are solely dedicated to defense by military means. This single focus was sorely needed in Bosnia-Herzegovina, where the fragile "peace" could be more accurately described as a sullen cease-fire. In November of 1995, UN Secretary-General Boutros-Ghali asked Annan to go to Bosnia to handle the details of withdrawing UN forces and settling NATO forces in their place. It was a difficult task to accomplish. Nevertheless, with his characteristic energy and efficiency, Annan managed to achieve it within four months and returned to his post at the UN by March of 1996.
Chosen to Lead the UN
Meanwhile, Secretary General Boutros-Ghali was nearing the end of his five-year term of office, and his re-election, though acceptable to many of the UN's 185 members, was far from a done deal with the United States. Though swimming against the tide of public opinion, U.S. ambassador Madeleine Albright quickly made her country's objections known to the UN Security Council, one of the most influential groups of policy-makers in the world.
The Council itself consists of five permanent members, plus ten who are voted onto the body periodically. Each of the permanent five—China, United Kingdom, France, Russia, and the United States—has the power of veto over all other votes, a power Albright was now exercising. Furthermore, she emphasized her feelings by encouraging the United States to withhold $1.4 billion in fees owed to the United Nations. The charges of the United States against Boutros-Ghali were twofold: that he tended to follow his own path rather than the policies laid down by the UN's members, and that he had ignored warnings that the UN and its soaring debt were to be streamlined immediately.
Finding an alternative candidate to fill the difficult post of secretary general became a necessity. As a UN insider with more than 30 years of service under his belt, Annan was a natural choice, easily hurdling France's objection, based incorrectly on the assumption that he was not French-speaking. On December 18, 1996, Annan was welcomed into office to serve, as he modestly put it, "185 masters" and to institute an immediate cost-cutting program at the UN. On his own initiative, Annan also established a public relations program to bring more rapport between the huge organization itself and the international public. As he remarked at his pre-celebration press conference, Annan well understood that he was undertaking a huge challenge. But nobody present doubted his ability to handle whatever the future might bring.
From his first days as Secretary General, Annan has pursued an ambitious plan to renew the UN, maintained an international commitment to Africa, sought to gain Iraqi compliance with security standards, promoted Nigerian civil rule, sought to improve the status of women in the Secretariat, and involved non-state organizations in partnership with the UN. Annan has particularly excelled at involving many different people in debates about world peace and how the UN might best fulfill its mandate. In 1999 Annan published some interesting perspectives on world peace when he served as a guest editor to Civilization magazine; he prepared an issue entitled "How to Save the World," with essays from contributors ranging from heads of nations to preeminent scholars. At the turn of the century, Annan published a report called "We the Peoples: The Role of the United Nations in the 21st Century," in which he detailed a plan for UN member states to end poverty and inequality, improve education, reduce the incidence of HIV/AIDS, protect the environment and humanity from violence. The report led to the Millennium Declaration, a plan that has guided the United Nations into the new millennium. For his efforts, Annan was honored with the United Nations in 2001 with a Nobel Peace Prize. Since that time, Annan has continued to push for improvements to the UN's ability to function as a peacemaking body in the world.
Sources
Periodicals
Buffalo News (Buffalo, New York), November 22, 1998.
Chicago Tribune, June 27, 1993, p.10, November 29, 1994; December 18, 1996, p. 30; December 20, 1996, p. 31.
Civilization, June/July 1999.
Commentary, May 2004, p. 15.
Ebony, October 1998, p. 136.
London Times, December 19, 1996, p. 17.
New Republic, May 3, 2004, p. 38.
New York Times, October 6, 1993, p. A17; December 14, 1996, p. 5.
Newsweek, December 23, 1996, p. 30; April 26, 2004, p. 6.
Time, December 3, 1996, p. 51; November 30, 1998, p. 136.
West Africa, December 23, 1996, p. 5; February 3, 1997, p. 181; February 3, 1997, p. 178.
On-line
United Nations Secretary-General, www.un.org/News/ossg/sg/ (November 19, 2004).
Other
Additional information for this profile was obtained from the United Nations Department of Public Information, "The UN in Brief," July 3, 1997; "Press Conference by Secretary-General Elect Kofi Annan," December 18, 1996, Transcript, GA/9212; "Secretary-General warmly congratulates Kofi Annan on Receiving Security Council Recommendation," December 13, 1996, SG/SM/6131; "Secretary-General Says Monument to Raoul Wallenberg Is Inspiration to Act," SG/SM/6169.
—Gillian Wolf and
Sara Pendergast
Kofi Annan
Born: April 8, 1938
Kumasi, Ghana
Ghanian-born international diplomat
International diplomat Kofi Annan of Ghana is the seventh secretary-general of the United Nations (UN), the multinational organization created to, among other things, maintain world peace. He is the first black African to head that organization and was awarded the Nobel Prize. Noted for his cautious style of diplomacy, Annan is sometimes criticized for his soft-spokenness, which some say may be mistaken for weakness.
A worldly scholar
Kofi Atta Annan was born in Kumasi, in central Ghana, Africa, on April 8, 1938. Since 1960 Ghana has been a republic within the British Commonwealth, a group of nations dependent on Great Britain. Named for an African empire along the Niger River, Ghana was ruled by Great Britain for 113 years as the Gold Coast. Annan is descended from tribal chiefs on both sides of his family. His father was an educated man, and Annan became accustomed to both traditional and modern ways of life. He has described himself as being "atribal in a tribal world."
After receiving his early education at a leading boarding school in Ghana, Annan attended the College of Science and Technology in the capital of Kumasi. At the age of twenty, he won a Ford Foundation scholarship for undergraduate studies at Macalester College in St. Paul, Minnesota, where he studied economics. Even then he was showing signs of becoming a diplomat, or someone skilled in international relations. Annan received his bachelor's degree in economics in 1961. Shortly after completing his studies at Macalester College, Annan headed for Geneva, Switzerland, where he attended graduate classes in economics at the Institut Universitaire des Hautes Etudes Internationales.
Early career
Following his graduate studies in Geneva, Annan joined the staff of the World Health Organization (WHO), a branch of the United Nations. He served as an administrative officer and as budget officer in Geneva. Later UN posts took him to Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, and New York City, New York. Annan always assumed that he would return to his native land after college, although he was disturbed by the unrest and numerous changes of government that occurred there during the 1970s.
Annan became the Alfred P. Sloan fellow at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. At the end of his fellowship in 1972, he was awarded a master of science degree in management. Rather than return to Ghana upon graduation, he accepted a position at the UN headquarters in New York City.
Work with the UN
In 1974 he moved to Cairo, Egypt, as chief civilian personnel officer in the UN Emergency Force. Annan briefly changed careers in 1974 when he left the United Nations to serve as managing director of the Ghana Tourist Development Company.
Annan returned to international diplomacy and the United Nations in 1976. For the next seven years, he was associated with the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees in Geneva. He returned to the UN headquarters in New York City in 1983 as director of the budget in the financial services office. Later in the 1980s, he filled the post of assistant secretary-general in the Office of Human Resources Management and served as security coordinator for the United Nations. In 1990, he became assistant secretary-general for another department at the United Nations, the Office of Program Planning, Budget, and Finance. In fulfilling his duties to the United Nations, Annan has spent most of his adult life in the United States, specifically at the UN headquarters in New York City.
Annan had by this time filled a number of roles at the United Nations, ranging from peacekeeping to managerial, and the 1990s were no different. In 1990 he negotiated the release of hostages in Iraq following the invasion of Kuwait. Five years later, he oversaw the transition of the United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR) to the multinational Implementation Force (IFOR), a UN peacekeeping organization. In this transfer of responsibility, operations in the former Yugoslavia were turned over to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).
In recognition of his abilities, Annan was appointed secretary-general, the top post of the UN, by the UN General Assembly in December 1996. He began serving his four-year term of office on January 1, 1997. Joining him was his second wife, former lawyer Nane Lagergren of Sweden. She is the niece of the diplomat Raoul Wallenberg (1912–c.1947), who saved thousands of European Jews from the German Nazis during World War II (1939–45), when American-led forces fought against Germany, Italy, and Japan. Annan and Lagergren were married in 1985. The couple has one child.
Heading the United Nations
The post of secretary-general of the United Nations has been called one of the world's "oddest jobs." According to the United Nations web site, "Equal parts diplomat and activist … the Secretary-General stands before the world community as the very emblem of the United Nations." The secretary-general is the boss of ten thousand international civil servants and the chief administrator of a huge international parliamentary system (a governing body with representation from many nations).
In this post, Annan is expected to coordinate, although he does not control, the activities of such groups as the WHO and the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). He is also expected to practice "preventive diplomacy," meaning he and his staff must try to prevent, contain, or stop international disputes. Above all, Annan must try to maintain world peace.
In an address to the National Press Club, Annan declared, "If war is the failure of diplomacy, then … diplomacy … is our first line of defense. The world today spends billions preparing for war; shouldn't we spend a billion or two preparing for peace?"
Questioning his role
Almost immediately after Annan's election to secretary-general came the question: Is this man just too nice a person for the job? His reputation for "soft-spokenness," according to U.S. News & World Report, could be mistaken for weakness. Another factor that made people question Annan's toughness was his involvement in the UN efforts at peacekeeping in Bosnia from 1992 to 1996. Despite the United Nations's presence, Bosnia remained the site of an ethnic war (a war between religious or cultural groups), in which thousands died. Sir Marrack Goulding, head of peacekeeping, once commented that Annan never expressed his doubts about the UN policy in a forceful manner. Annan disagreed, saying that he always pressed the involved countries—the United States, Britain, France, and Russia—to rethink their policy on sending soldiers to the peacekeeping force. Not one to raise his voice in anger, Annan favored diplomacy. In a press conference in Baghdad, Iraq, in 1998, Annan noted, "You can do a lot with diplomacy, but of course you can do a lot more with diplomacy backed up by fairness and force."
All eyes turned to Annan and his handling of the touchy situation with Iraq in 1998. Early in that year, threats of war seemed all too real. Saddam Hussein (1937–), president of Iraq, became once again a threatening presence by refusing to let UN observers into certain areas of his country, as had been previously agreed upon, to check for illegal possession of chemical-warfare items and the like. Then-president Bill Clinton (1946–) hinted strongly at the use of force to make Hussein agree to let in the UN officials. In his role as secretary-general, Annan went to Iraq in February of 1998 to meet with the Iraqi leader. After talking with Annan, Hussein agreed to what he had refused before—unlimited UN access to the eight sites that he had previously called completely off-limits. Because of Annan's intervention, war was avoided.
Annan in a new world
Annan's code of soft-spoken diplomacy was given a boost by the outcome of his talks with Saddam Hussein in 1998. UN observers wait to see how additional crises will be handled by the gentle but determined man from Ghana.
In the summer of 2001, the United Nations unanimously appointed Kofi Annan to his second five-year term as secretary-general. On October 12, 2001, the Nobel Peace Prize was awarded jointly to the United Nations and Kofi Annan. The Nobel citation pointed out that Annan had brought new life to the peacekeeping organization, highlighted the United Nations's fight for civil rights, and boldly taken on the new challenges of terrorism and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS; a disease of the immune system).
For More Information
Tessitore, John. Kofi Annan: The Peacekeeper. New York: Franklin Watts, 2000.
Kofi Annan
International diplomat Kofi Annan (born 1938) of Ghana is the seventh secretary-general of the United Nations and the first black African to head that organization.
Noted for his cautious, serene style of diplomacy, United Nations (UN) Secretary-General Kofi Annan is sometimes criticized for his soft-spokenness, which some say may be mistaken for weakness. But Annan abides by a lesson he learned back in his college days. Unused to the frigid winters of St. Paul, Minnesota, where he studied economics at Macalester College, he took one look at the local students and decided they looked ridiculous in their huge earmuffs. Then he took a walk around campus. When his ears froze, he went out and bought earmuffs. He said of that experience, as noted in U.S. News & World Report, "I learned an important lesson. You never walk into a situation and believe that you know better than the natives. You have to listen and look around. Otherwise you can make some very serious mistakes." As the head peacekeeping officer of the world's chief peace-keeping organization, mistakes are just what Annan wants to avoid.
Early Career
Kofi Atta Annan was born in Kumasi, in central Ghana, on April 8, 1938. Located between the Ivory Coast and Togo on the southern coast of west Africa, Ghana has been a republic within the British Commonwealth since 1960. Named for an African empire along the Niger River, it was ruled by Great Britain for 113 years as the Gold Coast. Annan is descended from tribal chiefs on both sides of his family. His father was an educated man, and Annan became accustomed to both traditional and modern ways of life. He has described himself as being "atribal in a tribal world."
After receiving his early education at a leading boarding school in Ghana, Annan attended the College of Science and Technology in the provincial capital of Kumasi. At the age of 20, he won a Ford Foundation scholarship for undergraduate studies at Macalester College in St. Paul, Minnesota, where he learned about economics and earmuffs. Even then he was showing signs of becoming a diplomat. As communications professor Roger Mosvick commented in U.S. News & World Report, "I don't think anyone on this planet has heard Kofi raise his voice in anger." Annan received his bachelor's degree in economics in 1961.
Shortly after completing his studies at Macalester College, Annan headed for Geneva where he attended the Institut Universitaire des Hautes Etudes Internationales for graduate classes in economics. A decade later, he became the Alfred P. Sloan fellow at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). At the end of his fellowship in 1972, he was awarded a master of science degree in management.
Following his graduate studies in Geneva, Annan joined the staff of the World Health Organization (WHO), a branch of the United Nations. He served as an administrative officer and as budget officer in Geneva. Later UN posts took him to Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, and New York City, New York. Annan had always assumed that he would return to his native land after college, although he was disturbed by the unrest and numerous overturns of government that occurred there during the 1970s. Rather than return to Ghana during this period, he accepted a position with UN headquarters in New York City. In 1974, he moved to Cairo, Egypt, as chief civilian personnel officer in the UN Emergency Force. Annan briefly changed careers in 1974 when he left the UN to serve as managing director of the Ghana Tourist Development Company.
Annan returned to international diplomacy and the UN in 1976, leaving the private sector permanently. For the next seven years, he was associated with the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees in Geneva. He returned to the UN headquarters in New York City in 1983 as director of the budget in the financial services office. Later in the 1980s, he filled the post of assistant secretary-general in the Office of Human Resources Management and served as security coordinator for the United Nations. In 1990, he became assistant secretary-general for another department at the UN, the Office of Program Planning, Budget, and Finance. In fulfilling his duties to the United Nations, Annan has spent most of his adult life in the United States, specifically UN headquarters in New York.
Annan has filled a number of roles at the UN, ranging from peacekeeping to managerial, and the 1990s were no different. In 1990, he negotiated the release of hostages in Iraq following the invasion of Kuwait. Five years later, he oversaw the transition of the United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR) to the multinational Implementation Force (IFOR). In this transfer of responsibility, operations in the former Yugoslavia were turned over to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). Annan had been associated with the Office of Peace-keeping Operations since 1992. In 1993, he had been promoted to under-secretary-general of this office. In recognition of his abilities, Annan was appointed Secretary-General of the United Nations by the General Assembly in December of 1996. He began serving his four-year term of office on January 1, 1997.
Joining him in this new post was his second wife, former attorney Nane Lagergren. The secretary-general has been married twice, first to a woman from Nigeria, with whom he has two children. His second wife, Nane Lagergren, is from Sweden. She is the niece of the diplomat Raoul Wallenberg, who saved thousands of European Jews from the Nazis during World War II. Annan and Lagergren were married in 1985. The couple has one child.
Heading the UN
The post of Secretary-General of the United Nations has been called one of the world's "oddest jobs." According to the United Nations website, "Equal parts diplomat and activist, conciliator and provocateur, the Secretary-General stands before the world community as the very emblem of the United Nations. The task demands great vigour, sensitivity and imagination, to which the Secretary-General must add a tenacious sense of optimism-a belief that the ideals expressed in the Charter can be made a reality." The Secretary-General is the boss of 10,000 international civil servants and the chief administrator of a huge international parliamentary system.
In this post, Annan is expected to coordinate, although he does not control, the activities of such groups as the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). He is also obliged to practice "preventive diplomacy," meaning he and his staff must try to prevent, contain, or defuse international disputes. Above all, Annan must try to maintain world peace. In an address to the National Press Club, Annan declared: "If war is the failure of diplomacy, then … diplomacy, both bilateral and multilateral, is our first line of defence. The world today spends billions preparing for war; shouldn't we spend a billion or two preparing for peace?"
Almost immediately after Annan's election came the question: Is this man just too nice a person for the job? His reputation for "soft-spokenness," according to U.S. News & World Report, could be mistaken for weakness. National Review contributor Stefan Halper, however, called Annan a "subtle and capable presence" with "an extraordinary feel for the [United Nations]…. [H]is influence on world opinion, and hence his power, is striking." Another factor that made people question Annan's toughness was his involvement in the UN efforts at peacekeeping in Bosnia from 1992 to 1996. Despite the UN's presence, Bosnia remained the site of an ethnic war where thousands died. Sir Marrack Goulding, head of peace-keeping, once commented that Annan never expressed his doubts about the UN policy in a forceful manner. Annan disagreed, saying that he always pressed the involved countries-the United States, Britain, France, and Russia-to rethink their limited mandate on sending soldiers to the peace-keeping force. Not one to raise his voice in anger, Annan favored diplomacy. In a press conference in Baghdad in 1998, Annan noted: "You can do a lot with diplomacy, but of course you can do a lot more with diplomacy backed up by fairness and force."
All eyes turned to Annan and his handling of the touchy situation with Iraq in 1998. Early in that year, threats of war seemed all too real. Saddam Hussein, President of Iraq, was once again a threatening presence, refusing to let UN observers into certain areas of his country, as previously agreed upon, to check for illegal possession of chemical warfare items and the like. President Bill Clinton of the United States hinted strongly at the use of force to make Saddam comply. In his role as Secretary-General, Annan went to Iraq in February of 1998 to meet with the Iraqi leader. After talking with Annan, Saddam agreed to what he had refused before-unlimited UN access to the eight sites that he had previously called completely off-limits. Due to Annan's intervention, war was averted. "There were millions of people around the world rooting for a peaceful solution and praying for us-this is why in Baghdad I said you should never underestimate the power of prayer," declared Annan upon returning to UN headquarters that month, as noted on the UN website.
Annan's code of soft-spoken diplomacy was given a boost by the outcome of his talks with Saddam Hussein in 1998. United Nations observers wait to see how additional crises will be handled by the gentle but determined man from Ghana. As a long-time acquaintance of Annan commented to People, "He has in mind a goal: world peace."
Further Reading
Christian Century, April 1, 1998.
Maclean's, March 9, 1998.
Nation, March 16, 1998.
National Review, April 20, 1998.
New Republic, January 6, 1997.
Newsweek, March 9, 1998, pp. 28-32.
New York Times Magazine, March 29, 1998.
U.S. News & World Report, March 9, 1998, pp. 36-37; March 23, 1998.
"Kofi Annan," Newsmaker Profiles, CNN Interactive, http://www.cnn.com (May 14, 1998).
