gem_id stringlengths 20 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringlengths 3 59 | context stringlengths 151 3.71k | question stringlengths 1 270 | target stringlengths 1 270 | references list | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-110700 | 57300950a23a5019007fcc85 | Iran | The centuries-long geopolitical and ideological rivalry between Safavid Iran and the neighboring Ottoman Empire, led to numerous Ottoman–Persian Wars. The Safavid Era peaked in the reign of Abbas the Great, 1587–1629, surpassing their Ottoman arch rivals in strength, and making the empire a leading hub in Western Euras... | When did the Safavid Empire peak? | When did the Safavid Empire peak? | [
"When did the Safavid Empire peak?"
] | {
"text": [
"1587–1629"
],
"answer_start": [
207
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110701 | 57300950a23a5019007fcc86 | Iran | The centuries-long geopolitical and ideological rivalry between Safavid Iran and the neighboring Ottoman Empire, led to numerous Ottoman–Persian Wars. The Safavid Era peaked in the reign of Abbas the Great, 1587–1629, surpassing their Ottoman arch rivals in strength, and making the empire a leading hub in Western Euras... | Who ended Safavid power in Iran in 1722? | Who ended Safavid power in Iran in 1722? | [
"Who ended Safavid power in Iran in 1722?"
] | {
"text": [
"Pashtun rebels"
],
"answer_start": [
854
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110702 | 57300950a23a5019007fcc87 | Iran | The centuries-long geopolitical and ideological rivalry between Safavid Iran and the neighboring Ottoman Empire, led to numerous Ottoman–Persian Wars. The Safavid Era peaked in the reign of Abbas the Great, 1587–1629, surpassing their Ottoman arch rivals in strength, and making the empire a leading hub in Western Euras... | Who was the last Safavid ruler who was defeated in 1722 by the Pashtuns in Isfahan? | Who was the last Safavid ruler who was defeated in 1722 by the Pashtuns in Isfahan? | [
"Who was the last Safavid ruler who was defeated in 1722 by the Pashtuns in Isfahan?"
] | {
"text": [
"Soltan Hosein"
],
"answer_start": [
903
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110703 | 57300a34b2c2fd1400568793 | Iran | In 1729, Nader Shah, a chieftain and military genius from Khorasan, successfully drove out and conquered the Pashtun invaders. He subsequently took back the annexed Caucasian territories which were divided among the Ottoman and Russian authorities by the ongoing chaos in Iran. During the reign of Nader Shah, Iran reach... | In what year were the Pashtuns defeated and driven out of Iran? | In what year were the Pashtuns defeated and driven out of Iran? | [
"In what year were the Pashtuns defeated and driven out of Iran?"
] | {
"text": [
"1729"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110704 | 57300a34b2c2fd1400568794 | Iran | In 1729, Nader Shah, a chieftain and military genius from Khorasan, successfully drove out and conquered the Pashtun invaders. He subsequently took back the annexed Caucasian territories which were divided among the Ottoman and Russian authorities by the ongoing chaos in Iran. During the reign of Nader Shah, Iran reach... | Who drove out the Pashtuns from Iran in 1729? | Who drove out the Pashtuns from Iran in 1729? | [
"Who drove out the Pashtuns from Iran in 1729?"
] | {
"text": [
"Nader Shah"
],
"answer_start": [
9
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110705 | 57300a34b2c2fd1400568795 | Iran | In 1729, Nader Shah, a chieftain and military genius from Khorasan, successfully drove out and conquered the Pashtun invaders. He subsequently took back the annexed Caucasian territories which were divided among the Ottoman and Russian authorities by the ongoing chaos in Iran. During the reign of Nader Shah, Iran reach... | Where was Nader Shan from? | Where was Nader Shan from? | [
"Where was Nader Shan from?"
] | {
"text": [
"Khorasan"
],
"answer_start": [
58
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110706 | 57300a34b2c2fd1400568796 | Iran | In 1729, Nader Shah, a chieftain and military genius from Khorasan, successfully drove out and conquered the Pashtun invaders. He subsequently took back the annexed Caucasian territories which were divided among the Ottoman and Russian authorities by the ongoing chaos in Iran. During the reign of Nader Shah, Iran reach... | Nader Shah expanded Iranian power to its highest peak since what Empire? | Nader Shah expanded Iranian power to its highest peak since what Empire? | [
"Nader Shah expanded Iranian power to its highest peak since what Empire?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Sassanid Empire"
],
"answer_start": [
349
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110707 | 57300a34b2c2fd1400568797 | Iran | In 1729, Nader Shah, a chieftain and military genius from Khorasan, successfully drove out and conquered the Pashtun invaders. He subsequently took back the annexed Caucasian territories which were divided among the Ottoman and Russian authorities by the ongoing chaos in Iran. During the reign of Nader Shah, Iran reach... | Nader Shah took back what territories that were annexed by the Ottomans and the Russians? | Nader Shah took back what territories that were annexed by the Ottomans and the Russians? | [
"Nader Shah took back what territories that were annexed by the Ottomans and the Russians?"
] | {
"text": [
"Caucasian territories"
],
"answer_start": [
165
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110708 | 57300b16b2c2fd140056879d | Iran | Another civil war ensued after the death of Karim Khan in 1779, out of which Aqa Mohammad Khan emerged, founding the Qajar Dynasty in 1794. In 1795, following the disobedience of the Georgian subjects and their alliance with the Russians, the Qajars captured Tblisi by the Battle of Krtsanisi, and drove the Russians out... | Whose death in 1779 led to a civil war in Iran? | Whose death in 1779 led to a civil war in Iran? | [
"Whose death in 1779 led to a civil war in Iran?"
] | {
"text": [
"Karim Khan"
],
"answer_start": [
44
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110709 | 57300b16b2c2fd140056879e | Iran | Another civil war ensued after the death of Karim Khan in 1779, out of which Aqa Mohammad Khan emerged, founding the Qajar Dynasty in 1794. In 1795, following the disobedience of the Georgian subjects and their alliance with the Russians, the Qajars captured Tblisi by the Battle of Krtsanisi, and drove the Russians out... | Who founded the following Qajar Empire in 1794? | Who founded the following Qajar Empire in 1794? | [
"Who founded the following Qajar Empire in 1794?"
] | {
"text": [
"Aqa Mohammad Khan"
],
"answer_start": [
77
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110710 | 57300b16b2c2fd140056879f | Iran | Another civil war ensued after the death of Karim Khan in 1779, out of which Aqa Mohammad Khan emerged, founding the Qajar Dynasty in 1794. In 1795, following the disobedience of the Georgian subjects and their alliance with the Russians, the Qajars captured Tblisi by the Battle of Krtsanisi, and drove the Russians out... | The Qajars defeated the Russians at what battle to take over Tblisi? | The Qajars defeated the Russians at what battle to take over Tblisi? | [
"The Qajars defeated the Russians at what battle to take over Tblisi?"
] | {
"text": [
"Battle of Krtsanisi"
],
"answer_start": [
273
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110711 | 57300b16b2c2fd14005687a0 | Iran | Another civil war ensued after the death of Karim Khan in 1779, out of which Aqa Mohammad Khan emerged, founding the Qajar Dynasty in 1794. In 1795, following the disobedience of the Georgian subjects and their alliance with the Russians, the Qajars captured Tblisi by the Battle of Krtsanisi, and drove the Russians out... | The Qajars drove the Russians out of what entire region? | The Qajars drove the Russians out of what entire region? | [
"The Qajars drove the Russians out of what entire region?"
