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This time Alice and Bob have devised a new game of numbers to decide who is the better player among the two. Each time they are given n positive integers and they perform an operation on these integers in each turn. In a particular operation a player ca... |
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HackerMan has brought a new drawing book for his child, which consists only of geometric shapes. Its consists of lessons where the child has to make drawings using the geometric shapes. The first lesson is based on how to use squares to build different ... |
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Raja tranports boxes from one place to another.But the boxes are too heavy it is very diffcult for him to transport them.But he is Raja:-p he has a magical power he can choose any random number D and if sum of weight of two continuous boxes one after an... |
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Little Jhool always wanted to have some psychic powers so that he could showoff his skills, and magic to people and impress them. (Specially, his girlfriend Big Jhool!) But, in spite all his efforts, hardwork, dedication, Googling, watching youtube vide... |
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Shil, Aditya and Utkarsh go to a candy shop. There are N candies present in the shop, which are indexed from 1 to N. All three of them select one candy to eat.
However, a candy tastes delicious if and only if, the index of candy chosen by Shil is stric... |
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Xsquare likes strings a lot but much more, he likes palindromic strings. Today, he has a string S consisting of lower case English letters. Xsquare wants to convert his string S to a palindromic string. For the above purpose to be served , he can insert... |
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Given N integers A_1, ..., A_N, compute A_1 \times ... \times A_N.
However, if the result exceeds 10^{18}, print `-1` instead.
Constraints
* 2 \leq N \leq 10^5
* 0 \leq A_i \leq 10^{18}
* All values in input are integers.
Input
Input is given from ... |
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There are N squares arranged in a row from left to right.
The height of the i-th square from the left is H_i.
You will land on a square of your choice, then repeat moving to the adjacent square on the right as long as the height of the next square is ... |
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There are N strings arranged in a row. It is known that, for any two adjacent strings, the string to the left is lexicographically smaller than the string to the right. That is, S_1<S_2<...<S_N holds lexicographically, where S_i is the i-th string from ... |
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Ringo Kingdom Congress is voting on a bill.
N members are present, and the i-th member (1 β€ i β€ N) has w_i white ballots and b_i blue ballots. Each member i will put all the w_i white ballots into the box if he/she is in favor of the bill, and put all ... |
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This contest is `CODE FESTIVAL`. However, Mr. Takahashi always writes it `CODEFESTIVAL`, omitting the single space between `CODE` and `FESTIVAL`.
So he has decided to make a program that puts the single space he omitted.
You are given a string s with ... |
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The solution of $ x ^ 3 = q $ is to calculate the recurrence formula $ x_ {n + 1} = x_n-\ frac {x_ {n} ^ 3 --q} {3x_ {n} ^ 2} $ It can be calculated approximately with.
Put a positive number $ \ frac {q} {2} $ in $ x_1 $
$ x_2 = x_1-\ frac {x_ {1} ^ 3... |
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Mr. A is planning to travel alone on a highway bus (hereinafter referred to as "bus") during his high school holidays. First, Mr. A chose the town he wanted to visit the most and made it his destination. Next, you have to decide the route to transfer th... |
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She loves e-mail so much! She sends e-mails by her cellular phone to her friends when she has breakfast, she talks with other friends, and even when she works in the library! Her cellular phone has somewhat simple layout (Figure 1). Pushing button 1 onc... |
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In 2300, the Life Science Division of Federal Republic of Space starts a very ambitious project to complete the genome sequencing of all living creatures in the entire universe and develop the genomic database of all space life. Thanks to scientific res... |
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In the middle of Tyrrhenian Sea, there is a small volcanic island called Chronus. The island is now uninhabited but it used to be a civilized island. Some historical records imply that the island was annihilated by an eruption of a volcano about 800 yea... |
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Professor Matsuzaki is a scientist studying the truth of the universe. Life, the universe, all the answers are said to be 42, but Professor Matsuzaki thinks that this alone is not enough to elucidate the truth of the universe. Professor Matsuzaki believ... |
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Claire is a man-eater. She's a real man-eater. She's going around with dozens of guys. She's dating all the time. And one day she found some conflicts in her date schedule. D'oh!
So she needs to pick some dates and give the others up. The dates are set... |
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There is an Amidakuji that consists of w vertical bars and has a height (the number of steps to which horizontal bars can be added) of h. w is an even number. Of the candidates for the place to add the horizontal bar of this Amidakuji, the ath from the ... |
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G: Working
Kou decided to do the same number of jobs every day for the next $ N $.
$ A_i $ jobs are added on the $ i $ day of the $ N $ day.
