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Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
Consider a game, wherein the player has to guess a target word. All the player knows is the length of the target word.
To help them in their goal, the game will accept guesses, and return the number of letters that are in the correct position.
Write a method that, given the correct word and the player's guess, returns this number.
For example, here's a possible thought process for someone trying to guess the word "dog":
```cs
CountCorrectCharacters("dog", "car"); //0 (No letters are in the correct position)
CountCorrectCharacters("dog", "god"); //1 ("o")
CountCorrectCharacters("dog", "cog"); //2 ("o" and "g")
CountCorrectCharacters("dog", "cod"); //1 ("o")
CountCorrectCharacters("dog", "bog"); //2 ("o" and "g")
CountCorrectCharacters("dog", "dog"); //3 (Correct!)
```
```python
count_correct_characters("dog", "car"); #0 (No letters are in the correct position)
count_correct_characters("dog", "god"); #1 ("o")
count_correct_characters("dog", "cog"); #2 ("o" and "g")
count_correct_characters("dog", "cod"); #1 ("o")
count_correct_characters("dog", "bog"); #2 ("o" and "g")
count_correct_characters("dog", "dog"); #3 (Correct!)
```
The caller should ensure that the guessed word is always the same length as the correct word, but since it could cause problems if this were not the case, you need to check for this eventuality:
```cs
//Throw an InvalidOperationException if the two parameters are of different lengths.
```
```python
#Raise an exception if the two parameters are of different lengths.
```
You may assume, however, that the two parameters will always be in the same case.
Write your solution by modifying this code:
```python
def count_correct_characters(correct, guess):
```
Your solution should implemented in the function "count_correct_characters". The i
Read the inputs from stdin solve the problem and write the answer to stdout (do not directly test on the sample inputs). Enclose your code within ```python delimiters.
|
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
New Year is coming! Vasya has prepared a New Year's verse and wants to recite it in front of Santa Claus.
Vasya's verse contains $n$ parts. It takes $a_i$ seconds to recite the $i$-th part. Vasya can't change the order of parts in the verse: firstly he recites the part which takes $a_1$ seconds, secondly — the part which takes $a_2$ seconds, and so on. After reciting the verse, Vasya will get the number of presents equal to the number of parts he fully recited.
Vasya can skip at most one part of the verse while reciting it (if he skips more than one part, then Santa will definitely notice it).
Santa will listen to Vasya's verse for no more than $s$ seconds. For example, if $s = 10$, $a = [100, 9, 1, 1]$, and Vasya skips the first part of verse, then he gets two presents.
Note that it is possible to recite the whole verse (if there is enough time).
Determine which part Vasya needs to skip to obtain the maximum possible number of gifts. If Vasya shouldn't skip anything, print 0. If there are multiple answers, print any of them.
You have to process $t$ test cases.
-----Input-----
The first line contains one integer $t$ ($1 \le t \le 100$) — the number of test cases.
The first line of each test case contains two integers $n$ and $s$ ($1 \le n \le 10^5, 1 \le s \le 10^9$) — the number of parts in the verse and the maximum number of seconds Santa will listen to Vasya, respectively.
The second line of each test case contains $n$ integers $a_1, a_2, \dots, a_n$ ($1 \le a_i \le 10^9$) — the time it takes to recite each part of the verse.
It is guaranteed that the sum of $n$ over all test cases does not exceed $10^5$.
-----Output-----
For each test case print one integer — the number of the part that Vasya needs to skip to obtain the maximum number of gifts. If Vasya shouldn't skip any parts, print 0.
-----Example-----
Input
3
7 11
2 9 1 3 18 1 4
4 35
11 9 10 7
1 8
5
Output
2
1
0
-----Note-----
In the first test case if Vasya skips the second part then he gets three gifts.
In the second test case no matter what part of the verse Vasya skips.
In the third test case Vasya can recite the whole verse.
Read the inputs from stdin solve the problem and write the answer to stdout (do not directly test on the sample inputs). Enclose your code within ```python delimiters.
|
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
After Vitaly was expelled from the university, he became interested in the graph theory.
Vitaly especially liked the cycles of an odd length in which each vertex occurs at most once.
Vitaly was wondering how to solve the following problem. You are given an undirected graph consisting of n vertices and m edges, not necessarily connected, without parallel edges and loops. You need to find t — the minimum number of edges that must be added to the given graph in order to form a simple cycle of an odd length, consisting of more than one vertex. Moreover, he must find w — the number of ways to add t edges in order to form a cycle of an odd length (consisting of more than one vertex). It is prohibited to add loops or parallel edges.
Two ways to add edges to the graph are considered equal if they have the same sets of added edges.
Since Vitaly does not study at the university, he asked you to help him with this task.
-----Input-----
The first line of the input contains two integers n and m ($3 \leq n \leq 10^{5}, 0 \leq m \leq \operatorname{min}(\frac{n(n - 1)}{2}, 10^{5})$ — the number of vertices in the graph and the number of edges in the graph.
Next m lines contain the descriptions of the edges of the graph, one edge per line. Each edge is given by a pair of integers a_{i}, b_{i} (1 ≤ a_{i}, b_{i} ≤ n) — the vertices that are connected by the i-th edge. All numbers in the lines are separated by a single space.
It is guaranteed that the given graph doesn't contain any loops and parallel edges. The graph isn't necessarily connected.
-----Output-----
Print in the first line of the output two space-separated integers t and w — the minimum number of edges that should be added to the graph to form a simple cycle of an odd length consisting of more than one vertex where each vertex occurs at most once, and the number of ways to do this.
-----Examples-----
Input
4 4
1 2
1 3
4 2
4 3
Output
1 2
Input
3 3
1 2
2 3
3 1
Output
0 1
Input
3 0
Output
3 1
-----Note-----
The simple cycle is a cycle that doesn't contain any vertex twice.
Read the inputs from stdin solve the problem and write the answer to stdout (do not directly test on the sample inputs). Enclose your code within ```python delimiters.
|
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
You are given a simple connected undirected graph consisting of N vertices and M edges. The vertices are numbered 1 to N, and the edges are numbered 1 to M.
Edge i connects Vertex a_i and b_i bidirectionally.
Determine if three circuits (see Notes) can be formed using each of the edges exactly once.
Constraints
* All values in input are integers.
* 1 \leq N,M \leq 10^{5}
* 1 \leq a_i, b_i \leq N
* The given graph is simple and connected.
Input
Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:
N M
a_1 b_1
:
a_M b_M
Output
If three circuits can be formed using each of the edges exactly once, print `Yes`; if they cannot, print `No`.
Examples
Input
7 9
1 2
1 3
2 3
1 4
1 5
4 5
1 6
1 7
6 7
Output
Yes
Input
3 3
1 2
2 3
3 1
Output
No
Input
18 27
17 7
12 15
18 17
13 18
13 6
5 7
7 1
14 5
15 11
7 6
1 9
5 4
18 16
4 6
7 2
7 11
6 3
12 14
5 2
10 5
7 8
10 15
3 15
9 8
7 15
5 16
18 15
Output
Yes
Read the inputs from stdin solve the problem and write the answer to stdout (do not directly test on the sample inputs). Enclose your code within ```python delimiters.
|
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
A long time ago in some far country lived king Copa. After the recent king's reform, he got so large powers that started to keep the books by himself.
The total income A of his kingdom during 0-th year is known, as well as the total income B during n-th year (these numbers can be negative — it means that there was a loss in the correspondent year).
King wants to show financial stability. To do this, he needs to find common coefficient X — the coefficient of income growth during one year. This coefficient should satisfy the equation:
A·Xn = B.
Surely, the king is not going to do this job by himself, and demands you to find such number X.
It is necessary to point out that the fractional numbers are not used in kingdom's economy. That's why all input numbers as well as coefficient X must be integers. The number X may be zero or negative.
Input
The input contains three integers A, B, n (|A|, |B| ≤ 1000, 1 ≤ n ≤ 10).
Output
Output the required integer coefficient X, or «No solution», if such a coefficient does not exist or it is fractional. If there are several possible solutions, output any of them.
Examples
Input
2 18 2
Output
3
Input
-1 8 3
Output
-2
Input
0 0 10
Output
5
Input
1 16 5
Output
No solution
Read the inputs from stdin solve the problem and write the answer to stdout (do not directly test on the sample inputs). Enclose your code within ```python delimiters.
|
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
Given an array of integers your solution should find the smallest integer.
For example:
- Given `[34, 15, 88, 2]` your solution will return `2`
- Given `[34, -345, -1, 100]` your solution will return `-345`
You can assume, for the purpose of this kata, that the supplied array will not be empty.
Write your solution by modifying this code:
```python
def find_smallest_int(arr):
```
Your solution should implemented in the function "find_smallest_int". The i
Read the inputs from stdin solve the problem and write the answer to stdout (do not directly test on the sample inputs). Enclose your code within ```python delimiters.
|
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
Xenia the vigorous detective faced n (n ≥ 2) foreign spies lined up in a row. We'll consider the spies numbered from 1 to n from left to right.
Spy s has an important note. He has to pass the note to spy f. Xenia interrogates the spies in several steps. During one step the spy keeping the important note can pass the note to one of his neighbours in the row. In other words, if this spy's number is x, he can pass the note to another spy, either x - 1 or x + 1 (if x = 1 or x = n, then the spy has only one neighbour). Also during a step the spy can keep a note and not pass it to anyone.
But nothing is that easy. During m steps Xenia watches some spies attentively. Specifically, during step t_{i} (steps are numbered from 1) Xenia watches spies numbers l_{i}, l_{i} + 1, l_{i} + 2, ..., r_{i} (1 ≤ l_{i} ≤ r_{i} ≤ n). Of course, if during some step a spy is watched, he can't do anything: neither give the note nor take it from some other spy. Otherwise, Xenia reveals the spies' cunning plot. Nevertheless, if the spy at the current step keeps the note, Xenia sees nothing suspicious even if she watches him.
You've got s and f. Also, you have the steps during which Xenia watches spies and which spies she is going to watch during each step. Find the best way the spies should act in order to pass the note from spy s to spy f as quickly as possible (in the minimum number of steps).
-----Input-----
The first line contains four integers n, m, s and f (1 ≤ n, m ≤ 10^5; 1 ≤ s, f ≤ n; s ≠ f; n ≥ 2). Each of the following m lines contains three integers t_{i}, l_{i}, r_{i} (1 ≤ t_{i} ≤ 10^9, 1 ≤ l_{i} ≤ r_{i} ≤ n). It is guaranteed that t_1 < t_2 < t_3 < ... < t_{m}.
-----Output-----
Print k characters in a line: the i-th character in the line must represent the spies' actions on step i. If on step i the spy with the note must pass the note to the spy with a lesser number, the i-th character should equal "L". If on step i the spy with the note must pass it to the spy with a larger number, the i-th character must equal "R". If the spy must keep the note at the i-th step, the i-th character must equal "X".
As a result of applying the printed sequence of actions spy s must pass the note to spy f. The number of printed characters k must be as small as possible. Xenia must not catch the spies passing the note.
If there are miltiple optimal solutions, you can print any of them. It is guaranteed that the answer exists.
-----Examples-----
Input
3 5 1 3
1 1 2
2 2 3
3 3 3
4 1 1
10 1 3
Output
XXRR
Read the inputs from stdin solve the problem and write the answer to stdout (do not directly test on the sample inputs). Enclose your code within ```python delimiters.
|
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
In Aizu prefecture, we decided to create a new town to increase the population. To that end, we decided to cultivate a new rectangular land and divide this land into squares of the same size. The cost of developing this land is proportional to the number of plots, but the prefecture wants to minimize this cost.
Create a program to find the minimum maintenance cost for all plots, given the east-west and north-south lengths of the newly cultivated land and the maintenance cost per plot.
Input
The input is given in the following format.
W H C
The input is one line, the length W (1 ≤ W ≤ 1000) in the east-west direction and the length H (1 ≤ H ≤ 1000) in the north-south direction of the newly cultivated land, and the maintenance cost per plot C (1 ≤ 1000). C ≤ 1000) is given as an integer.
Output
Output the minimum cost required to maintain the land in one line.
Examples
Input
10 20 5
Output
10
Input
27 6 1
Output
18
Read the inputs from stdin solve the problem and write the answer to stdout (do not directly test on the sample inputs). Enclose your code within ```python delimiters.
|
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
Anfisa the monkey learns to type. She is yet unfamiliar with the "space" key and can only type in lower-case Latin letters. Having typed for a fairly long line, Anfisa understood that it would be great to divide what she has written into k lines not shorter than a and not longer than b, for the text to resemble human speech more. Help Anfisa.
Input
The first line contains three integers k, a and b (1 ≤ k ≤ 200, 1 ≤ a ≤ b ≤ 200). The second line contains a sequence of lowercase Latin letters — the text typed by Anfisa. It is guaranteed that the given line is not empty and its length does not exceed 200 symbols.
Output
Print k lines, each of which contains no less than a and no more than b symbols — Anfisa's text divided into lines. It is not allowed to perform any changes in the text, such as: deleting or adding symbols, changing their order, etc. If the solution is not unique, print any of them. If there is no solution, print "No solution" (without quotes).
Examples
Input
3 2 5
abrakadabra
Output
ab
rakad
abra
Input
4 1 2
abrakadabra
Output
No solution
Read the inputs from stdin solve the problem and write the answer to stdout (do not directly test on the sample inputs). Enclose your code within ```python delimiters.
|
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
The famous global economic crisis is approaching rapidly, so the states of Berman, Berance and Bertaly formed an alliance and allowed the residents of all member states to freely pass through the territory of any of them. In addition, it was decided that a road between the states should be built to guarantee so that one could any point of any country can be reached from any point of any other State.
Since roads are always expensive, the governments of the states of the newly formed alliance asked you to help them assess the costs. To do this, you have been issued a map that can be represented as a rectangle table consisting of n rows and m columns. Any cell of the map either belongs to one of three states, or is an area where it is allowed to build a road, or is an area where the construction of the road is not allowed. A cell is called passable, if it belongs to one of the states, or the road was built in this cell. From any passable cells you can move up, down, right and left, if the cell that corresponds to the movement exists and is passable.
Your task is to construct a road inside a minimum number of cells, so that it would be possible to get from any cell of any state to any cell of any other state using only passable cells.
It is guaranteed that initially it is possible to reach any cell of any state from any cell of this state, moving only along its cells. It is also guaranteed that for any state there is at least one cell that belongs to it.
-----Input-----
The first line of the input contains the dimensions of the map n and m (1 ≤ n, m ≤ 1000) — the number of rows and columns respectively.
Each of the next n lines contain m characters, describing the rows of the map. Digits from 1 to 3 represent the accessory to the corresponding state. The character '.' corresponds to the cell where it is allowed to build a road and the character '#' means no construction is allowed in this cell.
-----Output-----
Print a single integer — the minimum number of cells you need to build a road inside in order to connect all the cells of all states. If such a goal is unachievable, print -1.
-----Examples-----
Input
4 5
11..2
#..22
#.323
.#333
Output
2
Input
1 5
1#2#3
Output
-1
Read the inputs from stdin solve the problem and write the answer to stdout (do not directly test on the sample inputs). Enclose your code within ```python delimiters.
|
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
As a New Year's gift, Dolphin received a string s of length 19.
The string s has the following format: [five lowercase English letters],[seven lowercase English letters],[five lowercase English letters].
Dolphin wants to convert the comma-separated string s into a space-separated string.
Write a program to perform the conversion for him.
-----Constraints-----
- The length of s is 19.
- The sixth and fourteenth characters in s are ,.
- The other characters in s are lowercase English letters.
-----Input-----
The input is given from Standard Input in the following format:
s
-----Output-----
Print the string after the conversion.
-----Sample Input-----
happy,newyear,enjoy
-----Sample Output-----
happy newyear enjoy
Replace all the commas in happy,newyear,enjoy with spaces to obtain happy newyear enjoy.
Read the inputs from stdin solve the problem and write the answer to stdout (do not directly test on the sample inputs). Enclose your code within ```python delimiters.
|
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
In the year of $30XX$ participants of some world programming championship live in a single large hotel. The hotel has $n$ floors. Each floor has $m$ sections with a single corridor connecting all of them. The sections are enumerated from $1$ to $m$ along the corridor, and all sections with equal numbers on different floors are located exactly one above the other. Thus, the hotel can be represented as a rectangle of height $n$ and width $m$. We can denote sections with pairs of integers $(i, j)$, where $i$ is the floor, and $j$ is the section number on the floor.
The guests can walk along the corridor on each floor, use stairs and elevators. Each stairs or elevator occupies all sections $(1, x)$, $(2, x)$, $\ldots$, $(n, x)$ for some $x$ between $1$ and $m$. All sections not occupied with stairs or elevators contain guest rooms. It takes one time unit to move between neighboring sections on the same floor or to move one floor up or down using stairs. It takes one time unit to move up to $v$ floors in any direction using an elevator. You can assume you don't have to wait for an elevator, and the time needed to enter or exit an elevator is negligible.
You are to process $q$ queries. Each query is a question "what is the minimum time needed to go from a room in section $(x_1, y_1)$ to a room in section $(x_2, y_2)$?"
-----Input-----
The first line contains five integers $n, m, c_l, c_e, v$ ($2 \leq n, m \leq 10^8$, $0 \leq c_l, c_e \leq 10^5$, $1 \leq c_l + c_e \leq m - 1$, $1 \leq v \leq n - 1$) — the number of floors and section on each floor, the number of stairs, the number of elevators and the maximum speed of an elevator, respectively.
The second line contains $c_l$ integers $l_1, \ldots, l_{c_l}$ in increasing order ($1 \leq l_i \leq m$), denoting the positions of the stairs. If $c_l = 0$, the second line is empty.
The third line contains $c_e$ integers $e_1, \ldots, e_{c_e}$ in increasing order, denoting the elevators positions in the same format. It is guaranteed that all integers $l_i$ and $e_i$ are distinct.
The fourth line contains a single integer $q$ ($1 \leq q \leq 10^5$) — the number of queries.
The next $q$ lines describe queries. Each of these lines contains four integers $x_1, y_1, x_2, y_2$ ($1 \leq x_1, x_2 \leq n$, $1 \leq y_1, y_2 \leq m$) — the coordinates of starting and finishing sections for the query. It is guaranteed that the starting and finishing sections are distinct. It is also guaranteed that these sections contain guest rooms, i. e. $y_1$ and $y_2$ are not among $l_i$ and $e_i$.
-----Output-----
Print $q$ integers, one per line — the answers for the queries.
-----Example-----
Input
5 6 1 1 3
2
5
3
1 1 5 6
1 3 5 4
3 3 5 3
Output
7
5
4
-----Note-----
In the first query the optimal way is to go to the elevator in the 5-th section in four time units, use it to go to the fifth floor in two time units and go to the destination in one more time unit.
In the second query it is still optimal to use the elevator, but in the third query it is better to use the stairs in the section 2.
Read the inputs from stdin solve the problem and write the answer to stdout (do not directly test on the sample inputs). Enclose your code within ```python delimiters.
|
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
You have N items that you want to put them into a knapsack. Item i has value vi and weight wi.
You want to find a subset of items to put such that:
* The total value of the items is as large as possible.
* The items have combined weight at most W, that is capacity of the knapsack.
Find the maximum total value of items in the knapsack.
