gem_id stringlengths 20 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringlengths 3 59 | context stringlengths 151 3.71k | question stringlengths 1 270 | target stringlengths 1 270 | references list | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-110600 | 57267a6d708984140094c776 | Professional_wrestling | Documentary filmmakers have studied the lives of wrestlers and the effects the profession has on them and their families. The 1999 theatrical documentary Beyond the Mat focused on Terry Funk, a wrestler nearing retirement; Mick Foley, a wrestler within his prime; Jake Roberts, a former star fallen from grace; and a sch... | When did Beyond the Mat come out? | When did Beyond the Mat come out? | [
"When did Beyond the Mat come out? "
] | {
"text": [
"1999"
],
"answer_start": [
126
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110601 | 57267a6d708984140094c777 | Professional_wrestling | Documentary filmmakers have studied the lives of wrestlers and the effects the profession has on them and their families. The 1999 theatrical documentary Beyond the Mat focused on Terry Funk, a wrestler nearing retirement; Mick Foley, a wrestler within his prime; Jake Roberts, a former star fallen from grace; and a sch... | Who hosts Real Sports? | Who hosts Real Sports? | [
"Who hosts Real Sports?"
] | {
"text": [
"Bryant Gumbel"
],
"answer_start": [
617
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110602 | 57267a6d708984140094c778 | Professional_wrestling | Documentary filmmakers have studied the lives of wrestlers and the effects the profession has on them and their families. The 1999 theatrical documentary Beyond the Mat focused on Terry Funk, a wrestler nearing retirement; Mick Foley, a wrestler within his prime; Jake Roberts, a former star fallen from grace; and a sch... | Who are a few wrestlers who have had memoirs written about them? | Who are a few wrestlers who have had memoirs written about them? | [
"Who are a few wrestlers who have had memoirs written about them?"
] | {
"text": [
"Chris Jericho, Rob Van Dam and Roddy Piper"
],
"answer_start": [
1003
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110603 | 57267ae05951b619008f740f | Professional_wrestling | Although professional wrestling is worked, there is a high chance of injury, and even death. Strikes are often stiff, especially in Japan and in independent wrestling promotions such as Combat Zone Wrestling (CZW) and Ring of Honor (ROH). The ring is often made out of 2 by 8 timber planks. Many of the injuries that occ... | What are the risks of wrestling? | What are the risks of wrestling? | [
"What are the risks of wrestling?"
] | {
"text": [
"high chance of injury, and even death"
],
"answer_start": [
54
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110604 | 57267ae05951b619008f7410 | Professional_wrestling | Although professional wrestling is worked, there is a high chance of injury, and even death. Strikes are often stiff, especially in Japan and in independent wrestling promotions such as Combat Zone Wrestling (CZW) and Ring of Honor (ROH). The ring is often made out of 2 by 8 timber planks. Many of the injuries that occ... | What is the ring commonly made of? | What is the ring commonly made of? | [
"What is the ring commonly made of?"
] | {
"text": [
"2 by 8 timber planks"
],
"answer_start": [
269
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110605 | 57267ae05951b619008f7411 | Professional_wrestling | Although professional wrestling is worked, there is a high chance of injury, and even death. Strikes are often stiff, especially in Japan and in independent wrestling promotions such as Combat Zone Wrestling (CZW) and Ring of Honor (ROH). The ring is often made out of 2 by 8 timber planks. Many of the injuries that occ... | What are common injuries in wrestling? | What are common injuries in wrestling? | [
"What are common injuries in wrestling?"
] | {
"text": [
"shoulders, knee, back, neck, and rib injuries"
],
"answer_start": [
344
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110606 | 57267ae05951b619008f7412 | Professional_wrestling | Although professional wrestling is worked, there is a high chance of injury, and even death. Strikes are often stiff, especially in Japan and in independent wrestling promotions such as Combat Zone Wrestling (CZW) and Ring of Honor (ROH). The ring is often made out of 2 by 8 timber planks. Many of the injuries that occ... | What other injuries have been connected with wrestling? | What other injuries have been connected with wrestling? | [
"What other injuries have been connected with wrestling?"
] | {
"text": [
"Chronic traumatic encephalopathy and traumatic brain injuries"
],
"answer_start": [
391
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110607 | 57267ae05951b619008f7413 | Professional_wrestling | Although professional wrestling is worked, there is a high chance of injury, and even death. Strikes are often stiff, especially in Japan and in independent wrestling promotions such as Combat Zone Wrestling (CZW) and Ring of Honor (ROH). The ring is often made out of 2 by 8 timber planks. Many of the injuries that occ... | Chris Benoit was involved in what tragic event? | Chris Benoit was involved in what tragic event? | [
"Chris Benoit was involved in what tragic event? "
] | {
"text": [
"double-murder suicide case"
],
"answer_start": [
510
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110608 | 572fed82947a6a140053ce10 | Iran | Iran (/aɪˈræn/ or i/ɪˈrɑːn/; Persian: Irān – ایران [ʔiːˈɾɒːn] ( listen)), also known as Persia (/ˈpɜːrʒə/ or /ˈpɜːrʃə/), officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (جمهوری اسلامی ایران – Jomhuri ye Eslāmi ye Irān [d͡ʒomhuːˌɾije eslɒːˌmije ʔiːˈɾɒːn]), is a sovereign state in Western Asia. It is bordered to the northwest ... | Which country borders Iran to Iran's northwest? | Which country borders Iran to Iran's northwest? | [
"Which country borders Iran to Iran's northwest?"
] | {
"text": [
"Armenia"
],
"answer_start": [
323
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110609 | 572fed82947a6a140053ce11 | Iran | Iran (/aɪˈræn/ or i/ɪˈrɑːn/; Persian: Irān – ایران [ʔiːˈɾɒːn] ( listen)), also known as Persia (/ˈpɜːrʒə/ or /ˈpɜːrʃə/), officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (جمهوری اسلامی ایران – Jomhuri ye Eslāmi ye Irān [d͡ʒomhuːˌɾije eslɒːˌmije ʔiːˈɾɒːn]), is a sovereign state in Western Asia. It is bordered to the northwest ... | What is Iran's land mass in square miles? | What is Iran's land mass in square miles? | [
"What is Iran's land mass in square miles?"
] | {
"text": [
"636,372 sq mi"
],
"answer_start": [
657
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110610 | 572fed82947a6a140053ce12 | Iran | Iran (/aɪˈræn/ or i/ɪˈrɑːn/; Persian: Irān – ایران [ʔiːˈɾɒːn] ( listen)), also known as Persia (/ˈpɜːrʒə/ or /ˈpɜːrʃə/), officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (جمهوری اسلامی ایران – Jomhuri ye Eslāmi ye Irān [d͡ʒomhuːˌɾije eslɒːˌmije ʔiːˈɾɒːn]), is a sovereign state in Western Asia. It is bordered to the northwest ... | How many people live in Iran? | How many people live in Iran? | [
"How many people live in Iran?"
] | {
"text": [
"78.4 million"
],
"answer_start": [
765
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110611 | 572fed82947a6a140053ce13 | Iran | Iran (/aɪˈræn/ or i/ɪˈrɑːn/; Persian: Irān – ایران [ʔiːˈɾɒːn] ( listen)), also known as Persia (/ˈpɜːrʒə/ or /ˈpɜːrʃə/), officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (جمهوری اسلامی ایران – Jomhuri ye Eslāmi ye Irān [d͡ʒomhuːˌɾije eslɒːˌmije ʔiːˈɾɒːn]), is a sovereign state in Western Asia. It is bordered to the northwest ... | What is the unofficial name for Iran? | What is the unofficial name for Iran? | [
"What is the unofficial name for Iran?"