] | {
"text": [
"the entire Caucasus"
],
"answer_start": [
324
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110712 | 57300b16b2c2fd14005687a1 | Iran | Another civil war ensued after the death of Karim Khan in 1779, out of which Aqa Mohammad Khan emerged, founding the Qajar Dynasty in 1794. In 1795, following the disobedience of the Georgian subjects and their alliance with the Russians, the Qajars captured Tblisi by the Battle of Krtsanisi, and drove the Russians out... | Iran lost territory in the Caucasus during what wars in the early 1800s? | Iran lost territory in the Caucasus during what wars in the early 1800s? | [
"Iran lost territory in the Caucasus during what wars in the early 1800s?"
] | {
"text": [
"Russo-Persian wars"
],
"answer_start": [
414
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110713 | 57300c2a04bcaa1900d77091 | Iran | As a result of the 19th century Russo-Persian wars, the Russians took over the Caucasus, and Iran irrevocably lost control over its integral territories in the region (comprising modern-day Dagestan, Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan), which got confirmed per the treaties of Gulistan and Turkmenchay. The area to the nor... | What wars resulted in Iran losing control of the Caucasus to the Russians? | What wars resulted in Iran losing control of the Caucasus to the Russians? | [
"What wars resulted in Iran losing control of the Caucasus to the Russians?"
] | {
"text": [
"the 19th century Russo-Persian wars"
],
"answer_start": [
15
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110714 | 57300c2a04bcaa1900d77092 | Iran | As a result of the 19th century Russo-Persian wars, the Russians took over the Caucasus, and Iran irrevocably lost control over its integral territories in the region (comprising modern-day Dagestan, Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan), which got confirmed per the treaties of Gulistan and Turkmenchay. The area to the nor... | What region consisting of Dagestan, Georgia, Armenia, & Azerbaijan did Iran lose control of to the Russians? | What region consisting of Dagestan, Georgia, Armenia, & Azerbaijan did Iran lose control of to the Russians? | [
"What region consisting of Dagestan, Georgia, Armenia, & Azerbaijan did Iran lose control of to the Russians?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Caucasus"
],
"answer_start": [
75
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110715 | 57300c2a04bcaa1900d77093 | Iran | As a result of the 19th century Russo-Persian wars, the Russians took over the Caucasus, and Iran irrevocably lost control over its integral territories in the region (comprising modern-day Dagestan, Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan), which got confirmed per the treaties of Gulistan and Turkmenchay. The area to the nor... | The Gulistan and Turkmenchay treaties between Iran and Russia confirmed what? | The Gulistan and Turkmenchay treaties between Iran and Russia confirmed what? | [
"The Gulistan and Turkmenchay treaties between Iran and Russia confirmed what?"
] | {
"text": [
"Iran irrevocably lost control over its integral territories in the region"
],
"answer_start": [
93
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110716 | 57300c2a04bcaa1900d77094 | Iran | As a result of the 19th century Russo-Persian wars, the Russians took over the Caucasus, and Iran irrevocably lost control over its integral territories in the region (comprising modern-day Dagestan, Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan), which got confirmed per the treaties of Gulistan and Turkmenchay. The area to the nor... | What century did Iran lose the Caucasus to Russia? | What century did Iran lose the Caucasus to Russia? | [
"What century did Iran lose the Caucasus to Russia?"
] | {
"text": [
"the 19th century"
],
"answer_start": [
510
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110717 | 57300d4fb2c2fd14005687a7 | Iran | Between 1872 and 1905, a series of protests took place in response to the sale of concessions to foreigners by Nasser od Din and Mozaffar od Din shahs of Qajar, and led to the Iranian Constitutional Revolution. The first Iranian Constitution and the first national parliament of Iran were founded in 1906, through the on... | When did a series of protests over foreign concessions sales in Iran occur? | When did a series of protests over foreign concessions sales in Iran occur? | [
"When did a series of protests over foreign concessions sales in Iran occur?"
] | {
"text": [
"Between 1872 and 1905"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110718 | 57300d4fb2c2fd14005687a8 | Iran | Between 1872 and 1905, a series of protests took place in response to the sale of concessions to foreigners by Nasser od Din and Mozaffar od Din shahs of Qajar, and led to the Iranian Constitutional Revolution. The first Iranian Constitution and the first national parliament of Iran were founded in 1906, through the on... | What resulted from the series of protests in Iran over foreign concessions sales? | What resulted from the series of protests in Iran over foreign concessions sales? | [
"What resulted from the series of protests in Iran over foreign concessions sales?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Iranian Constitutional Revolution"
],
"answer_start": [
172
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110719 | 57300d4fb2c2fd14005687a9 | Iran | Between 1872 and 1905, a series of protests took place in response to the sale of concessions to foreigners by Nasser od Din and Mozaffar od Din shahs of Qajar, and led to the Iranian Constitutional Revolution. The first Iranian Constitution and the first national parliament of Iran were founded in 1906, through the on... | The first national parliament of Iran was founded in what year? | The first national parliament of Iran was founded in what year? | [
"The first national parliament of Iran was founded in what year?"
] | {
"text": [
"in 1906"
],
"answer_start": [
297
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110720 | 57300d4fb2c2fd14005687aa | Iran | Between 1872 and 1905, a series of protests took place in response to the sale of concessions to foreigners by Nasser od Din and Mozaffar od Din shahs of Qajar, and led to the Iranian Constitutional Revolution. The first Iranian Constitution and the first national parliament of Iran were founded in 1906, through the on... | The first Constitution of Iran was founded in what year? | The first Constitution of Iran was founded in what year? | [
"The first Constitution of Iran was founded in what year?"
] | {
"text": [
"in 1906"
],
"answer_start": [
297
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110721 | 57300d4fb2c2fd14005687ab | Iran | Between 1872 and 1905, a series of protests took place in response to the sale of concessions to foreigners by Nasser od Din and Mozaffar od Din shahs of Qajar, and led to the Iranian Constitutional Revolution. The first Iranian Constitution and the first national parliament of Iran were founded in 1906, through the on... | The Iranian Constitution did what for Christians, Jews, and Zoroastrians in Iran? | The Iranian Constitution did what for Christians, Jews, and Zoroastrians in Iran? | [
"The Iranian Constitution did what for Christians, Jews, and Zoroastrians in Iran?"
] | {
"text": [
"official recognition of Iran's three religious minorities"
],
"answer_start": [
368
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110722 | 57301248b2c2fd14005687eb | Iran | The struggle related to the constitutional movement continued until 1911, when Mohammad Ali Shah was defeated and forced to abdicate. On the pretext of restoring order, the Russians occupied Northern Iran in 1911, and maintained a military presence in the region for years to come. During World War I, the British occupi... | The constitutional movement in Iran lasted from 1906 until what year? | The constitutional movement in Iran lasted from 1906 until what year? | [
"The constitutional movement in Iran lasted from 1906 until what year?"
] | {
"text": [
"until 1911"
],
"answer_start": [
62
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110723 | 57301248b2c2fd14005687ec | Iran | The struggle related to the constitutional movement continued until 1911, when Mohammad Ali Shah was defeated and forced to abdicate. On the pretext of restoring order, the Russians occupied Northern Iran in 1911, and maintained a military presence in the region for years to come. During World War I, the British occupi... | Who was defeated and forced to abdicate at the end of the Iranian constitutional movement? | Who was defeated and forced to abdicate at the end of the Iranian constitutional movement? | [
"Who was defeated and forced to abdicate at the end of the Iranian constitutional movement?"
