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Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. A prime number is a natural number which has exactly two distinct natural number divisors: 1 and itself. For example, the first four prime numbers are: 2, 3, 5 and 7. Write a program which reads a list of N integers and prints the number of prime numbe...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Draw a chessboard which has a height of H cm and a width of W cm. For example, the following figure shows a chessboard which has a height of 6 cm and a width of 10 cm. .#.#.#.#. .#.#.#.#.# .#.#.#.#. .#.#.#.#.# .#.#.#.#. .#.#.#.#.# Note that the top ...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Vasya has a sequence a consisting of n integers a_1, a_2, ..., a_n. Vasya may pefrom the following operation: choose some number from the sequence and swap any pair of bits in its binary representation. For example, Vasya can transform number 6 (... 000...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. You are playing a strange game with Li Chen. You have a tree with n nodes drawn on a piece of paper. All nodes are unlabeled and distinguishable. Each of you independently labeled the vertices from 1 to n. Neither of you know the other's labelling of th...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Hasan loves playing games and has recently discovered a game called TopScore. In this soccer-like game there are p players doing penalty shoot-outs. Winner is the one who scores the most. In case of ties, one of the top-scorers will be declared as the w...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Polycarp has an array a consisting of n integers. He wants to play a game with this array. The game consists of several moves. On the first move he chooses any element and deletes it (after the first move the array contains n-1 elements). For each of t...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. You are given a huge decimal number consisting of n digits. It is guaranteed that this number has no leading zeros. Each digit of this number is either 0 or 1. You may perform several (possibly zero) operations with this number. During each operation y...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. You have a string s β€” a sequence of commands for your toy robot. The robot is placed in some cell of a rectangular grid. He can perform four commands: * 'W' β€” move one cell up; * 'S' β€” move one cell down; * 'A' β€” move one cell left; * 'D' β€” ...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. The football season has just ended in Berland. According to the rules of Berland football, each match is played between two teams. The result of each match is either a draw, or a victory of one of the playing teams. If a team wins the match, it gets w p...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. So the Beautiful Regional Contest (BeRC) has come to an end! n students took part in the contest. The final standings are already known: the participant in the i-th place solved p_i problems. Since the participants are primarily sorted by the number of ...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Today, Osama gave Fadi an integer X, and Fadi was wondering about the minimum possible value of max(a, b) such that LCM(a, b) equals X. Both a and b should be positive integers. LCM(a, b) is the smallest positive integer that is divisible by both a and...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Gildong was hiking a mountain, walking by millions of trees. Inspired by them, he suddenly came up with an interesting idea for trees in data structures: What if we add another edge in a tree? Then he found that such tree-like graphs are called 1-trees...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Lee tried so hard to make a good div.2 D problem to balance his recent contest, but it still doesn't feel good at all. Lee invented it so tediously slow that he managed to develop a phobia about div.2 D problem setting instead. And now he is hiding behi...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. A permutation of length n is an array consisting of n distinct integers from 1 to n in arbitrary order. For example, [2,3,1,5,4] is a permutation, but [1,2,2] is not a permutation (2 appears twice in the array) and [1,3,4] is also not a permutation (n=3...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Consider an infinite triangle made up of layers. Let's number the layers, starting from one, from the top of the triangle (from top to bottom). The k-th layer of the triangle contains k points, numbered from left to right. Each point of an infinite tria...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. One day Polycarpus stopped by a supermarket on his way home. It turns out that the supermarket is having a special offer for stools. The offer is as follows: if a customer's shopping cart contains at least one stool, the customer gets a 50% discount on ...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Everything got unclear to us in a far away constellation Tau Ceti. Specifically, the Taucetians choose names to their children in a very peculiar manner. Two young parents abac and bbad think what name to give to their first-born child. They decided th...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Two players play the following game. Initially, the players have a knife and a rectangular sheet of paper, divided into equal square grid cells of unit size. The players make moves in turn, the player who can't make a move loses. In one move, a player c...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Two little greedy bears have found two pieces of cheese in the forest of weight a and b grams, correspondingly. The bears are so greedy that they are ready to fight for the larger piece. That's where the fox comes in and starts the dialog: "Little bears...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. A monster is attacking the Cyberland! Master Yang, a braver, is going to beat the monster. Yang and the monster each have 3 attributes: hitpoints (HP), offensive power (ATK) and defensive power (DEF). During the battle, every second the monster's HP d...