gem_id stringlengths 20 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringlengths 3 59 | context stringlengths 151 3.71k | question stringlengths 1 270 | target stringlengths 1 270 | references list | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-31500 | 5a63f3017f3c80001a150bb5 | Germans | Pan-Germanism's origins began in the early 19th century following the Napoleonic Wars. The wars launched a new movement that was born in France itself during the French Revolution. Nationalism during the 19th century threatened the old aristocratic regimes. Many ethnic groups of Central and Eastern Europe had been divi... | What wars took place in the 1900's? | What wars took place in the 1900's? | [
"What wars took place in the 1900's?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31501 | 5a63f3017f3c80001a150bb6 | Germans | Pan-Germanism's origins began in the early 19th century following the Napoleonic Wars. The wars launched a new movement that was born in France itself during the French Revolution. Nationalism during the 19th century threatened the old aristocratic regimes. Many ethnic groups of Central and Eastern Europe had been divi... | What movement began in Germany in the 1900's? | What movement began in Germany in the 1900's? | [
"What movement began in Germany in the 1900's?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31502 | 5a63f3017f3c80001a150bb7 | Germans | Pan-Germanism's origins began in the early 19th century following the Napoleonic Wars. The wars launched a new movement that was born in France itself during the French Revolution. Nationalism during the 19th century threatened the old aristocratic regimes. Many ethnic groups of Central and Eastern Europe had been divi... | What people had been united since the Reformation? | What people had been united since the Reformation? | [
"What people had been united since the Reformation?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31503 | 5a63f3017f3c80001a150bb8 | Germans | Pan-Germanism's origins began in the early 19th century following the Napoleonic Wars. The wars launched a new movement that was born in France itself during the French Revolution. Nationalism during the 19th century threatened the old aristocratic regimes. Many ethnic groups of Central and Eastern Europe had been divi... | What German wanted to unite all the ethnic-German people? | What German wanted to unite all the ethnic-German people? | [
"What German wanted to unite all the ethnic-German people?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31504 | 5729600e6aef051400154db0 | Germans | By the 1860s the Kingdom of Prussia and the Austrian Empire were the two most powerful nations dominated by German-speaking elites. Both sought to expand their influence and territory. The Austrian Empire – like the Holy Roman Empire – was a multi-ethnic state, but German-speaking people there did not have an absolute ... | Who were the two most powerful nations in the 1860's? | Who were the two most powerful nations in the 1860's? | [
"Who were the two most powerful nations in the 1860's?"
] | {
"text": [
"Kingdom of Prussia and the Austrian Empire"
],
"answer_start": [
17
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31505 | 5729600e6aef051400154db1 | Germans | By the 1860s the Kingdom of Prussia and the Austrian Empire were the two most powerful nations dominated by German-speaking elites. Both sought to expand their influence and territory. The Austrian Empire – like the Holy Roman Empire – was a multi-ethnic state, but German-speaking people there did not have an absolute ... | When was the German Empire created? | When was the German Empire created? | [
"When was the German Empire created?"
] | {
"text": [
"1871"
],
"answer_start": [
636
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31506 | 5729600e6aef051400154db2 | Germans | By the 1860s the Kingdom of Prussia and the Austrian Empire were the two most powerful nations dominated by German-speaking elites. Both sought to expand their influence and territory. The Austrian Empire – like the Holy Roman Empire – was a multi-ethnic state, but German-speaking people there did not have an absolute ... | Who was Wilhelm I? | Who was Wilhelm I? | [
"Who was Wilhelm I?"
] | {
"text": [
"head of a union of German-speaking states"
],
"answer_start": [
684
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31507 | 5729600e6aef051400154db3 | Germans | By the 1860s the Kingdom of Prussia and the Austrian Empire were the two most powerful nations dominated by German-speaking elites. Both sought to expand their influence and territory. The Austrian Empire – like the Holy Roman Empire – was a multi-ethnic state, but German-speaking people there did not have an absolute ... | What were Prussia and Austria looking to expand? | What were Prussia and Austria looking to expand? | [
"What were Prussia and Austria looking to expand?"
] | {
"text": [
"influence and territory"
],
"answer_start": [
160
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31508 | 5729600e6aef051400154db4 | Germans | By the 1860s the Kingdom of Prussia and the Austrian Empire were the two most powerful nations dominated by German-speaking elites. Both sought to expand their influence and territory. The Austrian Empire – like the Holy Roman Empire – was a multi-ethnic state, but German-speaking people there did not have an absolute ... | Which empire was a multi ethnic state? | Which empire was a multi ethnic state? | [
"Which empire was a multi ethnic state?"
] | {
"text": [
"The Austrian Empire"
],
"answer_start": [
185
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31509 | 5a63f3ff7f3c80001a150bbd | Germans | By the 1860s the Kingdom of Prussia and the Austrian Empire were the two most powerful nations dominated by German-speaking elites. Both sought to expand their influence and territory. The Austrian Empire – like the Holy Roman Empire – was a multi-ethnic state, but German-speaking people there did not have an absolute ... | What powerful nations were dominated by elite Germans in the 18th century? | What powerful nations were dominated by elite Germans in the 18th century? | [
"What powerful nations were dominated by elite Germans in the 18th century?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31510 | 5a63f3ff7f3c80001a150bbe | Germans | By the 1860s the Kingdom of Prussia and the Austrian Empire were the two most powerful nations dominated by German-speaking elites. Both sought to expand their influence and territory. The Austrian Empire – like the Holy Roman Empire – was a multi-ethnic state, but German-speaking people there did not have an absolute ... | What other Empire besides Prussia was a multi-ethnic state? | What other Empire besides Prussia was a multi-ethnic state? | [
"What other Empire besides Prussia was a multi-ethnic state?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31511 | 5a63f3ff7f3c80001a150bbf | Germans | By the 1860s the Kingdom of Prussia and the Austrian Empire were the two most powerful nations dominated by German-speaking elites. Both sought to expand their influence and territory. The Austrian Empire – like the Holy Roman Empire – was a multi-ethnic state, but German-speaking people there did not have an absolute ... | What Empire was the result of a growing German nationalism? | What Empire was the result of a growing German nationalism? | [
"What Empire was the result of a growing German nationalism?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31512 | 5a63f3ff7f3c80001a150bc0 | Germans | By the 1860s the Kingdom of Prussia and the Austrian Empire were the two most powerful nations dominated by German-speaking elites. Both sought to expand their influence and territory. The Austrian Empire – like the Holy Roman Empire – was a multi-ethnic state, but German-speaking people there did not have an absolute ... | What empire was created in the late 18th century? | What empire was created in the late 18th century? | [
"What empire was created in the late 18th century?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31513 | 572960b43f37b319004782d9 | Germans | Following the defeat in World War I, influence of German-speaking elites over Central and Eastern Europe was greatly limited. At the treaty of Versailles Germany was substantially reduced in size. Austria-Hungary was split up. Rump-Austria, which to a certain extent corresponded to the German-speaking areas of Austria-... | What greatly reduced the size of Germany after WWI? | What greatly reduced the size of Germany after WWI? | [
"What greatly reduced the size of Germany after WWI?"
