gem_id stringlengths 20 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringlengths 3 59 | context stringlengths 151 3.71k | question stringlengths 1 270 | target stringlengths 1 270 | references list | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-11600 | 56fa00e2f34c681400b0bf4d | Somalis | According to most scholars, the ancient Land of Punt and its inhabitants formed part of the ethnogenesis of the Somali people. The ancient Puntites were a nation of people that had close relations with Pharaonic Egypt during the times of Pharaoh Sahure and Queen Hatshepsut. The pyramidal structures, temples and ancient... | Who was a Queen of Egypt during the time when Punt and Egypt were close? | Who was a Queen of Egypt during the time when Punt and Egypt were close? | [
"Who was a Queen of Egypt during the time when Punt and Egypt were close?"
] | {
"text": [
"Hatshepsut"
],
"answer_start": [
263
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11601 | 56fa00e2f34c681400b0bf4e | Somalis | According to most scholars, the ancient Land of Punt and its inhabitants formed part of the ethnogenesis of the Somali people. The ancient Puntites were a nation of people that had close relations with Pharaonic Egypt during the times of Pharaoh Sahure and Queen Hatshepsut. The pyramidal structures, temples and ancient... | Along with houses of dressed stone, what ancient architecture may have been influenced by Egypt? | Along with houses of dressed stone, what ancient architecture may have been influenced by Egypt? | [
"Along with houses of dressed stone, what ancient architecture may have been influenced by Egypt?"
] | {
"text": [
"pyramidal structures"
],
"answer_start": [
279
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11602 | 56fa01668f12f3190063005b | Somalis | In the classical era, several ancient city-states such as Opone, Essina, Sarapion, Nikon, Malao, Damo and Mosylon near Cape Guardafui, which competed with the Sabaeans, Parthians and Axumites for the wealthy Indo-Greco-Roman trade, also flourished in Somalia. | Near what headland was Mosylon located? | Near what headland was Mosylon located? | [
"Near what headland was Mosylon located?"
] | {
"text": [
"Cape Guardafui"
],
"answer_start": [
119
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11603 | 56fa01668f12f3190063005c | Somalis | In the classical era, several ancient city-states such as Opone, Essina, Sarapion, Nikon, Malao, Damo and Mosylon near Cape Guardafui, which competed with the Sabaeans, Parthians and Axumites for the wealthy Indo-Greco-Roman trade, also flourished in Somalia. | Along with Mosylon, Malao, Nikon, Sarapion, Opone and Essina, what city-state flourished in ancient Somalia? | Along with Mosylon, Malao, Nikon, Sarapion, Opone and Essina, what city-state flourished in ancient Somalia? | [
"Along with Mosylon, Malao, Nikon, Sarapion, Opone and Essina, what city-state flourished in ancient Somalia?"
] | {
"text": [
"Damo"
],
"answer_start": [
97
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11604 | 56fa01668f12f3190063005d | Somalis | In the classical era, several ancient city-states such as Opone, Essina, Sarapion, Nikon, Malao, Damo and Mosylon near Cape Guardafui, which competed with the Sabaeans, Parthians and Axumites for the wealthy Indo-Greco-Roman trade, also flourished in Somalia. | Along with the Parthians and Axumites, who were the commercial competitors of the ancient Somalis? | Along with the Parthians and Axumites, who were the commercial competitors of the ancient Somalis? | [
"Along with the Parthians and Axumites, who were the commercial competitors of the ancient Somalis?"
] | {
"text": [
"Sabaeans"
],
"answer_start": [
159
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11605 | 56fa01668f12f3190063005e | Somalis | In the classical era, several ancient city-states such as Opone, Essina, Sarapion, Nikon, Malao, Damo and Mosylon near Cape Guardafui, which competed with the Sabaeans, Parthians and Axumites for the wealthy Indo-Greco-Roman trade, also flourished in Somalia. | What trade did the ancient Somalis and others compete for? | What trade did the ancient Somalis and others compete for? | [
"What trade did the ancient Somalis and others compete for?"
] | {
"text": [
"Indo-Greco-Roman"
],
"answer_start": [
208
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11606 | 56fa01e88f12f31900630063 | Somalis | The birth of Islam on the opposite side of Somalia's Red Sea coast meant that Somali merchants, sailors and expatriates living in the Arabian Peninsula gradually came under the influence of the new religion through their converted Arab Muslim trading partners. With the migration of fleeing Muslim families from the Isla... | What body of water separated Somalia from the land where Islam was born? | What body of water separated Somalia from the land where Islam was born? | [
"What body of water separated Somalia from the land where Islam was born?"
] | {
"text": [
"Red Sea"
],
"answer_start": [
53
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11607 | 56fa01e88f12f31900630064 | Somalis | The birth of Islam on the opposite side of Somalia's Red Sea coast meant that Somali merchants, sailors and expatriates living in the Arabian Peninsula gradually came under the influence of the new religion through their converted Arab Muslim trading partners. With the migration of fleeing Muslim families from the Isla... | In what location was Islam born? | In what location was Islam born? | [
"In what location was Islam born?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Arabian Peninsula"
],
"answer_start": [
130
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11608 | 56fa01e88f12f31900630065 | Somalis | The birth of Islam on the opposite side of Somalia's Red Sea coast meant that Somali merchants, sailors and expatriates living in the Arabian Peninsula gradually came under the influence of the new religion through their converted Arab Muslim trading partners. With the migration of fleeing Muslim families from the Isla... | What civilization was Mogadishu a part of? | What civilization was Mogadishu a part of? | [
"What civilization was Mogadishu a part of?"
] | {
"text": [
"Berberi"
],
"answer_start": [
608
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11609 | 56fa01e88f12f31900630066 | Somalis | The birth of Islam on the opposite side of Somalia's Red Sea coast meant that Somali merchants, sailors and expatriates living in the Arabian Peninsula gradually came under the influence of the new religion through their converted Arab Muslim trading partners. With the migration of fleeing Muslim families from the Isla... | What was another name for Mogadishu? | What was another name for Mogadishu? | [
"What was another name for Mogadishu?"
] | {
"text": [
"the City of Islam"
],
"answer_start": [
672
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11610 | 56fa01e88f12f31900630067 | Somalis | The birth of Islam on the opposite side of Somalia's Red Sea coast meant that Somali merchants, sailors and expatriates living in the Arabian Peninsula gradually came under the influence of the new religion through their converted Arab Muslim trading partners. With the migration of fleeing Muslim families from the Isla... | The trade of what luxury in East Africa was once centered on Mogadishu? | The trade of what luxury in East Africa was once centered on Mogadishu? | [
"The trade of what luxury in East Africa was once centered on Mogadishu?"
] | {
"text": [
"gold"
],
"answer_start": [
723
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11611 | 56fa02b68f12f31900630077 | Somalis | The Sultanate of Ifat, led by the Walashma dynasty with its capital at Zeila, ruled over parts of what is now eastern Ethiopia, Djibouti, and northern Somalia. The historian al-Umari records that Ifat was situated near the Red Sea coast, and states its size as 15 days travel by 20 days travel. Its army numbered 15,000 ... | What dynasty ruled the Sultanate of Ifat? | What dynasty ruled the Sultanate of Ifat? | [
"What dynasty ruled the Sultanate of Ifat?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Walashma dynasty"
],
"answer_start": [
30
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11612 | 56fa02b68f12f31900630078 | Somalis | The Sultanate of Ifat, led by the Walashma dynasty with its capital at Zeila, ruled over parts of what is now eastern Ethiopia, Djibouti, and northern Somalia. The historian al-Umari records that Ifat was situated near the Red Sea coast, and states its size as 15 days travel by 20 days travel. Its army numbered 15,000 ... | What was the capital of the Sultanate of Ifat? | What was the capital of the Sultanate of Ifat? | [
"What was the capital of the Sultanate of Ifat?"
