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A correct expression of the form a+b=c was written; a, b and c are non-negative integers without leading zeros. In this expression, the plus and equally signs were lost. The task is to restore the expression. In other words, one character '+' and one ch... |
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A newspaper is published in Walrusland. Its heading is s1, it consists of lowercase Latin letters. Fangy the little walrus wants to buy several such newspapers, cut out their headings, glue them one to another in order to get one big string. After that ... |
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Ghosts live in harmony and peace, they travel the space without any purpose other than scare whoever stands in their way.
There are n ghosts in the universe, they move in the OXY plane, each one of them has its own velocity that does not change in time... |
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For a vector \vec{v} = (x, y), define |v| = β{x^2 + y^2}.
Allen had a bit too much to drink at the bar, which is at the origin. There are n vectors \vec{v_1}, \vec{v_2}, β
β
β
, \vec{v_n}. Allen will make n moves. As Allen's sense of direction is impaired... |
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Bajirao's city has N X N police stations P(i,j) (1 β€ i β€ N, 1 β€ j β€ N) arranged in an N X N square matrix format. Bajirao is a really hardworking police officer and wants to solve all the pending cases of all the police stations in his city. However, th... |
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Description:
Name string is a string consisting of letters "R","K" and "V". Today Oz wants to design a name string in a beautiful manner. Actually Oz cannot insert these three letters arbitrary anywhere ,he has to follow some rules to make the name stri... |
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Fatal Eagle has finally teamed up with Arjit to take on this weird army of zombies and vampires. And they are coming up with strategies to beat these guys on a roll. The simple thing they figured out is that these creatures attack everything by the meth... |
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Given is a number sequence A of length N.
Find the number of integers i \left(1 \leq i \leq N\right) with the following property:
* For every integer j \left(1 \leq j \leq N\right) such that i \neq j , A_j does not divide A_i.
Constraints
* All valu... |
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You are an immigration officer in the Kingdom of AtCoder. The document carried by an immigrant has some number of integers written on it, and you need to check whether they meet certain criteria.
According to the regulation, the immigrant should be all... |
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You have a digit sequence S of length 4. You are wondering which of the following formats S is in:
* YYMM format: the last two digits of the year and the two-digit representation of the month (example: `01` for January), concatenated in this order
* MM... |
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There is a grid with H horizontal rows and W vertical columns. Let (i, j) denote the square at the i-th row from the top and the j-th column from the left.
In the grid, N Squares (r_1, c_1), (r_2, c_2), \ldots, (r_N, c_N) are wall squares, and the othe... |
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Takahashi has two positive integers A and B.
It is known that A plus B equals N. Find the minimum possible value of "the sum of the digits of A" plus "the sum of the digits of B" (in base 10).
Constraints
* 2 β€ N β€ 10^5
* N is an integer.
Input
Inp... |
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A robot is put at the origin in a two-dimensional plane. Initially, the robot is facing in the positive x-axis direction.
This robot will be given an instruction sequence s. s consists of the following two kinds of letters, and will be executed in orde... |
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There are N boxes arranged in a circle. The i-th box contains A_i stones.
Determine whether it is possible to remove all the stones from the boxes by repeatedly performing the following operation:
* Select one box. Let the box be the i-th box. Then, f... |
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There is data that records the customer number of the business partner and the trading date on a monthly basis. Please create a program that reads this month's data and last month's data and outputs the customer number of the company with which you have... |
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The greatest common divisor is an indispensable element in mathematics handled on a computer. Using the greatest common divisor can make a big difference in the efficiency of the calculation. One of the algorithms to find the greatest common divisor is ... |
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There is a rectangular room, covered with square tiles. Each tile is colored either red or black. A man is standing on a black tile. From a tile, he can move to one of four adjacent tiles. But he can't move on red tiles, he can move only on black tiles.... |
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Training is indispensable for achieving good results at ICPC. Rabbit wants to win at ICPC, so he decided to practice today as well.
Today's training is to gain the power of business by running around the city and conducting trade.
I want to earn as mu... |
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You are playing a game called Guru Guru Gururin. In this game, you can move with the vehicle called Gururin. There are two commands you can give to Gururin: 'R' and 'L'. When 'R' is sent, Gururin rotates clockwise by 90 degrees. Otherwise, when 'L' is s... |
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A priority queue is a data structure which maintains a set $S$ of elements, each of with an associated value (key), and supports the following operations:
* $insert(S, k)$: insert an element $k$ into the set $S$
* $extractMax(S)$: remove and return the... |
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Queue is a container of elements that are inserted and deleted according to FIFO (First In First Out).