] | {
"text": [
"treaty of Versailles"
],
"answer_start": [
133
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31514 | 572960b43f37b319004782da | Germans | Following the defeat in World War I, influence of German-speaking elites over Central and Eastern Europe was greatly limited. At the treaty of Versailles Germany was substantially reduced in size. Austria-Hungary was split up. Rump-Austria, which to a certain extent corresponded to the German-speaking areas of Austria-... | Who was relocated during the second world war from the Soviet Union? | Who was relocated during the second world war from the Soviet Union? | [
"Who was relocated during the second world war from the Soviet Union?"
] | {
"text": [
"Volga Germans"
],
"answer_start": [
574
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31515 | 572960b43f37b319004782db | Germans | Following the defeat in World War I, influence of German-speaking elites over Central and Eastern Europe was greatly limited. At the treaty of Versailles Germany was substantially reduced in size. Austria-Hungary was split up. Rump-Austria, which to a certain extent corresponded to the German-speaking areas of Austria-... | What name did Rump-Austria adopt? | What name did Rump-Austria adopt? | [
"What name did Rump-Austria adopt?"
] | {
"text": [
"German-Austria"
],
"answer_start": [
450
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31516 | 572960b43f37b319004782dc | Germans | Following the defeat in World War I, influence of German-speaking elites over Central and Eastern Europe was greatly limited. At the treaty of Versailles Germany was substantially reduced in size. Austria-Hungary was split up. Rump-Austria, which to a certain extent corresponded to the German-speaking areas of Austria-... | What is the German translation for German-Austria? | What is the German translation for German-Austria? | [
"What is the German translation for German-Austria?"
] | {
"text": [
"Deutschösterreich"
],
"answer_start": [
475
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31517 | 5a63f4d77f3c80001a150bc5 | Germans | Following the defeat in World War I, influence of German-speaking elites over Central and Eastern Europe was greatly limited. At the treaty of Versailles Germany was substantially reduced in size. Austria-Hungary was split up. Rump-Austria, which to a certain extent corresponded to the German-speaking areas of Austria-... | Who's influence increased after World War I? | Who's influence increased after World War I? | [
"Who's influence increased after World War I?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31518 | 5a63f4d77f3c80001a150bc6 | Germans | Following the defeat in World War I, influence of German-speaking elites over Central and Eastern Europe was greatly limited. At the treaty of Versailles Germany was substantially reduced in size. Austria-Hungary was split up. Rump-Austria, which to a certain extent corresponded to the German-speaking areas of Austria-... | What treaty increased Germanium size? | What treaty increased Germanium size? | [
"What treaty increased Germanium size?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31519 | 5a63f4d77f3c80001a150bc7 | Germans | Following the defeat in World War I, influence of German-speaking elites over Central and Eastern Europe was greatly limited. At the treaty of Versailles Germany was substantially reduced in size. Austria-Hungary was split up. Rump-Austria, which to a certain extent corresponded to the German-speaking areas of Austria-... | During what war did Germans relocate to the Soviet Union? | During what war did Germans relocate to the Soviet Union? | [
"During what war did Germans relocate to the Soviet Union?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31520 | 5a63f4d77f3c80001a150bc8 | Germans | Following the defeat in World War I, influence of German-speaking elites over Central and Eastern Europe was greatly limited. At the treaty of Versailles Germany was substantially reduced in size. Austria-Hungary was split up. Rump-Austria, which to a certain extent corresponded to the German-speaking areas of Austria-... | What country was split among language groups? | What country was split among language groups? | [
"What country was split among language groups?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31521 | 572961806aef051400154dc4 | Germans | For decades after the Second World War, any national symbol or expression was a taboo. However, the Germans are becoming increasingly patriotic. During a study in 2009, in which some 2,000 German citizens age 14 and upwards filled out a questionnaire, nearly 60% of those surveyed agreed with the sentiment "I'm proud to... | What percentage of 14 year olds said they were proud to be German in 2009? | What percentage of 14 year olds said they were proud to be German in 2009? | [
"What percentage of 14 year olds said they were proud to be German in 2009?"
] | {
"text": [
"60"
],
"answer_start": [
259
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31522 | 572961806aef051400154dc5 | Germans | For decades after the Second World War, any national symbol or expression was a taboo. However, the Germans are becoming increasingly patriotic. During a study in 2009, in which some 2,000 German citizens age 14 and upwards filled out a questionnaire, nearly 60% of those surveyed agreed with the sentiment "I'm proud to... | What percentage of 14 year olds in 2009 said they would choose German for their nationality if they got to choose? | What percentage of 14 year olds in 2009 said they would choose German for their nationality if they got to choose? | [
"What percentage of 14 year olds in 2009 said they would choose German for their nationality if they got to choose?"
] | {
"text": [
"78"
],
"answer_start": [
337
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31523 | 572961806aef051400154dc6 | Germans | For decades after the Second World War, any national symbol or expression was a taboo. However, the Germans are becoming increasingly patriotic. During a study in 2009, in which some 2,000 German citizens age 14 and upwards filled out a questionnaire, nearly 60% of those surveyed agreed with the sentiment "I'm proud to... | Where does Eugen Buss work? | Where does Eugen Buss work? | [
"Where does Eugen Buss work?"
] | {
"text": [
"University of Hohenheim"
],
"answer_start": [
666
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31524 | 5a63f5b87f3c80001a150bcd | Germans | For decades after the Second World War, any national symbol or expression was a taboo. However, the Germans are becoming increasingly patriotic. During a study in 2009, in which some 2,000 German citizens age 14 and upwards filled out a questionnaire, nearly 60% of those surveyed agreed with the sentiment "I'm proud to... | What war was followed by an increase in national symbols? | What war was followed by an increase in national symbols? | [
"What war was followed by an increase in national symbols?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31525 | 5a63f5b87f3c80001a150bce | Germans | For decades after the Second World War, any national symbol or expression was a taboo. However, the Germans are becoming increasingly patriotic. During a study in 2009, in which some 2,000 German citizens age 14 and upwards filled out a questionnaire, nearly 60% of those surveyed agreed with the sentiment "I'm proud to... | Among who is patriotism declining? | Among who is patriotism declining? | [
"Among who is patriotism declining?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31526 | 5a63f5b87f3c80001a150bcf | Germans | For decades after the Second World War, any national symbol or expression was a taboo. However, the Germans are becoming increasingly patriotic. During a study in 2009, in which some 2,000 German citizens age 14 and upwards filled out a questionnaire, nearly 60% of those surveyed agreed with the sentiment "I'm proud to... | What sentiment do 78% of Germans agree with? | What sentiment do 78% of Germans agree with? | [
"What sentiment do 78% of Germans agree with?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31527 | 5a63f5b87f3c80001a150bd0 | Germans | For decades after the Second World War, any national symbol or expression was a taboo. However, the Germans are becoming increasingly patriotic. During a study in 2009, in which some 2,000 German citizens age 14 and upwards filled out a questionnaire, nearly 60% of those surveyed agreed with the sentiment "I'm proud to... | Who says Germans are still afraid to be openly proud of their country? | Who says Germans are still afraid to be openly proud of their country? | [
"Who says Germans are still afraid to be openly proud of their country?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31528 | 572962431d04691400779363 | Germans | In the midst of the European sovereign-debt crisis, Radek Sikorski, Poland's Foreign Minister, stated in November 2011, "I will probably be the first Polish foreign minister in history to say so, but here it is: I fear German power less than I am beginning to fear German inactivity. You have become Europe's indispensab... | Who was Poland's foreign minister in 2011? | Who was Poland's foreign minister in 2011? | [
"Who was Poland's foreign minister in 2011?"