] | {
"text": [
"Persia"
],
"answer_start": [
90
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110612 | 572fed82947a6a140053ce14 | Iran | Iran (/aɪˈræn/ or i/ɪˈrɑːn/; Persian: Irān – ایران [ʔiːˈɾɒːn] ( listen)), also known as Persia (/ˈpɜːrʒə/ or /ˈpɜːrʃə/), officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (جمهوری اسلامی ایران – Jomhuri ye Eslāmi ye Irān [d͡ʒomhuːˌɾije eslɒːˌmije ʔiːˈɾɒːn]), is a sovereign state in Western Asia. It is bordered to the northwest ... | What is Iran's official country name? | What is Iran's official country name? | [
"What is Iran's official country name?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Islamic Republic of Iran"
],
"answer_start": [
134
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110613 | 572fee8db2c2fd14005685ff | Iran | Iran is home to one of the world's oldest civilizations, beginning with the formation of the Proto-Elamite and Elamite kingdoms in 3200–2800 BC. The Iranian Medes unified the area into the first of many empires in 625 BC, after which it became the dominant cultural and political power in the region. Iran reached the pi... | What civilizations formed in Iran during 3200-2800 BC? | What civilizations formed in Iran during 3200-2800 BC? | [
"What civilizations formed in Iran during 3200-2800 BC?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Proto-Elamite and Elamite kingdoms"
],
"answer_start": [
89
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110614 | 572fee8db2c2fd1400568600 | Iran | Iran is home to one of the world's oldest civilizations, beginning with the formation of the Proto-Elamite and Elamite kingdoms in 3200–2800 BC. The Iranian Medes unified the area into the first of many empires in 625 BC, after which it became the dominant cultural and political power in the region. Iran reached the pi... | When did the Iranian Medes first unify an empire in the area? | When did the Iranian Medes first unify an empire in the area? | [
"When did the Iranian Medes first unify an empire in the area?"
] | {
"text": [
"625 BC"
],
"answer_start": [
214
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110615 | 572fee8db2c2fd1400568601 | Iran | Iran is home to one of the world's oldest civilizations, beginning with the formation of the Proto-Elamite and Elamite kingdoms in 3200–2800 BC. The Iranian Medes unified the area into the first of many empires in 625 BC, after which it became the dominant cultural and political power in the region. Iran reached the pi... | Who found the Archaemenid Empire in 550 BC? | Who found the Archaemenid Empire in 550 BC? | [
"Who found the Archaemenid Empire in 550 BC?"
] | {
"text": [
"Cyrus the Great"
],
"answer_start": [
380
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110616 | 572fee8db2c2fd1400568602 | Iran | Iran is home to one of the world's oldest civilizations, beginning with the formation of the Proto-Elamite and Elamite kingdoms in 3200–2800 BC. The Iranian Medes unified the area into the first of many empires in 625 BC, after which it became the dominant cultural and political power in the region. Iran reached the pi... | When did the Archaemenid Empire collapse? | When did the Archaemenid Empire collapse? | [
"When did the Archaemenid Empire collapse?"
] | {
"text": [
"330 BC"
],
"answer_start": [
706
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110617 | 572fee8db2c2fd1400568603 | Iran | Iran is home to one of the world's oldest civilizations, beginning with the formation of the Proto-Elamite and Elamite kingdoms in 3200–2800 BC. The Iranian Medes unified the area into the first of many empires in 625 BC, after which it became the dominant cultural and political power in the region. Iran reached the pi... | Who ended the Archaemenid Empire by conquest in 330 BC? | Who ended the Archaemenid Empire by conquest in 330 BC? | [
"Who ended the Archaemenid Empire by conquest in 330 BC?"
] | {
"text": [
"Alexander the Great"
],
"answer_start": [
740
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110618 | 572fefaeb2c2fd1400568609 | Iran | In 633 AD, Rashidun Arabs invaded Iran and conquered it by 651 AD, largely converting Iranian people from their indigenous faiths of Manichaeism and Zoroastrianism to Sunni Islam. Arabic replaced Persian as the official language, while Persian remained the language of both ordinary people and of literature. Iran became... | What year did the Rashidun Arabs invade Iran? | What year did the Rashidun Arabs invade Iran? | [
"What year did the Rashidun Arabs invade Iran?"
] | {
"text": [
"633 AD"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110619 | 572fefaeb2c2fd140056860a | Iran | In 633 AD, Rashidun Arabs invaded Iran and conquered it by 651 AD, largely converting Iranian people from their indigenous faiths of Manichaeism and Zoroastrianism to Sunni Islam. Arabic replaced Persian as the official language, while Persian remained the language of both ordinary people and of literature. Iran became... | What year did the Rashidun Arabs conquer Iran? | What year did the Rashidun Arabs conquer Iran? | [
"What year did the Rashidun Arabs conquer Iran?"
] | {
"text": [
"651 AD"
],
"answer_start": [
59
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110620 | 572fefaeb2c2fd140056860b | Iran | In 633 AD, Rashidun Arabs invaded Iran and conquered it by 651 AD, largely converting Iranian people from their indigenous faiths of Manichaeism and Zoroastrianism to Sunni Islam. Arabic replaced Persian as the official language, while Persian remained the language of both ordinary people and of literature. Iran became... | What religion did the Rashidun Arabs convert the indigenous conquered peoples to? | What religion did the Rashidun Arabs convert the indigenous conquered peoples to? | [
"What religion did the Rashidun Arabs convert the indigenous conquered peoples to? "
] | {
"text": [
"Sunni Islam"
],
"answer_start": [
167
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110621 | 572fefaeb2c2fd140056860c | Iran | In 633 AD, Rashidun Arabs invaded Iran and conquered it by 651 AD, largely converting Iranian people from their indigenous faiths of Manichaeism and Zoroastrianism to Sunni Islam. Arabic replaced Persian as the official language, while Persian remained the language of both ordinary people and of literature. Iran became... | Which country took over Iran's territories in the Caucasus in the 19th Century? | Which country took over Iran's territories in the Caucasus in the 19th Century? | [
"Which country took over Iran's territories in the Caucasus in the 19th Century?"
] | {
"text": [
"Imperial Russia"
],
"answer_start": [
1083
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110622 | 572fefaeb2c2fd140056860d | Iran | In 633 AD, Rashidun Arabs invaded Iran and conquered it by 651 AD, largely converting Iranian people from their indigenous faiths of Manichaeism and Zoroastrianism to Sunni Islam. Arabic replaced Persian as the official language, while Persian remained the language of both ordinary people and of literature. Iran became... | What movement led to Iran becoming an Islamic republic in 1979? | What movement led to Iran becoming an Islamic republic in 1979? | [
"What movement led to Iran becoming an Islamic republic in 1979?"
] | {
"text": [
"1979 Revolution"
],
"answer_start": [
1555
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110623 | 572ff0a2947a6a140053ce36 | Iran | Tehran is the country's capital and largest city, as well as its leading cultural and economic center. Iran is a major regional and middle power, exerting considerable influence in international energy security and the world economy through its large reserves of fossil fuels, which include the largest natural gas suppl... | What city is Iran's capital? | What city is Iran's capital? | [
"What city is Iran's capital?"
] | {
"text": [
"Tehran"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110624 | 572ff0a2947a6a140053ce37 | Iran | Tehran is the country's capital and largest city, as well as its leading cultural and economic center. Iran is a major regional and middle power, exerting considerable influence in international energy security and the world economy through its large reserves of fossil fuels, which include the largest natural gas suppl... | What resource does Iran have the largest supply of in the world? | What resource does Iran have the largest supply of in the world? | [
"What resource does Iran have the largest supply of in the world?"