Constraints
* 1 ≤ N ≤ 40
* 1 ≤ vi ≤ 1015
* 1 ≤ wi ≤ 1015
* 1 ≤ W ≤ 1015
Input
N W
v1 w1
v2 w2
:
vN wN
The first line consists of the integers N and W. In the following N lines, the value and weight of the i-th item are given.
Output
Print the maximum total values of the items in a line.
Examples
Input
4 5
4 2
5 2
2 1
8 3
Output
13
Input
2 20
5 9
4 10
Output
9
Read the inputs from stdin solve the problem and write the answer to stdout (do not directly test on the sample inputs). Enclose your code within ```python delimiters.
|
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
Given a time in AM/PM format as a string, convert it to military (24-hour) time as a string.
Midnight is 12:00:00AM on a 12-hour clock, and 00:00:00 on a 24-hour clock. Noon is 12:00:00PM on a 12-hour clock, and 12:00:00 on a 24-hour clock
Sample Input: 07:05:45PM
Sample Output: 19:05:45
Try not to use built in DateTime libraries.
For more information on military time, check the wiki https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/24-hour_clock#Military_time
Write your solution by modifying this code:
```python
def get_military_time(time):
```
Your solution should implemented in the function "get_military_time". The i
Read the inputs from stdin solve the problem and write the answer to stdout (do not directly test on the sample inputs). Enclose your code within ```python delimiters.
|
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
# Sentence Smash
Write a function that takes an array of words and smashes them together into a sentence and returns the sentence. You can ignore any need to sanitize words or add punctuation, but you should add spaces between each word. **Be careful, there shouldn't be a space at the beginning or the end of the sentence!**
## Example
```
['hello', 'world', 'this', 'is', 'great'] => 'hello world this is great'
```
Write your solution by modifying this code:
```python
def smash(words):
```
Your solution should implemented in the function "smash". The i
Read the inputs from stdin solve the problem and write the answer to stdout (do not directly test on the sample inputs). Enclose your code within ```python delimiters.
|
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
Write a function that returns the index of the first occurence of the word "Wally". "Wally" must not be part of another word, but it can be directly followed by a punctuation mark. If no such "Wally" exists, return -1.
Examples:
"Wally" => 0
"Where's Wally" => 8
"Where's Waldo" => -1
"DWally Wallyd .Wally" => -1
"Hi Wally." => 3
"It's Wally's." => 5
"Wally Wally" => 0
"'Wally Wally" => 7
Write your solution by modifying this code:
```python
def wheres_wally(string):
```
Your solution should implemented in the function "wheres_wally". The i
Read the inputs from stdin solve the problem and write the answer to stdout (do not directly test on the sample inputs). Enclose your code within ```python delimiters.
|
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
zscoder has a deck of $n+m$ custom-made cards, which consists of $n$ cards labelled from $1$ to $n$ and $m$ jokers. Since zscoder is lonely, he wants to play a game with himself using those cards.
Initially, the deck is shuffled uniformly randomly and placed on the table. zscoder has a set $S$ which is initially empty.
Every second, zscoder draws the top card from the deck. If the card has a number $x$ written on it, zscoder removes the card and adds $x$ to the set $S$. If the card drawn is a joker, zscoder places all the cards back into the deck and reshuffles (uniformly randomly) the $n+m$ cards to form a new deck (hence the new deck now contains all cards from $1$ to $n$ and the $m$ jokers). Then, if $S$ currently contains all the elements from $1$ to $n$, the game ends. Shuffling the deck doesn't take time at all.
What is the expected number of seconds before the game ends? We can show that the answer can be written in the form $\frac{P}{Q}$ where $P, Q$ are relatively prime integers and $Q \neq 0 \bmod 998244353$. Output the value of $(P \cdot Q^{-1})$ modulo $998244353$.
-----Input-----
The only line of the input contains two integers $n$ and $m$ ($1 \le n, m \le 2 \cdot 10^{6}$).
-----Output-----
Output a single integer, the value of $(P \cdot Q^{-1})$ modulo $998244353$.
-----Examples-----
Input
2 1
Output
5
Input
3 2
Output
332748127
Input
14 9
Output
969862773
-----Note-----
For the first sample, it can be proven that the expected time before the game ends is $5$ seconds.
For the second sample, it can be proven that the expected time before the game ends is $\frac{28}{3}$ seconds.
Read the inputs from stdin solve the problem and write the answer to stdout (do not directly test on the sample inputs). Enclose your code within ```python delimiters.
|
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
In this Kata you are to implement a function that parses a string which is composed from tokens of the form 'n1-n2,n3,n4-n5:n6' where 'nX' is a positive integer. Each token represent a different range:
'n1-n2' represents the range n1 to n2 (inclusive in both ends).
'n3' represents the single integer n3.
'n4-n5:n6' represents the range n4 to n5 (inclusive in both ends) but only includes every other n6 integer.
Notes:
1. The input string doesn't not have to include all the token types.
2. All integers are assumed to be positive.
3. Tokens may be separated by `','`, `', '` or ` , `.
Some examples:
'1-10,14, 20-25:2' -> [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 14, 20, 22, 24]
'5-10' -> [5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
'2' -> [2]
The output should be a list of integers.
Write your solution by modifying this code:
```python
def range_parser(string):
```
Your solution should implemented in the function "range_parser". The i
Read the inputs from stdin solve the problem and write the answer to stdout (do not directly test on the sample inputs). Enclose your code within ```python delimiters.
|
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
In McD's Burger, n hungry burger fans are ordering burgers. The ith order is placed by the ith fan at ti time and it takes di time to procees. What is the order in which the fans will get their burgers?
Input Format
On the first line you will get n, the number of orders. Then n lines will follow. On the (i+1)th line, you will get ti and di separated by a single space.
Output Format
Print the order ( as single space separated integers ) in which the burger fans get their burgers. If two fans get the burger at the same time, then print the smallest numbered order first.(remember, the fans are numbered 1 to n).
Constraints
1≤n≤103
1≤ti,di≤106
SAMPLE INPUT
5
8 1
4 2
5 6
3 1
4 3
SAMPLE OUTPUT
4 2 5 1 3
Explanation
The first order is placed at time 3 and it takes 1 unit of time to process, so the burger is sent to the customer at time 4.
The second order is placed at time 4 and it takes 2 units of time to process, the burger is sent to customer at time 6.
The third order is placed at time 4 and it takes 3 units of time to process, the burger is sent to the customer at time 7.
Similarly, the fourth and fifth orders are sent to the customer at time 9 and time 11.
So the order of delivery of burgers is, 4 2 5 1 3.
Read the inputs from stdin solve the problem and write the answer to stdout (do not directly test on the sample inputs). Enclose your code within ```python delimiters.
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Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
Sagheer is working at a kindergarten. There are n children and m different toys. These children use well-defined protocols for playing with the toys:
* Each child has a lovely set of toys that he loves to play with. He requests the toys one after another at distinct moments of time. A child starts playing if and only if he is granted all the toys in his lovely set.
* If a child starts playing, then sooner or later he gives the toys back. No child keeps the toys forever.
* Children request toys at distinct moments of time. No two children request a toy at the same time.
* If a child is granted a toy, he never gives it back until he finishes playing with his lovely set.
* If a child is not granted a toy, he waits until he is granted this toy. He can't request another toy while waiting.
* If two children are waiting for the same toy, then the child who requested it first will take the toy first.
Children don't like to play with each other. That's why they never share toys. When a child requests a toy, then granting the toy to this child depends on whether the toy is free or not. If the toy is free, Sagheer will give it to the child. Otherwise, the child has to wait for it and can't request another toy.
Children are smart and can detect if they have to wait forever before they get the toys they want. In such case they start crying. In other words, a crying set is a set of children in which each child is waiting for a toy that is kept by another child in the set.
Now, we have reached a scenario where all the children made all the requests for their lovely sets, except for one child x that still has one last request for his lovely set. Some children are playing while others are waiting for a toy, but no child is crying, and no one has yet finished playing. If the child x is currently waiting for some toy, he makes his last request just after getting that toy. Otherwise, he makes the request right away. When child x will make his last request, how many children will start crying?
You will be given the scenario and q independent queries. Each query will be of the form x y meaning that the last request of the child x is for the toy y. Your task is to help Sagheer find the size of the maximal crying set when child x makes his last request.
Input
The first line contains four integers n, m, k, q (1 ≤ n, m, k, q ≤ 105) — the number of children, toys, scenario requests and queries.
Each of the next k lines contains two integers a, b (1 ≤ a ≤ n and 1 ≤ b ≤ m) — a scenario request meaning child a requests toy b. The requests are given in the order they are made by children.
Each of the next q lines contains two integers x, y (1 ≤ x ≤ n and 1 ≤ y ≤ m) — the request to be added to the scenario meaning child x will request toy y just after getting the toy he is waiting for (if any).
It is guaranteed that the scenario requests are consistent and no child is initially crying. All the scenario requests are distinct and no query coincides with a scenario request.
Output
For each query, print on a single line the number of children who will start crying when child x makes his last request for toy y. Please answer all queries independent of each other.
Examples
Input
3 3 5 1
1 1
2 2
3 3
1 2
2 3
3 1
Output
3
Input
5 4 7 2
1 1
2 2
2 1
5 1
3 3
4 4
4 1
5 3
5 4
Output
0
2
Note
In the first example, child 1 is waiting for toy 2, which child 2 has, while child 2 is waiting for top 3, which child 3 has. When child 3 makes his last request, the toy he requests is held by child 1. Each of the three children is waiting for a toy held by another child and no one is playing, so all the three will start crying.
In the second example, at the beginning, child i is holding toy i for 1 ≤ i ≤ 4. Children 1 and 3 have completed their lovely sets. After they finish playing, toy 3 will be free while toy 1 will be taken by child 2 who has just completed his lovely set. After he finishes, toys 1 and 2 will be free and child 5 will take toy 1. Now:
* In the first query, child 5 will take toy 3 and after he finishes playing, child 4 can play.
* In the second query, child 5 will request toy 4 which is held by child 4. At the same time, child 4 is waiting for toy 1 which is now held by child 5. None of them can play and they will start crying.
Read the inputs from stdin solve the problem and write the answer to stdout (do not directly test on the sample inputs). Enclose your code within ```python delimiters.
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Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
You are given an array a of n positive integers.
You can use the following operation as many times as you like: select any integer 1 ≤ k ≤ n and do one of two things:
* decrement by one k of the first elements of the array.
* decrement by one k of the last elements of the array.
For example, if n=5 and a=[3,2,2,1,4], then you can apply one of the following operations to it (not all possible options are listed below):
* decrement from the first two elements of the array. After this operation a=[2, 1, 2, 1, 4];
* decrement from the last three elements of the array. After this operation a=[3, 2, 1, 0, 3];
* decrement from the first five elements of the array. After this operation a=[2, 1, 1, 0, 3];
Determine if it is possible to make all the elements of the array equal to zero by applying a certain number of operations.
Input
The first line contains one positive integer t (1 ≤ t ≤ 30000) — the number of test cases. Then t test cases follow.
Each test case begins with a line containing one integer n (1 ≤ n ≤ 30000) — the number of elements in the array.
The second line of each test case contains n integers a_1 … a_n (1 ≤ a_i ≤ 10^6).
The sum of n over all test cases does not exceed 30000.
Output
For each test case, output on a separate line:
* YES, if it is possible to make all elements of the array equal to zero by applying a certain number of operations.
* NO, otherwise.
The letters in the words YES and NO can be outputed in any case.
Example
Input
4
3
1 2 1
5
11 7 9 6 8
5
1 3 1 3 1
4
5 2 1 10
Output
YES
YES
NO
YES
Read the inputs from stdin solve the problem and write the answer to stdout (do not directly test on the sample inputs). Enclose your code within ```python delimiters.
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Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
In this Kata, we are going to see how a Hash (or Map or dict) can be used to keep track of characters in a string.
Consider two strings `"aabcdefg"` and `"fbd"`. How many characters do we have to remove from the first string to get the second string? Although not the only way to solve this, we could create a Hash of counts for each string and see which character counts are different. That should get us close to the answer. I will leave the rest to you.
For this example, `solve("aabcdefg","fbd") = 5`. Also, `solve("xyz","yxxz") = 0`, because we cannot get second string from the first since the second string is longer.
More examples in the test cases.
Good luck!
Write your solution by modifying this code:
```python
def solve(a,b):
```
Your solution should implemented in the function "solve". The i
Read the inputs from stdin solve the problem and write the answer to stdout (do not directly test on the sample inputs). Enclose your code within ```python delimiters.
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Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
A new airplane SuperPuperJet has an infinite number of rows, numbered with positive integers starting with 1 from cockpit to tail. There are six seats in each row, denoted with letters from 'a' to 'f'. Seats 'a', 'b' and 'c' are located to the left of an aisle (if one looks in the direction of the cockpit), while seats 'd', 'e' and 'f' are located to the right. Seats 'a' and 'f' are located near the windows, while seats 'c' and 'd' are located near the aisle. [Image]
It's lunch time and two flight attendants have just started to serve food. They move from the first rows to the tail, always maintaining a distance of two rows from each other because of the food trolley. Thus, at the beginning the first attendant serves row 1 while the second attendant serves row 3. When both rows are done they move one row forward: the first attendant serves row 2 while the second attendant serves row 4. Then they move three rows forward and the first attendant serves row 5 while the second attendant serves row 7. Then they move one row forward again and so on.
Flight attendants work with the same speed: it takes exactly 1 second to serve one passenger and 1 second to move one row forward. Each attendant first serves the passengers on the seats to the right of the aisle and then serves passengers on the seats to the left of the aisle (if one looks in the direction of the cockpit). Moreover, they always serve passengers in order from the window to the aisle. Thus, the first passenger to receive food in each row is located in seat 'f', and the last one — in seat 'c'. Assume that all seats are occupied.
Vasya has seat s in row n and wants to know how many seconds will pass before he gets his lunch.
-----Input-----
The only line of input contains a description of Vasya's seat in the format ns, where n (1 ≤ n ≤ 10^18) is the index of the row and s is the seat in this row, denoted as letter from 'a' to 'f'. The index of the row and the seat are not separated by a space.
-----Output-----
Print one integer — the number of seconds Vasya has to wait until he gets his lunch.
-----Examples-----
Input
1f
Output
1
Input
2d
Output
10
Input
4a
Output
11
Input
5e
Output
18
-----Note-----
In the first sample, the first flight attendant serves Vasya first, so Vasya gets his lunch after 1 second.
In the second sample, the flight attendants will spend 6 seconds to serve everyone in the rows 1 and 3, then they will move one row forward in 1 second. As they first serve seats located to the right of the aisle in order from window to aisle, Vasya has to wait 3 more seconds. The total is 6 + 1 + 3 = 10.
Read the inputs from stdin solve the problem and write the answer to stdout (do not directly test on the sample inputs). Enclose your code within ```python delimiters.
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Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
Nikephoros and Polycarpus play rock-paper-scissors. The loser gets pinched (not too severely!).
Let us remind you the rules of this game. Rock-paper-scissors is played by two players. In each round the players choose one of three items independently from each other. They show the items with their hands: a rock, scissors or paper. The winner is determined by the following rules: the rock beats the scissors, the scissors beat the paper and the paper beats the rock. If the players choose the same item, the round finishes with a draw.
Nikephoros and Polycarpus have played n rounds. In each round the winner gave the loser a friendly pinch and the loser ended up with a fresh and new red spot on his body. If the round finished in a draw, the players did nothing and just played on.
Nikephoros turned out to have worked out the following strategy: before the game began, he chose some sequence of items A = (a1, a2, ..., am), and then he cyclically showed the items from this sequence, starting from the first one. Cyclically means that Nikephoros shows signs in the following order: a1, a2, ..., am, a1, a2, ..., am, a1, ... and so on. Polycarpus had a similar strategy, only he had his own sequence of items B = (b1, b2, ..., bk).
Determine the number of red spots on both players after they've played n rounds of the game. You can consider that when the game began, the boys had no red spots on them.
Input
The first line contains integer n (1 ≤ n ≤ 2·109) — the number of the game's rounds.
The second line contains sequence A as a string of m characters and the third line contains sequence B as a string of k characters (1 ≤ m, k ≤ 1000). The given lines only contain characters "R", "S" and "P". Character "R" stands for the rock, character "S" represents the scissors and "P" represents the paper.
Output
Print two space-separated integers: the numbers of red spots Nikephoros and Polycarpus have.
Examples
Input
7
RPS
RSPP
Output
3 2
Input
5
RRRRRRRR
R
Output
0 0
Note
In the first sample the game went like this:
* R - R. Draw.
* P - S. Nikephoros loses.
* S - P. Polycarpus loses.
* R - P. Nikephoros loses.
* P - R. Polycarpus loses.
* S - S. Draw.
* R - P. Nikephoros loses.
Thus, in total Nikephoros has 3 losses (and 3 red spots), and Polycarpus only has 2.
Read the inputs from stdin solve the problem and write the answer to stdout (do not directly test on the sample inputs). Enclose your code within ```python delimiters.
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Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
The Smart Beaver from ABBYY invented a new message encryption method and now wants to check its performance. Checking it manually is long and tiresome, so he decided to ask the ABBYY Cup contestants for help.
A message is a sequence of n integers a1, a2, ..., an. Encryption uses a key which is a sequence of m integers b1, b2, ..., bm (m ≤ n). All numbers from the message and from the key belong to the interval from 0 to c - 1, inclusive, and all the calculations are performed modulo c.
Encryption is performed in n - m + 1 steps. On the first step we add to each number a1, a2, ..., am a corresponding number b1, b2, ..., bm. On the second step we add to each number a2, a3, ..., am + 1 (changed on the previous step) a corresponding number b1, b2, ..., bm. And so on: on step number i we add to each number ai, ai + 1, ..., ai + m - 1 a corresponding number b1, b2, ..., bm. The result of the encryption is the sequence a1, a2, ..., an after n - m + 1 steps.
Help the Beaver to write a program that will encrypt messages in the described manner.
Input
The first input line contains three integers n, m and c, separated by single spaces.
The second input line contains n integers ai (0 ≤ ai < c), separated by single spaces — the original message.
The third input line contains m integers bi (0 ≤ bi < c), separated by single spaces — the encryption key.
The input limitations for getting 30 points are:
* 1 ≤ m ≤ n ≤ 103
* 1 ≤ c ≤ 103
The input limitations for getting 100 points are:
* 1 ≤ m ≤ n ≤ 105
* 1 ≤ c ≤ 103
Output
Print n space-separated integers — the result of encrypting the original message.
Examples
Input
4 3 2
1 1 1 1
1 1 1
Output
0 1 1 0
Input
3 1 5
1 2 3
4
Output
0 1 2
Note
In the first sample the encryption is performed in two steps: after the first step a = (0, 0, 0, 1) (remember that the calculations are performed modulo 2), after the second step a = (0, 1, 1, 0), and that is the answer.
Read the inputs from stdin solve the problem and write the answer to stdout (do not directly test on the sample inputs). Enclose your code within ```python delimiters.
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Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
An array is called `zero-balanced` if its elements sum to `0` and for each positive element `n`, there exists another element that is the negative of `n`. Write a function named `ìsZeroBalanced` that returns `true` if its argument is `zero-balanced` array, else return `false`. Note that an `empty array` will not sum to `zero`.
Write your solution by modifying this code:
```python
def is_zero_balanced(arr):
```
Your solution should implemented in the function "is_zero_balanced". The i
Read the inputs from stdin solve the problem and write the answer to stdout (do not directly test on the sample inputs). Enclose your code within ```python delimiters.
