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Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. First-rate specialists graduate from Berland State Institute of Peace and Friendship. You are one of the most talented students in this university. The education is not easy because you need to have fundamental knowledge in different areas, which someti...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Memory is now interested in the de-evolution of objects, specifically triangles. He starts with an equilateral triangle of side length x, and he wishes to perform operations to obtain an equilateral triangle of side length y. In a single second, he can...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Very soon there will be a parade of victory over alien invaders in Berland. Unfortunately, all soldiers died in the war and now the army consists of entirely new recruits, many of whom do not even know from which leg they should begin to march. The civi...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. It's that time of the year, Felicity is around the corner and you can see people celebrating all around the Himalayan region. The Himalayan region has n gyms. The i-th gym has gi Pokemon in it. There are m distinct Pokemon types in the Himalayan region ...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Thanks to your help, Heidi is confident that no one can fool her. She has now decided to post some fake news on the HC2 Facebook page. However, she wants to be able to communicate to the HC2 committee that the post is fake, using some secret phrase hidd...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. You are given two strings s and t consisting of small Latin letters, string s can also contain '?' characters. Suitability of string s is calculated by following metric: Any two letters can be swapped positions, these operations can be performed arbi...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Wherever the destination is, whoever we meet, let's render this song together. On a Cartesian coordinate plane lies a rectangular stage of size w × h, represented by a rectangle with corners (0, 0), (w, 0), (w, h) and (0, h). It can be seen that no col...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. In the year of 30XX participants of some world programming championship live in a single large hotel. The hotel has n floors. Each floor has m sections with a single corridor connecting all of them. The sections are enumerated from 1 to m along the corr...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. You have a set of n distinct positive numbers. You also have m colors. Your colors are labeled from 1 to m. You're also given a list c with m distinct integers. You paint the numbers according to the following rules: For each i in order from 1 to m, pa...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Hansa is throwing a birthday party. Seeing the extravagant parties thrown by her friends in the past, Hansa too decided to do something unique. Being a Computer Engineer herself, she knew just how to do it. She sent password-protected e-invites to T of ...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Gazi is a very talented mathematician, recently he discovered the majestic power of the number '9' so he wants to play a game with you. He tells you to pick any real integer [from 10 to 10^200], then subtract sum of digits of this number from the number...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Little Shino is interested in the fighting tournaments. Once she went to watch one of the tournaments. There were N fighters and i^{th} fighter will be represented by i. Each fighter has some distinct strength. Rules of the tournament are: Each fight w...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Gandalf the Grey is in trouble as Saurons eye Rearrived in the middle world. Now he has to prepare for the war, But in order to defeat Sauron he has to know the power of saurons eye on the day in which he wants to attack. According...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. You are on a game show "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire".The host presents you "N" number of closed doors.There is huge prize behind one door while there are sumo wrestlers behind rest of the doors.Initially you are asked to choose a door.After that the h...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. 1000000000000001 dogs suddenly appeared under the roof of Roger's house, all of which he decided to keep. The dogs had been numbered 1 through 1000000000000001, but he gave them new names, as follows: * the dogs numbered 1,2,\cdots,26 were respectively...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. We have a bingo card with a 3\times3 grid. The square at the i-th row from the top and the j-th column from the left contains the number A_{i, j}. The MC will choose N numbers, b_1, b_2, \cdots, b_N. If our bingo sheet contains some of those numbers, w...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. You have decided to write a book introducing good restaurants. There are N restaurants that you want to introduce: Restaurant 1, Restaurant 2, ..., Restaurant N. Restaurant i is in city S_i, and your assessment score of that restaurant on a 100-point sc...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. How many hours do we have until New Year at M o'clock (24-hour notation) on 30th, December? Constraints * 1≤M≤23 * M is an integer. Input Input is given from Standard Input in the following format: M Output If we have x hours until New Year at ...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. The word `internationalization` is sometimes abbreviated to `i18n`. This comes from the fact that there are 18 letters between the first `i` and the last `n`. You are given a string s of length at least 3 consisting of lowercase English letters. Abbrev...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. AtCoDeer the deer recently bought three paint cans. The color of the one he bought two days ago is a, the color of the one he bought yesterday is b, and the color of the one he bought today is c. Here, the color of each paint can is represented by an in...