United Nations website, http://www.un.org (March 2, 1998).
Annan's address to the National Press Club, Washington, D.C., January 24, 1997.
Annan's joint press conference with Deputy Minister of Iraq Tariq Aziz, Baghdad, February 23, 1998.
|
|||||
7733
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 84
|
https://cocorioko.net/kofi-annan-biography-of-the-first-un-secretary-general-south-of-the-sahara/
|
en
|
The Biography of the Late UN Secretary
|
[
"https://cocorioko.net/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/logo.png",
"https://cocorioko.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/728_90_banner-6.png",
"https://cocorioko.net/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Anan-and-wife-600x381.png",
"https://cocorioko.net/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Anan-and-wife-600x381.png",
"https://cocorioko.net/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/kofi-annan-wife-and-children.jpg",
"https://cocorioko.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/HEALTH-MINISTER-FOFANA-2-326x245.jpg",
"https://cocorioko.net/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/VOTE-2-326x245.jpg",
"https://cocorioko.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/MAJOHNKAMARA-326x245.jpg",
"https://cocorioko.net/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/annan-80x60.png",
"https://cocorioko.net/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/ANNAN-FUNERAL-80x60.jpg",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/fb699157c0fe022ef51a336da940f3d5?s=24&d=mm&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a0c5cbfbb45d96f76dfdc4dff91cb451?s=24&d=mm&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/62d3534d4c59cfef3bb9161cb8b6ce71?s=24&d=mm&r=g",
"https://cocorioko.net/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/A-STATE-OPENING-e1481826074289-80x60.jpg",
"https://cocorioko.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/BASITA-MICHAEL-4-e1594645087339-80x60.jpg",
"https://cocorioko.net/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/KEH-KAMARA-80x60.jpg",
"https://cocorioko.net/wp-content/uploads/2006/03/CHARLESTAYLORGUNPOINTING-600-x-916-80x60.jpg",
"https://cocorioko.net/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/PROSPERITY-e1468405971730-80x60.jpg",
"https://cocorioko.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/president-bio-sullen-678x381-1-80x60.jpg",
"https://cocorioko.net/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/ECOWAS-MEETS-PARLIAMENT-80x60.jpg",
"https://cocorioko.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/PRESIDENT-KOROMA-CHIEF-80x60.jpg",
"https://cocorioko.net/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/MAADA-BIO-GREEN-80x60.jpg",
"https://cocorioko.net/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/election-fraud-80x60.jpeg",
"https://cocorioko.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/presidentsmiling1-80x60.jpg",
"https://cocorioko.net/wp-content/themes/mh-magazine/images/placeholder-small.png",
"https://cocorioko.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/maadabiosleeps-80x60.jpg",
"https://cocorioko.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/fula-dance2-600-x-448-80x60.jpg",
"https://cocorioko.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/President-Bio-Assures-678x381.jpeg",
"https://cocorioko.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Screenshot_20240816_035426_Chrome-678x381.jpg",
"https://cocorioko.net/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/best_source.jpg",
"https://cocorioko.net/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/salone-rump-678x381.jpg",
"https://cocorioko.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/yayakalokoh2-514x381.jpg",
"https://cocorioko.net/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/opinion-2-678x381.jpg",
"https://cocorioko.net/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Madam-Madina-Rahman-delivering-her-address-336x381.jpg",
"https://cocorioko.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/NEWSPAPERS-FROM-SIERRA-LEONE-e1474449543552-600x381-600x381.jpg",
"https://cocorioko.net/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/logo.png",
"https://cocorioko.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/President-Bio-Assures-80x60.jpeg",
"https://cocorioko.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Screenshot_20240816_035426_Chrome-80x60.jpg",
"https://cocorioko.net/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Screenshot_20240816_034834_Chrome-80x60.jpg",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/5bde80b9322b68c5a952644c92464588?s=48&d=mm&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/0045151c51bd9ee3ca42e21d524db6de?s=48&d=mm&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/26a379ffe11a8112443ccfbf0d1da6be?s=48&d=mm&r=g"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] |
2018-09-13T13:25:31+00:00
|
en
|
https://cocorioko.net/kofi-annan-biography-of-the-first-un-secretary-general-south-of-the-sahara/
|
Kofi Annan’s children eulogize their ‘daddy’
By Belinda Ayamgha, GNA
kofi-annan—wife-and-children
Accra, Sept. 13, GNA – The children of the late Kofi Annan have eulogized their father, recounting some of their fondest memories with him and the important values he taught them.
In a tribute read by Ama Annan Adedeji, daughter of Mr Kofi Annan, she noted that her dad taught her to appreciate everything that she had; good or bad, as someone somewhere always had it worse than she did.
Recounting an occasion where she went complaining to her dad about not being able to buy something, she noted the questions he asked her and the conclusion he drew, which reiterated the need for her to be content with what she had.
After answering to his questions of “Is someone shooting at you? Do you have a roof over your head? Do you eat three times a day?, he said to her; “then you have no problems, stop complaining.”
Amidst reminiscent smiles from Nane Marie Laghergren, and her siblings: Nina and Kojo, Mrs Annan Adedeji recounted her father’s ‘casual’ dressing of a suit, when he invited her to accompany him to a friend’s concert where the dress code was casual.
When she asked why he was wearing a suit to the concert, when he was supposed to be casually dressed, he replied: “I am casually dressed, see, no tie.”
Describing her father’s down-to-earth nature and his ability to straddle different worlds, she said Mr Annan moved effortlessly from shanty to Paris, from impoverished streets to government enclaves, from a morning greeting with a member of the household or a moment shared with a loved one to negotiating for international peace.
“He understood only too well that like hamsters on a wheel, most of us spend our lives running around in circles, locked in our little bubbles, trying our utmost to insulate ourselves from the violence, poverty, crime or pollution. Each, if not all of these conditions, is a reality for the people that were in the forefront of his mind. Yet, somehow, the darkness of the human condition were balanced and lightened by the resolute hope, lodged firmly in his heart,” she said.
She described her father as a believer in knowledge as power, information as liberating and education as the premise of progress in every society and family, and who tended to gravitate towards the youth, in whom he found ‘hope and inspiration’.
Mrs Adedeji said she had grown to appreciate her father for what he was: a man with the generosity of spirit, who gave himself to others, put himself at their disposal and was one of the most loving people she knew.
“He may not have been the coolest dad, but to me, he always walked on water,” she said.
To paraphrase Winnie the Pooh “How lucky am I to have such a father, that makes saying goodbye so hard. Rest in peace, daddy,” she said.
Mr Kojo Annan, son, in his tribute, said it had been an honour and privilege to have Mr Annan as a father for the past 45 years.
“To the rest of the big world, he was Kofi Annan, noble statesman par excellence, but to me, he was simply daddy,” he said.
He said his father’s singular gift was his ferocious belief in humanity and its ability to see past superficial differences and embrace the need to create a more equal world.
He recounted how, at age seven, he lived alone with his father in Geneva, at a time when it was novel for a traditional African man to be raising a child solo, noting; “My daddy made it work and he made it great.”
He noted that even with increased responsibilities at the UN, Mr Annan still dropped everything to be at his bedside when he fell ill and had to have immediate surgery, and also helped him to put his life back together, piece by piece.
“He loved me unconditionally, and I loved him, unconditionally, and most importantly, he taught me how to love unconditionally,” he said.
Kojo said his father’s lessons, inspiration and legacy would sustain him, as he went on in life without his father.
He thanked the world leaders and people who attended the funeral and urged them to emulate the values that his father represented, saying the greatest tribute they could pay to him was to follow his example of unity, equality, love, peace and respect.
Nina Cronstedt de Groot, his daughter, expressed gratitude for the years that he spent with them, saying it was the only thing that was able to trump the sorrow of not having him with them.
“Gratitude for feeling your love and support every day and for having Alexei and Ebba experience you almost as I have. You gave of yourself to everyone, big or small, and will live on in us and the thousands of those who felt your compassion,” she said in remembrance published in the official brochure.
“You made a real difference and you will continue to inspire good. I love you endlessly. Rest in Peace,” she said.
|
|||||||
7733
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 21
|
https://seedglobalhealth.org/about/
|
en
|
Our Team - Seed Global Health
|
[
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/seedlogo.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/C07A4875-scaled-e1681479421320.jpg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/themes/html5blank-stable/img/icons/red-flower.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/C07A4802-scaled.jpg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/VBK2023-e1687461320161.jpg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/themes/html5blank-stable/img/icons/x-button.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/VBK2023-e1687461320161.jpg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/314A0170-scaled-e1692360164357.jpg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/themes/html5blank-stable/img/icons/x-button.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/314A0170-scaled-e1692360164357.jpg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Sara-Adelman--e1687461260831.jpg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/themes/html5blank-stable/img/icons/x-button.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Sara-Adelman--e1687461260831.jpg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Rose-Head-shot-scaled.jpg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/themes/html5blank-stable/img/icons/x-button.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Rose-Head-shot-scaled.jpg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/Picture1.jpg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/themes/html5blank-stable/img/icons/x-button.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/Picture1.jpg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Bonaventure-Ahaisibwe@2x.jpg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/themes/html5blank-stable/img/icons/x-button.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Bonaventure-Ahaisibwe@2x.jpg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Irene-Atuhairwe@2x.jpg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/themes/html5blank-stable/img/icons/x-button.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Irene-Atuhairwe@2x.jpg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/ED6A398B-473C-47E1-8957-8ADE35F772AE-scaled-e1700571336290.jpeg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/themes/html5blank-stable/img/icons/x-button.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/ED6A398B-473C-47E1-8957-8ADE35F772AE-scaled-e1700571336290.jpeg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/ErinBarr@2x.jpg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/themes/html5blank-stable/img/icons/x-button.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/ErinBarr@2x.jpg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Bassim-Birkland@2x.jpg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/themes/html5blank-stable/img/icons/x-button.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Bassim-Birkland@2x.jpg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/IMG_9897-scaled.jpg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/themes/html5blank-stable/img/icons/x-button.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/IMG_9897-scaled.jpg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/KellyCarpenter@2x.jpg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/themes/html5blank-stable/img/icons/x-button.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/KellyCarpenter@2x.jpg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/MeaghanCarroll@2x.jpg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/themes/html5blank-stable/img/icons/x-button.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/MeaghanCarroll@2x.jpg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Gerald-Chibwana@2x.jpg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/themes/html5blank-stable/img/icons/x-button.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Gerald-Chibwana@2x.jpg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Chilekwa-K.-Chilekwa--scaled.jpg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/themes/html5blank-stable/img/icons/x-button.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Chilekwa-K.-Chilekwa--scaled.jpg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Martina-Dhliwayo.jpeg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/themes/html5blank-stable/img/icons/x-button.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Martina-Dhliwayo.jpeg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/Andrea-headshot-scaled-e1687461394149.jpg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/themes/html5blank-stable/img/icons/x-button.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/Andrea-headshot-scaled-e1687461394149.jpg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Laura-Euller-.png",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/themes/html5blank-stable/img/icons/x-button.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Laura-Euller-.png",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Randall-Ellis-Photo-e1679333776370.jpg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/themes/html5blank-stable/img/icons/x-button.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Randall-Ellis-Photo-e1679333776370.jpg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Elana-headshot.jpg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/themes/html5blank-stable/img/icons/x-button.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Elana-headshot.jpg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/HelenEwing.jpg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/themes/html5blank-stable/img/icons/x-button.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/HelenEwing.jpg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Tom-Headshot.jpeg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/themes/html5blank-stable/img/icons/x-button.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Tom-Headshot.jpeg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/Augustine-Juma-Fannah.jpg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/themes/html5blank-stable/img/icons/x-button.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/Augustine-Juma-Fannah.jpg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/LeighForbush@2x.jpg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/themes/html5blank-stable/img/icons/x-button.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/LeighForbush@2x.jpg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Kidist-Gebre.jpg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/themes/html5blank-stable/img/icons/x-button.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Kidist-Gebre.jpg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/Afi_Ghamli_Headshot-scaled.jpg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/themes/html5blank-stable/img/icons/x-button.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/Afi_Ghamli_Headshot-scaled.jpg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/C05436E6-C3E4-4F0D-8F4B-61B1D11F5D91.jpeg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/themes/html5blank-stable/img/icons/x-button.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/C05436E6-C3E4-4F0D-8F4B-61B1D11F5D91.jpeg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/M_Haldeman_465px.jpg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/themes/html5blank-stable/img/icons/x-button.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/M_Haldeman_465px.jpg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Esther-Ijangolet.png",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/themes/html5blank-stable/img/icons/x-button.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Esther-Ijangolet.png",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Simbisai-Kadye.jpeg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/themes/html5blank-stable/img/icons/x-button.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Simbisai-Kadye.jpeg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Musa-Kamara-e1676312244374.jpg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/themes/html5blank-stable/img/icons/x-button.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Musa-Kamara-e1676312244374.jpg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Thombi.jpg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/themes/html5blank-stable/img/icons/x-button.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Thombi.jpg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/Douglas-Lungu-1.jpg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/themes/html5blank-stable/img/icons/x-button.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/Douglas-Lungu-1.jpg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Anthony-Mafabi-scaled.jpg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/themes/html5blank-stable/img/icons/x-button.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Anthony-Mafabi-scaled.jpg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/Richard-Malirakwenda.jpeg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/themes/html5blank-stable/img/icons/x-button.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/Richard-Malirakwenda.jpeg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/Headshot-1-scaled-e1682692896871.jpg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/themes/html5blank-stable/img/icons/x-button.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/Headshot-1-scaled-e1682692896871.jpg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Pacharo.png",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/themes/html5blank-stable/img/icons/x-button.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Pacharo.png",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/FolaMay@2x.jpg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/themes/html5blank-stable/img/icons/x-button.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/FolaMay@2x.jpg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/KiranMitha@2x.jpg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/themes/html5blank-stable/img/icons/x-button.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/KiranMitha@2x.jpg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/madalitso-headhsot-scaled-e1696525091277.jpg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/themes/html5blank-stable/img/icons/x-button.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/madalitso-headhsot-scaled-e1696525091277.jpg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Gaspar-Mbita-1.png",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/themes/html5blank-stable/img/icons/x-button.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Gaspar-Mbita-1.png",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Lauren_2.jpeg-e1679333860316.jpeg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/themes/html5blank-stable/img/icons/x-button.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Lauren_2.jpeg-e1679333860316.jpeg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Peter_Business_12-scaled.jpeg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/themes/html5blank-stable/img/icons/x-button.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Peter_Business_12-scaled.jpeg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Fauve-Morse-scaled.jpeg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/themes/html5blank-stable/img/icons/x-button.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Fauve-Morse-scaled.jpeg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Ernest-Moya.png",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/themes/html5blank-stable/img/icons/x-button.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Ernest-Moya.png",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Thomas-Msiska2@2x.jpg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/themes/html5blank-stable/img/icons/x-button.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Thomas-Msiska2@2x.jpg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Martin-Msukwa.jpg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/themes/html5blank-stable/img/icons/x-button.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Martin-Msukwa.jpg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/prossy.png",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/themes/html5blank-stable/img/icons/x-button.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/prossy.png",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/E90AB966-1E8E-4D54-8C08-E30A7B14FA29-e1704916389768.jpeg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/themes/html5blank-stable/img/icons/x-button.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/E90AB966-1E8E-4D54-8C08-E30A7B14FA29-e1704916389768.jpeg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/sarah-ngoma-photo.png",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/themes/html5blank-stable/img/icons/x-button.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/sarah-ngoma-photo.png",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Anda-Nyondo-profile-photo-scaled-e1692361442963.jpg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/themes/html5blank-stable/img/icons/x-button.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Anda-Nyondo-profile-photo-scaled-e1692361442963.jpg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Dr.-Vincent-Oketcho-1-1-scaled.jpeg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/themes/html5blank-stable/img/icons/x-button.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Dr.-Vincent-Oketcho-1-1-scaled.jpeg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Eric-Otim@2x.jpg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/themes/html5blank-stable/img/icons/x-button.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Eric-Otim@2x.jpg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/HEADSHOT-scaled-e1709839081295.jpg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/themes/html5blank-stable/img/icons/x-button.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/HEADSHOT-scaled-e1709839081295.jpg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Isha-Sesay.png",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/themes/html5blank-stable/img/icons/x-button.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Isha-Sesay.png",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/IMG_3474_Original.jpg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/themes/html5blank-stable/img/icons/x-button.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/IMG_3474_Original.jpg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/Caroline-Snyder.jpg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/themes/html5blank-stable/img/icons/x-button.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/Caroline-Snyder.jpg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Helen-Solomon-1-scaled.jpg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/themes/html5blank-stable/img/icons/x-button.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Helen-Solomon-1-scaled.jpg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Mustapha-Sonnie.png",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/themes/html5blank-stable/img/icons/x-button.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Mustapha-Sonnie.png",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/0G0A7427-2.jpg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/themes/html5blank-stable/img/icons/x-button.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/0G0A7427-2.jpg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Andrew-Twineamatsiko-scaled.jpeg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/themes/html5blank-stable/img/icons/x-button.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Andrew-Twineamatsiko-scaled.jpeg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/Editor-Twongirwe-.jpeg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/themes/html5blank-stable/img/icons/x-button.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/Editor-Twongirwe-.jpeg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Brittney-van-de-Water.jpg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/themes/html5blank-stable/img/icons/x-button.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Brittney-van-de-Water.jpg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/kateyorkheadshot-scaled.jpeg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/themes/html5blank-stable/img/icons/x-button.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/kateyorkheadshot-scaled.jpeg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/themes/html5blank-stable/img/polygon.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/themes/html5blank-stable/img/red-arrow.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/themes/html5blank-stable/img/icons/x-button.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/themes/html5blank-stable/img/red-arrow.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/themes/html5blank-stable/img/icons/x-button.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/themes/html5blank-stable/img/red-arrow.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/themes/html5blank-stable/img/icons/x-button.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/themes/html5blank-stable/img/red-arrow.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/themes/html5blank-stable/img/icons/x-button.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/themes/html5blank-stable/img/red-arrow.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/themes/html5blank-stable/img/icons/x-button.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/themes/html5blank-stable/img/red-arrow.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/themes/html5blank-stable/img/icons/x-button.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/themes/html5blank-stable/img/red-arrow.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/themes/html5blank-stable/img/icons/x-button.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/themes/html5blank-stable/img/red-arrow.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/themes/html5blank-stable/img/icons/x-button.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/themes/html5blank-stable/img/polygon.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/themes/html5blank-stable/img/red-arrow.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/themes/html5blank-stable/img/icons/x-button.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/themes/html5blank-stable/img/red-arrow.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/themes/html5blank-stable/img/icons/x-button.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/themes/html5blank-stable/img/red-arrow.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/themes/html5blank-stable/img/icons/x-button.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/themes/html5blank-stable/img/red-arrow.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/themes/html5blank-stable/img/icons/x-button.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/themes/html5blank-stable/img/red-arrow.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/themes/html5blank-stable/img/icons/x-button.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/themes/html5blank-stable/img/red-arrow.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/themes/html5blank-stable/img/icons/x-button.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/themes/html5blank-stable/img/red-arrow.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/themes/html5blank-stable/img/icons/x-button.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/themes/html5blank-stable/img/red-arrow.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/themes/html5blank-stable/img/icons/x-button.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/themes/html5blank-stable/img/red-arrow.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/themes/html5blank-stable/img/icons/x-button.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/themes/html5blank-stable/img/red-arrow.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/themes/html5blank-stable/img/icons/x-button.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/themes/html5blank-stable/img/red-arrow.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/themes/html5blank-stable/img/icons/x-button.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/themes/html5blank-stable/img/red-arrow.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/themes/html5blank-stable/img/icons/x-button.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/themes/html5blank-stable/img/red-arrow.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/themes/html5blank-stable/img/icons/x-button.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/themes/html5blank-stable/img/red-arrow.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/themes/html5blank-stable/img/icons/x-button.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/themes/html5blank-stable/img/red-arrow.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/themes/html5blank-stable/img/icons/x-button.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/themes/html5blank-stable/img/red-arrow.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/themes/html5blank-stable/img/icons/x-button.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/themes/html5blank-stable/img/polygon.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/themes/html5blank-stable/img/red-arrow.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/themes/html5blank-stable/img/icons/x-button.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/themes/html5blank-stable/img/red-arrow.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/themes/html5blank-stable/img/icons/x-button.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/themes/html5blank-stable/img/red-arrow.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/themes/html5blank-stable/img/icons/x-button.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/themes/html5blank-stable/img/red-arrow.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/themes/html5blank-stable/img/icons/x-button.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/themes/html5blank-stable/img/red-arrow.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/themes/html5blank-stable/img/icons/x-button.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/themes/html5blank-stable/img/red-arrow.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/themes/html5blank-stable/img/icons/x-button.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/themes/html5blank-stable/img/red-arrow.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/themes/html5blank-stable/img/icons/x-button.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/themes/html5blank-stable/img/red-arrow.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/themes/html5blank-stable/img/icons/x-button.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/themes/html5blank-stable/img/red-arrow.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/themes/html5blank-stable/img/icons/x-button.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/themes/html5blank-stable/img/red-arrow.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/themes/html5blank-stable/img/icons/x-button.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Seed_Contact_teal.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/donate.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Seed_eNews_blue2.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/twitter.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Trazado-3229.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Trazado-3231.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/icons8-play-button.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Componente-278-–-1.svg",
"https://seedglobalhealth.org/wp-content/themes/html5blank-stable/img/icons/x-button.svg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] |
2021-03-16T16:04:42+00:00
|
We partner to train nurses, midwives, and physicians, building complete healthcare teams that can provide high-quality care and save lives. We do this by strengthening clinical care delivery, improving health workforce education, and supporting policies that enable health professionals to succeed.
