question large_stringlengths 265 13.2k |
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The purpose of this problem is to verify whether the method you are using to read input data is sufficiently fast to handle problems branded with the enormous Input/Output warning. You are expected to be able to process at least 2.5MB of input data per ... |
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There are N points in a D-dimensional space.
The coordinates of the i-th point are (X_{i1}, X_{i2}, ..., X_{iD}).
The distance between two points with coordinates (y_1, y_2, ..., y_D) and (z_1, z_2, ..., z_D) is \sqrt{(y_1 - z_1)^2 + (y_2 - z_2)^2 + ...... |
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A palindrome is a word, phrase, number, or other sequence of characters which reads the same backward as forward. Examples of numerical palindromes are:
2332
110011
54322345
For this kata, single digit numbers will not be considered numerical palindr... |
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Comprised of a team of five incredibly brilliant women, "The ladies of ENIAC" were the first “computors” working at the University of Pennsylvania’s Moore School of Engineering (1945). Through their contributions, we gained the first software applicatio... |
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Luntik has decided to try singing. He has $a$ one-minute songs, $b$ two-minute songs and $c$ three-minute songs. He wants to distribute all songs into two concerts such that every song should be included to exactly one concert.
He wants to make the abs... |
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###Instructions
A time period starting from ```'hh:mm'``` lasting until ```'hh:mm'``` is stored in an array:
```
['08:14', '11:34']
```
A set of different time periods is then stored in a 2D Array like so, each in its own sub-array:
```
[['08:14','11:3... |
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Alicia has an array, $a_1, a_2, \ldots, a_n$, of non-negative integers. For each $1 \leq i \leq n$, she has found a non-negative integer $x_i = max(0, a_1, \ldots, a_{i-1})$. Note that for $i=1$, $x_i = 0$.
For example, if Alicia had the array $a = \{0... |
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Let p (i) be the i-th prime number from the smallest. For example, 7 is the fourth prime number from the smallest, 2, 3, 5, 7, so p (4) = 7.
Given n, the sum of p (i) from i = 1 to n s
s = p (1) + p (2) + .... + p (n)
Create a program that outputs. F... |
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There are 32 letters in the Polish alphabet: 9 vowels and 23 consonants.
Your task is to change the letters with diacritics:
```
ą -> a,
ć -> c,
ę -> e,
ł -> l,
ń -> n,
ó -> o,
ś -> s,
ź -> z,
ż -> z
```
and print out the string without the use of t... |
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A bracketed sequence is called correct (regular) if by inserting "+" and "1" you can get a well-formed mathematical expression from it. For example, sequences "(())()", "()" and "(()(()))" are correct, while ")(", "(()" and "(()))(" are not.
The teache... |
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Daniel has a string s, consisting of lowercase English letters and period signs (characters '.'). Let's define the operation of replacement as the following sequence of steps: find a substring ".." (two consecutive periods) in string s, of all occurrenc... |
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Yakko, Wakko and Dot, world-famous animaniacs, decided to rest from acting in cartoons, and take a leave to travel a bit. Yakko dreamt to go to Pennsylvania, his Motherland and the Motherland of his ancestors. Wakko thought about Tasmania, its beaches, ... |
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The purpose of this kata is to work out just how many bottles of duty free whiskey you would have to buy such that the saving over the normal high street price would effectively cover the cost of your holiday.
You will be given the high street price (... |
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Greg has an array a = a_1, a_2, ..., a_{n} and m operations. Each operation looks as: l_{i}, r_{i}, d_{i}, (1 ≤ l_{i} ≤ r_{i} ≤ n). To apply operation i to the array means to increase all array elements with numbers l_{i}, l_{i} + 1, ..., r_{i} by value... |
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You are given a string $s$ consisting of $n$ lowercase Latin letters. Polycarp wants to remove exactly $k$ characters ($k \le n$) from the string $s$. Polycarp uses the following algorithm $k$ times:
if there is at least one letter 'a', remove the le... |
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You are given an array of positive integers a1, a2, ..., an × T of length n × T. We know that for any i > n it is true that ai = ai - n. Find the length of the longest non-decreasing sequence of the given array.