] | {
"text": [
"Zeila"
],
"answer_start": [
71
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11613 | 56fa02b68f12f31900630079 | Somalis | The Sultanate of Ifat, led by the Walashma dynasty with its capital at Zeila, ruled over parts of what is now eastern Ethiopia, Djibouti, and northern Somalia. The historian al-Umari records that Ifat was situated near the Red Sea coast, and states its size as 15 days travel by 20 days travel. Its army numbered 15,000 ... | Along with parts of Ethiopia and Somalia, in what modern-day country was the Sultanate of Ifat located? | Along with parts of Ethiopia and Somalia, in what modern-day country was the Sultanate of Ifat located? | [
"Along with parts of Ethiopia and Somalia, in what modern-day country was the Sultanate of Ifat located?"
] | {
"text": [
"Djibouti"
],
"answer_start": [
128
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11614 | 56fa02b68f12f3190063007a | Somalis | The Sultanate of Ifat, led by the Walashma dynasty with its capital at Zeila, ruled over parts of what is now eastern Ethiopia, Djibouti, and northern Somalia. The historian al-Umari records that Ifat was situated near the Red Sea coast, and states its size as 15 days travel by 20 days travel. Its army numbered 15,000 ... | According to al-Umari, how many cavalry did the Sultanate of Ifat have? | According to al-Umari, how many cavalry did the Sultanate of Ifat have? | [
"According to al-Umari, how many cavalry did the Sultanate of Ifat have?"
] | {
"text": [
"15,000"
],
"answer_start": [
313
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11615 | 56fa02b68f12f3190063007b | Somalis | The Sultanate of Ifat, led by the Walashma dynasty with its capital at Zeila, ruled over parts of what is now eastern Ethiopia, Djibouti, and northern Somalia. The historian al-Umari records that Ifat was situated near the Red Sea coast, and states its size as 15 days travel by 20 days travel. Its army numbered 15,000 ... | Near what body of water did al-Umari say Ifat was located? | Near what body of water did al-Umari say Ifat was located? | [
"Near what body of water did al-Umari say Ifat was located?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Red Sea"
],
"answer_start": [
219
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11616 | 56fa03388f12f31900630081 | Somalis | In the Middle Ages, several powerful Somali empires dominated the regional trade including the Ajuran Sultanate, which excelled in hydraulic engineering and fortress building, the Sultanate of Adal, whose general Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi (Ahmed Gurey) was the first commander to use cannon warfare on the continent dur... | What Somali polity of the Middle Ages was known for its fortresses? | What Somali polity of the Middle Ages was known for its fortresses? | [
"What Somali polity of the Middle Ages was known for its fortresses?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Ajuran Sultanate"
],
"answer_start": [
91
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11617 | 56fa03388f12f31900630082 | Somalis | In the Middle Ages, several powerful Somali empires dominated the regional trade including the Ajuran Sultanate, which excelled in hydraulic engineering and fortress building, the Sultanate of Adal, whose general Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi (Ahmed Gurey) was the first commander to use cannon warfare on the continent dur... | What state employed Abmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi? | What state employed Abmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi? | [
"What state employed Abmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Sultanate of Adal"
],
"answer_start": [
176
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11618 | 56fa03388f12f31900630083 | Somalis | In the Middle Ages, several powerful Somali empires dominated the regional trade including the Ajuran Sultanate, which excelled in hydraulic engineering and fortress building, the Sultanate of Adal, whose general Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi (Ahmed Gurey) was the first commander to use cannon warfare on the continent dur... | What was another name by which Abmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi was known? | What was another name by which Abmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi was known? | [
"What was another name by which Abmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi was known?"
] | {
"text": [
"Ahmed Gurey"
],
"answer_start": [
241
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11619 | 56fa03388f12f31900630084 | Somalis | In the Middle Ages, several powerful Somali empires dominated the regional trade including the Ajuran Sultanate, which excelled in hydraulic engineering and fortress building, the Sultanate of Adal, whose general Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi (Ahmed Gurey) was the first commander to use cannon warfare on the continent dur... | What state did Adal conquer? | What state did Adal conquer? | [
"What state did Adal conquer?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Ethiopian Empire"
],
"answer_start": [
343
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11620 | 56fa03388f12f31900630085 | Somalis | In the Middle Ages, several powerful Somali empires dominated the regional trade including the Ajuran Sultanate, which excelled in hydraulic engineering and fortress building, the Sultanate of Adal, whose general Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi (Ahmed Gurey) was the first commander to use cannon warfare on the continent dur... | What Somali leader received tribute from the Omani empire? | What Somali leader received tribute from the Omani empire? | [
"What Somali leader received tribute from the Omani empire?"
] | {
"text": [
"Sultan Ahmed Yusuf"
],
"answer_start": [
515
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11621 | 56fa04418f12f3190063008b | Somalis | In the late 19th century, after the Berlin conference had ended, European empires sailed with their armies to the Horn of Africa. The imperial clouds wavering over Somalia alarmed the Dervish leader Mohammed Abdullah Hassan, who gathered Somali soldiers from across the Horn of Africa and began one of the longest anti-c... | What states supported the Dervish State? | What states supported the Dervish State? | [
"What states supported the Dervish State?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Ottoman and German empires"
],
"answer_start": [
547
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11622 | 56fa04418f12f3190063008c | Somalis | In the late 19th century, after the Berlin conference had ended, European empires sailed with their armies to the Horn of Africa. The imperial clouds wavering over Somalia alarmed the Dervish leader Mohammed Abdullah Hassan, who gathered Somali soldiers from across the Horn of Africa and began one of the longest anti-c... | In what year did the British defeat the Dervishes? | In what year did the British defeat the Dervishes? | [
"In what year did the British defeat the Dervishes?"
] | {
"text": [
"1920"
],
"answer_start": [
829
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11623 | 56fa04418f12f3190063008d | Somalis | In the late 19th century, after the Berlin conference had ended, European empires sailed with their armies to the Horn of Africa. The imperial clouds wavering over Somalia alarmed the Dervish leader Mohammed Abdullah Hassan, who gathered Somali soldiers from across the Horn of Africa and began one of the longest anti-c... | What was the capital of the Dervish State? | What was the capital of the Dervish State? | [
"What was the capital of the Dervish State?"
] | {
"text": [
"Taleex"
],
"answer_start": [
923
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11624 | 56fa04418f12f3190063008e | Somalis | In the late 19th century, after the Berlin conference had ended, European empires sailed with their armies to the Horn of Africa. The imperial clouds wavering over Somalia alarmed the Dervish leader Mohammed Abdullah Hassan, who gathered Somali soldiers from across the Horn of Africa and began one of the longest anti-c... | In what year did Fascist Italy achieve full control of Somalia? | In what year did Fascist Italy achieve full control of Somalia? | [
"In what year did Fascist Italy achieve full control of Somalia?"
