gem_id stringlengths 20 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringlengths 3 59 | context stringlengths 151 3.71k | question stringlengths 1 270 | target stringlengths 1 270 | references list | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-14500 | 572f9cc104bcaa1900d76ae4 | Han_dynasty | To protect crops from wind and drought, the Grain Intendant Zhao Guo (趙過) created the alternating fields system (daitianfa 代田法) during Emperor Wu's reign. This system switched the positions of furrows and ridges between growing seasons. Once experiments with this system yielded successful results, the government offici... | What system did the government recommend the usage of? | What system did the government recommend the usage of? | [
"What system did the government recommend the usage of?"
] | {
"text": [
"alternating fields system"
],
"answer_start": [
86
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14501 | 572f9cc104bcaa1900d76ae5 | Han_dynasty | To protect crops from wind and drought, the Grain Intendant Zhao Guo (趙過) created the alternating fields system (daitianfa 代田法) during Emperor Wu's reign. This system switched the positions of furrows and ridges between growing seasons. Once experiments with this system yielded successful results, the government offici... | What was the name of the Grain Intendant? | What was the name of the Grain Intendant? | [
"What was the name of the Grain Intendant?"
] | {
"text": [
"Zhao Guo"
],
"answer_start": [
60
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14502 | 572f9e8204bcaa1900d76af5 | Han_dynasty | Timber was the chief building material during the Han dynasty; it was used to build palace halls, multi-story residential towers and halls and single-story houses. Because wood decays rapidly, the only remaining evidence of Han wooden architecture is a collection of scattered ceramic roof tiles. The oldest surviving wo... | What building material was used primarily during the Han dynasty? | What building material was used primarily during the Han dynasty? | [
"What building material was used primarily during the Han dynasty?"
] | {
"text": [
"Timber"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14503 | 572f9e8204bcaa1900d76af6 | Han_dynasty | Timber was the chief building material during the Han dynasty; it was used to build palace halls, multi-story residential towers and halls and single-story houses. Because wood decays rapidly, the only remaining evidence of Han wooden architecture is a collection of scattered ceramic roof tiles. The oldest surviving wo... | What dynasty can the oldest wooden buildings in China be dated to? | What dynasty can the oldest wooden buildings in China be dated to? | [
"What dynasty can the oldest wooden buildings in China be dated to?"
] | {
"text": [
"Tang"
],
"answer_start": [
352
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14504 | 572f9e8204bcaa1900d76af7 | Han_dynasty | Timber was the chief building material during the Han dynasty; it was used to build palace halls, multi-story residential towers and halls and single-story houses. Because wood decays rapidly, the only remaining evidence of Han wooden architecture is a collection of scattered ceramic roof tiles. The oldest surviving wo... | What is considered to be the last year of the Tang dynasty? | What is considered to be the last year of the Tang dynasty? | [
"What is considered to be the last year of the Tang dynasty?"
] | {
"text": [
"907 AD"
],
"answer_start": [
370
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14505 | 572f9e8204bcaa1900d76af8 | Han_dynasty | Timber was the chief building material during the Han dynasty; it was used to build palace halls, multi-story residential towers and halls and single-story houses. Because wood decays rapidly, the only remaining evidence of Han wooden architecture is a collection of scattered ceramic roof tiles. The oldest surviving wo... | What type of object is the only evidence of Han's wooden constructions? | What type of object is the only evidence of Han's wooden constructions? | [
"What type of object is the only evidence of Han's wooden constructions?"
] | {
"text": [
"ceramic roof tiles"
],
"answer_start": [
277
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14506 | 572f9e8204bcaa1900d76af9 | Han_dynasty | Timber was the chief building material during the Han dynasty; it was used to build palace halls, multi-story residential towers and halls and single-story houses. Because wood decays rapidly, the only remaining evidence of Han wooden architecture is a collection of scattered ceramic roof tiles. The oldest surviving wo... | What was the primary component of a palace hall during the Han dynasty? | What was the primary component of a palace hall during the Han dynasty? | [
"What was the primary component of a palace hall during the Han dynasty?"
] | {
"text": [
"Timber"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14507 | 572f9ff2a23a5019007fc7dd | Han_dynasty | Though Han wooden structures decayed, some Han-dynasty ruins made of brick, stone, and rammed earth remain intact. This includes stone pillar-gates, brick tomb chambers, rammed-earth city walls, rammed-earth and brick beacon towers, rammed-earth sections of the Great Wall, rammed-earth platforms where elevated halls on... | How many stone pillar-gates survive from the Han era? | How many stone pillar-gates survive from the Han era? | [
"How many stone pillar-gates survive from the Han era?"
] | {
"text": [
"twenty-nine"
],
"answer_start": [
585
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14508 | 572f9ff2a23a5019007fc7de | Han_dynasty | Though Han wooden structures decayed, some Han-dynasty ruins made of brick, stone, and rammed earth remain intact. This includes stone pillar-gates, brick tomb chambers, rammed-earth city walls, rammed-earth and brick beacon towers, rammed-earth sections of the Great Wall, rammed-earth platforms where elevated halls on... | What architectural feature contained an imitation of a balustrade? | What architectural feature contained an imitation of a balustrade? | [
"What architectural feature contained an imitation of a balustrade?"
] | {
"text": [
"stone pillar-gates"
],
"answer_start": [
565
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14509 | 572f9ff2a23a5019007fc7df | Han_dynasty | Though Han wooden structures decayed, some Han-dynasty ruins made of brick, stone, and rammed earth remain intact. This includes stone pillar-gates, brick tomb chambers, rammed-earth city walls, rammed-earth and brick beacon towers, rammed-earth sections of the Great Wall, rammed-earth platforms where elevated halls on... | What building material were tomb chambers constructed with? | What building material were tomb chambers constructed with? | [
"What building material were tomb chambers constructed with?"
] | {
"text": [
"brick"
],
"answer_start": [
149
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14510 | 572f9ff2a23a5019007fc7e0 | Han_dynasty | Though Han wooden structures decayed, some Han-dynasty ruins made of brick, stone, and rammed earth remain intact. This includes stone pillar-gates, brick tomb chambers, rammed-earth city walls, rammed-earth and brick beacon towers, rammed-earth sections of the Great Wall, rammed-earth platforms where elevated halls on... | What were the walls that encompassed the city of Luoyang comprised of? | What were the walls that encompassed the city of Luoyang comprised of? | [
"What were the walls that encompassed the city of Luoyang comprised of?"
] | {
"text": [
"rammed-earth"
],
"answer_start": [
382
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14511 | 572f9ff2a23a5019007fc7e1 | Han_dynasty | Though Han wooden structures decayed, some Han-dynasty ruins made of brick, stone, and rammed earth remain intact. This includes stone pillar-gates, brick tomb chambers, rammed-earth city walls, rammed-earth and brick beacon towers, rammed-earth sections of the Great Wall, rammed-earth platforms where elevated halls on... | What type of system used ceramic water pipes? | What type of system used ceramic water pipes? | [
"What type of system used ceramic water pipes?"