Input
The first line contains two space... |
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After finding and moving to the new planet that supports human life, discussions started on which currency should be used. After long negotiations, Bitcoin was ultimately chosen as the universal currency.
These were the great news for Alice, whose gran... |
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You and your n - 1 friends have found an array of integers a_1, a_2, ..., a_n. You have decided to share it in the following way: All n of you stand in a line in a particular order. Each minute, the person at the front of the line chooses either the fir... |
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The only difference between the easy and the hard version is the constraint on $n$.
You are given an undirected complete graph on $n$ vertices. A complete graph is a graph where each pair of vertices is connected by an edge. You have to paint the edges... |
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In the world of Latin Alphabets, there seemed to be a catastrophe! All the vowels went missing. The other alphabets got disturbed and began the search operation.
While searching they stumbled upon a garbage of letters. Can you help them find if the this... |
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The winter in Berland lasts n days. For each day we know the forecast for the average air temperature that day.
Vasya has a new set of winter tires which allows him to drive safely no more than k days at any average air temperature. After k days of us... |
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The number `1035` is the smallest integer that exhibits a non frequent property: one its multiples, `3105 = 1035 * 3`, has its same digits but in different order, in other words, `3105`, is one of the permutations of `1035`.
The number `125874` is the ... |
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# Task
A newspaper is published in Walrusland. Its heading is `s1` , it consists of lowercase Latin letters.
Fangy the little walrus wants to buy several such newspapers, cut out their headings, glue them one to another in order to get one big string.... |
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Takahashi went to an all-you-can-eat buffet with N kinds of dishes and ate all of them (Dish 1, Dish 2, \ldots, Dish N) once.
The i-th dish (1 \leq i \leq N) he ate was Dish A_i.
When he eats Dish i (1 \leq i \leq N), he gains B_i satisfaction points.
A... |
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Easy and hard versions are actually different problems, so we advise you to read both statements carefully.
You are given a weighted rooted tree, vertex 1 is the root of this tree. Also, each edge has its own cost.
A tree is a connected graph without ... |
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Let f(n) be the number of triples of integers (x,y,z) that satisfy both of the following conditions:
* 1 \leq x,y,z
* x^2 + y^2 + z^2 + xy + yz + zx = n
Given an integer N, find each of f(1),f(2),f(3),\ldots,f(N).
Constraints
* All values in input... |
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You already know that Valery's favorite sport is biathlon. Due to your help, he learned to shoot without missing, and his skills are unmatched at the shooting range. But now a smaller task is to be performed, he should learn to complete the path fastest... |
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Santa Claus is the first who came to the Christmas Olympiad, and he is going to be the first to take his place at a desk! In the classroom there are n lanes of m desks each, and there are two working places at each of the desks. The lanes are numbered f... |
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There are $n$ points on a coordinate axis $OX$. The $i$-th point is located at the integer point $x_i$ and has a speed $v_i$. It is guaranteed that no two points occupy the same coordinate. All $n$ points move with the constant speed, the coordinate of ... |
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Read problems statements in Mandarin Chinese and Russian.
Sometimes mysteries happen. Chef found a directed graph with N vertices and M edges in his kitchen!
The evening was boring and chef has nothing else to do, so to entertain himself, Chef thoug... |
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In this kata, we want to discover a small property of numbers.
We say that a number is a **dd** number if it contains d occurences of a digit d, (d is in [1,9]).
## Examples
* 664444309 is a **dd** number, as it contains 4 occurences of the number 4
... |
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You are walking through a parkway near your house. The parkway has $n+1$ benches in a row numbered from $1$ to $n+1$ from left to right. The distance between the bench $i$ and $i+1$ is $a_i$ meters.