|
en
|
Seed Global Health
|
https://seedglobalhealth.org/about/
|
Ndeye Fatu Sesay is a policy and data expert with over 12 years of experience in various public sector and non-governmental roles in Sierra Leone, Guinea and Cote D’Ivoire. She holds a Master’s degree in development studies with a concentration in Human Security and Conflict Resolution from the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, Tufts University. Prior to taking the lead to develop and implement Sierra Leone’s Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC) grants, she has worked for Human Rights Watch and several UN agencies in New York, Guinea and Cote d’Ivoire. Her public sector experience includes serving as a Policy Analyst in the Strategy and Policy Unit, Office of the President- Sierra Leone providing monitoring and evaluation support and strategic advice to the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Security and the Ministry of Education. She was later appointed as Policy Benchmarking Coordinator in the former Office of the Chief of Staff- Sierra Leone, Office of the President to support the management of data collection for international benchmarks and provide policy advice to improve performance on critical indicators such as education and health expenditure, and governance including control of corruption. Ndeye later transitioned to Millennium Challenge Coordinating Unit (MCCU) where she continued to serve as Policy Benchmarking Coordinator also supporting key governance initiatives like the Open Government Partnership, the Pay No Bribe Campaign and combatting Trafficking in Persons. She then took up the role of Program Manager of the MCCU and later Chief Executive Officer, leading the implementation of the $ 44.4 million MCC funded Threshold program that sought to improve the financial viability of the water and electricity sectors in Sierra Leone. Following the successful completion of the Threshold Program in 2021, Ndeye is now leading the development of Sierra Leone’s multiple hundred million Compact after selection by MCC’s Board of Directors in 2020 that seeks to address the most binding constraints to growth.
Anthony (Tony) Gardner, former U.S. Ambassador to the European Union, has devoted more than 27 years of his distinguished career to U.S.-European affairs as a government official and lawyer. During his service as U.S. Ambassador until 2017, he played a pivotal role in some of the most challenging issues in the U.S.-EU relationship, including the negotiations to conclude a Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership Agreement (TTIP), the Privacy Shield Agreement facilitating the transatlantic transfer of personal data by companies based in Europe and the Umbrella Agreement facilitating the transatlantic transfer of data between law enforcement authorities. He was also instrumental in U.S.-EU coordination of sanctions against Russia following its annexation of Crimea and the facilitation of U.S. participation in EU-funded research programs. Most recently, Tony has also been advising clients on various aspects of the legal and policy implications of Brexit.
Prior to his role as U.S. Ambassador to the EU, Tony served as managing director of a London-based private equity firm and as an Executive Director at GE Capital. He also served as Director for European Affairs on the U.S. National Security Council, where he was responsible for U.S. relations with the EU.
Mr. DeChellis is the Chief Executive Officer and President of the Company and the Bank. He joined the Company and was elected to the Board in November 2018. Mr. DeChellis has over 30 years of experience in the financial services industry. Prior to joining the Company, he was the President of OurCrowd Venture Capital from 2014 to 2016, where he developed the firm’s business strategy for an equity capital crowdfunding platform, established a deal flow process to review hundreds of company investment opportunities each year and initiated the development of a new website to engage and manage client relationships.
From 2006 to 2013, Mr. DeChellis was the CEO of Credit Suisse Private Banking – Americas. In this role, he provided executive leadership for Credit Suisse’s Private Banking & Wealth Management businesses in North and South America and served as a member of the CS Global Private Banking Management Committee, the Board of Directors for Credit Suisse Securities USA, LLC, the firm’s Private Banking Global Risk Management Committee, the firm’s Global Diversity Committee and the CS Global Investment Banking Management Committee. From 2003 to 2006, Mr. DeChellis was the Head of UBS Private Wealth Management. During his tenure at UBS, Mr. DeChellis launched the Private Wealth Management business for UBS in the United States and oversaw the expansion of services catering to ultra-high net worth clients. He was a member of the UBS Americas Management Council and the UBS Global Private Banking Leadership Group.
Prior to joining UBS, from 1987 to 2003, Mr. DeChellis held various positions at Merrill Lynch, including Head of International Private Banking for Merrill Lynch Europe. Mr. DeChellis is a member of the Board of Trustees of The Berkshire School, the Board of Directors of The Open Door Homeless Shelter and the President’s Leadership Council of Rollins College. He serves as a member of the board of directors of each of the Company’s operating subsidiaries.
As Chairman, Universal Filmed Entertainment Group (UFEG), Donna Langley is responsible for the global creative strategy and business operations for the motion picture group. In this role, she oversees the production, marketing and distribution for film and television content across Universal Pictures, DreamWorks Animation (DWA), Focus Features, Universal Pictures International and Universal Pictures Home Entertainment.
Prior to being named sole Chairman, UFEG, in 2019, Langley served as Chairman of Universal Pictures since 2013 where she engineered a strategic slate of all-audience tentpoles, breakthrough comedies, and pop-culture hit horror films that resulted in four years of record global profit, and the two most profitable years in the studio’s 107-year history. During her tenure, Langley led Focus Features’ global realignment with Universal Pictures International; oversaw the studio’s successful integration of DreamWorks Animation; and launched the Global Talent Development & Inclusion group, making Universal the first major feature studio to have a department working with both production and workforce to build on the company’s commitment to progressing diversity and inclusion. She first joined Universal in 2001 as Senior Vice President of Production, and subsequently served as President of Production, Co-Chairman, Universal Pictures. She began her career at New Line Cinema, where she worked on hit Austin Powers franchise, as well as The Cell and Drop Dead Gorgeous.
Over the years, Langley has been recognized for her impact on the film and entertainment industry. A native of the United Kingdom, she is the first British female to run a major Hollywood studio, and was recently awarded a Dame Commander of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire (DBE) title by the Queen in her 2020 New Year’s Honour List. The honour recognizes Langley’s many accomplishments in redefining popular culture and her efforts to expand networks and opportunities for women and people of color in the entertainment industry, while also championing organizations dedicated to providing access, networks and pathways to success, for all people. She is also a recipient of 2018 Producers Guild of America’s Milestone Award; the 2016 Will Rogers Motion Picture Pioneers Foundation Pioneer of the Year Award; and the 2014 Women in Film’s Crystal Award for Excellence in Film.
A passionate advocate for mentorship and female empowerment, Langley is an Ambassador for Vital Voices Global Ambassadors Program and has served on the organization’s Board of Directors since 2013. She was also a key founder of The Hollywood Reporter’s Women in Film Mentorship program.
A voting member of the British Academy of Film and Television Arts and the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, Langley serves on the Board of Trustees for the American Film Institute, Motion Picture Association (MPA), USC’s School of Cinematic Arts Board of Councilors, and SAG-AFTRA Foundation’s Entertainment Industry Council.
Dr. Kyu Rhee is Senior Vice President for CVS Health and Chief Medical Officer for Aetna. He oversees all clinical capabilities at Aetna with a focus on enhancing the quality of services provided for members and plan sponsors. In this role, he and his team lead the innovative design and implementation of new integrated health care management strategies and population health solutions. He also focuses on better integrating evidence-based medicine into key medical and personalized management strategies.
Dr. Rhee joined CVS Health from IBM, where he served for a decade as Vice President and Chief Health Officer, and was the lead physician, public health and clinical executive leader for IBM’s global workforce of over 350,000 in 170 countries. He had global responsibilities for IBM’s efforts to transform health through the use of data, analytics, artificial intelligence, and services for hospitals, health systems, providers, health plans, employers, governments, and life science companies. Most recently, he and his team led many of IBM’s global COVID-19 and Culture of Health initiatives.
Before joining IBM, Dr. Rhee served in the federal government as Chief Public Health Officer at the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) and Director of Innovation at the National Institutes of Health (NIH). While at HRSA and NIH, he led numerous national initiatives related to prevention, health care quality, research, health equity and public health.
Dr. Rhee earned his dual medical residency training in internal medicine and pediatrics from Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles, his medical degree from the Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California, a master’s degree in Healthcare Policy from Harvard University’s Kennedy School of Government, and a BS in Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry from Yale University. Earlier in his career, Dr. Rhee worked as a National Health Services Corps primary care physician and Chief Medical Officer in diverse community health settings in Washington, D.C., and Baltimore. He also taught and mentored clinical and public health students at George Washington University’s Schools of Public Health and Medicine.
Bill Roedy has pursued a lifetime of global service in both the private and public sectors. His multiple careers have revolved around Defense, Diplomacy and Development, dedicating his life to uniting cultures, freedom for all and improving wellbeing worldwide.
Upon graduation from West Point in 1970 as a 2nd Lieutenant, Bill qualified as an Airborne Ranger, volunteering for duty in Vietnam. Following a year in combat operations along the DMZ, he then commanded three Nuclear Missile bases in Italy as part of NATO during the Cold War. For his distinguished military service, he was awarded the Bronze Star, Air Medal, Vietnamese Cross of Gallantry (with Silver Star) and Meritorious Service Medal.
After the military, and graduating from Harvard Business School, Bill embarked on a 33-year career in media. He joined HBO in 1979, as part of a new television cable revolution and rose to Vice President, overseeing offices in L.A and Philadelphia, negotiating distribution and marketing partnerships and launching HBO across the US. He was later honored as a Cable TV Pioneer.
Moving to London in 1989, he led the start-up MTV Europe, bringing a new form of television to viewers on both sides of the Iron Curtain. Over the next 22 years, he built from scratch a global operation of 200 channels, 20 brands (including MTV, Nickelodeon and Comedy Central), in 200 countries, reaching an audience of 2 Billion people, launching the most channels in the history of television. His strategy centered on 1) creative, relentless distribution, 2) ground-breaking content that was reflective and respectful of local cultures and 3) social responsibility, highlighted by the largest multi-media initiative to fight the global pandemic of HIV/AIDS. Through diplomacy and entrepreneurship, he successfully navigated the complexity of diverse cultures, regulatory and geopolitical challenges, while at the same time pioneering a strategy of localization with global scale. He was recognized in 2015 with his induction into the Cable Hall of Fame. During this time, he was appointed the first Ambassador of UNAIDS, addressing the UN General Assembly on several occasions regarding the pandemic.
He was a founding member and Chair of the Global Business Coalition (GBC) on HIV/AIDS, galvanizing the business response to AIDS, TB and Malaria. In 2005, UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan appointed him founding chair of the Global Media AIDS Initiative, negotiating airtime commitments to fight AIDS.
He is the Founding Chair of the MTV Staying Alive Foundation, which provides young people with resources at the grassroots level in combination with MTV’s award-winning HIV/AIDS programming. In 2011, Bill expanded on his HIV/AIDS work by building a portfolio of Global Health initiatives, reaching the far corners of the world. All have added COVID-19 to their missions.
He became the Chair of AmfAR, joining in 2010, in its scientific research for a cure to AIDS. amfAR has invested over $500m in prevention, treatment and care, helping to save lives affected by HIV/AIDS. Its recent support includes ground-breaking gene therapy and multiple clinical trials in the road to find a cure. In parallel, he was appointed the first Envoy for the Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunizations (GAVI), founded by Bill and Melinda Gates, rising to Vice Chair in 2018. GAVI has provided multiple vaccinations to over 700 million children, saving millions of lives and improving overall health care systems. Through the Covax Facility, Gavi has launched an all-out effort to ensure equitable global access and help end the Covid 19 pandemic.
He works with the Global Health Corps (founded by Barbara Bush) and Seed Global Health (founded by Vanessa Kerry), bringing health care executives and medical staff to Africa. He also works with Goldie Hawn with her MindUp initiative, targeting children in primary schools.
Geopolitically, he supports Seeds of Peace, is a member of the Council of Foreign Relations and advises the State Department. He has also been appointed a Churchill Fellow, delivering the Green lecture known as Winston Churchill’s “Iron Curtain” speech. His education roles include the boards of the American School of London (20 years) and the Berlin School of Creative leadership. His business roles include Senior Advisor to two private equity firms, Lionsgate Motion Pictures and several tech start-ups.
His awards include an Emmy Founders Award, the Leadership Business Award presented by US President Bill Clinton, amfAR’s Award of Courage, Doctors of the World Leadership Award and the UN Correspondents Association Global Citizen of the Year Award presented by UN Secretary-General Ban–Ki-Moon. He has also given numerous commencement addresses with two honorary doctorate degrees. In 2020 he was selected as a ‘Distinguished Graduate of West Point’.
He is an Exec Producer of the film documentary ‘Battle of amfAR’, and the author of ‘What Makes Business Rock’, a CNBC Best Book of summer 2011.
As a Senior Advisor for Government Relations at RTI International, Aaron Williams provides expertise and support for efforts to strengthen RTI’s relationship with federal and state government agencies, policymakers, and elected officials. In this role, he draws on his extensive experience with both RTI and the federal government.
Mr. Williams joined RTI in 2003, as vice president of international business development, and held that position until 2009. He served as executive vice president of RTI’s international development group from 2012-2015, then stepped in as executive vice president for government relations and corporate communications. His long and distinguished career in public service and the private sector began with three years of service as a Peace Corps volunteer in the Dominican Republic. He served as a senior official at the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), where he reached the rank of career minister in the Senior Foreign Service. His awards include the USAID Distinguished Career Service Award and the Presidential Award for Distinguished Service. In 2009 he was appointed by President Barack Obama as Director of the U.S. Peace Corps, serving in that role through 2012.
Mr. Williams has extensive experience in the strategic design and management of assistance programs in Latin America, Africa, Asia, and the Middle East. He is a frequent lecturer and panelist on international development topics at universities, research and policy institutes, and at US and global conferences.
Mr. Williams is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations, serves on the Board of Directors of the Ron Brown Scholar Program, Seed Global Health, ChildFund International, George Washington University – Elliott School of International Affairs’ Advisory Board, and is a board member of the U.S. Global Leadership Campaign. He has also served on the boards of directors of CARE, the National Peace Corps Association, and the Institute for Sustainable Communities.
Mr. Williams served on the Obama-Biden transition team. In 2015, he was appointed by President Barack Obama as the U.S. Alternative Representative to the executive board of the United Nations children’s fund (UNICEF). He is a frequent lecturer and panelist on international development topics at universities, research and policy institutes, and U.S. and global conferences. During his tenure as Peace Corps director, he led White House delegations to the 2012 presidential inauguration in Guatemala and to the bicentennial celebration of the independence of Paraguay in 2011.
Dr. Rose Chalo Nabirye is a registered nurse/midwife. A former Dean of the School of Health Sciences, Makerere College of Health Sciences, she is currently a Senior Lecturer in the Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences at Makerere University. As a lecturer, she has supervised and mentored many undergraduate and graduate medical and nursing students.
Before joining academia in 2003, Dr. Nabirye was a clinical nurse/midwife in a variety of settings, including Mulago National Referral and Teaching Hospital. She also served as a Manager in Masaka district from 2000 to 2003 under the Early Childhood Development Project, a national programme that enabled her to gain experience working with communities and local governments. Throughout her career, Dr. Nabirye has actively engaged in research to contribute towards improvement of nursing/midwifery care and healthcare delivery. Her training and experience as a nurse/midwife in various positions has enabled her to gain managerial skills, working in interdisciplinary teams and with communities. In addition, she has previously served on several boards/governing councils including Mulago Health Tutors College, Mulago School of Nursing and Midwifery, Uganda Nurses and Midwives Council, and Peace Corps Uganda Project Advisory Committee. She is a council member of the African Forum for Research and Education in Health (AFREhealth) and a fellow of the Uganda Academy of Sciences. At AFREhealth, she is focused on building the capacity of nurses and midwives to conduct research to improve nursing and midwifery services. She also raises the profile of nurses and midwives through her participation in the National Steering Committee of “Nursing Now Campaign” among others.
Dr. Nabirye has a BSN, an advanced diploma in health services management, an MPH, and a PhD in Nursing.