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Let p (i) be the i-th prime number from the smallest. For example, 7 is the fourth prime number from the smallest, 2, 3, 5, 7, so p (4) = 7. Given n, the sum of p (i) from i = 1 to n s s = p (1) + p (2) + .... + p (n) Create a program that outputs. F...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Consider a tic-tac-toe on a 3x3 board. Tic-tac-toe is a two-player battle game. Decide the first attack and the second attack, one hits Kuroishi and one hits Shiraishi. The winner is the person who puts stones one by one on the board alternately and arr...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Ordinary Jigsaw puzzles are solved with visual hints; players solve a puzzle with the picture which the puzzle shows on finish, and the diverse patterns of pieces. Such Jigsaw puzzles may be suitable for human players, because they require abilities of ...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Emergency Evacuation The Japanese government plans to increase the number of inbound tourists to forty million in the year 2020, and sixty million in 2030. Not only increasing touristic appeal but also developing tourism infrastructure further is indis...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Almost Identical Programs The programming contest named Concours de Programmation Comtemporaine Interuniversitaire (CPCI) has a judging system similar to that of ICPC; contestants have to submit correct outputs for two different inputs to be accepted a...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Problem D: Legendary Sword * This problem contains a lot of two ingredients in the kitchen. Please be careful about heartburn. The Demon King, who has finally revived, is about to invade the human world to wrap the world in darkness again. The Demon ...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. FizzBuzz is a game in which integers of 1 or more are spoken in order according to the following rules. * "Fizz" when divisible by 3 * "Buzz" when divisible by 5 * "FizzBuzz" when divisible by both 3 and 5 * At other times, that number An exampl...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Problem Statement You want to compete in ICPC (Internet Contest of Point Collection). In this contest, we move around in $N$ websites, numbered $1$ through $N$, within a time limit and collect points as many as possible. We can start and end on any web...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. B: Pivots problem Given a permutation of length N, a_1, a_2, ..., a_N, which is a permutation of integers from 1 to N. Also, Q queries are given in order for this permutation. In the i-th query, you have to do the following: * The value q_i (1 \ leq ...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Recently, chef Ciel often hears about lucky numbers. Everybody knows that lucky numbers are positive integers whose decimal representation contains only the lucky digits 4 and 7. For example, numbers 47, 744, 4 are lucky and 5, 17, 467 are not. ...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. You are given an array of integers. Vasya can permute (change order) its integers. He wants to do it so that as many as possible integers will become on a place where a smaller integer used to stand. Help Vasya find the maximal number of such integers. ...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. You have a plate and you want to add some gilding to it. The plate is a rectangle that we split into w× h cells. There should be k gilded rings, the first one should go along the edge of the plate, the second one — 2 cells away from the edge and so on. ...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Masha lives in a multi-storey building, where floors are numbered with positive integers. Two floors are called adjacent if their numbers differ by one. Masha decided to visit Egor. Masha lives on the floor x, Egor on the floor y (not on the same floor ...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. You are given a string s consisting of n lowercase Latin letters. You have to remove at most one (i.e. zero or one) character of this string in such a way that the string you obtain will be lexicographically smallest among all strings that can be obtai...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Gennady owns a small hotel in the countryside where he lives a peaceful life. He loves to take long walks, watch sunsets and play cards with tourists staying in his hotel. His favorite game is called "Mau-Mau". To play Mau-Mau, you need a pack of 52 ca...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Tanya has n candies numbered from 1 to n. The i-th candy has the weight a_i. She plans to eat exactly n-1 candies and give the remaining candy to her dad. Tanya eats candies in order of increasing their numbers, exactly one candy per day. Your task is...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. We guessed some integer number x. You are given a list of almost all its divisors. Almost all means that there are all divisors except 1 and x in the list. Your task is to find the minimum possible integer x that can be the guessed number, or say that ...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. You are given a uppercase Latin letters 'A' and b letters 'B'. The period of the string is the smallest such positive integer k that s_i = s_{i~mod~k} (0-indexed) for each i. Note that this implies that k won't always divide a+b = |s|. For example, th...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Petya loves lucky numbers. Everybody knows that lucky numbers are positive integers whose decimal representation contains only the lucky digits 4 and 7. For example, numbers 47, 744, 4 are lucky and 5, 17, 467 are not. Petya has a number consisting of ...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. There are n chips arranged in a circle, numbered from 1 to n. Initially each chip has black or white color. Then k iterations occur. During each iteration the chips change their colors according to the following rules. For each chip i, three chips are...