Initially, you have $m$ units of energy. To walk $1$ ... |
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problem
One day, Taro, who lives in JOI town, decided to take a walk as a daily routine to improve his health. In JOI town, where Taro lives, he runs in the east-west direction as shown in the figure (H + 1). The road and the north-south direction (W +... |
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Slime has a sequence of positive integers $a_1, a_2, \ldots, a_n$.
In one operation Orac can choose an arbitrary subsegment $[l \ldots r]$ of this sequence and replace all values $a_l, a_{l + 1}, \ldots, a_r$ to the value of median of $\{a_l, a_{l + 1}... |
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Aizu is famous for its buckwheat. There are many people who make buckwheat noodles by themselves.
One day, you went shopping to buy buckwheat flour. You can visit three shops, A, B and C. The amount in a bag and its unit price for each shop is determin... |
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The famous joke programming language HQ9+ has only 4 commands. In this problem we will explore its subset — a language called HQ...
-----Input-----
The only line of the input is a string between 1 and 10^6 characters long.
-----Output-----
Output ... |
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Return the Nth Even Number
The input will not be 0.
Write your solution by modifying this code:
```python
def nth_even(n):
```
Your solution should implemented in the function "nth_even". The i
Read the inputs from stdin solve the problem and wri... |
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This problem is same as the next one, but has smaller constraints.
Shiro's just moved to the new house. She wants to invite all friends of her to the house so they can play monopoly. However, her house is too small, so she can only invite one friend at... |
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You are working as a night watchman in an office building. Your task is to check whether all the lights in the building are turned off after all the office workers in the building have left the office. If there are lights that are turned on, you must tu... |
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Problem statement
There is an unsigned $ 2 $ decimal integer $ X $ with $ N $ in digits including Leading-zeros. Output the largest non-negative integer that can be expressed in $ 2 $ base in $ N $ digits where the Hamming distance from $ X $ is $ D $.... |
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You are given two strings $s$ and $t$. The string $s$ consists of lowercase Latin letters and at most one wildcard character '*', the string $t$ consists only of lowercase Latin letters. The length of the string $s$ equals $n$, the length of the string ... |
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Example
Input
ACM
Output
0
Read the inputs from stdin solve the problem and write the answer to stdout (do not directly test on the sample inputs). Enclose your code within ```python delimiters. |
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The programming competition season has already started and it's time to train for ICPC. Sereja coaches his teams for a number of year and he knows that to get ready for the training session it's not enough to prepare only problems and editorial. As the ... |
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Little penguin Polo loves his home village. The village has n houses, indexed by integers from 1 to n. Each house has a plaque containing an integer, the i-th house has a plaque containing integer p_{i} (1 ≤ p_{i} ≤ n).
Little penguin Polo loves walkin... |
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After you had helped George and Alex to move in the dorm, they went to help their friend Fedor play a new computer game «Call of Soldiers 3».
The game has (m + 1) players and n types of soldiers in total. Players «Call of Soldiers 3» are numbered form ... |
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Nowadays the one-way traffic is introduced all over the world in order to improve driving safety and reduce traffic jams. The government of Berland decided to keep up with new trends. Formerly all n cities of Berland were connected by n two-way roads in... |
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Catherine received an array of integers as a gift for March 8. Eventually she grew bored with it, and she started calculated various useless characteristics for it. She succeeded to do it for each one she came up with. But when she came up with another ... |
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Little Petya loves inequations. Help him find n positive integers a1, a2, ..., an, such that the following two conditions are satisfied:
* a12 + a22 + ... + an2 ≥ x
* a1 + a2 + ... + an ≤ y
Input
The first line contains three space-separated inte... |
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You have the `radius` of a circle with the center in point `(0,0)`.
Write a function that calculates the number of points in the circle where `(x,y)` - the cartesian coordinates of the points - are `integers`.