Vincent Oketcho is a public health specialist with extensive expertise in human resources planning and management. He is the Chief of Party of the Strengthening Human Resources for Health Project implemented by IntraHealth International, supporting strategic data-based HRH policy, planning, and management at the Ministry of Health and in the districts. Prior to joining IntraHealth, Dr. Oketcho worked with the EU-funded Developing Human Resources for Health Project as a Senior Human Resources Advisor based at the Ministry of Health (MOH). Working with other international consultants, he supported the MOH to develop HRH policy and long-term strategic plan which now provide a framework for systematic HRH development and management. In collaboration with consultants from Keele University and Uganda Martyrs’ University, he facilitated the introduction of Workload Indicators of Staffing Needs methodology in Uganda as a tool for HRH planning and management. He initiated and nurtured a culture of needs driven training cycles and built capacity for training needs assessment at the MOH as well as at the district level. Dr. Oketcho introduced digitalized absenteeism tracking in Uganda to improve attendance to duty by health workers, e-recruitment to improve efficiency in the recruitment of health workers, and e-libraries to improve availability and access to learning resources for health workers in remote districts. He professionalized human resource management and strengthened capacity for HRH planning and management at national and sub-national levels. Dr. Oketcho also served as Primary Health Care Training Programme Coordinator and Country Director for the African Medical and Research Foundation from 1999 to 2004. Before then, he worked as an Assistant Commissioner of Health Services for Human Resources Development at the MOH for nine years. Dr. Oketcho is a medical graduate of Makerere University. He has a master’s degree in community health and a postgraduate diploma in public health.
Professor Francis Omaswa is the Executive Director of the African Centre for Global Health and Social Transformation, an initiative incorporated in Uganda and promoted by a network of African and international leaders in health and development. Until May 2008, he was a Special Adviser to the WHO Director General and founding Executive Director of the Global Health Workforce Alliance (GHWA). Before joining GHWA, he was the Director General for Health Services in the Ministry of Health in Uganda. Professor Omaswa was responsible for coordinating and implementing major reforms in the health sector in Uganda which included the introduction of a SWAP, quality assurance, and decentralization. Among his many accomplishments and leadership roles in the global health community, he was founding chair, and later served as Vice Chairman, of the Global Stop TB Partnership; was one of the architects of the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, TB, and Malaria, and served as Chair of the Portfolio and Procurement Committee of the Global Fund Board; was a member of the steering committee of the High Level Forum on Health-Related MDGs; and, he participated in the drafting the Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness. Professor Omaswa is a graduate of Makerere Medical School, a Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh, Founding President of the College of Surgeons of East, Central, and Southern Africa, and is a Senior Associate at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. He is also the Chancellor of Busitema University.
|
|||||
7733
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 23
|
https://kids.kiddle.co/Kofi_Annan
|
en
|
Kofi Annan facts for kids
|
[
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/wk/kids-robot.svg",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/wk/kids-search-engine.svg",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/thumb/1/1a/Kofi_Annan.jpg/300px-Kofi_Annan.jpg",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/thumb/b/b8/Kofi_Annan_Signature.svg/128px-Kofi_Annan_Signature.svg.png",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/thumb/2/2c/Kofi_Annan_Portrait.JPG/300px-Kofi_Annan_Portrait.JPG",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/thumb/7/72/Kofi_Annan_2012_%28cropped%29.jpg/300px-Kofi_Annan_2012_%28cropped%29.jpg",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/thumb/f/f8/President_Vladimir_Putin_with_UN_Secretary_General_Kofi_Annan.jpg/300px-President_Vladimir_Putin_with_UN_Secretary_General_Kofi_Annan.jpg",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/thumb/f/f1/Kofi_Annan_in_Washington_D.C.jpg/300px-Kofi_Annan_in_Washington_D.C.jpg",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/thumb/7/7e/Rice_and_Annan.jpg/120px-Rice_and_Annan.jpg",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/thumb/1/1b/Kofi_Annan_%282018%29.jpg/90px-Kofi_Annan_%282018%29.jpg",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/thumb/8/83/Ranjit_Bhaskar_Juba%2C_jan_9%2C_2011042_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg/120px-Ranjit_Bhaskar_Juba%2C_jan_9%2C_2011042_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/thumb/5/5f/Kids_robot.svg/60px-Kids_robot.svg.png",
"https://kids.kiddle.co/images/wk/kids-search-engine.svg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
Learn Kofi Annan facts for kids
|
en
|
/images/wk/favicon-16x16.png
|
https://kids.kiddle.co/Kofi_Annan
|
Kofi Annan (8 April 1938 – 18 August 2018) was a Ghanaian diplomat. He served as the seventh Secretary-General of the United Nations, from 1 January 1997 to 31 December 2006. Annan and the United Nations were the co-recipients of the 2001 Nobel Peace Prize. They were awarded the prize "for their work for a better organized and more peaceful world".
Early life
Annan was born in Kumasi, Ghana, to an elite family. His parents, Henry Reginald and Victoria Annan, are from the two major ethnic groups that make up the Akan – one of the groups of indigenous people of Ghana.
His father was half Asante and half Fante; his mother was Fante. The Asante were gold merchants while the Fante tribe were the middlemen in the gold trade between the Asante and the British.
Annan, whose first name means "born on a Friday", also had a twin sister, who died in 1991 from a still yet unknown disease. In Ghanaian culture, twins are considered special and are adored.
Annan probably got his first lessons in politics and diplomacy early on from his family. Both of Annan's grandfathers and his uncle were tribal chiefs. Upon his retirement, Annan's father, who worked as an export manager for the cocoa exporter Lever Brothers, was elected governor of Ghana's Asante province.
Education
In 1954, Annan attended Mfantsipim School, an Methodist boarding school in central Ghana. The Secretary-General said that the school had taught him "that suffering anywhere concerns people everywhere".
Annan went to Macalaster College in St. Paul, Minnesota and graduating in 1961. He was a Sloan Fellow at MIT in 1971–72, getting a master's degree in management.
His work at the United Nations
Annan became Secretary-General of the United Nations in January 1997, succeeding Boutros Boutros-Ghali of Egypt. Annan was a U.N. veteran who took his first job with the organization in 1962 and worked his way up through various posts including Deputy Director to the U.N. High Commissioner for Refugees (1980–83) and head of the U.N.'s peacekeeping efforts (1995–96). Annan was the first Secretary-General chosen from the ranks of the U.N.'s staff. He is also the first black man to hold the post and the second African (after Boutros-Ghali). His second term began in 2002 and ran through the end of 2006.
In 2001 he and the United Nations were awarded the Nobel Peace Prize "for their work for a better organized and more peaceful world".
Post-UN career
After he served as UN secretary-general, Annan took up residence in Geneva and worked in a leading capacity on various international humanitarian endeavours.
In 2007, Annan established the Kofi Annan Foundation, an independent, not-for-profit organisation that "works to promote better global governance and strengthen the capacities of people and countries to achieve a fairer, more secure world".
Annan served as the chair of the Global Commission on Elections, Democracy and Security. The commission was launched in May 2011 as a joint initiative of the Kofi Annan Foundation and the International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance. It comprised 12 eminent individuals from around the world, including Ernesto Zedillo, Martti Ahtisaari, Madeleine Albright and Amartya Sen, and aimed to highlight the importance of the integrity of elections to achieving a more secure, prosperous and stable world. The Commission released its final report, Deepening Democracy, a Strategy to Improve the Integrity of Elections Worldwide, in September 2012.
Other activities
In addition to the above, Annan also became involved with several organisations with both global and African focuses, including the following:
United Nations Foundation, member of the board of directors (2008–2018)
University of Ghana, chancellor (2008–2018)
School of International and Public Affairs of Columbia University, global fellow (2009–2018)
The Committee on Global Thought at Columbia University, fellow
Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy at the National University of Singapore (NUS), Li Ka Shing Professor (2009–2018)
Global Centre for Pluralism, member of the board of directors (2010–2018)
Mo Ibrahim Prize for Achievement in African Leadership, chairman of the prize committee (2007–2018)
Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa (AGRA), chairman (2007–2018)
Global Humanitarian Forum, founder and president (2007–2018)
Global Commission on Drug Policy, founding commissioner.
Annan served as chair of The Elders, a group of independent global leaders who work together on peace and human rights issues.
Annan chaired the Africa Progress Panel (APP), a group of ten distinguished individuals who advocate at the highest levels for equitable and sustainable development in Africa.
Memorials and legacy
The United Nations Postal Administration released a new stamp in memory of Annan on 31 May 2019. His portrait on the stamp was designed by artist Martin Mörck. The Kofi Annan International Peacekeeping Training Centre and the Ghana-India Kofi Annan Centre of Excellence in ICT, both in Accra, are named in his honour. The Kofi Annan University of Guinea [fr] is named after him.
Personal life
Annan was married to Nane Annan, a lawyer and artist from Sweden. Mr Annan also had a loyal friend who was his son's (Kojo) chaffuffer and confidant John Miller (Mr Miller).
Death
Annan died on 18 August 2018 in Bern, Switzerland after a short illness, aged 80.
Related pages
List of African scientists by country
Images for kids
Annan with US secretary of state Condoleezza Rice in 2006
Annan during the 54th Munich Security Conference in February 2018
Annan during the South Sudanese independence referendum with fellow elder Jimmy Carter, 2011
See also
|
|||||
7733
|
dbpedia
|
3
| 80
|
https://www.topmba.com/admissions/financing-your-mba/kofi-annan-scholarship-responsible-leadership-and-classroom-diversity
|
en
|
Kofi Annan Scholarship: Responsible Leadership and Classroom Diversity
|
[
"https://pool.admedo.com/pixel?id=136039&t=img",
"https://www.topmba.com/themes/custom/tu_d8/logo_tm.svg",
"https://www.topmba.com/themes/custom/tu_d8/images/user-icon-white.svg",
"https://www.topmba.com/themes/custom/tu_d8/images/close-icon-button.png",
"https://www.topmba.com/themes/custom/tu_d8/images/Success_img.gif",
"https://www.topmba.com/sites/default/files/styles/40x40/public/externals/19e30c020d4282e7bb1eceef3d5d4dd5.jpg.webp",
"https://www.topmba.com/sites/default/files/styles/articles_inline/public/articles/lead-images/kofi_annan_scholarship_esmt.jpg.webp",
"https://www.topmba.com/sites/default/files/styles/articles_inline/public/articles/lead-images/kofi_annan_scholarship_esmt.jpg.webp",
"https://www.topmba.com/sites/default/files/qs.topmba/files/ernest_gyimah_kofi_annan_mba_scholarship_winners.jpg",
"https://www.topmba.com/sites/default/files/qs.topmba/files/bevin_ngara_kofi_annan_mba_scholarship_winners.jpg",
"https://www.topmba.com/sites/default/files/styles/40x40/public/externals/19e30c020d4282e7bb1eceef3d5d4dd5.jpg.webp",
"https://www.topmba.com/themes/custom/tu_d8/images/share_fb.png",
"https://www.topmba.com/themes/custom/tu_d8/images/x-twitter.webp",
"https://www.topmba.com/themes/custom/tu_d8/images/share_linked.png",
"https://www.topmba.com/themes/custom/tu_d8/images/share_whatsapp.png",
"https://www.topmba.com/themes/custom/tu_d8/images/share_mail.png",
"https://www.topmba.com/themes/custom/tu_d8/images/share_url.png",
"https://www.topmba.com/themes/custom/tu_d8/images/share_fb.png",
"https://www.topmba.com/themes/custom/tu_d8/images/x-twitter.webp",
"https://www.topmba.com/themes/custom/tu_d8/images/share_linked.png",
"https://www.topmba.com/themes/custom/tu_d8/images/share_whatsapp.png",
"https://www.topmba.com/themes/custom/tu_d8/images/share_mail.png",
"https://www.topmba.com/themes/custom/tu_d8/images/share_url.png",
"https://www.topmba.com/sites/default/files/styles/views_count_article/public/articles/lead-images/istock-506700640.jpg.webp",
"https://www.topmba.com/sites/default/files/styles/40x40/public/externals/78ffb876e71fd93510cf01601b6185a4.jpg.webp",
"https://www.topmba.com/sites/default/files/styles/views_count_article/public/blogs/lead-images/american_football_kellogg_super_bowl_resized_0.jpg.webp",
"https://www.topmba.com/sites/default/files/styles/40x40/public/externals/8779e45e0dc9bdc1b03d2ff0802be07a.jpg.webp",
"https://www.topmba.com/sites/default/files/styles/views_count_article/public/articles/lead-images/cropped_coffee.jpg.webp",
"https://www.topmba.com/sites/default/files/styles/40x40/public/externals/489fb507f645f37b8ae15a2d0e91993e.jpg.webp",
"https://www.topmba.com/sites/default/files/styles/views_count_article/public/articles/lead-images/warehouse-managers-and-worker-discussing-with-laptop-picture-id653174280.jpg.webp",
"https://www.topmba.com/sites/default/files/styles/40x40/public/externals/8779e45e0dc9bdc1b03d2ff0802be07a.jpg.webp",
"https://www.topmba.com/sites/default/files/styles/views_count_article/public/articles/lead-images/istock-669299350.jpg.webp",
"https://www.topmba.com/themes/custom/tu_d8/images/user-default.png",
"https://www.topmba.com/sites/default/files/styles/views_count_article/public/articles/lead-images/mbasalaries.jpg.webp",
"https://www.topmba.com/sites/default/files/styles/40x40/public/externals/70c16f3f3ef559c715f56f4745da5045.jpg.webp",
"https://www.topmba.com/sites/default/files/styles/views_count_article/public/articles/lead-images/mbasalaries.jpg.webp",
"https://www.topmba.com/sites/default/files/styles/40x40/public/externals/70c16f3f3ef559c715f56f4745da5045.jpg.webp",
"https://www.topmba.com/sites/default/files/styles/views_count_article/public/articles/lead-images/istock-669299350.jpg.webp",
"https://www.topmba.com/themes/custom/tu_d8/images/user-default.png",
"https://www.topmba.com/sites/default/files/styles/views_count_article/public/articles/lead-images/warehouse-managers-and-worker-discussing-with-laptop-picture-id653174280.jpg.webp",
"https://www.topmba.com/sites/default/files/styles/40x40/public/externals/8779e45e0dc9bdc1b03d2ff0802be07a.jpg.webp",
"https://www.topmba.com/themes/custom/tu_d8/images/x-twitter.webp",
"https://www.topmba.com/themes/custom/tu_d8/images/signup/universities.svg",
"https://www.topmba.com/themes/custom/tu_d8/images/signup/programs.svg",
"https://www.topmba.com/themes/custom/tu_d8/images/signup/events.svg",
"https://www.topmba.com/themes/custom/tu_d8/images/signup/countries.svg",
"https://www.topmba.com/themes/custom/tu_d8/images/signup/signup-banner.svg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"1 1"
] |
2016-04-30T00:00:00
|
The ESMT Kofi Annan MBA Scholarship targets leaders from developing countries in order to help them make a difference.
|
en
|
/themes/custom/tu_d8/favicon.ico
|
TopMBA.com
|
https://www.topmba.com/admissions/financing-your-mba/kofi-annan-scholarship-responsible-leadership-and-classroom-diversity
|
“Responsible leadership is something we put a strong emphasis on at ESMT,” reflects Stephanie Kluth, head of admissions at the European School of Management and Technology. It is for this reason that ESMT chose to become part of the Kofi Annan Business Schools Foundation, along with four other business schools around Europe.
The aim of the organization is to encourage applicants from developing countries (those listed as LDCs or LLDCs by the UN, or Palestine) to apply to the participating schools by offering MBA scholarships. The total value of the Kofi Annan Fellowship offered by ESMT is €58,000 – around US$78,750 – which covers tuition, accommodation and other associated program costs. Up to three are on offer annually. The successful applicants can then return to their home countries and use put what they’ve learned into practice.
“One of the biggest desires of ESMT’s founding dean Wulff Plinke is to get more people from developing countries to learn about responsible leadership, so they can contribute. He stepped down as dean in 2011, and spends a good deal of time now trying to recruit these students, and raising funds for scholarships with the help of corporate partners and the friends of ESMT.”
As well as the fellows themselves, and the economies to which they will return, the rest of the class benefits from the presence of these MBA scholarship winners. “They bring a different perspective. Though they tend to come from similar professional backgrounds, they have lived and worked in a very different environment, in which different factors will impact the way business is done. This shakes up the perceptions of students from a European or North American background.”
Accordingly, the selection process for the MBA scholarship also looks for a two way fit. “What we’re really looking for is why they want to do an MBA; if we can contribute to their career plans, and at the same time, if they can contribute to the class. The MBA should be enriching for the person and the person should be enriching for ESMT,” explains Kluth.
Applicants to the scholarship must show a willingness to make a positive impact in their home countries post graduation – though Kluth adds that they may build some experience in Europe first.
While working in the development or non-profit sector might well be a boon, she adds, it is not necessarily the main criterion – indeed, this is very rare in applicants, though with the network steadily growing, it may be more the case in the future.
“We would like to develop ESMT’s network in developing countries. We want the fellows to assist each other, and help develop an entrepreneurial spirit in their home countries,” Kluth concludes. “Hopefully this will lead to an increase of students from these regions who attend business school, who can then also take back the merits you get from an MBA, returning with business skills as well as a sense of responsible leadership.”
Profile: Kofi Annan MBA Scholarship winners
Ernest Gyimah
Ernest Gyimah, from Ghana, received offers from a number of business schools in Europe and the US, but the offer of full funding from ESMT really opened the doors for him. “It is such a great package for anyone anywhere in the world, especially for business graduate education, which receives very low financing globally.”
He is confident that he was a standout candidate for the MBA scholarship, and it was his leadership potential which allowed him to catch the eye of ESMT – though he also believes his faith played a part!
“I had a great experience and 2012 will remain a landmark year in my life,” he reflects, adding that working with people from diverse backgrounds was the thing from which he really gained.
Since graduating, he has helped foster development in Africa, working as a visiting associate for the African Development Corporation. He also gives back to ESMT, helping other students enjoy the same opportunity he did.
“For people in developing countries, the Kofi Annan MBA scholarship helps to eliminate a big barrier that prevents any potentially excellent students from improving their education. This also means the fellow will be able to bring his or her experience back home.”
There is no shortage of excellent businesspeople in Ghana, he adds – the challenges lie elsewhere. “I think the main thing that businesses in Ghana need is adequate infrastructure and energy supply.”
Does he have any advice for future applicants to the scheme? “I think all those seeking the Kofi Annan scholarship should be prepared to prove that they deserve it; during the application process, when they are in school and even after. It's a privilege to be Kofi Annan fellow, so fellows should look forward to it with great joy.”
Bevin Ngara
“This was a once in a lifetime opportunity for me. I was never going to raise €60,000 for a world class education, and to afford a global scale experience,” reflects Bevin Ngara, from Zimbabwe.
A fit between his values of responsible leadership and those of ESMT won the day for him, he feels. “I believe that I was able to demonstrate clearly how I was going to live the spirit of the fellowship after highlighting my ideas about pursuing private equity initiatives with a social impact.”
He describes his experience as “unbelievable” and speaks glowingly of the diversity in the class, as well as a field trip to Silicon Valley and the INTOPIA business simulation.
Immediately after completing the program, Ngara started giving back. “The ESMT Responsible Leaders fellowship allows ESMT Alumni an opportunity to volunteer on pro-bono basis giving services to disadvantaged communities in developing world as lecturers or project manager. I went to volunteer at TSIBA Education in Cape Town as a lecturer, entrepreneurship consultant, and project manager.”