] | {
"text": [
"1927"
],
"answer_start": [
1198
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11625 | 56fa04418f12f3190063008f | Somalis | In the late 19th century, after the Berlin conference had ended, European empires sailed with their armies to the Horn of Africa. The imperial clouds wavering over Somalia alarmed the Dervish leader Mohammed Abdullah Hassan, who gathered Somali soldiers from across the Horn of Africa and began one of the longest anti-c... | In what year did the Italian occupation of Somalia end? | In what year did the Italian occupation of Somalia end? | [
"In what year did the Italian occupation of Somalia end?"
] | {
"text": [
"1941"
],
"answer_start": [
1232
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11626 | 56fa051df34c681400b0bf53 | Somalis | Following World War II, Britain retained control of both British Somaliland and Italian Somaliland as protectorates. In 1945, during the Potsdam Conference, the United Nations granted Italy trusteeship of Italian Somaliland, but only under close supervision and on the condition — first proposed by the Somali Youth Leag... | Along with British Somaliland, what country in the region was a British protectorate after the Second World War? | Along with British Somaliland, what country in the region was a British protectorate after the Second World War? | [
"Along with British Somaliland, what country in the region was a British protectorate after the Second World War?"
] | {
"text": [
"Italian Somaliland"
],
"answer_start": [
80
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11627 | 56fa051df34c681400b0bf54 | Somalis | Following World War II, Britain retained control of both British Somaliland and Italian Somaliland as protectorates. In 1945, during the Potsdam Conference, the United Nations granted Italy trusteeship of Italian Somaliland, but only under close supervision and on the condition — first proposed by the Somali Youth Leag... | At what meeting did the United Nations give Italy trusteeship of Italian Somaliland? | At what meeting did the United Nations give Italy trusteeship of Italian Somaliland? | [
"At what meeting did the United Nations give Italy trusteeship of Italian Somaliland?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Potsdam Conference"
],
"answer_start": [
133
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11628 | 56fa051df34c681400b0bf55 | Somalis | Following World War II, Britain retained control of both British Somaliland and Italian Somaliland as protectorates. In 1945, during the Potsdam Conference, the United Nations granted Italy trusteeship of Italian Somaliland, but only under close supervision and on the condition — first proposed by the Somali Youth Leag... | Along with the Somali Youth League and Somali National League, what was an early Somali political organization? | Along with the Somali Youth League and Somali National League, what was an early Somali political organization? | [
"Along with the Somali Youth League and Somali National League, what was an early Somali political organization?"
] | {
"text": [
"Hizbia Digil Mirifle Somali"
],
"answer_start": [
387
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11629 | 56fa051df34c681400b0bf56 | Somalis | Following World War II, Britain retained control of both British Somaliland and Italian Somaliland as protectorates. In 1945, during the Potsdam Conference, the United Nations granted Italy trusteeship of Italian Somaliland, but only under close supervision and on the condition — first proposed by the Somali Youth Leag... | How many years would Italy have to allow Italian Somaliland to become independent? | How many years would Italy have to allow Italian Somaliland to become independent? | [
"How many years would Italy have to allow Italian Somaliland to become independent? "
] | {
"text": [
"ten"
],
"answer_start": [
502
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11630 | 56fa051df34c681400b0bf57 | Somalis | Following World War II, Britain retained control of both British Somaliland and Italian Somaliland as protectorates. In 1945, during the Potsdam Conference, the United Nations granted Italy trusteeship of Italian Somaliland, but only under close supervision and on the condition — first proposed by the Somali Youth Leag... | In what year was the British protectorate over British Somaliland ended? | In what year was the British protectorate over British Somaliland ended? | [
"In what year was the British protectorate over British Somaliland ended?"
] | {
"text": [
"1960"
],
"answer_start": [
573
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11631 | 56fa07ecf34c681400b0bf65 | Somalis | To the extent that Italy held the territory by UN mandate, the trusteeship provisions gave the Somalis the opportunity to gain experience in political education and self-government. These were advantages that British Somaliland, which was to be incorporated into the new Somali state, did not have. Although in the 1950s... | Along with the Haud, what area of Somalia was given to Ethiopia by the British? | Along with the Haud, what area of Somalia was given to Ethiopia by the British? | [
"Along with the Haud, what area of Somalia was given to Ethiopia by the British?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Ogaden"
],
"answer_start": [
895
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11632 | 56fa07ecf34c681400b0bf66 | Somalis | To the extent that Italy held the territory by UN mandate, the trusteeship provisions gave the Somalis the opportunity to gain experience in political education and self-government. These were advantages that British Somaliland, which was to be incorporated into the new Somali state, did not have. Although in the 1950s... | In what year did the British give the Haud to Ethiopia? | In what year did the British give the Haud to Ethiopia? | [
"In what year did the British give the Haud to Ethiopia?"
] | {
"text": [
"1948"
],
"answer_start": [
652
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11633 | 56fa07ecf34c681400b0bf67 | Somalis | To the extent that Italy held the territory by UN mandate, the trusteeship provisions gave the Somalis the opportunity to gain experience in political education and self-government. These were advantages that British Somaliland, which was to be incorporated into the new Somali state, did not have. Although in the 1950s... | The Ogaden was given to Ethiopia on the basis of a treaty signed by the British with what Ethiopian leader? | The Ogaden was given to Ethiopia on the basis of a treaty signed by the British with what Ethiopian leader? | [
"The Ogaden was given to Ethiopia on the basis of a treaty signed by the British with what Ethiopian leader?"
] | {
"text": [
"Emperor Menelik"
],
"answer_start": [
1018
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11634 | 56fa07ecf34c681400b0bf68 | Somalis | To the extent that Italy held the territory by UN mandate, the trusteeship provisions gave the Somalis the opportunity to gain experience in political education and self-government. These were advantages that British Somaliland, which was to be incorporated into the new Somali state, did not have. Although in the 1950s... | In what year did Britain try to purchase Somali lands from Ethiopia? | In what year did Britain try to purchase Somali lands from Ethiopia? | [
"In what year did Britain try to purchase Somali lands from Ethiopia?"
] | {
"text": [
"1956"
],
"answer_start": [
1280
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11635 | 56fa07ecf34c681400b0bf69 | Somalis | To the extent that Italy held the territory by UN mandate, the trusteeship provisions gave the Somalis the opportunity to gain experience in political education and self-government. These were advantages that British Somaliland, which was to be incorporated into the new Somali state, did not have. Although in the 1950s... | What people constituted almost the entire population of the Northern Frontier District? | What people constituted almost the entire population of the Northern Frontier District? | [
"What people constituted almost the entire population of the Northern Frontier District?"
] | {
"text": [
"Somali"
],
"answer_start": [
1396
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11636 | 56fa083af34c681400b0bf6f | Somalis | A referendum was held in neighboring Djibouti (then known as French Somaliland) in 1958, on the eve of Somalia's independence in 1960, to decide whether or not to join the Somali Republic or to remain with France. The referendum turned out in favour of a continued association with France, largely due to a combined yes ... | What was Djibouti called in 1958? | What was Djibouti called in 1958? | [
"What was Djibouti called in 1958?"
] | {
"text": [
"French Somaliland"
],
"answer_start": [
61
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11637 | 56fa083af34c681400b0bf70 | Somalis | A referendum was held in neighboring Djibouti (then known as French Somaliland) in 1958, on the eve of Somalia's independence in 1960, to decide whether or not to join the Somali Republic or to remain with France. The referendum turned out in favour of a continued association with France, largely due to a combined yes ... | In what year did Somalia become independent? | In what year did Somalia become independent? | [
"In what year did Somalia become independent?"