Example: for `radius = 2` the result shou... |
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You are given two squares, one with sides parallel to the coordinate axes, and another one with sides at 45 degrees to the coordinate axes. Find whether the two squares intersect.
The interior of the square is considered to be part of the square, i.e. ... |
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Every great chef knows that lucky numbers are positive integers whose decimal representations contain only the lucky digits 4 and 7. For example, numbers 47, 744, 4 are lucky and 5, 17, 467 are not.
Our chef has recently returned from the Lucky coun... |
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problem
There is a mysterious device $ M $, and if you put Tanuki and Fox in this device, one animal will come out from the device (hereinafter, Tanuki will be $ T $ and Fox will be $ F $).
$ M (x, y) $ represents an animal that came out by putting an... |
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You are given an integer $x$ and an array of integers $a_1, a_2, \ldots, a_n$. You have to determine if the number $a_1! + a_2! + \ldots + a_n!$ is divisible by $x!$.
Here $k!$ is a factorial of $k$ — the product of all positive integers less than or e... |
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George decided to prepare a Codesecrof round, so he has prepared m problems for the round. Let's number the problems with integers 1 through m. George estimates the i-th problem's complexity by integer b_{i}.
To make the round good, he needs to put at ... |
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On vacations n pupils decided to go on excursion and gather all together. They need to overcome the path with the length l meters. Each of the pupils will go with the speed equal to v1. To get to the excursion quickly, it was decided to rent a bus, whic... |
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You are given a string s, consisting of small Latin letters. Let's denote the length of the string as |s|. The characters in the string are numbered starting from 1.
Your task is to find out if it is possible to rearrange characters in string s so tha... |
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Today is Chef's birthday. His mom decided to surprise him with a truly fantastic gift: his favourite binary string B. But, unfortunately, all the stocks of binary string B have been sold out, and only a binary string A (A ≠ B) is available in the market... |
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Suppose you have two polynomials <image> and <image>. Then polynomial <image> can be uniquely represented in the following way:
<image>
This can be done using [long division](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polynomial_long_division). Here, <image> denot... |
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Takahashi has a string S of length N consisting of lowercase English letters. On this string, he will perform the following operation K times:
* Let T be the string obtained by reversing S, and U be the string obtained by concatenating S and T in this ... |
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Polycarp plans to conduct a load testing of its new project Fakebook. He already agreed with his friends that at certain points in time they will send requests to Fakebook. The load testing will last n minutes and in the i-th minute friends will send a_... |
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Suppose you are living with two cats: A and B. There are $n$ napping spots where both cats usually sleep.
Your cats like to sleep and also like all these spots, so they change napping spot each hour cyclically:
Cat A changes its napping place in order... |
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There are N squares arranged in a row from left to right.
The height of the i-th square from the left is H_i.
You will land on a square of your choice, then repeat moving to the adjacent square on the right as long as the height of the next square is no... |
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You are given two sequences $a_1, a_2, \dots, a_n$ and $b_1, b_2, \dots, b_n$. Each element of both sequences is either $0$, $1$ or $2$. The number of elements $0$, $1$, $2$ in the sequence $a$ is $x_1$, $y_1$, $z_1$ respectively, and the number of elem... |
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Draw a frame which has a height of H cm and a width of W cm. For example, the following figure shows a frame which has a height of 6 cm and a width of 10 cm.
........#
........#
........#
........#
Constraints
* 3 ≤ H ≤ 300
* 3 ≤ W ≤ 300
Input
... |
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Write a program to find the remainder when an integer A is divided by an integer B.
-----Input-----
The first line contains an integer T, the total number of test cases. Then T lines follow, each line contains two Integers A and B.
-----Output-----
... |
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Let there be an array $b_1, b_2, \ldots, b_k$. Let there be a partition of this array into segments $[l_1; r_1], [l_2; r_2], \ldots, [l_c; r_c]$, where $l_1 = 1$, $r_c = k$, and for any $2 \leq i \leq c$ holds that $r_{i-1} + 1 = l_i$. In other words, e... |
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Lucy likes letters. She studied the definition of the lexicographical order at school and plays with it.