] | {
"text": [
"natural gas"
],
"answer_start": [
303
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110625 | 572ff0a2947a6a140053ce38 | Iran | Tehran is the country's capital and largest city, as well as its leading cultural and economic center. Iran is a major regional and middle power, exerting considerable influence in international energy security and the world economy through its large reserves of fossil fuels, which include the largest natural gas suppl... | What resource does Iran have the fourth largest supply of in the world? | What resource does Iran have the fourth largest supply of in the world? | [
"What resource does Iran have the fourth largest supply of in the world?"
] | {
"text": [
"proven oil reserves"
],
"answer_start": [
358
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110626 | 572ff0a2947a6a140053ce39 | Iran | Tehran is the country's capital and largest city, as well as its leading cultural and economic center. Iran is a major regional and middle power, exerting considerable influence in international energy security and the world economy through its large reserves of fossil fuels, which include the largest natural gas suppl... | How many UNESCO World Heritage Sites does Iran have? | How many UNESCO World Heritage Sites does Iran have? | [
"How many UNESCO World Heritage Sites does Iran have?"
] | {
"text": [
"19"
],
"answer_start": [
435
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110627 | 572ff0a2947a6a140053ce3a | Iran | Tehran is the country's capital and largest city, as well as its leading cultural and economic center. Iran is a major regional and middle power, exerting considerable influence in international energy security and the world economy through its large reserves of fossil fuels, which include the largest natural gas suppl... | How does Iran effect the world economy and international energy markets? | How does Iran effect the world economy and international energy markets? | [
"How does Iran effect the world economy and international energy markets?"
] | {
"text": [
"through its large reserves of fossil fuels"
],
"answer_start": [
233
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110628 | 572ff27bb2c2fd1400568627 | Iran | The term Iran derives directly from Middle Persian Ērān, first attested in a 3rd-century inscription at Rustam Relief, with the accompanying Parthian inscription using the term Aryān, in reference to Iranians. The Middle Iranian ērān and aryān are oblique plural forms of gentilic ēr- (Middle Persian) and ary- (Parthian... | What century did terms referencing Iran begin to be recorded? | What century did terms referencing Iran begin to be recorded? | [
"What century did terms referencing Iran begin to be recorded?"
] | {
"text": [
"3rd-century"
],
"answer_start": [
77
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110629 | 572ff27bb2c2fd1400568628 | Iran | The term Iran derives directly from Middle Persian Ērān, first attested in a 3rd-century inscription at Rustam Relief, with the accompanying Parthian inscription using the term Aryān, in reference to Iranians. The Middle Iranian ērān and aryān are oblique plural forms of gentilic ēr- (Middle Persian) and ary- (Parthian... | What inscription referenced the term Aryan to Iranians? | What inscription referenced the term Aryan to Iranians? | [
"What inscription referenced the term Aryan to Iranians?"
] | {
"text": [
"Parthian"
],
"answer_start": [
141
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110630 | 572ff27bb2c2fd1400568629 | Iran | The term Iran derives directly from Middle Persian Ērān, first attested in a 3rd-century inscription at Rustam Relief, with the accompanying Parthian inscription using the term Aryān, in reference to Iranians. The Middle Iranian ērān and aryān are oblique plural forms of gentilic ēr- (Middle Persian) and ary- (Parthian... | What Proto-Indo-European term means "skillful assembler?" | What Proto-Indo-European term means "skillful assembler?" | [
"What Proto-Indo-European term means \"skillful assembler?\""
] | {
"text": [
"*ar-yo-"
],
"answer_start": [
450
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110631 | 572ff27bb2c2fd140056862a | Iran | The term Iran derives directly from Middle Persian Ērān, first attested in a 3rd-century inscription at Rustam Relief, with the accompanying Parthian inscription using the term Aryān, in reference to Iranians. The Middle Iranian ērān and aryān are oblique plural forms of gentilic ēr- (Middle Persian) and ary- (Parthian... | What other term in the 3rd Century besides Aryan also refer to Iran? | What other term in the 3rd Century besides Aryan also refer to Iran? | [
"What other term in the 3rd Century besides Aryan also refer to Iran?"
] | {
"text": [
"Ērān"
],
"answer_start": [
51
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110632 | 572ff27bb2c2fd140056862b | Iran | The term Iran derives directly from Middle Persian Ērān, first attested in a 3rd-century inscription at Rustam Relief, with the accompanying Parthian inscription using the term Aryān, in reference to Iranians. The Middle Iranian ērān and aryān are oblique plural forms of gentilic ēr- (Middle Persian) and ary- (Parthian... | What is attested as a self-identifier in Iranian languages? | What is attested as a self-identifier in Iranian languages? | [
"What is attested as a self-identifier in Iranian languages?"
] | {
"text": [
"the gentilic"
],
"answer_start": [
511
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110633 | 572ff3e2947a6a140053ce70 | Iran | Historically, Iran has been referred to as Persia by the West, due mainly to the writings of Greek historians who called Iran Persis (Greek: Περσίς), meaning "land of the Persians." As the most extensive interactions the Ancient Greeks had with any outsider was with the Persians, the term persisted, even long after the... | Which historians referred to Iran as Persis? | Which historians referred to Iran as Persis? | [
"Which historians referred to Iran as Persis?"
] | {
"text": [
"Greek historians"
],
"answer_start": [
93
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110634 | 572ff3e2947a6a140053ce71 | Iran | Historically, Iran has been referred to as Persia by the West, due mainly to the writings of Greek historians who called Iran Persis (Greek: Περσίς), meaning "land of the Persians." As the most extensive interactions the Ancient Greeks had with any outsider was with the Persians, the term persisted, even long after the... | What has the West historically referred Iran as? | What has the West historically referred Iran as? | [
"What has the West historically referred Iran as?"
] | {
"text": [
"Persia"
],
"answer_start": [
43
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110635 | 572ff3e2947a6a140053ce72 | Iran | Historically, Iran has been referred to as Persia by the West, due mainly to the writings of Greek historians who called Iran Persis (Greek: Περσίς), meaning "land of the Persians." As the most extensive interactions the Ancient Greeks had with any outsider was with the Persians, the term persisted, even long after the... | When did Persians settle on the west shore of Lake Urmia? | When did Persians settle on the west shore of Lake Urmia? | [
"When did Persians settle on the west shore of Lake Urmia?"
] | {
"text": [
"the 9th century BC"
],
"answer_start": [
497
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110636 | 572ff3e2947a6a140053ce73 | Iran | Historically, Iran has been referred to as Persia by the West, due mainly to the writings of Greek historians who called Iran Persis (Greek: Περσίς), meaning "land of the Persians." As the most extensive interactions the Ancient Greeks had with any outsider was with the Persians, the term persisted, even long after the... | After Lake Urmia, Persis then shifted over to what region? | After Lake Urmia, Persis then shifted over to what region? | [
"After Lake Urmia, Persis then shifted over to what region?"
] | {
"text": [
"the southern end of the Zagros Mountains,"
],
"answer_start": [
552
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110637 | 572ff3e2947a6a140053ce74 | Iran | Historically, Iran has been referred to as Persia by the West, due mainly to the writings of Greek historians who called Iran Persis (Greek: Περσίς), meaning "land of the Persians." As the most extensive interactions the Ancient Greeks had with any outsider was with the Persians, the term persisted, even long after the... | What is Persis known as today? | What is Persis known as today? | [
"What is Persis known as today?"
] | {
"text": [
"Fars Province"
],
"answer_start": [
618
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110638 | 572ff633a23a5019007fcbbb | Iran | In 1935, Reza Shah requested the international community to refer to the country by its native name, Iran. As the New York Times explained at the time, "At the suggestion of the Persian Legation in Berlin, the Tehran government, on the Persian New Year, Nowruz, March 21, 1935, substituted Iran for Persia as the officia... | When did Reza Shan request that Iran officially be referred to as Iran and not Persia? | When did Reza Shan request that Iran officially be referred to as Iran and not Persia? | [
"When did Reza Shan request that Iran officially be referred to as Iran and not Persia?"
