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In Chelyabinsk lives a much respected businessman Nikita with a strange nickname "Boss". Once Nikita decided to go with his friend Alex to the Summer Biathlon World Cup. Nikita, as a very important person, received a token which allows to place bets on ... |
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There are some beautiful girls in Arpa’s land as mentioned before.
Once Arpa came up with an obvious problem:
Given an array and a number x, count the number of pairs of indices i, j (1 ≤ i < j ≤ n) such that <image>, where <image> is bitwise xor oper... |
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Something happened in Uzhlyandia again... There are riots on the streets... Famous Uzhlyandian superheroes Shean the Sheep and Stas the Giraffe were called in order to save the situation. Upon the arriving, they found that citizens are worried about max... |
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"Eat a beaver, save a tree!" — That will be the motto of ecologists' urgent meeting in Beaverley Hills.
And the whole point is that the population of beavers on the Earth has reached incredible sizes! Each day their number increases in several times an... |
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The Cartesian coordinate system is set in the sky. There you can see n stars, the i-th has coordinates (xi, yi), a maximum brightness c, equal for all stars, and an initial brightness si (0 ≤ si ≤ c).
Over time the stars twinkle. At moment 0 the i-th s... |
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A positive integer is called a 2-3-integer, if it is equal to 2x·3y for some non-negative integers x and y. In other words, these integers are such integers that only have 2 and 3 among their prime divisors. For example, integers 1, 6, 9, 16 and 108 — a... |
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A string is a palindrome if it reads the same from the left to the right and from the right to the left. For example, the strings "kek", "abacaba", "r" and "papicipap" are palindromes, while the strings "abb" and "iq" are not.
A substring s[l … r] (1 ≤... |
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Bholu the Pandit on this New Year wanted to divide his Cuboidal Packaging block into cubes.
But he loves uniformity so he asks you to divide it such a way that all the cubes are of same size and volume of individual cube is as large as possible.
Note: ... |
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Bitoholic is an inhabitant of the planet Neo in a galaxy far far away. Their civilization is studies an advanced form of mathematics. However, rules of calculus are a bit different there. On his planet, integration and differentiation techniques are cal... |
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The time is 1st January 20000014 Gazu is depressed with his life as he thinks there is nothing unique about him. One day he meets a travelling coder, Gazu tells him why he is depressed, to which coder replies “Everyone is one in a zillion my brother”. ... |
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My flatmate, Sayan, went to the game show called Takeshi's castle.It is a game show in which you need to pass different game challenges to enter the final.
Now the most famous round of all of them is the "skipping stones".In the game you need to go fro... |
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Let us denote by f(x, m) the remainder of the Euclidean division of x by m.
Let A be the sequence that is defined by the initial value A_1=X and the recurrence relation A_{n+1} = f(A_n^2, M). Find \displaystyle{\sum_{i=1}^N A_i}.
Constraints
* 1 \leq... |
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Takahashi wants to be a member of some web service.
He tried to register himself with the ID S, which turned out to be already used by another user.
Thus, he decides to register using a string obtained by appending one character at the end of S as his... |
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There are 2000001 stones placed on a number line. The coordinates of these stones are -1000000, -999999, -999998, \ldots, 999999, 1000000.
Among them, some K consecutive stones are painted black, and the others are painted white.
Additionally, we know... |
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You are given a string S of length 2 or 3 consisting of lowercase English letters. If the length of the string is 2, print it as is; if the length is 3, print the string after reversing it.
Constraints
* The length of S is 2 or 3.
* S consists of lowe... |
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Ringo has a string S.
He can perform the following N kinds of operations any number of times in any order.
* Operation i: For each of the characters from the L_i-th through the R_i-th characters in S, replace it with its succeeding letter in the Engli... |
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You are given a string S of length N consisting of `(` and `)`. Your task is to insert some number of `(` and `)` into S to obtain a correct bracket sequence.
Here, a correct bracket sequence is defined as follows:
* `()` is a correct bracket sequence.... |
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Let x be a string of length at least 1. We will call x a good string, if for any string y and any integer k (k \geq 2), the string obtained by concatenating k copies of y is different from x. For example, `a`, `bbc` and `cdcdc` are good strings, while `... |
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Your task is to develop a tiny little part of spreadsheet software.
Write a program which adds up columns and rows of given table as shown in the following figure:
<image>
Input
The input consists of several datasets. Each dataset consists of:
n... |
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Under the command "Save Sergeant Ryan," Aiz's rescue team fought fierce battles with enemy forces in the floating city of Lee, Germany. They successfully joined the sergeant, but there were many enemy tanks and they could not call a rescue herio. So, in... |
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Dr. Hedro is astonished. According to his theory, we can make sludge that can dissolve almost everything on the earth. Now he's trying to produce the sludge to verify his theory.