] | {
"text": [
"Mohammad Ali Shah"
],
"answer_start": [
79
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110724 | 57301248b2c2fd14005687ed | Iran | The struggle related to the constitutional movement continued until 1911, when Mohammad Ali Shah was defeated and forced to abdicate. On the pretext of restoring order, the Russians occupied Northern Iran in 1911, and maintained a military presence in the region for years to come. During World War I, the British occupi... | In 1911, Russians occupied Northern Iran under what pretext? | In 1911, Russians occupied Northern Iran under what pretext? | [
"In 1911, Russians occupied Northern Iran under what pretext?"
] | {
"text": [
"restoring order"
],
"answer_start": [
152
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110725 | 57301248b2c2fd14005687ee | Iran | The struggle related to the constitutional movement continued until 1911, when Mohammad Ali Shah was defeated and forced to abdicate. On the pretext of restoring order, the Russians occupied Northern Iran in 1911, and maintained a military presence in the region for years to come. During World War I, the British occupi... | The British occupied Western Iran from World War 1 until finally withdrawing in what year? | The British occupied Western Iran from World War 1 until finally withdrawing in what year? | [
"The British occupied Western Iran from World War 1 until finally withdrawing in what year?"
] | {
"text": [
"1921"
],
"answer_start": [
367
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110726 | 57301248b2c2fd14005687ef | Iran | The struggle related to the constitutional movement continued until 1911, when Mohammad Ali Shah was defeated and forced to abdicate. On the pretext of restoring order, the Russians occupied Northern Iran in 1911, and maintained a military presence in the region for years to come. During World War I, the British occupi... | Who massacred many Assyrian Iranians around Urmia during World War 1? | Who massacred many Assyrian Iranians around Urmia during World War 1? | [
"Who massacred many Assyrian Iranians around Urmia during World War 1?"
] | {
"text": [
"Ottoman armies"
],
"answer_start": [
653
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110727 | 5730132eb2c2fd1400568813 | Iran | In 1941, Reza Shah was forced to abdicate in favor of his son, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, and established the Persian Corridor, a massive supply route that would last until the end of the ongoing war. The presence of so many foreign troops in the nation also culminated in the Soviet-backed establishment of two puppet regim... | When was Reza Shah forced to abdicate in Iran? | When was Reza Shah forced to abdicate in Iran? | [
"When was Reza Shah forced to abdicate in Iran?"
] | {
"text": [
"1941"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110728 | 5730132eb2c2fd1400568814 | Iran | In 1941, Reza Shah was forced to abdicate in favor of his son, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, and established the Persian Corridor, a massive supply route that would last until the end of the ongoing war. The presence of so many foreign troops in the nation also culminated in the Soviet-backed establishment of two puppet regim... | Who succeeded Reza Shah after his abdication? | Who succeeded Reza Shah after his abdication? | [
"Who succeeded Reza Shah after his abdication?"
] | {
"text": [
"his son, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi"
],
"answer_start": [
54
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110729 | 5730132eb2c2fd1400568815 | Iran | In 1941, Reza Shah was forced to abdicate in favor of his son, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, and established the Persian Corridor, a massive supply route that would last until the end of the ongoing war. The presence of so many foreign troops in the nation also culminated in the Soviet-backed establishment of two puppet regim... | Mohammad Reza Pahlavi established what enormous supply route during World War 2? | Mohammad Reza Pahlavi established what enormous supply route during World War 2? | [
"Mohammad Reza Pahlavi established what enormous supply route during World War 2?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Persian Corridor"
],
"answer_start": [
102
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110730 | 5730132eb2c2fd1400568816 | Iran | In 1941, Reza Shah was forced to abdicate in favor of his son, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, and established the Persian Corridor, a massive supply route that would last until the end of the ongoing war. The presence of so many foreign troops in the nation also culminated in the Soviet-backed establishment of two puppet regim... | Who backed two puppet regimes in/around Iran during WWII? | Who backed two puppet regimes in/around Iran during WWII? | [
"Who backed two puppet regimes in/around Iran during WWII?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Soviet Union"
],
"answer_start": [
406
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110731 | 5730132eb2c2fd1400568817 | Iran | In 1941, Reza Shah was forced to abdicate in favor of his son, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, and established the Persian Corridor, a massive supply route that would last until the end of the ongoing war. The presence of so many foreign troops in the nation also culminated in the Soviet-backed establishment of two puppet regim... | What happened which ended in two puppet states dissolving and Soviet withdrawal out of Iran after WWII? | What happened which ended in two puppet states dissolving and Soviet withdrawal out of Iran after WWII? | [
"What happened which ended in two puppet states dissolving and Soviet withdrawal out of Iran after WWII?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Iran crisis of 1946"
],
"answer_start": [
477
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110732 | 573014cc04bcaa1900d77143 | Iran | Due to the 1973 spike in oil prices, the economy of Iran was flooded with foreign currency, which caused inflation. By 1974, the economy of Iran was experiencing double digit inflation, and despite many large projects to modernize the country, corruption was rampant and caused large amounts of waste. By 1975 and 1976, ... | What year did oil price spikes in Iran lead to inflation? | What year did oil price spikes in Iran lead to inflation? | [
"What year did oil price spikes in Iran lead to inflation?"
] | {
"text": [
"1973"
],
"answer_start": [
11
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110733 | 573014cc04bcaa1900d77144 | Iran | Due to the 1973 spike in oil prices, the economy of Iran was flooded with foreign currency, which caused inflation. By 1974, the economy of Iran was experiencing double digit inflation, and despite many large projects to modernize the country, corruption was rampant and caused large amounts of waste. By 1975 and 1976, ... | What caused inflation to Iran's economy during the oil price spike in 1973? | What caused inflation to Iran's economy during the oil price spike in 1973? | [
"What caused inflation to Iran's economy during the oil price spike in 1973?"
] | {
"text": [
"economy of Iran was flooded with foreign currency"
],
"answer_start": [
41
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110734 | 573014cc04bcaa1900d77145 | Iran | Due to the 1973 spike in oil prices, the economy of Iran was flooded with foreign currency, which caused inflation. By 1974, the economy of Iran was experiencing double digit inflation, and despite many large projects to modernize the country, corruption was rampant and caused large amounts of waste. By 1975 and 1976, ... | Iran's inflation led to what in 1975-1976? | Iran's inflation led to what in 1975-1976? | [
"Iran's inflation led to what in 1975-1976?"
] | {
"text": [
"an economic recession"
],
"answer_start": [
320
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110735 | 573014cc04bcaa1900d77146 | Iran | Due to the 1973 spike in oil prices, the economy of Iran was flooded with foreign currency, which caused inflation. By 1974, the economy of Iran was experiencing double digit inflation, and despite many large projects to modernize the country, corruption was rampant and caused large amounts of waste. By 1975 and 1976, ... | Why did millions of youth migrate to the urban areas of Iran in the mid 1970s? | Why did millions of youth migrate to the urban areas of Iran in the mid 1970s? | [
"Why did millions of youth migrate to the urban areas of Iran in the mid 1970s?"