For $n$ queues $Q_i$ ($i = 0, 1, ..., n-1$), perform a sequence of the following operations.
* enqueue($t$, $x$): Insert an integer $x$ to $Q_t$.
* ... |
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There are n rectangles in a row. You can either turn each rectangle by 90 degrees or leave it as it is. If you turn a rectangle, its width will be height, and its height will be width. Notice that you can turn any number of rectangles, you also can turn... |
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All bus tickets in Berland have their numbers. A number consists of n digits (n is even). Only k decimal digits d_1, d_2, ..., d_k can be used to form ticket numbers. If 0 is among these digits, then numbers may have leading zeroes. For example, if n = ... |
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Polycarp wants to cook a soup. To do it, he needs to buy exactly n liters of water.
There are only two types of water bottles in the nearby shop β 1-liter bottles and 2-liter bottles. There are infinitely many bottles of these two types in the shop.
T... |
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You are given an array a consisting of n integers. You can perform the following operations arbitrary number of times (possibly, zero):
1. Choose a pair of indices (i, j) such that |i-j|=1 (indices i and j are adjacent) and set a_i := a_i + |a_i - a_... |
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Let's call (yet again) a string good if its length is even, and every character in odd position of this string is different from the next character (the first character is different from the second, the third is different from the fourth, and so on). Fo... |
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The Cybermen solved that first test much quicker than the Daleks. Luckily for us, the Daleks were angry (shocking!) and they destroyed some of the Cybermen.
After the fighting stopped, Heidi gave them another task to waste their time on.
There are n p... |
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You are given a string t and n strings s_1, s_2, ..., s_n. All strings consist of lowercase Latin letters.
Let f(t, s) be the number of occurences of string s in string t. For example, f('aaabacaa', 'aa') = 3, and f('ababa', 'aba') = 2.
Calculate the ... |
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You are given a sequence a_1, a_2, ..., a_n consisting of n integers.
You may perform the following operation on this sequence: choose any element and either increase or decrease it by one.
Calculate the minimum possible difference between the maximum... |
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There are n segments on a Ox axis [l_1, r_1], [l_2, r_2], ..., [l_n, r_n]. Segment [l, r] covers all points from l to r inclusive, so all x such that l β€ x β€ r.
Segments can be placed arbitrarily β be inside each other, coincide and so on. Segments can... |
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Dreamoon likes sequences very much. So he created a problem about the sequence that you can't find in OEIS:
You are given two integers d, m, find the number of arrays a, satisfying the following constraints:
* The length of a is n, n β₯ 1
* 1 β€ a... |
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Slime has a sequence of positive integers a_1, a_2, β¦, a_n.
In one operation Orac can choose an arbitrary subsegment [l β¦ r] of this sequence and replace all values a_l, a_{l + 1}, β¦, a_r to the value of median of \\{a_l, a_{l + 1}, β¦, a_r\}.
In this ... |
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Lee is used to finish his stories in a stylish way, this time he barely failed it, but Ice Bear came and helped him. Lee is so grateful for it, so he decided to show Ice Bear his new game called "Critic"...
The game is a one versus one game. It has t r... |
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You have a simple and connected undirected graph consisting of n nodes and m edges.
Consider any way to pair some subset of these n nodes such that no node is present in more than one pair.
This pairing is valid if for every pair of pairs, the induce... |
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There is a building consisting of 10~000 apartments numbered from 1 to 10~000, inclusive.
Call an apartment boring, if its number consists of the same digit. Examples of boring apartments are 11, 2, 777, 9999 and so on.
Our character is a troublemaker... |
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The great hero guards the country where Homer lives. The hero has attack power A and initial health value B. There are n monsters in front of the hero. The i-th monster has attack power a_i and initial health value b_i.
The hero or a monster is said t... |
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Little Dormi received a histogram with n bars of height a_1, a_2, β¦, a_n for Christmas. However, the more he played with his new histogram, the more he realized its imperfections, so today he wanted to modify it to his liking.
To modify the histogram, ... |
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Students of group 199 have written their lectures dismally. Now an exam on Mathematical Analysis is approaching and something has to be done asap (that is, quickly). Let's number the students of the group from 1 to n. Each student i (1 β€ i β€ n) has a be... |
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The Little Elephant loves to play with color cards.
He has n cards, each has exactly two colors (the color of the front side and the color of the back side). Initially, all the cards lay on the table with the front side up. In one move the Little Eleph... |
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Little Petya likes permutations a lot. Recently his mom has presented him permutation q1, q2, ..., qn of length n.