He now works at a local firm in asset management. His first initiative there was to launch a US$10 million microfinance fund, the goal of which is to, “unlock liquidity to the under-banked sectors of Zimbabwe, as well as to return excess returns to investors”.
So, what in his opinion is needed to advance the cause of business in Zimbabwe? “Leadership! Zimbabwe has an educated workforce as well as abundant natural resources, but lacks the leadership to guide these resources into profitable sustainable businesses. Such leadership is also greatly needed in the political space.”
The Kofi Annan MBA scholarship and similar schemes can play a key role in addressing this shortfall. “Our community could do much better with young leaders that are exposed to western training and education. This is, however, expensive, so therefore initiatives such as the Kofi Annan Scholarship become priceless.”
|
||||
7733
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 76
|
https://www.admitkard.com/blog/massachusetts-institute-of-technology/
|
en
|
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), USA 2021
|
[
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/ff8c99e0210e14149dff7f1b9a597bb3?s=96&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/55ccaf253c27ca64045ef4ab79969553?s=96&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/4a7101e8c27c3b8e1c28b56bf7b89802?s=96&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://blog-res.admitkard.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/20151618/image4-12.png",
"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/55ccaf253c27ca64045ef4ab79969553?s=96&d=identicon&r=g",
"https://d3toi7c4ip49i3.cloudfront.net/img/logo/whatsapp2-01-01.png",
"https://i.imgur.com/CY4vy7d.png"
] |
[
"https://www.youtube.com/embed/RFu_a6fHHo0?feature=oembed&enablejsapi=1&origin=https://www.admitkard.com"
] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Piyush Bhartiya"
] |
2020-02-14T11:38:08+05:30
|
Massachusetts Institute of Technology is a world-renowned university known for its rigorous curriculum, outstanding faculty and research.
|
en
|
AdmitKard
|
https://www.admitkard.com/blog/massachusetts-institute-of-technology/
|
The Massachusetts Institute of Technology is a private research university located in Cambridge, Massachusetts. The university was established in 1861 and since then has played a major role in developing modern technology. It has been ranked consistently among the top institutes in the world. MIT in USA, is an independent and co-educational university structured into five different schools(architecture and planning; engineering; science; management and humanities, arts and social sciences.) The University has been ranked #1 in QS Global World Rankings 2022.
Why study at MIT?
Massachusetts Institute of Technology is a world-renowned university known for its rigorous curriculum, outstanding faculty and excellent research. When you look for a job, an MIT degree or diploma will impress the employer even before you speak. Around 75 Nobel laureates and 33 National Medal of Science receivers have been affiliated with the university at some point or the other. You will be able to work and study with some of the most brilliant minds and be a part of cutting-edge research programs as a freshman.
Massachusetts Institute of Technology Acceptance Rate
Massachusetts Institute of Technology is quite selective when it comes to admitting students. It has an acceptance rate of 7% and an early acceptance rate of around 7.4%. Almost 50% of the candidates score between 1510 – 1580 in SATs or 34 and 36 in ACTs.
Eligibility for Massachusetts Institute of Technology
In order to apply for MIT, applicants must meet eligibility for Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Applicants whose first language is not English must provide proof of their ability to pursue their studies in English. Applicants must either take TOEFL or IELTS. A minimum TOEFL score of 90 i.e. 577 paper-based is required by MIT. The minimum score requirement for IELTS is determined by the specific department. Additionally, students also have to take the English Evaluation Test(EET) a week prior to registration day. This test identifies the strengths and weaknesses of students in written and oral English.
To get into the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, students need to have an almost perfect GPA, high scores on the ACT and SAT and extracurricular activities that allow them to demonstrate their leadership and commitment abilities. Students are also required to write an essay that tells a compelling story of you and your thoughts while demonstrating your creative and exceptional writing skills.
Requirements for Massachusetts Institute of Technology
For application at the undergraduate level, students are required to submit the following:
Online Application
Application fee of $75
High school transcripts
ACT or SAT score
Letter of Recommendation
Statement of Purpose
Interview
CV or Resume.
An applicant should have a Bachelor’s degree or an equivalent from an acceptable college or university to apply for a graduate program.
The application process varies between various departments but the general requirements are:
Online application submission
An application fee of $75. Students applying to MIT Sloan School of Management may have an application fee ranging between $75 and $250.
Statement of Purpose
Letters of Recommendation
Official TOEFL or IELTS score
Official GRE scores
Transcripts
CV or resume.
Massachusetts Institute of Technology Admission Process
The admission process for international students is similar to the one for domestic students. The only exception is that international students need to provide proof of English Language Proficiency. The process of immigration is addressed after a formal offer of admission is received from the particular institution.
Students applying to undergraduate courses need to apply through the MIT application portal. This portal requires the students to submit all the necessary documents along with the application form. Applications are reviewed by a senior admissions officer who will consider your application holistically. It might also be evaluated by an additional admissions officer if required. They will later summarise the student’s profile for the Admissions Committee after which it is forwarded to the Selection Committee. An educational counsellor will contact the student if he/she is selected. They’ll be given an interview slot through email. The interview round is not compulsory as the university has very limited slots available. If it is not possible to schedule an interview, the application of the student is not affected.
Students applying at the graduate level can apply through the GradApply online student portal. In order to apply to Sloan School of Management, they have to follow a different application process as stated by the school.
Check out : Admission Requirements For Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Courses in Massachusetts Institute of Technology
The Massachusetts Institute of Technology offers several programs leading to officially recognized degrees like bachelor degrees, master degrees and doctoral degrees in several study areas.
Massachusetts Institute of Technology offers a Master’s degree in various fields like:
Environmental Studies and Earth Sciences
Computer Science and IT
Journalism and Media
Applied Sciences and Professions
Humanities
Medicine and Health
Business & Management
Engineering & Technology
Arts, Design and Architecture
Social Sciences
Natural Sciences and Mathematics
At the undergraduate level, the institute offers full-time four-year degree programs to students. There are 44 different undergraduate degrees offered across its five schools.
Massachusetts Institute of Technology Fees
The fees structure for studying at MIT varies from course to course. Below is a table that highlights the course duration and fees per year for each
Check out : All courses & details for MIT
Scholarships for Massachusetts Institute of Technology
The Massachusetts Institute of Technology offers scholarships to students solely on the basis of financial needs. It comes from gifts from MIT alumni and friends, endowment and MIT general funds. Around 60% of students at the undergraduate level receive MIT scholarships. The average grant for 2020 – 2021 was $45146. Students who apply for financial aid and fill up the CSS profile are automatically considered for scholarships at MIT. If a student receives an MIT scholarship, they are asked to fill an annual Student Information Review Form so that they can be matched to the right scholarship from the right donor.
MBA in Massachusetts Institute of Technology
The MBA program at MIT puts students in enviable positions to experience academic, personal and professional growth exponentially. Students have an option to pursue specialised tracks in Finance, Entrepreneurship and Innovation and Enterprise Management along with the option of pursuing certificate courses in either Sustainability or Healthcare. At the end of the MBA program, students receive an MBA degree or a Master’s in Science degree(SM) if they complete an optional thesis option. The course duration is 2 years and the tuition fees in INR is around 56.9 L.
Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology
The MIT School of Engineering has eight different academic departments along with two interdisciplinary institutes. The MIT SoE grants MEng, SB, SM engineering degrees as well as PhD or ScD degrees. Considering the number of enrollments and faculty members the MIT School of Engineering is the largest out of the five schools of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Massachusetts Institute of Technology Architecture
The department of architecture at MIT offers two degree programs at the undergraduate level: Bachelor of Science in Architecture(BSA), Course 4 in either of the five disciplines i.e. Architecture Design, Building Technology, Computation, Theory, History, and Criticism of Architecture and Art, Computation and Culture and Technology) and a Bachelors of Science in Architectural Studies (SBAS), Course 4 – B which is an interdisciplinary program. This department offers five graduate degree courses namely MArch, M.S. Arch.S., SMBT, SMACT and PhD in three research areas.
Massachusetts institute of Technology Notable Alumni
The Massachusetts Institute of Technology is firmly established among the most prestigious universities of the world.
Some of the top tech school’s successful alumni include
Buzz Aldrin
Ilene S. Gordon
Richard Feynman
Jonah Peretti
Shirley Ann Jackson
Robin Chase
Kofi Annan
Katharine McCormick
Michael J. Massimo
Andrea Wong
|
|||||
7733
|
dbpedia
|
3
| 79
|
https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo/kofi-annan.html
|
en
|
res stock photography and images
|
[
"https://s.alamy.com/logos/1.68.0/alamy.svg",
"https://s.alamy.com/logos/1.68.0/alamy-black.svg",
"https://s.alamy.com/logos/1.68.0/alamy-black.svg",
"https://s.alamy.com/logos/1.68.0/alamy.svg",
"https://s.alamy.com/assets/latest/footer/mastercard.svg",
"https://s.alamy.com/assets/latest/footer/visa.svg",
"https://s.alamy.com/assets/latest/footer/amex.svg",
"https://s.alamy.com/assets/latest/footer/paypal.svg",
"https://s.alamy.com/assets/latest/footer/apple-pay.svg",
"https://s.alamy.com/assets/latest/footer/google-pay.svg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Alamy Limited"
] | null |
Find the perfect kofi annan stock photo, image, vector, illustration or 360 image. Available for both RF and RM licensing.
|
en
|
Alamy
|
https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo/kofi-annan.html
|
Alamy and its logo are trademarks of Alamy Ltd. and are registered in certain countries. Copyright © 18/08/2024 Alamy Ltd. All rights reserved.
|
|||||
7733
|
dbpedia
|
0
| 7
|
https://www.doradolist.com/blog/famous-mit-graduates/
|
en
|
Famous MIT Graduates
|
[
"https://www.doradolist.com/images/logo.png",
"https://www.doradolist.com/images/client/client-1.png",
"https://www.doradolist.com/images/blog/blog-post-2.jpg",
"https://www.doradolist.com/images/blog/Buzz-Aldrin.webp",
"https://www.doradolist.com/images/blog/Kofi-Annan.webp",
"https://www.doradolist.com/images/blog/Ben-Bernanke.webp",
"https://www.doradolist.com/images/blog/Robin-Chase.webp",
"https://www.doradolist.com/images/blog/Richard-Feynman.webp",
"https://www.doradolist.com/images/blog/Bill-Hewlett.webp",
"https://www.doradolist.com/images/blog/Drew-Houston.webp",
"https://www.doradolist.com/images/blog/Shirley-Ann-Jackson.webp",
"https://www.doradolist.com/images/blog/Michael-Massimino.webp",
"https://www.doradolist.com/images/blog/Jonah-Peretti.webp",
"https://www.doradolist.com/images/logo.png"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
List of Famous MIT Graduates
|
en
|
images/favicon.png
| null |
As we have shown on the top universities ranking page MIT has been consistently among the best technical universities in the world. So it is expected that such a prestigious university produces famous and high impact graduates. Here we look at the name of some of these famous graduates.
Buzz Aldrin
Buzz Aldrin (born Edwin Eugene Aldrin Jr.; January 20, 1930) is an American engineer and former astronaut. As the Lunar Module Pilot on Apollo 11, he was one of the first two humans to land on the Moon, and the second person to walk on it. He set foot on the Moon at 03:15:16 on July 21, 1969 (UTC), following mission commander Neil Armstrong. He is a former U.S. Air Force officer with the Command Pilot rating. He also went into orbit on the Gemini 12 mission, finally achieving the goals for EVA (space-walk work) that paved the way to the Moon and success for the Gemini program; he spent over five hours on EVA on that mission.
After graduating from Montclair High School in 1947, Aldrin turned down a full scholarship offer from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (which he would later attend for graduate school), and went to the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York. The nickname “Buzz” originated in childhood: the younger of his two elder sisters mispronounced “brother” as “buzzer”, and this was shortened to Buzz. Aldrin made it his legal first name in 1988.
Aldrin is on the National Space Society’s Board of Governors, and has served as the organization’s Chairman; an inductee of the U.S. Astronaut Hall of Fame, National Aviation Hall of Fameand the International Space Hall of Fame; and a member of The Planetary Society, with Aldrin’s pre-recorded voice appearing on nearly every episode of the Society’s Planetary Radio.
Awards:
Civilian awards and decorations include the Robert J. Collier Trophy, the Dr. Robert H. Goddard Memorial Trophy, and the Harmon Trophy.
Recipients of the Langley Gold Medal from the Smithsonian Institution in 1999.
The crater Aldrin on the Moon near the Apollo 11 landing site and Asteroid 6470 Aldrin are named in his honor.
Received an Honorary Doctorate of Science from Gustavus Adolphus College in 1967.
Inducted into the Scandinavian-American Hall of Fame, a signature event of Norsk Høstfest in1985.
Honored on a United States postage stamp in 1994. The 29¢ stamp, commemorating the silver anniversary of the landing, was based on a famous photograph of Aldrin, captured by Neil Armstrong, in which Aldrin’s face is obscured by his reflective visor. Postal rules at the time prohibited directly featuring living persons on stamps.
Appointed to the Commission on the Future of the United States Aerospace Industry by President Bush in 2001.
Received the 2003 Humanitarian Award from Variety, the Children’s Charity, which, according to the organization, “is given to an individual who has shown unusual understanding, empathy, and devotion to mankind.
The Space Foundation awarded Aldrin its highest honor, the General James E. Hill Lifetime Space Achievement Award in 2006.
Honored with Hollywood Walk of Fame.
Inducted into the New Jersey Hall of Fame in 2008.
President Obama signed legislation conferring the Congressional Gold Medal upon Aldrin and his Apollo 11 crewmates, Neil Armstrong and Michael Collins in 2009.
In a 2010 Space Foundation survey, Aldrin was ranked as the No. 9 (tied with astronauts Gus Grissom and Alan Shepard) most popular space hero.
Nominated for Best Cameo at the 2011 Scream Awards for his role playing himself in Transformers: Dark of the Moon.
Named as the Chancellor of the International Space University in 2015.
Aldrin’s hometown middle school in Montclair, New Jersey was renamed the Buzz Aldrin Middle School in 2016.
Kofi Annan
Kofi Atta Annan (born 8 April 1938) is a Ghanaian diplomat who served as the seventh Secretary-General of the United Nations from January 1997 to December 2006. Annan and the UN were the co-recipients of the 2001 Nobel Peace Prize. He is the founder and chairman of the Kofi Annan Foundation, as well as chairman of The Elders, an international organization founded by Nelson Mandela. Annan studied at the MIT Sloan School of Management (1971–72) in the Sloan Fellows program and earned a master’s degree in management.
Here are some of his awards:
2000: Kora All Africa Music Awards in the category of Lifetime Achievement
2001: Nobel Foundation, The Nobel Peace Prize, jointly presented to Kofi Annan and the United Nations
2002: winner of the “Profiles in Courage Award”, given by the JFK Memorial Museum
2002: The American Whig-Cliosophic Society James Madison Award for Distinguished Public Service
2003: Foreign Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
2003: Freedom Prize of the Max Schmidheiny Foundation at the University of St. Gallen
2004: Freedom medal
2006: International World Order of Culture, Science and Education, Award of the European Academy of Informatization, Belgium
2006: Inter Press Service, International Achievement Award for Annan’s lasting contributions to peace, security, and development
2006: Olof Palme Prize
2007: Wooden Crossbow, special award from the Swiss World Economic Forum
2007: People in Europe Award of Verlagsgruppe Passau
2007: MacArthur Foundation, MacArthur Award for International Justice
2007: North-South Prize of the Council of Europe
2008: Peace of Westphalia Prize
2008: Harvard University Honors Prize
2008: Gottlieb Duttweiler Prize
2008: Peace of Westphalia Prize – Münster (Westfalen)
2008: Open Society Award – CEU Business School Budapest
2011: Gothenburg Award
2012: Confucius Peace Prize
Ben Bernanke
Ben Shalom Bernanke (born December 13, 1953) is an American economist at the Brookings Institution who served two terms as Chairman of the Federal Reserve, the central bank of the United States, from 2006 to 2014. During his tenure as chairman, Bernanke oversaw the Federal Reserve’s response to the late-2000s financial crisis. Before becoming Federal Reserve chairman, Bernanke was a tenured professor at Princeton University and chaired the department of economics there from 1996 to September 2002, when he went on public service leave.
From August 5, 2002 until June 21, 2005, he was a member of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, proposed the Bernanke Doctrine, and first discussed “the Great Moderation” — the theory that traditional business cycles have declined in volatility in recent decades through structural changes that have occurred in the international economy, particularly increases in the economic stability of developing nations, diminishing the influence of macroeconomic (monetary and fiscal) policy.
Bernanke then served as chairman of President George W. Bush’s Council of Economic Advisers before President Bush nominated him to succeed Alan Greenspan as chairman of the United States Federal Reserve. His first term began February 1, 2006. Bernanke was confirmed for a second term as chairman on January 28, 2010, after being renominated by President Barack Obama, who later referred to him as “the epitome of calm.” His second term ended February 1, 2014, when he was succeeded by Janet Yellen.
Bernanke wrote about his time as chairman of the Federal Reserve in his 2015 book, The Courage to Act, in which he revealed that the world’s economy came close to collapse in 2007 and 2008. Bernanke asserts that it was only the novel efforts of the Fed (cooperating with other agencies and agencies of foreign governments) that prevented an economic catastrophe greater than the Great Depression.
Bernanke was educated at East Elementary, J.V. Martin Junior High, and Dillon High School, where he was class valedictorian and played saxophone in the marching band. Since Dillon High School did not offer calculus at the time, Bernanke taught it to himself. Bernanke scored 1590 out of 1600 on the SAT and was a National Merit Scholar.
Bernanke attended Harvard University, where he lived in Winthrop House, as did the future CEO of Goldman Sachs, Lloyd Blankfein, and graduated with an A.B. degree, and later with an A.M. in economics summa cum laude in 1975. He received a Ph.D. degree in Economics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1979 after completing and defending his dissertation, Long-Term Commitments, Dynamic Optimization, and the Business Cycle. Bernanke’s thesis adviser was the future governor of the Bank of Israel, Stanley Fischer, and his readers included Irwin S. Bernstein, Rüdiger Dornbusch, Robert Solow, and Peter Diamond of MIT and Dale Jorgenson of Harvard.
Some of his awards:
Fellow of the Econometric Society (1997)
Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (2001)
Order of the Palmetto (2006)
Distinguished Leadership in Government Award, Columbia Business School (2008)
In 2009, the South Carolina Department of Transportation (SCDOT) Commission approved a resolution on February 21 to name Exit 190 along Interstate Highway 95 in Dillon County the Ben Bernanke Interchange.
In 2009, he was named the TIME magazine person of the year.
Robin Chase
Robin Chase is a transportation entrepreneur. She is co-founder and former CEO of Zipcar. She is also the founder and former CEO of Buzzcar, a peer-to-peer car sharing service, acquired by Drivy. She also started the defunct GoLoco.org, a ride-sharing company. She is co-founder and Executive Chairman of Veniam, a vehicle network communications company. She authored the book, Peers Inc: How People and Platforms are Inventing the Collaborative Economy and Reinventing Capitalism. Chase is currently a Board member for the World Resources Institute, and the Nasdaq listed Tucows Inc.