] | {
"text": [
"construction jobs"
],
"answer_start": [
459
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110736 | 573014cc04bcaa1900d77147 | Iran | Due to the 1973 spike in oil prices, the economy of Iran was flooded with foreign currency, which caused inflation. By 1974, the economy of Iran was experiencing double digit inflation, and despite many large projects to modernize the country, corruption was rampant and caused large amounts of waste. By 1975 and 1976, ... | Due to increased unemployment, who mainly opposed the Shah's regime? | Due to increased unemployment, who mainly opposed the Shah's regime? | [
"Due to increased unemployment, who mainly opposed the Shah's regime?"
] | {
"text": [
"millions of youth who had migrated to the cities"
],
"answer_start": [
390
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110737 | 573015d6947a6a140053d0a2 | Iran | The immediate nationwide uprisings against the new government began by the 1979 Kurdish rebellion with the Khuzestan uprisings, along with the uprisings in Sistan and Baluchestan Province and other areas. Over the next several years, these uprisings were subdued in a violent manner by the new Islamic government. The ne... | The new Iranian government following the Shah's downfall dealt with the Kurdish rebellion in what year? | The new Iranian government following the Shah's downfall dealt with the Kurdish rebellion in what year? | [
"The new Iranian government following the Shah's downfall dealt with the Kurdish rebellion in what year?"
] | {
"text": [
"1979"
],
"answer_start": [
75
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110738 | 573015d6947a6a140053d0a3 | Iran | The immediate nationwide uprisings against the new government began by the 1979 Kurdish rebellion with the Khuzestan uprisings, along with the uprisings in Sistan and Baluchestan Province and other areas. Over the next several years, these uprisings were subdued in a violent manner by the new Islamic government. The ne... | How did the new Iranian government handle the rebellions and uprisings following their rise to power? | How did the new Iranian government handle the rebellions and uprisings following their rise to power? | [
"How did the new Iranian government handle the rebellions and uprisings following their rise to power?"
] | {
"text": [
"in a violent manner"
],
"answer_start": [
263
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110739 | 573015d6947a6a140053d0a4 | Iran | The immediate nationwide uprisings against the new government began by the 1979 Kurdish rebellion with the Khuzestan uprisings, along with the uprisings in Sistan and Baluchestan Province and other areas. Over the next several years, these uprisings were subdued in a violent manner by the new Islamic government. The ne... | The new Iranian government purged itself of what political opposition? | The new Iranian government purged itself of what political opposition? | [
"The new Iranian government purged itself of what political opposition?"
] | {
"text": [
"non-Islamist"
],
"answer_start": [
366
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110740 | 573015d6947a6a140053d0a5 | Iran | The immediate nationwide uprisings against the new government began by the 1979 Kurdish rebellion with the Khuzestan uprisings, along with the uprisings in Sistan and Baluchestan Province and other areas. Over the next several years, these uprisings were subdued in a violent manner by the new Islamic government. The ne... | What happened to the nationalists and Marxists that had helped the Islamic ruling government to depose the Shah? | What happened to the nationalists and Marxists that had helped the Islamic ruling government to depose the Shah? | [
"What happened to the nationalists and Marxists that had helped the Islamic ruling government to depose the Shah?"
] | {
"text": [
"were executed"
],
"answer_start": [
518
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110741 | 5730168bb2c2fd140056883b | Iran | On November 4, 1979, a group of students seized the United States Embassy and took the embassy with 52 personnel and citizens hostage, after the United States refused to return Mohammad Reza Pahlavi to Iran to face trial in the court of the new regime. Attempts by the Jimmy Carter administration to negotiate for the re... | When was the US Embassy in Iran seized? | When was the US Embassy in Iran seized? | [
"When was the US Embassy in Iran seized?"
] | {
"text": [
"November 4, 1979"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110742 | 5730168bb2c2fd140056883c | Iran | On November 4, 1979, a group of students seized the United States Embassy and took the embassy with 52 personnel and citizens hostage, after the United States refused to return Mohammad Reza Pahlavi to Iran to face trial in the court of the new regime. Attempts by the Jimmy Carter administration to negotiate for the re... | Who seized the US Embassy in Iran in 1979? | Who seized the US Embassy in Iran in 1979? | [
"Who seized the US Embassy in Iran in 1979?"
] | {
"text": [
"a group of students"
],
"answer_start": [
21
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110743 | 5730168bb2c2fd140056883d | Iran | On November 4, 1979, a group of students seized the United States Embassy and took the embassy with 52 personnel and citizens hostage, after the United States refused to return Mohammad Reza Pahlavi to Iran to face trial in the court of the new regime. Attempts by the Jimmy Carter administration to negotiate for the re... | How many hostages were taken in the US Embassy seizure? | How many hostages were taken in the US Embassy seizure? | [
"How many hostages were taken in the US Embassy seizure?"
] | {
"text": [
"52 personnel and citizens"
],
"answer_start": [
100
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110744 | 5730168bb2c2fd140056883e | Iran | On November 4, 1979, a group of students seized the United States Embassy and took the embassy with 52 personnel and citizens hostage, after the United States refused to return Mohammad Reza Pahlavi to Iran to face trial in the court of the new regime. Attempts by the Jimmy Carter administration to negotiate for the re... | Who won the 1980 US Presidential Elections after President Carter's repeated failed attempts to resolve the US Iranian Embassy situation? | Who won the 1980 US Presidential Elections after President Carter's repeated failed attempts to resolve the US Iranian Embassy situation? | [
"Who won the 1980 US Presidential Elections after President Carter's repeated failed attempts to resolve the US Iranian Embassy situation? "
] | {
"text": [
"Ronald Reagan"
],
"answer_start": [
418
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110745 | 5730168bb2c2fd140056883f | Iran | On November 4, 1979, a group of students seized the United States Embassy and took the embassy with 52 personnel and citizens hostage, after the United States refused to return Mohammad Reza Pahlavi to Iran to face trial in the court of the new regime. Attempts by the Jimmy Carter administration to negotiate for the re... | ALl of the hostages were completely freed as the result of what treaty? | ALl of the hostages were completely freed as the result of what treaty? | [
"ALl of the hostages were completely freed as the result of what treaty?"
] | {
"text": [
"Algiers Accords"
],
"answer_start": [
540
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110746 | 5730175f04bcaa1900d77169 | Iran | On September 22, 1980, the Iraqi army invaded the Iranian Khuzestan, and the Iran–Iraq War began. Although the forces of Saddam Hussein made several early advances, by mid 1982, the Iranian forces successfully managed to drive the Iraqi army back into Iraq. In July 1982, with Iraq thrown on the defensive, Iran took the... | Who invaded Iran in 1980? | Who invaded Iran in 1980? | [
"Who invaded Iran in 1980?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Iraqi army"
],
"answer_start": [
23
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110747 | 5730175f04bcaa1900d7716a | Iran | On September 22, 1980, the Iraqi army invaded the Iranian Khuzestan, and the Iran–Iraq War began. Although the forces of Saddam Hussein made several early advances, by mid 1982, the Iranian forces successfully managed to drive the Iraqi army back into Iraq. In July 1982, with Iraq thrown on the defensive, Iran took the... | When did the Iranian army push the Iraqis back into Iraq? | When did the Iranian army push the Iraqis back into Iraq? | [
"When did the Iranian army push the Iraqis back into Iraq? "
] | {
"text": [
"mid 1982"
],
"answer_start": [
168
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110748 | 5730175f04bcaa1900d7716b | Iran | On September 22, 1980, the Iraqi army invaded the Iranian Khuzestan, and the Iran–Iraq War began. Although the forces of Saddam Hussein made several early advances, by mid 1982, the Iranian forces successfully managed to drive the Iraqi army back into Iraq. In July 1982, with Iraq thrown on the defensive, Iran took the... | When did the Iran-Iraq War finally end? | When did the Iran-Iraq War finally end? | [
"When did the Iran-Iraq War finally end?"