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Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
Given a tree T with non-negative weight, find the height of each node of the tree. For each node, the height is the distance to the most distant leaf from the node.
Constraints
* 1 ≤ n ≤ 10,000
* 0 ≤ wi ≤ 1,000
Input
n
s1 t1 w1
s2 t2 w2
:
sn-1 tn-1 wn-1
The first line consists of an integer n which represents the number of nodes in the tree. Every node has a unique ID from 0 to n-1 respectively.
In the following n-1 lines, edges of the tree are given. si and ti represent end-points of the i-th edge (undirected) and wi represents the weight (distance) of the i-th edge.
Output
The output consists of n lines. Print the height of each node 0, 1, 2, ..., n-1 in order.
Example
Input
4
0 1 2
1 2 1
1 3 3
Output
5
3
4
5
Read the inputs from stdin solve the problem and write the answer to stdout (do not directly test on the sample inputs). Enclose your code within ```python delimiters.
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Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
Andrewid the Android is a galaxy-famous detective. In his free time he likes to think about strings containing zeros and ones.
Once he thought about a string of length n consisting of zeroes and ones. Consider the following operation: we choose any two adjacent positions in the string, and if one them contains 0, and the other contains 1, then we are allowed to remove these two digits from the string, obtaining a string of length n - 2 as a result.
Now Andreid thinks about what is the minimum length of the string that can remain after applying the described operation several times (possibly, zero)? Help him to calculate this number.
-----Input-----
First line of the input contains a single integer n (1 ≤ n ≤ 2·10^5), the length of the string that Andreid has.
The second line contains the string of length n consisting only from zeros and ones.
-----Output-----
Output the minimum length of the string that may remain after applying the described operations several times.
-----Examples-----
Input
4
1100
Output
0
Input
5
01010
Output
1
Input
8
11101111
Output
6
-----Note-----
In the first sample test it is possible to change the string like the following: $1100 \rightarrow 10 \rightarrow(\text{empty})$.
In the second sample test it is possible to change the string like the following: $01010 \rightarrow 010 \rightarrow 0$.
In the third sample test it is possible to change the string like the following: $11101111 \rightarrow 111111$.
Read the inputs from stdin solve the problem and write the answer to stdout (do not directly test on the sample inputs). Enclose your code within ```python delimiters.
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Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
# RegExp Fun #1 - When I miss few days of gym
## Disclaimer
The background story of this Kata is 100% fiction. Any resemblance to real people or real events is **nothing more than a coincidence** and should be regarded as such.
## Background Story
You are a person who loves to go to the gym everyday with the squad of people that you've known since early childhood. However, you recently contracted a sickness that forced you to stay at home for over a week. As you see your body getting weaker and weaker every day and as you see your biceps and triceps disappearing, you can't help but lay in bed and cry. You're usually an optimistic person but this time negative thoughts come to your head ...
## Task
As can be seen from the funny image above (or am I the only person to find the picture above hilarious?) there is lots of slang. Your task is to define a function ```gymSlang``` which accepts a string argument and does the following:
1. Replace *all* instances of ```"probably"``` to ```"prolly"```
2. Replace *all* instances of ```"i am"``` to ```"i'm"```
3. Replace *all* instances of ```"instagram"``` to ```"insta"```
4. Replace *all* instances of ```"do not"``` to ```"don't"```
5. Replace *all* instances of ```"going to"``` to ```"gonna"```
6. Replace *all* instances of ```"combination"``` to ```"combo"```
Your replacement regexes **should be case-sensitive**, only replacing the words above with slang if the detected pattern is in **lowercase**. However, please note that apart from 100% lowercase matches, you will **also have to replace matches that are correctly capitalized** (e.g. ```"Probably" => "Prolly"``` or ```"Instagram" => "Insta"```).
Finally, your code will be tested to make sure that you have used **RegExp** replace in your code.
Enjoy :D
Write your solution by modifying this code:
```python
def gym_slang(phrase):
```
Your solution should implemented in the function "gym_slang". The i
Read the inputs from stdin solve the problem and write the answer to stdout (do not directly test on the sample inputs). Enclose your code within ```python delimiters.
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Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
In this problem, we use the 24-hour clock.
Takahashi gets up exactly at the time H_1 : M_1 and goes to bed exactly at the time H_2 : M_2. (See Sample Inputs below for clarity.) He has decided to study for K consecutive minutes while he is up. What is the length of the period in which he can start studying?
Constraints
* 0 \le H_1, H_2 \le 23
* 0 \le M_1, M_2 \le 59
* The time H_1 : M_1 comes before the time H_2 : M_2.
* K \ge 1
* Takahashi is up for at least K minutes.
* All values in input are integers (without leading zeros).
Input
Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:
H_1 M_1 H_2 M_2 K
Output
Print the length of the period in which he can start studying, as an integer.
Examples
Input
10 0 15 0 30
Output
270
Input
10 0 12 0 120
Output
0
Read the inputs from stdin solve the problem and write the answer to stdout (do not directly test on the sample inputs). Enclose your code within ```python delimiters.
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Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
An elementary school student Takahashi has come to a variety store.
He has two coins, A-yen and B-yen coins (yen is the currency of Japan), and wants to buy a toy that costs C yen. Can he buy it?
Note that he lives in Takahashi Kingdom, and may have coins that do not exist in Japan.
-----Constraints-----
- All input values are integers.
- 1 \leq A, B \leq 500
- 1 \leq C \leq 1000
-----Input-----
Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:
A B C
-----Output-----
If Takahashi can buy the toy, print Yes; if he cannot, print No.
-----Sample Input-----
50 100 120
-----Sample Output-----
Yes
He has 50 + 100 = 150 yen, so he can buy the 120-yen toy.
Read the inputs from stdin solve the problem and write the answer to stdout (do not directly test on the sample inputs). Enclose your code within ```python delimiters.
|
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
You are given a square grid with $n$ rows and $n$ columns, where each cell has a non-negative integer written in it. There is a chip initially placed at the top left cell (the cell with coordinates $(1, 1)$). You need to move the chip to the bottom right cell (the cell with coordinates $(n, n)$).
In one step, you can move the chip to the neighboring cell, but:
you can move only right or down. In other words, if the current cell is $(x, y)$, you can move either to $(x, y + 1)$ or to $(x + 1, y)$. There are two special cases:
if the chip is in the last column (cell $(x, n)$) and you're moving right, you'll teleport to the first column (to the cell $(x, 1)$);
if the chip is in the last row (cell $(n, y)$) and you're moving down, you'll teleport to the first row (to the cell $(1, y)$).
you cannot visit the same cell twice. The starting cell is counted visited from the beginning (so you cannot enter it again), and you can't leave the finishing cell once you visit it.
Your total score is counted as the sum of numbers in all cells you have visited. What is the maximum possible score you can achieve?
-----Input-----
The first line contains the single integer $n$ ($2 \le n \le 200$) — the number of rows and columns in the grid.
Next $n$ lines contains the description of each row of the grid. The $i$-th line contains $n$ integers $a_{i, 1}, a_{i, 2}, \dots, a_{i, n}$ ($0 \le a_{i, j} \le 10^9$) where $a_{i, j}$ is the number written in the cell $(i, j)$.
-----Output-----
Print one integer — the maximum possible score you can achieve.
-----Examples-----
Input
2
1 2
3 4
Output
8
Input
3
10 10 10
10 0 10
10 10 10
Output
80
-----Note-----
None
Read the inputs from stdin solve the problem and write the answer to stdout (do not directly test on the sample inputs). Enclose your code within ```python delimiters.
|
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
One day little Vasya found mom's pocket book. The book had n names of her friends and unusually enough, each name was exactly m letters long. Let's number the names from 1 to n in the order in which they are written.
As mom wasn't home, Vasya decided to play with names: he chose three integers i, j, k (1 ≤ i < j ≤ n, 1 ≤ k ≤ m), then he took names number i and j and swapped their prefixes of length k. For example, if we take names "CBDAD" and "AABRD" and swap their prefixes with the length of 3, the result will be names "AABAD" and "CBDRD".
You wonder how many different names Vasya can write instead of name number 1, if Vasya is allowed to perform any number of the described actions. As Vasya performs each action, he chooses numbers i, j, k independently from the previous moves and his choice is based entirely on his will. The sought number can be very large, so you should only find it modulo 1000000007 (109 + 7).
Input
The first input line contains two integers n and m (1 ≤ n, m ≤ 100) — the number of names and the length of each name, correspondingly. Then n lines contain names, each name consists of exactly m uppercase Latin letters.
Output
Print the single number — the number of different names that could end up in position number 1 in the pocket book after the applying the procedures described above. Print the number modulo 1000000007 (109 + 7).
Examples
Input
2 3
AAB
BAA
Output
4
Input
4 5
ABABA
BCGDG
AAAAA
YABSA
Output
216
Note
In the first sample Vasya can get the following names in the position number 1: "AAB", "AAA", "BAA" and "BAB".
Read the inputs from stdin solve the problem and write the answer to stdout (do not directly test on the sample inputs). Enclose your code within ```python delimiters.
|
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
Write a program that extracts n different numbers from the numbers 0 to 100 and outputs the number of combinations that add up to s. Each n number is from 0 to 100, and the same number cannot be used in one combination. For example, if n is 3 and s is 6, the combination of the three numbers totaling 6 is
1 + 2 + 3 = 6
0 + 1 + 5 = 6
0 + 2 + 4 = 6
There are three ways.
Input
Given multiple datasets. For each dataset, n (1 ≤ n ≤ 9) and s (0 ≤ s ≤ 1000) are given on one line, separated by a space. When both n and s are 0, it is the end of the input.
The number of datasets does not exceed 50.
Output
For each dataset, output the number of combinations in which the sum of n integers is s on one line.
No input is given with more than 1010 combinations.
Example
Input
3 6
3 1
0 0
Output
3
0
Read the inputs from stdin solve the problem and write the answer to stdout (do not directly test on the sample inputs). Enclose your code within ```python delimiters.
|
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
The capital of Berland looks like a rectangle of size n × m of the square blocks of same size.
Fire!
It is known that k + 1 blocks got caught on fire (k + 1 ≤ n·m). Those blocks are centers of ignition. Moreover positions of k of these centers are known and one of these stays unknown. All k + 1 positions are distinct.
The fire goes the following way: during the zero minute of fire only these k + 1 centers of ignition are burning. Every next minute the fire goes to all neighbouring blocks to the one which is burning. You can consider blocks to burn for so long that this time exceeds the time taken in the problem. The neighbouring blocks are those that touch the current block by a side or by a corner.
Berland Fire Deparment wants to estimate the minimal time it takes the fire to lighten up the whole city. Remember that the positions of k blocks (centers of ignition) are known and (k + 1)-th can be positioned in any other block.
Help Berland Fire Department to estimate the minimal time it takes the fire to lighten up the whole city.
-----Input-----
The first line contains three integers n, m and k (1 ≤ n, m ≤ 10^9, 1 ≤ k ≤ 500).
Each of the next k lines contain two integers x_{i} and y_{i} (1 ≤ x_{i} ≤ n, 1 ≤ y_{i} ≤ m) — coordinates of the i-th center of ignition. It is guaranteed that the locations of all centers of ignition are distinct.
-----Output-----
Print the minimal time it takes the fire to lighten up the whole city (in minutes).
-----Examples-----
Input
7 7 3
1 2
2 1
5 5
Output
3
Input
10 5 1
3 3
Output
2
-----Note-----
In the first example the last block can have coordinates (4, 4).
In the second example the last block can have coordinates (8, 3).
Read the inputs from stdin solve the problem and write the answer to stdout (do not directly test on the sample inputs). Enclose your code within ```python delimiters.
|
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
A string is called bracket sequence if it does not contain any characters other than "(" and ")". A bracket sequence is called regular (shortly, RBS) if it is possible to obtain correct arithmetic expression by inserting characters "+" and "1" into this sequence. For example, "", "(())" and "()()" are RBS and ")(" and "(()" are not.
We can see that each opening bracket in RBS is paired with some closing bracket, and, using this fact, we can define nesting depth of the RBS as maximum number of bracket pairs, such that the $2$-nd pair lies inside the $1$-st one, the $3$-rd one — inside the $2$-nd one and so on. For example, nesting depth of "" is $0$, "()()()" is $1$ and "()((())())" is $3$.
Now, you are given RBS $s$ of even length $n$. You should color each bracket of $s$ into one of two colors: red or blue. Bracket sequence $r$, consisting only of red brackets, should be RBS, and bracket sequence, consisting only of blue brackets $b$, should be RBS. Any of them can be empty. You are not allowed to reorder characters in $s$, $r$ or $b$. No brackets can be left uncolored.
Among all possible variants you should choose one that minimizes maximum of $r$'s and $b$'s nesting depth. If there are multiple solutions you can print any of them.
-----Input-----
The first line contains an even integer $n$ ($2 \le n \le 2 \cdot 10^5$) — the length of RBS $s$.
The second line contains regular bracket sequence $s$ ($|s| = n$, $s_i \in \{$"(", ")"$\}$).
-----Output-----
Print single string $t$ of length $n$ consisting of "0"-s and "1"-s. If $t_i$ is equal to 0 then character $s_i$ belongs to RBS $r$, otherwise $s_i$ belongs to $b$.
-----Examples-----
Input
2
()
Output
11
Input
4
(())
Output
0101
Input
10
((()())())
Output
0110001111
-----Note-----
In the first example one of optimal solutions is $s = $ "$\color{blue}{()}$". $r$ is empty and $b = $ "$()$". The answer is $\max(0, 1) = 1$.
In the second example it's optimal to make $s = $ "$\color{red}{(}\color{blue}{(}\color{red}{)}\color{blue}{)}$". $r = b = $ "$()$" and the answer is $1$.
In the third example we can make $s = $ "$\color{red}{(}\color{blue}{((}\color{red}{)()}\color{blue}{)())}$". $r = $ "$()()$" and $b = $ "$(()())$" and the answer is $2$.
Read the inputs from stdin solve the problem and write the answer to stdout (do not directly test on the sample inputs). Enclose your code within ```python delimiters.
|
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
There are many freight trains departing from Kirnes planet every day. One day on that planet consists of $h$ hours, and each hour consists of $m$ minutes, where $m$ is an even number. Currently, there are $n$ freight trains, and they depart every day at the same time: $i$-th train departs at $h_i$ hours and $m_i$ minutes.
The government decided to add passenger trams as well: they plan to add a regular tram service with half-hour intervals. It means that the first tram of the day must depart at $0$ hours and $t$ minutes, where $0 \le t < {m \over 2}$, the second tram departs $m \over 2$ minutes after the first one and so on. This schedule allows exactly two passenger trams per hour, which is a great improvement.
To allow passengers to board the tram safely, the tram must arrive $k$ minutes before. During the time when passengers are boarding the tram, no freight train can depart from the planet. However, freight trains are allowed to depart at the very moment when the boarding starts, as well as at the moment when the passenger tram departs. Note that, if the first passenger tram departs at $0$ hours and $t$ minutes, where $t < k$, then the freight trains can not depart during the last $k - t$ minutes of the day.
$O$ A schematic picture of the correct way to run passenger trams. Here $h=2$ (therefore, the number of passenger trams is $2h=4$), the number of freight trains is $n=6$. The passenger trams are marked in red (note that the spaces between them are the same). The freight trains are marked in blue. Time segments of length $k$ before each passenger tram are highlighted in red. Note that there are no freight trains inside these segments.
Unfortunately, it might not be possible to satisfy the requirements of the government without canceling some of the freight trains. Please help the government find the optimal value of $t$ to minimize the number of canceled freight trains in case all passenger trams depart according to schedule.
-----Input-----
The first line of input contains four integers $n$, $h$, $m$, $k$ ($1 \le n \le 100\,000$, $1 \le h \le 10^9$, $2 \le m \le 10^9$, $m$ is even, $1 \le k \le {m \over 2}$) — the number of freight trains per day, the number of hours and minutes on the planet, and the boarding time for each passenger tram.
$n$ lines follow, each contains two integers $h_i$ and $m_i$ ($0 \le h_i < h$, $0 \le m_i < m$) — the time when $i$-th freight train departs. It is guaranteed that no freight trains depart at the same time.
-----Output-----
The first line of output should contain two integers: the minimum number of trains that need to be canceled, and the optimal starting time $t$. Second line of output should contain freight trains that need to be canceled.
-----Examples-----
Input
2 24 60 15
16 0
17 15
Output
0 0
Input
2 24 60 16
16 0
17 15
Output
1 0
2
-----Note-----
In the first test case of the example the first tram can depart at 0 hours and 0 minutes. Then the freight train at 16 hours and 0 minutes can depart at the same time as the passenger tram, and the freight train at 17 hours and 15 minutes can depart at the same time as the boarding starts for the upcoming passenger tram.
In the second test case of the example it is not possible to design the passenger tram schedule without cancelling any of the freight trains: if $t \in [1, 15]$, then the freight train at 16 hours and 0 minutes is not able to depart (since boarding time is 16 minutes). If $t = 0$ or $t \in [16, 29]$, then the freight train departing at 17 hours 15 minutes is not able to depart. However, if the second freight train is canceled, one can choose $t = 0$. Another possible option is to cancel the first train and choose $t = 13$.
Read the inputs from stdin solve the problem and write the answer to stdout (do not directly test on the sample inputs). Enclose your code within ```python delimiters.
|
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
# A History Lesson
The Pony Express was a mail service operating in the US in 1859-60.
It reduced the time for messages to travel between the Atlantic and Pacific coasts to about 10 days, before it was made obsolete by the [transcontinental telegraph](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_transcontinental_telegraph).
# How it worked
There were a number of *stations*, where:
* The rider switched to a fresh horse and carried on, or
* The mail bag was handed over to the next rider
# Kata Task
`stations` is a list/array of distances (miles) from one station to the next along the Pony Express route.
Implement the `riders` method/function, to return how many riders are necessary to get the mail from one end to the other.
**NOTE:** Each rider travels as far as he can, but never more than 100 miles.
---
*Good Luck.
DM.*
---
See also
* The Pony Express
* The Pony Express (missing rider)
Write your solution by modifying this code:
```python
def riders(stations):
```
Your solution should implemented in the function "riders". The i
Read the inputs from stdin solve the problem and write the answer to stdout (do not directly test on the sample inputs). Enclose your code within ```python delimiters.
|
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
It's well known that the best way to distract from something is to do one's favourite thing. Job is such a thing for Leha.
So the hacker began to work hard in order to get rid of boredom. It means that Leha began to hack computers all over the world. For such zeal boss gave the hacker a vacation of exactly x days. You know the majority of people prefer to go somewhere for a vacation, so Leha immediately went to the travel agency. There he found out that n vouchers left. i-th voucher is characterized by three integers l_{i}, r_{i}, cost_{i} — day of departure from Vičkopolis, day of arriving back in Vičkopolis and cost of the voucher correspondingly. The duration of the i-th voucher is a value r_{i} - l_{i} + 1.
At the same time Leha wants to split his own vocation into two parts. Besides he wants to spend as little money as possible. Formally Leha wants to choose exactly two vouchers i and j (i ≠ j) so that they don't intersect, sum of their durations is exactly x and their total cost is as minimal as possible. Two vouchers i and j don't intersect if only at least one of the following conditions is fulfilled: r_{i} < l_{j} or r_{j} < l_{i}.
Help Leha to choose the necessary vouchers!