Chase spent her childhood in the Middle East and graduated from Waterford Kamhlaba United World College of Southern Africa, Wellesley College (B.A.), and the MIT Sloan School of Management (M.B.A.), and won a Loeb Fellowship at the Harvard Graduate School of Design.
Awards:
Time’s 100 Most Influential People in 2009
Massachusetts Governor’s Award for Entrepreneurial Spirit
Start-up Woman of the Year
Business Week’s top 10 designers
Fast Company’s Fast 50 Champions of Innovation
Technology and innovation awards from Fortune, CIO
InfoWorld magazines
Richard Phillips Feynman
Richard Phillips Feynman (May 11, 1918 – February 15, 1988) was an American theoretical physicist known for his work in the path integral formulation of quantum mechanics, the theory of quantum electrodynamics, and the physics of the superfluidity of supercooled liquid helium, as well as in particle physics for which he proposed the parton model. For his contributions to the development of quantum electrodynamics, Feynman, jointly with Julian Schwinger and Shin’ichirō Tomonaga, received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1965.
Feynman developed a widely used pictorial representation scheme for the mathematical expressions governing the behavior of subatomic particles, which later became known as Feynman diagrams. During his lifetime, Feynman became one of the best-known scientists in the world. In a 1999 poll of 130 leading physicists worldwide by the British journal Physics World he was ranked as one of the ten greatest physicists of all time.
He assisted in the development of the atomic bomb during World War II and became known to a wide public in the 1980s as a member of the Rogers Commission, the panel that investigated the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster. Along with his work in theoretical physics, Feynman has been credited with pioneering the field of quantum computing and introducing the concept of nanotechnology. He held the Richard C. Tolmanprofessorship in theoretical physics at the California Institute of Technology.
Feynman was a keen popularizer of physics through both books and lectures, including a 1959 talk on top-down nanotechnology called There’s Plenty of Room at the Bottom, and the three-volume publication of his undergraduate lectures, The Feynman Lectures on Physics. Feynman also became known through his semi-autobiographical books Surely You’re Joking, Mr. Feynman! and What Do You Care What Other People Think? and books written about him, such as Tuva or Bust! and Genius: The Life and Science of Richard Feynman by James Gleick.
Awards:
Albert Einstein Award (1954)
E. O. Lawrence Award (1962)
Nobel Prize in Physics (1965)
Fellow of the Royal Society (1965)
Oersted Medal (1972)
National Medal of Science (1979)
Bill Hewlett
William “Bill” Redington Hewlett (May 20, 1913 – January 12, 2001) was an American engineer and the co-founder, with David Packard, of the Hewlett-Packard Company (HP). He received his Bachelor’s degree from Stanford University in 1934, a Master of Science degree in electrical engineering from MIT in 1936, and the degree of Electrical Engineer from Stanford in 1939. Bill was president of HP from 1964 to 1977, and served as CEO from 1968 to 1978, when he was succeeded by John A. Young. He remained chairman of the executive committee until 1983, and then served as vice chairman of the board until 1987.
Here are some of his awards:
1972: IEEE Founders Medal
1975: Vermilye Medal
1983: National Medal of Science
1992: National Inventors Hall of Fame
1995: Lemelson-MIT Prize Lifetime Achievement Award
1997: The 3rd Annual Heinz Award Chairman’s Medal (with David Packard)
2011 Entrepreneur Walk of Fame
Drew Houston
Andrew W. “Drew” Houston is an American Internet entrepreneur who is best known for being the founder and CEO of Dropbox, an online backup and storage service.
Drew was born in Acton, Massachusetts in 1983. His father, who was a Harvard University graduate, bought Drew his first computer which he used to learn BASIC Programming. Drew attended Acton-Boxborough Regional High School in the 1990s. He later graduated with a degree in Computer Science from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where he was a member of the Phi Delta Theta fraternity. It was there that he met Arash Ferdowsi who would later go on to be co-founder and CTO of Dropbox.
Drew Houston was named one of the most promising players aged 30 and under by Business Week, and Dropbox has been touted as Y Combinator’s most successful investment to date. Drew was also named among the top 30 under-30 entrepreneurs by inc.com, and Dropbox has been called one of the 20 best startups of Silicon Valley.
In June 2013, MIT invited Houston to serve as speaker at its annual commencement ceremonies. In his remarks, Houston gave this advice: “They say that you’re the average of the five people you spend the most time with. Think about that for a minute: who would be in your circle of five? I have some good news: MIT is one of the best places in the world to start building that circle. If I hadn’t come here, I wouldn’t have met Adam, I wouldn’t have met my amazing cofounder, Arash, and there would be no Dropbox. One thing I’ve learned is surrounding yourself with inspiring people is now just as important as being talented or working hard. Can you imagine if Michael Jordan hadn’t been in the NBA, if his circle of five had been a bunch of guys in Italy? Your circle pushes you to be better, just as Adam pushed me.”
Shirley Ann Jackson
Shirley Ann Jackson (born August 5, 1946) is an American physicist, and the eighteenth president of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. She is the first African-American woman to have earned a doctorate at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). She is also the second African American woman in the United States to earn a doctorate in physics. She has also received many honorary doctorate degrees. In 1985, Governor Thomas Kean appointed her to the New Jersey Commission on Science and Technology. She is an active voice in numerous committees of the National Academy of Sciences, the American Association for the Advancement of Science(AAAS), and the National Science Foundation.
In 2004, she became president of the American Association for the Advancement of Science and chaired the AAAS board in 2005. In 2008 she became the University Vice Chairman of the U.S. Council on Competitiveness, a non-for profit group based in Washington, D.C.. In 2009, President Barack Obama appointed Jackson to serve on the President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology, a 20-member advisory group dedicated to public policy.
Honors and distinctions:
Martin Marietta Aircraft Company Scholarship and Fellowship
Prince Hall Masons Scholarship
National Science Foundation Traineeship
Ford Foundation Advanced Study Fellowship
recipient of the National Medal of Science
CIBA-GEIGY Exceptional Black Scientist Award
Richtmyer Memorial Award
Outstanding Young Women of America
National Women’s Hall of fame
Vannevar Bush Award for “a lifetime of achievements in scientific research, education and senior statesman-like contributions to public policy”
International Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering (FREng)
Candace Award for Technology from the National Coalition of 100 Black Women
Michael James Massimino
Michael James Massimino was born August 19, 1962 in Oceanside, New York. He is a professor of mechanical engineering at Columbia University and a former NASA astronaut. He is the senior advisor of space programs at the Intrepid Sea, Air & Space Museum.
He attended Columbia University, graduating with a Bachelor of Science degree in Industrial Engineering in 1984. He then attended the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, graduating with a Master of Science degree in Mechanical Engineering and a Master of Science degree in Technology and Public Policy in 1988. He continued his education at MIT, earning a Degree of Mechanical Engineer in 1990 and a Doctor of Philosophy degree in Mechanical Engineering in 1992.
Selected as an astronaut candidate by NASA in May 1996, Massimino reported to the Johnson Space Center in August 1996. He completed two years of initial training and evaluation and qualified for flight assignment as a mission specialist. Prior to his first space flight assignment, Massimino served in the Astronaut Office Robotics Branch, and in the Astronaut Office Extravehicular Activity (EVA) Branch. He has served as a CAPCOM (spacecraft communicator) in Mission Control and performed other technical tasks in the Astronaut Office CAPCOM Branch. Currently he is on loan from the Johnson Space Center and serves as a visiting professor at Columbia University teaching a course on human spaceflight. On July 29, 2014, Massimino announced that he would be leaving NASA to pursue a teaching career at Columbia University, in New York City.
Jonah Peretti
Jonah Peretti (born January 1, 1974) is an American Internet entrepreneur, a co-founder of BuzzFeed and The Huffington Post, and developer of reblogging under the project “Reblog”.
Peretti grew up in Oakland, California. He attended the University of California, Santa Cruz, where he graduated with a degree in environmental studies in 1996. He taught computer science classes at Isidore Newman School in New Orleans, Louisiana in the mid-1990s. He completed a postgrad at the MIT Media Lab. While there, he became known for an email exchange with Nike over a request to print “sweatshop” on custom order shoes that went viral. He left The Huffington Post in 2011 after it was bought by AOL for $315 million.
|
|||||
7733
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 62
|
https://www.collegematchpoint.com/college-matchpoint-blog/2016/5/college-spotlight-mit
|
en
|
College Spotlight: MIT
|
[
"https://lirp.cdn-website.com/6db53688/dms3rep/multi/opt/CollegeMP-WideLogo-Color-600px-1920w.png",
"https://lirp.cdn-website.com/6db53688/dms3rep/multi/opt/CollegeMP-WideLogo-Color-1200px-1920w.png",
"https://lirp.cdn-website.com/6db53688/dms3rep/multi/opt/by-nc-nd-1920w.png",
"https://lirp.cdn-website.com/6db53688/dms3rep/multi/opt/CollegeMP-logo+icon-1920w.png",
"https://www.facebook.com/tr?id=1364941904031933&ev=PageView&noscript=1"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[
"Josh Neimark"
] |
2016-05-23T15:06:32
|
College planners and education consultants in Austin, Texas offer help with finding a college, writing college essays, and college planning.
|
en
|
https://irp.cdn-website.com/6db53688/site_favicon_16_1707231600084.ico
|
https://www.collegematchpoint.com/college-matchpoint-blog/2016/5/college-spotlight-mit
|
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) is located in Cambridge, MA, across the Charles River from downtown Boston. An urban setting, the 168-acre campus hosts a variety of architectural styles, from neoclassical to modernist. Ranked 7th among national universities by US News, MIT's acceptance rate is less than 8%. At our recent tour, an admissions officer said, "It's amazing how many absolutely amazing students we say 'no' to. Here's what I know--the world is going to be a great place because young people today are doing such great things. I also want to remind you that there are many fantastic colleges out there. You are going to do very well whether you come here or not."
Students who do manage to earn a coveted spot at this illustrious school seem happy, and the school boasts a 98% freshman retention rate. And while only freshman are required to live on campus, approximately 70% of students remain on campus for all four years. Each of the 11 campus dorms has a unique personality, from a "maker" dorm (which builds a fully-functional roller-coaster each year) to the party dorm. Some floors within dorms have even established a culture, and students often will live in the same place for their college tenure. 20% of students participate in Greek life, but with more than 500 eclectic clubs to choose from--beekeeping, underwater hockey, and a chocolate lab, to name a few--the social scene is active. The campus seems to live up to its reputation for both working and playing hard. And to ensure that its students make time to unwind, the school shuts down all classes and academic meetings from 5-7 each day.
The social scene pales in comparison to the academics at MIT. Operating on a 4/1/4 schedule, the school makes a concerted effort to help freshman students find their footing. All first semester courses are Pass/No Credit and second semester classes can earn an A, B, C, or No Credit. And since students are accepted without needing to declare a major, they are allowed ample time to explore a variety of subjects before settling on a field of study. Of the 5 schools that make up the university, Engineering is the largest, followed by Science, which includes math. One of the most notable features of an MIT education is its unparalleled access to undergraduate research.
Through its unique Undergraduate Research Opportunity Programs (UROP), students can apply for research positions (taking pay or school credit for the work) alongside MIT professors. Many students complete more than one UROP, and they are not limited to projects within their major (a computer science major with a chemical engineering interest may pursue a drug delivery project, for example). Students are encouraged by the (very involved) faculty to take ownership of their learning, and students may cross-register at Harvard for any class that MIT doesn't offer. With a student-to-faculty ratio of 8:1, students and professors work closely--we observed a number of faculty/student interactions walking around campus, even witnessing one professor stopping a student and encouraging him not to abandon a research project.
Fast Facts:
Tuition & Fees: $46,704 (Room & Board is $13,730)
Enrollment: 4,512 students; 54% male, 46% female
Graduate programs include the School of Engineering and Sloan School of Management
More than 65% of classes have fewer than 20 students
4-year graduation rate: 81%
Applicants are expected to have ALL high A's in the most rigorous classes, mid-50% SAT scores are 750-800 for math and 690-790 for reading; mid-50% ACT composite is 33-35 (ACT and SAT superscored); 2 subject tests required (including Math 2 and Science)
Applications are read 3 times; interview is important and should be set up in MIT portal by October 21
High grades and impressive scores aside, the school seeks students with deep passions and who work well with others. The word "kindness" was mentioned by admissions staff
Fun Facts:
Students compete in more than 30 NCAA Division III teams; mascot is beaver, chosen for its engineering skills
One of most unique dorms is called "The Sponge," and was designed by Steven Holl
Since 1929, each class has designed a ring, dubbed the "Brass Rat"
MIT has produced 9 Nobel Laureates, including Eric Lander of the Human Genome Project
Students can earn a highly coveted Pirate's License/Certificate for taking PE classes in pistol, archery, sailing and fencing
Notable alum include UN Secretary Kofi Annan, Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke, Astronaut Buzz Aldrin, and Khan Academy Founder Salman Kahn
|
|||||
7733
|
dbpedia
|
1
| 37
|
https://www.webpilot.ai/writeDetail/6f0e39f8-a719-4088-8955-c84efe6e56ee
|
en
|
WebPilot
|
[] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
WebPilot provides fast AI search and quality writing tools. Also offers APIs, GPTs support, and browser extensions for better content creation and easy use.
|
en
|
/light.ico
|
https://www.webpilot.ai/
| ||||||
7733
|
dbpedia
|
3
| 55
|
https://www.sciencespo.fr/en/news/51/
|
en
|
Latest news
|
[
"https://www.sciencespo.fr/en/static/4e8c8b615cdf25da682418334c3751b6/sciencespo_logo_rouge_176c18a710.svg",
"https://www.sciencespo.fr/en/static/4e8c8b615cdf25da682418334c3751b6/sciencespo_logo_rouge_176c18a710.svg",
"https://www.sciencespo.fr/en/static/644a95ff397ef0c4d5d42b79553c164f/68d0b/P1240082bis_Grande_e40103ef0a.jpg",
"https://www.sciencespo.fr/en/static/644a95ff397ef0c4d5d42b79553c164f/68d0b/P1240082bis_Grande_e40103ef0a.jpg",
"https://www.sciencespo.fr/en/static/2755eb109b09056a940b1ef5ddac7216/19862/Katarina_Korner_9a296cf033.jpg",
"https://www.sciencespo.fr/en/static/2755eb109b09056a940b1ef5ddac7216/19862/Katarina_Korner_9a296cf033.jpg",
"https://www.sciencespo.fr/en/static/e2b4806b0b644ce548ba875e635a735d/ac0ec/CIVICA_SGH_honours_seminars_class_2024_sciencespo_d6b687e276.jpg",
"https://www.sciencespo.fr/en/static/e2b4806b0b644ce548ba875e635a735d/ac0ec/CIVICA_SGH_honours_seminars_class_2024_sciencespo_d6b687e276.jpg",
"https://www.sciencespo.fr/en/static/644a95ff397ef0c4d5d42b79553c164f/68d0b/P1240082bis_Grande_e40103ef0a.jpg",
"https://www.sciencespo.fr/en/static/644a95ff397ef0c4d5d42b79553c164f/68d0b/P1240082bis_Grande_e40103ef0a.jpg",
"https://www.sciencespo.fr/en/static/2755eb109b09056a940b1ef5ddac7216/19862/Katarina_Korner_9a296cf033.jpg",
"https://www.sciencespo.fr/en/static/2755eb109b09056a940b1ef5ddac7216/19862/Katarina_Korner_9a296cf033.jpg",
"https://www.sciencespo.fr/en/static/e2b4806b0b644ce548ba875e635a735d/ac0ec/CIVICA_SGH_honours_seminars_class_2024_sciencespo_d6b687e276.jpg",
"https://www.sciencespo.fr/en/static/e2b4806b0b644ce548ba875e635a735d/ac0ec/CIVICA_SGH_honours_seminars_class_2024_sciencespo_d6b687e276.jpg",
"https://www.sciencespo.fr/en/static/644a95ff397ef0c4d5d42b79553c164f/68d0b/P1240082bis_Grande_e40103ef0a.jpg",
"https://www.sciencespo.fr/en/static/644a95ff397ef0c4d5d42b79553c164f/68d0b/P1240082bis_Grande_e40103ef0a.jpg",
"https://www.sciencespo.fr/en/static/0b41fcefcda9005ea9b78ad38131b5f0/32fe6/CIVICA_cultural_event_paris_students_researchers_sciencespo_1e27b24aa8.jpg",
"https://www.sciencespo.fr/en/static/0b41fcefcda9005ea9b78ad38131b5f0/32fe6/CIVICA_cultural_event_paris_students_researchers_sciencespo_1e27b24aa8.jpg",
"https://www.sciencespo.fr/en/static/f61b2d36461429dd26f5252f74ac5c17/46029/podcast_And_Africa_Research_bb5772ba1b.png",
"https://www.sciencespo.fr/en/static/f61b2d36461429dd26f5252f74ac5c17/46029/podcast_And_Africa_Research_bb5772ba1b.png",
"https://www.sciencespo.fr/en/static/347363aaee5e745e988065dddcb781ce/9349a/gender_equality_sciences_po_0_50db8c27a0.jpg",
"https://www.sciencespo.fr/en/static/347363aaee5e745e988065dddcb781ce/9349a/gender_equality_sciences_po_0_50db8c27a0.jpg",
"https://www.sciencespo.fr/en/static/dc527787e392659afa2b48c25deb3ee7/9349a/scpo_ukraine_3_2_ea2d9b0682.jpg",
"https://www.sciencespo.fr/en/static/dc527787e392659afa2b48c25deb3ee7/9349a/scpo_ukraine_3_2_ea2d9b0682.jpg",