] | {
"text": [
"drainage systems"
],
"answer_start": [
486
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14512 | 572fa326b2c2fd1400568269 | Han_dynasty | Evidence of Han-era mechanical engineering comes largely from the choice observational writings of sometimes disinterested Confucian scholars. Professional artisan-engineers (jiang 匠) did not leave behind detailed records of their work. Han scholars, who often had little or no expertise in mechanical engineering, somet... | What type of scholars have provided proof that mechanical engineering was prominent during the Han period? | What type of scholars have provided proof that mechanical engineering was prominent during the Han period? | [
"What type of scholars have provided proof that mechanical engineering was prominent during the Han period?"
] | {
"text": [
"Confucian"
],
"answer_start": [
123
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14513 | 572fa326b2c2fd140056826a | Han_dynasty | Evidence of Han-era mechanical engineering comes largely from the choice observational writings of sometimes disinterested Confucian scholars. Professional artisan-engineers (jiang 匠) did not leave behind detailed records of their work. Han scholars, who often had little or no expertise in mechanical engineering, somet... | Which philosopher described the invention of a belt drive? | Which philosopher described the invention of a belt drive? | [
"Which philosopher described the invention of a belt drive?"
] | {
"text": [
"Yang Xiong"
],
"answer_start": [
510
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14514 | 572fa326b2c2fd140056826b | Han_dynasty | Evidence of Han-era mechanical engineering comes largely from the choice observational writings of sometimes disinterested Confucian scholars. Professional artisan-engineers (jiang 匠) did not leave behind detailed records of their work. Han scholars, who often had little or no expertise in mechanical engineering, somet... | Which engineer was responsible for first inventing the zoetrope lamp? | Which engineer was responsible for first inventing the zoetrope lamp? | [
"Which engineer was responsible for first inventing the zoetrope lamp?"
] | {
"text": [
"Ding Huan"
],
"answer_start": [
688
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14515 | 572fa326b2c2fd140056826c | Han_dynasty | Evidence of Han-era mechanical engineering comes largely from the choice observational writings of sometimes disinterested Confucian scholars. Professional artisan-engineers (jiang 匠) did not leave behind detailed records of their work. Han scholars, who often had little or no expertise in mechanical engineering, somet... | What can be used as a support structure in incense burners? | What can be used as a support structure in incense burners? | [
"What can be used as a support structure in incense burners?"
] | {
"text": [
"gimbals"
],
"answer_start": [
893
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14516 | 572fa326b2c2fd140056826d | Han_dynasty | Evidence of Han-era mechanical engineering comes largely from the choice observational writings of sometimes disinterested Confucian scholars. Professional artisan-engineers (jiang 匠) did not leave behind detailed records of their work. Han scholars, who often had little or no expertise in mechanical engineering, somet... | What type of invention was used to provide air conditioning for the palace buildings? | What type of invention was used to provide air conditioning for the palace buildings? | [
"What type of invention was used to provide air conditioning for the palace buildings?"
] | {
"text": [
"rotary fan"
],
"answer_start": [
816
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14517 | 572fa4aeb2c2fd1400568287 | Han_dynasty | Modern archaeology has led to the discovery of Han artwork portraying inventions which were otherwise absent in Han literary sources. As observed in Han miniature tomb models, but not in literary sources, the crank handle was used to operate the fans of winnowing machines that separated grain from chaff. The odometer c... | During which period was the odometer cart first created? | During which period was the odometer cart first created? | [
"During which period was the odometer cart first created?"
] | {
"text": [
"Han"
],
"answer_start": [
341
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14518 | 572fa4aeb2c2fd1400568288 | Han_dynasty | Modern archaeology has led to the discovery of Han artwork portraying inventions which were otherwise absent in Han literary sources. As observed in Han miniature tomb models, but not in literary sources, the crank handle was used to operate the fans of winnowing machines that separated grain from chaff. The odometer c... | What item was used to make very small measurements during this era? | What item was used to make very small measurements during this era? | [
"What item was used to make very small measurements during this era?"
] | {
"text": [
"sliding metal calipers"
],
"answer_start": [
713
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14519 | 572fa4aeb2c2fd1400568289 | Han_dynasty | Modern archaeology has led to the discovery of Han artwork portraying inventions which were otherwise absent in Han literary sources. As observed in Han miniature tomb models, but not in literary sources, the crank handle was used to operate the fans of winnowing machines that separated grain from chaff. The odometer c... | What has allowed us to discover long lost inventions of the Han era? | What has allowed us to discover long lost inventions of the Han era? | [
"What has allowed us to discover long lost inventions of the Han era?"
] | {
"text": [
"artwork"
],
"answer_start": [
51
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14520 | 572fa4aeb2c2fd140056828a | Han_dynasty | Modern archaeology has led to the discovery of Han artwork portraying inventions which were otherwise absent in Han literary sources. As observed in Han miniature tomb models, but not in literary sources, the crank handle was used to operate the fans of winnowing machines that separated grain from chaff. The odometer c... | What was used to separate parts of grain? | What was used to separate parts of grain? | [
"What was used to separate parts of grain?"
] | {
"text": [
"winnowing machines"
],
"answer_start": [
254
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14521 | 572fa4aeb2c2fd140056828b | Han_dynasty | Modern archaeology has led to the discovery of Han artwork portraying inventions which were otherwise absent in Han literary sources. As observed in Han miniature tomb models, but not in literary sources, the crank handle was used to operate the fans of winnowing machines that separated grain from chaff. The odometer c... | What use did the odometer cart provide? | What use did the odometer cart provide? | [
"What use did the odometer cart provide?"
] | {
"text": [
"measured journey lengths"
],
"answer_start": [
346
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14522 | 572fa64db2c2fd14005682ab | Han_dynasty | The waterwheel appeared in Chinese records during the Han. As mentioned by Huan Tan in about 20 AD, they were used to turn gears that lifted iron trip hammers, and were used in pounding, threshing and polishing grain. However, there is no sufficient evidence for the watermill in China until about the 5th century. The N... | What was used to power chain pumps to raise water to irrigation ditches? | What was used to power chain pumps to raise water to irrigation ditches? | [
"What was used to power chain pumps to raise water to irrigation ditches?"
] | {
"text": [
"Waterwheels"
],
"answer_start": [
462
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14523 | 572fa64db2c2fd14005682ac | Han_dynasty | The waterwheel appeared in Chinese records during the Han. As mentioned by Huan Tan in about 20 AD, they were used to turn gears that lifted iron trip hammers, and were used in pounding, threshing and polishing grain. However, there is no sufficient evidence for the watermill in China until about the 5th century. The N... | What commandery was the creator of the waterwheel-powered reciprocator from? | What commandery was the creator of the waterwheel-powered reciprocator from? | [
"What commandery was the creator of the waterwheel-powered reciprocator from?"