Mr. Kou has no work to do now, and he doesn't have to finish all the work by the $ N $ day.
How many jobs ca... |
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Problem
It seems that a magician with a smoky smell will show off his magic.
"Now, think of one favorite integer."
You decide to think of your counting years in your head.
The magician has thrown the query $ N $ times.
Each query is one of the follow... |
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For a given sequence $A = \\{a_0, a_1, ..., a_{n-1}\\}$ which is sorted by ascending order, find a specific value $k$ given as a query.
Constraints
* $1 \leq n \leq 100,000$
* $1 \leq q \leq 200,000$
* $0 \leq a_0 \leq a_1 \leq ... \leq a_{n-1} \leq 1... |
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You are given a tree (an undirected connected graph without cycles) and an integer s.
Vanya wants to put weights on all edges of the tree so that all weights are non-negative real numbers and their sum is s. At the same time, he wants to make the diame... |
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Given a string s of length n and integer k (1 β€ k β€ n). The string s has a level x, if x is largest non-negative integer, such that it's possible to find in s:
* x non-intersecting (non-overlapping) substrings of length k,
* all characters of thes... |
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You have a set of items, each having some integer weight not greater than 8. You denote that a subset of items is good if total weight of items in the subset does not exceed W.
You want to calculate the maximum possible weight of a good subset of items... |
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It is raining heavily. But this is the first day for Serval, who just became 3 years old, to go to the kindergarten. Unfortunately, he lives far from kindergarten, and his father is too busy to drive him there. The only choice for this poor little boy i... |
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Ania has a large integer S. Its decimal representation has length n and doesn't contain any leading zeroes. Ania is allowed to change at most k digits of S. She wants to do it in such a way that S still won't contain any leading zeroes and it'll be mini... |
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You are given an array a consisting of n integers.
You can remove at most one element from this array. Thus, the final length of the array is n-1 or n.
Your task is to calculate the maximum possible length of the strictly increasing contiguous subarra... |
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You are given a permutation p_1, p_2, ..., p_n. Recall that sequence of n integers is called a permutation if it contains all integers from 1 to n exactly once.
Find three indices i, j and k such that:
* 1 β€ i < j < k β€ n;
* p_i < p_j and p_j > ... |
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A binary string is a string where each character is either 0 or 1. Two binary strings a and b of equal length are similar, if they have the same character in some position (there exists an integer i such that a_i = b_i). For example:
* 10010 and 0111... |
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You want to build a fence that will consist of n equal sections. All sections have a width equal to 1 and height equal to k. You will place all sections in one line side by side.
Unfortunately, the ground beneath the fence is not flat. For simplicity, ... |
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You are given a directed graph consisting of n vertices. Each directed edge (or arc) labeled with a single character. Initially, the graph is empty.
You should process m queries with it. Each query is one of three types:
* "+ u v c" β add arc from ... |
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You are wandering in the explorer space of the 2050 Conference.
The explorer space can be viewed as an undirected weighted grid graph with size nΓ m. The set of vertices is \{(i, j)|1β€ iβ€ n, 1β€ jβ€ m\}. Two vertices (i_1,j_1) and (i_2, j_2) are connecte... |
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Polycarpus has recently got interested in sequences of pseudorandom numbers. He learned that many programming languages generate such sequences in a similar way: <image> (for i β₯ 1). Here a, b, m are constants, fixed for the given realization of the pse... |
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The ancient Berlanders believed that the longer the name, the more important its bearer is. Thus, Berland kings were famous for their long names. But long names are somewhat inconvenient, so the Berlanders started to abbreviate the names of their kings.... |
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A new Berland businessman Vitaly is going to open a household appliances' store. All he's got to do now is to hire the staff.
The store will work seven days a week, but not around the clock. Every day at least k people must work in the store.
Berland ... |
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In 2N - 1 boxes there are apples and oranges. Your task is to choose N boxes so, that they will contain not less than half of all the apples and not less than half of all the oranges.
Input
The first input line contains one number T β amount of tests.... |
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Little penguin Polo adores integer segments, that is, pairs of integers [l; r] (l β€ r).
He has a set that consists of n integer segments: [l1; r1], [l2; r2], ..., [ln; rn]. We know that no two segments of this set intersect. In one move Polo can eithe... |
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During the last Sereja's Codesecrof round the server crashed many times, so the round was decided to be made unrated for some participants.
Let's assume that n people took part in the contest. Let's assume that the participant who got the first place ... |
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Vasily the bear has got a sequence of positive integers a1, a2, ..., an. Vasily the Bear wants to write out several numbers on a piece of paper so that the beauty of the numbers he wrote out was maximum.