The sludge is produced in a rectangular solid shaped tank whose size is N... |
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Long long ago, there lived a wizard who invented a lot of "magical patterns." In a room where one of his magical patterns is drawn on the floor, anyone can use magic by casting magic spells! The set of spells usable in the room depends on the drawn magi... |
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Two experienced climbers are planning a first-ever attempt: they start at two points of the equal altitudes on a mountain range, move back and forth on a single route keeping their altitudes equal, and finally meet with each other at a point on the rout... |
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Hint
* One grid may be filled more than once
* Even if it can be represented by one line segment such as '1', it may be represented by two or more line segments.
Sample Input 1
Formula for Sample Input 1.
Sample Input 2
Sample Input 2 formula. Anot... |
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Wind Corridor is a covered passageway where strong wind is always blowing. It is a long corridor of width W, and there are several pillars in it. Each pillar is a right prism and its face is a polygon (not necessarily convex).
In this problem, we consi... |
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You are a student looking for a job. Today you had an employment examination for an IT company. They asked you to write an efficient program to perform several operations. First, they showed you an N \times N square matrix and a list of operations. All ... |
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A: A-Z Cat / A-Z Cat
story
Aizunyan is a second-year student who belongs to the programming contest club of Wakagamatsu High School, commonly known as the Prokon club. It's so cute. Aizu Nyan was asked by her friend Joy to take care of her cat. It is ... |
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problem
There are many $ N $ colored balls of different weights in the queue. The queue is in ascending order from the beginning: $ 1,2,3, \ dots, N-1, N, 1,2,3, \ dots, N-1, N, 1,2,3, \ dots $ The balls are lined up, followed by the balls of color $ N... |
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Dutch treat
You have organized a party to pray for the good performance of the ICPC 2019 Yokohama Regional Domestic Qualifiers. There are N participants in this party.
Since it costs M yen in total to hold this party, we decided to collect M / N yen f... |
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Multiplication of Big Integers
Given two integers $A$ and $B$, compute the product, $A \times B$.
Input
Two integers $A$ and $B$ separated by a space character are given in a line.
Output
Print the product in a line.
Constraints
* $-1 \times 10^{... |
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In a galaxy far, far away Lesha the student has just got to know that he has an exam in two days. As always, he hasn't attended any single class during the previous year, so he decided to spend the remaining time wisely.
Lesha knows that today he can s... |
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One day, Yuhao came across a problem about checking if some bracket sequences are correct bracket sequences.
A bracket sequence is any non-empty sequence of opening and closing parentheses. A bracket sequence is called a correct bracket sequence if it'... |
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The only difference between easy and hard versions is the constraints.
Polycarp has to write a coursework. The coursework consists of m pages.
Polycarp also has n cups of coffee. The coffee in the i-th cup has a_i caffeine in it. Polycarp can drink so... |
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Two integer sequences existed initially, one of them was strictly increasing, and another one — strictly decreasing.
Strictly increasing sequence is a sequence of integers [x_1 < x_2 < ... < x_k]. And strictly decreasing sequence is a sequence of integ... |
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The only difference between easy and hard versions is constraints.
Ivan plays a computer game that contains some microtransactions to make characters look cooler. Since Ivan wants his character to be really cool, he wants to use some of these microtran... |
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You are given 4n sticks, the length of the i-th stick is a_i.
You have to create n rectangles, each rectangle will consist of exactly 4 sticks from the given set. The rectangle consists of four sides, opposite sides should have equal length and all ang... |
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Consider the set of all nonnegative integers: {0, 1, 2, ...}. Given two integers a and b (1 ≤ a, b ≤ 10^4). We paint all the numbers in increasing number first we paint 0, then we paint 1, then 2 and so on.
Each number is painted white or black. We pai... |
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Evlampiy was gifted a rooted tree. The vertices of the tree are numbered from 1 to n. Each of its vertices also has an integer a_i written on it. For each vertex i, Evlampiy calculated c_i — the number of vertices j in the subtree of vertex i, such that... |
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To become the king of Codeforces, Kuroni has to solve the following problem.
He is given n numbers a_1, a_2, ..., a_n. Help Kuroni to calculate ∏_{1≤ i<j≤ n} |a_i - a_j|. As result can be very big, output it modulo m.
If you are not familiar with shor... |
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Omkar is building a waterslide in his water park, and he needs your help to ensure that he does it as efficiently as possible.