] | {
"text": [
"1960"
],
"answer_start": [
129
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11638 | 56fa083af34c681400b0bf71 | Somalis | A referendum was held in neighboring Djibouti (then known as French Somaliland) in 1958, on the eve of Somalia's independence in 1960, to decide whether or not to join the Somali Republic or to remain with France. The referendum turned out in favour of a continued association with France, largely due to a combined yes ... | What was Mahmoud Harbi's title? | What was Mahmoud Harbi's title? | [
"What was Mahmoud Harbi's title?"
] | {
"text": [
"Vice President of the Government Council"
],
"answer_start": [
654
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11639 | 56fa083af34c681400b0bf72 | Somalis | A referendum was held in neighboring Djibouti (then known as French Somaliland) in 1958, on the eve of Somalia's independence in 1960, to decide whether or not to join the Somali Republic or to remain with France. The referendum turned out in favour of a continued association with France, largely due to a combined yes ... | When did Djibouti achieve independence? | When did Djibouti achieve independence? | [
"When did Djibouti achieve independence?"
] | {
"text": [
"1977"
],
"answer_start": [
803
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11640 | 56fa083af34c681400b0bf73 | Somalis | A referendum was held in neighboring Djibouti (then known as French Somaliland) in 1958, on the eve of Somalia's independence in 1960, to decide whether or not to join the Somali Republic or to remain with France. The referendum turned out in favour of a continued association with France, largely due to a combined yes ... | Who was the first president of Djibouti? | Who was the first president of Djibouti? | [
"Who was the first president of Djibouti?"
] | {
"text": [
"Hassan Gouled Aptidon"
],
"answer_start": [
813
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11641 | 56fa08a8f34c681400b0bf79 | Somalis | British Somaliland became independent on 26 June 1960 as the State of Somaliland, and the Trust Territory of Somalia (the former Italian Somaliland) followed suit five days later. On 1 July 1960, the two territories united to form the Somali Republic, albeit within boundaries drawn up by Italy and Britain. A government... | On what date did British Somaliland gain independence? | On what date did British Somaliland gain independence? | [
"On what date did British Somaliland gain independence?"
] | {
"text": [
"26 June 1960"
],
"answer_start": [
41
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11642 | 56fa08a8f34c681400b0bf7a | Somalis | British Somaliland became independent on 26 June 1960 as the State of Somaliland, and the Trust Territory of Somalia (the former Italian Somaliland) followed suit five days later. On 1 July 1960, the two territories united to form the Somali Republic, albeit within boundaries drawn up by Italy and Britain. A government... | What was British Somaliland known as upon achieving independence? | What was British Somaliland known as upon achieving independence? | [
"What was British Somaliland known as upon achieving independence?"
] | {
"text": [
"the State of Somaliland"
],
"answer_start": [
57
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11643 | 56fa08a8f34c681400b0bf7b | Somalis | British Somaliland became independent on 26 June 1960 as the State of Somaliland, and the Trust Territory of Somalia (the former Italian Somaliland) followed suit five days later. On 1 July 1960, the two territories united to form the Somali Republic, albeit within boundaries drawn up by Italy and Britain. A government... | What state formed the Somali Republic with British Somaliland? | What state formed the Somali Republic with British Somaliland? | [
"What state formed the Somali Republic with British Somaliland?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Trust Territory of Somalia"
],
"answer_start": [
86
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11644 | 56fa08a8f34c681400b0bf7c | Somalis | British Somaliland became independent on 26 June 1960 as the State of Somaliland, and the Trust Territory of Somalia (the former Italian Somaliland) followed suit five days later. On 1 July 1960, the two territories united to form the Somali Republic, albeit within boundaries drawn up by Italy and Britain. A government... | On what date did the former British Somaliland and Italian Somaliland unite? | On what date did the former British Somaliland and Italian Somaliland unite? | [
"On what date did the former British Somaliland and Italian Somaliland unite?"
] | {
"text": [
"1 July 1960"
],
"answer_start": [
183
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11645 | 56fa08a8f34c681400b0bf7d | Somalis | British Somaliland became independent on 26 June 1960 as the State of Somaliland, and the Trust Territory of Somalia (the former Italian Somaliland) followed suit five days later. On 1 July 1960, the two territories united to form the Somali Republic, albeit within boundaries drawn up by Italy and Britain. A government... | Who was the first President of the Somali Republic? | Who was the first President of the Somali Republic? | [
"Who was the first President of the Somali Republic?"
] | {
"text": [
"Aden Abdullah Osman Daar"
],
"answer_start": [
528
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11646 | 56fa09148f12f319006300a9 | Somalis | On 15 October 1969, while paying a visit to the northern town of Las Anod, Somalia's then President Abdirashid Ali Shermarke was shot dead by one of his own bodyguards. His assassination was quickly followed by a military coup d'état on 21 October 1969 (the day after his funeral), in which the Somali Army seized power ... | On what date was Abdirashid Ali Shermarke assassinated? | On what date was Abdirashid Ali Shermarke assassinated? | [
"On what date was Abdirashid Ali Shermarke assassinated?"
] | {
"text": [
"15 October 1969"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11647 | 56fa09148f12f319006300aa | Somalis | On 15 October 1969, while paying a visit to the northern town of Las Anod, Somalia's then President Abdirashid Ali Shermarke was shot dead by one of his own bodyguards. His assassination was quickly followed by a military coup d'état on 21 October 1969 (the day after his funeral), in which the Somali Army seized power ... | Who assassinated Abdirashid Ali Shermarke? | Who assassinated Abdirashid Ali Shermarke? | [
"Who assassinated Abdirashid Ali Shermarke?"
] | {
"text": [
"one of his own bodyguards"
],
"answer_start": [
142
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11648 | 56fa09148f12f319006300ab | Somalis | On 15 October 1969, while paying a visit to the northern town of Las Anod, Somalia's then President Abdirashid Ali Shermarke was shot dead by one of his own bodyguards. His assassination was quickly followed by a military coup d'état on 21 October 1969 (the day after his funeral), in which the Somali Army seized power ... | On what day, the day after the funeral of Abdirashid Ali Shermarke, did a coup occur? | On what day, the day after the funeral of Abdirashid Ali Shermarke, did a coup occur? | [
"On what day, the day after the funeral of Abdirashid Ali Shermarke, did a coup occur?"
] | {
"text": [
"21 October 1969"
],
"answer_start": [
237
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11649 | 56fa09148f12f319006300ac | Somalis | On 15 October 1969, while paying a visit to the northern town of Las Anod, Somalia's then President Abdirashid Ali Shermarke was shot dead by one of his own bodyguards. His assassination was quickly followed by a military coup d'état on 21 October 1969 (the day after his funeral), in which the Somali Army seized power ... | Who was the commander of the army when the coup occurred? | Who was the commander of the army when the coup occurred? | [
"Who was the commander of the army when the coup occurred?"