] | {
"text": [
"Nanyang"
],
"answer_start": [
319
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14524 | 572fa64db2c2fd14005682ad | Han_dynasty | The waterwheel appeared in Chinese records during the Han. As mentioned by Huan Tan in about 20 AD, they were used to turn gears that lifted iron trip hammers, and were used in pounding, threshing and polishing grain. However, there is no sufficient evidence for the watermill in China until about the 5th century. The N... | Who was the author of the essay entitled Balance Discourse? | Who was the author of the essay entitled Balance Discourse? | [
"Who was the author of the essay entitled Balance Discourse?"
] | {
"text": [
"Wang Chong"
],
"answer_start": [
621
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14525 | 572fa64db2c2fd14005682ae | Han_dynasty | The waterwheel appeared in Chinese records during the Han. As mentioned by Huan Tan in about 20 AD, they were used to turn gears that lifted iron trip hammers, and were used in pounding, threshing and polishing grain. However, there is no sufficient evidence for the watermill in China until about the 5th century. The N... | During what century is it likely that the watermill made an appearance in China? | During what century is it likely that the watermill made an appearance in China? | [
"During what century is it likely that the watermill made an appearance in China?"
] | {
"text": [
"about the 5th century"
],
"answer_start": [
292
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14526 | 572fa64db2c2fd14005682af | Han_dynasty | The waterwheel appeared in Chinese records during the Han. As mentioned by Huan Tan in about 20 AD, they were used to turn gears that lifted iron trip hammers, and were used in pounding, threshing and polishing grain. However, there is no sufficient evidence for the watermill in China until about the 5th century. The N... | During what era did the waterwheel first appear in recordings? | During what era did the waterwheel first appear in recordings? | [
"During what era did the waterwheel first appear in recordings?"
] | {
"text": [
"Han"
],
"answer_start": [
54
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14527 | 572fa7c3b2c2fd14005682c9 | Han_dynasty | The armillary sphere, a three-dimensional representation of the movements in the celestial sphere, was invented in Han China by the 1st century BC. Using a water clock, waterwheel and a series of gears, the Court Astronomer Zhang Heng (78–139 AD) was able to mechanically rotate his metal-ringed armillary sphere. To add... | Who was responsible for the invention of the seismometer? | Who was responsible for the invention of the seismometer? | [
"Who was responsible for the invention of the seismometer?"
] | {
"text": [
"Zhang Heng"
],
"answer_start": [
224
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14528 | 572fa7c3b2c2fd14005682ca | Han_dynasty | The armillary sphere, a three-dimensional representation of the movements in the celestial sphere, was invented in Han China by the 1st century BC. Using a water clock, waterwheel and a series of gears, the Court Astronomer Zhang Heng (78–139 AD) was able to mechanically rotate his metal-ringed armillary sphere. To add... | In what year was the seismometer first invented? | In what year was the seismometer first invented? | [
"In what year was the seismometer first invented?"
] | {
"text": [
"132 AD"
],
"answer_start": [
570
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14529 | 572fa7c3b2c2fd14005682cb | Han_dynasty | The armillary sphere, a three-dimensional representation of the movements in the celestial sphere, was invented in Han China by the 1st century BC. Using a water clock, waterwheel and a series of gears, the Court Astronomer Zhang Heng (78–139 AD) was able to mechanically rotate his metal-ringed armillary sphere. To add... | What invention included an inverted pendulum? | What invention included an inverted pendulum? | [
"What invention included an inverted pendulum?"
] | {
"text": [
"seismometer"
],
"answer_start": [
529
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14530 | 572fa7c3b2c2fd14005682cc | Han_dynasty | The armillary sphere, a three-dimensional representation of the movements in the celestial sphere, was invented in Han China by the 1st century BC. Using a water clock, waterwheel and a series of gears, the Court Astronomer Zhang Heng (78–139 AD) was able to mechanically rotate his metal-ringed armillary sphere. To add... | How many dragons were represented in Zhang Heng's invention of the seismometer? | How many dragons were represented in Zhang Heng's invention of the seismometer? | [
"How many dragons were represented in Zhang Heng's invention of the seismometer?"
] | {
"text": [
"eight"
],
"answer_start": [
818
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14531 | 572fa7c3b2c2fd14005682cd | Han_dynasty | The armillary sphere, a three-dimensional representation of the movements in the celestial sphere, was invented in Han China by the 1st century BC. Using a water clock, waterwheel and a series of gears, the Court Astronomer Zhang Heng (78–139 AD) was able to mechanically rotate his metal-ringed armillary sphere. To add... | What was exchanged from mouth to mouth in the usage of the seismometer? | What was exchanged from mouth to mouth in the usage of the seismometer? | [
"What was exchanged from mouth to mouth in the usage of the seismometer?"
] | {
"text": [
"metal ball"
],
"answer_start": [
795
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14532 | 572fa95c947a6a140053cb30 | Han_dynasty | Three Han mathematical treatises still exist. These are the Book on Numbers and Computation, the Arithmetical Classic of the Gnomon and the Circular Paths of Heaven and the Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art. Han-era mathematical achievements include solving problems with right-angle triangles, square roots, cube ro... | What type of treatise is the Book on Numbers and Computation considered to be? | What type of treatise is the Book on Numbers and Computation considered to be? | [
"What type of treatise is the Book on Numbers and Computation considered to be?"
] | {
"text": [
"mathematical"
],
"answer_start": [
10
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14533 | 572fa95c947a6a140053cb31 | Han_dynasty | Three Han mathematical treatises still exist. These are the Book on Numbers and Computation, the Arithmetical Classic of the Gnomon and the Circular Paths of Heaven and the Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art. Han-era mathematical achievements include solving problems with right-angle triangles, square roots, cube ro... | How many mathematical treatises have still managed to survive to this day? | How many mathematical treatises have still managed to survive to this day? | [
"How many mathematical treatises have still managed to survive to this day?"
] | {
"text": [
"Three"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14534 | 572fa95c947a6a140053cb32 | Han_dynasty | Three Han mathematical treatises still exist. These are the Book on Numbers and Computation, the Arithmetical Classic of the Gnomon and the Circular Paths of Heaven and the Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art. Han-era mathematical achievements include solving problems with right-angle triangles, square roots, cube ro... | What achievement of the Han era can be used to help solve linear equations? | What achievement of the Han era can be used to help solve linear equations? | [
"What achievement of the Han era can be used to help solve linear equations?"
] | {
"text": [
"Gaussian elimination"
],
"answer_start": [
476
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14535 | 572fa95c947a6a140053cb33 | Han_dynasty | Three Han mathematical treatises still exist. These are the Book on Numbers and Computation, the Arithmetical Classic of the Gnomon and the Circular Paths of Heaven and the Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art. Han-era mathematical achievements include solving problems with right-angle triangles, square roots, cube ro... | During what era was the Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art from? | During what era was the Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art from? | [
"During what era was the Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art from?"
] | {
"text": [
"Han"
],
"answer_start": [
6
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14536 | 572fa95c947a6a140053cb34 | Han_dynasty | Three Han mathematical treatises still exist. These are the Book on Numbers and Computation, the Arithmetical Classic of the Gnomon and the Circular Paths of Heaven and the Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art. Han-era mathematical achievements include solving problems with right-angle triangles, square roots, cube ro... | What can be used to help find the roots of equations? | What can be used to help find the roots of equations? | [
"What can be used to help find the roots of equations?"