At first, she tried to construct the lexicographically smallest word out of given letters. It was so easy! Then she tried to build multiple words a... |
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Acacius is studying strings theory. Today he came with the following problem.
You are given a string $s$ of length $n$ consisting of lowercase English letters and question marks. It is possible to replace question marks with lowercase English letters i... |
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Due to the increase in the number of students of Berland State University it was decided to equip a new computer room. You were given the task of buying mouses, and you have to spend as little as possible. After all, the country is in crisis!
The compu... |
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The Red Kingdom is attacked by the White King and the Black King!
The Kingdom is guarded by $n$ castles, the $i$-th castle is defended by $a_i$ soldiers. To conquer the Red Kingdom, the Kings have to eliminate all the defenders.
Each day the White Ki... |
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Chef likes rectangles. Among all possible rectangles, he loves rectangles that can be drawn like a grid, such that they have N rows and M columns. Grids are common in Byteland. Hence, Chef has drawn such a rectangle and plans on moving around in it.
Th... |
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There are just some things you can't do on television. In this case, you've just come back from having a "delicious" Barth burger and you're set to give an interview. The Barth burger has made you queezy, and you've forgotten some of the import rules of... |
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There is an infinite sequence consisting of all positive integers in the increasing order: p = {1, 2, 3, ...}. We performed n swap operations with this sequence. A swap(a, b) is an operation of swapping the elements of the sequence on positions a and b.... |
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You have a garden consisting entirely of grass and weeds. Your garden is described by an n × m grid, with rows numbered 1 to n from top to bottom, and columns 1 to m from left to right. Each cell is identified by a pair (r, c) which means that the cell ... |
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<image>
Input
The input contains two integers row, col (0 ≤ row, col ≤ 63), separated by a single space.
Output
Output "IN" or "OUT".
Examples
Input
0 0
Output
OUT
Input
27 0
Output
IN
Input
0 27
Output
OUT
Input
27 27
... |
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Gildong has a square board consisting of n rows and n columns of square cells, each consisting of a single digit (from 0 to 9). The cell at the j-th column of the i-th row can be represented as (i, j), and the length of the side of each cell is 1. Gildo... |
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Write a program which reads an integer n and identifies the number of combinations of a, b, c and d (0 ≤ a, b, c, d ≤ 9) which meet the following equality:
a + b + c + d = n
For example, for n = 35, we have 4 different combinations of (a, b, c, d): (8... |
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Jamie is preparing a Codeforces round. He has got an idea for a problem, but does not know how to solve it. Help him write a solution to the following problem:
Find k integers such that the sum of two to the power of each number equals to the number n ... |
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The committee members of the Kitoshima programming contest had decided to use crypto-graphic software for their secret communication. They had asked a company, Kodai Software, to develop cryptographic software that employed a cipher based on highly soph... |
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A penguin Rocher has $n$ sticks. He has exactly one stick with length $i$ for all $1 \le i \le n$.
He can connect some sticks. If he connects two sticks that have lengths $a$ and $b$, he gets one stick with length $a + b$. Two sticks, that were used in... |
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Find the longest substring in alphabetical order.
Example: the longest alphabetical substring in `"asdfaaaabbbbcttavvfffffdf"` is `"aaaabbbbctt"`.
There are tests with strings up to `10 000` characters long so your code will need to be efficient.
The... |
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Pak Chanek has a grid that has $N$ rows and $M$ columns. Each row is numbered from $1$ to $N$ from top to bottom. Each column is numbered from $1$ to $M$ from left to right.
Each tile in the grid contains a number. The numbers are arranged as follows:
... |
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A brave princess in a poor country's tomboy is married to another country for a political marriage. However, a villain who is trying to kill the princess is releasing a thug on the way to his wife.