] | {
"text": [
"Radek Sikorski"
],
"answer_start": [
52
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31529 | 572962431d04691400779364 | Germans | In the midst of the European sovereign-debt crisis, Radek Sikorski, Poland's Foreign Minister, stated in November 2011, "I will probably be the first Polish foreign minister in history to say so, but here it is: I fear German power less than I am beginning to fear German inactivity. You have become Europe's indispensab... | What are Germans trying to forget? | What are Germans trying to forget? | [
"What are Germans trying to forget?"
] | {
"text": [
"Nazi past"
],
"answer_start": [
1026
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31530 | 572962431d04691400779365 | Germans | In the midst of the European sovereign-debt crisis, Radek Sikorski, Poland's Foreign Minister, stated in November 2011, "I will probably be the first Polish foreign minister in history to say so, but here it is: I fear German power less than I am beginning to fear German inactivity. You have become Europe's indispensab... | What are Germans trying to focus on? | What are Germans trying to focus on? | [
"What are Germans trying to focus on?"
] | {
"text": [
"Prussian history"
],
"answer_start": [
1052
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31531 | 572962431d04691400779366 | Germans | In the midst of the European sovereign-debt crisis, Radek Sikorski, Poland's Foreign Minister, stated in November 2011, "I will probably be the first Polish foreign minister in history to say so, but here it is: I fear German power less than I am beginning to fear German inactivity. You have become Europe's indispensab... | Who is Europe's strongest economy? | Who is Europe's strongest economy? | [
"Who is Europe's strongest economy?"
] | {
"text": [
"Germany"
],
"answer_start": [
1182
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31532 | 5a63f6947f3c80001a150bd5 | Germans | In the midst of the European sovereign-debt crisis, Radek Sikorski, Poland's Foreign Minister, stated in November 2011, "I will probably be the first Polish foreign minister in history to say so, but here it is: I fear German power less than I am beginning to fear German inactivity. You have become Europe's indispensab... | What Polish foreign minister said he feared German power? | What Polish foreign minister said he feared German power? | [
"What Polish foreign minister said he feared German power?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31533 | 5a63f6947f3c80001a150bd6 | Germans | In the midst of the European sovereign-debt crisis, Radek Sikorski, Poland's Foreign Minister, stated in November 2011, "I will probably be the first Polish foreign minister in history to say so, but here it is: I fear German power less than I am beginning to fear German inactivity. You have become Europe's indispensab... | What is Germany trying to remember? | What is Germany trying to remember? | [
"What is Germany trying to remember?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31534 | 5a63f6947f3c80001a150bd7 | Germans | In the midst of the European sovereign-debt crisis, Radek Sikorski, Poland's Foreign Minister, stated in November 2011, "I will probably be the first Polish foreign minister in history to say so, but here it is: I fear German power less than I am beginning to fear German inactivity. You have become Europe's indispensab... | What war do many Germans still remember? | What war do many Germans still remember? | [
"What war do many Germans still remember?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31535 | 5a63f6947f3c80001a150bd8 | Germans | In the midst of the European sovereign-debt crisis, Radek Sikorski, Poland's Foreign Minister, stated in November 2011, "I will probably be the first Polish foreign minister in history to say so, but here it is: I fear German power less than I am beginning to fear German inactivity. You have become Europe's indispensab... | Who says What is good for Germany is bad for the EU? | Who says What is good for Germany is bad for the EU? | [
"Who says What is good for Germany is bad for the EU?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31536 | 570cfb92b3d812140066d37f | Anti-aircraft_warfare | Anti-aircraft warfare or counter-air defence is defined by NATO as "all measures designed to nullify or reduce the effectiveness of hostile air action." They include ground-and air-based weapon systems, associated sensor systems, command and control arrangements and passive measures (e.g. barrage balloons). It may be u... | What is another term for anti-aircraft warfare? | What is another term for anti-aircraft warfare? | [
"What is another term for anti-aircraft warfare?"
] | {
"text": [
"counter-air defence"
],
"answer_start": [
25
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31537 | 570cfb92b3d812140066d380 | Anti-aircraft_warfare | Anti-aircraft warfare or counter-air defence is defined by NATO as "all measures designed to nullify or reduce the effectiveness of hostile air action." They include ground-and air-based weapon systems, associated sensor systems, command and control arrangements and passive measures (e.g. barrage balloons). It may be u... | NATO defines anti-aircraft warfare as measures to reduce what? | NATO defines anti-aircraft warfare as measures to reduce what? | [
"NATO defines anti-aircraft warfare as measures to reduce what?"
] | {
"text": [
"the effectiveness of hostile air action"
],
"answer_start": [
111
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31538 | 570cfb92b3d812140066d381 | Anti-aircraft_warfare | Anti-aircraft warfare or counter-air defence is defined by NATO as "all measures designed to nullify or reduce the effectiveness of hostile air action." They include ground-and air-based weapon systems, associated sensor systems, command and control arrangements and passive measures (e.g. barrage balloons). It may be u... | Barrage balloons are an example of what type of weapons system? | Barrage balloons are an example of what type of weapons system? | [
"Barrage balloons are an example of what type of weapons system?"
] | {
"text": [
"passive measures"
],
"answer_start": [
267
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31539 | 570cfb92b3d812140066d382 | Anti-aircraft_warfare | Anti-aircraft warfare or counter-air defence is defined by NATO as "all measures designed to nullify or reduce the effectiveness of hostile air action." They include ground-and air-based weapon systems, associated sensor systems, command and control arrangements and passive measures (e.g. barrage balloons). It may be u... | What is the primary effort been for most countries when it comes to anti-aircraft warfare? | What is the primary effort been for most countries when it comes to anti-aircraft warfare? | [
"What is the primary effort been for most countries when it comes to anti-aircraft warfare?"