A permutation a of length n is a sequence of integers a1, a2, ..., an (1 β€ ai β€ n), all integers there are distinct.
There is only one ... |
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There is a square matrix n Γ n, consisting of non-negative integer numbers. You should find such a way on it that
* starts in the upper left cell of the matrix;
* each following cell is to the right or down from the current cell;
* the way end... |
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Daniel is organizing a football tournament. He has come up with the following tournament format:
1. In the first several (possibly zero) stages, while the number of teams is even, they split in pairs and play one game for each pair. At each stage th... |
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There is a system of n vessels arranged one above the other as shown in the figure below. Assume that the vessels are numbered from 1 to n, in the order from the highest to the lowest, the volume of the i-th vessel is ai liters.
<image>
Initially, all... |
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Alice likes word "nineteen" very much. She has a string s and wants the string to contain as many such words as possible. For that reason she can rearrange the letters of the string.
For example, if she has string "xiineteenppnnnewtnee", she can get st... |
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Sergey is testing a next-generation processor. Instead of bytes the processor works with memory cells consisting of n bits. These bits are numbered from 1 to n. An integer is stored in the cell in the following way: the least significant bit is stored i... |
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Nura wants to buy k gadgets. She has only s burles for that. She can buy each gadget for dollars or for pounds. So each gadget is selling only for some type of currency. The type of currency and the cost in that currency are not changing.
Nura can buy ... |
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The numbers of all offices in the new building of the Tax Office of IT City will have lucky numbers.
Lucky number is a number that consists of digits 7 and 8 only. Find the maximum number of offices in the new building of the Tax Office given that a do... |
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A simple recommendation system would recommend a user things liked by a certain number of their friends. In this problem you will implement part of such a system.
You are given user's friends' opinions about a list of items. You are also given a thresh... |
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There are n cities in Bearland, numbered 1 through n. Cities are arranged in one long row. The distance between cities i and j is equal to |i - j|.
Limak is a police officer. He lives in a city a. His job is to catch criminals. It's hard because he doe... |
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Mishka is a little polar bear. As known, little bears loves spending their free time playing dice for chocolates. Once in a wonderful sunny morning, walking around blocks of ice, Mishka met her friend Chris, and they started playing the game.
Rules of ... |
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In a new version of the famous Pinball game, one of the most important parts of the game field is a sequence of n bumpers. The bumpers are numbered with integers from 1 to n from left to right. There are two types of bumpers. They are denoted by the cha... |
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Bitwise exclusive OR (or bitwise addition modulo two) is a binary operation which is equivalent to applying logical exclusive OR to every pair of bits located on the same positions in binary notation of operands. In other words, a binary digit of the re... |
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A robber has attempted to rob a bank but failed to complete his task. However, he had managed to open all the safes.
Oleg the bank client loves money (who doesn't), and decides to take advantage of this failed robbery and steal some money from the safe... |
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Beroffice text editor has a wide range of features that help working with text. One of the features is an automatic search for typos and suggestions of how to fix them.
Beroffice works only with small English letters (i.e. with 26 letters from a to z).... |
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You are given a set of n points on the plane. A line containing the origin is called good, if projection of the given set to this line forms a symmetric multiset of points. Find the total number of good lines.
Multiset is a set where equal elements are... |
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There is unrest in the Galactic Senate. Several thousand solar systems have declared their intentions to leave the Republic. Master Heidi needs to select the Jedi Knights who will go on peacekeeping missions throughout the galaxy. It is well-known that ... |
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You have m = nΒ·k wooden staves. The i-th stave has length ai. You have to assemble n barrels consisting of k staves each, you can use any k staves to construct a barrel. Each stave must belong to exactly one barrel.
Let volume vj of barrel j be equal t... |
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Those of you who are familiar with the TV Show Community and it's 'lovable' character, Abed, who likes to travel around dimensions, parallel universes, and various other parallel time lines, would know that Abed needs your help. And if you aren't famili... |
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Exams are over !! Everyone is now in the mood to play the multiplayer game Counter-Strike 1.6. 12 players decide to play Counter-Strike 1.6, each one playing from his own room via LAN on his own laptop. The 12
players (6 on 6) : Counter Terrorists vs T... |
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Hansa did not have enough money to pay the bill of the party. Now she loves cupcakes (and can also eat any amount of it apparently), so she came up with a cupcake challenge. She challenges t people individually every time for the challenge. The task is... |
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Takahashi loves takoyaki - a ball-shaped snack.