Omkar currently has n supports arranged in a line, the i-th of which has height a_i. Omkar wants to build his waterslide from... |
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You are given a square matrix of size n. Every row and every column of this matrix is a permutation of 1, 2, …, n. Let a_{i, j} be the element at the intersection of i-th row and j-th column for every 1 ≤ i, j ≤ n. Rows are numbered 1, …, n top to botto... |
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Based on a peculiar incident at basketball practice, Akari came up with the following competitive programming problem!
You are given n points on the plane, no three of which are collinear. The i-th point initially has a label a_i, in such a way that th... |
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This is an interactive problem.
Note: the XOR-sum of an array a_1, a_2, …, a_n (1 ≤ a_i ≤ 10^9) is defined as a_1 ⊕ a_2 ⊕ … ⊕ a_n, where ⊕ denotes the [bitwise XOR operation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitwise_operation#XOR).
Little Dormi received ... |
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To get money for a new aeonic blaster, ranger Qwerty decided to engage in trade for a while. He wants to buy some number of items (or probably not to buy anything at all) on one of the planets, and then sell the bought items on another planet. Note that... |
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The "BerCorp" company has got n employees. These employees can use m approved official languages for the formal correspondence. The languages are numbered with integers from 1 to m. For each employee we have the list of languages, which he knows. This l... |
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The new "Die Hard" movie has just been released! There are n people at the cinema box office standing in a huge line. Each of them has a single 100, 50 or 25 ruble bill. A "Die Hard" ticket costs 25 rubles. Can the booking clerk sell a ticket to each pe... |
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You have a positive integer m and a non-negative integer s. Your task is to find the smallest and the largest of the numbers that have length m and sum of digits s. The required numbers should be non-negative integers written in the decimal base without... |
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One company of IT City decided to create a group of innovative developments consisting from 5 to 7 people and hire new employees for it. After placing an advertisment the company received n resumes. Now the HR department has to evaluate each possible gr... |
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A tree is a connected undirected graph consisting of n vertices and n - 1 edges. Vertices are numbered 1 through n.
Limak is a little polar bear and Radewoosh is his evil enemy. Limak once had a tree but Radewoosh stolen it. Bear is very sad now becaus... |
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One tradition of ACM-ICPC contests is that a team gets a balloon for every solved problem. We assume that the submission time doesn't matter and teams are sorted only by the number of balloons they have. It means that one's place is equal to the number ... |
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The winter in Berland lasts n days. For each day we know the forecast for the average air temperature that day.
Vasya has a new set of winter tires which allows him to drive safely no more than k days at any average air temperature. After k days of us... |
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During the breaks between competitions, top-model Izabella tries to develop herself and not to be bored. For example, now she tries to solve Rubik's cube 2x2x2.
It's too hard to learn to solve Rubik's cube instantly, so she learns to understand if it's... |
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It is nighttime and Joe the Elusive got into the country's main bank's safe. The safe has n cells positioned in a row, each of them contains some amount of diamonds. Let's make the problem more comfortable to work with and mark the cells with positive n... |
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Mahmoud and Ehab play a game called the even-odd game. Ehab chooses his favorite integer n and then they take turns, starting from Mahmoud. In each player's turn, he has to choose an integer a and subtract it from n such that:
* 1 ≤ a ≤ n.
* If it... |
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You are given a string s of length n consisting of lowercase English letters.
For two given strings s and t, say S is the set of distinct characters of s and T is the set of distinct characters of t. The strings s and t are isomorphic if their lengths ... |
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See Russian Translation
W.T.H.S.E.C
Confused? Well it stands for Welcome To HackerEarth September Easy Challenge :). It's quite amazing when long words like this get reduced to such a short string. They sound pretty cool and often make the chat intere... |
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Rani has challenged Nandu to generate Splendid Matrices. Splendid matrices are square matrices with dimensions 2^n X 2^n filled in a particular manner. To explain this manner, Rani gives Nandu the matrices for n=1, n=2 and n=3 :
n=1
1 2
3 4
n=2 (spac... |
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We have a grid with H horizontal rows and W vertical columns. Let (i,j) denote the square at the i-th row from the top and the j-th column from the left.
The square (i, j) has two numbers A_{ij} and B_{ij} written on it.