] | {
"text": [
"homeland defence"
],
"answer_start": [
444
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31540 | 570cfb92b3d812140066d383 | Anti-aircraft_warfare | Anti-aircraft warfare or counter-air defence is defined by NATO as "all measures designed to nullify or reduce the effectiveness of hostile air action." They include ground-and air-based weapon systems, associated sensor systems, command and control arrangements and passive measures (e.g. barrage balloons). It may be u... | What does NATO ascribe naval air defence as? | What does NATO ascribe naval air defence as? | [
"What does NATO ascribe naval air defence as?"
] | {
"text": [
"anti-aircraft warfare"
],
"answer_start": [
539
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31541 | 570d118ab3d812140066d3cb | Anti-aircraft_warfare | Non-English terms for air defence include the German Flak (Fliegerabwehrkanone, "aircraft defence cannon", also cited as Flugabwehrkanone), whence English flak, and the Russian term Protivovozdushnaya oborona (Cyrillic: Противовозду́шная оборо́на), a literal translation of "anti-air defence", abbreviated as PVO. In Rus... | What is the Russian term for air defence? | What is the Russian term for air defence? | [
"What is the Russian term for air defence?"
] | {
"text": [
"Protivovozdushnaya oborona"
],
"answer_start": [
182
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31542 | 570d118ab3d812140066d3cc | Anti-aircraft_warfare | Non-English terms for air defence include the German Flak (Fliegerabwehrkanone, "aircraft defence cannon", also cited as Flugabwehrkanone), whence English flak, and the Russian term Protivovozdushnaya oborona (Cyrillic: Противовозду́шная оборо́на), a literal translation of "anti-air defence", abbreviated as PVO. In Rus... | How is the Russian term for air defence abbreviated? | How is the Russian term for air defence abbreviated? | [
"How is the Russian term for air defence abbreviated?"
] | {
"text": [
"PVO"
],
"answer_start": [
309
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31543 | 570d118ab3d812140066d3cd | Anti-aircraft_warfare | Non-English terms for air defence include the German Flak (Fliegerabwehrkanone, "aircraft defence cannon", also cited as Flugabwehrkanone), whence English flak, and the Russian term Protivovozdushnaya oborona (Cyrillic: Противовозду́шная оборо́на), a literal translation of "anti-air defence", abbreviated as PVO. In Rus... | What are the AA systems called in Russian? | What are the AA systems called in Russian? | [
"What are the AA systems called in Russian?"
] | {
"text": [
"zenitnye"
],
"answer_start": [
351
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31544 | 570d118ab3d812140066d3ce | Anti-aircraft_warfare | Non-English terms for air defence include the German Flak (Fliegerabwehrkanone, "aircraft defence cannon", also cited as Flugabwehrkanone), whence English flak, and the Russian term Protivovozdushnaya oborona (Cyrillic: Противовозду́шная оборо́на), a literal translation of "anti-air defence", abbreviated as PVO. In Rus... | What is air defence called in French? | What is air defence called in French? | [
"What is air defence called in French?"
] | {
"text": [
"DCA"
],
"answer_start": [
452
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31545 | 570d118ab3d812140066d3cf | Anti-aircraft_warfare | Non-English terms for air defence include the German Flak (Fliegerabwehrkanone, "aircraft defence cannon", also cited as Flugabwehrkanone), whence English flak, and the Russian term Protivovozdushnaya oborona (Cyrillic: Противовозду́шная оборо́на), a literal translation of "anti-air defence", abbreviated as PVO. In Rus... | What is the generic term for an airplane or rocket in French? | What is the generic term for an airplane or rocket in French? | [
"What is the generic term for an airplane or rocket in French?"
] | {
"text": [
"aéronef"
],
"answer_start": [
487
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31546 | 570d3941fed7b91900d45d47 | Anti-aircraft_warfare | Initially sensors were optical and acoustic devices developed during the First World War and continued into the 1930s, but were quickly superseded by radar, which in turn was supplemented by optronics in the 1980s. Command and control remained primitive until the late 1930s, when Britain created an integrated system fo... | When were sensors initially developed? | When were sensors initially developed? | [
"When were sensors initially developed?"
] | {
"text": [
"during the First World War"
],
"answer_start": [
62
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31547 | 570d3941fed7b91900d45d48 | Anti-aircraft_warfare | Initially sensors were optical and acoustic devices developed during the First World War and continued into the 1930s, but were quickly superseded by radar, which in turn was supplemented by optronics in the 1980s. Command and control remained primitive until the late 1930s, when Britain created an integrated system fo... | Radar was supplemented by what in the 1980s? | Radar was supplemented by what in the 1980s? | [
"Radar was supplemented by what in the 1980s?"
] | {
"text": [
"optronics"
],
"answer_start": [
191
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31548 | 570d3941fed7b91900d45d49 | Anti-aircraft_warfare | Initially sensors were optical and acoustic devices developed during the First World War and continued into the 1930s, but were quickly superseded by radar, which in turn was supplemented by optronics in the 1980s. Command and control remained primitive until the late 1930s, when Britain created an integrated system fo... | What country created an integrated system for ADGB? | What country created an integrated system for ADGB? | [
"What country created an integrated system for ADGB?"
] | {
"text": [
"Britain"
],
"answer_start": [
281
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31549 | 570d3941fed7b91900d45d4a | Anti-aircraft_warfare | Initially sensors were optical and acoustic devices developed during the First World War and continued into the 1930s, but were quickly superseded by radar, which in turn was supplemented by optronics in the 1980s. Command and control remained primitive until the late 1930s, when Britain created an integrated system fo... | What did the integrated system for ADGB link? | What did the integrated system for ADGB link? | [
"What did the integrated system for ADGB link?"
] | {
"text": [
"the ground-based air defence of the army's AA Command"
],
"answer_start": [
339
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31550 | 570d3941fed7b91900d45d4b | Anti-aircraft_warfare | Initially sensors were optical and acoustic devices developed during the First World War and continued into the 1930s, but were quickly superseded by radar, which in turn was supplemented by optronics in the 1980s. Command and control remained primitive until the late 1930s, when Britain created an integrated system fo... | What agency stated that the arrangements were an air defence ground environment? | What agency stated that the arrangements were an air defence ground environment? | [
"What agency stated that the arrangements were an air defence ground environment?"
] | {
"text": [
"NATO"
],
"answer_start": [
473
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31551 | 570d3a3cfed7b91900d45d51 | Anti-aircraft_warfare | The most extreme case was the Soviet Union, and this model may still be followed in some countries: it was a separate service, on a par with the navy or ground force. In the Soviet Union this was called Voyska PVO, and had both fighter aircraft and ground-based systems. This was divided into two arms, PVO Strany, the S... | Which country had the most severe case? | Which country had the most severe case? | [
"Which country had the most severe case?"