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Today on a lecture about strings Gerald learned a new definition of string equivalency. Two strings a and b of equal length are called equivalent in one of the two cases: 1. They are equal. 2. If we split string a into two halves of the same size...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. In the game Lizard Era: Beginning the protagonist will travel with three companions: Lynn, Meliana and Worrigan. Overall the game has n mandatory quests. To perform each of them, you need to take exactly two companions. The attitude of each of the comp...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Emily's birthday is next week and Jack has decided to buy a present for her. He knows she loves books so he goes to the local bookshop, where there are n books on sale from one of m genres. In the bookshop, Jack decides to buy two books of different ge...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. The HR manager was disappointed again. The last applicant failed the interview the same way as 24 previous ones. "Do I give such a hard task?" β€” the HR manager thought. "Just raise number 5 to the power of n and get last two digits of the number. Yes, o...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. You are given a complete undirected graph. For each pair of vertices you are given the length of the edge that connects them. Find the shortest paths between each pair of vertices in the graph and return the length of the longest of them. Input The fi...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. You are given a functional graph. It is a directed graph, in which from each vertex goes exactly one arc. The vertices are numerated from 0 to n - 1. Graph is given as the array f0, f1, ..., fn - 1, where fi β€” the number of vertex to which goes the onl...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. You already know that Valery's favorite sport is biathlon. Due to your help, he learned to shoot without missing, and his skills are unmatched at the shooting range. But now a smaller task is to be performed, he should learn to complete the path fastest...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. A substring of some string is called the most frequent, if the number of its occurrences is not less than number of occurrences of any other substring. You are given a set of strings. A string (not necessarily from this set) is called good if all eleme...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. You are given a set of points on a straight line. Each point has a color assigned to it. For point a, its neighbors are the points which don't have any other points between them and a. Each point has at most two neighbors - one from the left and one fro...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Two friends are on the coordinate axis Ox in points with integer coordinates. One of them is in the point x1 = a, another one is in the point x2 = b. Each of the friends can move by one along the line in any direction unlimited number of times. When a...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. You are given a chessboard of size 1 Γ— n. It is guaranteed that n is even. The chessboard is painted like this: "BWBW...BW". Some cells of the board are occupied by the chess pieces. Each cell contains no more than one chess piece. It is known that the...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Chandan gave his son a cube with side N. The N X N X N cube is made up of small 1 X 1 X 1 cubes. Chandan's son is extremely notorious just like him. So he dropped the cube inside a tank filled with Coke. The cube got totally immersed in that tank. His...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Leonard has decided to quit living with Dr. Sheldon Cooper and has started to live with Penny. Yes, you read it right. (And you read it here for the first time!) He is fed up of Sheldon, after all. Since, Sheldon no more has Leonard to drive him all aro...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. You are given a square matrix of size n (it will be an odd integer). Rows are indexed 0 to n-1 from top to bottom and columns are indexed 0 to n-1 form left to right. Matrix consists of only '*' and '.'. '*' appears only once in the matrix while all oth...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. We have N integers. The i-th number is A_i. \\{A_i\\} is said to be pairwise coprime when GCD(A_i,A_j)=1 holds for every pair (i, j) such that 1\leq i < j \leq N. \\{A_i\\} is said to be setwise coprime when \\{A_i\\} is not pairwise coprime but GCD(A...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Print the circumference of a circle of radius R. Constraints * 1 \leq R \leq 100 * All values in input are integers. Input Input is given from Standard Input in the following format: R Output Print the circumference of the circle. Your output i...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. We have a tree with N vertices. The i-th edge connects Vertex A_i and B_i bidirectionally. Takahashi is standing at Vertex u, and Aoki is standing at Vertex v. Now, they will play a game of tag as follows: * 1. If Takahashi and Aoki are standing at t...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. You are given a sequence of length N: A_1, A_2, ..., A_N. For each integer i between 1 and N (inclusive), answer the following question: * Find the maximum value among the N-1 elements other than A_i in the sequence. Constraints * 2 \leq N \leq 20000...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. There are N cubes stacked vertically on a desk. You are given a string S of length N. The color of the i-th cube from the bottom is red if the i-th character in S is `0`, and blue if that character is `1`. You can perform the following operation any n...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. An elementary school student Takahashi has come to a variety store. He has two coins, A-yen and B-yen coins (yen is the currency of Japan), and wants to buy a toy that costs C yen. Can he buy it? Note that he lives in Takahashi Kingdom, and may have c...