] | {
"text": [
"continued fractions"
],
"answer_start": [
528
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14537 | 572faa5304bcaa1900d76b95 | Han_dynasty | One of the Han's greatest mathematical advancements was the world's first use of negative numbers. Negative numbers first appeared in the Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art as black counting rods, where positive numbers were represented by red counting rods. Negative numbers are used in the Bakhshali manuscript of a... | In what treatise did negative numbers first appear? | In what treatise did negative numbers first appear? | [
"In what treatise did negative numbers first appear?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art"
],
"answer_start": [
134
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14538 | 572faa5304bcaa1900d76b96 | Han_dynasty | One of the Han's greatest mathematical advancements was the world's first use of negative numbers. Negative numbers first appeared in the Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art as black counting rods, where positive numbers were represented by red counting rods. Negative numbers are used in the Bakhshali manuscript of a... | How were negative numbers first described during the Han period? | How were negative numbers first described during the Han period? | [
"How were negative numbers first described during the Han period?"
] | {
"text": [
"as black counting rods"
],
"answer_start": [
176
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14539 | 572faa5304bcaa1900d76b97 | Han_dynasty | One of the Han's greatest mathematical advancements was the world's first use of negative numbers. Negative numbers first appeared in the Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art as black counting rods, where positive numbers were represented by red counting rods. Negative numbers are used in the Bakhshali manuscript of a... | In what century were negative numbers more commonly accepted in Europe? | In what century were negative numbers more commonly accepted in Europe? | [
"In what century were negative numbers more commonly accepted in Europe?"
] | {
"text": [
"16th century AD"
],
"answer_start": [
516
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14540 | 572faa5304bcaa1900d76b98 | Han_dynasty | One of the Han's greatest mathematical advancements was the world's first use of negative numbers. Negative numbers first appeared in the Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art as black counting rods, where positive numbers were represented by red counting rods. Negative numbers are used in the Bakhshali manuscript of a... | What Indian manuscript also contains the useage of negative numbers? | What Indian manuscript also contains the useage of negative numbers? | [
"What Indian manuscript also contains the useage of negative numbers?"
] | {
"text": [
"Bakhshali"
],
"answer_start": [
295
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14541 | 572faa5304bcaa1900d76b99 | Han_dynasty | One of the Han's greatest mathematical advancements was the world's first use of negative numbers. Negative numbers first appeared in the Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art as black counting rods, where positive numbers were represented by red counting rods. Negative numbers are used in the Bakhshali manuscript of a... | What were positive numbers portayed as in the treatise of the Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art? | What were positive numbers portayed as in the treatise of the Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art? | [
"What were positive numbers portayed as in the treatise of the Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art?"
] | {
"text": [
"red counting rods"
],
"answer_start": [
243
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14542 | 572fac1d04bcaa1900d76bbd | Han_dynasty | Han-era astronomers adopted a geocentric model of the universe, theorizing that it was shaped like a sphere surrounding the earth in the center. They assumed that the Sun, Moon, and planets were spherical and not disc-shaped. They also thought that the illumination of the Moon and planets was caused by sunlight, that l... | In what era was a geocentric view of the universe adopted? | In what era was a geocentric view of the universe adopted? | [
"In what era was a geocentric view of the universe adopted?"
] | {
"text": [
"Han"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14543 | 572fac1d04bcaa1900d76bbe | Han_dynasty | Han-era astronomers adopted a geocentric model of the universe, theorizing that it was shaped like a sphere surrounding the earth in the center. They assumed that the Sun, Moon, and planets were spherical and not disc-shaped. They also thought that the illumination of the Moon and planets was caused by sunlight, that l... | Who was able to describe the process of evaporation? | Who was able to describe the process of evaporation? | [
"Who was able to describe the process of evaporation?"
] | {
"text": [
"Wang Chong"
],
"answer_start": [
536
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14544 | 572fac1d04bcaa1900d76bbf | Han_dynasty | Han-era astronomers adopted a geocentric model of the universe, theorizing that it was shaped like a sphere surrounding the earth in the center. They assumed that the Sun, Moon, and planets were spherical and not disc-shaped. They also thought that the illumination of the Moon and planets was caused by sunlight, that l... | What object was assumed to block sunlight during a lunar eclipse? | What object was assumed to block sunlight during a lunar eclipse? | [
"What object was assumed to block sunlight during a lunar eclipse?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Earth"
],
"answer_start": [
348
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14545 | 572fac1d04bcaa1900d76bc0 | Han_dynasty | Han-era astronomers adopted a geocentric model of the universe, theorizing that it was shaped like a sphere surrounding the earth in the center. They assumed that the Sun, Moon, and planets were spherical and not disc-shaped. They also thought that the illumination of the Moon and planets was caused by sunlight, that l... | What did astronomers believe the shape of the Sun to be during this era? | What did astronomers believe the shape of the Sun to be during this era? | [
"What did astronomers believe the shape of the Sun to be during this era?"
] | {
"text": [
"spherical"
],
"answer_start": [
195
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14546 | 572fac1d04bcaa1900d76bc1 | Han_dynasty | Han-era astronomers adopted a geocentric model of the universe, theorizing that it was shaped like a sphere surrounding the earth in the center. They assumed that the Sun, Moon, and planets were spherical and not disc-shaped. They also thought that the illumination of the Moon and planets was caused by sunlight, that l... | What did astronomers during this area believe to be the center of the universe? | What did astronomers during this area believe to be the center of the universe? | [
"What did astronomers during this area believe to be the center of the universe?"
] | {
"text": [
"the earth"
],
"answer_start": [
120
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14547 | 572fad40b2c2fd1400568321 | Han_dynasty | Evidence found in Chinese literature, and archaeological evidence, show that cartography existed in China before the Han. Some of the earliest Han maps discovered were ink-penned silk maps found amongst the Mawangdui Silk Texts in a 2nd-century-BC tomb. The general Ma Yuan created the world's first known raised-relief ... | What textile were some of the early Han maps made from? | What textile were some of the early Han maps made from? | [
"What textile were some of the early Han maps made from?"
] | {
"text": [
"silk"
],
"answer_start": [
179
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14548 | 572fad40b2c2fd1400568322 | Han_dynasty | Evidence found in Chinese literature, and archaeological evidence, show that cartography existed in China before the Han. Some of the earliest Han maps discovered were ink-penned silk maps found amongst the Mawangdui Silk Texts in a 2nd-century-BC tomb. The general Ma Yuan created the world's first known raised-relief ... | In what type of building were silken maps found? | In what type of building were silken maps found? | [
"In what type of building were silken maps found?"