] | {
"text": [
"1935"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110639 | 572ff633a23a5019007fcbbc | Iran | In 1935, Reza Shah requested the international community to refer to the country by its native name, Iran. As the New York Times explained at the time, "At the suggestion of the Persian Legation in Berlin, the Tehran government, on the Persian New Year, Nowruz, March 21, 1935, substituted Iran for Persia as the officia... | Which newspaper reported the official name request in 1935? | Which newspaper reported the official name request in 1935? | [
"Which newspaper reported the official name request in 1935?"
] | {
"text": [
"New York Times"
],
"answer_start": [
114
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110640 | 572ff633a23a5019007fcbbd | Iran | In 1935, Reza Shah requested the international community to refer to the country by its native name, Iran. As the New York Times explained at the time, "At the suggestion of the Persian Legation in Berlin, the Tehran government, on the Persian New Year, Nowruz, March 21, 1935, substituted Iran for Persia as the officia... | Who endorsed a move to use Persia and Iran interchangeably after opposition to the official name change? | Who endorsed a move to use Persia and Iran interchangeably after opposition to the official name change? | [
"Who endorsed a move to use Persia and Iran interchangeably after opposition to the official name change?"
] | {
"text": [
"Professor Ehsan Yarshater"
],
"answer_start": [
415
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110641 | 572ff633a23a5019007fcbbe | Iran | In 1935, Reza Shah requested the international community to refer to the country by its native name, Iran. As the New York Times explained at the time, "At the suggestion of the Persian Legation in Berlin, the Tehran government, on the Persian New Year, Nowruz, March 21, 1935, substituted Iran for Persia as the officia... | Which name is officially used politically? | Which name is officially used politically? | [
"Which name is officially used politically?"
] | {
"text": [
"Iran"
],
"answer_start": [
601
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110642 | 572ff7df947a6a140053cea2 | Iran | The earliest archaeological artifacts in Iran, like those excavated at the Kashafrud and Ganj Par sites, attest to a human presence in Iran since the Lower Paleolithic era, c. 800,000–200,000 BC. Iran's Neanderthal artifacts from the Middle Paleolithic period, c. 200,000–40,000 BC, have been found mainly in the Zagros ... | How long ago were the earliest artifacts from that were evidence of humans in Iran? | How long ago were the earliest artifacts from that were evidence of humans in Iran? | [
"How long ago were the earliest artifacts from that were evidence of humans in Iran?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Lower Paleolithic era, c. 800,000–200,000 BC"
],
"answer_start": [
146
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110643 | 572ff7df947a6a140053cea3 | Iran | The earliest archaeological artifacts in Iran, like those excavated at the Kashafrud and Ganj Par sites, attest to a human presence in Iran since the Lower Paleolithic era, c. 800,000–200,000 BC. Iran's Neanderthal artifacts from the Middle Paleolithic period, c. 200,000–40,000 BC, have been found mainly in the Zagros ... | What region of Iran did Neanderthal artifacts from the Middle Paleolithic Period were found? | What region of Iran did Neanderthal artifacts from the Middle Paleolithic Period were found? | [
"What region of Iran did Neanderthal artifacts from the Middle Paleolithic Period were found?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Zagros region"
],
"answer_start": [
309
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110644 | 572ff7df947a6a140053cea4 | Iran | The earliest archaeological artifacts in Iran, like those excavated at the Kashafrud and Ganj Par sites, attest to a human presence in Iran since the Lower Paleolithic era, c. 800,000–200,000 BC. Iran's Neanderthal artifacts from the Middle Paleolithic period, c. 200,000–40,000 BC, have been found mainly in the Zagros ... | When did early agricultural communities in Iran begin to appear and prosper? | When did early agricultural communities in Iran begin to appear and prosper? | [
"When did early agricultural communities in Iran begin to appear and prosper?"
] | {
"text": [
"10th to 8th millennium BC"
],
"answer_start": [
390
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110645 | 572ff7df947a6a140053cea5 | Iran | The earliest archaeological artifacts in Iran, like those excavated at the Kashafrud and Ganj Par sites, attest to a human presence in Iran since the Lower Paleolithic era, c. 800,000–200,000 BC. Iran's Neanderthal artifacts from the Middle Paleolithic period, c. 200,000–40,000 BC, have been found mainly in the Zagros ... | What were dug up from the archaeological sites Kashafrud and Ganj Par in Iran? | What were dug up from the archaeological sites Kashafrud and Ganj Par in Iran? | [
"What were dug up from the archaeological sites Kashafrud and Ganj Par in Iran?"
] | {
"text": [
"The earliest archaeological artifacts in Iran"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110646 | 572ff927947a6a140053cebe | Iran | The emergence of Susa as a city, as determined by radiocarbon dating, dates back to early 4,395 BC. There are dozens of prehistoric sites across the Iranian plateau, pointing to the existence of ancient cultures and urban settlements in the 4th millennium BC. During the Bronze Age, Iran was home to several civilization... | What ancient city dates back as early as 4395 BC in Iran? | What ancient city dates back as early as 4395 BC in Iran? | [
"What ancient city dates back as early as 4395 BC in Iran?"
] | {
"text": [
"Susa"
],
"answer_start": [
17
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110647 | 572ff927947a6a140053cebf | Iran | The emergence of Susa as a city, as determined by radiocarbon dating, dates back to early 4,395 BC. There are dozens of prehistoric sites across the Iranian plateau, pointing to the existence of ancient cultures and urban settlements in the 4th millennium BC. During the Bronze Age, Iran was home to several civilization... | How long ago did ancient cultures and settlements exist across the Iranian plateau? | How long ago did ancient cultures and settlements exist across the Iranian plateau? | [
"How long ago did ancient cultures and settlements exist across the Iranian plateau?"
] | {
"text": [
"the 4th millennium BC"
],
"answer_start": [
237
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110648 | 572ff927947a6a140053cec0 | Iran | The emergence of Susa as a city, as determined by radiocarbon dating, dates back to early 4,395 BC. There are dozens of prehistoric sites across the Iranian plateau, pointing to the existence of ancient cultures and urban settlements in the 4th millennium BC. During the Bronze Age, Iran was home to several civilization... | During what Age was Iran the site of several of these ancient civilizations? | During what Age was Iran the site of several of these ancient civilizations? | [
"During what Age was Iran the site of several of these ancient civilizations?"
] | {
"text": [
"Bronze Age"
],
"answer_start": [
271
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110649 | 572ff927947a6a140053cec1 | Iran | The emergence of Susa as a city, as determined by radiocarbon dating, dates back to early 4,395 BC. There are dozens of prehistoric sites across the Iranian plateau, pointing to the existence of ancient cultures and urban settlements in the 4th millennium BC. During the Bronze Age, Iran was home to several civilization... | Which ancient civilization in Iran during the 4th Millenium was the most prominent? | Which ancient civilization in Iran during the 4th Millenium was the most prominent? | [
"Which ancient civilization in Iran during the 4th Millenium was the most prominent?"
] | {
"text": [
"Elam"
],
"answer_start": [
365
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110650 | 572ff927947a6a140053cec2 | Iran | The emergence of Susa as a city, as determined by radiocarbon dating, dates back to early 4,395 BC. There are dozens of prehistoric sites across the Iranian plateau, pointing to the existence of ancient cultures and urban settlements in the 4th millennium BC. During the Bronze Age, Iran was home to several civilization... | Elam's writing system had paralleled Sumer's cuneiform since what era? | Elam's writing system had paralleled Sumer's cuneiform since what era? | [
"Elam's writing system had paralleled Sumer's cuneiform since what era?"