] | {
"text": [
"Mohamed Siad Barre"
],
"answer_start": [
438
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11650 | 56fa09148f12f319006300ad | Somalis | On 15 October 1969, while paying a visit to the northern town of Las Anod, Somalia's then President Abdirashid Ali Shermarke was shot dead by one of his own bodyguards. His assassination was quickly followed by a military coup d'état on 21 October 1969 (the day after his funeral), in which the Somali Army seized power ... | What was Mohamed Siad Barre's rank? | What was Mohamed Siad Barre's rank? | [
"What was Mohamed Siad Barre's rank?"
] | {
"text": [
"Major General"
],
"answer_start": [
424
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11651 | 56fa097df34c681400b0bf83 | Somalis | Alongside Barre, the Supreme Revolutionary Council (SRC) that assumed power after President Sharmarke's assassination was led by Lieutenant Colonel Salaad Gabeyre Kediye and Chief of Police Jama Korshel. The SRC subsequently renamed the country the Somali Democratic Republic, dissolved the parliament and the Supreme Co... | Along with Jama Korshel, who led the Supreme Revolutionary Council? | Along with Jama Korshel, who led the Supreme Revolutionary Council? | [
"Along with Jama Korshel, who led the Supreme Revolutionary Council?"
] | {
"text": [
"Salaad Gabeyre Kediye"
],
"answer_start": [
148
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11652 | 56fa097df34c681400b0bf84 | Somalis | Alongside Barre, the Supreme Revolutionary Council (SRC) that assumed power after President Sharmarke's assassination was led by Lieutenant Colonel Salaad Gabeyre Kediye and Chief of Police Jama Korshel. The SRC subsequently renamed the country the Somali Democratic Republic, dissolved the parliament and the Supreme Co... | What was Jama Korshel's title? | What was Jama Korshel's title? | [
"What was Jama Korshel's title?"
] | {
"text": [
"Chief of Police"
],
"answer_start": [
174
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11653 | 56fa097df34c681400b0bf85 | Somalis | Alongside Barre, the Supreme Revolutionary Council (SRC) that assumed power after President Sharmarke's assassination was led by Lieutenant Colonel Salaad Gabeyre Kediye and Chief of Police Jama Korshel. The SRC subsequently renamed the country the Somali Democratic Republic, dissolved the parliament and the Supreme Co... | What was the military rank of Salaad Gabeyre Kediye? | What was the military rank of Salaad Gabeyre Kediye? | [
"What was the military rank of Salaad Gabeyre Kediye?"
] | {
"text": [
"Lieutenant Colonel"
],
"answer_start": [
129
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11654 | 56fa097df34c681400b0bf86 | Somalis | Alongside Barre, the Supreme Revolutionary Council (SRC) that assumed power after President Sharmarke's assassination was led by Lieutenant Colonel Salaad Gabeyre Kediye and Chief of Police Jama Korshel. The SRC subsequently renamed the country the Somali Democratic Republic, dissolved the parliament and the Supreme Co... | What name did the Supreme Revolutionary Council give to Somalia? | What name did the Supreme Revolutionary Council give to Somalia? | [
"What name did the Supreme Revolutionary Council give to Somalia?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Somali Democratic Republic"
],
"answer_start": [
245
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11655 | 56fa097df34c681400b0bf87 | Somalis | Alongside Barre, the Supreme Revolutionary Council (SRC) that assumed power after President Sharmarke's assassination was led by Lieutenant Colonel Salaad Gabeyre Kediye and Chief of Police Jama Korshel. The SRC subsequently renamed the country the Somali Democratic Republic, dissolved the parliament and the Supreme Co... | Along with dissolving the Supreme Court and parliament, what action did the Supreme Revolutionary Council take? | Along with dissolving the Supreme Court and parliament, what action did the Supreme Revolutionary Council take? | [
"Along with dissolving the Supreme Court and parliament, what action did the Supreme Revolutionary Council take?"
] | {
"text": [
"suspended the constitution"
],
"answer_start": [
329
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11656 | 56fad3dc8f12f319006301c7 | Somalis | The revolutionary army established large-scale public works programs and successfully implemented an urban and rural literacy campaign, which helped dramatically increase the literacy rate. In addition to a nationalization program of industry and land, the new regime's foreign policy placed an emphasis on Somalia's tra... | What did the new government nationalize along with land? | What did the new government nationalize along with land? | [
"What did the new government nationalize along with land?"
] | {
"text": [
"industry"
],
"answer_start": [
234
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11657 | 56fad3dc8f12f319006301c8 | Somalis | The revolutionary army established large-scale public works programs and successfully implemented an urban and rural literacy campaign, which helped dramatically increase the literacy rate. In addition to a nationalization program of industry and land, the new regime's foreign policy placed an emphasis on Somalia's tra... | What international body did the new government join? | What international body did the new government join? | [
"What international body did the new government join?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Arab League"
],
"answer_start": [
389
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11658 | 56fad3dc8f12f319006301c9 | Somalis | The revolutionary army established large-scale public works programs and successfully implemented an urban and rural literacy campaign, which helped dramatically increase the literacy rate. In addition to a nationalization program of industry and land, the new regime's foreign policy placed an emphasis on Somalia's tra... | In what year did the new government enter the Arab League? | In what year did the new government enter the Arab League? | [
"In what year did the new government enter the Arab League?"
] | {
"text": [
"1974"
],
"answer_start": [
413
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11659 | 56fad3dc8f12f319006301ca | Somalis | The revolutionary army established large-scale public works programs and successfully implemented an urban and rural literacy campaign, which helped dramatically increase the literacy rate. In addition to a nationalization program of industry and land, the new regime's foreign policy placed an emphasis on Somalia's tra... | What organization would the Organization of African Unity later become? | What organization would the Organization of African Unity later become? | [
"What organization would the Organization of African Unity later become?"
] | {
"text": [
"the African Union"
],
"answer_start": [
528
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11660 | 56fad3dc8f12f319006301cb | Somalis | The revolutionary army established large-scale public works programs and successfully implemented an urban and rural literacy campaign, which helped dramatically increase the literacy rate. In addition to a nationalization program of industry and land, the new regime's foreign policy placed an emphasis on Somalia's tra... | What rate did the new government's programs significantly increase? | What rate did the new government's programs significantly increase? | [
"What rate did the new government's programs significantly increase?"
] | {
"text": [
"literacy"
],
"answer_start": [
175
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11661 | 56fad4558f12f319006301d1 | Somalis | Somali people in the Horn of Africa are divided among different countries (Somalia, Djibouti, Ethiopia, and northeastern Kenya) that were artificially and some might say arbitrarily partitioned by the former imperial powers. Pan-Somalism is an ideology that advocates the unification of all ethnic Somalis once part of S... | Along with Kenya, Djibouti and Somalia, in what Horn of Africa country do Somali people live? | Along with Kenya, Djibouti and Somalia, in what Horn of Africa country do Somali people live? | [
"Along with Kenya, Djibouti and Somalia, in what Horn of Africa country do Somali people live?"
] | {
"text": [
"Ethiopia"
],
"answer_start": [
94
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11662 | 56fad4558f12f319006301d2 | Somalis | Somali people in the Horn of Africa are divided among different countries (Somalia, Djibouti, Ethiopia, and northeastern Kenya) that were artificially and some might say arbitrarily partitioned by the former imperial powers. Pan-Somalism is an ideology that advocates the unification of all ethnic Somalis once part of S... | In what geographic portion of Kenya can Somali people be found? | In what geographic portion of Kenya can Somali people be found? | [
"In what geographic portion of Kenya can Somali people be found?"