-----Input-----
The first line contains two integers n and x (2 ≤ n, x ≤ 2·10^5) — the number of vouchers in the travel agency and the duration of Leha's vacation correspondingly.
Each of the next n lines contains three integers l_{i}, r_{i} and cost_{i} (1 ≤ l_{i} ≤ r_{i} ≤ 2·10^5, 1 ≤ cost_{i} ≤ 10^9) — description of the voucher.
-----Output-----
Print a single integer — a minimal amount of money that Leha will spend, or print - 1 if it's impossible to choose two disjoint vouchers with the total duration exactly x.
-----Examples-----
Input
4 5
1 3 4
1 2 5
5 6 1
1 2 4
Output
5
Input
3 2
4 6 3
2 4 1
3 5 4
Output
-1
-----Note-----
In the first sample Leha should choose first and third vouchers. Hereupon the total duration will be equal to (3 - 1 + 1) + (6 - 5 + 1) = 5 and the total cost will be 4 + 1 = 5.
In the second sample the duration of each voucher is 3 therefore it's impossible to choose two vouchers with the total duration equal to 2.
Read the inputs from stdin solve the problem and write the answer to stdout (do not directly test on the sample inputs). Enclose your code within ```python delimiters.
|
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
International Carpenters Professionals Company (ICPC) is a top construction company with a lot of expert carpenters. What makes ICPC a top company is their original language.
The syntax of the language is simply given in CFG as follows:
S -> SS | (S) | )S( | ε
In other words, a right parenthesis can be closed by a left parenthesis and a left parenthesis can be closed by a right parenthesis in this language.
Alex, a grad student mastering linguistics, decided to study ICPC's language. As a first step of the study, he needs to judge whether a text is well-formed in the language or not. Then, he asked you, a great programmer, to write a program for the judgement.
Alex's request is as follows: You have an empty string S in the beginning, and construct longer string by inserting a sequence of '(' or ')' into the string. You will receive q queries, each of which consists of three elements (p, c, n), where p is the position to insert, n is the number of characters to insert and c is either '(' or ')', the character to insert. For each query, your program should insert c repeated by n times into the p-th position of S from the beginning. Also it should output, after performing each insert operation, "Yes" if S is in the language and "No" if S is not in the language.
Please help Alex to support his study, otherwise he will fail to graduate the college.
Input
The first line contains one integer q (1 \leq q \leq 10^5) indicating the number of queries, follows q lines of three elements, p_i, c_i, n_i, separated by a single space (1 \leq i \leq q, c_i = '(' or ')', 0 \leq p_i \leq length of S before i-th query, 1 \leq n \leq 2^{20}). It is guaranteed that all the queries in the input are valid.
Output
For each query, output "Yes" if S is in the language and "No" if S is not in the language.
Examples
Input
3
0 ( 10
10 ) 5
10 ) 5
Output
No
No
Yes
Input
3
0 ) 10
10 ( 5
10 ( 5
Output
No
No
Yes
Input
3
0 ( 10
10 ) 20
0 ( 10
Output
No
No
Yes
Read the inputs from stdin solve the problem and write the answer to stdout (do not directly test on the sample inputs). Enclose your code within ```python delimiters.
|
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
Create a program that outputs the surface area S of a square cone with a height of h, with a square with one side x as the base. However, assume that the line segment connecting the apex and the center of the base is orthogonal to the base. Also, x and h are positive integers less than or equal to 100.
Input
Given multiple datasets. Each dataset is given in the following format:
x
h
When both x and h are 0, it indicates the end of input.
Output
Output S (real number) on one line for each data set. The output may contain an error of 0.00001 or less.
Example
Input
6
4
7
9
0
0
Output
96.000000
184.192455
Read the inputs from stdin solve the problem and write the answer to stdout (do not directly test on the sample inputs). Enclose your code within ```python delimiters.
|
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
When provided with a number between 0-9, return it in words.
Input :: 1
Output :: "One".
If your language supports it, try using a switch statement.
Write your solution by modifying this code:
```python
def switch_it_up(number):
```
Your solution should implemented in the function "switch_it_up". The i
Read the inputs from stdin solve the problem and write the answer to stdout (do not directly test on the sample inputs). Enclose your code within ```python delimiters.
|
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
# Task
let F(N) be the sum square of digits of N. So:
`F(1) = 1, F(3) = 9, F(123) = 14`
Choose a number A, the sequence {A0, A1, ...} is defined as followed:
```
A0 = A
A1 = F(A0)
A2 = F(A1) ...
```
if A = 123, we have:
```
123 → 14(1 x 1 + 2 x 2 + 3 x 3)
→ 17(1 x 1 + 4 x 4)
→ 50(1 x 1 + 7 x 7)
→ 25(5 x 5 + 0 x 0)
→ 29(2 x 2 + 5 x 5)
→ 85(2 x 2 + 9 x 9)
→ 89(8 x 8 + 5 x 5) ---
→ 145(8 x 8 + 9 x 9) |r
→ 42(1 x 1 + 4 x 4 + 5 x 5) |e
→ 20(4 x 4 + 2 x 2) |p
→ 4(2 x 2 + 0 x 0) |e
→ 16(4 x 4) |a
→ 37(1 x 1 + 6 x 6) |t
→ 58(3 x 3 + 7 x 7) |
→ 89(5 x 5 + 8 x 8) ---
→ ......
```
As you can see, the sequence repeats itself. Interestingly, whatever A is, there's an index such that from it, the sequence repeats again and again.
Let `G(A)` be the minimum length of the repeat sequence with A0 = A.
So `G(85) = 8` (8 number : `89,145,42, 20,4,16,37,58`)
Your task is to find G(A) and return it.
# Input/Output
- `[input]` integer `a0`
the A0 number
- `[output]` an integer
the length of the repeat sequence
Write your solution by modifying this code:
```python
def repeat_sequence_len(n):
```
Your solution should implemented in the function "repeat_sequence_len". The i
Read the inputs from stdin solve the problem and write the answer to stdout (do not directly test on the sample inputs). Enclose your code within ```python delimiters.
|
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
There is a rectangle in the xy-plane, with its lower left corner at (0, 0) and its upper right corner at (W, H). Each of its sides is parallel to the x-axis or y-axis. Initially, the whole region within the rectangle is painted white.
Snuke plotted N points into the rectangle. The coordinate of the i-th (1 ≦ i ≦ N) point was (x_i, y_i).
Then, he created an integer sequence a of length N, and for each 1 ≦ i ≦ N, he painted some region within the rectangle black, as follows:
- If a_i = 1, he painted the region satisfying x < x_i within the rectangle.
- If a_i = 2, he painted the region satisfying x > x_i within the rectangle.
- If a_i = 3, he painted the region satisfying y < y_i within the rectangle.
- If a_i = 4, he painted the region satisfying y > y_i within the rectangle.
Find the area of the white region within the rectangle after he finished painting.
-----Constraints-----
- 1 ≦ W, H ≦ 100
- 1 ≦ N ≦ 100
- 0 ≦ x_i ≦ W (1 ≦ i ≦ N)
- 0 ≦ y_i ≦ H (1 ≦ i ≦ N)
- W, H (21:32, added), x_i and y_i are integers.
- a_i (1 ≦ i ≦ N) is 1, 2, 3 or 4.
-----Input-----
The input is given from Standard Input in the following format:
W H N
x_1 y_1 a_1
x_2 y_2 a_2
:
x_N y_N a_N
-----Output-----
Print the area of the white region within the rectangle after Snuke finished painting.
-----Sample Input-----
5 4 2
2 1 1
3 3 4
-----Sample Output-----
9
The figure below shows the rectangle before Snuke starts painting.
First, as (x_1, y_1) = (2, 1) and a_1 = 1, he paints the region satisfying x < 2 within the rectangle:
Then, as (x_2, y_2) = (3, 3) and a_2 = 4, he paints the region satisfying y > 3 within the rectangle:
Now, the area of the white region within the rectangle is 9.
Read the inputs from stdin solve the problem and write the answer to stdout (do not directly test on the sample inputs). Enclose your code within ```python delimiters.
|
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
There are $n$ robots driving along an OX axis. There are also two walls: one is at coordinate $0$ and one is at coordinate $m$.
The $i$-th robot starts at an integer coordinate $x_i~(0 < x_i < m)$ and moves either left (towards the $0$) or right with the speed of $1$ unit per second. No two robots start at the same coordinate.
Whenever a robot reaches a wall, it turns around instantly and continues his ride in the opposite direction with the same speed.
Whenever several robots meet at the same integer coordinate, they collide and explode into dust. Once a robot has exploded, it doesn't collide with any other robot. Note that if several robots meet at a non-integer coordinate, nothing happens.
For each robot find out if it ever explodes and print the time of explosion if it happens and $-1$ otherwise.
-----Input-----
The first line contains a single integer $t$ ($1 \le t \le 1000$) — the number of testcases.
Then the descriptions of $t$ testcases follow.
The first line of each testcase contains two integers $n$ and $m$ ($1 \le n \le 3 \cdot 10^5$; $2 \le m \le 10^8$) — the number of robots and the coordinate of the right wall.
The second line of each testcase contains $n$ integers $x_1, x_2, \dots, x_n$ ($0 < x_i < m$) — the starting coordinates of the robots.
The third line of each testcase contains $n$ space-separated characters 'L' or 'R' — the starting directions of the robots ('L' stands for left and 'R' stands for right).
All coordinates $x_i$ in the testcase are distinct.
The sum of $n$ over all testcases doesn't exceed $3 \cdot 10^5$.
-----Output-----
For each testcase print $n$ integers — for the $i$-th robot output the time it explodes at if it does and $-1$ otherwise.
-----Examples-----
Input
5
7 12
1 2 3 4 9 10 11
R R L L R R R
2 10
1 6
R R
2 10
1 3
L L
1 10
5
R
7 8
6 1 7 2 3 5 4
R L R L L L L
Output
1 1 1 1 2 -1 2
-1 -1
2 2
-1
-1 2 7 3 2 7 3
-----Note-----
Here is the picture for the seconds $0, 1, 2$ and $3$ of the first testcase:
Notice that robots $2$ and $3$ don't collide because they meet at the same point $2.5$, which is not integer.
After second $3$ robot $6$ just drive infinitely because there's no robot to collide with.
Read the inputs from stdin solve the problem and write the answer to stdout (do not directly test on the sample inputs). Enclose your code within ```python delimiters.
|
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
Kuriyama Mirai has killed many monsters and got many (namely n) stones. She numbers the stones from 1 to n. The cost of the i-th stone is v_{i}. Kuriyama Mirai wants to know something about these stones so she will ask you two kinds of questions: She will tell you two numbers, l and r (1 ≤ l ≤ r ≤ n), and you should tell her $\sum_{i = l}^{r} v_{i}$. Let u_{i} be the cost of the i-th cheapest stone (the cost that will be on the i-th place if we arrange all the stone costs in non-decreasing order). This time she will tell you two numbers, l and r (1 ≤ l ≤ r ≤ n), and you should tell her $\sum_{i = l}^{r} u_{i}$.
For every question you should give the correct answer, or Kuriyama Mirai will say "fuyukai desu" and then become unhappy.
-----Input-----
The first line contains an integer n (1 ≤ n ≤ 10^5). The second line contains n integers: v_1, v_2, ..., v_{n} (1 ≤ v_{i} ≤ 10^9) — costs of the stones.
The third line contains an integer m (1 ≤ m ≤ 10^5) — the number of Kuriyama Mirai's questions. Then follow m lines, each line contains three integers type, l and r (1 ≤ l ≤ r ≤ n; 1 ≤ type ≤ 2), describing a question. If type equal to 1, then you should output the answer for the first question, else you should output the answer for the second one.
-----Output-----
Print m lines. Each line must contain an integer — the answer to Kuriyama Mirai's question. Print the answers to the questions in the order of input.
-----Examples-----
Input
6
6 4 2 7 2 7
3
2 3 6
1 3 4
1 1 6
Output
24
9
28
Input
4
5 5 2 3
10
1 2 4
2 1 4
1 1 1
2 1 4
2 1 2
1 1 1
1 3 3
1 1 3
1 4 4
1 2 2
Output
10
15
5
15
5
5
2
12
3
5
-----Note-----
Please note that the answers to the questions may overflow 32-bit integer type.
Read the inputs from stdin solve the problem and write the answer to stdout (do not directly test on the sample inputs). Enclose your code within ```python delimiters.
|
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
In a public bath, there is a shower which emits water for T seconds when the switch is pushed.
If the switch is pushed when the shower is already emitting water, from that moment it will be emitting water for T seconds. Note that it does not mean that the shower emits water for T additional seconds.
N people will push the switch while passing by the shower. The i-th person will push the switch t_i seconds after the first person pushes it.
How long will the shower emit water in total?
Constraints
* 1 ≤ N ≤ 200,000
* 1 ≤ T ≤ 10^9
* 0 = t_1 < t_2 < t_3 < , ..., < t_{N-1} < t_N ≤ 10^9
* T and each t_i are integers.
Input
Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:
N T
t_1 t_2 ... t_N
Output
Assume that the shower will emit water for a total of X seconds. Print X.
Examples
Input
2 4
0 3
Output
7
Input
2 4
0 5
Output
8
Input
4 1000000000
0 1000 1000000 1000000000
Output
2000000000
Input
1 1
0
Output
1
Input
9 10
0 3 5 7 100 110 200 300 311
Output
67
Read the inputs from stdin solve the problem and write the answer to stdout (do not directly test on the sample inputs). Enclose your code within ```python delimiters.
|
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
This kata requires you to convert minutes (`int`) to hours and minutes in the format `hh:mm` (`string`).
If the input is `0` or negative value, then you should return `"00:00"`
**Hint:** use the modulo operation to solve this challenge. The modulo operation simply returns the remainder after a division. For example the remainder of 5 / 2 is 1, so 5 modulo 2 is 1.
## Example
If the input is `78`, then you should return `"01:18"`, because 78 minutes converts to 1 hour and 18 minutes.
Good luck! :D
Write your solution by modifying this code:
```python
def time_convert(num):
```
Your solution should implemented in the function "time_convert". The i
Read the inputs from stdin solve the problem and write the answer to stdout (do not directly test on the sample inputs). Enclose your code within ```python delimiters.
|
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
There is an undirected tree of $n$ vertices, connected by $n-1$ bidirectional edges. There is also a snake stuck inside of this tree. Its head is at vertex $a$ and its tail is at vertex $b$. The snake's body occupies all vertices on the unique simple path between $a$ and $b$.
The snake wants to know if it can reverse itself — that is, to move its head to where its tail started, and its tail to where its head started. Unfortunately, the snake's movements are restricted to the tree's structure.
In an operation, the snake can move its head to an adjacent vertex not currently occupied by the snake. When it does this, the tail moves one vertex closer to the head, so that the length of the snake remains unchanged. Similarly, the snake can also move its tail to an adjacent vertex not currently occupied by the snake. When it does this, the head moves one unit closer to the tail. [Image] Let's denote a snake position by $(h,t)$, where $h$ is the index of the vertex with the snake's head, $t$ is the index of the vertex with the snake's tail. This snake can reverse itself with the movements $(4,7)\to (5,1)\to (4,2)\to (1, 3)\to (7,2)\to (8,1)\to (7,4)$.
Determine if it is possible to reverse the snake with some sequence of operations.
-----Input-----
The first line contains a single integer $t$ ($1\le t\le 100$) — the number of test cases. The next lines contain descriptions of test cases.
The first line of each test case contains three integers $n,a,b$ ($2\le n\le 10^5,1\le a,b\le n,a\ne b$).
Each of the next $n-1$ lines contains two integers $u_i,v_i$ ($1\le u_i,v_i\le n,u_i\ne v_i$), indicating an edge between vertices $u_i$ and $v_i$. It is guaranteed that the given edges form a tree.
It is guaranteed that the sum of $n$ across all test cases does not exceed $10^5$.
-----Output-----
For each test case, output "YES" if it is possible for the snake to reverse itself, or "NO" otherwise.
-----Example-----
Input
4
8 4 7
1 2
2 3
1 4
4 5
4 6
1 7
7 8
4 3 2
4 3
1 2
2 3
9 3 5
1 2
2 3
3 4
1 5
5 6
6 7
1 8
8 9
16 15 12
1 2
2 3
1 4
4 5
5 6
6 7
4 8
8 9
8 10
10 11
11 12
11 13
13 14
10 15
15 16
Output
YES
NO
NO
YES
-----Note-----
The first test case is pictured above.
In the second test case, the tree is a path. We can show that the snake cannot reverse itself.
In the third test case, we can show that the snake cannot reverse itself.
In the fourth test case, an example solution is:
$(15,12)\to (16,11)\to (15,13)\to (10,14)\to (8,13)\to (4,11)\to (1,10)$
$\to (2,8)\to (3,4)\to (2,5)\to (1,6)\to (4,7)\to (8,6)\to (10,5)$
$\to (11,4)\to (13,8)\to (14,10)\to (13,15)\to (11,16)\to (12,15)$.
Read the inputs from stdin solve the problem and write the answer to stdout (do not directly test on the sample inputs). Enclose your code within ```python delimiters.
|
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
To become the king of Codeforces, Kuroni has to solve the following problem.
He is given $n$ numbers $a_1, a_2, \dots, a_n$. Help Kuroni to calculate $\prod_{1\le i<j\le n} |a_i - a_j|$. As result can be very big, output it modulo $m$.
If you are not familiar with short notation, $\prod_{1\le i<j\le n} |a_i - a_j|$ is equal to $|a_1 - a_2|\cdot|a_1 - a_3|\cdot$ $\dots$ $\cdot|a_1 - a_n|\cdot|a_2 - a_3|\cdot|a_2 - a_4|\cdot$ $\dots$ $\cdot|a_2 - a_n| \cdot$ $\dots$ $\cdot |a_{n-1} - a_n|$. In other words, this is the product of $|a_i - a_j|$ for all $1\le i < j \le n$.
-----Input-----
The first line contains two integers $n$, $m$ ($2\le n \le 2\cdot 10^5$, $1\le m \le 1000$) — number of numbers and modulo.
The second line contains $n$ integers $a_1, a_2, \dots, a_n$ ($0 \le a_i \le 10^9$).
-----Output-----
Output the single number — $\prod_{1\le i<j\le n} |a_i - a_j| \bmod m$.
-----Examples-----
Input
2 10
8 5
Output
3
Input
3 12
1 4 5
Output
0
Input
3 7
1 4 9
Output
1
-----Note-----
In the first sample, $|8 - 5| = 3 \equiv 3 \bmod 10$.
In the second sample, $|1 - 4|\cdot|1 - 5|\cdot|4 - 5| = 3\cdot 4 \cdot 1 = 12 \equiv 0 \bmod 12$.
In the third sample, $|1 - 4|\cdot|1 - 9|\cdot|4 - 9| = 3 \cdot 8 \cdot 5 = 120 \equiv 1 \bmod 7$.
Read the inputs from stdin solve the problem and write the answer to stdout (do not directly test on the sample inputs). Enclose your code within ```python delimiters.
|
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
# Task
You have some people who are betting money, and they all start with the same amount of money (this number>0).
Find out if the given end-state of amounts is possible after the betting is over and money is redistributed.
# Input/Output
- `[input]` integer array arr
the proposed end-state showing final amounts for each player
- `[output]` a boolean value
`true` if this is a possible end-state and `false` otherwise
# Examples
- For `arr = [0, 56, 100]`, the output should be `true`.
Three players start with the same amount of money 52.