] | {
"text": [
"the 3rd millennium BC"
],
"answer_start": [
586
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110651 | 572ffa37947a6a140053cec8 | Iran | From the late 10th to late 7th centuries BC, the Iranian peoples, together with the pre-Iranian kingdoms, fell under the domination of the Assyrian Empire, based in northern Mesopotamia. Under king Cyaxares, the Medes and Persians entered into an alliance with Nabopolassar of Babylon, as well as the Scythians and the C... | Who dominated the area of Irea between the 10th Century BC to the late 7th Century BC? | Who dominated the area of Irea between the 10th Century BC to the late 7th Century BC? | [
"Who dominated the area of Irea between the 10th Century BC to the late 7th Century BC?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Assyrian Empire"
],
"answer_start": [
135
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110652 | 572ffa37947a6a140053cec9 | Iran | From the late 10th to late 7th centuries BC, the Iranian peoples, together with the pre-Iranian kingdoms, fell under the domination of the Assyrian Empire, based in northern Mesopotamia. Under king Cyaxares, the Medes and Persians entered into an alliance with Nabopolassar of Babylon, as well as the Scythians and the C... | Who lead the Persians into a coalition with the Medes, Babylon, Scythians, and Cimmerians to fight against the Assyrians? | Who lead the Persians into a coalition with the Medes, Babylon, Scythians, and Cimmerians to fight against the Assyrians? | [
"Who lead the Persians into a coalition with the Medes, Babylon, Scythians, and Cimmerians to fight against the Assyrians?"
] | {
"text": [
"king Cyaxares"
],
"answer_start": [
193
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110653 | 572ffa37947a6a140053ceca | Iran | From the late 10th to late 7th centuries BC, the Iranian peoples, together with the pre-Iranian kingdoms, fell under the domination of the Assyrian Empire, based in northern Mesopotamia. Under king Cyaxares, the Medes and Persians entered into an alliance with Nabopolassar of Babylon, as well as the Scythians and the C... | When did this Civil War take place to free the Iranian peoples from Assyrian rule? | When did this Civil War take place to free the Iranian peoples from Assyrian rule? | [
"When did this Civil War take place to free the Iranian peoples from Assyrian rule?"
] | {
"text": [
"between 616 BC and 605 BC"
],
"answer_start": [
421
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110654 | 572ffa37947a6a140053cecb | Iran | From the late 10th to late 7th centuries BC, the Iranian peoples, together with the pre-Iranian kingdoms, fell under the domination of the Assyrian Empire, based in northern Mesopotamia. Under king Cyaxares, the Medes and Persians entered into an alliance with Nabopolassar of Babylon, as well as the Scythians and the C... | How long did the Assyrian Empire control and rule Iran? | How long did the Assyrian Empire control and rule Iran? | [
"How long did the Assyrian Empire control and rule Iran?"
] | {
"text": [
"three centuries"
],
"answer_start": [
491
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110655 | 572ffa37947a6a140053cecc | Iran | From the late 10th to late 7th centuries BC, the Iranian peoples, together with the pre-Iranian kingdoms, fell under the domination of the Assyrian Empire, based in northern Mesopotamia. Under king Cyaxares, the Medes and Persians entered into an alliance with Nabopolassar of Babylon, as well as the Scythians and the C... | When did the Median tribes unify under a single ruler to form the Median Empire? | When did the Median tribes unify under a single ruler to form the Median Empire? | [
"When did the Median tribes unify under a single ruler to form the Median Empire?"
] | {
"text": [
"728 BC"
],
"answer_start": [
586
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110656 | 572ffbc2b2c2fd14005686d3 | Iran | In 550 BC, Cyrus the Great, son of Mandane and Cambyses I, took over the Median Empire, and founded the Achaemenid Empire by unifying other city states. The conquest of Media was a result of what is called the Persian Revolt. The brouhaha was initially triggered by the actions of the Median ruler Astyages, and was quic... | Who founded the Achaemenid Empire when the city states in Iran came together in unification? | Who founded the Achaemenid Empire when the city states in Iran came together in unification? | [
"Who founded the Achaemenid Empire when the city states in Iran came together in unification?"
] | {
"text": [
"Cyrus the Great"
],
"answer_start": [
11
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110657 | 572ffbc2b2c2fd14005686d4 | Iran | In 550 BC, Cyrus the Great, son of Mandane and Cambyses I, took over the Median Empire, and founded the Achaemenid Empire by unifying other city states. The conquest of Media was a result of what is called the Persian Revolt. The brouhaha was initially triggered by the actions of the Median ruler Astyages, and was quic... | When did Cyrus the Great found the Achaemenid Empire? | When did Cyrus the Great found the Achaemenid Empire? | [
"When did Cyrus the Great found the Achaemenid Empire?"
] | {
"text": [
"550 BC"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110658 | 572ffbc2b2c2fd14005686d5 | Iran | In 550 BC, Cyrus the Great, son of Mandane and Cambyses I, took over the Median Empire, and founded the Achaemenid Empire by unifying other city states. The conquest of Media was a result of what is called the Persian Revolt. The brouhaha was initially triggered by the actions of the Median ruler Astyages, and was quic... | Who triggered the Persian Revolt? | Who triggered the Persian Revolt? | [
"Who triggered the Persian Revolt? "
] | {
"text": [
"the Median ruler Astyages"
],
"answer_start": [
281
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110659 | 572ffbc2b2c2fd14005686d6 | Iran | In 550 BC, Cyrus the Great, son of Mandane and Cambyses I, took over the Median Empire, and founded the Achaemenid Empire by unifying other city states. The conquest of Media was a result of what is called the Persian Revolt. The brouhaha was initially triggered by the actions of the Median ruler Astyages, and was quic... | What resulted from the Persian Revolt? | What resulted from the Persian Revolt? | [
"What resulted from the Persian Revolt?"
] | {
"text": [
"The conquest of Media"
],
"answer_start": [
153
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110660 | 572ffd1b04bcaa1900d76fbd | Iran | At its greatest extent, the Achaemenid Empire included the modern territories of Iran, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia, Turkey, much of the Black Sea coastal regions, northeastern Greece and southern Bulgaria (Thrace), northern Greece and Macedonia (Paeonia and Ancient Macedon), Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, Israel, Pales... | What was the first world goverment the world had seen at the time it existed? | What was the first world goverment the world had seen at the time it existed? | [
"What was the first world goverment the world had seen at the time it existed?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Achaemenid Empire"
],
"answer_start": [
24
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110661 | 572ffd1b04bcaa1900d76fbe | Iran | At its greatest extent, the Achaemenid Empire included the modern territories of Iran, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia, Turkey, much of the Black Sea coastal regions, northeastern Greece and southern Bulgaria (Thrace), northern Greece and Macedonia (Paeonia and Ancient Macedon), Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, Israel, Pales... | What was the largest empire the world had seen at the time it existed? | What was the largest empire the world had seen at the time it existed? | [
"What was the largest empire the world had seen at the time it existed?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Achaemenid Empire"
],
"answer_start": [
24
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110662 | 572ffd1b04bcaa1900d76fbf | Iran | At its greatest extent, the Achaemenid Empire included the modern territories of Iran, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia, Turkey, much of the Black Sea coastal regions, northeastern Greece and southern Bulgaria (Thrace), northern Greece and Macedonia (Paeonia and Ancient Macedon), Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, Israel, Pales... | What sea did the Achaemenid Empire control the majority of the coastal regions of? | What sea did the Achaemenid Empire control the majority of the coastal regions of? | [
"What sea did the Achaemenid Empire control the majority of the coastal regions of?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Black Sea"
],
"answer_start": [
133
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110663 | 572ffd1b04bcaa1900d76fc0 | Iran | At its greatest extent, the Achaemenid Empire included the modern territories of Iran, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia, Turkey, much of the Black Sea coastal regions, northeastern Greece and southern Bulgaria (Thrace), northern Greece and Macedonia (Paeonia and Ancient Macedon), Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, Israel, Pales... | The Achaemenid Empire expanded into what part of Asia? | The Achaemenid Empire expanded into what part of Asia? | [
"The Achaemenid Empire expanded into what part of Asia?"