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Takahashi is locked within a building. This building consists of HΓ—W rooms, arranged in H rows and W columns. We will denote the room at the i-th row and j-th column as (i,j). The state of this room is represented by a character A_{i,j}. If A_{i,j}= `#...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. You are given a string S consisting of letters `b`, `d`, `p` and `q`. Determine whether S is a mirror string. Here, a mirror string is a string S such that the following sequence of operations on S results in the same string S: 1. Reverse the order of...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Snuke is conducting an optical experiment using mirrors and his new invention, the rifle of Mysterious Light. Three mirrors of length N are set so that they form an equilateral triangle. Let the vertices of the triangle be a, b and c. Inside the trian...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. One day, Taro received a strange email with only the number "519345213244" in the text. The email was from my cousin, who was 10 years older than me, so when I called and asked, "Oh, I sent it with a pocket bell because I was in a hurry. It's convenient...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. problem You are looking for a constellation in a picture of the starry sky. The photo always contains exactly one figure with the same shape, orientation, and size as the constellation you are looking for. However, there is a possibility that extra sta...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Let us consider sets of positive integers less than or equal to n. Note that all elements of a set are different. Also note that the order of elements doesn't matter, that is, both {3, 5, 9} and {5, 9, 3} mean the same set. Specifying the number of set...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Differential pulse code modulation is one of the compression methods mainly used when compressing audio signals. The audio signal is treated as an integer sequence (impulse sequence) on the computer. The integer sequence is a sample of the input signal...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. problem AOR Ika is studying to pass the test. AOR Ika-chan solved the $ N $ question. After that, round the solved problem according to the following procedure. 1. Check the correctness of the answer. 2. If the answer is correct, write a circle mark,...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Find the sum of the weights of edges of the Minimum-Cost Arborescence with the root r for a given weighted directed graph G = (V, E). Constraints * 1 ≀ |V| ≀ 100 * 0 ≀ |E| ≀ 1,000 * 0 ≀ wi ≀ 10,000 * G has arborescence(s) with the root r Input |V| ...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Computation of the date either previous or forthcoming dates is quiet easy. But it is quiet difficult to calculate the day from a particular given date. You are required to find a day from a particular date given to you. Input It consists of a single...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Polycarp has n coins, the value of the i-th coin is a_i. It is guaranteed that all the values are integer powers of 2 (i.e. a_i = 2^d for some non-negative integer number d). Polycarp wants to know answers on q queries. The j-th query is described as i...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Integer factorisation is hard. The RSA Factoring Challenge offered $100 000 for factoring RSA-1024, a 1024-bit long product of two prime numbers. To this date, nobody was able to claim the prize. We want you to factorise a 1024-bit number. Since your p...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Grigory has n magic stones, conveniently numbered from 1 to n. The charge of the i-th stone is equal to c_i. Sometimes Grigory gets bored and selects some inner stone (that is, some stone with index i, where 2 ≀ i ≀ n - 1), and after that synchronizes ...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. You have a string s of length n consisting of only characters > and <. You may do some operations with this string, for each operation you have to choose some character that still remains in the string. If you choose a character >, the character that co...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. You are given a graph with 3 β‹… n vertices and m edges. You are to find a matching of n edges, or an independent set of n vertices. A set of edges is called a matching if no two edges share an endpoint. A set of vertices is called an independent set if...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. There were n types of swords in the theater basement which had been used during the plays. Moreover there were exactly x swords of each type. y people have broken into the theater basement and each of them has taken exactly z swords of some single type....
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Your friend Jeff Zebos has been trying to run his new online company, but it's not going very well. He's not getting a lot of sales on his website which he decided to call Azamon. His big problem, you think, is that he's not ranking high enough on the s...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Ehab has an array a of length n. He has just enough free time to make a new array consisting of n copies of the old array, written back-to-back. What will be the length of the new array's longest increasing subsequence? A sequence a is a subsequence of...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Hilbert's Hotel is a very unusual hotel since the number of rooms is infinite! In fact, there is exactly one room for every integer, including zero and negative integers. Even stranger, the hotel is currently at full capacity, meaning there is exactly o...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Polycarp plays a well-known computer game (we won't mention its name). In this game, he can craft tools of two types β€” shovels and swords. To craft a shovel, Polycarp spends two sticks and one diamond; to craft a sword, Polycarp spends two diamonds and ...