] | {
"text": [
"1988"
],
"answer_start": [
475
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110749 | 5730175f04bcaa1900d7716c | Iran | On September 22, 1980, the Iraqi army invaded the Iranian Khuzestan, and the Iran–Iraq War began. Although the forces of Saddam Hussein made several early advances, by mid 1982, the Iranian forces successfully managed to drive the Iraqi army back into Iraq. In July 1982, with Iraq thrown on the defensive, Iran took the... | Who mediated the truce which ended the Iran-Iraq War? | Who mediated the truce which ended the Iran-Iraq War? | [
"Who mediated the truce which ended the Iran-Iraq War?"
] | {
"text": [
"the UN"
],
"answer_start": [
657
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110750 | 5730175f04bcaa1900d7716d | Iran | On September 22, 1980, the Iraqi army invaded the Iranian Khuzestan, and the Iran–Iraq War began. Although the forces of Saddam Hussein made several early advances, by mid 1982, the Iranian forces successfully managed to drive the Iraqi army back into Iraq. In July 1982, with Iraq thrown on the defensive, Iran took the... | How many civilians in Iran were killed during the Iran-Iraq War? | How many civilians in Iran were killed during the Iran-Iraq War? | [
"How many civilians in Iran were killed during the Iran-Iraq War?"
] | {
"text": [
"11,000–16,000"
],
"answer_start": [
763
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110751 | 573017f7a23a5019007fcd5b | Iran | Iran has an area of 1,648,195 km2 (636,372 sq mi). Iran lies between latitudes 24° and 40° N, and longitudes 44° and 64° E. Its borders are with Azerbaijan (611 km or 380 mi, with Azerbaijan-Naxcivan exclave, 179 km or 111 mi) and Armenia (35 km or 22 mi) to the north-west; the Caspian Sea to the north; Turkmenistan (9... | What is the size of Iran? | What is the size of Iran? | [
"What is the size of Iran?"
] | {
"text": [
"1,648,195 km2 (636,372 sq mi)"
],
"answer_start": [
20
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110752 | 573017f7a23a5019007fcd5c | Iran | Iran has an area of 1,648,195 km2 (636,372 sq mi). Iran lies between latitudes 24° and 40° N, and longitudes 44° and 64° E. Its borders are with Azerbaijan (611 km or 380 mi, with Azerbaijan-Naxcivan exclave, 179 km or 111 mi) and Armenia (35 km or 22 mi) to the north-west; the Caspian Sea to the north; Turkmenistan (9... | What latitudes does Iran lie between? | What latitudes does Iran lie between? | [
"What latitudes does Iran lie between?"
] | {
"text": [
"24° and 40° N"
],
"answer_start": [
79
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110753 | 573017f7a23a5019007fcd5d | Iran | Iran has an area of 1,648,195 km2 (636,372 sq mi). Iran lies between latitudes 24° and 40° N, and longitudes 44° and 64° E. Its borders are with Azerbaijan (611 km or 380 mi, with Azerbaijan-Naxcivan exclave, 179 km or 111 mi) and Armenia (35 km or 22 mi) to the north-west; the Caspian Sea to the north; Turkmenistan (9... | What longitudes does Iran lie between? | What longitudes does Iran lie between? | [
"What longitudes does Iran lie between?"
] | {
"text": [
"44° and 64° E"
],
"answer_start": [
109
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110754 | 573017f7a23a5019007fcd5e | Iran | Iran has an area of 1,648,195 km2 (636,372 sq mi). Iran lies between latitudes 24° and 40° N, and longitudes 44° and 64° E. Its borders are with Azerbaijan (611 km or 380 mi, with Azerbaijan-Naxcivan exclave, 179 km or 111 mi) and Armenia (35 km or 22 mi) to the north-west; the Caspian Sea to the north; Turkmenistan (9... | Where does Iran border the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman? | Where does Iran border the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman? | [
"Where does Iran border the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman?"
] | {
"text": [
"to the south"
],
"answer_start": [
565
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110755 | 573017f7a23a5019007fcd5f | Iran | Iran has an area of 1,648,195 km2 (636,372 sq mi). Iran lies between latitudes 24° and 40° N, and longitudes 44° and 64° E. Its borders are with Azerbaijan (611 km or 380 mi, with Azerbaijan-Naxcivan exclave, 179 km or 111 mi) and Armenia (35 km or 22 mi) to the north-west; the Caspian Sea to the north; Turkmenistan (9... | What does Iran border with to its north? | What does Iran border with to its north? | [
"What does Iran border with to its north?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Caspian Sea"
],
"answer_start": [
275
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110756 | 57301a69947a6a140053d0f8 | Iran | Iran consists of the Iranian Plateau with the exception of the coasts of the Caspian Sea and Khuzestan Province. It is one of the world's most mountainous countries, its landscape dominated by rugged mountain ranges that separate various basins or plateaux from one another. The populous western part is the most mountai... | Iran's landscape is dominated by what geographical feature? | Iran's landscape is dominated by what geographical feature? | [
"Iran's landscape is dominated by what geographical feature?"
] | {
"text": [
"rugged mountain ranges"
],
"answer_start": [
193
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110757 | 57301a69947a6a140053d0f9 | Iran | Iran consists of the Iranian Plateau with the exception of the coasts of the Caspian Sea and Khuzestan Province. It is one of the world's most mountainous countries, its landscape dominated by rugged mountain ranges that separate various basins or plateaux from one another. The populous western part is the most mountai... | What is Iran's highest mountain? | What is Iran's highest mountain? | [
"What is Iran's highest mountain?"
] | {
"text": [
"Mount Damavand"
],
"answer_start": [
429
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110758 | 57301a69947a6a140053d0fa | Iran | Iran consists of the Iranian Plateau with the exception of the coasts of the Caspian Sea and Khuzestan Province. It is one of the world's most mountainous countries, its landscape dominated by rugged mountain ranges that separate various basins or plateaux from one another. The populous western part is the most mountai... | How tall is Mount Damavand? | How tall is Mount Damavand? | [
"How tall is Mount Damavand?"
] | {
"text": [
"5,610 m (18,406 ft)"
],
"answer_start": [
447
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110759 | 57301a69947a6a140053d0fb | Iran | Iran consists of the Iranian Plateau with the exception of the coasts of the Caspian Sea and Khuzestan Province. It is one of the world's most mountainous countries, its landscape dominated by rugged mountain ranges that separate various basins or plateaux from one another. The populous western part is the most mountai... | Mount Damavand is located in what range? | Mount Damavand is located in what range? | [
"Mount Damavand is located in what range?"
] | {
"text": [
"Alborz Mountains"
],
"answer_start": [
371
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110760 | 57301cdea23a5019007fcd9d | Iran | Iran's climate ranges from arid or semiarid, to subtropical along the Caspian coast and the northern forests. On the northern edge of the country (the Caspian coastal plain) temperatures rarely fall below freezing and the area remains humid for the rest of the year. Summer temperatures rarely exceed 29 °C (84.2 °F). An... | Iran's climate along its Capsian coast and northen forests is? | Iran's climate along its Capsian coast and northen forests is? | [
"Iran's climate along its Capsian coast and northen forests is?"