] | {
"text": [
"Central Asia"
],
"answer_start": [
501
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110664 | 572ffd1b04bcaa1900d76fc1 | Iran | At its greatest extent, the Achaemenid Empire included the modern territories of Iran, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia, Turkey, much of the Black Sea coastal regions, northeastern Greece and southern Bulgaria (Thrace), northern Greece and Macedonia (Paeonia and Ancient Macedon), Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, Israel, Pales... | The Achaemenid Empire controlled all of the significant settlements of what ancient country during its greatest extent? | The Achaemenid Empire controlled all of the significant settlements of what ancient country during its greatest extent? | [
"The Achaemenid Empire controlled all of the significant settlements of what ancient country during its greatest extent?"
] | {
"text": [
"ancient Egypt"
],
"answer_start": [
372
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110665 | 572ffe22947a6a140053cf0a | Iran | It is estimated that in 480 BC, 50 million people lived in the Achaemenid Empire. The empire at its peak ruled over 44% of the world's population, the highest such figure for any empire in history. In Greek history, the Achaemenid Empire is considered as the antagonist of the Greek city states, for the emancipation of ... | The Achaemenid Empire was the known enemy of what nation's histories during its existence? | The Achaemenid Empire was the known enemy of what nation's histories during its existence? | [
"The Achaemenid Empire was the known enemy of what nation's histories during its existence?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Greek city states"
],
"answer_start": [
273
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110666 | 572ffe22947a6a140053cf0b | Iran | It is estimated that in 480 BC, 50 million people lived in the Achaemenid Empire. The empire at its peak ruled over 44% of the world's population, the highest such figure for any empire in history. In Greek history, the Achaemenid Empire is considered as the antagonist of the Greek city states, for the emancipation of ... | How many people lived in the Archaemenid Empire in 480BC? | How many people lived in the Archaemenid Empire in 480BC? | [
"How many people lived in the Archaemenid Empire in 480BC?"
] | {
"text": [
"50 million people"
],
"answer_start": [
32
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110667 | 572ffe22947a6a140053cf0c | Iran | It is estimated that in 480 BC, 50 million people lived in the Achaemenid Empire. The empire at its peak ruled over 44% of the world's population, the highest such figure for any empire in history. In Greek history, the Achaemenid Empire is considered as the antagonist of the Greek city states, for the emancipation of ... | The Achaemenid Empire had what percentage of the word's population in 480BC? | The Achaemenid Empire had what percentage of the word's population in 480BC? | [
"The Achaemenid Empire had what percentage of the word's population in 480BC?"
] | {
"text": [
"44% of the world's population"
],
"answer_start": [
116
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110668 | 572ffe22947a6a140053cf0d | Iran | It is estimated that in 480 BC, 50 million people lived in the Achaemenid Empire. The empire at its peak ruled over 44% of the world's population, the highest such figure for any empire in history. In Greek history, the Achaemenid Empire is considered as the antagonist of the Greek city states, for the emancipation of ... | What was the Achaemenid Empire's official language? | What was the Achaemenid Empire's official language? | [
"What was the Achaemenid Empire's official language?"
] | {
"text": [
"Imperial Aramaic"
],
"answer_start": [
466
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110669 | 572ffe22947a6a140053cf0e | Iran | It is estimated that in 480 BC, 50 million people lived in the Achaemenid Empire. The empire at its peak ruled over 44% of the world's population, the highest such figure for any empire in history. In Greek history, the Achaemenid Empire is considered as the antagonist of the Greek city states, for the emancipation of ... | What Seven Wonder of the Ancient world was built by the Archaemenid Empire in the 4th Century BC? | What Seven Wonder of the Ancient world was built by the Archaemenid Empire in the 4th Century BC? | [
"What Seven Wonder of the Ancient world was built by the Archaemenid Empire in the 4th Century BC?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus"
],
"answer_start": [
745
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110670 | 572ffeec04bcaa1900d76fdb | Iran | In 334 BC, Alexander the Great invaded the Achaemenid Empire, defeating the last Achaemenid emperor, Darius III, at the Battle of Issus. Following the premature death of Alexander, Iran came under the control of the Hellenistic Seleucid Empire. In the middle of the 2nd century BC, the Parthian Empire rose to become the... | Who invaded the Archaemenid Empire in 334BC? | Who invaded the Archaemenid Empire in 334BC? | [
"Who invaded the Archaemenid Empire in 334BC?"
] | {
"text": [
"Alexander the Great"
],
"answer_start": [
11
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110671 | 572ffeec04bcaa1900d76fdc | Iran | In 334 BC, Alexander the Great invaded the Achaemenid Empire, defeating the last Achaemenid emperor, Darius III, at the Battle of Issus. Following the premature death of Alexander, Iran came under the control of the Hellenistic Seleucid Empire. In the middle of the 2nd century BC, the Parthian Empire rose to become the... | Who was the last Archaemenid Emperor at the time of its defeat by Alexander the Great? | Who was the last Archaemenid Emperor at the time of its defeat by Alexander the Great? | [
"Who was the last Archaemenid Emperor at the time of its defeat by Alexander the Great?"
] | {
"text": [
"Darius III"
],
"answer_start": [
101
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110672 | 572ffeec04bcaa1900d76fdd | Iran | In 334 BC, Alexander the Great invaded the Achaemenid Empire, defeating the last Achaemenid emperor, Darius III, at the Battle of Issus. Following the premature death of Alexander, Iran came under the control of the Hellenistic Seleucid Empire. In the middle of the 2nd century BC, the Parthian Empire rose to become the... | Who controlled the Archaemenid Empire after Alexander the Great died prematurely? | Who controlled the Archaemenid Empire after Alexander the Great died prematurely? | [
"Who controlled the Archaemenid Empire after Alexander the Great died prematurely?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Hellenistic Seleucid Empire"
],
"answer_start": [
212
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110673 | 572ffeec04bcaa1900d76fde | Iran | In 334 BC, Alexander the Great invaded the Achaemenid Empire, defeating the last Achaemenid emperor, Darius III, at the Battle of Issus. Following the premature death of Alexander, Iran came under the control of the Hellenistic Seleucid Empire. In the middle of the 2nd century BC, the Parthian Empire rose to become the... | When did the Parthian Empire rise to become the main power in Iran? | When did the Parthian Empire rise to become the main power in Iran? | [
"When did the Parthian Empire rise to become the main power in Iran?"
] | {
"text": [
"In the middle of the 2nd century BC"
],
"answer_start": [
245
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110674 | 572ffeec04bcaa1900d76fdf | Iran | In 334 BC, Alexander the Great invaded the Achaemenid Empire, defeating the last Achaemenid emperor, Darius III, at the Battle of Issus. Following the premature death of Alexander, Iran came under the control of the Hellenistic Seleucid Empire. In the middle of the 2nd century BC, the Parthian Empire rose to become the... | When did the Sassanid Empire succeed the Parthian Empire in control of Iran? | When did the Sassanid Empire succeed the Parthian Empire in control of Iran? | [
"When did the Sassanid Empire succeed the Parthian Empire in control of Iran?"
] | {
"text": [
"224 CE"
],
"answer_start": [
548
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110675 | 5730037bb2c2fd1400568739 | Iran | The prolonged Byzantine-Sassanid Wars, most importantly the climactic Byzantine-Sassanid War of 602-628, as well as the social conflict within the Sassanid Empire, opened the way for an Arab invasion to Iran in the 7th century. Initially defeated by the Arab Rashidun Caliphate, Iran came under the rule of the Arab cali... | What wars in the 600s CE lead to the weakening of Iran and a subsequent invasion by the Arabs? | What wars in the 600s CE lead to the weakening of Iran and a subsequent invasion by the Arabs? | [
"What wars in the 600s CE lead to the weakening of Iran and a subsequent invasion by the Arabs?"