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Utkarsh is forced to play yet another one of Ashish's games. The game progresses turn by turn and as usual, Ashish moves first. Consider the 2D plane. There is a token which is initially at (0,0). In one move a player must increase either the x coordin...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Polycarp often uses his smartphone. He has already installed n applications on it. Application with number i takes up a_i units of memory. Polycarp wants to free at least m units of memory (by removing some applications). Of course, some applications ...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Vasya is a CEO of a big construction company. And as any other big boss he has a spacious, richly furnished office with two crystal chandeliers. To stay motivated Vasya needs the color of light at his office to change every day. That's why he ordered bo...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. There are n armchairs, numbered from 1 to n from left to right. Some armchairs are occupied by people (at most one person per armchair), others are not. The number of occupied armchairs is not greater than n/2. For some reason, you would like to tell p...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson played some game on a checkered board n Γ— n in size. During the game they put numbers on the board's squares by some tricky rules we don't know. However, the game is now over and each square of the board contains exactly o...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. The Smart Beaver from ABBYY began to develop a new educational game for children. The rules of the game are fairly simple and are described below. The playing field is a sequence of n non-negative integers ai numbered from 1 to n. The goal of the game ...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. One foggy Stockholm morning, Karlsson decided to snack on some jam in his friend Lillebror Svantenson's house. Fortunately for Karlsson, there wasn't anybody in his friend's house. Karlsson was not going to be hungry any longer, so he decided to get som...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Dima got into number sequences. Now he's got sequence a1, a2, ..., an, consisting of n positive integers. Also, Dima has got a function f(x), which can be defined with the following recurrence: * f(0) = 0; * f(2Β·x) = f(x); * f(2Β·x + 1) = f(x) +...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Mad scientist Mike has just finished constructing a new device to search for extraterrestrial intelligence! He was in such a hurry to launch it for the first time that he plugged in the power wires without giving it a proper glance and started experimen...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Dima and Inna love spending time together. The problem is, Seryozha isn't too enthusiastic to leave his room for some reason. But Dima and Inna love each other so much that they decided to get criminal... Dima constructed a trap graph. He shouted: "Hey...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. The blinds are known to consist of opaque horizontal stripes that can be rotated thus regulating the amount of light flowing in the room. There are n blind stripes with the width of 1 in the factory warehouse for blind production. The problem is that al...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. The Berland capital (as you very well know) contains n junctions, some pairs of which are connected by two-way roads. Unfortunately, the number of traffic jams in the capital has increased dramatically, that's why it was decided to build several new roa...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. You have two friends. You want to present each of them several positive integers. You want to present cnt1 numbers to the first friend and cnt2 numbers to the second friend. Moreover, you want all presented numbers to be distinct, that also means that n...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Amr loves Geometry. One day he came up with a very interesting problem. Amr has a circle of radius r and center in point (x, y). He wants the circle center to be in new position (x', y'). In one step Amr can put a pin to the border of the circle in a ...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Andrewid the Android is a galaxy-famous detective. He is now investigating the case of vandalism at the exhibition of contemporary art. The main exhibit is a construction of n matryoshka dolls that can be nested one into another. The matryoshka dolls a...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. The GCD table G of size n Γ— n for an array of positive integers a of length n is defined by formula <image> Let us remind you that the greatest common divisor (GCD) of two positive integers x and y is the greatest integer that is divisor of both x an...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Kevin Sun has just finished competing in Codeforces Round #334! The round was 120 minutes long and featured five problems with maximum point values of 500, 1000, 1500, 2000, and 2500, respectively. Despite the challenging tasks, Kevin was uncowed and bu...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Andrew and Jerry are playing a game with Harry as the scorekeeper. The game consists of three rounds. In each round, Andrew and Jerry draw randomly without replacement from a jar containing n balls, each labeled with a distinct positive integer. Without...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Vasya's telephone contains n photos. Photo number 1 is currently opened on the phone. It is allowed to move left and right to the adjacent photo by swiping finger over the screen. If you swipe left from the first photo, you reach photo n. Similarly, by ...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Vasya commutes by train every day. There are n train stations in the city, and at the i-th station it's possible to buy only tickets to stations from i + 1 to ai inclusive. No tickets are sold at the last station. Let ρi, j be the minimum number of tic...