] | {
"text": [
"tomb"
],
"answer_start": [
248
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14549 | 572fad40b2c2fd1400568323 | Han_dynasty | Evidence found in Chinese literature, and archaeological evidence, show that cartography existed in China before the Han. Some of the earliest Han maps discovered were ink-penned silk maps found amongst the Mawangdui Silk Texts in a 2nd-century-BC tomb. The general Ma Yuan created the world's first known raised-relief ... | Which individual created the very first raised relief map? | Which individual created the very first raised relief map? | [
"Which individual created the very first raised relief map?"
] | {
"text": [
"Ma Yuan"
],
"answer_start": [
266
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14550 | 572fad40b2c2fd1400568324 | Han_dynasty | Evidence found in Chinese literature, and archaeological evidence, show that cartography existed in China before the Han. Some of the earliest Han maps discovered were ink-penned silk maps found amongst the Mawangdui Silk Texts in a 2nd-century-BC tomb. The general Ma Yuan created the world's first known raised-relief ... | What food stable was the first raised relief map created from? | What food stable was the first raised relief map created from? | [
"What food stable was the first raised relief map created from?"
] | {
"text": [
"rice"
],
"answer_start": [
329
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14551 | 572fb04d947a6a140053cb78 | Han_dynasty | The Han-era Chinese sailed in a variety of ships differing from those of previous eras, such as the tower ship. The junk design was developed and realized during Han. Junks featured a square-ended bow and stern, a flat-bottomed hull or carvel-shaped hull with no keel or sternpost, and solid transverse bulkheads in the ... | What type of boat design was first invented during the Han era? | What type of boat design was first invented during the Han era? | [
"What type of boat design was first invented during the Han era?"
] | {
"text": [
"The junk design"
],
"answer_start": [
112
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14552 | 572fb04d947a6a140053cb79 | Han_dynasty | The Han-era Chinese sailed in a variety of ships differing from those of previous eras, such as the tower ship. The junk design was developed and realized during Han. Junks featured a square-ended bow and stern, a flat-bottomed hull or carvel-shaped hull with no keel or sternpost, and solid transverse bulkheads in the ... | In what areas were Han ships able to be sailed in part due to the stern rudder? | In what areas were Han ships able to be sailed in part due to the stern rudder? | [
"In what areas were Han ships able to be sailed in part due to the stern rudder?"
] | {
"text": [
"high seas"
],
"answer_start": [
560
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14553 | 572fb04d947a6a140053cb7a | Han_dynasty | The Han-era Chinese sailed in a variety of ships differing from those of previous eras, such as the tower ship. The junk design was developed and realized during Han. Junks featured a square-ended bow and stern, a flat-bottomed hull or carvel-shaped hull with no keel or sternpost, and solid transverse bulkheads in the ... | What ship design contained a flat-bottomed hull? | What ship design contained a flat-bottomed hull? | [
"What ship design contained a flat-bottomed hull?"
] | {
"text": [
"Junks"
],
"answer_start": [
167
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14554 | 572fb04d947a6a140053cb7b | Han_dynasty | The Han-era Chinese sailed in a variety of ships differing from those of previous eras, such as the tower ship. The junk design was developed and realized during Han. Junks featured a square-ended bow and stern, a flat-bottomed hull or carvel-shaped hull with no keel or sternpost, and solid transverse bulkheads in the ... | What type of transport was the steering oar most likely to be used during? | What type of transport was the steering oar most likely to be used during? | [
"What type of transport was the steering oar most likely to be used during?"
] | {
"text": [
"riverine transport"
],
"answer_start": [
511
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14555 | 572fb186a23a5019007fc8b5 | Han_dynasty | Han-era medical physicians believed that the human body was subject to the same forces of nature that governed the greater universe, namely the cosmological cycles of yin and yang and the five phases. Each organ of the body was associated with a particular phase. Illness was viewed as a sign that qi or "vital energy" c... | Who believed that the same forces that controlled the universe also controlled the human body? | Who believed that the same forces that controlled the universe also controlled the human body? | [
"Who believed that the same forces that controlled the universe also controlled the human body?"
] | {
"text": [
"Han-era medical physicians"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14556 | 572fb186a23a5019007fc8b6 | Han_dynasty | Han-era medical physicians believed that the human body was subject to the same forces of nature that governed the greater universe, namely the cosmological cycles of yin and yang and the five phases. Each organ of the body was associated with a particular phase. Illness was viewed as a sign that qi or "vital energy" c... | What was used during surgery to relieve patients of their pain? | What was used during surgery to relieve patients of their pain? | [
"What was used during surgery to relieve patients of their pain?"
] | {
"text": [
"anesthesia"
],
"answer_start": [
1128
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14557 | 572fb186a23a5019007fc8b7 | Han_dynasty | Han-era medical physicians believed that the human body was subject to the same forces of nature that governed the greater universe, namely the cosmological cycles of yin and yang and the five phases. Each organ of the body was associated with a particular phase. Illness was viewed as a sign that qi or "vital energy" c... | What profession was the individual Zhang Zhongjing involved in? | What profession was the individual Zhang Zhongjing involved in? | [
"What profession was the individual Zhang Zhongjing involved in?"
] | {
"text": [
"physician"
],
"answer_start": [
675
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14558 | 572fb186a23a5019007fc8b8 | Han_dynasty | Han-era medical physicians believed that the human body was subject to the same forces of nature that governed the greater universe, namely the cosmological cycles of yin and yang and the five phases. Each organ of the body was associated with a particular phase. Illness was viewed as a sign that qi or "vital energy" c... | How did Zhang Zhongjing attempt to cure various illnesses? | How did Zhang Zhongjing attempt to cure various illnesses? | [
"How did Zhang Zhongjing attempt to cure various illnesses?"
] | {
"text": [
"prescribed regulated diets"
],
"answer_start": [
720
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14559 | 572fb186a23a5019007fc8b9 | Han_dynasty | Han-era medical physicians believed that the human body was subject to the same forces of nature that governed the greater universe, namely the cosmological cycles of yin and yang and the five phases. Each organ of the body was associated with a particular phase. Illness was viewed as a sign that qi or "vital energy" c... | When did Hua Tuo die? | When did Hua Tuo die? | [
"When did Hua Tuo die?"
] | {
"text": [
"208 AD"
],
"answer_start": [
1111
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14560 | 573013b0b2c2fd140056881d | Alfred_North_Whitehead | Beginning in the late 1910s and early 1920s, Whitehead gradually turned his attention from mathematics to philosophy of science, and finally to metaphysics. He developed a comprehensive metaphysical system which radically departed from most of western philosophy. Whitehead argued that reality consists of processes rath... | What did Whitehead first study? | What did Whitehead first study? | [
"What did Whitehead first study?"
] | {
"text": [
"mathematics"
],
"answer_start": [
91
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14561 | 573013b0b2c2fd140056881e | Alfred_North_Whitehead | Beginning in the late 1910s and early 1920s, Whitehead gradually turned his attention from mathematics to philosophy of science, and finally to metaphysics. He developed a comprehensive metaphysical system which radically departed from most of western philosophy. Whitehead argued that reality consists of processes rath... | What was Whitehead's second area of study? | What was Whitehead's second area of study? | [
"What was Whitehead's second area of study?"