At the end of game, player 1 lose `52`, player2 win `4`, and player3 win `48`.
- For `arr = [0, 0, 0]`, the output should be `false`.
Players should start with a positive number of of money.
- For `arr = [11]`, the output should be `true`.
One player always keep his money at the end of game.
- For `arr = [100, 100, 100, 90, 1, 0, 0]`, the output should be `false`.
These players can not start with the same amount of money.
Write your solution by modifying this code:
```python
def learn_charitable_game(arr):
```
Your solution should implemented in the function "learn_charitable_game". The i
Read the inputs from stdin solve the problem and write the answer to stdout (do not directly test on the sample inputs). Enclose your code within ```python delimiters.
|
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
Your friend Mishka and you attend a calculus lecture. Lecture lasts n minutes. Lecturer tells a_{i} theorems during the i-th minute.
Mishka is really interested in calculus, though it is so hard to stay awake for all the time of lecture. You are given an array t of Mishka's behavior. If Mishka is asleep during the i-th minute of the lecture then t_{i} will be equal to 0, otherwise it will be equal to 1. When Mishka is awake he writes down all the theorems he is being told — a_{i} during the i-th minute. Otherwise he writes nothing.
You know some secret technique to keep Mishka awake for k minutes straight. However you can use it only once. You can start using it at the beginning of any minute between 1 and n - k + 1. If you use it on some minute i then Mishka will be awake during minutes j such that $j \in [ i, i + k - 1 ]$ and will write down all the theorems lecturer tells.
You task is to calculate the maximum number of theorems Mishka will be able to write down if you use your technique only once to wake him up.
-----Input-----
The first line of the input contains two integer numbers n and k (1 ≤ k ≤ n ≤ 10^5) — the duration of the lecture in minutes and the number of minutes you can keep Mishka awake.
The second line of the input contains n integer numbers a_1, a_2, ... a_{n} (1 ≤ a_{i} ≤ 10^4) — the number of theorems lecturer tells during the i-th minute.
The third line of the input contains n integer numbers t_1, t_2, ... t_{n} (0 ≤ t_{i} ≤ 1) — type of Mishka's behavior at the i-th minute of the lecture.
-----Output-----
Print only one integer — the maximum number of theorems Mishka will be able to write down if you use your technique only once to wake him up.
-----Example-----
Input
6 3
1 3 5 2 5 4
1 1 0 1 0 0
Output
16
-----Note-----
In the sample case the better way is to use the secret technique at the beginning of the third minute. Then the number of theorems Mishka will be able to write down will be equal to 16.
Read the inputs from stdin solve the problem and write the answer to stdout (do not directly test on the sample inputs). Enclose your code within ```python delimiters.
|
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
Toad Zitz has an array of integers, each integer is between $0$ and $m-1$ inclusive. The integers are $a_1, a_2, \ldots, a_n$.
In one operation Zitz can choose an integer $k$ and $k$ indices $i_1, i_2, \ldots, i_k$ such that $1 \leq i_1 < i_2 < \ldots < i_k \leq n$. He should then change $a_{i_j}$ to $((a_{i_j}+1) \bmod m)$ for each chosen integer $i_j$. The integer $m$ is fixed for all operations and indices.
Here $x \bmod y$ denotes the remainder of the division of $x$ by $y$.
Zitz wants to make his array non-decreasing with the minimum number of such operations. Find this minimum number of operations.
-----Input-----
The first line contains two integers $n$ and $m$ ($1 \leq n, m \leq 300\,000$) — the number of integers in the array and the parameter $m$.
The next line contains $n$ space-separated integers $a_1, a_2, \ldots, a_n$ ($0 \leq a_i < m$) — the given array.
-----Output-----
Output one integer: the minimum number of described operations Zitz needs to make his array non-decreasing. If no operations required, print $0$.
It is easy to see that with enough operations Zitz can always make his array non-decreasing.
-----Examples-----
Input
5 3
0 0 0 1 2
Output
0
Input
5 7
0 6 1 3 2
Output
1
-----Note-----
In the first example, the array is already non-decreasing, so the answer is $0$.
In the second example, you can choose $k=2$, $i_1 = 2$, $i_2 = 5$, the array becomes $[0,0,1,3,3]$. It is non-decreasing, so the answer is $1$.
Read the inputs from stdin solve the problem and write the answer to stdout (do not directly test on the sample inputs). Enclose your code within ```python delimiters.
|
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
The Cybernetics Failures (CF) organisation made a prototype of a bomb technician robot. To find the possible problems it was decided to carry out a series of tests. At the beginning of each test the robot prototype will be placed in cell (x_0, y_0) of a rectangular squared field of size x × y, after that a mine will be installed into one of the squares of the field. It is supposed to conduct exactly x·y tests, each time a mine is installed into a square that has never been used before. The starting cell of the robot always remains the same.
After placing the objects on the field the robot will have to run a sequence of commands given by string s, consisting only of characters 'L', 'R', 'U', 'D'. These commands tell the robot to move one square to the left, to the right, up or down, or stay idle if moving in the given direction is impossible. As soon as the robot fulfills all the sequence of commands, it will blow up due to a bug in the code. But if at some moment of time the robot is at the same square with the mine, it will also blow up, but not due to a bug in the code.
Moving to the left decreases coordinate y, and moving to the right increases it. Similarly, moving up decreases the x coordinate, and moving down increases it.
The tests can go on for very long, so your task is to predict their results. For each k from 0 to length(s) your task is to find in how many tests the robot will run exactly k commands before it blows up.
-----Input-----
The first line of the input contains four integers x, y, x_0, y_0 (1 ≤ x, y ≤ 500, 1 ≤ x_0 ≤ x, 1 ≤ y_0 ≤ y) — the sizes of the field and the starting coordinates of the robot. The coordinate axis X is directed downwards and axis Y is directed to the right.
The second line contains a sequence of commands s, which should be fulfilled by the robot. It has length from 1 to 100 000 characters and only consists of characters 'L', 'R', 'U', 'D'.
-----Output-----
Print the sequence consisting of (length(s) + 1) numbers. On the k-th position, starting with zero, print the number of tests where the robot will run exactly k commands before it blows up.
-----Examples-----
Input
3 4 2 2
UURDRDRL
Output
1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 6
Input
2 2 2 2
ULD
Output
1 1 1 1
-----Note-----
In the first sample, if we exclude the probable impact of the mines, the robot's route will look like that: $(2,2) \rightarrow(1,2) \rightarrow(1,2) \rightarrow(1,3) \rightarrow(2,3) \rightarrow(2,4) \rightarrow(3,4) \rightarrow(3,4) \rightarrow(3,3)$.
Read the inputs from stdin solve the problem and write the answer to stdout (do not directly test on the sample inputs). Enclose your code within ```python delimiters.
|
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
Your favorite music streaming platform has formed a perfectly balanced playlist exclusively for you. The playlist consists of $n$ tracks numbered from $1$ to $n$. The playlist is automatic and cyclic: whenever track $i$ finishes playing, track $i+1$ starts playing automatically; after track $n$ goes track $1$.
For each track $i$, you have estimated its coolness $a_i$. The higher $a_i$ is, the cooler track $i$ is.
Every morning, you choose a track. The playlist then starts playing from this track in its usual cyclic fashion. At any moment, you remember the maximum coolness $x$ of already played tracks. Once you hear that a track with coolness strictly less than $\frac{x}{2}$ (no rounding) starts playing, you turn off the music immediately to keep yourself in a good mood.
For each track $i$, find out how many tracks you will listen to before turning off the music if you start your morning with track $i$, or determine that you will never turn the music off. Note that if you listen to the same track several times, every time must be counted.
-----Input-----
The first line contains a single integer $n$ ($2 \le n \le 10^5$), denoting the number of tracks in the playlist.
The second line contains $n$ integers $a_1, a_2, \ldots, a_n$ ($1 \le a_i \le 10^9$), denoting coolnesses of the tracks.
-----Output-----
Output $n$ integers $c_1, c_2, \ldots, c_n$, where $c_i$ is either the number of tracks you will listen to if you start listening from track $i$ or $-1$ if you will be listening to music indefinitely.
-----Examples-----
Input
4
11 5 2 7
Output
1 1 3 2
Input
4
3 2 5 3
Output
5 4 3 6
Input
3
4 3 6
Output
-1 -1 -1
-----Note-----
In the first example, here is what will happen if you start with... track $1$: listen to track $1$, stop as $a_2 < \frac{a_1}{2}$. track $2$: listen to track $2$, stop as $a_3 < \frac{a_2}{2}$. track $3$: listen to track $3$, listen to track $4$, listen to track $1$, stop as $a_2 < \frac{\max(a_3, a_4, a_1)}{2}$. track $4$: listen to track $4$, listen to track $1$, stop as $a_2 < \frac{\max(a_4, a_1)}{2}$.
In the second example, if you start with track $4$, you will listen to track $4$, listen to track $1$, listen to track $2$, listen to track $3$, listen to track $4$ again, listen to track $1$ again, and stop as $a_2 < \frac{max(a_4, a_1, a_2, a_3, a_4, a_1)}{2}$. Note that both track $1$ and track $4$ are counted twice towards the result.
Read the inputs from stdin solve the problem and write the answer to stdout (do not directly test on the sample inputs). Enclose your code within ```python delimiters.
|
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
You have to rebuild a string from an enumerated list.
For this task, you have to check if input is correct beforehand.
* Input must be a list of tuples
* Each tuple has two elements.
* Second element is an alphanumeric character.
* First element is the index of this character into the reconstructed string.
* Indexes start at 0 and have to match with output indexing: no gap is allowed.
* Finally tuples aren't necessarily ordered by index.
If any condition is invalid, the function should return `False`.
Input example:
```python
[(4,'y'),(1,'o'),(3,'t'),(0,'m'),(2,'n')]
```
Returns
```python
'monty'
```
Write your solution by modifying this code:
```python
def denumerate(enum_list):
```
Your solution should implemented in the function "denumerate". The i
Read the inputs from stdin solve the problem and write the answer to stdout (do not directly test on the sample inputs). Enclose your code within ```python delimiters.
|
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
According to an old legeng, a long time ago Ankh-Morpork residents did something wrong to miss Fortune, and she cursed them. She said that at some time n snacks of distinct sizes will fall on the city, and the residents should build a Snacktower of them by placing snacks one on another. Of course, big snacks should be at the bottom of the tower, while small snacks should be at the top.
Years passed, and once different snacks started to fall onto the city, and the residents began to build the Snacktower. [Image]
However, they faced some troubles. Each day exactly one snack fell onto the city, but their order was strange. So, at some days the residents weren't able to put the new stack on the top of the Snacktower: they had to wait until all the bigger snacks fell. Of course, in order to not to anger miss Fortune again, the residents placed each snack on the top of the tower immediately as they could do it.
Write a program that models the behavior of Ankh-Morpork residents.
-----Input-----
The first line contains single integer n (1 ≤ n ≤ 100 000) — the total number of snacks.
The second line contains n integers, the i-th of them equals the size of the snack which fell on the i-th day. Sizes are distinct integers from 1 to n.
-----Output-----
Print n lines. On the i-th of them print the sizes of the snacks which the residents placed on the top of the Snacktower on the i-th day in the order they will do that. If no snack is placed on some day, leave the corresponding line empty.
-----Examples-----
Input
3
3 1 2
Output
3
2 1
Input
5
4 5 1 2 3
Output
5 4
3 2 1
-----Note-----
In the example a snack of size 3 fell on the first day, and the residents immediately placed it. On the second day a snack of size 1 fell, and the residents weren't able to place it because they were missing the snack of size 2. On the third day a snack of size 2 fell, and the residents immediately placed it. Right after that they placed the snack of size 1 which had fallen before.
Read the inputs from stdin solve the problem and write the answer to stdout (do not directly test on the sample inputs). Enclose your code within ```python delimiters.
|
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
The life goes up and down, just like nice sequences. Sequence t_1, t_2, ..., t_{n} is called nice if the following two conditions are satisfied: t_{i} < t_{i} + 1 for each odd i < n; t_{i} > t_{i} + 1 for each even i < n.
For example, sequences (2, 8), (1, 5, 1) and (2, 5, 1, 100, 99, 120) are nice, while (1, 1), (1, 2, 3) and (2, 5, 3, 2) are not.
Bear Limak has a sequence of positive integers t_1, t_2, ..., t_{n}. This sequence is not nice now and Limak wants to fix it by a single swap. He is going to choose two indices i < j and swap elements t_{i} and t_{j} in order to get a nice sequence. Count the number of ways to do so. Two ways are considered different if indices of elements chosen for a swap are different.
-----Input-----
The first line of the input contains one integer n (2 ≤ n ≤ 150 000) — the length of the sequence.
The second line contains n integers t_1, t_2, ..., t_{n} (1 ≤ t_{i} ≤ 150 000) — the initial sequence. It's guaranteed that the given sequence is not nice.
-----Output-----
Print the number of ways to swap two elements exactly once in order to get a nice sequence.
-----Examples-----
Input
5
2 8 4 7 7
Output
2
Input
4
200 150 100 50
Output
1
Input
10
3 2 1 4 1 4 1 4 1 4
Output
8
Input
9
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Output
0
-----Note-----
In the first sample, there are two ways to get a nice sequence with one swap: Swap t_2 = 8 with t_4 = 7. Swap t_1 = 2 with t_5 = 7.
In the second sample, there is only one way — Limak should swap t_1 = 200 with t_4 = 50.
Read the inputs from stdin solve the problem and write the answer to stdout (do not directly test on the sample inputs). Enclose your code within ```python delimiters.
|
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
Vanya walks late at night along a straight street of length l, lit by n lanterns. Consider the coordinate system with the beginning of the street corresponding to the point 0, and its end corresponding to the point l. Then the i-th lantern is at the point a_{i}. The lantern lights all points of the street that are at the distance of at most d from it, where d is some positive number, common for all lanterns.
Vanya wonders: what is the minimum light radius d should the lanterns have to light the whole street?
-----Input-----
The first line contains two integers n, l (1 ≤ n ≤ 1000, 1 ≤ l ≤ 10^9) — the number of lanterns and the length of the street respectively.
The next line contains n integers a_{i} (0 ≤ a_{i} ≤ l). Multiple lanterns can be located at the same point. The lanterns may be located at the ends of the street.
-----Output-----
Print the minimum light radius d, needed to light the whole street. The answer will be considered correct if its absolute or relative error doesn't exceed 10^{ - 9}.
-----Examples-----
Input
7 15
15 5 3 7 9 14 0
Output
2.5000000000
Input
2 5
2 5
Output
2.0000000000
-----Note-----
Consider the second sample. At d = 2 the first lantern will light the segment [0, 4] of the street, and the second lantern will light segment [3, 5]. Thus, the whole street will be lit.
Read the inputs from stdin solve the problem and write the answer to stdout (do not directly test on the sample inputs). Enclose your code within ```python delimiters.
|
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
Iahub likes trees very much. Recently he discovered an interesting tree named propagating tree. The tree consists of n nodes numbered from 1 to n, each node i having an initial value a_{i}. The root of the tree is node 1.
This tree has a special property: when a value val is added to a value of node i, the value -val is added to values of all the children of node i. Note that when you add value -val to a child of node i, you also add -(-val) to all children of the child of node i and so on. Look an example explanation to understand better how it works.
This tree supports two types of queries:
"1 x val" — val is added to the value of node x; "2 x" — print the current value of node x.
In order to help Iahub understand the tree better, you must answer m queries of the preceding type.
-----Input-----
The first line contains two integers n and m (1 ≤ n, m ≤ 200000). The second line contains n integers a_1, a_2, ..., a_{n} (1 ≤ a_{i} ≤ 1000). Each of the next n–1 lines contains two integers v_{i} and u_{i} (1 ≤ v_{i}, u_{i} ≤ n), meaning that there is an edge between nodes v_{i} and u_{i}.
Each of the next m lines contains a query in the format described above. It is guaranteed that the following constraints hold for all queries: 1 ≤ x ≤ n, 1 ≤ val ≤ 1000.
-----Output-----
For each query of type two (print the value of node x) you must print the answer to the query on a separate line. The queries must be answered in the order given in the input.
-----Examples-----
Input
5 5
1 2 1 1 2
1 2
1 3
2 4
2 5
1 2 3
1 1 2
2 1
2 2
2 4
Output
3
3
0
-----Note-----
The values of the nodes are [1, 2, 1, 1, 2] at the beginning.
Then value 3 is added to node 2. It propagates and value -3 is added to it's sons, node 4 and node 5. Then it cannot propagate any more. So the values of the nodes are [1, 5, 1, - 2, - 1].
Then value 2 is added to node 1. It propagates and value -2 is added to it's sons, node 2 and node 3. From node 2 it propagates again, adding value 2 to it's sons, node 4 and node 5. Node 3 has no sons, so it cannot propagate from there. The values of the nodes are [3, 3, - 1, 0, 1].
You can see all the definitions about the tree at the following link: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tree_(graph_theory)
Read the inputs from stdin solve the problem and write the answer to stdout (do not directly test on the sample inputs). Enclose your code within ```python delimiters.
|
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
In the capital city of Berland, Bertown, demonstrations are against the recent election of the King of Berland. Berland opposition, led by Mr. Ovalny, believes that the elections were not fair enough and wants to organize a demonstration at one of the squares.
Bertown has n squares, numbered from 1 to n, they are numbered in the order of increasing distance between them and the city center. That is, square number 1 is central, and square number n is the farthest from the center. Naturally, the opposition wants to hold a meeting as close to the city center as possible (that is, they want an square with the minimum number).
There are exactly k (k < n) days left before the demonstration. Now all squares are free. But the Bertown city administration never sleeps, and the approval of an application for the demonstration threatens to become a very complex process. The process of approval lasts several days, but every day the following procedure takes place:
* The opposition shall apply to hold a demonstration at a free square (the one which isn't used by the administration).
* The administration tries to move the demonstration to the worst free square left. To do this, the administration organizes some long-term activities on the square, which is specified in the application of opposition. In other words, the administration starts using the square and it is no longer free. Then the administration proposes to move the opposition demonstration to the worst free square. If the opposition has applied for the worst free square then request is accepted and administration doesn't spend money. If the administration does not have enough money to organize an event on the square in question, the opposition's application is accepted. If administration doesn't have enough money to organize activity, then rest of administration's money spends and application is accepted
* If the application is not accepted, then the opposition can agree to the administration's proposal (that is, take the worst free square), or withdraw the current application and submit another one the next day. If there are no more days left before the meeting, the opposition has no choice but to agree to the proposal of City Hall. If application is accepted opposition can reject it. It means than opposition still can submit more applications later, but square remains free.
In order to organize an event on the square i, the administration needs to spend ai bourles. Because of the crisis the administration has only b bourles to confront the opposition. What is the best square that the opposition can take, if the administration will keep trying to occupy the square in question each time? Note that the administration's actions always depend only on the actions of the opposition.
Input
The first line contains two integers n and k — the number of squares and days left before the meeting, correspondingly (1 ≤ k < n ≤ 105).
The second line contains a single integer b — the number of bourles the administration has (1 ≤ b ≤ 1018).
The third line contains n space-separated integers ai — the sum of money, needed to organise an event on square i (1 ≤ ai ≤ 109).
Please, do not use the %lld specifier to read or write 64-bit integers in С++. It is preferred to use the cin, cout streams or the %I64d specifier.
Output
Print a single number — the minimum number of the square where the opposition can organize the demonstration.