] | {
"text": [
"northeastern"
],
"answer_start": [
108
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11663 | 56fad4558f12f319006301d3 | Somalis | Somali people in the Horn of Africa are divided among different countries (Somalia, Djibouti, Ethiopia, and northeastern Kenya) that were artificially and some might say arbitrarily partitioned by the former imperial powers. Pan-Somalism is an ideology that advocates the unification of all ethnic Somalis once part of S... | What is the name of the idea that believes all ethnic Somalis should live in the same country? | What is the name of the idea that believes all ethnic Somalis should live in the same country? | [
"What is the name of the idea that believes all ethnic Somalis should live in the same country?"
] | {
"text": [
"Pan-Somalism"
],
"answer_start": [
225
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11664 | 56fad4558f12f319006301d4 | Somalis | Somali people in the Horn of Africa are divided among different countries (Somalia, Djibouti, Ethiopia, and northeastern Kenya) that were artificially and some might say arbitrarily partitioned by the former imperial powers. Pan-Somalism is an ideology that advocates the unification of all ethnic Somalis once part of S... | Along with the Soviet Union, what country supported Ethiopia in its war against Somalia? | Along with the Soviet Union, what country supported Ethiopia in its war against Somalia? | [
"Along with the Soviet Union, what country supported Ethiopia in its war against Somalia?"
] | {
"text": [
"Cuba"
],
"answer_start": [
590
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11665 | 56fad4558f12f319006301d5 | Somalis | Somali people in the Horn of Africa are divided among different countries (Somalia, Djibouti, Ethiopia, and northeastern Kenya) that were artificially and some might say arbitrarily partitioned by the former imperial powers. Pan-Somalism is an ideology that advocates the unification of all ethnic Somalis once part of S... | What was the name of the conflict between Somalia and the Soviet Union, Cuba and Ethiopia? | What was the name of the conflict between Somalia and the Soviet Union, Cuba and Ethiopia? | [
"What was the name of the conflict between Somalia and the Soviet Union, Cuba and Ethiopia?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Ogaden War"
],
"answer_start": [
532
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11666 | 56fad51ef34c681400b0c13d | Somalis | According to Y chromosome studies by Sanchez et al. (2005), Cruciani et al. (2004, 2007), the Somalis are paternally closely related to other Afro-Asiatic-speaking groups in Northeast Africa. Besides comprising the majority of the Y-DNA in Somalis, the E1b1b1a (formerly E3b1a) haplogroup also makes up a significant pro... | In what year did Sanchez publish his study on Somali ethnicity? | In what year did Sanchez publish his study on Somali ethnicity? | [
"In what year did Sanchez publish his study on Somali ethnicity?"
] | {
"text": [
"2005"
],
"answer_start": [
53
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11667 | 56fad51ef34c681400b0c13e | Somalis | According to Y chromosome studies by Sanchez et al. (2005), Cruciani et al. (2004, 2007), the Somalis are paternally closely related to other Afro-Asiatic-speaking groups in Northeast Africa. Besides comprising the majority of the Y-DNA in Somalis, the E1b1b1a (formerly E3b1a) haplogroup also makes up a significant pro... | What language group speakers are ethnic Somalis closely related to? | What language group speakers are ethnic Somalis closely related to? | [
"What language group speakers are ethnic Somalis closely related to?"
] | {
"text": [
"Afro-Asiatic"
],
"answer_start": [
142
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11668 | 56fad51ef34c681400b0c13f | Somalis | According to Y chromosome studies by Sanchez et al. (2005), Cruciani et al. (2004, 2007), the Somalis are paternally closely related to other Afro-Asiatic-speaking groups in Northeast Africa. Besides comprising the majority of the Y-DNA in Somalis, the E1b1b1a (formerly E3b1a) haplogroup also makes up a significant pro... | What haplogroup is present in a significant number of Somalis? | What haplogroup is present in a significant number of Somalis? | [
"What haplogroup is present in a significant number of Somalis?"
] | {
"text": [
"E1b1b1a"
],
"answer_start": [
253
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11669 | 56fad51ef34c681400b0c140 | Somalis | According to Y chromosome studies by Sanchez et al. (2005), Cruciani et al. (2004, 2007), the Somalis are paternally closely related to other Afro-Asiatic-speaking groups in Northeast Africa. Besides comprising the majority of the Y-DNA in Somalis, the E1b1b1a (formerly E3b1a) haplogroup also makes up a significant pro... | Based on the presence of the M78 subclade, where do some researchers think Somalis originated? | Based on the presence of the M78 subclade, where do some researchers think Somalis originated? | [
"Based on the presence of the M78 subclade, where do some researchers think Somalis originated?"
] | {
"text": [
"Egypt/Libya"
],
"answer_start": [
702
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11670 | 56fad51ef34c681400b0c141 | Somalis | According to Y chromosome studies by Sanchez et al. (2005), Cruciani et al. (2004, 2007), the Somalis are paternally closely related to other Afro-Asiatic-speaking groups in Northeast Africa. Besides comprising the majority of the Y-DNA in Somalis, the E1b1b1a (formerly E3b1a) haplogroup also makes up a significant pro... | What percentage of Somali males had DNA containing the M78 subclade of E1b1b? | What percentage of Somali males had DNA containing the M78 subclade of E1b1b? | [
"What percentage of Somali males had DNA containing the M78 subclade of E1b1b?"
] | {
"text": [
"77%"
],
"answer_start": [
523
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11671 | 56fad599f34c681400b0c147 | Somalis | According to mtDNA studies by Holden (2005) and Richards et al. (2006), a significant proportion of the maternal lineages of Somalis consists of the M1 haplogroup. This mitochondrial clade is common among Ethiopians and North Africans, particularly Egyptians and Algerians. M1 is believed to have originated in Asia, whe... | When did Richards publish his mtDNA research? | When did Richards publish his mtDNA research? | [
"When did Richards publish his mtDNA research?"
] | {
"text": [
"2006"
],
"answer_start": [
65
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11672 | 56fad599f34c681400b0c148 | Somalis | According to mtDNA studies by Holden (2005) and Richards et al. (2006), a significant proportion of the maternal lineages of Somalis consists of the M1 haplogroup. This mitochondrial clade is common among Ethiopians and North Africans, particularly Egyptians and Algerians. M1 is believed to have originated in Asia, whe... | Along with Egyptians, Algerians and Somalis, what people commonly possess the M1 haplogroup? | Along with Egyptians, Algerians and Somalis, what people commonly possess the M1 haplogroup? | [
"Along with Egyptians, Algerians and Somalis, what people commonly possess the M1 haplogroup?"
] | {
"text": [
"Ethiopians"
],
"answer_start": [
205
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11673 | 56fad599f34c681400b0c149 | Somalis | According to mtDNA studies by Holden (2005) and Richards et al. (2006), a significant proportion of the maternal lineages of Somalis consists of the M1 haplogroup. This mitochondrial clade is common among Ethiopians and North Africans, particularly Egyptians and Algerians. M1 is believed to have originated in Asia, whe... | On what continent is the M1 haplogroup believed to have originated? | On what continent is the M1 haplogroup believed to have originated? | [
"On what continent is the M1 haplogroup believed to have originated?"