The beauty of the written out numbers b1, b2, .... |
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Simon has an array a1, a2, ..., an, consisting of n positive integers. Today Simon asked you to find a pair of integers l, r (1 β€ l β€ r β€ n), such that the following conditions hold:
1. there is integer j (l β€ j β€ r), such that all integers al, al + ... |
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Everybody knows what an arithmetic progression is. Let us remind you just in case that an arithmetic progression is such sequence of numbers a1, a2, ..., an of length n, that the following condition fulfills:
a2 - a1 = a3 - a2 = a4 - a3 = ... = ai + 1... |
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Iahub is very proud of his recent discovery, propagating trees. Right now, he invented a new tree, called xor-tree. After this new revolutionary discovery, he invented a game for kids which uses xor-trees.
The game is played on a tree having n nodes, n... |
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You are given a permutation of numbers from 1 to n. Determine whether there's a pair of integers a, b (1 β€ a, b β€ n; a β b) such that the element <image> (note, that it is usual division, not integer one) is between a and b in this permutation.
Input
... |
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Given a sequence of integers a1, ..., an and q queries x1, ..., xq on it. For each query xi you have to count the number of pairs (l, r) such that 1 β€ l β€ r β€ n and gcd(al, al + 1, ..., ar) = xi.
<image> is a greatest common divisor of v1, v2, ..., vn,... |
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Polycarp is writing the prototype of a graphic editor. He has already made up his mind that the basic image transformations in his editor will be: rotate the image 90 degrees clockwise, flip the image horizontally (symmetry relative to the vertical line... |
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Do you like summer? Residents of Berland do. They especially love eating ice cream in the hot summer. So this summer day a large queue of n Berland residents lined up in front of the ice cream stall. We know that each of them has a certain amount of ber... |
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Igor is in the museum and he wants to see as many pictures as possible.
Museum can be represented as a rectangular field of n Γ m cells. Each cell is either empty or impassable. Empty cells are marked with '.', impassable cells are marked with '*'. Eve... |
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After the contest in comparing numbers, Shapur's teacher found out that he is a real genius and that no one could possibly do the calculations faster than him even using a super computer!
Some days before the contest, the teacher took a very simple-loo... |
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Further research on zombie thought processes yielded interesting results. As we know from the previous problem, the nervous system of a zombie consists of n brains and m brain connectors joining some pairs of brains together. It was observed that the in... |
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Today an outstanding event is going to happen in the forest β hedgehog Filya will come to his old fried Sonya!
Sonya is an owl and she sleeps during the day and stay awake from minute l1 to minute r1 inclusive. Also, during the minute k she prinks and ... |
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For some reason in many American cartoons anvils fall from time to time onto heroes' heads. Of course, safes, wardrobes, cruisers, planes fall sometimes too... But anvils do so most of all.
Anvils come in different sizes and shapes. Quite often they ge... |
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You are given matrix with n rows and n columns filled with zeroes. You should put k ones in it in such a way that the resulting matrix is symmetrical with respect to the main diagonal (the diagonal that goes from the top left to the bottom right corner)... |
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Vasya has n burles. One bottle of Ber-Cola costs a burles and one Bars bar costs b burles. He can buy any non-negative integer number of bottles of Ber-Cola and any non-negative integer number of Bars bars.
Find out if it's possible to buy some amount ... |
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Suppose that you are in a campus and have to go for classes day by day. As you may see, when you hurry to a classroom, you surprisingly find that many seats there are already occupied. Today you and your friends went for class, and found out that some o... |
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You have two variables a and b. Consider the following sequence of actions performed with these variables:
1. If a = 0 or b = 0, end the process. Otherwise, go to step 2;
2. If a β₯ 2Β·b, then set the value of a to a - 2Β·b, and repeat step 1. Otherwi... |
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Akari has n kinds of flowers, one of each kind.
She is going to choose one or more of these flowers to make a bouquet.
However, she hates two numbers a and b, so the number of flowers in the bouquet cannot be a or b.
How many different bouquets are t... |
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We have a square grid with H rows and W columns. Snuke wants to write 0 or 1 in each of the squares. Here, all of the following conditions have to be satisfied:
* For every row, the smaller of the following is A: the number of 0s contained in the row, ... |
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You have N cards. On the i-th card, an integer A_i is written.
For each j = 1, 2, ..., M in this order, you will perform the following operation once:
Operation: Choose at most B_j cards (possibly zero). Replace the integer written on each chosen card... |
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Decades have passed since the beginning of AtCoder Beginner Contest.