Examples
Input
5 2
8
2 4 5 3 1
Output
2
Input
5 2
8
3 2 4 1 5
Output
5
Input
5 4
1000000000000000
5 4 3 2 1
Output
5
Note
In the first sample the opposition can act like this. On day one it applies for square 3. The administration has to organize an event there and end up with 3 bourles. If on the second day the opposition applies for square 2, the administration won't have the money to intervene.
In the second sample the opposition has only the chance for the last square. If its first move occupies one of the first four squares, the administration is left with at least 4 bourles, which means that next day it can use its next move to move the opposition from any square to the last one.
In the third sample administration has a lot of money, so opposition can occupy only last square.
Read the inputs from stdin solve the problem and write the answer to stdout (do not directly test on the sample inputs). Enclose your code within ```python delimiters.
|
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
Hamming distance between strings a and b of equal length (denoted by h(a, b)) is equal to the number of distinct integers i (1 ≤ i ≤ |a|), such that ai ≠ bi, where ai is the i-th symbol of string a, bi is the i-th symbol of string b. For example, the Hamming distance between strings "aba" and "bba" equals 1, they have different first symbols. For strings "bbba" and "aaab" the Hamming distance equals 4.
John Doe had a paper on which four strings of equal length s1, s2, s3 and s4 were written. Each string si consisted only of lowercase letters "a" and "b". John found the Hamming distances between all pairs of strings he had. Then he lost the paper with the strings but he didn't lose the Hamming distances between all pairs.
Help John restore the strings; find some four strings s'1, s'2, s'3, s'4 of equal length that consist only of lowercase letters "a" and "b", such that the pairwise Hamming distances between them are the same as between John's strings. More formally, set s'i must satisfy the condition <image>.
To make the strings easier to put down on a piece of paper, you should choose among all suitable sets of strings the one that has strings of minimum length.
Input
The first line contains space-separated integers h(s1, s2), h(s1, s3), h(s1, s4). The second line contains space-separated integers h(s2, s3) and h(s2, s4). The third line contains the single integer h(s3, s4).
All given integers h(si, sj) are non-negative and do not exceed 105. It is guaranteed that at least one number h(si, sj) is positive.
Output
Print -1 if there's no suitable set of strings.
Otherwise print on the first line number len — the length of each string. On the i-th of the next four lines print string s'i. If there are multiple sets with the minimum length of the strings, print any of them.
Examples
Input
4 4 4
4 4
4
Output
6
aaaabb
aabbaa
bbaaaa
bbbbbb
Read the inputs from stdin solve the problem and write the answer to stdout (do not directly test on the sample inputs). Enclose your code within ```python delimiters.
|
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
This contest is `CODE FESTIVAL`. However, Mr. Takahashi always writes it `CODEFESTIVAL`, omitting the single space between `CODE` and `FESTIVAL`.
So he has decided to make a program that puts the single space he omitted.
You are given a string s with 12 letters. Output the string putting a single space between the first 4 letters and last 8 letters in the string s.
Constraints
* s contains exactly 12 letters.
* All letters in s are uppercase English letters.
Input
The input is given from Standard Input in the following format:
s
Output
Print the string putting a single space between the first 4 letters and last 8 letters in the string s. Put a line break at the end.
Examples
Input
CODEFESTIVAL
Output
CODE FESTIVAL
Input
POSTGRADUATE
Output
POST GRADUATE
Input
ABCDEFGHIJKL
Output
ABCD EFGHIJKL
Read the inputs from stdin solve the problem and write the answer to stdout (do not directly test on the sample inputs). Enclose your code within ```python delimiters.
|
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
You have N coins each of which has a value ai. Find the number of combinations that result when you choose K different coins in such a way that the total value of the coins is greater than or equal to L and less than or equal to R.
Constraints
* 1 ≤ K ≤ N ≤ 40
* 1 ≤ ai ≤ 1016
* 1 ≤ L ≤ R ≤ 1016
* All input values are given in integers
Input
The input is given in the following format.
N K L R
a1 a2 ... aN
Output
Print the number of combinations in a line.
Examples
Input
2 2 1 9
5 1
Output
1
Input
5 2 7 19
3 5 4 2 2
Output
5
Read the inputs from stdin solve the problem and write the answer to stdout (do not directly test on the sample inputs). Enclose your code within ```python delimiters.
|
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
Have you ever tried to explain to the coordinator, why it is eight hours to the contest and not a single problem has been prepared yet? Misha had. And this time he has a really strong excuse: he faced a space-time paradox! Space and time replaced each other.
The entire universe turned into an enormous clock face with three hands — hour, minute, and second. Time froze, and clocks now show the time h hours, m minutes, s seconds.
Last time Misha talked with the coordinator at t_1 o'clock, so now he stands on the number t_1 on the clock face. The contest should be ready by t_2 o'clock. In the terms of paradox it means that Misha has to go to number t_2 somehow. Note that he doesn't have to move forward only: in these circumstances time has no direction.
Clock hands are very long, and Misha cannot get round them. He also cannot step over as it leads to the collapse of space-time. That is, if hour clock points 12 and Misha stands at 11 then he cannot move to 1 along the top arc. He has to follow all the way round the clock center (of course, if there are no other hands on his way).
Given the hands' positions, t_1, and t_2, find if Misha can prepare the contest on time (or should we say on space?). That is, find if he can move from t_1 to t_2 by the clock face.
-----Input-----
Five integers h, m, s, t_1, t_2 (1 ≤ h ≤ 12, 0 ≤ m, s ≤ 59, 1 ≤ t_1, t_2 ≤ 12, t_1 ≠ t_2).
Misha's position and the target time do not coincide with the position of any hand.
-----Output-----
Print "YES" (quotes for clarity), if Misha can prepare the contest on time, and "NO" otherwise.
You can print each character either upper- or lowercase ("YeS" and "yes" are valid when the answer is "YES").
-----Examples-----
Input
12 30 45 3 11
Output
NO
Input
12 0 1 12 1
Output
YES
Input
3 47 0 4 9
Output
YES
-----Note-----
The three examples are shown on the pictures below from left to right. The starting position of Misha is shown with green, the ending position is shown with pink. Note that the positions of the hands on the pictures are not exact, but are close to the exact and the answer is the same. $\oplus 0 \theta$
Read the inputs from stdin solve the problem and write the answer to stdout (do not directly test on the sample inputs). Enclose your code within ```python delimiters.
|
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
You are given a convex polygon P with n distinct vertices p1, p2, ..., pn. Vertex pi has coordinates (xi, yi) in the 2D plane. These vertices are listed in clockwise order.
You can choose a real number D and move each vertex of the polygon a distance of at most D from their original positions.
Find the maximum value of D such that no matter how you move the vertices, the polygon does not intersect itself and stays convex.
Input
The first line has one integer n (4 ≤ n ≤ 1 000) — the number of vertices.
The next n lines contain the coordinates of the vertices. Line i contains two integers xi and yi ( - 109 ≤ xi, yi ≤ 109) — the coordinates of the i-th vertex. These points are guaranteed to be given in clockwise order, and will form a strictly convex polygon (in particular, no three consecutive points lie on the same straight line).
Output
Print one real number D, which is the maximum real number such that no matter how you move the vertices, the polygon stays convex.
Your answer will be considered correct if its absolute or relative error does not exceed 10 - 6.
Namely, let's assume that your answer is a and the answer of the jury is b. The checker program will consider your answer correct if <image>.
Examples
Input
4
0 0
0 1
1 1
1 0
Output
0.3535533906
Input
6
5 0
10 0
12 -4
10 -8
5 -8
3 -4
Output
1.0000000000
Note
Here is a picture of the first sample
<image>
Here is an example of making the polygon non-convex.
<image>
This is not an optimal solution, since the maximum distance we moved one point is ≈ 0.4242640687, whereas we can make it non-convex by only moving each point a distance of at most ≈ 0.3535533906.
Read the inputs from stdin solve the problem and write the answer to stdout (do not directly test on the sample inputs). Enclose your code within ```python delimiters.
|
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
We have caught N sardines. The deliciousness and fragrantness of the i-th sardine is A_i and B_i, respectively.
We will choose one or more of these sardines and put them into a cooler. However, two sardines on bad terms cannot be chosen at the same time.
The i-th and j-th sardines (i \neq j) are on bad terms if and only if A_i \cdot A_j + B_i \cdot B_j = 0.
In how many ways can we choose the set of sardines to put into the cooler? Since the count can be enormous, print it modulo 1000000007.
-----Constraints-----
- All values in input are integers.
- 1 \leq N \leq 2 \times 10^5
- -10^{18} \leq A_i, B_i \leq 10^{18}
-----Input-----
Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:
N
A_1 B_1
:
A_N B_N
-----Output-----
Print the count modulo 1000000007.
-----Sample Input-----
3
1 2
-1 1
2 -1
-----Sample Output-----
5
There are five ways to choose the set of sardines, as follows:
- The 1-st
- The 1-st and 2-nd
- The 2-nd
- The 2-nd and 3-rd
- The 3-rd
Read the inputs from stdin solve the problem and write the answer to stdout (do not directly test on the sample inputs). Enclose your code within ```python delimiters.
|
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
You will be given a string (x) featuring a cat 'C', a dog 'D' and a mouse 'm'. The rest of the string will be made up of '.'.
You need to find out if the cat can catch the mouse from it's current position. The cat can jump (j) characters.
Also, the cat cannot jump over the dog.
So:
if j = 5:
```..C.....m.``` returns 'Caught!' <-- not more than j characters between
```.....C............m......``` returns 'Escaped!' <-- as there are more than j characters between the two, the cat can't jump far enough
if j = 10:
```...m.........C...D``` returns 'Caught!' <--Cat can jump far enough and jump is not over dog
```...m....D....C.......``` returns 'Protected!' <-- Cat can jump far enough, but dog is in the way, protecting the mouse
Finally, if all three animals are not present, return 'boring without all three'
Write your solution by modifying this code:
```python
def cat_mouse(x,j):
```
Your solution should implemented in the function "cat_mouse". The i
Read the inputs from stdin solve the problem and write the answer to stdout (do not directly test on the sample inputs). Enclose your code within ```python delimiters.
|
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
The protection of a popular program developed by one of IT City companies is organized the following way. After installation it outputs a random five digit number which should be sent in SMS to a particular phone number. In response an SMS activation code arrives.
A young hacker Vasya disassembled the program and found the algorithm that transforms the shown number into the activation code. Note: it is clear that Vasya is a law-abiding hacker, and made it for a noble purpose — to show the developer the imperfection of their protection.
The found algorithm looks the following way. At first the digits of the number are shuffled in the following order <first digit><third digit><fifth digit><fourth digit><second digit>. For example the shuffle of 12345 should lead to 13542. On the second stage the number is raised to the fifth power. The result of the shuffle and exponentiation of the number 12345 is 455 422 043 125 550 171 232. The answer is the 5 last digits of this result. For the number 12345 the answer should be 71232.
Vasya is going to write a keygen program implementing this algorithm. Can you do the same?
-----Input-----
The only line of the input contains a positive integer five digit number for which the activation code should be found.
-----Output-----
Output exactly 5 digits without spaces between them — the found activation code of the program.
-----Examples-----
Input
12345
Output
71232
Read the inputs from stdin solve the problem and write the answer to stdout (do not directly test on the sample inputs). Enclose your code within ```python delimiters.
|
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
This time the Berland Team Olympiad in Informatics is held in a remote city that can only be reached by one small bus. Bus has n passenger seats, seat i can be occupied only by a participant from the city ai.
Today the bus has completed m trips, each time bringing n participants. The participants were then aligned in one line in the order they arrived, with people from the same bus standing in the order of their seats (i. e. if we write down the cities where the participants came from, we get the sequence a1, a2, ..., an repeated m times).
After that some teams were formed, each consisting of k participants form the same city standing next to each other in the line. Once formed, teams left the line. The teams were formed until there were no k neighboring participants from the same city.
Help the organizers determine how many participants have left in the line after that process ended. We can prove that answer doesn't depend on the order in which teams were selected.
Input
The first line contains three integers n, k and m (1 ≤ n ≤ 105, 2 ≤ k ≤ 109, 1 ≤ m ≤ 109).
The second line contains n integers a1, a2, ..., an (1 ≤ ai ≤ 105), where ai is the number of city, person from which must take seat i in the bus.
Output
Output the number of remaining participants in the line.
Examples
Input
4 2 5
1 2 3 1
Output
12
Input
1 9 10
1
Output
1
Input
3 2 10
1 2 1
Output
0
Note
In the second example, the line consists of ten participants from the same city. Nine of them will form a team. At the end, only one participant will stay in the line.
Read the inputs from stdin solve the problem and write the answer to stdout (do not directly test on the sample inputs). Enclose your code within ```python delimiters.
|
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
In the Kingdom of AtCoder, people use a language called Taknese, which uses lowercase English letters.
In Taknese, the plural form of a noun is spelled based on the following rules:
- If a noun's singular form does not end with s, append s to the end of the singular form.
- If a noun's singular form ends with s, append es to the end of the singular form.
You are given the singular form S of a Taknese noun. Output its plural form.
-----Constraints-----
- S is a string of length 1 between 1000, inclusive.
- S contains only lowercase English letters.
-----Input-----
Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:
S
-----Output-----
Print the plural form of the given Taknese word.
-----Sample Input-----
apple
-----Sample Output-----
apples
apple ends with e, so its plural form is apples.
Read the inputs from stdin solve the problem and write the answer to stdout (do not directly test on the sample inputs). Enclose your code within ```python delimiters.
|
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
There are n stones on the table in a row, each of them can be red, green or blue. Count the minimum number of stones to take from the table so that any two neighboring stones had different colors. Stones in a row are considered neighboring if there are no other stones between them.
-----Input-----
The first line contains integer n (1 ≤ n ≤ 50) — the number of stones on the table.
The next line contains string s, which represents the colors of the stones. We'll consider the stones in the row numbered from 1 to n from left to right. Then the i-th character s equals "R", if the i-th stone is red, "G", if it's green and "B", if it's blue.
-----Output-----
Print a single integer — the answer to the problem.
-----Examples-----
Input
3
RRG
Output
1
Input
5
RRRRR
Output
4
Input
4
BRBG
Output
0
Read the inputs from stdin solve the problem and write the answer to stdout (do not directly test on the sample inputs). Enclose your code within ```python delimiters.
|
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
A boy Valera registered on site Codeforces as Valera, and wrote his first Codeforces Round #300. He boasted to a friend Arkady about winning as much as x points for his first contest. But Arkady did not believe his friend's words and decided to check whether Valera could have shown such a result.
He knows that the contest number 300 was unusual because there were only two problems. The contest lasted for t minutes, the minutes are numbered starting from zero. The first problem had the initial cost of a points, and every minute its cost reduced by da points. The second problem had the initial cost of b points, and every minute this cost reduced by db points. Thus, as soon as the zero minute of the contest is over, the first problem will cost a - da points, and the second problem will cost b - db points. It is guaranteed that at any moment of the contest each problem has a non-negative cost.
Arkady asks you to find out whether Valera could have got exactly x points for this contest. You should assume that Valera could have solved any number of the offered problems. You should also assume that for each problem Valera made no more than one attempt, besides, he could have submitted both problems at the same minute of the contest, starting with minute 0 and ending with minute number t - 1. Please note that Valera can't submit a solution exactly t minutes after the start of the contest or later.
Input
The single line of the input contains six integers x, t, a, b, da, db (0 ≤ x ≤ 600; 1 ≤ t, a, b, da, db ≤ 300) — Valera's result, the contest's duration, the initial cost of the first problem, the initial cost of the second problem, the number of points that the first and the second problem lose per minute, correspondingly.
It is guaranteed that at each minute of the contest each problem has a non-negative cost, that is, a - i·da ≥ 0 and b - i·db ≥ 0 for all 0 ≤ i ≤ t - 1.
Output
If Valera could have earned exactly x points at a contest, print "YES", otherwise print "NO" (without the quotes).
Examples
Input
30 5 20 20 3 5
Output
YES
Input
10 4 100 5 5 1
Output
NO
Note
In the first sample Valera could have acted like this: he could have submitted the first problem at minute 0 and the second problem — at minute 2. Then the first problem brings him 20 points and the second problem brings him 10 points, that in total gives the required 30 points.
Read the inputs from stdin solve the problem and write the answer to stdout (do not directly test on the sample inputs). Enclose your code within ```python delimiters.
|
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
In this task Anna and Maria play a game with a very unpleasant rival. Anna and Maria are in the opposite squares of a chessboard (8 × 8): Anna is in the upper right corner, and Maria is in the lower left one. Apart from them, the board has several statues. Each statue occupies exactly one square. A square that contains a statue cannot have anything or anyone — neither any other statues, nor Anna, nor Maria.
Anna is present on the board as a figurant (she stands still and never moves), and Maria has been actively involved in the game. Her goal is — to come to Anna's square. Maria and statues move in turn, Maria moves first. During one move Maria can go to any adjacent on the side or diagonal cell in which there is no statue, or she can stay in the cell where she is. The statues during their move must go one square down simultaneously, and those statues that were in the bottom row fall from the board and are no longer appeared.
At that moment, when one of the statues is in the cell in which the Maria is, the statues are declared winners. At the moment when Maria comes into the cell where Anna has been waiting, Maria is declared the winner.
Obviously, nothing depends on the statues, so it all depends on Maria. Determine who will win, if Maria does not make a strategic error.
Input
You are given the 8 strings whose length equals 8, describing the initial position on the board. The first line represents the top row of the board, the next one — for the second from the top, and so on, the last line represents the bottom row. Each character string matches a single cell board in the appropriate row, and the characters are in the same manner as that of the corresponding cell. If the cell is empty, the corresponding character is ".". If a cell has Maria, then it is represented by character "M". If a cell has Anna, it is represented by the character "A". If a cell has a statue, then the cell is represented by character "S".
It is guaranteed that the last character of the first row is always "A", the first character of the last line is always "M". The remaining characters are "." or "S".
Output
If Maria wins, print string "WIN". If the statues win, print string "LOSE".
Examples
Input
.......A
........
........
........
........
........
........
M.......
Output
WIN
Input
.......A
........
........
........
........
........
SS......
M.......
Output
LOSE
Input
.......A
........
........
........
........
.S......
S.......
MS......
Output
LOSE
Read the inputs from stdin solve the problem and write the answer to stdout (do not directly test on the sample inputs). Enclose your code within ```python delimiters.
|
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
Given a sequence of items and a specific item in that sequence, return the item immediately following the item specified. If the item occurs more than once in a sequence, return the item after the first occurence. This should work for a sequence of any type.
When the item isn't present or nothing follows it, the function should return nil in Clojure and Elixir, Nothing in Haskell, undefined in JavaScript, None in Python.
```python
next_item([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7], 3) # => 4
next_item(['Joe', 'Bob', 'Sally'], 'Bob') # => "Sally"
```
Write your solution by modifying this code:
```python
def next_item(xs, item):
```
Your solution should implemented in the function "next_item". The i
Read the inputs from stdin solve the problem and write the answer to stdout (do not directly test on the sample inputs). Enclose your code within ```python delimiters.
|
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
There are N balls and N+1 holes in a line. Balls are numbered 1 through N from left to right. Holes are numbered 1 through N+1 from left to right. The i-th ball is located between the i-th hole and (i+1)-th hole. We denote the distance between neighboring items (one ball and one hole) from left to right as d_i (1 \leq i \leq 2 \times N). You are given two parameters d_1 and x. d_i - d_{i-1} is equal to x for all i (2 \leq i \leq 2 \times N).