] | {
"text": [
"subtropical"
],
"answer_start": [
48
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110761 | 57301cdea23a5019007fcd9e | Iran | Iran's climate ranges from arid or semiarid, to subtropical along the Caspian coast and the northern forests. On the northern edge of the country (the Caspian coastal plain) temperatures rarely fall below freezing and the area remains humid for the rest of the year. Summer temperatures rarely exceed 29 °C (84.2 °F). An... | During what season does Iran's northern region's temperatures never go higher than 29c? | During what season does Iran's northern region's temperatures never go higher than 29c? | [
"During what season does Iran's northern region's temperatures never go higher than 29c?"
] | {
"text": [
"Summer"
],
"answer_start": [
267
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110762 | 57301cdea23a5019007fcd9f | Iran | Iran's climate ranges from arid or semiarid, to subtropical along the Caspian coast and the northern forests. On the northern edge of the country (the Caspian coastal plain) temperatures rarely fall below freezing and the area remains humid for the rest of the year. Summer temperatures rarely exceed 29 °C (84.2 °F). An... | What is the annual precipitation in Iran's eastern plains? | What is the annual precipitation in Iran's eastern plains? | [
"What is the annual precipitation in Iran's eastern plains?"
] | {
"text": [
"680 mm (26.8 in)"
],
"answer_start": [
342
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110763 | 57301cdea23a5019007fcda0 | Iran | Iran's climate ranges from arid or semiarid, to subtropical along the Caspian coast and the northern forests. On the northern edge of the country (the Caspian coastal plain) temperatures rarely fall below freezing and the area remains humid for the rest of the year. Summer temperatures rarely exceed 29 °C (84.2 °F). An... | What is the annual precipitation in Iran's western plains? | What is the annual precipitation in Iran's western plains? | [
"What is the annual precipitation in Iran's western plains?"
] | {
"text": [
"1,700 mm (66.9 in)"
],
"answer_start": [
406
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110764 | 57301cdea23a5019007fcda1 | Iran | Iran's climate ranges from arid or semiarid, to subtropical along the Caspian coast and the northern forests. On the northern edge of the country (the Caspian coastal plain) temperatures rarely fall below freezing and the area remains humid for the rest of the year. Summer temperatures rarely exceed 29 °C (84.2 °F). An... | According to Gary Lewis of the UN, what is the most pressing human security challenge in Iran? | According to Gary Lewis of the UN, what is the most pressing human security challenge in Iran? | [
"According to Gary Lewis of the UN, what is the most pressing human security challenge in Iran?"
] | {
"text": [
"Water scarcity"
],
"answer_start": [
517
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110765 | 57301dc9947a6a140053d132 | Iran | To the west, settlements in the Zagros basin experience lower temperatures, severe winters with below zero average daily temperatures and heavy snowfall. The eastern and central basins are arid, with less than 200 mm (7.9 in) of rain, and have occasional deserts. Average summer temperatures rarely exceed 38 °C (100.4 °... | In Iran's western Zagros Basin, what are the average daily temperatures during winter? | In Iran's western Zagros Basin, what are the average daily temperatures during winter? | [
"In Iran's western Zagros Basin, what are the average daily temperatures during winter?"
] | {
"text": [
"below zero"
],
"answer_start": [
96
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110766 | 57301dc9947a6a140053d133 | Iran | To the west, settlements in the Zagros basin experience lower temperatures, severe winters with below zero average daily temperatures and heavy snowfall. The eastern and central basins are arid, with less than 200 mm (7.9 in) of rain, and have occasional deserts. Average summer temperatures rarely exceed 38 °C (100.4 °... | In Iran's western Zagros Basin, temperatures do not exceed what level during the summer? | In Iran's western Zagros Basin, temperatures do not exceed what level during the summer? | [
"In Iran's western Zagros Basin, temperatures do not exceed what level during the summer? "
] | {
"text": [
"38 °C (100.4 °F)"
],
"answer_start": [
306
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110767 | 57301dc9947a6a140053d134 | Iran | To the west, settlements in the Zagros basin experience lower temperatures, severe winters with below zero average daily temperatures and heavy snowfall. The eastern and central basins are arid, with less than 200 mm (7.9 in) of rain, and have occasional deserts. Average summer temperatures rarely exceed 38 °C (100.4 °... | The eastern and central basins of Iran experience how much annual precipitation? | The eastern and central basins of Iran experience how much annual precipitation? | [
"The eastern and central basins of Iran experience how much annual precipitation?"
] | {
"text": [
"less than 200 mm (7.9 in) of rain"
],
"answer_start": [
200
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110768 | 57301dc9947a6a140053d135 | Iran | To the west, settlements in the Zagros basin experience lower temperatures, severe winters with below zero average daily temperatures and heavy snowfall. The eastern and central basins are arid, with less than 200 mm (7.9 in) of rain, and have occasional deserts. Average summer temperatures rarely exceed 38 °C (100.4 °... | What is the coastal plains of Iran's annual precipitation ranges? | What is the coastal plains of Iran's annual precipitation ranges? | [
"What is the coastal plains of Iran's annual precipitation ranges?"
] | {
"text": [
"135 to 355 mm (5.3 to 14.0 in)"
],
"answer_start": [
485
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110769 | 5730220f04bcaa1900d771f1 | Iran | At least 74 species of Iranian wildlife are on the red list of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature, a sign of serious threats against the country’s biodiversity. The Iranian Parliament has been showing disregard for wildlife by passing laws and regulations such as the act that lets the Ministry of In... | How many species of Iranian wildlife are listed by the IUCN as endangered? | How many species of Iranian wildlife are listed by the IUCN as endangered? | [
"How many species of Iranian wildlife are listed by the IUCN as endangered?"
] | {
"text": [
"74 species"
],
"answer_start": [
9
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110770 | 5730220f04bcaa1900d771f2 | Iran | At least 74 species of Iranian wildlife are on the red list of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature, a sign of serious threats against the country’s biodiversity. The Iranian Parliament has been showing disregard for wildlife by passing laws and regulations such as the act that lets the Ministry of In... | The Iranian Parliament lets who exploit mines without guidance from the Department of the Environment? | The Iranian Parliament lets who exploit mines without guidance from the Department of the Environment? | [
"The Iranian Parliament lets who exploit mines without guidance from the Department of the Environment?"
] | {
"text": [
"Ministry of Industries and Mines"
],
"answer_start": [
306
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110771 | 5730220f04bcaa1900d771f3 | Iran | At least 74 species of Iranian wildlife are on the red list of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature, a sign of serious threats against the country’s biodiversity. The Iranian Parliament has been showing disregard for wildlife by passing laws and regulations such as the act that lets the Ministry of In... | The Iranian Parliament does not demand environmental impact studies before approving what projects? | The Iranian Parliament does not demand environmental impact studies before approving what projects? | [
"The Iranian Parliament does not demand environmental impact studies before approving what projects?"
] | {
"text": [
"large national development projects"
],
"answer_start": [
428
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110772 | 5730220f04bcaa1900d771f4 | Iran | At least 74 species of Iranian wildlife are on the red list of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature, a sign of serious threats against the country’s biodiversity. The Iranian Parliament has been showing disregard for wildlife by passing laws and regulations such as the act that lets the Ministry of In... | The Iranian Parliament passes legislation without the involvement of what department to the detriment of wildlife? | The Iranian Parliament passes legislation without the involvement of what department to the detriment of wildlife? | [
"The Iranian Parliament passes legislation without the involvement of what department to the detriment of wildlife?"