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Anastasia loves going for a walk in Central Uzhlyandian Park. But she became uninterested in simple walking, so she began to collect Uzhlyandian pebbles. At first, she decided to collect all the pebbles she could find in the park. She has only two pock...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. The year of 2012 is coming... According to an ancient choradrican legend in this very year, in 2012, Diablo and his brothers Mephisto and Baal will escape from hell, and innumerable hordes of demons will enslave the human world. But seven brave heroes ...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Two boys decided to compete in text typing on the site "Key races". During the competition, they have to type a text consisting of s characters. The first participant types one character in v1 milliseconds and has ping t1 milliseconds. The second partic...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Programmer Vasya is studying a new programming language &K*. The &K* language resembles the languages of the C family in its syntax. However, it is more powerful, which is why the rules of the actual C-like languages are unapplicable to it. To fully und...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Let's denote a function <image> You are given an array a consisting of n integers. You have to calculate the sum of d(ai, aj) over all pairs (i, j) such that 1 ≀ i ≀ j ≀ n. Input The first line contains one integer n (1 ≀ n ≀ 200000) β€” the number o...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Hexadecimal likes drawing. She has drawn many graphs already, both directed and not. Recently she has started to work on a still-life Β«interesting graph and applesΒ». An undirected graph is called interesting, if each of its vertices belongs to one cycle...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Strings can be efficiently stored as a data structure, to have efficient searching methods. A new startup is going to use this method, but they don't have much space. So they want to check beforehand how much memory will be required for their data. Fol...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Yesterday Oz heard a story about insect colony. The specialty of insects is that they splits sometimes i.e an insect of size A can split into two insects of positive integral sizes B and C such that A = B + C. Also sometimes they attack each other i.e. ...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Given is a positive integer N. How many tuples (A,B,C) of positive integers satisfy A \times B + C = N? Constraints * 2 \leq N \leq 10^6 * All values in input are integers. Input Input is given from Standard Input in the following format: N Outp...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. We have caught N sardines. The deliciousness and fragrantness of the i-th sardine is A_i and B_i, respectively. We will choose one or more of these sardines and put them into a cooler. However, two sardines on bad terms cannot be chosen at the same tim...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. There are N slimes standing on a number line. The i-th slime from the left is at position x_i. It is guaruanteed that 1 \leq x_1 < x_2 < \ldots < x_N \leq 10^{9}. Niwango will perform N-1 operations. The i-th operation consists of the following proced...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Takahashi has a string S of length N consisting of lowercase English letters. On this string, he will perform the following operation K times: * Let T be the string obtained by reversing S, and U be the string obtained by concatenating S and T in this ...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. There are N people numbered 1 to N. Each person wears a red hat or a blue hat. You are given a string s representing the colors of the people. Person i wears a red hat if s_i is `R`, and a blue hat if s_i is `B`. Determine if there are more people wea...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. There are some coins in the xy-plane. The positions of the coins are represented by a grid of characters with H rows and W columns. If the character at the i-th row and j-th column, s_{ij}, is `#`, there is one coin at point (i,j); if that character is ...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. "Pizza At", a fast food chain, offers three kinds of pizza: "A-pizza", "B-pizza" and "AB-pizza". A-pizza and B-pizza are completely different pizzas, and AB-pizza is one half of A-pizza and one half of B-pizza combined together. The prices of one A-pizz...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Snuke has a string S consisting of three kinds of letters: `a`, `b` and `c`. He has a phobia for palindromes, and wants to permute the characters in S so that S will not contain a palindrome of length 2 or more as a substring. Determine whether this is...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. It is only six months until Christmas, and AtCoDeer the reindeer is now planning his travel to deliver gifts. There are N houses along TopCoDeer street. The i-th house is located at coordinate a_i. He has decided to deliver gifts to all these houses. Fi...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. You are given a positive integer N. Find the number of the pairs of integers u and v (0≦u,v≦N) such that there exist two non-negative integers a and b satisfying a xor b=u and a+b=v. Here, xor denotes the bitwise exclusive OR. Since it can be extremely ...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Taro went to a toy store to buy a game of life made by Aizu Hobby. Life games are played using a board with squares and roulette. As shown in the figure, the board has one start point and one goal point, which are connected by a single grid. First, the ...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Dr. Asimov, a robotics researcher, released cleaning robots he developed (see Problem B). His robots soon became very popular and he got much income. Now he is pretty rich. Wonderful. First, he renovated his house. Once his house had 9 rooms that were ...