We want to push all N balls into holes one by one. When a ball rolls over a hole, the ball will drop into the hole if there is no ball in the hole yet. Otherwise, the ball will pass this hole and continue to roll. (In any scenario considered in this problem, balls will never collide.)
In each step, we will choose one of the remaining balls uniformly at random and then choose a direction (either left or right) uniformly at random and push the ball in this direction. Please calculate the expected total distance rolled by all balls during this process.
For example, when N = 3, d_1 = 1, and x = 1, the following is one possible scenario:
c9264131788434ac062635a675a785e3.jpg
* first step: push the ball numbered 2 to its left, it will drop into the hole numbered 2. The distance rolled is 3.
* second step: push the ball numbered 1 to its right, it will pass the hole numbered 2 and drop into the hole numbered 3. The distance rolled is 9.
* third step: push the ball numbered 3 to its right, it will drop into the hole numbered 4. The distance rolled is 6.
So the total distance in this scenario is 18.
Note that in all scenarios every ball will drop into some hole and there will be a hole containing no ball in the end.
Constraints
* 1 \leq N \leq 200,000
* 1 \leq d_1 \leq 100
* 0 \leq x \leq 100
* All input values are integers.
Input
The input is given from Standard Input in the following format:
N d_1 x
Output
Print a floating number denoting the answer. The relative or absolute error of your answer should not be higher than 10^{-9}.
Examples
Input
1 3 3
Output
4.500000000000000
Input
2 1 0
Output
2.500000000000000
Input
1000 100 100
Output
649620280.957660079002380
Read the inputs from stdin solve the problem and write the answer to stdout (do not directly test on the sample inputs). Enclose your code within ```python delimiters.
|
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
The Berland Armed Forces System consists of n ranks that are numbered using natural numbers from 1 to n, where 1 is the lowest rank and n is the highest rank.
One needs exactly di years to rise from rank i to rank i + 1. Reaching a certain rank i having not reached all the previous i - 1 ranks is impossible.
Vasya has just reached a new rank of a, but he dreams of holding the rank of b. Find for how many more years Vasya should serve in the army until he can finally realize his dream.
Input
The first input line contains an integer n (2 ≤ n ≤ 100). The second line contains n - 1 integers di (1 ≤ di ≤ 100). The third input line contains two integers a and b (1 ≤ a < b ≤ n). The numbers on the lines are space-separated.
Output
Print the single number which is the number of years that Vasya needs to rise from rank a to rank b.
Examples
Input
3
5 6
1 2
Output
5
Input
3
5 6
1 3
Output
11
Read the inputs from stdin solve the problem and write the answer to stdout (do not directly test on the sample inputs). Enclose your code within ```python delimiters.
|
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
## Task
Write a method `remainder` which takes two integer arguments, `dividend` and `divisor`, and returns the remainder when dividend is divided by divisor. Do NOT use the modulus operator (%) to calculate the remainder!
#### Assumption
Dividend will always be `greater than or equal to` divisor.
#### Notes
Make sure that the implemented `remainder` function works exactly the same as the `Modulus operator (%)`.
```if:java
`SimpleInteger` is a tiny and immutable implementation of an integer number. Its interface is a very small subset of the `java.math.BigInteger` API:
* `#add(SimpleInteger val)`
* `#subtract(SimpleInteger val)`
* `#multiply(SimpleInteger val)`
* `#divide(SimpleInteger val)`
* `#compareTo(SimpleInteger val)`
```
Write your solution by modifying this code:
```python
def remainder(dividend, divisor):
```
Your solution should implemented in the function "remainder". The i
Read the inputs from stdin solve the problem and write the answer to stdout (do not directly test on the sample inputs). Enclose your code within ```python delimiters.
|
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
You are given a rectangular parallelepiped with sides of positive integer lengths $A$, $B$ and $C$.
Find the number of different groups of three integers ($a$, $b$, $c$) such that $1\leq a\leq b\leq c$ and parallelepiped $A\times B\times C$ can be paved with parallelepipeds $a\times b\times c$. Note, that all small parallelepipeds have to be rotated in the same direction.
For example, parallelepiped $1\times 5\times 6$ can be divided into parallelepipeds $1\times 3\times 5$, but can not be divided into parallelepipeds $1\times 2\times 3$.
-----Input-----
The first line contains a single integer $t$ ($1 \leq t \leq 10^5$) — the number of test cases.
Each of the next $t$ lines contains three integers $A$, $B$ and $C$ ($1 \leq A, B, C \leq 10^5$) — the sizes of the parallelepiped.
-----Output-----
For each test case, print the number of different groups of three points that satisfy all given conditions.
-----Example-----
Input
4
1 1 1
1 6 1
2 2 2
100 100 100
Output
1
4
4
165
-----Note-----
In the first test case, rectangular parallelepiped $(1, 1, 1)$ can be only divided into rectangular parallelepiped with sizes $(1, 1, 1)$.
In the second test case, rectangular parallelepiped $(1, 6, 1)$ can be divided into rectangular parallelepipeds with sizes $(1, 1, 1)$, $(1, 1, 2)$, $(1, 1, 3)$ and $(1, 1, 6)$.
In the third test case, rectangular parallelepiped $(2, 2, 2)$ can be divided into rectangular parallelepipeds with sizes $(1, 1, 1)$, $(1, 1, 2)$, $(1, 2, 2)$ and $(2, 2, 2)$.
Read the inputs from stdin solve the problem and write the answer to stdout (do not directly test on the sample inputs). Enclose your code within ```python delimiters.
|
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
The final match of the Berland Football Cup has been held recently. The referee has shown $n$ yellow cards throughout the match. At the beginning of the match there were $a_1$ players in the first team and $a_2$ players in the second team.
The rules of sending players off the game are a bit different in Berland football. If a player from the first team receives $k_1$ yellow cards throughout the match, he can no longer participate in the match — he's sent off. And if a player from the second team receives $k_2$ yellow cards, he's sent off. After a player leaves the match, he can no longer receive any yellow cards. Each of $n$ yellow cards was shown to exactly one player. Even if all players from one team (or even from both teams) leave the match, the game still continues.
The referee has lost his records on who has received each yellow card. Help him to determine the minimum and the maximum number of players that could have been thrown out of the game.
-----Input-----
The first line contains one integer $a_1$ $(1 \le a_1 \le 1\,000)$ — the number of players in the first team.
The second line contains one integer $a_2$ $(1 \le a_2 \le 1\,000)$ — the number of players in the second team.
The third line contains one integer $k_1$ $(1 \le k_1 \le 1\,000)$ — the maximum number of yellow cards a player from the first team can receive (after receiving that many yellow cards, he leaves the game).
The fourth line contains one integer $k_2$ $(1 \le k_2 \le 1\,000)$ — the maximum number of yellow cards a player from the second team can receive (after receiving that many yellow cards, he leaves the game).
The fifth line contains one integer $n$ $(1 \le n \le a_1 \cdot k_1 + a_2 \cdot k_2)$ — the number of yellow cards that have been shown during the match.
-----Output-----
Print two integers — the minimum and the maximum number of players that could have been thrown out of the game.
-----Examples-----
Input
2
3
5
1
8
Output
0 4
Input
3
1
6
7
25
Output
4 4
Input
6
4
9
10
89
Output
5 9
-----Note-----
In the first example it could be possible that no player left the game, so the first number in the output is $0$. The maximum possible number of players that could have been forced to leave the game is $4$ — one player from the first team, and three players from the second.
In the second example the maximum possible number of yellow cards has been shown $(3 \cdot 6 + 1 \cdot 7 = 25)$, so in any case all players were sent off.
Read the inputs from stdin solve the problem and write the answer to stdout (do not directly test on the sample inputs). Enclose your code within ```python delimiters.
|
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
N players will participate in a tennis tournament. We will call them Player 1, Player 2, \ldots, Player N.
The tournament is round-robin format, and there will be N(N-1)/2 matches in total.
Is it possible to schedule these matches so that all of the following conditions are satisfied? If the answer is yes, also find the minimum number of days required.
- Each player plays at most one matches in a day.
- Each player i (1 \leq i \leq N) plays one match against Player A_{i, 1}, A_{i, 2}, \ldots, A_{i, N-1} in this order.
-----Constraints-----
- 3 \leq N \leq 1000
- 1 \leq A_{i, j} \leq N
- A_{i, j} \neq i
- A_{i, 1}, A_{i, 2}, \ldots, A_{i, N-1} are all different.
-----Input-----
Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:
N
A_{1, 1} A_{1, 2} \ldots A_{1, N-1}
A_{2, 1} A_{2, 2} \ldots A_{2, N-1}
:
A_{N, 1} A_{N, 2} \ldots A_{N, N-1}
-----Output-----
If it is possible to schedule all the matches so that all of the conditions are satisfied, print the minimum number of days required; if it is impossible, print -1.
-----Sample Input-----
3
2 3
1 3
1 2
-----Sample Output-----
3
All the conditions can be satisfied if the matches are scheduled for three days as follows:
- Day 1: Player 1 vs Player 2
- Day 2: Player 1 vs Player 3
- Day 3: Player 2 vs Player 3
This is the minimum number of days required.
Read the inputs from stdin solve the problem and write the answer to stdout (do not directly test on the sample inputs). Enclose your code within ```python delimiters.
|
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
This problem's actual name, "Lexicographically Largest Palindromic Subsequence" is too long to fit into the page headline.
You are given string s consisting of lowercase English letters only. Find its lexicographically largest palindromic subsequence.
We'll call a non-empty string s[p1p2... pk] = sp1sp2... spk (1 ≤ p1 < p2 < ... < pk ≤ |s|) a subsequence of string s = s1s2... s|s|, where |s| is the length of string s. For example, strings "abcb", "b" and "abacaba" are subsequences of string "abacaba".
String x = x1x2... x|x| is lexicographically larger than string y = y1y2... y|y| if either |x| > |y| and x1 = y1, x2 = y2, ..., x|y| = y|y|, or there exists such number r (r < |x|, r < |y|) that x1 = y1, x2 = y2, ..., xr = yr and xr + 1 > yr + 1. Characters in the strings are compared according to their ASCII codes. For example, string "ranger" is lexicographically larger than string "racecar" and string "poster" is lexicographically larger than string "post".
String s = s1s2... s|s| is a palindrome if it matches string rev(s) = s|s|s|s| - 1... s1. In other words, a string is a palindrome if it reads the same way from left to right and from right to left. For example, palindromic strings are "racecar", "refer" and "z".
Input
The only input line contains a non-empty string s consisting of lowercase English letters only. Its length does not exceed 10.
Output
Print the lexicographically largest palindromic subsequence of string s.
Examples
Input
radar
Output
rr
Input
bowwowwow
Output
wwwww
Input
codeforces
Output
s
Input
mississipp
Output
ssss
Note
Among all distinct subsequences of string "radar" the following ones are palindromes: "a", "d", "r", "aa", "rr", "ada", "rar", "rdr", "raar" and "radar". The lexicographically largest of them is "rr".
Read the inputs from stdin solve the problem and write the answer to stdout (do not directly test on the sample inputs). Enclose your code within ```python delimiters.
|
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
Tsumugi brought $n$ delicious sweets to the Light Music Club. They are numbered from $1$ to $n$, where the $i$-th sweet has a sugar concentration described by an integer $a_i$.
Yui loves sweets, but she can eat at most $m$ sweets each day for health reasons.
Days are $1$-indexed (numbered $1, 2, 3, \ldots$). Eating the sweet $i$ at the $d$-th day will cause a sugar penalty of $(d \cdot a_i)$, as sweets become more sugary with time. A sweet can be eaten at most once.
The total sugar penalty will be the sum of the individual penalties of each sweet eaten.
Suppose that Yui chooses exactly $k$ sweets, and eats them in any order she wants. What is the minimum total sugar penalty she can get?
Since Yui is an undecided girl, she wants you to answer this question for every value of $k$ between $1$ and $n$.
-----Input-----
The first line contains two integers $n$ and $m$ ($1 \le m \le n \le 200\ 000$).
The second line contains $n$ integers $a_1, a_2, \ldots, a_n$ ($1 \le a_i \le 200\ 000$).
-----Output-----
You have to output $n$ integers $x_1, x_2, \ldots, x_n$ on a single line, separed by spaces, where $x_k$ is the minimum total sugar penalty Yui can get if she eats exactly $k$ sweets.
-----Examples-----
Input
9 2
6 19 3 4 4 2 6 7 8
Output
2 5 11 18 30 43 62 83 121
Input
1 1
7
Output
7
-----Note-----
Let's analyze the answer for $k = 5$ in the first example. Here is one of the possible ways to eat $5$ sweets that minimize total sugar penalty: Day $1$: sweets $1$ and $4$ Day $2$: sweets $5$ and $3$ Day $3$ : sweet $6$
Total penalty is $1 \cdot a_1 + 1 \cdot a_4 + 2 \cdot a_5 + 2 \cdot a_3 + 3 \cdot a_6 = 6 + 4 + 8 + 6 + 6 = 30$. We can prove that it's the minimum total sugar penalty Yui can achieve if she eats $5$ sweets, hence $x_5 = 30$.
Read the inputs from stdin solve the problem and write the answer to stdout (do not directly test on the sample inputs). Enclose your code within ```python delimiters.
|
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
How can you tell an extrovert from an
introvert at NSA? Va gur ryringbef,
gur rkgebireg ybbxf ng gur BGURE thl'f fubrf.
I found this joke on USENET, but the punchline is scrambled. Maybe you can decipher it?
According to Wikipedia, ROT13 (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ROT13) is frequently used to obfuscate jokes on USENET.
Hint: For this task you're only supposed to substitue characters. Not spaces, punctuation, numbers etc.
Test examples:
```
rot13("EBG13 rknzcyr.") == "ROT13 example.";
rot13("This is my first ROT13 excercise!" == "Guvf vf zl svefg EBG13 rkprepvfr!"
```
Write your solution by modifying this code:
```python
def rot13(message):
```
Your solution should implemented in the function "rot13". The i
Read the inputs from stdin solve the problem and write the answer to stdout (do not directly test on the sample inputs). Enclose your code within ```python delimiters.
|
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
Lunar New Year is approaching, and Bob received a gift from his friend recently — a recursive sequence! He loves this sequence very much and wants to play with it.
Let f_1, f_2, …, f_i, … be an infinite sequence of positive integers. Bob knows that for i > k, f_i can be obtained by the following recursive equation:
$$$f_i = \left(f_{i - 1} ^ {b_1} ⋅ f_{i - 2} ^ {b_2} ⋅ ⋅⋅⋅ ⋅ f_{i - k} ^ {b_k}\right) mod p,$$$
which in short is
$$$f_i = \left(∏_{j = 1}^{k} f_{i - j}^{b_j}\right) mod p,$$$
where p = 998 244 353 (a widely-used prime), b_1, b_2, …, b_k are known integer constants, and x mod y denotes the remainder of x divided by y.
Bob lost the values of f_1, f_2, …, f_k, which is extremely troublesome – these are the basis of the sequence! Luckily, Bob remembers the first k - 1 elements of the sequence: f_1 = f_2 = … = f_{k - 1} = 1 and the n-th element: f_n = m. Please find any possible value of f_k. If no solution exists, just tell Bob that it is impossible to recover his favorite sequence, regardless of Bob's sadness.
Input
The first line contains a positive integer k (1 ≤ k ≤ 100), denoting the length of the sequence b_1, b_2, …, b_k.
The second line contains k positive integers b_1, b_2, …, b_k (1 ≤ b_i < p).
The third line contains two positive integers n and m (k < n ≤ 10^9, 1 ≤ m < p), which implies f_n = m.
Output
Output a possible value of f_k, where f_k is a positive integer satisfying 1 ≤ f_k < p. If there are multiple answers, print any of them. If no such f_k makes f_n = m, output -1 instead.
It is easy to show that if there are some possible values of f_k, there must be at least one satisfying 1 ≤ f_k < p.
Examples
Input
3
2 3 5
4 16
Output
4
Input
5
4 7 1 5 6
7 14187219
Output
6
Input
8
2 3 5 6 1 7 9 10
23333 1
Output
1
Input
1
2
88888 66666
Output
-1
Input
3
998244352 998244352 998244352
4 2
Output
-1
Input
10
283 463 213 777 346 201 463 283 102 999
2333333 6263423
Output
382480067
Note
In the first sample, we have f_4 = f_3^2 ⋅ f_2^3 ⋅ f_1^5. Therefore, applying f_3 = 4, we have f_4 = 16. Note that there can be multiple answers.
In the third sample, applying f_7 = 1 makes f_{23333} = 1.
In the fourth sample, no such f_1 makes f_{88888} = 66666. Therefore, we output -1 instead.
Read the inputs from stdin solve the problem and write the answer to stdout (do not directly test on the sample inputs). Enclose your code within ```python delimiters.
|
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
Bob is a lazy man.
He needs you to create a method that can determine how many ```letters``` and ```digits``` are in a given string.
Example:
"hel2!lo" --> 6
"wicked .. !" --> 6
"!?..A" --> 1
Write your solution by modifying this code:
```python
def count_letters_and_digits(s):
```
Your solution should implemented in the function "count_letters_and_digits". The i
Read the inputs from stdin solve the problem and write the answer to stdout (do not directly test on the sample inputs). Enclose your code within ```python delimiters.
|
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
Alex enjoys performing magic tricks. He has a trick that requires a deck of n cards. He has m identical decks of n different cards each, which have been mixed together. When Alex wishes to perform the trick, he grabs n cards at random and performs the trick with those. The resulting deck looks like a normal deck, but may have duplicates of some cards.
The trick itself is performed as follows: first Alex allows you to choose a random card from the deck. You memorize the card and put it back in the deck. Then Alex shuffles the deck, and pulls out a card. If the card matches the one you memorized, the trick is successful.
You don't think Alex is a very good magician, and that he just pulls a card randomly from the deck. Determine the probability of the trick being successful if this is the case.
-----Input-----
First line of the input consists of two integers n and m (1 ≤ n, m ≤ 1000), separated by space — number of cards in each deck, and number of decks.
-----Output-----
On the only line of the output print one floating point number – probability of Alex successfully performing the trick. Relative or absolute error of your answer should not be higher than 10^{ - 6}.
-----Examples-----
Input
2 2
Output
0.6666666666666666
Input
4 4
Output
0.4000000000000000
Input
1 2
Output
1.0000000000000000
-----Note-----
In the first sample, with probability $\frac{1}{3}$ Alex will perform the trick with two cards with the same value from two different decks. In this case the trick is guaranteed to succeed.
With the remaining $\frac{2}{3}$ probability he took two different cards, and the probability of pulling off the trick is $\frac{1}{2}$.
The resulting probability is $\frac{1}{3} \times 1 + \frac{2}{3} \times \frac{1}{2} = \frac{2}{3}$
Read the inputs from stdin solve the problem and write the answer to stdout (do not directly test on the sample inputs). Enclose your code within ```python delimiters.
|
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
AtCoDeer the deer and his friend TopCoDeer is playing a game.
The game consists of N turns.
In each turn, each player plays one of the two gestures, Rock and Paper, as in Rock-paper-scissors, under the following condition:
(※) After each turn, (the number of times the player has played Paper)≦(the number of times the player has played Rock).
Each player's score is calculated by (the number of turns where the player wins) - (the number of turns where the player loses), where the outcome of each turn is determined by the rules of Rock-paper-scissors.