You have already decided on a safe route to safely del... |
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Ivan unexpectedly saw a present from one of his previous birthdays. It is array of n numbers from 1 to 200. Array is old and some numbers are hard to read. Ivan remembers that for all elements at least one of its neighbours ls not less than it, more for... |
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Dreamoon likes sequences very much. So he created a problem about the sequence that you can't find in OEIS:
You are given two integers $d, m$, find the number of arrays $a$, satisfying the following constraints: The length of $a$ is $n$, $n \ge 1$ $... |
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Hamming distance between strings a and b of equal length (denoted by h(a, b)) is equal to the number of distinct integers i (1 ≤ i ≤ |a|), such that ai ≠ bi, where ai is the i-th symbol of string a, bi is the i-th symbol of string b. For example, the Ha... |
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Little girl Margarita is a big fan of competitive programming. She especially loves problems about arrays and queries on them.
Recently, she was presented with an array $a$ of the size of $10^9$ elements that is filled as follows: $a_1 = -1$ $a_2 = ... |
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We have A apples and P pieces of apple.
We can cut an apple into three pieces of apple, and make one apple pie by simmering two pieces of apple in a pan.
Find the maximum number of apple pies we can make with what we have now.
-----Constraints-----
- ... |
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We want to encode a given string $S$ to a binary string. Each alphabet character in $S$ should be mapped to a different variable-length code and the code must not be a prefix of others.
Huffman coding is known as one of ways to obtain a code table for ... |
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Most football fans love it for the goals and excitement. Well, this Kata doesn't.
You are to handle the referee's little notebook and count the players who were sent off for fouls and misbehavior.
The rules:
Two teams, named "A" and "B" have 11 players... |
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There are three horses living in a horse land: one gray, one white and one gray-and-white. The horses are really amusing animals, which is why they adore special cards. Each of those cards must contain two integers, the first one on top, the second one ... |
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Petya organized a strange birthday party. He invited $n$ friends and assigned an integer $k_i$ to the $i$-th of them. Now Petya would like to give a present to each of them. In the nearby shop there are $m$ unique presents available, the $j$-th present ... |
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This is an interactive problem.
Imur Ishakov decided to organize a club for people who love to play the famous game «The hat». The club was visited by n students, where n is even. Imur arranged them all in a circle and held a draw to break the students... |
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This is a spin off of my first [kata](http://www.codewars.com/kata/56bc28ad5bdaeb48760009b0). You are given a list of character sequences as a comma separated string. Write a function which returns another string containing all the character sequences e... |
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E: Jam
problem
There are N cities in a country, numbered 1, \ 2, \ ..., \ N. These cities are connected in both directions by M roads, and the i-th road allows you to travel between the cities u_i and v_i in time t_i. Also, any two cities can be reach... |
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
Remainder of Big Integers
Given two integers $A$ and $B$, compute the remainder of $\frac{A}{B}$.
Input
Two integers $A$ and $B$ separated by a space character are given in a line.
Output
Print the remainder in a line.
Constraints
* $0 \leq A, B ... |
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A triangle is called an equable triangle if its area equals its perimeter. Return `true`, if it is an equable triangle, else return `false`. You will be provided with the length of sides of the triangle. Happy Coding!
Write your solution by modifying t... |
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
Polycarp has an array $a$ consisting of $n$ integers.
He wants to play a game with this array. The game consists of several moves. On the first move he chooses any element and deletes it (after the first move the array contains $n-1$ elements). For eac... |
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
Today s kilometer long auto race takes place in Berland. The track is represented by a straight line as long as s kilometers. There are n cars taking part in the race, all of them start simultaneously at the very beginning of the track. For every car is... |
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
You all know the Dirichlet principle, the point of which is that if n boxes have no less than n + 1 items, that leads to the existence of a box in which there are at least two items.
Having heard of that principle, but having not mastered the technique... |
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