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Kuroni has n daughters. As gifts for them, he bought n necklaces and n bracelets: * the i-th necklace has a brightness a_i, where all the a_i are pairwise distinct (i.e. all a_i are different), * the i-th bracelet has a brightness b_i, where all t...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Drazil likes heap very much. So he created a problem with heap: There is a max heap with a height h implemented on the array. The details of this heap are the following: This heap contains exactly 2^h - 1 distinct positive non-zero integers. All integ...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Little Petya very much likes gifts. Recently he has received a new laptop as a New Year gift from his mother. He immediately decided to give it to somebody else as what can be more pleasant than giving somebody gifts. And on this occasion he organized a...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Lord Omkar has permitted you to enter the Holy Church of Omkar! To test your worthiness, Omkar gives you a password which you must interpret! A password is an array a of n positive integers. You apply the following operation to the array: pick any two ...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. You are given an array a consisting of n non-negative integers. You have to choose a non-negative integer x and form a new array b of size n according to the following rule: for all i from 1 to n, b_i = a_i ⊕ x (⊕ denotes the operation [bitwise XOR](htt...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. There is a bookshelf which can fit n books. The i-th position of bookshelf is a_i = 1 if there is a book on this position and a_i = 0 otherwise. It is guaranteed that there is at least one book on the bookshelf. In one move, you can choose some contigu...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. You are given two positive integer sequences a_1, …, a_n and b_1, …, b_m. For each j = 1, …, m find the greatest common divisor of a_1 + b_j, …, a_n + b_j. Input The first line contains two integers n and m (1 ≤ n, m ≤ 2 ⋅ 10^5). The second line cont...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. You were dreaming that you are traveling to a planet named Planetforces on your personal spaceship. Unfortunately, its piloting system was corrupted and now you need to fix it in order to reach Planetforces. <image> Space can be represented as the XY ...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Seiji Maki doesn't only like to observe relationships being unfolded, he also likes to observe sequences of numbers, especially permutations. Today, he has his eyes on almost sorted permutations. A permutation a_1, a_2, ..., a_n of 1, 2, ..., n is said...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. The Berland capital is shaken with three bold crimes committed by the Pihsters, a notorious criminal gang. The Berland capital's map is represented by an n × m rectangular table. Each cell of the table on the map represents some districts of the capita...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Little Elephant loves Furik and Rubik, who he met in a small city Kremenchug. The Little Elephant has two strings of equal length a and b, consisting only of uppercase English letters. The Little Elephant selects a pair of substrings of equal length — ...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Goa'uld Apophis captured Jack O'Neill's team again! Jack himself was able to escape, but by that time Apophis's ship had already jumped to hyperspace. But Jack knows on what planet will Apophis land. In order to save his friends, Jack must repeatedly go...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. The circle line of the Berland subway has n stations. We know the distances between all pairs of neighboring stations: * d1 is the distance between the 1-st and the 2-nd station; * d2 is the distance between the 2-nd and the 3-rd station; ... *...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. The Olympic Games in Bercouver are in full swing now. Here everyone has their own objectives: sportsmen compete for medals, and sport commentators compete for more convenient positions to give a running commentary. Today the main sport events take place...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Berland is going through tough times — the dirt price has dropped and that is a blow to the country's economy. Everybody knows that Berland is the top world dirt exporter! The President of Berland was forced to leave only k of the currently existing n ...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Chubby Yang is studying linear equations right now. He came up with a nice problem. In the problem you are given an n × n matrix W, consisting of integers, and you should find two n × n matrices A and B, all the following conditions must hold: * Aij...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Recently, Anton has found a set. The set consists of small English letters. Anton carefully wrote out all the letters from the set in one line, separated by a comma. He also added an opening curved bracket at the beginning of the line and a closing curv...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. In this problem your goal is to sort an array consisting of n integers in at most n swaps. For the given array find the sequence of swaps that makes the array sorted in the non-descending order. Swaps are performed consecutively, one after another. Not...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. A large banner with word CODEFORCES was ordered for the 1000-th onsite round of Codeforcesω that takes place on the Miami beach. Unfortunately, the company that made the banner mixed up two orders and delivered somebody else's banner that contains someo...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Connected undirected weighted graph without self-loops and multiple edges is given. Graph contains n vertices and m edges. For each edge (u, v) find the minimal possible weight of the spanning tree that contains the edge (u, v). The weight of the span...