"https://www.sciencespo.fr/en/static/0b41fcefcda9005ea9b78ad38131b5f0/32fe6/CIVICA_cultural_event_paris_students_researchers_sciencespo_1e27b24aa8.jpg",
"https://www.sciencespo.fr/en/static/0b41fcefcda9005ea9b78ad38131b5f0/32fe6/CIVICA_cultural_event_paris_students_researchers_sciencespo_1e27b24aa8.jpg",
"https://www.sciencespo.fr/en/static/f61b2d36461429dd26f5252f74ac5c17/46029/podcast_And_Africa_Research_bb5772ba1b.png",
"https://www.sciencespo.fr/en/static/f61b2d36461429dd26f5252f74ac5c17/46029/podcast_And_Africa_Research_bb5772ba1b.png",
"https://www.sciencespo.fr/en/static/347363aaee5e745e988065dddcb781ce/9349a/gender_equality_sciences_po_0_50db8c27a0.jpg",
"https://www.sciencespo.fr/en/static/347363aaee5e745e988065dddcb781ce/9349a/gender_equality_sciences_po_0_50db8c27a0.jpg",
"https://www.sciencespo.fr/en/static/dc527787e392659afa2b48c25deb3ee7/9349a/scpo_ukraine_3_2_ea2d9b0682.jpg",
"https://www.sciencespo.fr/en/static/dc527787e392659afa2b48c25deb3ee7/9349a/scpo_ukraine_3_2_ea2d9b0682.jpg",
"https://www.sciencespo.fr/en/static/0b41fcefcda9005ea9b78ad38131b5f0/32fe6/CIVICA_cultural_event_paris_students_researchers_sciencespo_1e27b24aa8.jpg",
"https://www.sciencespo.fr/en/static/0b41fcefcda9005ea9b78ad38131b5f0/32fe6/CIVICA_cultural_event_paris_students_researchers_sciencespo_1e27b24aa8.jpg",
"https://www.sciencespo.fr/en/static/f61b2d36461429dd26f5252f74ac5c17/46029/podcast_And_Africa_Research_bb5772ba1b.png",
"https://www.sciencespo.fr/en/static/f61b2d36461429dd26f5252f74ac5c17/46029/podcast_And_Africa_Research_bb5772ba1b.png",
"https://www.sciencespo.fr/en/static/347363aaee5e745e988065dddcb781ce/9349a/gender_equality_sciences_po_0_50db8c27a0.jpg",
"https://www.sciencespo.fr/en/static/347363aaee5e745e988065dddcb781ce/9349a/gender_equality_sciences_po_0_50db8c27a0.jpg",
"https://www.sciencespo.fr/en/static/dc527787e392659afa2b48c25deb3ee7/9349a/scpo_ukraine_3_2_ea2d9b0682.jpg",
"https://www.sciencespo.fr/en/static/dc527787e392659afa2b48c25deb3ee7/9349a/scpo_ukraine_3_2_ea2d9b0682.jpg",
"https://www.sciencespo.fr/en/static/43d34fecd42f33c938c196a79ffb4375/762c8/kofi_interview_sciencespo_1_03576730d8.png",
"https://www.sciencespo.fr/en/static/43d34fecd42f33c938c196a79ffb4375/762c8/kofi_interview_sciencespo_1_03576730d8.png",
"https://www.sciencespo.fr/en/static/13fe90a39361c6700bcec355bdc88a68/762c8/KOFIANNAN_2015_0_b1a89d8569.png",
"https://www.sciencespo.fr/en/static/13fe90a39361c6700bcec355bdc88a68/762c8/KOFIANNAN_2015_0_b1a89d8569.png",
"https://www.sciencespo.fr/en/static/3b1f5a0c6772d863fac0705f4efaab5b/9349a/barbara_saden_Sciences_Po_student_0_3fd2c5459e.jpg",
"https://www.sciencespo.fr/en/static/3b1f5a0c6772d863fac0705f4efaab5b/9349a/barbara_saden_Sciences_Po_student_0_3fd2c5459e.jpg",
"https://www.sciencespo.fr/en/static/7a03a147aad23b92541b33c67fb9d568/9349a/Agnes_Van_Zanten_Sciences_Po_22e15b5cf3.jpg",
"https://www.sciencespo.fr/en/static/7a03a147aad23b92541b33c67fb9d568/9349a/Agnes_Van_Zanten_Sciences_Po_22e15b5cf3.jpg",
"https://www.sciencespo.fr/en/static/c21a76d65314816831800bb41aeb2049/762c8/Job_Mind_a_startup_of_sciencespo_entrepreneurs_c4d5cba170.png",
"https://www.sciencespo.fr/en/static/c21a76d65314816831800bb41aeb2049/762c8/Job_Mind_a_startup_of_sciencespo_entrepreneurs_c4d5cba170.png",
"https://www.sciencespo.fr/en/static/59afc64d5ce5fcc0bb7ff5b3a59cf531/9349a/michel_david_weill_scholarship_0_89a7ecf29d.jpg",
"https://www.sciencespo.fr/en/static/59afc64d5ce5fcc0bb7ff5b3a59cf531/9349a/michel_david_weill_scholarship_0_89a7ecf29d.jpg",
"https://www.sciencespo.fr/en/static/b16be085d52af0a731a8623684951ac6/762c8/Japanese_student_at_Sciences_Po_0_b6e044c0aa.png",
"https://www.sciencespo.fr/en/static/b16be085d52af0a731a8623684951ac6/762c8/Japanese_student_at_Sciences_Po_0_b6e044c0aa.png",
"https://www.sciencespo.fr/en/static/ae79fd9c8c94d3b7eeb38c869c019776/9349a/ethiopie_d6c3db36a6.jpg",
"https://www.sciencespo.fr/en/static/ae79fd9c8c94d3b7eeb38c869c019776/9349a/ethiopie_d6c3db36a6.jpg",
"https://www.sciencespo.fr/en/static/866e4f85ddbf626f8fcafa9d313fe558/9349a/Nathan_Stewart_e7e6aec6a0.jpg",
"https://www.sciencespo.fr/en/static/866e4f85ddbf626f8fcafa9d313fe558/9349a/Nathan_Stewart_e7e6aec6a0.jpg",
"https://www.sciencespo.fr/en/static/8adb823f98874d6ef476a771abe4eed7/9349a/Sciences_Po_GDF_Suez_Emile_Boutmy_Scholarship_d7364f96ee.jpg",
"https://www.sciencespo.fr/en/static/8adb823f98874d6ef476a771abe4eed7/9349a/Sciences_Po_GDF_Suez_Emile_Boutmy_Scholarship_d7364f96ee.jpg",
"https://www.sciencespo.fr/en/static/91800b0e4fb80c824ad6a4573f8e318f/9349a/DSC_07733_6b744a949e.jpg",
"https://www.sciencespo.fr/en/static/91800b0e4fb80c824ad6a4573f8e318f/9349a/DSC_07733_6b744a949e.jpg",
"https://www.sciencespo.fr/en/static/e59c923f6955a0e6f07dc3a604e1773a/9349a/Sceinces_Po_Nancy_Cromarty_0_60875171f8.jpg",
"https://www.sciencespo.fr/en/static/e59c923f6955a0e6f07dc3a604e1773a/9349a/Sceinces_Po_Nancy_Cromarty_0_60875171f8.jpg",
"https://www.sciencespo.fr/en/static/37370d0d1b3efd6439f68eacb8081386/9349a/UCL_e00f837d5b.jpg",
"https://www.sciencespo.fr/en/static/37370d0d1b3efd6439f68eacb8081386/9349a/UCL_e00f837d5b.jpg",
"https://www.sciencespo.fr/en/static/7ef4a0f92649446a919c1eee8f890439/9349a/20150227_Erra_b_20copie_0_2e3cd16389.jpg",
"https://www.sciencespo.fr/en/static/7ef4a0f92649446a919c1eee8f890439/9349a/20150227_Erra_b_20copie_0_2e3cd16389.jpg",
"https://www.sciencespo.fr/en/static/fb58e85f3ced2307dd9fa69e665ce1a6/762c8/Capture_20d_E2_80_99_C3_A9cran_202015_03_02_20_C3_A0_2016_00_28_0a5096e95b.png",
"https://www.sciencespo.fr/en/static/fb58e85f3ced2307dd9fa69e665ce1a6/762c8/Capture_20d_E2_80_99_C3_A9cran_202015_03_02_20_C3_A0_2016_00_28_0a5096e95b.png",
"https://www.sciencespo.fr/en/static/974969d404d575240950c8c7ea464bd7/9349a/BD_1_7f158ab3f0.jpg",
"https://www.sciencespo.fr/en/static/974969d404d575240950c8c7ea464bd7/9349a/BD_1_7f158ab3f0.jpg",
"https://www.sciencespo.fr/en/static/80492cf480ae799e3d00078738a3b9b7/762c8/Capture_20d_E2_80_99_C3_A9cran_202015_02_19_20_C3_A0_2017_43_29_352c3c757b.png",
"https://www.sciencespo.fr/en/static/80492cf480ae799e3d00078738a3b9b7/762c8/Capture_20d_E2_80_99_C3_A9cran_202015_02_19_20_C3_A0_2017_43_29_352c3c757b.png",
"https://www.sciencespo.fr/en/static/f78f0b70c2d2f2cd64013dfd052e2dab/9349a/foreign_20policy_20bis_c341bdcfa3.jpg",
"https://www.sciencespo.fr/en/static/f78f0b70c2d2f2cd64013dfd052e2dab/9349a/foreign_20policy_20bis_c341bdcfa3.jpg",
"https://www.sciencespo.fr/en/static/4c939aee95040560cc83d17c30691fe1/9349a/evina_20menton_6a45aa9c99.jpg",
"https://www.sciencespo.fr/en/static/4c939aee95040560cc83d17c30691fe1/9349a/evina_20menton_6a45aa9c99.jpg",
"https://www.sciencespo.fr/en/static/cc66ec41e1ece85017c6cb8da8d968e6/9349a/tudiante_20inde_8d21fa59fb.jpg",
"https://www.sciencespo.fr/en/static/cc66ec41e1ece85017c6cb8da8d968e6/9349a/tudiante_20inde_8d21fa59fb.jpg",
"https://www.sciencespo.fr/en/static/bb3fb39d53acf783e85455441bb68c23/762c8/matthew_green_sciencespo_643897638f.png",
"https://www.sciencespo.fr/en/static/bb3fb39d53acf783e85455441bb68c23/762c8/matthew_green_sciencespo_643897638f.png",
"https://www.sciencespo.fr/en/static/32900aba13302349f5ed8d55ae84a36c/9349a/sciences_po_tsinghua_31e4ddc879.jpg",
"https://www.sciencespo.fr/en/static/32900aba13302349f5ed8d55ae84a36c/9349a/sciences_po_tsinghua_31e4ddc879.jpg",
"https://www.sciencespo.fr/en/static/081556e6b06c83568d7d3ce5e80df883/9349a/Anjuli_pandit_e63f92031d.jpg",
"https://www.sciencespo.fr/en/static/081556e6b06c83568d7d3ce5e80df883/9349a/Anjuli_pandit_e63f92031d.jpg",
"https://www.sciencespo.fr/en/static/6d89a34929de169253a0198899199006/9349a/Devant_20l_27_Assembl_C3_A9e_20_Nationale_7e64d63954.jpg",
"https://www.sciencespo.fr/en/static/6d89a34929de169253a0198899199006/9349a/Devant_20l_27_Assembl_C3_A9e_20_Nationale_7e64d63954.jpg",
"https://www.sciencespo.fr/en/static/4bdcf6bc629b5bdf87d343e32e6b8340/sciencespo_logo_blanc_ffaefc900f.svg",
"https://www.sciencespo.fr/en/static/4bdcf6bc629b5bdf87d343e32e6b8340/sciencespo_logo_blanc_ffaefc900f.svg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
Sciences Po is a selective research university of international standing based on the values of openness and excellence. Sciences Poâs unique academic model combines expertise in the humanities and social sciences, multidisciplinarity and a professional grounding to educate professionals and citizens able to understand and transform society.
|
en
|
/en/favicon-32x32.png?v=8ed289013da1e087023b4502658079f5
|
Sciences Po
| null |
On Monday 30 March 2015, Kofi Annan, the charismatic former UN Secretary-General and 2001 Nobel Peace Prize winner, had a 1,5 hour long discussion with Sciences Po students ...
On Monday 30 March 2015 at 7:30 pm, Sciences Po welcomed Kofi Annan at the invitation of the Sciences Po Paris School of International Affairs and the Association Française pour ...
An interview with Barbara Saden, who graduated from the Sciences Po Doctoral School with a Master in International Relations in May 2014. Her research âPunishing Syria: punishment ...
AÂ pioneer in the promotion of equal opportunities, Sciences Po is also a leading research institution on this issue. The sociology of educational inequalities ...
JobMind is a web and mobile application that helps people organise their job search. It has been developed by two Sciences Po graduates with the support of the Sciences ...
Eric Falcon will graduate from the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs at Princeton University ...
Each year, the Sciences Po campus in Paris welcomes students from partner Japanese universities for a four-week programme dedicated to European ...
With generous funding from the Swiss Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Professor Lakhdar Brahimi took 22 of his Sciences Po students on a study trip to Ethiopia.
Nathan Stewart, a student at the Sciences Po School of Communication: "I am originally from Belfast in Northern Ireland, but I studied French and Politics at the ...
On the 19 February, the GDF-Suez group chose to support Sciences Po financial aid policy by committing to finance three years of the Emile Boutmy scholarship ...
Edgar Proutheau graduated from the dual degree Sciences Po-UBC in May 2014 with a major in Political Science. He is now enrolled in a Masterâs ...
Sciences Po attracts students seeking a truly international education. During their visit to the university, guidance counselors from around the ...
Hadrien, Nathaniel, Sophie and Max are students in the dual bachelorâs degree Sciences Po-UCL. They will spend their first two years at Sciences Po and then ...
Mercedes Erra, Founder of BETC Euro RSCG, the leading French advertising agency, and executive president of Havas Worldwide, delivered a masterclass to students in the ...
With a gradual increase to 1,600 students in 2018, the Reims Campus will become the largest undergraduate campus of the Sciences Po College ...
During the international career fair at Sciences Po from the 16 to 20 February, recruiters shared why they seek out Sciences Po students in particular.
Each year, students in the association RIMUN (Reims International Model United Nations) organise a mock United Nations debate on the Reims campus. For the 2015 edition, more ...
Evina and Sadia are two undergraduate students at Sciences Po who are currently enrolled in the Middle Eastern and Mediterranean programme on the Menton campus. They directed a video ...
|
||||
7733
|
dbpedia
|
2
| 58
|
https://radicalmiddle.com/x_annan_report.htm
|
en
|
Kofi Annan's U.N. Reform Package
|
[
"https://radicalmiddle.com/index.3.gif"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null | null |
Issue No. 68 (May 1, 2005) -- Mark Satin, Editor
Kofi Annans U.N. reform proposal:
First great radical middle political document?
On March 21, the second day of spring, Kofi Annan announced his reform plans for the United Nations. He released a 62-page report, In Larger Freedom: Towards Development, Security and Human Rights for All -- the only U.N. report Ive ever seen that was written in the first person singular. Then he gave an unusually passionate speech about the report to the General Assembly, followed by an unusually loquacious press conference.
Was anyone listening? Even The New York Times and The Washington Post treated the report -- two years in the making -- as basically just another stone in the pool. Other newspapers focused narrowly on Annans ideas for structural (as distinct from programmatic) reform, and television commentators with slick smiles suggested the report was intended to divert attention from the oil-for-food scandal.
In Pieter Bruegels great painting, Landscape with the Fall of Icarus, Icarus -- a young boy whod dared to fly close to the sun, using wax-fastened wings -- plummets into the sea. And nobody notices.
I cant think of that painting without thinking of Annans report. It deserved extensive and enthusiastic coverage. It represents the first great coherent attempt to move the U..N. close to the sun -- to turn it into a body finally capable of exhibiting the democratic and compassionate ideals of its founders.
Annan said as much -- a fresh start, he called it in a column in the Financial Times of March 21.
He might also have called it the first great radical middle document ever released by a head of state or head of a major international body. Just consider:
-- It says YES! to many good ideas that others find contradictory -- democracy and development, human rights and security.
-- It doesnt try to rebut left-wing or right-wing perspectives. Instead, it incorporates the best ideas from both in a new synthesis.
-- It seeks to overcome dicey situations via creativity and smarts (rather than guilt-inducing rhetoric or threats of force). For example, it would have developing countries forego development of uranium enrichment capacity -- gateway to nuclear weapons -- by offering them access to fissile material for civilian uses at below-market rates.
-- It is explicitly holistic. Not only are development, security and human rights all imperative, it declares, they also reinforce each other. Later on it declares, Whatever threatens one, threatens all. In his General Assembly speech Annan went so far as to plead with delegates to treat the report as a comprehensive package not open to ad hoc implementation.
Making of a radical middle thinker
To understand how Annan could create such a path-breaking document, its important to know some things about him and the pressures hes under.
From the beginning of his tenure as Secretary-General in 1997, hes been pulled -- hard -- by three competing political forces.
On the right, the John Boltons of the world wont be happy until the U.N. acts with the coherence and efficiency of General Electric. (To their right, the Jed Babbins of the world -- Babbin being a prolific writer for National Review Online and author of Inside the Asylum: Why the United Nations and Old Europe Are Worse Than You Think (2004) -- wont be satisfied until the U.S. has actually left the U.N.)
From the left, the pressures are equally one-eyed. The American and European left has produced a steady stream of collective manifestos calling on the West to relate to the U.N. as if it could easily be -- if not for our own pusillanimity -- the all-knowing, all-just, heart-warmingly idealistic body we all dreamed it could be when we were in high school (the Millennium Forums Strengthening the U.N. for the 21st Century (hereafter M.F. Document), created by over 1,300 NGO representatives in the year 2000, may be the most fundamentalist document of the lot; the Earth Charter, created by hundreds of self-selected groups and individuals from 1997-2000, is surely the sweetest).
Finally, the developing countries bring a steady rat-tat-tat of It Aint Us, Babe pressures to bear. Philip Gourevitch, author of the definitive popular book on the Rwanda killings, reports that when Annan spoke in Rwanda in 1998 and tried to suggest the country bore some responsibility for its plight, a presidential spokesperson denounced him as arrogant, and top members of the government boycotted a state dinner in his honor (see Philip Gourevitch, The Optimist, in the New Yorker, 27 March 2003).
It is extraordinary how Annan has reacted to these three very different sources of pressure, aka factions. On the one hand, hes turned the other cheek to each of them. Thats easier said than done! On the other hand -- and you can see this in his report (which Ill describe in a moment) -- hes taken the best ideas and deepest hopes from each of them.
How can he react so calmly and constructively?, you might ask. The answer is simple. Hes almost choicelessly a radical middle person; hes a member in good standing of each of the three worlds the factions represent:
1.) It is well known that he was born in Ghana, in 1938, to a hereditary chief of the Fante people. You cant be more native-African than that.
2.) It is also well known that Annans basic political sympathies are telegraphed by his Patrice Lumumba beard. You cant be more constructively leftist than Lumumba, a radical who almost took the Congo away from its corrupt foreign and domestic rulers in the 1960s. The whole late-20th-century history of Africa might have been different if Lumumba or some other just, incorruptible, and economically savvy leader had succeeded in taking power somewhere, and Annan, for one, has never gotten over that lost opportunity. (When you take [Ghana] at the time of independence, we had in economic terms about the same situation as Malaysia, he lamented to Gourevitch. We could have given our people a much better life and we failed them.)
3.) It is less well known that Annan is equally at home with the third faction, the center-right.
His dad was not only tribal chief, he was executive of a subsidiary of the Anglo-Dutch multinational corporation Unilever. Young Kofi was sent off to study at a small Methodist college in Minnesota, Macalester. He spent some time traveling across the U.S. with his American friends, then worked at the U.N. Economic Commission for Africa, then returned to the U.S. to earn an M.B.A. from the prestigious Sloan School of Management at M.I.T.
He climbed the U.N. bureaucracy as a diplomatic and economic sophisticate, eventually rising to be chief financial officer of the U.N. system and head of peacekeeping operations. His second wife, a Swedish lawyer and artist, is the niece of Raoul Wallenberg, who helped save hundreds of Jews during World War Two. (His son Kojo, around whom the oil-for-food scandal swirls, was a product of his first marriage, to a fellow African. No desire to speculate here about Kojos deepest feelings about his fathers very public personal-romantic journey.)