] | {
"text": [
"Department of Environment"
],
"answer_start": [
384
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110773 | 573023baa23a5019007fce2d | Iran | Shiraz, with a population of around 1.4 million (2011 census), is the sixth major city of Iran. It is the capital of Fars Province, and was also a former capital of Iran. The area was greatly influenced by the Babylonian civilization, and after the emergence of the ancient Persians, soon came to be known as Persis. Per... | What is the sixth most populous city of Iran? | What is the sixth most populous city of Iran? | [
"What is the sixth most populous city of Iran?"
] | {
"text": [
"Shiraz"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110774 | 573023baa23a5019007fce2e | Iran | Shiraz, with a population of around 1.4 million (2011 census), is the sixth major city of Iran. It is the capital of Fars Province, and was also a former capital of Iran. The area was greatly influenced by the Babylonian civilization, and after the emergence of the ancient Persians, soon came to be known as Persis. Per... | What is Shiraz' population by the 2011 Census? | What is Shiraz' population by the 2011 Census? | [
"What is Shiraz' population by the 2011 Census?"
] | {
"text": [
"1.4 million"
],
"answer_start": [
36
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110775 | 573023baa23a5019007fce2f | Iran | Shiraz, with a population of around 1.4 million (2011 census), is the sixth major city of Iran. It is the capital of Fars Province, and was also a former capital of Iran. The area was greatly influenced by the Babylonian civilization, and after the emergence of the ancient Persians, soon came to be known as Persis. Per... | Shiraz is the capital of what Province? | Shiraz is the capital of what Province? | [
"Shiraz is the capital of what Province?"
] | {
"text": [
"Fars Province"
],
"answer_start": [
117
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110776 | 573023baa23a5019007fce30 | Iran | Shiraz, with a population of around 1.4 million (2011 census), is the sixth major city of Iran. It is the capital of Fars Province, and was also a former capital of Iran. The area was greatly influenced by the Babylonian civilization, and after the emergence of the ancient Persians, soon came to be known as Persis. Per... | What ancient civilization has majorly influenced the Fars Province? | What ancient civilization has majorly influenced the Fars Province? | [
"What ancient civilization has majorly influenced the Fars Province?"
] | {
"text": [
"Babylonian civilization"
],
"answer_start": [
210
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110777 | 573023baa23a5019007fce31 | Iran | Shiraz, with a population of around 1.4 million (2011 census), is the sixth major city of Iran. It is the capital of Fars Province, and was also a former capital of Iran. The area was greatly influenced by the Babylonian civilization, and after the emergence of the ancient Persians, soon came to be known as Persis. Per... | Persians have been in the Fars Province since what century? | Persians have been in the Fars Province since what century? | [
"Persians have been in the Fars Province since what century?"
] | {
"text": [
"9th century BC"
],
"answer_start": [
363
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110778 | 5730247fb2c2fd1400568945 | Iran | The political system of the Islamic Republic is based on the 1979 Constitution, and comprises several intricately connected governing bodies. The Leader of the Revolution ("Supreme Leader") is responsible for delineation and supervision of the general policies of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The Supreme Leader is Comm... | The Iranina Islamic Republic is based on what document? | The Iranina Islamic Republic is based on what document? | [
"The Iranina Islamic Republic is based on what document?"
] | {
"text": [
"the 1979 Constitution"
],
"answer_start": [
57
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110779 | 5730247fb2c2fd1400568946 | Iran | The political system of the Islamic Republic is based on the 1979 Constitution, and comprises several intricately connected governing bodies. The Leader of the Revolution ("Supreme Leader") is responsible for delineation and supervision of the general policies of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The Supreme Leader is Comm... | What is the Leader of the Revolution also known as? | What is the Leader of the Revolution also known as? | [
"What is the Leader of the Revolution also known as?"
] | {
"text": [
"Supreme Leader"
],
"answer_start": [
173
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110780 | 5730247fb2c2fd1400568947 | Iran | The political system of the Islamic Republic is based on the 1979 Constitution, and comprises several intricately connected governing bodies. The Leader of the Revolution ("Supreme Leader") is responsible for delineation and supervision of the general policies of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The Supreme Leader is Comm... | Who is the Commander in Chief of the Iranian Army? | Who is the Commander in Chief of the Iranian Army? | [
"Who is the Commander in Chief of the Iranian Army?"
] | {
"text": [
"The Supreme Leader"
],
"answer_start": [
294
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110781 | 5730247fb2c2fd1400568948 | Iran | The political system of the Islamic Republic is based on the 1979 Constitution, and comprises several intricately connected governing bodies. The Leader of the Revolution ("Supreme Leader") is responsible for delineation and supervision of the general policies of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The Supreme Leader is Comm... | The Supreme Leader appoints how many members of the Guardian Council? | The Supreme Leader appoints how many members of the Guardian Council? | [
"The Supreme Leader appoints how many members of the Guardian Council?"
] | {
"text": [
"six"
],
"answer_start": [
578
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110782 | 5730247fb2c2fd1400568949 | Iran | The political system of the Islamic Republic is based on the 1979 Constitution, and comprises several intricately connected governing bodies. The Leader of the Revolution ("Supreme Leader") is responsible for delineation and supervision of the general policies of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The Supreme Leader is Comm... | Who is responsible for electing and dismissing the Supreme Leader? | Who is responsible for electing and dismissing the Supreme Leader? | [
"Who is responsible for electing and dismissing the Supreme Leader?"
] | {
"text": [
"The Assembly of Experts"
],
"answer_start": [
665
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110783 | 57302525a23a5019007fce5b | Iran | The President is responsible for the implementation of the Constitution and for the exercise of executive powers, except for matters directly related to the Supreme Leader, who has the final say in all matters. The President appoints and supervises the Council of Ministers, coordinates government decisions, and selects... | In Iran, who has the final say in all matters directly related to the Supreme Leader? | In Iran, who has the final say in all matters directly related to the Supreme Leader? | [
"In Iran, who has the final say in all matters directly related to the Supreme Leader?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Supreme Leader"
],
"answer_start": [
153
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110784 | 57302525a23a5019007fce5c | Iran | The President is responsible for the implementation of the Constitution and for the exercise of executive powers, except for matters directly related to the Supreme Leader, who has the final say in all matters. The President appoints and supervises the Council of Ministers, coordinates government decisions, and selects... | Who exercises exective powers in Iran? | Who exercises exective powers in Iran? | [
"Who exercises exective powers in Iran?"
] | {
"text": [
"The President"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110785 | 57302525a23a5019007fce5d | Iran | The President is responsible for the implementation of the Constitution and for the exercise of executive powers, except for matters directly related to the Supreme Leader, who has the final say in all matters. The President appoints and supervises the Council of Ministers, coordinates government decisions, and selects... | The Council of Ministers is appointed and supervised by who? | The Council of Ministers is appointed and supervised by who? | [
"The Council of Ministers is appointed and supervised by who?"
] | {
"text": [
"The President"
],
"answer_start": [
211
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110786 | 57302525a23a5019007fce5e | Iran | The President is responsible for the implementation of the Constitution and for the exercise of executive powers, except for matters directly related to the Supreme Leader, who has the final say in all matters. The President appoints and supervises the Council of Ministers, coordinates government decisions, and selects... | How many Vice-Presidents serve under the President in Iran? | How many Vice-Presidents serve under the President in Iran? | [
"How many Vice-Presidents serve under the President in Iran?"