The contests are labeled as `ABC001`, `ABC002`, ... from the first round, but after the 999-th round `ABC999`, a problem occurred: how the future rounds should be labeled?
In the end... |
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You are given a string S consisting of lowercase English letters. Determine whether we can turn S into a palindrome by repeating the operation of swapping two adjacent characters. If it is possible, find the minimum required number of operations.
Const... |
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We have a sequence of length N consisting of non-negative integers. Consider performing the following operation on this sequence until the largest element in this sequence becomes N-1 or smaller.
* Determine the largest element in the sequence (if ther... |
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The time is 2020. There is data that saves the qualifying results of PC Koshien 2020. This data stores the reference number and the number of correct answers assigned to each team. Here, the ranking is determined by the number of correct answers, and th... |
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There are various parking lots such as three-dimensional type and tower type in the city to improve the utilization efficiency of the parking lot. In some parking lots, a "two-stage parking device" as shown in the figure is installed in one parking spac... |
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Nobuo-kun and Shizuo-kun are playing a game of competing for territories on a rectangular island. As shown in Fig. 1 below, the entire island is made up of square compartments divided in a grid pattern, and the profits and losses resulting from these ar... |
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problem
N students from JOI High School are lined up in a row from east to west. The i-th student from the western end of the column is student i. Each student has a bib with one integer. Initially, the integer Ai is written on the number of student i.... |
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Origami, or the art of folding paper
Master Grus is a famous origami (paper folding) artist, who is enthusiastic about exploring the possibility of origami art. For future creation, he is now planning fundamental experiments to establish the general th... |
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You are playing a solitaire puzzle called "Connect", which uses several letter tiles.
There are R Γ C empty cells. For each i (1 β€ i β€ R), you must put a string si (1 β€ |si| β€ C) in the i-th row of the table, without changing the letter order. In other... |
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One day, Ikta, an elementary school student, received a piece of paper with mathematical formulas from his grandfather. Apparently, the grandfather will give you as much money as the answer to the formula. Ikta has only learned addition, subtraction, an... |
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F: Miko Mi String-
story
Mikko Mikkomi ~! Everyone's idol, Miko Miko Tazawa! Today ~, with Mikoto ~, practice the string algorithm, let's do it β
Miko's special ~~ character making ~~ The slogan "MikoMikomi" becomes "MikoMikoMi" in Roman letters! In ... |
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Write a program which performs the following operations to a binary search tree $T$ by adding delete operation to B: Binary Search Tree II.
* insert $k$: Insert a node containing $k$ as key into $T$.
* find $k$: Report whether $T$ has a node containin... |
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For a dynamic array $A = \\{a_0, a_1, ...\\}$ of integers, perform a sequence of the following operations:
* push($d$, $x$): Add element $x$ at the begining of $A$, if $d = 0$. Add element $x$ at the end of $A$, if $d = 1$.
* randomAccess($p$): Print e... |
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Today, Chef woke up to find that he had no clean socks. Doing laundry is such a turn-off for Chef, that in such a situation, he always buys new socks instead of cleaning the old dirty ones. He arrived at the fashion store with money rupees in his pocket... |
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The palindrome is a string that can be read the same way from left to right and from right to left. For example, strings "aaaaa", "1221", "bbaabb" are palindromes, however the string "chef" is not a palindrome because if we read it from right to left, w... |
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You are given a text consisting of n space-separated words. There is exactly one space character between any pair of adjacent words. There are no spaces before the first word and no spaces after the last word. The length of text is the number of letters... |
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The campus has m rooms numbered from 0 to m - 1. Also the x-mouse lives in the campus. The x-mouse is not just a mouse: each second x-mouse moves from room i to the room i β
x mod{m} (in fact, it teleports from one room to another since it doesn't visit... |
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After finding and moving to the new planet that supports human life, discussions started on which currency should be used. After long negotiations, Bitcoin was ultimately chosen as the universal currency.
These were the great news for Alice, whose gran... |
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Polycarp has a lot of work to do. Recently he has learned a new time management rule: "if a task takes five minutes or less, do it immediately". Polycarp likes the new rule, however he is not sure that five minutes is the optimal value. He supposes that... |
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You are given two integers n and k.