(For those who are not familiar with Rock-paper-scissors: If one player plays Rock and the other plays Paper, the latter player will win and the former player will lose. If both players play the same gesture, the round is a tie and neither player will win nor lose.)
With his supernatural power, AtCoDeer was able to foresee the gesture that TopCoDeer will play in each of the N turns, before the game starts.
Plan AtCoDeer's gesture in each turn to maximize AtCoDeer's score.
The gesture that TopCoDeer will play in each turn is given by a string s. If the i-th (1≦i≦N) character in s is g, TopCoDeer will play Rock in the i-th turn. Similarly, if the i-th (1≦i≦N) character of s in p, TopCoDeer will play Paper in the i-th turn.
-----Constraints-----
- 1≦N≦10^5
- N=|s|
- Each character in s is g or p.
- The gestures represented by s satisfy the condition (※).
-----Input-----
The input is given from Standard Input in the following format:
s
-----Output-----
Print the AtCoDeer's maximum possible score.
-----Sample Input-----
gpg
-----Sample Output-----
0
Playing the same gesture as the opponent in each turn results in the score of 0, which is the maximum possible score.
Read the inputs from stdin solve the problem and write the answer to stdout (do not directly test on the sample inputs). Enclose your code within ```python delimiters.
|
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
### Unfinished Loop - Bug Fixing #1
Oh no, Timmy's created an infinite loop! Help Timmy find and fix the bug in his unfinished for loop!
Write your solution by modifying this code:
```python
def create_array(n):
```
Your solution should implemented in the function "create_array". The i
Read the inputs from stdin solve the problem and write the answer to stdout (do not directly test on the sample inputs). Enclose your code within ```python delimiters.
|
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
Haiku is a genre of Japanese traditional poetry.
A haiku poem consists of 17 syllables split into three phrases, containing 5, 7 and 5 syllables correspondingly (the first phrase should contain exactly 5 syllables, the second phrase should contain exactly 7 syllables, and the third phrase should contain exactly 5 syllables). A haiku masterpiece contains a description of a moment in those three phrases. Every word is important in a small poem, which is why haiku are rich with symbols. Each word has a special meaning, a special role. The main principle of haiku is to say much using a few words.
To simplify the matter, in the given problem we will consider that the number of syllable in the phrase is equal to the number of vowel letters there. Only the following letters are regarded as vowel letters: "a", "e", "i", "o" and "u".
Three phases from a certain poem are given. Determine whether it is haiku or not.
Input
The input data consists of three lines. The length of each line is between 1 and 100, inclusive. The i-th line contains the i-th phrase of the poem. Each phrase consists of one or more words, which are separated by one or more spaces. A word is a non-empty sequence of lowercase Latin letters. Leading and/or trailing spaces in phrases are allowed. Every phrase has at least one non-space character. See the example for clarification.
Output
Print "YES" (without the quotes) if the poem is a haiku. Otherwise, print "NO" (also without the quotes).
Examples
Input
on codeforces
beta round is running
a rustling of keys
Output
YES
Input
how many gallons
of edo s rain did you drink
cuckoo
Output
NO
Read the inputs from stdin solve the problem and write the answer to stdout (do not directly test on the sample inputs). Enclose your code within ```python delimiters.
|
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
Two bored soldiers are playing card war. Their card deck consists of exactly n cards, numbered from 1 to n, all values are different. They divide cards between them in some manner, it's possible that they have different number of cards. Then they play a "war"-like card game.
The rules are following. On each turn a fight happens. Each of them picks card from the top of his stack and puts on the table. The one whose card value is bigger wins this fight and takes both cards from the table to the bottom of his stack. More precisely, he first takes his opponent's card and puts to the bottom of his stack, and then he puts his card to the bottom of his stack. If after some turn one of the player's stack becomes empty, he loses and the other one wins.
You have to calculate how many fights will happen and who will win the game, or state that game won't end.
-----Input-----
First line contains a single integer n (2 ≤ n ≤ 10), the number of cards.
Second line contains integer k_1 (1 ≤ k_1 ≤ n - 1), the number of the first soldier's cards. Then follow k_1 integers that are the values on the first soldier's cards, from top to bottom of his stack.
Third line contains integer k_2 (k_1 + k_2 = n), the number of the second soldier's cards. Then follow k_2 integers that are the values on the second soldier's cards, from top to bottom of his stack.
All card values are different.
-----Output-----
If somebody wins in this game, print 2 integers where the first one stands for the number of fights before end of game and the second one is 1 or 2 showing which player has won.
If the game won't end and will continue forever output - 1.
-----Examples-----
Input
4
2 1 3
2 4 2
Output
6 2
Input
3
1 2
2 1 3
Output
-1
-----Note-----
First sample: [Image]
Second sample: [Image]
Read the inputs from stdin solve the problem and write the answer to stdout (do not directly test on the sample inputs). Enclose your code within ```python delimiters.
|
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
n soldiers stand in a circle. For each soldier his height ai is known. A reconnaissance unit can be made of such two neighbouring soldiers, whose heights difference is minimal, i.e. |ai - aj| is minimal. So each of them will be less noticeable with the other. Output any pair of soldiers that can form a reconnaissance unit.
Input
The first line contains integer n (2 ≤ n ≤ 100) — amount of soldiers. Then follow the heights of the soldiers in their order in the circle — n space-separated integers a1, a2, ..., an (1 ≤ ai ≤ 1000). The soldier heights are given in clockwise or counterclockwise direction.
Output
Output two integers — indexes of neighbouring soldiers, who should form a reconnaissance unit. If there are many optimum solutions, output any of them. Remember, that the soldiers stand in a circle.
Examples
Input
5
10 12 13 15 10
Output
5 1
Input
4
10 20 30 40
Output
1 2
Read the inputs from stdin solve the problem and write the answer to stdout (do not directly test on the sample inputs). Enclose your code within ```python delimiters.
|
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
You are given a string S consisting of uppercase English letters. Find the length of the longest ACGT string that is a substring (see Notes) of S.
Here, a ACGT string is a string that contains no characters other than A, C, G and T.
-----Notes-----
A substring of a string T is a string obtained by removing zero or more characters from the beginning and the end of T.
For example, the substrings of ATCODER include TCO, AT, CODER, ATCODER and (the empty string), but not AC.
-----Constraints-----
- S is a string of length between 1 and 10 (inclusive).
- Each character in S is an uppercase English letter.
-----Input-----
Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:
S
-----Output-----
Print the length of the longest ACGT string that is a substring of S.
-----Sample Input-----
ATCODER
-----Sample Output-----
3
Among the ACGT strings that are substrings of ATCODER, the longest one is ATC.
Read the inputs from stdin solve the problem and write the answer to stdout (do not directly test on the sample inputs). Enclose your code within ```python delimiters.
|
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
Yaroslav has an array that consists of n integers. In one second Yaroslav can swap two neighboring array elements. Now Yaroslav is wondering if he can obtain an array where any two neighboring elements would be distinct in a finite time.
Help Yaroslav.
-----Input-----
The first line contains integer n (1 ≤ n ≤ 100) — the number of elements in the array. The second line contains n integers a_1, a_2, ..., a_{n} (1 ≤ a_{i} ≤ 1000) — the array elements.
-----Output-----
In the single line print "YES" (without the quotes) if Yaroslav can obtain the array he needs, and "NO" (without the quotes) otherwise.
-----Examples-----
Input
1
1
Output
YES
Input
3
1 1 2
Output
YES
Input
4
7 7 7 7
Output
NO
-----Note-----
In the first sample the initial array fits well.
In the second sample Yaroslav can get array: 1, 2, 1. He can swap the last and the second last elements to obtain it.
In the third sample Yarosav can't get the array he needs.
Read the inputs from stdin solve the problem and write the answer to stdout (do not directly test on the sample inputs). Enclose your code within ```python delimiters.
|
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
You are given a three-digit positive integer N.
Determine whether N is a palindromic number.
Here, a palindromic number is an integer that reads the same backward as forward in decimal notation.
-----Constraints-----
- 100≤N≤999
- N is an integer.
-----Input-----
Input is given from Standard Input in the following format:
N
-----Output-----
If N is a palindromic number, print Yes; otherwise, print No.
-----Sample Input-----
575
-----Sample Output-----
Yes
N=575 is also 575 when read backward, so it is a palindromic number. You should print Yes.
Read the inputs from stdin solve the problem and write the answer to stdout (do not directly test on the sample inputs). Enclose your code within ```python delimiters.
|
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
You are given a string $s$, consisting only of characters '0' or '1'. Let $|s|$ be the length of $s$.
You are asked to choose some integer $k$ ($k > 0$) and find a sequence $a$ of length $k$ such that:
$1 \le a_1 < a_2 < \dots < a_k \le |s|$;
$a_{i-1} + 1 < a_i$ for all $i$ from $2$ to $k$.
The characters at positions $a_1, a_2, \dots, a_k$ are removed, the remaining characters are concatenated without changing the order. So, in other words, the positions in the sequence $a$ should not be adjacent.
Let the resulting string be $s'$. $s'$ is called sorted if for all $i$ from $2$ to $|s'|$ $s'_{i-1} \le s'_i$.
Does there exist such a sequence $a$ that the resulting string $s'$ is sorted?
-----Input-----
The first line contains a single integer $t$ ($1 \le t \le 1000$) — the number of testcases.
Then the descriptions of $t$ testcases follow.
The only line of each testcase contains a string $s$ ($2 \le |s| \le 100$). Each character is either '0' or '1'.
-----Output-----
For each testcase print "YES" if there exists a sequence $a$ such that removing the characters at positions $a_1, a_2, \dots, a_k$ and concatenating the parts without changing the order produces a sorted string.
Otherwise, print "NO".
You may print every letter in any case you want (so, for example, the strings yEs, yes, Yes and YES are all recognized as positive answer).
-----Examples-----
Input
5
10101011011
0000
11111
110
1100
Output
YES
YES
YES
YES
NO
-----Note-----
In the first testcase you can choose a sequence $a=[1,3,6,9]$. Removing the underlined letters from "10101011011" will produce a string "0011111", which is sorted.
In the second and the third testcases the sequences are already sorted.
In the fourth testcase you can choose a sequence $a=[3]$. $s'=$ "11", which is sorted.
In the fifth testcase there is no way to choose a sequence $a$ such that $s'$ is sorted.
Read the inputs from stdin solve the problem and write the answer to stdout (do not directly test on the sample inputs). Enclose your code within ```python delimiters.
|
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
Mr. Simpson got up with a slight feeling of tiredness. It was the start of another day of hard work. A bunch of papers were waiting for his inspection on his desk in his office. The papers contained his students' answers to questions in his Math class, but the answers looked as if they were just stains of ink.
His headache came from the ``creativity'' of his students. They provided him a variety of ways to answer each problem. He has his own answer to each problem, which is correct, of course, and the best from his aesthetic point of view.
Some of his students wrote algebraic expressions equivalent to the expected answer, but many of them look quite different from Mr. Simpson's answer in terms of their literal forms. Some wrote algebraic expressions not equivalent to his answer, but they look quite similar to it. Only a few of the students' answers were exactly the same as his.
It is his duty to check if each expression is mathematically equivalent to the answer he has prepared. This is to prevent expressions that are equivalent to his from being marked as ``incorrect'', even if they are not acceptable to his aesthetic moral.
He had now spent five days checking the expressions. Suddenly, he stood up and yelled, ``I've had enough! I must call for help.''
Your job is to write a program to help Mr. Simpson to judge if each answer is equivalent to the ``correct'' one. Algebraic expressions written on the papers are multi-variable polynomials over variable symbols a, b,..., z with integer coefficients, e.g., (a + b2)(a - b2), ax2 +2bx + c and (x2 +5x + 4)(x2 + 5x + 6) + 1.
Mr. Simpson will input every answer expression as it is written on the papers; he promises you that an algebraic expression he inputs is a sequence of terms separated by additive operators `+' and `-', representing the sum of the terms with those operators, if any; a term is a juxtaposition of multiplicands, representing their product; and a multiplicand is either (a) a non-negative integer as a digit sequence in decimal, (b) a variable symbol (one of the lowercase letters `a' to `z'), possibly followed by a symbol `^' and a non-zero digit, which represents the power of that variable, or (c) a parenthesized algebraic expression, recursively. Note that the operator `+' or `-' appears only as a binary operator and not as a unary operator to specify the sing of its operand.
He says that he will put one or more space characters before an integer if it immediately follows another integer or a digit following the symbol `^'. He also says he may put spaces here and there in an expression as an attempt to make it readable, but he will never put a space between two consecutive digits of an integer. He remarks that the expressions are not so complicated, and that any expression, having its `-'s replaced with `+'s, if any, would have no variable raised to its 10th power, nor coefficient more than a billion, even if it is fully expanded into a form of a sum of products of coefficients and powered variables.
Input
The input to your program is a sequence of blocks of lines. A block consists of lines, each containing an expression, and a terminating line. After the last block, there is another terminating line. A terminating line is a line solely consisting of a period symbol.
The first expression of a block is one prepared by Mr. Simpson; all that follow in a block are answers by the students. An expression consists of lowercase letters, digits, operators `+', `-' and `^', parentheses `(' and `)', and spaces. A line containing an expression has no more than 80 characters.
Output
Your program should produce a line solely consisting of ``yes'' or ``no'' for each answer by the students corresponding to whether or not it is mathematically equivalent to the expected answer. Your program should produce a line solely containing a period symbol after each block.
Example
Input
a+b+c
(a+b)+c
a- (b-c)+2
.
4ab
(a - b) (0-b+a) - 1a ^ 2 - b ^ 2
2 b 2 a
.
108 a
2 2 3 3 3 a
4 a^1 27
.
.
Output
yes
no
.
no
yes
.
yes
yes
.
Read the inputs from stdin solve the problem and write the answer to stdout (do not directly test on the sample inputs). Enclose your code within ```python delimiters.
|
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
The Berland road network consists of n cities and of m bidirectional roads. The cities are numbered from 1 to n, where the main capital city has number n, and the culture capital — number 1. The road network is set up so that it is possible to reach any city from any other one by the roads. Moving on each road in any direction takes the same time.
All residents of Berland are very lazy people, and so when they want to get from city v to city u, they always choose one of the shortest paths (no matter which one).
The Berland government wants to make this country's road network safer. For that, it is going to put a police station in one city. The police station has a rather strange property: when a citizen of Berland is driving along the road with a police station at one end of it, the citizen drives more carefully, so all such roads are considered safe. The roads, both ends of which differ from the city with the police station, are dangerous.
Now the government wonders where to put the police station so that the average number of safe roads for all the shortest paths from the cultural capital to the main capital would take the maximum value.
Input
The first input line contains two integers n and m (2 ≤ n ≤ 100, <image>) — the number of cities and the number of roads in Berland, correspondingly. Next m lines contain pairs of integers vi, ui (1 ≤ vi, ui ≤ n, vi ≠ ui) — the numbers of cities that are connected by the i-th road. The numbers on a line are separated by a space.
It is guaranteed that each pair of cities is connected with no more than one road and that it is possible to get from any city to any other one along Berland roads.
Output
Print the maximum possible value of the average number of safe roads among all shortest paths from the culture capital to the main one. The answer will be considered valid if its absolute or relative inaccuracy does not exceed 10 - 6.
Examples
Input
4 4
1 2
2 4
1 3
3 4
Output
1.000000000000
Input
11 14
1 2
1 3
2 4
3 4
4 5
4 6
5 11
6 11
1 8
8 9
9 7
11 7
1 10
10 4
Output
1.714285714286
Note
In the first sample you can put a police station in one of the capitals, then each path will have exactly one safe road. If we place the station not in the capital, then the average number of safe roads will also make <image>.
In the second sample we can obtain the maximum sought value if we put the station in city 4, then 6 paths will have 2 safe roads each, and one path will have 0 safe roads, so the answer will equal <image>.
Read the inputs from stdin solve the problem and write the answer to stdout (do not directly test on the sample inputs). Enclose your code within ```python delimiters.
|
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
Read problems statements in Mandarin Chinese and Russian as well.
There are 100 houses located on a straight line. The first house is numbered 1 and the last one is numbered 100. Some M houses out of these 100 are occupied by cops.
Thief Devu has just stolen PeePee's bag and is looking for a house to hide in.
PeePee uses fast 4G Internet and sends the message to all the cops that a thief named Devu has just stolen her bag and ran into some house.
Devu knows that the cops run at a maximum speed of x houses per minute in a straight line and they will search for a maximum of y minutes. Devu wants to know how many houses are safe for him to escape from the cops. Help him in getting this information.
------ Input ------
First line contains T, the number of test cases to follow.
First line of each test case contains 3 space separated integers: M, x and y.
For each test case, the second line contains M space separated integers which represent the house numbers where the cops are residing.
------ Output ------
For each test case, output a single line containing the number of houses which are safe to hide from cops.
------ Constraints ------
$1 ≤ T ≤ 10^{4}$
$1 ≤ x, y, M ≤ 10$
----- Sample Input 1 ------
3
4 7 8
12 52 56 8
2 10 2
21 75
2 5 8
10 51
----- Sample Output 1 ------
0
18
9
----- explanation 1 ------
Test case $1$: Based on the speed, each cop can cover $56$ houses on each side. These houses are:
- Cop in house $12$ can cover houses $1$ to $11$ if he travels left and houses $13$ to $68$ if he travels right. Thus, this cop can cover houses numbered $1$ to $68$.
- Cop in house $52$ can cover houses $1$ to $51$ if he travels left and houses $53$ to $100$ if he travels right. Thus, this cop can cover houses numbered $1$ to $100$.
- Cop in house $56$ can cover houses $1$ to $55$ if he travels left and houses $57$ to $100$ if he travels right. Thus, this cop can cover houses numbered $1$ to $100$.
- Cop in house $8$ can cover houses $1$ to $7$ if he travels left and houses $9$ to $64$ if he travels right. Thus, this cop can cover houses numbered $1$ to $64$.
Thus, there is no house which is not covered by any of the cops.
Test case $2$: Based on the speed, each cop can cover $20$ houses on each side. These houses are:
- Cop in house $21$ can cover houses $1$ to $20$ if he travels left and houses $22$ to $41$ if he travels right. Thus, this cop can cover houses numbered $1$ to $41$.
- Cop in house $75$ can cover houses $55$ to $74$ if he travels left and houses $76$ to $95$ if he travels right. Thus, this cop can cover houses numbered $55$ to $95$.
Thus, the safe houses are house number $42$ to $54$ and $96$ to $100$. There are $18$ safe houses.
Read the inputs from stdin solve the problem and write the answer to stdout (do not directly test on the sample inputs). Enclose your code within ```python delimiters.
|
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
problem
Given the lengths of $ 2 $ sides that are not the hypotenuse of a right triangle, $ A $ and $ B $. The side of length $ A $ overlaps the $ x $ axis, and the side of length $ B $ overlaps the $ y $ axis.
Do the following:
1. Rotate the triangle around the $ x $ axis.
2. Rotate the shape created by performing the operation $ 1 $ around the $ y $ axis.
Perform the operation $ 2 $ to find the volume of the created figure.
output
Output the volume of the figure. Also, output a line break at the end. Absolute or relative errors less than $ 0.000001 $ are allowed.
Example
Input
1 2
Output
33.510322
Read the inputs from stdin solve the problem and write the answer to stdout (do not directly test on the sample inputs). Enclose your code within ```python delimiters.
|
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