] | {
"text": [
"Asia"
],
"answer_start": [
311
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11674 | 56fad599f34c681400b0c14a | Somalis | According to mtDNA studies by Holden (2005) and Richards et al. (2006), a significant proportion of the maternal lineages of Somalis consists of the M1 haplogroup. This mitochondrial clade is common among Ethiopians and North Africans, particularly Egyptians and Algerians. M1 is believed to have originated in Asia, whe... | Who authored an mtDNA study in 2005? | Who authored an mtDNA study in 2005? | [
"Who authored an mtDNA study in 2005?"
] | {
"text": [
"Holden"
],
"answer_start": [
30
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11675 | 56fad599f34c681400b0c14b | Somalis | According to mtDNA studies by Holden (2005) and Richards et al. (2006), a significant proportion of the maternal lineages of Somalis consists of the M1 haplogroup. This mitochondrial clade is common among Ethiopians and North Africans, particularly Egyptians and Algerians. M1 is believed to have originated in Asia, whe... | What family of languages is the M1 haplogroup associated with? | What family of languages is the M1 haplogroup associated with? | [
"What family of languages is the M1 haplogroup associated with?"
] | {
"text": [
"Afro-Asiatic"
],
"answer_start": [
448
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11676 | 56fad69b8f12f319006301db | Somalis | According to an autosomal DNA study by Hodgson et al. (2014), the Afro-Asiatic languages were likely spread across Africa and the Near East by an ancestral population(s) carrying a newly identified non-African genetic component, which the researchers dub the "Ethio-Somali". This Ethio-Somali component is today most com... | When did Hodgson publish his DNA study? | When did Hodgson publish his DNA study? | [
"When did Hodgson publish his DNA study?"
] | {
"text": [
"2014"
],
"answer_start": [
55
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11677 | 56fad69b8f12f319006301dc | Somalis | According to an autosomal DNA study by Hodgson et al. (2014), the Afro-Asiatic languages were likely spread across Africa and the Near East by an ancestral population(s) carrying a newly identified non-African genetic component, which the researchers dub the "Ethio-Somali". This Ethio-Somali component is today most com... | According to Hodgson, what ancestral people spread the Afro-Asiatic languages? | According to Hodgson, what ancestral people spread the Afro-Asiatic languages? | [
"According to Hodgson, what ancestral people spread the Afro-Asiatic languages?"
] | {
"text": [
"Ethio-Somali"
],
"answer_start": [
260
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11678 | 56fad69b8f12f319006301dd | Somalis | According to an autosomal DNA study by Hodgson et al. (2014), the Afro-Asiatic languages were likely spread across Africa and the Near East by an ancestral population(s) carrying a newly identified non-African genetic component, which the researchers dub the "Ethio-Somali". This Ethio-Somali component is today most com... | According to Hodgson, what people is mostly descended from Ethio-Somalis? | According to Hodgson, what people is mostly descended from Ethio-Somalis? | [
"According to Hodgson, what people is mostly descended from Ethio-Somalis?"
] | {
"text": [
"Somalis"
],
"answer_start": [
428
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11679 | 56fad69b8f12f319006301de | Somalis | According to an autosomal DNA study by Hodgson et al. (2014), the Afro-Asiatic languages were likely spread across Africa and the Near East by an ancestral population(s) carrying a newly identified non-African genetic component, which the researchers dub the "Ethio-Somali". This Ethio-Somali component is today most com... | According to Hodgson, how long ago did the Ethio-Somalis diverge from other non-African ancestries? | According to Hodgson, how long ago did the Ethio-Somalis diverge from other non-African ancestries? | [
"According to Hodgson, how long ago did the Ethio-Somalis diverge from other non-African ancestries?"
] | {
"text": [
"at least 23,000 years ago"
],
"answer_start": [
651
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11680 | 56fad69b8f12f319006301df | Somalis | According to an autosomal DNA study by Hodgson et al. (2014), the Afro-Asiatic languages were likely spread across Africa and the Near East by an ancestral population(s) carrying a newly identified non-African genetic component, which the researchers dub the "Ethio-Somali". This Ethio-Somali component is today most com... | According to Hodgson, where did the Ethio-Somalis originate? | According to Hodgson, where did the Ethio-Somalis originate? | [
"According to Hodgson, where did the Ethio-Somalis originate?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Near East"
],
"answer_start": [
824
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11681 | 56fad6b8f34c681400b0c151 | Somalis | The analysis of HLA antigens has also helped clarify the possible background of the Somali people, as the distribution of haplotype frequencies vary among population groups. According to Mohamoud et al. (2006): | In what year did Mahamoud publish his research? | In what year did Mahamoud publish his research? | [
"In what year did Mahamoud publish his research?"
] | {
"text": [
"2006"
],
"answer_start": [
204
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11682 | 56fad729f34c681400b0c153 | Somalis | The history of Islam in Somalia is as old as the religion itself. The early persecuted Muslims fled to various places in the region, including the city of Zeila in modern-day northern Somalia, so as to seek protection from the Quraysh. Somalis were among the first populations on the continent to embrace Islam. With ver... | In what geographic part of Somalia is Zeila located? | In what geographic part of Somalia is Zeila located? | [
"In what geographic part of Somalia is Zeila located?"
] | {
"text": [
"northern"
],
"answer_start": [
175
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11683 | 56fad729f34c681400b0c154 | Somalis | The history of Islam in Somalia is as old as the religion itself. The early persecuted Muslims fled to various places in the region, including the city of Zeila in modern-day northern Somalia, so as to seek protection from the Quraysh. Somalis were among the first populations on the continent to embrace Islam. With ver... | From whom were the early Muslims fleeing? | From whom were the early Muslims fleeing? | [
"From whom were the early Muslims fleeing?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Quraysh"
],
"answer_start": [
223
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11684 | 56fad729f34c681400b0c155 | Somalis | The history of Islam in Somalia is as old as the religion itself. The early persecuted Muslims fled to various places in the region, including the city of Zeila in modern-day northern Somalia, so as to seek protection from the Quraysh. Somalis were among the first populations on the continent to embrace Islam. With ver... | Along with the Shafi'i, to what sect of Islam do most Somalis belong? | Along with the Shafi'i, to what sect of Islam do most Somalis belong? | [
"Along with the Shafi'i, to what sect of Islam do most Somalis belong?"
] | {
"text": [
"Sunni"
],
"answer_start": [
398
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11685 | 56fad729f34c681400b0c156 | Somalis | The history of Islam in Somalia is as old as the religion itself. The early persecuted Muslims fled to various places in the region, including the city of Zeila in modern-day northern Somalia, so as to seek protection from the Quraysh. Somalis were among the first populations on the continent to embrace Islam. With ver... | What is the majority religion in Somalia? | What is the majority religion in Somalia? | [
"What is the majority religion in Somalia?"
] | {
"text": [
"Islam"
],
"answer_start": [
414
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11686 | 56fad729f34c681400b0c157 | Somalis | The history of Islam in Somalia is as old as the religion itself. The early persecuted Muslims fled to various places in the region, including the city of Zeila in modern-day northern Somalia, so as to seek protection from the Quraysh. Somalis were among the first populations on the continent to embrace Islam. With ver... | A small minority of Somalis belong to what branch of Islam? | A small minority of Somalis belong to what branch of Islam? | [
"A small minority of Somalis belong to what branch of Islam?"