First, for each square, Takaha... |
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You are given a simple connected undirected graph with N vertices and M edges. The vertices are numbered 1 to N, and the i-th edge connects Vertex A_i and Vertex B_i. Takahashi will assign one of the two possible directions to each of the edges in the g... |
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Along a road running in an east-west direction, there are A shrines and B temples. The i-th shrine from the west is located at a distance of s_i meters from the west end of the road, and the i-th temple from the west is located at a distance of t_i mete... |
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We have a 3×3 square grid, where each square contains a lowercase English letters. The letter in the square at the i-th row from the top and j-th column from the left is c_{ij}.
Print the string of length 3 that can be obtained by concatenating the let... |
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Give you N cards. Only one natural number is written on each card. However, the same number is never written.
From now on, as a question, I will say an appropriate natural number. Please answer the largest remainder you get when you divide the number o... |
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The north country is conquered by the great shogun-sama (which means king). Recently many beautiful dice which were made by order of the great shogun-sama were given to all citizens of the country. All citizens received the beautiful dice with a tear of... |
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Yui Hirasawa, who attends private Sakuragaoka Girls' High School, has to make a career hope by the day after tomorrow, but the trouble is that she hasn't decided anything yet. When I consulted with my friend Wa, I knew that my first choice was K Univers... |
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Example
Input
5
Output
5
The input will be give
Read the inputs from stdin solve the problem and write the answer to stdout (do not directly test on the sample inputs). Enclose your code within ```python delimiters. |
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Koto Municipal Subway
Koto Municipal Subway
Koto City is a famous city whose roads are in a grid pattern, as shown in the figure below. The roads extending from north to south and the roads extending from east to west are lined up at intervals of 1 km... |
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Problem statement
There is a tree consisting of $ N $ vertices $ N-1 $ edges, and the $ i $ th edge connects the $ u_i $ and $ v_i $ vertices.
Each vertex has a button, and the button at the $ i $ th vertex is called the button $ i $.
First, the beau... |
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<image>
A directed acyclic graph (DAG) can be used to represent the ordering of tasks. Tasks are represented by vertices and constraints where one task can begin before another, are represented by edges. For example, in the above example, you can unde... |
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Little girl Tanya climbs the stairs inside a multi-storey building. Every time Tanya climbs a stairway, she starts counting steps from 1 to the number of steps in this stairway. She speaks every number aloud. For example, if she climbs two stairways, th... |
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This problem is interactive.
You should guess hidden number x which is between 1 and M = 10004205361450474, inclusive.
You could use up to 5 queries.
In each query, you can output an increasing sequence of k ≤ x integers, each between 1 and M, inclus... |
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Mr. F has n positive integers, a_1, a_2, …, a_n.
He thinks the greatest common divisor of these integers is too small. So he wants to enlarge it by removing some of the integers.
But this problem is too simple for him, so he does not want to do it by ... |
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Sasha is a very happy guy, that's why he is always on the move. There are n cities in the country where Sasha lives. They are all located on one straight line, and for convenience, they are numbered from 1 to n in increasing order. The distance between ... |
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You are playing a computer game, where you lead a party of m soldiers. Each soldier is characterised by his agility a_i.
The level you are trying to get through can be represented as a straight line segment from point 0 (where you and your squad is ini... |
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This is the hard version of the problem. The difference is the constraint on the sum of lengths of strings and the number of test cases. You can make hacks only if you solve all versions of this task.
You are given a string s, consisting of lowercase E... |
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A monopole magnet is a magnet that only has one pole, either north or south. They don't actually exist since real magnets have two poles, but this is a programming contest problem, so we don't care.
There is an n× m grid. Initially, you may place some ... |
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Polycarp and his friends want to visit a new restaurant. The restaurant has n tables arranged along a straight line. People are already sitting at some tables. The tables are numbered from 1 to n in the order from left to right. The state of the restaur... |
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Uncle Bogdan is in captain Flint's crew for a long time and sometimes gets nostalgic for his homeland. Today he told you how his country introduced a happiness index.
There are n cities and n−1 undirected roads connecting pairs of cities. Citizens of a... |
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You are given two integers a and b.
In one move, you can choose some integer k from 1 to 10 and add it to a or subtract it from a. In other words, you choose an integer k ∈ [1; 10] and perform a := a + k or a := a - k. You may use different values of k... |
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Having learned (not without some help from the Codeforces participants) to play the card game from the previous round optimally, Shrek and Donkey (as you may remember, they too live now in the Kingdom of Far Far Away) have decided to quit the boring car... |
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Gildong's town has a train system that has 100 trains that travel from the bottom end to the top end and 100 trains that travel from the left end to the right end. The trains starting from each side are numbered from 1 to 100, respectively, and all trai... |
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There are n lanterns in a row. The lantern i is placed in position i and has power equal to p_i.