] | {
"text": [
"Soviet Union"
],
"answer_start": [
30
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31552 | 570d3a3cfed7b91900d45d52 | Anti-aircraft_warfare | The most extreme case was the Soviet Union, and this model may still be followed in some countries: it was a separate service, on a par with the navy or ground force. In the Soviet Union this was called Voyska PVO, and had both fighter aircraft and ground-based systems. This was divided into two arms, PVO Strany, the S... | This separate service was known as what in the Soviet Union? | This separate service was known as what in the Soviet Union? | [
"This separate service was known as what in the Soviet Union?"
] | {
"text": [
"Voyska PVO"
],
"answer_start": [
203
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31553 | 570d3a3cfed7b91900d45d53 | Anti-aircraft_warfare | The most extreme case was the Soviet Union, and this model may still be followed in some countries: it was a separate service, on a par with the navy or ground force. In the Soviet Union this was called Voyska PVO, and had both fighter aircraft and ground-based systems. This was divided into two arms, PVO Strany, the S... | What two systems did Voyska PVO have? | What two systems did Voyska PVO have? | [
"What two systems did Voyska PVO have?"
] | {
"text": [
"fighter aircraft and ground-based systems"
],
"answer_start": [
228
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31554 | 570d3a3cfed7b91900d45d54 | Anti-aircraft_warfare | The most extreme case was the Soviet Union, and this model may still be followed in some countries: it was a separate service, on a par with the navy or ground force. In the Soviet Union this was called Voyska PVO, and had both fighter aircraft and ground-based systems. This was divided into two arms, PVO Strany, the S... | What year did the PVO Strany become independent? | What year did the PVO Strany become independent? | [
"What year did the PVO Strany become independent?"
] | {
"text": [
"1954"
],
"answer_start": [
449
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31555 | 570d3a3cfed7b91900d45d55 | Anti-aircraft_warfare | The most extreme case was the Soviet Union, and this model may still be followed in some countries: it was a separate service, on a par with the navy or ground force. In the Soviet Union this was called Voyska PVO, and had both fighter aircraft and ground-based systems. This was divided into two arms, PVO Strany, the S... | What was the arm that was the Air Defence of the Ground Forces? | What was the arm that was the Air Defence of the Ground Forces? | [
"What was the arm that was the Air Defence of the Ground Forces?"
] | {
"text": [
"PVO SV"
],
"answer_start": [
459
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31556 | 570d3b05b3d812140066d59b | Anti-aircraft_warfare | On 30 September 1915, troops of the Serbian Army observed three enemy aircraft approaching Kragujevac. Soldiers shot at them with shotguns and machine-guns but failed to prevent them from dropping 45 bombs over the city, hitting military installations, the railway station and many other, mostly civilian, targets in the... | When did Serbian troops notice enemy aircraft approaching Kragujevac? | When did Serbian troops notice enemy aircraft approaching Kragujevac? | [
"When did Serbian troops notice enemy aircraft approaching Kragujevac? "
] | {
"text": [
"30 September 1915"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31557 | 570d3b05b3d812140066d59c | Anti-aircraft_warfare | On 30 September 1915, troops of the Serbian Army observed three enemy aircraft approaching Kragujevac. Soldiers shot at them with shotguns and machine-guns but failed to prevent them from dropping 45 bombs over the city, hitting military installations, the railway station and many other, mostly civilian, targets in the... | How many bombs did the three aircraft drop on the city? | How many bombs did the three aircraft drop on the city? | [
"How many bombs did the three aircraft drop on the city?"
] | {
"text": [
"45"
],
"answer_start": [
197
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31558 | 570d3b05b3d812140066d59d | Anti-aircraft_warfare | On 30 September 1915, troops of the Serbian Army observed three enemy aircraft approaching Kragujevac. Soldiers shot at them with shotguns and machine-guns but failed to prevent them from dropping 45 bombs over the city, hitting military installations, the railway station and many other, mostly civilian, targets in the... | Which private shot down one aircraft with a cannon? | Which private shot down one aircraft with a cannon? | [
"Which private shot down one aircraft with a cannon?"
] | {
"text": [
"Radoje Ljutovac"
],
"answer_start": [
360
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31559 | 570d3b05b3d812140066d59e | Anti-aircraft_warfare | On 30 September 1915, troops of the Serbian Army observed three enemy aircraft approaching Kragujevac. Soldiers shot at them with shotguns and machine-guns but failed to prevent them from dropping 45 bombs over the city, hitting military installations, the railway station and many other, mostly civilian, targets in the... | What happened to the pilots that were in the aircraft shot down? | What happened to the pilots that were in the aircraft shot down? | [
"What happened to the pilots that were in the aircraft shot down?"
] | {
"text": [
"both pilots died"
],
"answer_start": [
474
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31560 | 570d3b05b3d812140066d59f | Anti-aircraft_warfare | On 30 September 1915, troops of the Serbian Army observed three enemy aircraft approaching Kragujevac. Soldiers shot at them with shotguns and machine-guns but failed to prevent them from dropping 45 bombs over the city, hitting military installations, the railway station and many other, mostly civilian, targets in the... | Which war was the cannon used in prior to this event? | Which war was the cannon used in prior to this event? | [
"Which war was the cannon used in prior to this event?"
] | {
"text": [
"First Balkan War in 1912"
],
"answer_start": [
641
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31561 | 570d3c44b3d812140066d5b9 | Anti-aircraft_warfare | AA gunnery was a difficult business. The problem was of successfully aiming a shell to burst close to its target's future position, with various factors affecting the shells' predicted trajectory. This was called deflection gun-laying, 'off-set' angles for range and elevation were set on the gunsight and updated as the... | What was the problem with AA gunnery? | What was the problem with AA gunnery? | [
"What was the problem with AA gunnery?"
] | {
"text": [
"successfully aiming a shell to burst close to its target's future position"
],
"answer_start": [
56
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31562 | 570d3c44b3d812140066d5ba | Anti-aircraft_warfare | AA gunnery was a difficult business. The problem was of successfully aiming a shell to burst close to its target's future position, with various factors affecting the shells' predicted trajectory. This was called deflection gun-laying, 'off-set' angles for range and elevation were set on the gunsight and updated as the... | Different things could affect what with the shell? | Different things could affect what with the shell? | [
"Different things could affect what with the shell?"
] | {
"text": [
"predicted trajectory"
],
"answer_start": [
175
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31563 | 570d3c44b3d812140066d5bb | Anti-aircraft_warfare | AA gunnery was a difficult business. The problem was of successfully aiming a shell to burst close to its target's future position, with various factors affecting the shells' predicted trajectory. This was called deflection gun-laying, 'off-set' angles for range and elevation were set on the gunsight and updated as the... | What was updated on the gunsight as a target moved? | What was updated on the gunsight as a target moved? | [
"What was updated on the gunsight as a target moved?"