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. After a probationary period in the game development company of IT City Petya was included in a group of the programmers that develops a new turn-based strategy game resembling the well known "Heroes of Might & Magic". A part of the game is turn-based fi...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Limak and Radewoosh are going to compete against each other in the upcoming algorithmic contest. They are equally skilled but they won't solve problems in the same order. There will be n problems. The i-th problem has initial score pi and it takes exac...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. This is an interactive problem. In the output section below you will see the information about flushing the output. Bear Limak thinks of some hidden number — an integer from interval [2, 100]. Your task is to say if the hidden number is prime or compos...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Little Mishka is a great traveller and she visited many countries. After thinking about where to travel this time, she chose XXX — beautiful, but little-known northern country. Here are some interesting facts about XXX: 1. XXX consists of n cities, ...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. A new airplane SuperPuperJet has an infinite number of rows, numbered with positive integers starting with 1 from cockpit to tail. There are six seats in each row, denoted with letters from 'a' to 'f'. Seats 'a', 'b' and 'c' are located to the left of a...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. The process of mammoth's genome decoding in Berland comes to its end! One of the few remaining tasks is to restore unrecognized nucleotides in a found chain s. Each nucleotide is coded with a capital letter of English alphabet: 'A', 'C', 'G' or 'T'. Un...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. You are given N points on a plane. Write a program which will find the sum of squares of distances between all pairs of points. Input The first line of input contains one integer number N (1 ≤ N ≤ 100 000) — the number of points. Each of the following...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. On the way to school, Karen became fixated on the puzzle game on her phone! <image> The game is played as follows. In each level, you have a grid with n rows and m columns. Each cell originally contains the number 0. One move consists of choosing one...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Leha like all kinds of strange things. Recently he liked the function F(n, k). Consider all possible k-element subsets of the set [1, 2, ..., n]. For subset find minimal element in it. F(n, k) — mathematical expectation of the minimal element among all ...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Top-model Izabella participates in the competition. She wants to impress judges and show her mathematical skills. Her problem is following: for given string, consisting of only 0 and 1, tell if it's possible to remove some digits in such a way, that re...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. A group of university students wants to get to the top of a mountain to have a picnic there. For that they decided to use a cableway. A cableway is represented by some cablecars, hanged onto some cable stations by a cable. A cable is scrolled cyclicall...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. In Arcady's garden there grows a peculiar apple-tree that fruits one time per year. Its peculiarity can be explained in following way: there are n inflorescences, numbered from 1 to n. Inflorescence number 1 is situated near base of tree and any other i...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. There is unrest in the Galactic Senate. Several thousand solar systems have declared their intentions to leave the Republic. Master Heidi needs to select the Jedi Knights who will go on peacekeeping missions throughout the galaxy. It is well-known that ...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. You are going to the beach with the idea to build the greatest sand castle ever in your head! The beach is not as three-dimensional as you could have imagined, it can be decribed as a line of spots to pile up sand pillars. Spots are numbered 1 through i...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Abhinav and Manav both being one of the best coders of SVNIT went onto participate in ACM ICPC Regional Contest. Apparently Manav’s team the 3Horsemen stood ahead of Abhinav’s team akatsuki11 in the contest though both solved the same number of question...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. The hero of this story is a toddler named BooBoo. Inspired by the legendary competitive coder Gena, BooBoo has also started preparing to race to the top of the ranks. BooBoo is going to practice N different problems in the exact given order over the ne...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. You are given three numbers. Is there a way to replace variables A, B and C with these numbers so the equality A + B = C is correct? Input: There are three numbers X1, X2 and X3 (1 ≤ Xi ≤ 10^100), each on a separate line of input. Output: Output eit...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. See Russian Translation After a long term relationship, Anandi and Jagdish decided to marry. Anandi being a studious girl decided to complete her studies first. What next, she comes to ABC Public School. Her classes haven't even started yet and Jagdish...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Rhezo is the new manager of Specialist Cinema Hall. A new movie is being released this Friday and Rhezo wants people in the hall to be seated according to some rules. His rules are weird and he likes that no 2 people in a row sit together/adjacent. He a...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. You are given a rectangular grid with n rows and m columns. The rows are numbered 1 to n, from bottom to top, and the columns are numbered 1 to m, from left to right. You are also given k special fields in the form (row, column). For each i, where 0...