] | {
"text": [
"philosophy"
],
"answer_start": [
106
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14562 | 573013b0b2c2fd140056881f | Alfred_North_Whitehead | Beginning in the late 1910s and early 1920s, Whitehead gradually turned his attention from mathematics to philosophy of science, and finally to metaphysics. He developed a comprehensive metaphysical system which radically departed from most of western philosophy. Whitehead argued that reality consists of processes rath... | What was Whitehead's final area of study? | What was Whitehead's final area of study? | [
"What was Whitehead's final area of study?"
] | {
"text": [
"metaphysics"
],
"answer_start": [
144
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14563 | 573013b0b2c2fd1400568820 | Alfred_North_Whitehead | Beginning in the late 1910s and early 1920s, Whitehead gradually turned his attention from mathematics to philosophy of science, and finally to metaphysics. He developed a comprehensive metaphysical system which radically departed from most of western philosophy. Whitehead argued that reality consists of processes rath... | What type of system did he develop? | What type of system did he develop? | [
"What type of system did he develop?"
] | {
"text": [
"metaphysical"
],
"answer_start": [
186
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14564 | 573013b0b2c2fd1400568821 | Alfred_North_Whitehead | Beginning in the late 1910s and early 1920s, Whitehead gradually turned his attention from mathematics to philosophy of science, and finally to metaphysics. He developed a comprehensive metaphysical system which radically departed from most of western philosophy. Whitehead argued that reality consists of processes rath... | What did Whitehead argue reality consists of? | What did Whitehead argue reality consists of? | [
"What did Whitehead argue reality consists of?"
] | {
"text": [
"processes"
],
"answer_start": [
306
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14565 | 57331b0dd058e614000b56fa | Alfred_North_Whitehead | Beginning in the late 1910s and early 1920s, Whitehead gradually turned his attention from mathematics to philosophy of science, and finally to metaphysics. He developed a comprehensive metaphysical system which radically departed from most of western philosophy. Whitehead argued that reality consists of processes rath... | During which decade did Whitehead's focus start shifting away from mathematics? | During which decade did Whitehead's focus start shifting away from mathematics? | [
"During which decade did Whitehead's focus start shifting away from mathematics?"
] | {
"text": [
"1910s"
],
"answer_start": [
22
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14566 | 57331b0dd058e614000b56fb | Alfred_North_Whitehead | Beginning in the late 1910s and early 1920s, Whitehead gradually turned his attention from mathematics to philosophy of science, and finally to metaphysics. He developed a comprehensive metaphysical system which radically departed from most of western philosophy. Whitehead argued that reality consists of processes rath... | After moving away from mathematics, what subjects did Whitehead explore? | After moving away from mathematics, what subjects did Whitehead explore? | [
"After moving away from mathematics, what subjects did Whitehead explore?"
] | {
"text": [
"philosophy of science, and finally to metaphysics"
],
"answer_start": [
106
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14567 | 57331b0dd058e614000b56fc | Alfred_North_Whitehead | Beginning in the late 1910s and early 1920s, Whitehead gradually turned his attention from mathematics to philosophy of science, and finally to metaphysics. He developed a comprehensive metaphysical system which radically departed from most of western philosophy. Whitehead argued that reality consists of processes rath... | As opposed to physical objects, what did Whitehead believe reality is composed of? | As opposed to physical objects, what did Whitehead believe reality is composed of? | [
"As opposed to physical objects, what did Whitehead believe reality is composed of?"
] | {
"text": [
"processes"
],
"answer_start": [
306
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14568 | 57331b0dd058e614000b56fd | Alfred_North_Whitehead | Beginning in the late 1910s and early 1920s, Whitehead gradually turned his attention from mathematics to philosophy of science, and finally to metaphysics. He developed a comprehensive metaphysical system which radically departed from most of western philosophy. Whitehead argued that reality consists of processes rath... | What was the predominant theory of reality that Whitehead opposed? | What was the predominant theory of reality that Whitehead opposed? | [
"What was the predominant theory of reality that Whitehead opposed?"
] | {
"text": [
"reality is fundamentally constructed by bits of matter that exist independently of one another"
],
"answer_start": [
454
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14569 | 57331b0dd058e614000b56fe | Alfred_North_Whitehead | Beginning in the late 1910s and early 1920s, Whitehead gradually turned his attention from mathematics to philosophy of science, and finally to metaphysics. He developed a comprehensive metaphysical system which radically departed from most of western philosophy. Whitehead argued that reality consists of processes rath... | What book of Whitehead's is now considered a primary source of process philosophy? | What book of Whitehead's is now considered a primary source of process philosophy? | [
"What book of Whitehead's is now considered a primary source of process philosophy?"
] | {
"text": [
"Process and Reality"
],
"answer_start": [
603
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14570 | 5ad3c8e4604f3c001a3ff081 | Alfred_North_Whitehead | Beginning in the late 1910s and early 1920s, Whitehead gradually turned his attention from mathematics to philosophy of science, and finally to metaphysics. He developed a comprehensive metaphysical system which radically departed from most of western philosophy. Whitehead argued that reality consists of processes rath... | During which decade did Whitehead's focus start shifting away from science? | During which decade did Whitehead's focus start shifting away from science? | [
"During which decade did Whitehead's focus start shifting away from science?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14571 | 5ad3c8e4604f3c001a3ff082 | Alfred_North_Whitehead | Beginning in the late 1910s and early 1920s, Whitehead gradually turned his attention from mathematics to philosophy of science, and finally to metaphysics. He developed a comprehensive metaphysical system which radically departed from most of western philosophy. Whitehead argued that reality consists of processes rath... | As opposed to physical objects, what did Whitehead believe nonreality is composed of? | As opposed to physical objects, what did Whitehead believe nonreality is composed of? | [
" As opposed to physical objects, what did Whitehead believe nonreality is composed of?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14572 | 5ad3c8e4604f3c001a3ff083 | Alfred_North_Whitehead | Beginning in the late 1910s and early 1920s, Whitehead gradually turned his attention from mathematics to philosophy of science, and finally to metaphysics. He developed a comprehensive metaphysical system which radically departed from most of western philosophy. Whitehead argued that reality consists of processes rath... | What song of Whitehead's is now considered a primary source of process philosophy? | What song of Whitehead's is now considered a primary source of process philosophy? | [
"What song of Whitehead's is now considered a primary source of process philosophy?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14573 | 5ad3c8e4604f3c001a3ff084 | Alfred_North_Whitehead | Beginning in the late 1910s and early 1920s, Whitehead gradually turned his attention from mathematics to philosophy of science, and finally to metaphysics. He developed a comprehensive metaphysical system which radically departed from most of western philosophy. Whitehead argued that reality consists of processes rath... | After moving away from mathematics, what subjects did Whitehead reject? | After moving away from mathematics, what subjects did Whitehead reject? | [
" After moving away from mathematics, what subjects did Whitehead reject?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14574 | 5ad3c8e4604f3c001a3ff085 | Alfred_North_Whitehead | Beginning in the late 1910s and early 1920s, Whitehead gradually turned his attention from mathematics to philosophy of science, and finally to metaphysics. He developed a comprehensive metaphysical system which radically departed from most of western philosophy. Whitehead argued that reality consists of processes rath... | What was the predominant theory of reality that Whitehead agreed with? | What was the predominant theory of reality that Whitehead agreed with? | [
"What was the predominant theory of reality that Whitehead agreed with?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14575 | 57301444947a6a140053d070 | Alfred_North_Whitehead | Alfred North Whitehead was born in Ramsgate, Kent, England, in 1861. His father, Alfred Whitehead, was a minister and schoolmaster of Chatham House Academy, a successful school for boys established by Thomas Whitehead, Alfred North's grandfather. Whitehead himself recalled both of them as being very successful schoolma... | Where was Alfred North Whitehead born? | Where was Alfred North Whitehead born? | [
"Where was Alfred North Whitehead born? "
] | {
"text": [
"Ramsgate, Kent, England"
],
"answer_start": [
35
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14576 | 57301444947a6a140053d071 | Alfred_North_Whitehead | Alfred North Whitehead was born in Ramsgate, Kent, England, in 1861. His father, Alfred Whitehead, was a minister and schoolmaster of Chatham House Academy, a successful school for boys established by Thomas Whitehead, Alfred North's grandfather. Whitehead himself recalled both of them as being very successful schoolma... | What year was Whitehead born? | What year was Whitehead born? | [
"What year was Whitehead born?"