] | {
"text": [
"'off-set' angles for range and elevation"
],
"answer_start": [
236
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31564 | 570d3c44b3d812140066d5bc | Anti-aircraft_warfare | AA gunnery was a difficult business. The problem was of successfully aiming a shell to burst close to its target's future position, with various factors affecting the shells' predicted trajectory. This was called deflection gun-laying, 'off-set' angles for range and elevation were set on the gunsight and updated as the... | Where was the barrel pointed when the sights were on a target? | Where was the barrel pointed when the sights were on a target? | [
"Where was the barrel pointed when the sights were on a target?"
] | {
"text": [
"the target's future position"
],
"answer_start": [
414
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31565 | 570d3c44b3d812140066d5bd | Anti-aircraft_warfare | AA gunnery was a difficult business. The problem was of successfully aiming a shell to burst close to its target's future position, with various factors affecting the shells' predicted trajectory. This was called deflection gun-laying, 'off-set' angles for range and elevation were set on the gunsight and updated as the... | What two things figured the fuse length? | What two things figured the fuse length? | [
"What two things figured the fuse length?"
] | {
"text": [
"Range and height of the target"
],
"answer_start": [
444
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31566 | 570d3e82fed7b91900d45d83 | Anti-aircraft_warfare | World War I demonstrated that aircraft could be an important part of the battlefield, but in some nations it was the prospect of strategic air attack that was the main issue, presenting both a threat and an opportunity. The experience of four years of air attacks on London by Zeppelins and Gotha G.V bombers had particu... | What showed that aircraft could be a significant contribution to the battlefield? | What showed that aircraft could be a significant contribution to the battlefield? | [
"What showed that aircraft could be a significant contribution to the battlefield?"
] | {
"text": [
"World War I"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31567 | 570d3e82fed7b91900d45d84 | Anti-aircraft_warfare | World War I demonstrated that aircraft could be an important part of the battlefield, but in some nations it was the prospect of strategic air attack that was the main issue, presenting both a threat and an opportunity. The experience of four years of air attacks on London by Zeppelins and Gotha G.V bombers had particu... | In addition to Zeppelins, what attacked London for four years with air attacks? | In addition to Zeppelins, what attacked London for four years with air attacks? | [
"In addition to Zeppelins, what attacked London for four years with air attacks?"
] | {
"text": [
"Gotha G.V bombers"
],
"answer_start": [
291
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31568 | 570d3e82fed7b91900d45d85 | Anti-aircraft_warfare | World War I demonstrated that aircraft could be an important part of the battlefield, but in some nations it was the prospect of strategic air attack that was the main issue, presenting both a threat and an opportunity. The experience of four years of air attacks on London by Zeppelins and Gotha G.V bombers had particu... | The four year air attack was instrumental in Britain forming what? | The four year air attack was instrumental in Britain forming what? | [
"The four year air attack was instrumental in Britain forming what?"
] | {
"text": [
"an independent air force"
],
"answer_start": [
399
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31569 | 570d3e82fed7b91900d45d86 | Anti-aircraft_warfare | World War I demonstrated that aircraft could be an important part of the battlefield, but in some nations it was the prospect of strategic air attack that was the main issue, presenting both a threat and an opportunity. The experience of four years of air attacks on London by Zeppelins and Gotha G.V bombers had particu... | The future of aircraft in war situations was important because of the growth in what two areas? | The future of aircraft in war situations was important because of the growth in what two areas? | [
"The future of aircraft in war situations was important because of the growth in what two areas?"
] | {
"text": [
"their range and weapon load"
],
"answer_start": [
558
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31570 | 570d3e82fed7b91900d45d87 | Anti-aircraft_warfare | World War I demonstrated that aircraft could be an important part of the battlefield, but in some nations it was the prospect of strategic air attack that was the main issue, presenting both a threat and an opportunity. The experience of four years of air attacks on London by Zeppelins and Gotha G.V bombers had particu... | Where were most of the nations who had the strongest military after World War I? | Where were most of the nations who had the strongest military after World War I? | [
"Where were most of the nations who had the strongest military after World War I?"
] | {
"text": [
"Europe"
],
"answer_start": [
709
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31571 | 570d3f2ffed7b91900d45d95 | Anti-aircraft_warfare | From the early 1930s eight countries developed radar, these developments were sufficiently advanced by the late 1930s for development work on sound locating acoustic devices to be generally halted, although equipment was retained. Furthermore, in Britain the volunteer Observer Corps formed in 1925 provided a network of... | How many different countries developed radar starting in the 1930s? | How many different countries developed radar starting in the 1930s? | [
"How many different countries developed radar starting in the 1930s?"
] | {
"text": [
"eight"
],
"answer_start": [
21
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31572 | 570d3f2ffed7b91900d45d96 | Anti-aircraft_warfare | From the early 1930s eight countries developed radar, these developments were sufficiently advanced by the late 1930s for development work on sound locating acoustic devices to be generally halted, although equipment was retained. Furthermore, in Britain the volunteer Observer Corps formed in 1925 provided a network of... | Where was the Observer Corps based? | Where was the Observer Corps based? | [
"Where was the Observer Corps based?"
] | {
"text": [
"Britain"
],
"answer_start": [
247
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31573 | 570d3f2ffed7b91900d45d97 | Anti-aircraft_warfare | From the early 1930s eight countries developed radar, these developments were sufficiently advanced by the late 1930s for development work on sound locating acoustic devices to be generally halted, although equipment was retained. Furthermore, in Britain the volunteer Observer Corps formed in 1925 provided a network of... | When was the Observer Corps formed? | When was the Observer Corps formed? | [
"When was the Observer Corps formed?"
] | {
"text": [
"1925"
],
"answer_start": [
294
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31574 | 570d3f2ffed7b91900d45d98 | Anti-aircraft_warfare | From the early 1930s eight countries developed radar, these developments were sufficiently advanced by the late 1930s for development work on sound locating acoustic devices to be generally halted, although equipment was retained. Furthermore, in Britain the volunteer Observer Corps formed in 1925 provided a network of... | What did the Observer Corps observe and report on? | What did the Observer Corps observe and report on? | [
"What did the Observer Corps observe and report on?"
] | {
"text": [
"hostile aircraft flying over Britain"
],
"answer_start": [
349
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31575 | 570d3f2ffed7b91900d45d99 | Anti-aircraft_warfare | From the early 1930s eight countries developed radar, these developments were sufficiently advanced by the late 1930s for development work on sound locating acoustic devices to be generally halted, although equipment was retained. Furthermore, in Britain the volunteer Observer Corps formed in 1925 provided a network of... | What was originally used to see hostile aircraft approaching? | What was originally used to see hostile aircraft approaching? | [
"What was originally used to see hostile aircraft approaching?"
] | {
"text": [
"radar"
],
"answer_start": [
397
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31576 | 570d4027b3d812140066d5e9 | Anti-aircraft_warfare | Until this time the British, at RAF insistence, continued their World War I use of machine guns, and introduced twin MG mountings for AAAD. The army was forbidden from considering anything larger than .50-inch. However, in 1935 their trials showed that the minimum effective round was an impact fused 2 lb HE shell. The ... | Who wanted the British to keep using machine guns in World War I? | Who wanted the British to keep using machine guns in World War I? | [
"Who wanted the British to keep using machine guns in World War I?"