] | {
"text": [
"Byzantine-Sassanid Wars"
],
"answer_start": [
14
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110676 | 5730037bb2c2fd140056873a | Iran | The prolonged Byzantine-Sassanid Wars, most importantly the climactic Byzantine-Sassanid War of 602-628, as well as the social conflict within the Sassanid Empire, opened the way for an Arab invasion to Iran in the 7th century. Initially defeated by the Arab Rashidun Caliphate, Iran came under the rule of the Arab cali... | When did the Arabs invade Iran? | When did the Arabs invade Iran? | [
"When did the Arabs invade Iran?"
] | {
"text": [
"the 7th century"
],
"answer_start": [
211
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110677 | 5730037bb2c2fd140056873b | Iran | The prolonged Byzantine-Sassanid Wars, most importantly the climactic Byzantine-Sassanid War of 602-628, as well as the social conflict within the Sassanid Empire, opened the way for an Arab invasion to Iran in the 7th century. Initially defeated by the Arab Rashidun Caliphate, Iran came under the rule of the Arab cali... | Which Arab Caliphate defeated Iran first? | Which Arab Caliphate defeated Iran first? | [
"Which Arab Caliphate defeated Iran first?"
] | {
"text": [
"Arab Rashidun Caliphate"
],
"answer_start": [
254
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110678 | 5730037bb2c2fd140056873c | Iran | The prolonged Byzantine-Sassanid Wars, most importantly the climactic Byzantine-Sassanid War of 602-628, as well as the social conflict within the Sassanid Empire, opened the way for an Arab invasion to Iran in the 7th century. Initially defeated by the Arab Rashidun Caliphate, Iran came under the rule of the Arab cali... | What special tax did the discriminated Iranians - both converted and nonconverted - have to pay? | What special tax did the discriminated Iranians - both converted and nonconverted - have to pay? | [
"What special tax did the discriminated Iranians - both converted and nonconverted - have to pay?"
] | {
"text": [
"Jizya"
],
"answer_start": [
694
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110679 | 5730037bb2c2fd140056873d | Iran | The prolonged Byzantine-Sassanid Wars, most importantly the climactic Byzantine-Sassanid War of 602-628, as well as the social conflict within the Sassanid Empire, opened the way for an Arab invasion to Iran in the 7th century. Initially defeated by the Arab Rashidun Caliphate, Iran came under the rule of the Arab cali... | What academy was the most important medical center of the world at the time and became Islamicized after the Arab invasions? | What academy was the most important medical center of the world at the time and became Islamicized after the Arab invasions? | [
"What academy was the most important medical center of the world at the time and became Islamicized after the Arab invasions?"
] | {
"text": [
"Academy of Gunde Shapur"
],
"answer_start": [
727
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110680 | 5730048aa23a5019007fcc4d | Iran | The blossoming literature, philosophy, medicine, and art of Iran became major elements in the formation of a new age for the Iranian civilization, during the period known as the Islamic Golden Age. The Islamic Golden Age reached its peak by the 10th and 11th centuries, during which Iran was the main theater of the scie... | What period was known for an era where Iranian civilization blossomed and peaked? | What period was known for an era where Iranian civilization blossomed and peaked? | [
"What period was known for an era where Iranian civilization blossomed and peaked?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Islamic Golden Age"
],
"answer_start": [
174
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110681 | 5730048aa23a5019007fcc4e | Iran | The blossoming literature, philosophy, medicine, and art of Iran became major elements in the formation of a new age for the Iranian civilization, during the period known as the Islamic Golden Age. The Islamic Golden Age reached its peak by the 10th and 11th centuries, during which Iran was the main theater of the scie... | When did the Islamic Golden Age reach its zenith? | When did the Islamic Golden Age reach its zenith? | [
"When did the Islamic Golden Age reach its zenith?"
] | {
"text": [
"by the 10th and 11th centuries"
],
"answer_start": [
238
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110682 | 5730048aa23a5019007fcc4f | Iran | The blossoming literature, philosophy, medicine, and art of Iran became major elements in the formation of a new age for the Iranian civilization, during the period known as the Islamic Golden Age. The Islamic Golden Age reached its peak by the 10th and 11th centuries, during which Iran was the main theater of the scie... | Where was the main area where the peak of scientific activity take place during the Islamic Golden Age? | Where was the main area where the peak of scientific activity take place during the Islamic Golden Age? | [
"Where was the main area where the peak of scientific activity take place during the Islamic Golden Age?"
] | {
"text": [
"Iran"
],
"answer_start": [
283
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110683 | 5730048aa23a5019007fcc50 | Iran | The blossoming literature, philosophy, medicine, and art of Iran became major elements in the formation of a new age for the Iranian civilization, during the period known as the Islamic Golden Age. The Islamic Golden Age reached its peak by the 10th and 11th centuries, during which Iran was the main theater of the scie... | Prominent Iranian writers during this time of the Islamic Golden Age contributed to what area of writing? | Prominent Iranian writers during this time of the Islamic Golden Age contributed to what area of writing? | [
"Prominent Iranian writers during this time of the Islamic Golden Age contributed to what area of writing?"
] | {
"text": [
"scientific writing"
],
"answer_start": [
610
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110684 | 573005ae947a6a140053cf60 | Iran | The 10th century saw a mass migration of Turkic tribes from Central Asia into the Iranian plateau. Turkic tribesmen were first used in the Abbasid army as mamluks (slave-warriors), replacing Iranian and Arab elements within the army. As a result, the mamluks gained a significant political power. In 999, large portions ... | What tribes migranted en masse to the Iranian plateau in the 10th Century? | What tribes migranted en masse to the Iranian plateau in the 10th Century? | [
"What tribes migranted en masse to the Iranian plateau in the 10th Century?"
] | {
"text": [
"Turkic tribes"
],
"answer_start": [
41
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110685 | 573005ae947a6a140053cf61 | Iran | The 10th century saw a mass migration of Turkic tribes from Central Asia into the Iranian plateau. Turkic tribesmen were first used in the Abbasid army as mamluks (slave-warriors), replacing Iranian and Arab elements within the army. As a result, the mamluks gained a significant political power. In 999, large portions ... | Where did these Turkic tribes come from before the migrated into Iran in the 10th Century? | Where did these Turkic tribes come from before the migrated into Iran in the 10th Century? | [
"Where did these Turkic tribes come from before the migrated into Iran in the 10th Century?"
] | {
"text": [
"Central Asia"
],
"answer_start": [
60
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110686 | 573005ae947a6a140053cf62 | Iran | The 10th century saw a mass migration of Turkic tribes from Central Asia into the Iranian plateau. Turkic tribesmen were first used in the Abbasid army as mamluks (slave-warriors), replacing Iranian and Arab elements within the army. As a result, the mamluks gained a significant political power. In 999, large portions ... | The Abbasid army replaced Iranian and Arabic men with Turkic tribesmen as what element in their army? | The Abbasid army replaced Iranian and Arabic men with Turkic tribesmen as what element in their army? | [
"The Abbasid army replaced Iranian and Arabic men with Turkic tribesmen as what element in their army?"
] | {
"text": [
"mamluks (slave-warriors)"
],
"answer_start": [
155
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110687 | 573005ae947a6a140053cf63 | Iran | The 10th century saw a mass migration of Turkic tribes from Central Asia into the Iranian plateau. Turkic tribesmen were first used in the Abbasid army as mamluks (slave-warriors), replacing Iranian and Arab elements within the army. As a result, the mamluks gained a significant political power. In 999, large portions ... | In what year did the Ghaznavids briefly control large portions of Iran? | In what year did the Ghaznavids briefly control large portions of Iran? | [
"In what year did the Ghaznavids briefly control large portions of Iran?"