] | {
"text": [
"1861"
],
"answer_start": [
63
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14577 | 57301444947a6a140053d072 | Alfred_North_Whitehead | Alfred North Whitehead was born in Ramsgate, Kent, England, in 1861. His father, Alfred Whitehead, was a minister and schoolmaster of Chatham House Academy, a successful school for boys established by Thomas Whitehead, Alfred North's grandfather. Whitehead himself recalled both of them as being very successful schoolma... | What was Whitehead's father's profession? | What was Whitehead's father's profession? | [
"What was Whitehead's father's profession?"
] | {
"text": [
"minister and schoolmaster"
],
"answer_start": [
105
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14578 | 57301444947a6a140053d073 | Alfred_North_Whitehead | Alfred North Whitehead was born in Ramsgate, Kent, England, in 1861. His father, Alfred Whitehead, was a minister and schoolmaster of Chatham House Academy, a successful school for boys established by Thomas Whitehead, Alfred North's grandfather. Whitehead himself recalled both of them as being very successful schoolma... | What was Whitehead's mother's name? | What was Whitehead's mother's name? | [
"What was Whitehead's mother's name?"
] | {
"text": [
"Maria Sarah Whitehead,"
],
"answer_start": [
407
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14579 | 57301444947a6a140053d074 | Alfred_North_Whitehead | Alfred North Whitehead was born in Ramsgate, Kent, England, in 1861. His father, Alfred Whitehead, was a minister and schoolmaster of Chatham House Academy, a successful school for boys established by Thomas Whitehead, Alfred North's grandfather. Whitehead himself recalled both of them as being very successful schoolma... | What was Whitehead's wife's name? | What was Whitehead's wife's name? | [
"What was Whitehead's wife's name?"
] | {
"text": [
"Evelyn"
],
"answer_start": [
623
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14580 | 57331bdad058e614000b5704 | Alfred_North_Whitehead | Alfred North Whitehead was born in Ramsgate, Kent, England, in 1861. His father, Alfred Whitehead, was a minister and schoolmaster of Chatham House Academy, a successful school for boys established by Thomas Whitehead, Alfred North's grandfather. Whitehead himself recalled both of them as being very successful schoolma... | Where was Alfred North Whitehead born? | Where was Alfred North Whitehead born? | [
"Where was Alfred North Whitehead born?"
] | {
"text": [
"Ramsgate, Kent, England"
],
"answer_start": [
35
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14581 | 57331bdad058e614000b5705 | Alfred_North_Whitehead | Alfred North Whitehead was born in Ramsgate, Kent, England, in 1861. His father, Alfred Whitehead, was a minister and schoolmaster of Chatham House Academy, a successful school for boys established by Thomas Whitehead, Alfred North's grandfather. Whitehead himself recalled both of them as being very successful schoolma... | In what year was Whitehead born? | In what year was Whitehead born? | [
"In what year was Whitehead born?"
] | {
"text": [
"1861"
],
"answer_start": [
63
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14582 | 57331bdad058e614000b5706 | Alfred_North_Whitehead | Alfred North Whitehead was born in Ramsgate, Kent, England, in 1861. His father, Alfred Whitehead, was a minister and schoolmaster of Chatham House Academy, a successful school for boys established by Thomas Whitehead, Alfred North's grandfather. Whitehead himself recalled both of them as being very successful schoolma... | Who founded Chatham House Academy? | Who founded Chatham House Academy? | [
"Who founded Chatham House Academy?"
] | {
"text": [
"Thomas Whitehead, Alfred North's grandfather"
],
"answer_start": [
201
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14583 | 57331bdad058e614000b5707 | Alfred_North_Whitehead | Alfred North Whitehead was born in Ramsgate, Kent, England, in 1861. His father, Alfred Whitehead, was a minister and schoolmaster of Chatham House Academy, a successful school for boys established by Thomas Whitehead, Alfred North's grandfather. Whitehead himself recalled both of them as being very successful schoolma... | What was Whitehead's father's profession? | What was Whitehead's father's profession? | [
"What was Whitehead's father's profession?"
] | {
"text": [
"minister and schoolmaster of Chatham House Academy"
],
"answer_start": [
105
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14584 | 57331bdad058e614000b5708 | Alfred_North_Whitehead | Alfred North Whitehead was born in Ramsgate, Kent, England, in 1861. His father, Alfred Whitehead, was a minister and schoolmaster of Chatham House Academy, a successful school for boys established by Thomas Whitehead, Alfred North's grandfather. Whitehead himself recalled both of them as being very successful schoolma... | Who was Whitehead's mother? | Who was Whitehead's mother? | [
"Who was Whitehead's mother?"