Your task is to construct such a string s of length n that for each i from 1 to k there is at least one i-th letter of the Latin alphabet in this string (the first letter is 'a', the second is 'b' and so on) and ther... |
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You are given a regular polygon with n vertices labeled from 1 to n in counter-clockwise order. The triangulation of a given polygon is a set of triangles such that each vertex of each triangle is a vertex of the initial polygon, there is no pair of tri... |
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Let's call an array of non-negative integers a_1, a_2, β¦, a_n a k-extension for some non-negative integer k if for all possible pairs of indices 1 β€ i, j β€ n the inequality k β
|i - j| β€ min(a_i, a_j) is satisfied. The expansion coefficient of the array... |
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Dima worked all day and wrote down on a long paper strip his favorite number n consisting of l digits. Unfortunately, the strip turned out to be so long that it didn't fit in the Dima's bookshelf.
To solve the issue, Dima decided to split the strip int... |
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The only difference between the easy and the hard versions is the maximum value of k.
You are given an infinite sequence of form "112123123412345..." which consist of blocks of all consecutive positive integers written one after another. The first bloc... |
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Let's define a string <x> as an opening tag, where x is any small letter of the Latin alphabet. Each opening tag matches a closing tag of the type </x>, where x is the same letter.
Tegs can be nested into each other: in this case one opening and closin... |
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You are an all-powerful being and you have created a rectangular world. In fact, your world is so bland that it could be represented by a r Γ c grid. Each cell on the grid represents a country. Each country has a dominant religion. There are only two re... |
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Logical quantifiers are very useful tools for expressing claims about a set. For this problem, let's focus on the set of real numbers specifically. The set of real numbers includes zero and negatives. There are two kinds of quantifiers: universal (β) an... |
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You are given a matrix with n rows (numbered from 1 to n) and m columns (numbered from 1 to m). A number a_{i, j} is written in the cell belonging to the i-th row and the j-th column, each number is either 0 or 1.
A chip is initially in the cell (1, 1)... |
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There is a road with length l meters. The start of the road has coordinate 0, the end of the road has coordinate l.
There are two cars, the first standing at the start of the road and the second standing at the end of the road. They will start driving ... |
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Zookeeper is buying a carton of fruit to feed his pet wabbit. The fruits are a sequence of apples and oranges, which is represented by a binary string s_1s_2β¦ s_n of length n. 1 represents an apple and 0 represents an orange.
Since wabbit is allergic t... |
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There is an infinite 2-dimensional grid. The robot stands in cell (0, 0) and wants to reach cell (x, y). Here is a list of possible commands the robot can execute:
* move north from cell (i, j) to (i, j + 1);
* move east from cell (i, j) to (i + 1... |
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You are given two binary square matrices a and b of size n Γ n. A matrix is called binary if each of its elements is equal to 0 or 1. You can do the following operations on the matrix a arbitrary number of times (0 or more):
* vertical xor. You choo... |
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Dr. Moriarty is about to send a message to Sherlock Holmes. He has a string s.
String p is called a substring of string s if you can read it starting from some position in the string s. For example, string "aba" has six substrings: "a", "b", "a", "ab"... |
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The Smart Beaver from ABBYY began to develop a new educational game for children. The rules of the game are fairly simple and are described below.
The playing field is a sequence of n non-negative integers ai numbered from 1 to n. The goal of the game ... |
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Yaroslav has an array that consists of n integers. In one second Yaroslav can swap two neighboring array elements. Now Yaroslav is wondering if he can obtain an array where any two neighboring elements would be distinct in a finite time.
Help Yaroslav.... |
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Sereja loves all sorts of algorithms. He has recently come up with a new algorithm, which receives a string as an input. Let's represent the input string of the algorithm as q = q1q2... qk. The algorithm consists of two steps:
1. Find any continuous ... |
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On a number axis directed from the left rightwards, n marbles with coordinates x1, x2, ..., xn are situated. Let's assume that the sizes of the marbles are infinitely small, that is in this task each of them is assumed to be a material point. You can st... |
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Berland scientists noticed long ago that the world around them depends on Berland population. Due to persistent research in this area the scientists managed to find out that the Berland chronology starts from the moment when the first two people came to... |
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Amr doesn't like Maths as he finds it really boring, so he usually sleeps in Maths lectures. But one day the teacher suspected that Amr is sleeping and asked him a question to make sure he wasn't.
First he gave Amr two positive integers n and k. Then h... |
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
Kevin has just recevied his disappointing results on the USA Identification of Cows Olympiad (USAICO) in the form of a binary string of length n. Each character of Kevin's string represents Kevin's score on one of the n questions of the olympiadβ'1' for... |
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
Mary has just graduated from one well-known University and is now attending celebration party. Students like to dream of a beautiful life, so they used champagne glasses to construct a small pyramid. The height of the pyramid is n. The top level consist... |
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