] | {
"text": [
"Shia"
],
"answer_start": [
510
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11687 | 56fad7698f12f319006301e5 | Somalis | Qur'anic schools (also known as dugsi) remain the basic system of traditional religious instruction in Somalia. They provide Islamic education for children, thereby filling a clear religious and social role in the country. Known as the most stable local, non-formal system of education providing basic religious and mora... | What is another name for a Qur'anic school? | What is another name for a Qur'anic school? | [
"What is another name for a Qur'anic school?"
] | {
"text": [
"dugsi"
],
"answer_start": [
32
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11688 | 56fad7698f12f319006301e6 | Somalis | Qur'anic schools (also known as dugsi) remain the basic system of traditional religious instruction in Somalia. They provide Islamic education for children, thereby filling a clear religious and social role in the country. Known as the most stable local, non-formal system of education providing basic religious and mora... | What percentage of students at Qur'anic schools are female? | What percentage of students at Qur'anic schools are female? | [
"What percentage of students at Qur'anic schools are female?"
] | {
"text": [
"40"
],
"answer_start": [
769
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11689 | 56fad7698f12f319006301e7 | Somalis | Qur'anic schools (also known as dugsi) remain the basic system of traditional religious instruction in Somalia. They provide Islamic education for children, thereby filling a clear religious and social role in the country. Known as the most stable local, non-formal system of education providing basic religious and mora... | What government body regulates Qur'anic education? | What government body regulates Qur'anic education? | [
"What government body regulates Qur'anic education?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Ministry of Endowment and Islamic Affairs"
],
"answer_start": [
1023
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11690 | 56fad7df8f12f319006301eb | Somalis | In the Somali diaspora, multiple Islamic fundraising events are held every year in cities like Birmingham, London, Toronto and Minneapolis, where Somali scholars and professionals give lectures and answer questions from the audience. The purpose of these events is usually to raise money for new schools or universities ... | Along with Minneapolis, London and Birmingham, what city contains a notable population of Somalis? | Along with Minneapolis, London and Birmingham, what city contains a notable population of Somalis? | [
"Along with Minneapolis, London and Birmingham, what city contains a notable population of Somalis?"
] | {
"text": [
"Toronto"
],
"answer_start": [
115
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11691 | 56fad7df8f12f319006301ec | Somalis | In the Somali diaspora, multiple Islamic fundraising events are held every year in cities like Birmingham, London, Toronto and Minneapolis, where Somali scholars and professionals give lectures and answer questions from the audience. The purpose of these events is usually to raise money for new schools or universities ... | What is the name of the mosque under construction in Minneapolis? | What is the name of the mosque under construction in Minneapolis? | [
"What is the name of the mosque under construction in Minneapolis?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Abuubakar-As-Saddique Mosque"
],
"answer_start": [
467
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11692 | 56fad7df8f12f319006301ed | Somalis | In the Somali diaspora, multiple Islamic fundraising events are held every year in cities like Birmingham, London, Toronto and Minneapolis, where Somali scholars and professionals give lectures and answer questions from the audience. The purpose of these events is usually to raise money for new schools or universities ... | Along with floods, what natural disaster often spurs Islamic fundraising? | Along with floods, what natural disaster often spurs Islamic fundraising? | [
"Along with floods, what natural disaster often spurs Islamic fundraising?"
] | {
"text": [
"droughts"
],
"answer_start": [
401
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11693 | 56fad7df8f12f319006301ee | Somalis | In the Somali diaspora, multiple Islamic fundraising events are held every year in cities like Birmingham, London, Toronto and Minneapolis, where Somali scholars and professionals give lectures and answer questions from the audience. The purpose of these events is usually to raise money for new schools or universities ... | Along with universities, the construction of what educational buildings are sometimes the focus of Islamic fundraising? | Along with universities, the construction of what educational buildings are sometimes the focus of Islamic fundraising? | [
"Along with universities, the construction of what educational buildings are sometimes the focus of Islamic fundraising?"
] | {
"text": [
"schools"
],
"answer_start": [
296
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11694 | 56fad80d8f12f319006301f3 | Somalis | In addition, the Somali community has produced numerous important Muslim figures over the centuries, many of whom have significantly shaped the course of Islamic learning and practice in the Horn of Africa, the Arabian Peninsula and well beyond. | Along with the Horn of Africa, what is a notable location where Somali Islamic figures have been influential? | Along with the Horn of Africa, what is a notable location where Somali Islamic figures have been influential? | [
"Along with the Horn of Africa, what is a notable location where Somali Islamic figures have been influential?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Arabian Peninsula"
],
"answer_start": [
207
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11695 | 56fad858f34c681400b0c15d | Somalis | The clan groupings of the Somali people are important social units, and clan membership plays a central part in Somali culture and politics. Clans are patrilineal and are often divided into sub-clans, sometimes with many sub-divisions. The tombs of the founders of the Darod, Dir and Isaaq major clans as well as the Abg... | What is a basic social unit of Somali society? | What is a basic social unit of Somali society? | [
"What is a basic social unit of Somali society?"
] | {
"text": [
"clan"
],
"answer_start": [
4
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11696 | 56fad858f34c681400b0c15e | Somalis | The clan groupings of the Somali people are important social units, and clan membership plays a central part in Somali culture and politics. Clans are patrilineal and are often divided into sub-clans, sometimes with many sub-divisions. The tombs of the founders of the Darod, Dir and Isaaq major clans as well as the Abg... | In what geographical portion of Somalia is the tomb of the founder of the Dir clan located? | In what geographical portion of Somalia is the tomb of the founder of the Dir clan located? | [
"In what geographical portion of Somalia is the tomb of the founder of the Dir clan located?"
] | {
"text": [
"northern"
],
"answer_start": [
366
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11697 | 56fad858f34c681400b0c15f | Somalis | The clan groupings of the Somali people are important social units, and clan membership plays a central part in Somali culture and politics. Clans are patrilineal and are often divided into sub-clans, sometimes with many sub-divisions. The tombs of the founders of the Darod, Dir and Isaaq major clans as well as the Abg... | Of what clan is the Abgaal a sub-clan? | Of what clan is the Abgaal a sub-clan? | [
"Of what clan is the Abgaal a sub-clan?"
] | {
"text": [
"Hawiye"
],
"answer_start": [
340
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11698 | 56fad8e28f12f319006301f5 | Somalis | Somali society is traditionally ethnically endogamous. So to extend ties of alliance, marriage is often to another ethnic Somali from a different clan. Thus, for example, a recent study observed that in 89 marriages contracted by men of the Dhulbahante clan, 55 (62%) were with women of Dhulbahante sub-clans other than ... | What practice is often used to bind different clans together? | What practice is often used to bind different clans together? | [
"What practice is often used to bind different clans together?"
] | {
"text": [
"marriage"
],
"answer_start": [
86
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11699 | 56fad8e28f12f319006301f6 | Somalis | Somali society is traditionally ethnically endogamous. So to extend ties of alliance, marriage is often to another ethnic Somali from a different clan. Thus, for example, a recent study observed that in 89 marriages contracted by men of the Dhulbahante clan, 55 (62%) were with women of Dhulbahante sub-clans other than ... | According to a recent study, how many men of the Dhulbahante clan married women from the Hawiye clan? | According to a recent study, how many men of the Dhulbahante clan married women from the Hawiye clan? | [
"According to a recent study, how many men of the Dhulbahante clan married women from the Hawiye clan?"
] | {
"text": [
"3"
],
"answer_start": [
436
]
} |
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