] | {
"text": [
"Maria Sarah Whitehead, formerly Maria Sarah Buckmaster"
],
"answer_start": [
407
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14585 | 5ad3c91f604f3c001a3ff08b | Alfred_North_Whitehead | Alfred North Whitehead was born in Ramsgate, Kent, England, in 1861. His father, Alfred Whitehead, was a minister and schoolmaster of Chatham House Academy, a successful school for boys established by Thomas Whitehead, Alfred North's grandfather. Whitehead himself recalled both of them as being very successful schoolma... | Where was Alfred West Whitehead born? | Where was Alfred West Whitehead born? | [
"Where was Alfred West Whitehead born?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14586 | 5ad3c91f604f3c001a3ff08c | Alfred_North_Whitehead | Alfred North Whitehead was born in Ramsgate, Kent, England, in 1861. His father, Alfred Whitehead, was a minister and schoolmaster of Chatham House Academy, a successful school for boys established by Thomas Whitehead, Alfred North's grandfather. Whitehead himself recalled both of them as being very successful schoolma... | What happened in 1864? | What happened in 1864? | [
"What happened in 1864?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14587 | 5ad3c91f604f3c001a3ff08d | Alfred_North_Whitehead | Alfred North Whitehead was born in Ramsgate, Kent, England, in 1861. His father, Alfred Whitehead, was a minister and schoolmaster of Chatham House Academy, a successful school for boys established by Thomas Whitehead, Alfred North's grandfather. Whitehead himself recalled both of them as being very successful schoolma... | Who destroyed Chatham House Academy? | Who destroyed Chatham House Academy? | [
" Who destroyed Chatham House Academy?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14588 | 5ad3c91f604f3c001a3ff08e | Alfred_North_Whitehead | Alfred North Whitehead was born in Ramsgate, Kent, England, in 1861. His father, Alfred Whitehead, was a minister and schoolmaster of Chatham House Academy, a successful school for boys established by Thomas Whitehead, Alfred North's grandfather. Whitehead himself recalled both of them as being very successful schoolma... | What was Whitehead's father's hobbies? | What was Whitehead's father's hobbies? | [
" What was Whitehead's father's hobbies?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14589 | 5ad3c91f604f3c001a3ff08f | Alfred_North_Whitehead | Alfred North Whitehead was born in Ramsgate, Kent, England, in 1861. His father, Alfred Whitehead, was a minister and schoolmaster of Chatham House Academy, a successful school for boys established by Thomas Whitehead, Alfred North's grandfather. Whitehead himself recalled both of them as being very successful schoolma... | Who was Whitehead's aunt? | Who was Whitehead's aunt? | [
" Who was Whitehead's aunt?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14590 | 5730289204bcaa1900d77277 | Alfred_North_Whitehead | In 1918 Whitehead's academic responsibilities began to seriously expand as he accepted a number of high administrative positions within the University of London system, of which Imperial College London was a member at the time. He was elected Dean of the Faculty of Science at the University of London in late 1918 (a po... | When did Whitehead accept administrative positions? | When did Whitehead accept administrative positions? | [
"When did Whitehead accept administrative positions?"
] | {
"text": [
"1918"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14591 | 5730289204bcaa1900d77278 | Alfred_North_Whitehead | In 1918 Whitehead's academic responsibilities began to seriously expand as he accepted a number of high administrative positions within the University of London system, of which Imperial College London was a member at the time. He was elected Dean of the Faculty of Science at the University of London in late 1918 (a po... | Where did Whitehead accept administrative positions? | Where did Whitehead accept administrative positions? | [
"Where did Whitehead accept administrative positions?"
] | {
"text": [
"University of London"
],
"answer_start": [
140
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14592 | 5730289204bcaa1900d77279 | Alfred_North_Whitehead | In 1918 Whitehead's academic responsibilities began to seriously expand as he accepted a number of high administrative positions within the University of London system, of which Imperial College London was a member at the time. He was elected Dean of the Faculty of Science at the University of London in late 1918 (a po... | What was he elected at the University of London? | What was he elected at the University of London? | [
"What was he elected at the University of London?"
] | {
"text": [
"Dean of the Faculty of Science"
],
"answer_start": [
243
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14593 | 5730289204bcaa1900d7727a | Alfred_North_Whitehead | In 1918 Whitehead's academic responsibilities began to seriously expand as he accepted a number of high administrative positions within the University of London system, of which Imperial College London was a member at the time. He was elected Dean of the Faculty of Science at the University of London in late 1918 (a po... | When did Whitehead go to America? | When did Whitehead go to America? | [
"When did Whitehead go to America?"
] | {
"text": [
"1924"
],
"answer_start": [
525
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14594 | 57331ea14776f419006606f4 | Alfred_North_Whitehead | In 1918 Whitehead's academic responsibilities began to seriously expand as he accepted a number of high administrative positions within the University of London system, of which Imperial College London was a member at the time. He was elected Dean of the Faculty of Science at the University of London in late 1918 (a po... | In which educational system was Whitehead employed in the late 1910s? | In which educational system was Whitehead employed in the late 1910s? | [
"In which educational system was Whitehead employed in the late 1910s?"
] | {
"text": [
"University of London system"
],
"answer_start": [
140
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14595 | 57331ea14776f419006606f5 | Alfred_North_Whitehead | In 1918 Whitehead's academic responsibilities began to seriously expand as he accepted a number of high administrative positions within the University of London system, of which Imperial College London was a member at the time. He was elected Dean of the Faculty of Science at the University of London in late 1918 (a po... | What was Whitehead's title at the University of London in late 1918? | What was Whitehead's title at the University of London in late 1918? | [
"What was Whitehead's title at the University of London in late 1918?"
] | {
"text": [
"Dean of the Faculty of Science"
],
"answer_start": [
243
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14596 | 57331ea14776f419006606f6 | Alfred_North_Whitehead | In 1918 Whitehead's academic responsibilities began to seriously expand as he accepted a number of high administrative positions within the University of London system, of which Imperial College London was a member at the time. He was elected Dean of the Faculty of Science at the University of London in late 1918 (a po... | What was Whitehead's last position before he traveled to America? | What was Whitehead's last position before he traveled to America? | [
"What was Whitehead's last position before he traveled to America?"
] | {
"text": [
"chairman of the Senate's Academic (leadership) Council"
],
"answer_start": [
407
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14597 | 57331ea14776f419006606f7 | Alfred_North_Whitehead | In 1918 Whitehead's academic responsibilities began to seriously expand as he accepted a number of high administrative positions within the University of London system, of which Imperial College London was a member at the time. He was elected Dean of the Faculty of Science at the University of London in late 1918 (a po... | In which year did Whitehead relocate to America? | In which year did Whitehead relocate to America? | [
"In which year did Whitehead relocate to America?"
] | {
"text": [
"1924"
],
"answer_start": [
525
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14598 | 57331ea14776f419006606f8 | Alfred_North_Whitehead | In 1918 Whitehead's academic responsibilities began to seriously expand as he accepted a number of high administrative positions within the University of London system, of which Imperial College London was a member at the time. He was elected Dean of the Faculty of Science at the University of London in late 1918 (a po... | What degree program did Whitehead contribute to establishing at University of London? | What degree program did Whitehead contribute to establishing at University of London? | [
"What degree program did Whitehead contribute to establishing at University of London?"
] | {
"text": [
"Bachelor of Science"
],
"answer_start": [
662
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14599 | 5ad3dd30604f3c001a3ff42f | Alfred_North_Whitehead | In 1918 Whitehead's academic responsibilities began to seriously expand as he accepted a number of high administrative positions within the University of London system, of which Imperial College London was a member at the time. He was elected Dean of the Faculty of Science at the University of London in late 1918 (a po... | In which year did Whitehead relocate to Africa? | In which year did Whitehead relocate to Africa? | [
"In which year did Whitehead relocate to Africa?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
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