With a takoyaki machine, he can make at most X pieces of takoyaki at a time, taking T minutes regardless of the number of pieces to make.
How long does it take to make N takoyaki?
Constraints
* 1 \leq ... |
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A company has N members, who are assigned ID numbers 1, ..., N.
Every member, except the member numbered 1, has exactly one immediate boss with a smaller ID number.
When a person X is the immediate boss of a person Y, the person Y is said to be an imm... |
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Takahashi loves palindromes. Non-palindromic strings are unacceptable to him. Each time he hugs a string, he can change one of its characters to any character of his choice.
Given is a string S. Find the minimum number of hugs needed to make S palindro... |
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You are given a string S as input. This represents a valid date in the year 2019 in the `yyyy/mm/dd` format. (For example, April 30, 2019 is represented as `2019/04/30`.)
Write a program that prints `Heisei` if the date represented by S is not later th... |
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You are given an undirected graph consisting of N vertices and M edges. The vertices are numbered 1 to N, and the edges are numbered 1 to M. In addition, each vertex has a label, `A` or `B`. The label of Vertex i is s_i. Edge i bidirectionally connects ... |
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On a two-dimensional plane, there are N red points and N blue points. The coordinates of the i-th red point are (a_i, b_i), and the coordinates of the i-th blue point are (c_i, d_i).
A red point and a blue point can form a friendly pair when, the x-coo... |
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There is a tree with N vertices numbered 1 through N. The i-th of the N-1 edges connects vertices a_i and b_i.
Initially, each edge is painted blue. Takahashi will convert this blue tree into a red tree, by performing the following operation N-1 times:... |
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Snuke got a present from his mother on his birthday. The present was a pair of two sequences a and b, consisting of positive integers. They satisfied all of the following properties:
* The sum of all elements of a is N.
* The sum of all elements of b i... |
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Taro is not good at hide-and-seek. As soon as you hide, you will find it, and it will be difficult to find the hidden child. My father, who couldn't see it, made an ultra-high performance location search system. You can use it to know exactly where your... |
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The following sorting operation is repeated for the stacked blocks as shown in Fig. A.
1. Stack all the bottom blocks (white blocks in Figure a) on the right edge (the remaining blocks will automatically drop one step down, as shown in Figure b).
2. If... |
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problem
There are n islands in JOI, and each island is numbered from 1 to n. Currently, the JOI country is developing a route network connecting each island.
You work at a ticket center that handles ship tickets. There are many people in JOI who want ... |
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Saying that it is not surprising that people want to know about their love, she has checked up his address, name, age, phone number, hometown, medical history, political party and even his sleeping position, every piece of his personal information. The ... |
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There are a number of rectangles on the x-y plane. The four sides of the rectangles are parallel to either the x-axis or the y-axis, and all of the rectangles reside within a range specified later. There are no other constraints on the coordinates of th... |
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Problem
There is an arithmetic progression A with the number of terms N, the first term a, and the tolerance d. Since M statements that update the sequence are given in the following format, find the value of the K item when the sequence A is updated M... |
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English text is not available in this practice contest.
At one point, a nobleman fell in love with a brave princess in a poor country and applied for marriage. The princess has given certain conditions to the aristocrats. The condition was to bring in ... |
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Example
Input
mmemewwemeww
Output
Cat
The input will be give
Read the inputs from stdin solve the problem and write the answer to stdout (do not directly test on the sample inputs). Enclose your code within ```python delimiters. |
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problem
In Ikatta, the SNS used by AOR Ika-chan, posts are called tweets.
And in squid, there is a concern that visibility will deteriorate if there are many replies to tweets, so when a tweet meets any of the following rules, the tweet will be displa... |
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Problem statement
I have a grid of $ H $ rows and $ W $ columns. Hereafter, the cells in the $ i $ row and $ j $ column on the grid are written as $ (i, j) $ cells.
Each cell in the grid has a number between $ 1 $ and $ 6 $, or the letter `#` in $ 1 $... |
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Find bridges of an undirected graph G(V, E).
A bridge (also known as a cut-edge) is an edge whose deletion increase the number of connected components.
Constraints
* 1 β€ |V| β€ 100,000
* 0 β€ |E| β€ 100,000
* The graph is connected
* There are no parall... |
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You are given n integers a_1, a_2, β¦, a_n. Each of a_i has between 3 and 5 divisors. Consider a = β a_i β the product of all input integers. Find the number of divisors of a. As this number may be very large, print it modulo prime number 998244353.