] | {
"text": [
"Eight"
],
"answer_start": [
378
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110787 | 57302525a23a5019007fce5f | Iran | The President is responsible for the implementation of the Constitution and for the exercise of executive powers, except for matters directly related to the Supreme Leader, who has the final say in all matters. The President appoints and supervises the Council of Ministers, coordinates government decisions, and selects... | The legislature approves the 8 vice presidents and how many cabinet members? | The legislature approves the 8 vice presidents and how many cabinet members? | [
"The legislature approves the 8 vice presidents and how many cabinet members?"
] | {
"text": [
"twenty-two"
],
"answer_start": [
451
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110788 | 5730265d04bcaa1900d77237 | Iran | The Guardian Council comprises twelve jurists including six appointed by the Supreme Leader. The others are elected by the Iranian Parliament from among the jurists nominated by the Head of the Judiciary. The Council interprets the constitution and may veto Parliament. If a law is deemed incompatible with the constitut... | How many jurists are in the Guardian Council? | How many jurists are in the Guardian Council? | [
"How many jurists are in the Guardian Council?"
] | {
"text": [
"twelve jurists"
],
"answer_start": [
31
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110789 | 5730265d04bcaa1900d77238 | Iran | The Guardian Council comprises twelve jurists including six appointed by the Supreme Leader. The others are elected by the Iranian Parliament from among the jurists nominated by the Head of the Judiciary. The Council interprets the constitution and may veto Parliament. If a law is deemed incompatible with the constitut... | Who can veto Parliament? | Who can veto Parliament? | [
"Who can veto Parliament?"
] | {
"text": [
"The Guardian Council"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110790 | 5730265d04bcaa1900d77239 | Iran | The Guardian Council comprises twelve jurists including six appointed by the Supreme Leader. The others are elected by the Iranian Parliament from among the jurists nominated by the Head of the Judiciary. The Council interprets the constitution and may veto Parliament. If a law is deemed incompatible with the constitut... | What Council acts as a mediator when there are disputes between the Parliament and the Guardian Council? | What Council acts as a mediator when there are disputes between the Parliament and the Guardian Council? | [
"What Council acts as a mediator when there are disputes between the Parliament and the Guardian Council?"
] | {
"text": [
"The Expediency Council"
],
"answer_start": [
397
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110791 | 5730265d04bcaa1900d7723a | Iran | The Guardian Council comprises twelve jurists including six appointed by the Supreme Leader. The others are elected by the Iranian Parliament from among the jurists nominated by the Head of the Judiciary. The Council interprets the constitution and may veto Parliament. If a law is deemed incompatible with the constitut... | How long are the terms of local city councils that are present in all Iranian cities and villages? | How long are the terms of local city councils that are present in all Iranian cities and villages? | [
"How long are the terms of local city councils that are present in all Iranian cities and villages?"
] | {
"text": [
"four-year terms"
],
"answer_start": [
675
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110792 | 5730265d04bcaa1900d7723b | Iran | The Guardian Council comprises twelve jurists including six appointed by the Supreme Leader. The others are elected by the Iranian Parliament from among the jurists nominated by the Head of the Judiciary. The Council interprets the constitution and may veto Parliament. If a law is deemed incompatible with the constitut... | Who is responsible for interpreting the Constitution? | Who is responsible for interpreting the Constitution? | [
"Who is responsible for interpreting the Constitution?"
] | {
"text": [
"The Guardian Council"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110793 | 57302728947a6a140053d1a2 | Iran | The Special Clerical Court handles crimes allegedly committed by clerics, although it has also taken on cases involving lay people. The Special Clerical Court functions independently of the regular judicial framework and is accountable only to the Supreme Leader. The Court's rulings are final and cannot be appealed. Th... | When crimes are committed by clerics, who handles the cases? | When crimes are committed by clerics, who handles the cases? | [
"When crimes are committed by clerics, who handles the cases?"
] | {
"text": [
"The Special Clerical Court"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110794 | 57302728947a6a140053d1a3 | Iran | The Special Clerical Court handles crimes allegedly committed by clerics, although it has also taken on cases involving lay people. The Special Clerical Court functions independently of the regular judicial framework and is accountable only to the Supreme Leader. The Court's rulings are final and cannot be appealed. Th... | The Special Clerical Court is accountable to only which body? | The Special Clerical Court is accountable to only which body? | [
"The Special Clerical Court is accountable to only which body?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Supreme Leader"
],
"answer_start": [
244
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110795 | 57302728947a6a140053d1a4 | Iran | The Special Clerical Court handles crimes allegedly committed by clerics, although it has also taken on cases involving lay people. The Special Clerical Court functions independently of the regular judicial framework and is accountable only to the Supreme Leader. The Court's rulings are final and cannot be appealed. Th... | How often does the Assembly of Experts meet? | How often does the Assembly of Experts meet? | [
"How often does the Assembly of Experts meet?"
] | {
"text": [
"one week annually"
],
"answer_start": [
359
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110796 | 57302728947a6a140053d1a5 | Iran | The Special Clerical Court handles crimes allegedly committed by clerics, although it has also taken on cases involving lay people. The Special Clerical Court functions independently of the regular judicial framework and is accountable only to the Supreme Leader. The Court's rulings are final and cannot be appealed. Th... | The Assembly of Experts has how many clerics? | The Assembly of Experts has how many clerics? | [
"The Assembly of Experts has how many clerics?"
] | {
"text": [
"86"
],
"answer_start": [
388
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110797 | 57302728947a6a140053d1a6 | Iran | The Special Clerical Court handles crimes allegedly committed by clerics, although it has also taken on cases involving lay people. The Special Clerical Court functions independently of the regular judicial framework and is accountable only to the Supreme Leader. The Court's rulings are final and cannot be appealed. Th... | Which body can remove the Supreme Leader at any time by constitutional right? | Which body can remove the Supreme Leader at any time by constitutional right? | [
"Which body can remove the Supreme Leader at any time by constitutional right?"
] | {
"text": [
"The Assembly of Experts"
],
"answer_start": [
318
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110798 | 57302839b2c2fd140056898b | Iran | Since 2005, Iran's nuclear program has become the subject of contention with the international community following earlier quotes of Iranian leadership favoring the use of an atomic bomb against Iran's enemies and in particular Israel. Many countries have expressed concern that Iran's nuclear program could divert civil... | Iran's nuclear program has caused discord within the international community since when? | Iran's nuclear program has caused discord within the international community since when? | [
"Iran's nuclear program has caused discord within the international community since when?"
] | {
"text": [
"Since 2005"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110799 | 57302839b2c2fd140056898c | Iran | Since 2005, Iran's nuclear program has become the subject of contention with the international community following earlier quotes of Iranian leadership favoring the use of an atomic bomb against Iran's enemies and in particular Israel. Many countries have expressed concern that Iran's nuclear program could divert civil... | Which country did Iran's leadership was quoted as being a possible target of its atomic weapons? | Which country did Iran's leadership was quoted as being a possible target of its atomic weapons? | [
"Which country did Iran's leadership was quoted as being a possible target of its atomic weapons? "
] | {
"text": [
"Israel"
],
"answer_start": [
228
]
} |
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