] | {
"text": [
"999"
],
"answer_start": [
300
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110688 | 573005ae947a6a140053cf64 | Iran | The 10th century saw a mass migration of Turkic tribes from Central Asia into the Iranian plateau. Turkic tribesmen were first used in the Abbasid army as mamluks (slave-warriors), replacing Iranian and Arab elements within the army. As a result, the mamluks gained a significant political power. In 999, large portions ... | How were the Ghaznavids different from the original Turkics that migrated into Iran? | How were the Ghaznavids different from the original Turkics that migrated into Iran? | [
"How were the Ghaznavids different from the original Turkics that migrated into Iran?"
] | {
"text": [
"These Turks had been Persianized and had adopted Persian models of administration and rulership"
],
"answer_start": [
490
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110689 | 5730067f947a6a140053cf7c | Iran | Following the fracture of the Mongol Empire in 1256, Hulagu Khan, grandson of Genghis Khan, established the Ilkhanate in Iran. In 1370, yet another conqueror, Timur, followed the example of Hulagu, establishing the Timurid Empire which lasted for another 156 years. In 1387, Timur ordered the complete massacre of Isfaha... | Who established an Ilkhanate in Iran after the break up of the Mongol Empire in 1256? | Who established an Ilkhanate in Iran after the break up of the Mongol Empire in 1256? | [
"Who established an Ilkhanate in Iran after the break up of the Mongol Empire in 1256?"
] | {
"text": [
"Hulagu Khan"
],
"answer_start": [
53
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110690 | 5730067f947a6a140053cf7d | Iran | Following the fracture of the Mongol Empire in 1256, Hulagu Khan, grandson of Genghis Khan, established the Ilkhanate in Iran. In 1370, yet another conqueror, Timur, followed the example of Hulagu, establishing the Timurid Empire which lasted for another 156 years. In 1387, Timur ordered the complete massacre of Isfaha... | Timur established the Timurid Empire in Iran in what year? | Timur established the Timurid Empire in Iran in what year? | [
"Timur established the Timurid Empire in Iran in what year?"
] | {
"text": [
"1370"
],
"answer_start": [
130
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110691 | 5730067f947a6a140053cf7e | Iran | Following the fracture of the Mongol Empire in 1256, Hulagu Khan, grandson of Genghis Khan, established the Ilkhanate in Iran. In 1370, yet another conqueror, Timur, followed the example of Hulagu, establishing the Timurid Empire which lasted for another 156 years. In 1387, Timur ordered the complete massacre of Isfaha... | How long did the Timurid empire last in Iran? | How long did the Timurid empire last in Iran? | [
"How long did the Timurid empire last in Iran?"
] | {
"text": [
"156 years"
],
"answer_start": [
255
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110692 | 5730067f947a6a140053cf7f | Iran | Following the fracture of the Mongol Empire in 1256, Hulagu Khan, grandson of Genghis Khan, established the Ilkhanate in Iran. In 1370, yet another conqueror, Timur, followed the example of Hulagu, establishing the Timurid Empire which lasted for another 156 years. In 1387, Timur ordered the complete massacre of Isfaha... | How many citizens were massacred in Isfahan by Timur in 1387? | How many citizens were massacred in Isfahan by Timur in 1387? | [
"How many citizens were massacred in Isfahan by Timur in 1387?"
] | {
"text": [
"70,000 citizens"
],
"answer_start": [
342
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110693 | 5730067f947a6a140053cf80 | Iran | Following the fracture of the Mongol Empire in 1256, Hulagu Khan, grandson of Genghis Khan, established the Ilkhanate in Iran. In 1370, yet another conqueror, Timur, followed the example of Hulagu, establishing the Timurid Empire which lasted for another 156 years. In 1387, Timur ordered the complete massacre of Isfaha... | The Ilkhans and Tumrids had what type of culture when ruling Iran? | The Ilkhans and Tumrids had what type of culture when ruling Iran? | [
"The Ilkhans and Tumrids had what type of culture when ruling Iran?"
] | {
"text": [
"a culture that was distinctively Iranian"
],
"answer_start": [
482
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110694 | 5730083f04bcaa1900d7703f | Iran | By the 1500s, Ismail I from Ardabil, established the Safavid Dynasty, with Tabriz as the capital. Beginning with Azerbaijan, he subsequently extended his authority over all of the Iranian territories, and established an intermittent Iranian hegemony over the vast relative regions, reasserting the Iranian identity withi... | Who established the Safavid Dynasty? | Who established the Safavid Dynasty? | [
"Who established the Safavid Dynasty?"
] | {
"text": [
"Ismail I from Ardabil"
],
"answer_start": [
14
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110695 | 5730083f04bcaa1900d77040 | Iran | By the 1500s, Ismail I from Ardabil, established the Safavid Dynasty, with Tabriz as the capital. Beginning with Azerbaijan, he subsequently extended his authority over all of the Iranian territories, and established an intermittent Iranian hegemony over the vast relative regions, reasserting the Iranian identity withi... | What was the capital of the Safavid Dynasty? | What was the capital of the Safavid Dynasty? | [
"What was the capital of the Safavid Dynasty?"
] | {
"text": [
"Tabriz"
],
"answer_start": [
75
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110696 | 5730083f04bcaa1900d77041 | Iran | By the 1500s, Ismail I from Ardabil, established the Safavid Dynasty, with Tabriz as the capital. Beginning with Azerbaijan, he subsequently extended his authority over all of the Iranian territories, and established an intermittent Iranian hegemony over the vast relative regions, reasserting the Iranian identity withi... | Ismail I forced a conversion to what Islamic branch? | Ismail I forced a conversion to what Islamic branch? | [
"Ismail I forced a conversion to what Islamic branch?"
] | {
"text": [
"Shia Islam"
],
"answer_start": [
469
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110697 | 5730083f04bcaa1900d77042 | Iran | By the 1500s, Ismail I from Ardabil, established the Safavid Dynasty, with Tabriz as the capital. Beginning with Azerbaijan, he subsequently extended his authority over all of the Iranian territories, and established an intermittent Iranian hegemony over the vast relative regions, reasserting the Iranian identity withi... | What country is currently the only official Shia nation of the world? | What country is currently the only official Shia nation of the world? | [
"What country is currently the only official Shia nation of the world?"
] | {
"text": [
"Iran"
],
"answer_start": [
609
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110698 | 57300950a23a5019007fcc83 | Iran | The centuries-long geopolitical and ideological rivalry between Safavid Iran and the neighboring Ottoman Empire, led to numerous Ottoman–Persian Wars. The Safavid Era peaked in the reign of Abbas the Great, 1587–1629, surpassing their Ottoman arch rivals in strength, and making the empire a leading hub in Western Euras... | What Empire neighbored and had a rivalry with Safavid Iran? | What Empire neighbored and had a rivalry with Safavid Iran? | [
"What Empire neighbored and had a rivalry with Safavid Iran?"
] | {
"text": [
"Ottoman Empire"
],
"answer_start": [
97
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110699 | 57300950a23a5019007fcc84 | Iran | The centuries-long geopolitical and ideological rivalry between Safavid Iran and the neighboring Ottoman Empire, led to numerous Ottoman–Persian Wars. The Safavid Era peaked in the reign of Abbas the Great, 1587–1629, surpassing their Ottoman arch rivals in strength, and making the empire a leading hub in Western Euras... | Safavid Iran peaked during whose reign? | Safavid Iran peaked during whose reign? | [
"Safavid Iran peaked during whose reign?"
] | {
"text": [
"Abbas the Great"
],
"answer_start": [
190
]
} |
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