Each lantern can be directed to illuminate either some lanterns to the left or some lanterns to the right. If the i-th lantern is turned to the left, it il... |
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There are n cities numbered from 1 to n, and city i has beauty a_i.
A salesman wants to start at city 1, visit every city exactly once, and return to city 1.
For all i≠ j, a flight from city i to city j costs max(c_i,a_j-a_i) dollars, where c_i is the... |
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Given an integer n, find the maximum value of integer k such that the following condition holds:
n & (n-1) & (n-2) & (n-3) & ... (k) = 0 where & denotes the [bitwise AND operation.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitwise_operation#AND)
Input
The fir... |
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Any resemblance to any real championship and sport is accidental.
The Berland National team takes part in the local Football championship which now has a group stage. Let's describe the formal rules of the local championship:
* the team that kicked... |
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Numbers k-bonacci (k is integer, k > 1) are a generalization of Fibonacci numbers and are determined as follows:
* F(k, n) = 0, for integer n, 1 ≤ n < k;
* F(k, k) = 1;
* F(k, n) = F(k, n - 1) + F(k, n - 2) + ... + F(k, n - k), for integer n, n... |
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A magic number is a number formed by concatenation of numbers 1, 14 and 144. We can use each of these numbers any number of times. Therefore 14144, 141414 and 1411 are magic numbers but 1444, 514 and 414 are not.
You're given a number. Determine if it ... |
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Sereja loves all sorts of algorithms. He has recently come up with a new algorithm, which receives a string as an input. Let's represent the input string of the algorithm as q = q1q2... qk. The algorithm consists of two steps:
1. Find any continuous ... |
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Inna loves sweets very much. That's why she decided to play a game called "Sweet Matrix".
Inna sees an n × m matrix and k candies. We'll index the matrix rows from 1 to n and the matrix columns from 1 to m. We'll represent the cell in the i-th row and ... |
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Developers often face with regular expression patterns. A pattern is usually defined as a string consisting of characters and metacharacters that sets the rules for your search. These patterns are most often used to check whether a particular string mee... |
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Today is Devu's birthday. For celebrating the occasion, he bought n sweets from the nearby market. He has invited his f friends. He would like to distribute the sweets among them. As he is a nice guy and the occasion is great, he doesn't want any friend... |
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One industrial factory is reforming working plan. The director suggested to set a mythical detail production norm. If at the beginning of the day there were x details in the factory storage, then by the end of the day the factory has to produce <image> ... |
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An n × n table a is defined as follows:
* The first row and the first column contain ones, that is: ai, 1 = a1, i = 1 for all i = 1, 2, ..., n.
* Each of the remaining numbers in the table is equal to the sum of the number above it and the number ... |
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Polycarp and Vasiliy love simple logical games. Today they play a game with infinite chessboard and one pawn for each player. Polycarp and Vasiliy move in turns, Polycarp starts. In each turn Polycarp can move his pawn from cell (x, y) to (x - 1, y) or ... |
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The 9-th grade student Gabriel noticed a caterpillar on a tree when walking around in a forest after the classes. The caterpillar was on the height h1 cm from the ground. On the height h2 cm (h2 > h1) on the same tree hung an apple and the caterpillar w... |
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You are given a broken clock. You know, that it is supposed to show time in 12- or 24-hours HH:MM format. In 12-hours format hours change from 1 to 12, while in 24-hours it changes from 0 to 23. In both formats minutes change from 0 to 59.
You are give... |
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Generous sponsors of the olympiad in which Chloe and Vladik took part allowed all the participants to choose a prize for them on their own. Christmas is coming, so sponsors decided to decorate the Christmas tree with their prizes.
They took n prizes f... |
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According to an old legeng, a long time ago Ankh-Morpork residents did something wrong to miss Fortune, and she cursed them. She said that at some time n snacks of distinct sizes will fall on the city, and the residents should build a Snacktower of them... |
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Vladik had started reading a complicated book about algorithms containing n pages. To improve understanding of what is written, his friends advised him to read pages in some order given by permutation P = [p1, p2, ..., pn], where pi denotes the number o... |
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
There are some ambiguities when one writes Berland names with the letters of the Latin alphabet.
For example, the Berland sound u can be written in the Latin alphabet as "u", and can be written as "oo". For this reason, two words "ulyana" and "oolyana"... |
Solve the programming task below in a Python markdown code block.
A family consisting of father bear, mother bear and son bear owns three cars. Father bear can climb into the largest car and he likes it. Also, mother bear can climb into the middle car and she likes it. Moreover, son bear can climb into the smallest ca... |
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