] | {
"text": [
"RAF"
],
"answer_start": [
32
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31577 | 570d4027b3d812140066d5ea | Anti-aircraft_warfare | Until this time the British, at RAF insistence, continued their World War I use of machine guns, and introduced twin MG mountings for AAAD. The army was forbidden from considering anything larger than .50-inch. However, in 1935 their trials showed that the minimum effective round was an impact fused 2 lb HE shell. The ... | The military was not allowed to use anything that was bigger than what? | The military was not allowed to use anything that was bigger than what? | [
"The military was not allowed to use anything that was bigger than what?"
] | {
"text": [
".50-inch"
],
"answer_start": [
201
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31578 | 570d4027b3d812140066d5eb | Anti-aircraft_warfare | Until this time the British, at RAF insistence, continued their World War I use of machine guns, and introduced twin MG mountings for AAAD. The army was forbidden from considering anything larger than .50-inch. However, in 1935 their trials showed that the minimum effective round was an impact fused 2 lb HE shell. The ... | What was determined to be the smallest effective round in 1935? | What was determined to be the smallest effective round in 1935? | [
"What was determined to be the smallest effective round in 1935?"
] | {
"text": [
"an impact fused 2 lb HE shell"
],
"answer_start": [
285
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31579 | 570d4027b3d812140066d5ec | Anti-aircraft_warfare | Until this time the British, at RAF insistence, continued their World War I use of machine guns, and introduced twin MG mountings for AAAD. The army was forbidden from considering anything larger than .50-inch. However, in 1935 their trials showed that the minimum effective round was an impact fused 2 lb HE shell. The ... | What was lighter than the water-cooled pom-pom? | What was lighter than the water-cooled pom-pom? | [
"What was lighter than the water-cooled pom-pom?"
] | {
"text": [
"The air-cooled Bofors"
],
"answer_start": [
441
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31580 | 570d4027b3d812140066d5ed | Anti-aircraft_warfare | Until this time the British, at RAF insistence, continued their World War I use of machine guns, and introduced twin MG mountings for AAAD. The army was forbidden from considering anything larger than .50-inch. However, in 1935 their trials showed that the minimum effective round was an impact fused 2 lb HE shell. The ... | What is the Kerrison Predictor's official name? | What is the Kerrison Predictor's official name? | [
"What is the Kerrison Predictor's official name?"
] | {
"text": [
"The Predictor AA No 3"
],
"answer_start": [
599
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31581 | 570d410afed7b91900d45db3 | Anti-aircraft_warfare | During the 1930s solid fuel rockets were under development in the Soviet Union and Britain. In Britain the interest was for anti-aircraft fire, it quickly became clear that guidance would be required for precision. However, rockets, or 'unrotated projectiles' as they were called could the used for anti-aircraft barrage... | What was under development in both the Soviet Union and Britain in the 1930s? | What was under development in both the Soviet Union and Britain in the 1930s? | [
"What was under development in both the Soviet Union and Britain in the 1930s?"
] | {
"text": [
"solid fuel rockets"
],
"answer_start": [
17
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31582 | 570d410afed7b91900d45db4 | Anti-aircraft_warfare | During the 1930s solid fuel rockets were under development in the Soviet Union and Britain. In Britain the interest was for anti-aircraft fire, it quickly became clear that guidance would be required for precision. However, rockets, or 'unrotated projectiles' as they were called could the used for anti-aircraft barrage... | Why was Britain mainly interested in solid fuel rockets? | Why was Britain mainly interested in solid fuel rockets? | [
"Why was Britain mainly interested in solid fuel rockets?"
] | {
"text": [
"for anti-aircraft fire"
],
"answer_start": [
120
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31583 | 570d410afed7b91900d45db5 | Anti-aircraft_warfare | During the 1930s solid fuel rockets were under development in the Soviet Union and Britain. In Britain the interest was for anti-aircraft fire, it quickly became clear that guidance would be required for precision. However, rockets, or 'unrotated projectiles' as they were called could the used for anti-aircraft barrage... | What were rockets called at this time? | What were rockets called at this time? | [
"What were rockets called at this time?"
] | {
"text": [
"unrotated projectiles"
],
"answer_start": [
237
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31584 | 570d410afed7b91900d45db6 | Anti-aircraft_warfare | During the 1930s solid fuel rockets were under development in the Soviet Union and Britain. In Britain the interest was for anti-aircraft fire, it quickly became clear that guidance would be required for precision. However, rockets, or 'unrotated projectiles' as they were called could the used for anti-aircraft barrage... | How big was the rocket that was introduced to handle dive bombing attacks? | How big was the rocket that was introduced to handle dive bombing attacks? | [
"How big was the rocket that was introduced to handle dive bombing attacks?"
] | {
"text": [
"2-inch"
],
"answer_start": [
325
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31585 | 570d410afed7b91900d45db7 | Anti-aircraft_warfare | During the 1930s solid fuel rockets were under development in the Soviet Union and Britain. In Britain the interest was for anti-aircraft fire, it quickly became clear that guidance would be required for precision. However, rockets, or 'unrotated projectiles' as they were called could the used for anti-aircraft barrage... | What size rocket was being developed at the end of the war? | What size rocket was being developed at the end of the war? | [
"What size rocket was being developed at the end of the war?"
] | {
"text": [
"3-inch"
],
"answer_start": [
484
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31586 | 570d43f9fed7b91900d45deb | Anti-aircraft_warfare | The British had already arranged licence building of the Bofors 40 mm, and introduced these into service. These had the power to knock down aircraft of any size, yet were light enough to be mobile and easily swung. The gun became so important to the British war effort that they even produced a movie, The Gun, that enco... | What did the British get a license to build? | What did the British get a license to build? | [
"What did the British get a license to build?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Bofors 40 mm"
],
"answer_start": [
53
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31587 | 570d43f9fed7b91900d45dec | Anti-aircraft_warfare | The British had already arranged licence building of the Bofors 40 mm, and introduced these into service. These had the power to knock down aircraft of any size, yet were light enough to be mobile and easily swung. The gun became so important to the British war effort that they even produced a movie, The Gun, that enco... | While light, the Bofors 40mm were powerful enough to take down what size aircraft? | While light, the Bofors 40mm were powerful enough to take down what size aircraft? | [
"While light, the Bofors 40mm were powerful enough to take down what size aircraft?"
] | {
"text": [
"aircraft of any size"
],
"answer_start": [
140
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31588 | 570d43f9fed7b91900d45ded | Anti-aircraft_warfare | The British had already arranged licence building of the Bofors 40 mm, and introduced these into service. These had the power to knock down aircraft of any size, yet were light enough to be mobile and easily swung. The gun became so important to the British war effort that they even produced a movie, The Gun, that enco... | What was produced to inspire people on the assembly line to work harder? | What was produced to inspire people on the assembly line to work harder? | [
"What was produced to inspire people on the assembly line to work harder?"