Inp... |
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Arkady and his friends love playing checkers on an n Γ n field. The rows and the columns of the field are enumerated from 1 to n.
The friends have recently won a championship, so Arkady wants to please them with some candies. Remembering an old parable... |
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Andrey received a postcard from Irina. It contained only the words "Hello, Andrey!", and a strange string consisting of lowercase Latin letters, snowflakes and candy canes. Andrey thought that this string is an encrypted message, and decided to decrypt ... |
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Vus the Cossack has two binary strings, that is, strings that consist only of "0" and "1". We call these strings a and b. It is known that |b| β€ |a|, that is, the length of b is at most the length of a.
The Cossack considers every substring of length |... |
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Recently Ivan the Fool decided to become smarter and study the probability theory. He thinks that he understands the subject fairly well, and so he began to behave like he already got PhD in that area.
To prove his skills, Ivan decided to demonstrate h... |
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Try guessing the statement from this picture <http://tiny.cc/ogyoiz>.
You are given two integers A and B, calculate the number of pairs (a, b) such that 1 β€ a β€ A, 1 β€ b β€ B, and the equation a β
b + a + b = conc(a, b) is true; conc(a, b) is the concat... |
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<image>
Input
The input contains two integers row, col (0 β€ row, col β€ 63), separated by a single space.
Output
Output "IN" or "OUT".
Examples
Input
0 0
Output
OUT
Input
27 0
Output
IN
Input
0 27
Output
OUT
Input
27 27
... |
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Skier rides on a snowy field. Its movements can be described by a string of characters 'S', 'N', 'W', 'E' (which correspond to 1 meter movement in the south, north, west or east direction respectively).
It is known that if he moves along a previously u... |
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This is the easy version of the problem. The difference between versions is the constraints on n and a_i. You can make hacks only if all versions of the problem are solved.
First, Aoi came up with the following idea for the competitive programming prob... |
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You are given an array a consisting of n integers. We denote the subarray a[l..r] as the array [a_l, a_{l + 1}, ..., a_r] (1 β€ l β€ r β€ n).
A subarray is considered good if every integer that occurs in this subarray occurs there exactly thrice. For exam... |
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Mike received an array a of length n as a birthday present and decided to test how pretty it is.
An array would pass the i-th prettiness test if there is a way to get an array with a sum of elements totaling s_i, using some number (possibly zero) of sl... |
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Polycarp is playing a new computer game. This game has n stones in a row. The stone on the position i has integer power a_i. The powers of all stones are distinct.
Each turn Polycarp can destroy either stone on the first position or stone on the last p... |
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As you very well know, the whole Universe traditionally uses three-dimensional Cartesian system of coordinates. In this system each point corresponds to three real coordinates (x, y, z). In this coordinate system, the distance between the center of the ... |
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Ternary numeric notation is quite popular in Berland. To telegraph the ternary number the Borze alphabet is used. Digit 0 is transmitted as Β«.Β», 1 as Β«-.Β» and 2 as Β«--Β». You are to decode the Borze code, i.e. to find out the ternary number given its rep... |
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Valera conducts experiments with algorithms that search for shortest paths. He has recently studied the Floyd's algorithm, so it's time to work with it.
Valera's already written the code that counts the shortest distance between any pair of vertexes in... |
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You have number a, whose decimal representation quite luckily contains digits 1, 6, 8, 9. Rearrange the digits in its decimal representation so that the resulting number will be divisible by 7.
Number a doesn't contain any leading zeroes and contains d... |
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On some square in the lowest row of a chessboard a stands a pawn. It has only two variants of moving: upwards and leftwards or upwards and rightwards. The pawn can choose from which square of the lowest row it can start its journey. On each square lay f... |
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Little X has met the following problem recently.
Let's define f(x) as the sum of digits in decimal representation of number x (for example, f(1234) = 1 + 2 + 3 + 4). You are to calculate <image>
Of course Little X has solved this problem quickly, has... |
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Polycarpus participates in a competition for hacking into a new secure messenger. He's almost won.
Having carefully studied the interaction protocol, Polycarpus came to the conclusion that the secret key can be obtained if he properly cuts the public k... |
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
Watto, the owner of a spare parts store, has recently got an order for the mechanism that can process strings in a certain way. Initially the memory of the mechanism is filled with n strings. Then the mechanism should be able to process queries of the f... |
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
The Bad Luck Island is inhabited by three kinds of species: r rocks, s scissors and p papers. At some moments of time two random individuals meet (all pairs of individuals can meet equiprobably), and if they belong to different species, then one individ... |
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