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. An integer N is a multiple of 9 if and only if the sum of the digits in the decimal representation of N is a multiple of 9. Determine whether N is a multiple of 9. Constraints * 0 \leq N < 10^{200000} * N is an integer. Input Input is given from St...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. We have N+1 integers: 10^{100}, 10^{100}+1, ..., 10^{100}+N. We will choose K or more of these integers. Find the number of possible values of the sum of the chosen numbers, modulo (10^9+7). Constraints * 1 \leq N \leq 2\times 10^5 * 1 \leq K \leq N+...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. There are N people numbered 1 to N. Each of them is either an honest person whose testimonies are always correct or an unkind person whose testimonies may be correct or not. Person i gives A_i testimonies. The j-th testimony by Person i is represented ...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Let us define the oddness of a permutation p = {p_1,\ p_2,\ ...,\ p_n} of {1,\ 2,\ ...,\ n} as \sum_{i = 1}^n |i - p_i|. Find the number of permutations of {1,\ 2,\ ...,\ n} of oddness k, modulo 10^9+7. Constraints * All values in input are integers....
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Takahashi received otoshidama (New Year's money gifts) from N of his relatives. You are given N values x_1, x_2, ..., x_N and N strings u_1, u_2, ..., u_N as input. Each string u_i is either `JPY` or `BTC`, and x_i and u_i represent the content of the ...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. You are given an integer N. Construct any one N-by-N matrix a that satisfies the conditions below. It can be proved that a solution always exists under the constraints of this problem. * 1 \leq a_{i,j} \leq 10^{15} * a_{i,j} are pairwise distinct inte...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. You are given three integers, A, B and C. Among them, two are the same, but the remaining one is different from the rest. For example, when A=5,B=7,C=5, A and C are the same, but B is different. Find the one that is different from the rest among the giv...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Takahashi loves sorting. He has a permutation (p_1,p_2,...,p_N) of the integers from 1 through N. Now, he will repeat the following operation until the permutation becomes (1,2,...,N): * First, we will define high and low elements in the permutation, ...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Takahashi is drawing a segment on grid paper. From a certain square, a square that is x squares to the right and y squares above, is denoted as square (x, y). When Takahashi draws a segment connecting the lower left corner of square (A, B) and the low...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Snuke is having another barbeque party. This time, he will make one serving of Skewer Meal. He has a stock of N Skewer Meal Packs. The i-th Skewer Meal Pack contains one skewer, A_i pieces of beef and B_i pieces of green pepper. All skewers in these p...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. There are trains with 26 cars or less. Each vehicle has an identification code from lowercase a to z. No vehicle has the same symbol. However, the order in which the vehicles are connected is arbitrary. The conductor patrols the train. The conductor pat...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Consider a 32-bit real type with 7 bits from the right as the decimal part, the following 24 bits as the integer part, and the leftmost 1 bit as the sign part as shown below (b1, ..., b32). Represents 0 or 1). <image> To translate this format into a ...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. problem Play by arranging white and black stones on the table. First, place the stones on the left edge of the table. Then place the stones in the second place from the left. Repeat this n times to arrange n stones in a horizontal row. However, when pl...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Mr. Dango's family has extremely huge number of members. Once it had about 100 members, and now it has as many as population of a city. It is jokingly guessed that the member might fill this planet in near future. They all have warm and gracious persona...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. We have an analog clock whose three hands (the second hand, the minute hand and the hour hand) rotate quite smoothly. You can measure two angles between the second hand and two other hands. Write a program to find the time at which "No two hands overla...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Problem Given the string S, which consists of lowercase letters and numbers. Follow the steps below to compress the length of string S. 1. Change the order of the characters in the character string to any order. Example: "0ig3he12fz99"-> "efghiz012399...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. ACM countries have rivers that flow from east to west in the center. This river flows from the neighboring country in the west through the neighboring country in ACM to the neighboring country in the east, and the total length in ACM is K km. It is plan...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. problem Dimension exists from $ 1 $ dimension to $ N $ dimension. AOR Ika can move between dimensions. Specifically, when AOR Ika is in the $ i $ dimension, she can move freely to the $ j $ dimension ($ i> j $), but in the $ k $ dimension ($ i <k $). Y...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. A direced graph is strongly connected if every two nodes are reachable from each other. In a strongly connected component of a directed graph, every two nodes of the component are mutually reachable. Constraints * 1 ≤ |V| ≤ 10,000 * 0 ≤ |E| ≤ 30,000 *...
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block. Pavel made a photo of his favourite stars in the sky. His camera takes a photo of all points of the sky that belong to some rectangle with sides parallel to the coordinate axes. Strictly speaking, it makes a photo of all points with coordinates (x, y),...