] | {
"text": [
"a movie"
],
"answer_start": [
293
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31589 | 570d43f9fed7b91900d45dee | Anti-aircraft_warfare | The British had already arranged licence building of the Bofors 40 mm, and introduced these into service. These had the power to knock down aircraft of any size, yet were light enough to be mobile and easily swung. The gun became so important to the British war effort that they even produced a movie, The Gun, that enco... | What was the movie made to inspire assembly line workers called? | What was the movie made to inspire assembly line workers called? | [
"What was the movie made to inspire assembly line workers called?"
] | {
"text": [
"The Gun"
],
"answer_start": [
302
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31590 | 570d43f9fed7b91900d45def | Anti-aircraft_warfare | The British had already arranged licence building of the Bofors 40 mm, and introduced these into service. These had the power to knock down aircraft of any size, yet were light enough to be mobile and easily swung. The gun became so important to the British war effort that they even produced a movie, The Gun, that enco... | Who started making an unlicensed version of the 40mm at the beginning of the war? | Who started making an unlicensed version of the 40mm at the beginning of the war? | [
"Who started making an unlicensed version of the 40mm at the beginning of the war?"
] | {
"text": [
"Americans"
],
"answer_start": [
464
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31591 | 570d4501b3d812140066d607 | Anti-aircraft_warfare | The interceptor aircraft (or simply interceptor) is a type of fighter aircraft designed specifically to intercept and destroy enemy aircraft, particularly bombers, usually relying on high speed and altitude capabilities. A number of jet interceptors such as the F-102 Delta Dagger, the F-106 Delta Dart, and the MiG-25 w... | What kind of aircraft is used to intercept and destroy other aircraft? | What kind of aircraft is used to intercept and destroy other aircraft? | [
"What kind of aircraft is used to intercept and destroy other aircraft?"
] | {
"text": [
"The interceptor aircraft"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31592 | 570d4501b3d812140066d608 | Anti-aircraft_warfare | The interceptor aircraft (or simply interceptor) is a type of fighter aircraft designed specifically to intercept and destroy enemy aircraft, particularly bombers, usually relying on high speed and altitude capabilities. A number of jet interceptors such as the F-102 Delta Dagger, the F-106 Delta Dart, and the MiG-25 w... | What particular aircraft did the interceptor target most? | What particular aircraft did the interceptor target most? | [
"What particular aircraft did the interceptor target most?"
] | {
"text": [
"bombers"
],
"answer_start": [
155
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31593 | 570d4501b3d812140066d609 | Anti-aircraft_warfare | The interceptor aircraft (or simply interceptor) is a type of fighter aircraft designed specifically to intercept and destroy enemy aircraft, particularly bombers, usually relying on high speed and altitude capabilities. A number of jet interceptors such as the F-102 Delta Dagger, the F-106 Delta Dart, and the MiG-25 w... | When were interceptors like the F-102 Delta Dagger first built? | When were interceptors like the F-102 Delta Dagger first built? | [
"When were interceptors like the F-102 Delta Dagger first built?"
] | {
"text": [
"after the end of World War II"
],
"answer_start": [
353
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31594 | 570d4501b3d812140066d60a | Anti-aircraft_warfare | The interceptor aircraft (or simply interceptor) is a type of fighter aircraft designed specifically to intercept and destroy enemy aircraft, particularly bombers, usually relying on high speed and altitude capabilities. A number of jet interceptors such as the F-102 Delta Dagger, the F-106 Delta Dart, and the MiG-25 w... | When were interceptors like the F-106 Delta Dart not being built anymore? | When were interceptors like the F-106 Delta Dart not being built anymore? | [
"When were interceptors like the F-106 Delta Dart not being built anymore?"
] | {
"text": [
"the late 1960s"
],
"answer_start": [
397
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31595 | 570d4501b3d812140066d60b | Anti-aircraft_warfare | The interceptor aircraft (or simply interceptor) is a type of fighter aircraft designed specifically to intercept and destroy enemy aircraft, particularly bombers, usually relying on high speed and altitude capabilities. A number of jet interceptors such as the F-102 Delta Dagger, the F-106 Delta Dart, and the MiG-25 w... | The interceptors were no longer built because of the shift of the bombing role to what? | The interceptors were no longer built because of the shift of the bombing role to what? | [
"The interceptors were no longer built because of the shift of the bombing role to what?"
] | {
"text": [
"ICBMs"
],
"answer_start": [
498
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31596 | 570d4bd6b3d812140066d64f | Anti-aircraft_warfare | Another potential weapon system for anti-aircraft use is the laser. Although air planners have imagined lasers in combat since the late 1960s, only the most modern laser systems are currently reaching what could be considered "experimental usefulness". In particular the Tactical High Energy Laser can be used in the ant... | What is another possible weapon for anti-aircraft use? | What is another possible weapon for anti-aircraft use? | [
"What is another possible weapon for anti-aircraft use?"
] | {
"text": [
"the laser"
],
"answer_start": [
57
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31597 | 570d4bd6b3d812140066d650 | Anti-aircraft_warfare | Another potential weapon system for anti-aircraft use is the laser. Although air planners have imagined lasers in combat since the late 1960s, only the most modern laser systems are currently reaching what could be considered "experimental usefulness". In particular the Tactical High Energy Laser can be used in the ant... | When did personnel first start thinking about using lasers in combat? | When did personnel first start thinking about using lasers in combat? | [
"When did personnel first start thinking about using lasers in combat?"
] | {
"text": [
"the late 1960s"
],
"answer_start": [
127
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31598 | 570d4bd6b3d812140066d651 | Anti-aircraft_warfare | Another potential weapon system for anti-aircraft use is the laser. Although air planners have imagined lasers in combat since the late 1960s, only the most modern laser systems are currently reaching what could be considered "experimental usefulness". In particular the Tactical High Energy Laser can be used in the ant... | What laser can currently be used in the type of role that was first thought of in the late 1960s? | What laser can currently be used in the type of role that was first thought of in the late 1960s? | [
"What laser can currently be used in the type of role that was first thought of in the late 1960s?"
] | {
"text": [
"Tactical High Energy Laser"
],
"answer_start": [
271
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31599 | 570d4bd6b3d812140066d652 | Anti-aircraft_warfare | Another potential weapon system for anti-aircraft use is the laser. Although air planners have imagined lasers in combat since the late 1960s, only the most modern laser systems are currently reaching what could be considered "experimental usefulness". In particular the Tactical High Energy Laser can be used in the ant... | The use of lasers in anti-aircraft warfare is currently considered what? | The use of lasers in anti-aircraft warfare is currently considered what? | [
"The use of lasers in anti-aircraft warfare is currently considered what?"
] | {
"text": [
"experimental usefulness"
],
"answer_start": [
227
]
} |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.