What is truly exceptional about Annan, though, is not his at-homeness in all three worlds. Its his ability to function in all of them at once.
It is a skill like any other -- partly natural, partly learned. Some friends from Macalester could see it blooming in him even then, c. 1960. One of them told Gourevitch that Annan was equally adept in mind and body, a serious student but also a champion runner (setting a school record in the 60-yard dash), the ultimate smooth dancer, and above all a facilitator, someone who sought common ground among people and tried to bring them together.
Annan himself traces it back even further, to his school days in Africa, where teachers urged him to remember that there is more than one side to a story, and more than one answer to a question."
It's not easy being Green. But its an extraordinary balancing act being a Radical Middle politician-statesman.
And the Annan Report takes that balancing act to a whole new level. In it, the rights U.N. structural reform and security priorities, the lefts human rights priorities, and the developing worlds development priorities not only find common ground. They become mutually dependent on one another.
It is a remarkable tour-de-force, full of positive implications for all humanity. No wonder the scandal-obsessed media missed the story. Like the tillers of the soil in Bruegel's Icarus painting, the media has a hard time seeing what it hasn't been been trained to focus on.
Millennium Development Goals
The Annan Report consists of four major sections -- Freedom from Want (on development), Freedom from Fear (on security), Freedom to Live in Dignity (on human rights), and Strengthening the U.N. (on structural reform). The Freedom from Want section begins with a statement of the so-called Millennium Development Goals (MDGs).
We are no longer going to throw money at ever greater numbers of problems, the MDG sub-section announces in so many words. Instead, we've articulated eight achievable goals and 18 concrete targets by means of which we can reach them; and we should henceforth focus on those.
The eight goals include Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger, Achieve universal primary education, and Promote gender equality and empower women.
The 18 targets include Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people who suffer from hunger, and Ensure that, by 2015, children everywhere, boys and girls alike, will be able to complete a full course of primary schooling.
Note how this approach productively merges conservatives desire for efficiency and boundaries with liberals desire for compassion and equity. Less visible -- but no less central to Annans strategy -- is a bit of sleight of hand about the MDGs.
And behind that sleight of hand you can glimpse what I like to call Kofi Annans U.N. coup detat.
Kofi Annans U.N. coup detat
Supposedly, the Annan Report is meant to inform the General Assembly about the U.N.s progress toward meeting the agenda set forth in the United Nations Millennium Declaration, an ambitious, vague, contradictory, and at times unbearably pompous document adopted by the General Assembly in September 2000, after having been ostensibly created by a Millennium Summit of the worlds leaders earlier that month (but actually by a melange of U.N. bureaucrats).
In plain fact, the Annan Report is to the Millennium Declaration as the U.S. Constitutional Convention was to the Articles of Confederation. The Millennium Declaration provides the necessary fig leaf behind which Annan and his brilliant advisors (principally Mark Malloch Brown, formerly head of the U.N. Development Programme and now Annans Chief of Staff) sought and continue to seek to turn the U.N. into an organization capable of dealing with 21st century realities.
The Millennium Declaration does not set forth a list of Millennium Development Goals. It sets forth a list of vacuous Values and Principles which Annan wisely ignores. It also sets forth -- in sections devoted to development, poverty eradication, and the environment -- a potpourri of aspirations, resolutions, indignations, hopes, and fears that Annan and his advisors later used to carve out the 18 targets, which begot the eight MDGs.
Plenty of aspirations articulated in those sections of the Millennium Declaration failed to make it into the MDGs or targets. For example, Ensure free access to information on the human genome sequence. But close examination of the two documents would convince you that the goals and targets Annan et al. chose to focus on were the most essential -- and, just as important, the most capable of creating empathetic connections between the developed and developing worlds.
So call the Annan Report a coup if you like. It is by no means a report on the United Nations Millennium Declaration -- in the area of development as in all other areas, it is a subtle and brilliant transformation of that document. And that may be one reason Annan appears to have fewer defenders at the U.N. than he did before.
Development in a new key
The Freedom from Want section of the Annan Report doesnt just focus on the MDGs. It includes important sub-sections on aid, trade, and the environment. Put them all together and they spell development in a new key.
The obligations of the rich nations are spelled out loud and clear. Most importantly, rich nations are urged to establish a timetable to earmark 0.7% of GNP for development assistance by 2015 (most rich nations, including the U.S., contribute less than half that).
At the same time, though -- and this is unusual in U.N. documents -- obligations of the recipient nations are spelled out. For example, theyre told to establish transparent, accountable systems of governance, and encouraged to support a healthy private sector capable of generating jobs, income and tax revenues.
The Millennium Declaration was ambivalent about trade, and the international lefts M.F. Document, referenced above, was more eager to constrain corporations than welcome them. The Annan Report strives to turn business into a partner in Third World development.
Developing nations should stop bashing business and start making or encouraging investments in agricultural productivity, trade-related infrastructure and competitive export industries. For their part, the rich nations should provide duty-free and quota-free market access for all exports from the least developed countries.
The sub-section on the environment doesnt just lament the environmental crises we all know about. It speaks highly of science and technology -- not the usual sentiment in past U.N. documents.
When it states, Scientific advances and technological innovation have an important role to play in mitigating climate change, it is, in effect, throwing down the gauntlet to the Bush Administration and conservatives everywhere: OK, you dont want to abide by the Kyoto Protocol -- go out and create the technologies we need to reverse global warming.
Security in a new key
For years, useless debates raged in the U.N. about whether it was wiser to focus on nuclear threats, terrorist threats, or genocidal threats. The Annan Reports section Freedom from Fear short-circuits those debates beautifully when it says, Depending on wealth, geography, and power, we perceive different threats as the most pressing. But the truth is we cannot afford to choose. . . . In our globalized world, the threats we face are interconnected. The rich are vulnerable to the threats that attack the poor and the strong are vulnerable to the weak, as well as vice versa.
The practical conclusion: We need to tackle the whole range of threats. And that means, among other things, that the developing nations in the Middle East should stop trumpeting the right to violently resist occupation. Nobody -- nobody -- has the right to deliberately kill or maim civilians.
The Annan Report calls for a comprehensive treaty on terrorism by September of next year based on a clear and uninhibited definition of terrorism. And it urges states to supplement the nuclear non-proliferation treaty with an agreement to prevent non-state actors from gaining access to nuclear, chemical, or biological materials. (In complete contrast, the M.F. Document natters on about global disarmament as if we were still living in 1969.)
At the same time, though, the Annan Report focuses on the security issue of most immediate concern to the smaller nations -- reducing the risk of local wars. It urges the General Assembly to provide the Secretary-Generals office with beefed-up mediation powers and resources. It also urges stronger and more effective use of economic sanctions (in contrast to the Millennium Declaration, which is skeptical of sanctions as a tool for peace).
Above all, the Annan Report calls for creation of a realistic peacekeeping capacity, namely, the creation of strategic reserves, standby battle groups in dozens of countries and regional organizations (such as the African Union) that the U.N. could call upon on an emergency basis. The idea is that, when the next Rwanda happens -- and, of course, Rwandas are happening all the time -- the U.N. could smoothly intervene with these troops to restore the peace.
And after the so-called humanitarian military intervention? Admirably, the Annan Report addresses the aftermath too. It proposes a Peacebuilding Commission that, in the aftermath, could engage in early efforts to establish the necessary institutions; help to ensure predictable financing for early recovery activities . . . ; [and] provide a forum in which the U.N., major bilateral donors, troop contributors, [etc.] can share information about their respective post-conflict strategies.
There probably isnt one party to the war in Iraq that doesnt wish that something like Annans Peacebuilding Commission had been in place in April of 2003.
Human rights in a new key
Just as the section Freedom from Want in the Annan Report is not just a sop to the developing world, so the section Freedom to Live in Dignity is not just a sop to Westerners concerned about human rights.
Human rights are, the Report contends, as fundamental to the poor as to the rich. And the Report means that in a special way.
Most U.N. documents imply that human rights somehow emerge inexorably out of economic development, or education, or a sense of personal security. The Millennium Declaration is less than convincing on the subject of human rights -- We will spare no effort to promote democracy, it declares, much too grandly to convince a discerning reader -- then goes on to suggest that by human rights it means to include the right to development. Gotta get Sudan and Cuba on board. The M.F. Document is even more dismal, stating at one point that civil and political rights [should not be] given a higher priority than economic, social and cultural rights.
If you read the Annan Report carefully, youll discern a sea-change in thinking on this subject. For Annan and his reformist aides, human rights is not just one of a long laundry list of goodies that people might want. It is the wellspring out of which political democracy, economic development, and physical security all come
No security agenda and no drive for development will be successful unless they are based on the sure foundation of respect for human dignity, the Annan Report boldly declares. Some U.N. observers have coined a pithy term for this: rights-based development.
As you might expect, then, the Annan Report wants the U.N. to work overtime for human rights. It declares that there is a collective responsibility to protect, which it explains as follows: [I]f national authorities are unable or unwilling to protect their citizens, then the responsibility shifts to the international community. (You wont find anything like that sentiment in the Millennium Declaration.) The Report goes on to suggest numerous ways the U.N. could and should ensure human rights in its member-states.
For example, it proposes creating a Rule of Law Assistance Unit in the Secretary-Generals office to -- as Annan delicately puts it -- assist national efforts to re-establish the rule of law in conflict and post-conflict societies.
It proposes that nations cooperate fully with the International Criminal Court (thereby chastising but not condemning the U.S. for failing to join the ICC, and so not alienating President Bushs next ambassador to the U.N.).
Most importantly of all, perhaps, it proposes creating a Democracy Fund at the U.N. for countries seeking to establish or strengthen their democracy. Legal, technical, and financial assistance would all be provided, as would concrete support for elections. (Outside the Report one learns that the Fund might include private money that could top out at $1 billion or more.)
For anyone who remembers the U.N. trying to act as a so-called honest broker between democracy and communism, or who still sees it as trying to steer some middle course between democracy and Third World kleptocracy, this may be the most extraordinary part of the Annan Report, and the one that truly marks it as a reformist document in the radical middle tradition. Radical middle means approaching problems holistically; it does not not mean compromising democratic principles.
Structural reform in a new key
For 30 years, structural reform at the U.N. has meant twiddling the dials. So its no surprise that the Strengthening the U.N. section of the Annan Report has generated whatever headlines there have been.
You cant page through it without realizing that this time they are serious. Clearly, our Organization . . . was built for a different era, the Report declares.
The Millennium Declaration set itself up as the General Assemblys defender. Not the Annan Report. It not only spotlights the Assemblys declining prestige, it says the decline cant be reversed until the Assembly reforms itself. It needs to stop retreat[ing] into generalities, engaging in feel-good debates about every symbolic issue under the sun, passing empty resolutions. It needs to speed up its processes, concentrate on addressing the major substantive issues of the day, and engage much more fully with civil society.
The Security Council -- where all the key decisions about war and peace get made -- is no longer credible because it no longer represents the international community as a whole [or] the geopolitical realities of today. Thats a fancy way of saying that it doesnt offer permanent or renewable representation to Germany, Brazil, China, Japan, or any Middle Eastern or African countries.
Like any good radical middle document, the Annan Report suggests alternate ways this could be done. Both would expand the Security Council from the present 15 members to a total of 24, and both would ensure that six seats were held by each of the worlds four regional areas: Africa, Asia / Pacific, Europe, and the Americas. None of the new members would get veto power over Security Council decisions (that would continue to be held by the U.S., England, France, Russia, and China); on the other hand, no nation could serve on the reconstituted Security Council unless it agreed to devote 0.7% of its GNP to the Millennium Development Goals.
The current Commission on Human Rights is a joke -- some of the worst violators of human rights are some of its most outspoken members. The Annan Report does not mince words about this: States have sought membership on the Commission not to strengthen human rights but to protect themselves against criticism or to criticize others. It would abolish the Commission and replace it with a smaller Human Rights Council elected by a two-thirds vote of the General Assembly. (The Millennium Declaration, by contrast -- exemplifying the courage of most other U.N. documents -- failed to even mention the Commission on Human Rights or its absurdities.)
The Annan Report doesnt leave Annans own bailiwick, the Secretariat, out of the equation. If the U.N. is to be truly effective, the Report declares, the Secretariat will have to be completely transformed.
A simpler system of planning and budgeting is called for ASAP. Outmoded Secretariat bureaus and tasks should be abolished forthwith. Most remarkably, Annan requests that the General Assembly provide him with the authority and resources to pursue a one-time staff buyout so as to refresh and realign the staff to meet current needs. The Secretariat's notorious accumulation of human deadwood (butt of wry and cynical jokes the world over) could finally be cut down and allowed to float off into the sunset, and many bright New Turks could be brought in.
One of Annans final suggestions harks back to a idea once promoted by Donald Keys, head of the idealistic Planetary Citizens group from the 1970s. Lets create a Council of Development Advisers -- in effect, a council of wise men and women from all over the world. Lets turn the U.N. into the council house of the emerging global village.
That is more than a nod to the political left. Its a nod to all those idealists whose energies have maintained the U.N. in the popular imagination through thick and thin. And its a wonderful idea, too: the Council could speak to the worlds peoples on a level deeper than that of mere politics.
First great radical middle political document?
As you can tell from the above, the Annan Report is an almost unparalleled combination of the pragmatic and the visionary. That is no accident. [W]ithout implementation, our declarations ring hollow, Annan cries in the middle of the Report. Without action, our promises are meaningless. Villagers huddling in fear at the sound of bombing raids or the appearance of murderous militias on the horizon find no solace in . . . unimplemented words.
When I was in international law class in law school (essentially, Int. Law 101), I had that same terrible insight. I was repelled by the stories my professor always told of being flown into this war-torn area or that. I imagined him with his fine moustache and tailored suit staying in fancy hotels and dispensing learned, unimplementable words to people who might very well be killed the next day. The vision paralyzed me. I wasnt going to be a bringer of meaningless promises, I wasnt going to turn myself into a hard-boiled world-traveling pragmatist. I never took another international law course.
Kofi Annan persisted. Like a stubborn Icarus, he kept putting his wax-fastened wings back on again. And he eventually discovered the right relationship of pragmatism to vision. He demonstrates that relationship throughout the Report, and makes it explicit at the very end. What I have called for here is possible, he says. [All my proposals] are within reach. From pragmatic beginnings could emerge a visionary change of direction in our world.
Romantic visions -- abstract theories -- political isms -- do not generate positive change. But real, practical, helpful first steps can generate grounded, life-giving vision. That is the central lesson the Annan Report has to teach us, and that is why it is the first great radical middle political document.
FURTHER RESOURCES
For the United Nations as an institution: Linda Fasulo, An Insider's Guide to the U.N. (Yale Univ. Press, 2004). For a history of the U.N. up to Kofi Annan's tenure: Stanley Meisler, United Nations: The First Fifty Years (Atlantic Monthly Press, 1997). For the larger global context seen through radical middle eyes: Walter Truett Anderson, All Connected Now: Life in the First Global Civilization (Westview / Perseus, 2001).
|
||||||||
7733
|
dbpedia
|
0
| 41
|
https://www.athensdemocracyforum.com/about/our-team/advisory-board/corinne-momal-vanian/
|
en
|
Athens Democracy Forum
|
https://www.athensdemocracyforum.com/typo3conf/ext/adf/Resources/Public/Images/favicon.ico
|
https://www.athensdemocracyforum.com/typo3conf/ext/adf/Resources/Public/Images/favicon.ico
|
[
"https://www.athensdemocracyforum.com/assets/adf/img/logo_print.png",
"https://www.athensdemocracyforum.com/fileadmin/_processed_/2/e/csm_corinne_01_c923e41b70.jpg",
"https://www.athensdemocracyforum.com/assets/adf/img/logo_print.png",
"https://www.athensdemocracyforum.com/typo3conf/ext/cf_cookiemanager/Resources/Public/Icons/Extension.svg",
"https://px.ads.linkedin.com/collect/?pid=3973530&fmt=gif",
"https://px.ads.linkedin.com/collect/?pid=1363380&fmt=gif"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] | null |
Corinne Momal-Vanian is executive director of the Kofi Annan Foundation. Previously, she worked in various senior positions and a variety of countries for th...
|
en
|
/typo3conf/ext/adf/Resources/Public/Images/favicon.ico
|
https://www.athensdemocracyforum.com/about/our-team/advisory-board/corinne-momal-vanian/
|
Corinne Momal-Vanian is executive director of the Kofi Annan Foundation. Previously, she worked in various senior positions and a variety of countries for the United Nations, most recently as director of conference management in the United Nations Office at Geneva from 2015 to 2020 and previously as director of information from 2010 to 2015.
Ms. Momal-Vanian served as special assistant to Kofi Annan in 2005 and 2006, traveling with him to some 20 countries as he worked to resolve crises, defuse tensions, highlight the plight of communities and individuals suffering from discrimination and abuses, build international cooperation and strengthen support for development and justice. She worked for a total of six years in the executive office of the secretary general, after serving in two regional economic and social commissions of the United Nations.
Passionate about justice, gender equality, inclusion, innovation and learning, Ms. Momal-Vanian chaired the Steering Group of the International Gender Champions from 2016 to 2019 and was a co-organizer of the three editions of TEDxPlaceDesNations.
A French citizen, she holds a master’s degree in business administration from HEC Paris Graduate School of Management and an advanced degree in international relations from Sciences Po. She recently completed an executive certificate in management and leadership at the M.I.T. Sloan School of Management.
|
|||
7733
|
dbpedia
|
3
| 14
|
https://issuu.com/kabs/docs/2952.1007_kabs_jaarverslag_2010
|
en
|
Kofi Annan Business Schools Foundation Annual report 2009-2010
|
[
"https://static.isu.pub/fe/product-header-frontend/387efd2/31d186ba39f38e8c4fac.png",
"https://static.issuu.com/fe/silkscreen/0.0.3042/icons/gradient/icon-canva-gradient.svg",
"https://static.isu.pub/fe/product-header-frontend/387efd2/1e794a8c4ec65e549678.png",
"https://photo.isu.pub/kabs/photo_large.jpg",
"https://image.isu.pub/130620151926-05540a444bf0ab5951ddc92222f2581a/jpg/page_1_thumb_large.jpg",
"https://image.isu.pub/120322104240-7e77dfb5627540a0b3b600c8f061ecb0/jpg/page_1_thumb_large.jpg",
"https://static.issuu.com/fe/silkscreen/0.0.2541/icons/gradient/icon-instagram-gradient.svg"
] |
[] |
[] |
[
""
] | null |
[] |
2011-03-01T00:00:00+00:00
|
Kofi Annan Business Schools Foundation Annual report 2009-2010
|
en
|
/favicon.ico
|
Issuu
|
https://issuu.com/kabs/docs/2952.1007_kabs_jaarverslag_2010
|
Welcome to Issuu’s blog: home to product news, tips, resources, interviews (and more) related to content marketing and publishing.
Here you'll find an answer to your question.
|