gem_id stringlengths 20 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringlengths 3 59 | context stringlengths 151 3.71k | question stringlengths 1 270 | target stringlengths 1 270 | references list | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-6200 | 5ad02bb777cf76001a686c90 | Late_Middle_Ages | The main representatives of the new style, often referred to as ars nova as opposed to the ars antiqua, were the composers Philippe de Vitry and Guillaume de Machaut. In Italy, where the Provençal troubadours had also found refuge, the corresponding period goes under the name of trecento, and the leading composers were Giovanni da Cascia, Jacopo da Bologna and Francesco Landini. Prominent reformer of Orthodox Church music from the first half of 14th century was John Kukuzelis; he also introduced a system of notation widely used in the Balkans in the following centuries. | Who introduced a system of nonmusical notation used in the Balkans in the 14th century? | Who introduced a system of nonmusical notation used in the Balkans in the 14th century? | [
"Who introduced a system of nonmusical notation used in the Balkans in the 14th century?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6201 | 5ad02bb777cf76001a686c91 | Late_Middle_Ages | The main representatives of the new style, often referred to as ars nova as opposed to the ars antiqua, were the composers Philippe de Vitry and Guillaume de Machaut. In Italy, where the Provençal troubadours had also found refuge, the corresponding period goes under the name of trecento, and the leading composers were Giovanni da Cascia, Jacopo da Bologna and Francesco Landini. Prominent reformer of Orthodox Church music from the first half of 14th century was John Kukuzelis; he also introduced a system of notation widely used in the Balkans in the following centuries. | What was the name of the old musical style introduced in the Late Middle Ages? | What was the name of the old musical style introduced in the Late Middle Ages? | [
"What was the name of the old musical style introduced in the Late Middle Ages?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6202 | 5ad02bb777cf76001a686c92 | Late_Middle_Ages | The main representatives of the new style, often referred to as ars nova as opposed to the ars antiqua, were the composers Philippe de Vitry and Guillaume de Machaut. In Italy, where the Provençal troubadours had also found refuge, the corresponding period goes under the name of trecento, and the leading composers were Giovanni da Cascia, Jacopo da Bologna and Francesco Landini. Prominent reformer of Orthodox Church music from the first half of 14th century was John Kukuzelis; he also introduced a system of notation widely used in the Balkans in the following centuries. | Which musical style did ars nova replace in the 13th century? | Which musical style did ars nova replace in the 13th century? | [
"Which musical style did ars nova replace in the 13th century?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6203 | 5ad02bb777cf76001a686c93 | Late_Middle_Ages | The main representatives of the new style, often referred to as ars nova as opposed to the ars antiqua, were the composers Philippe de Vitry and Guillaume de Machaut. In Italy, where the Provençal troubadours had also found refuge, the corresponding period goes under the name of trecento, and the leading composers were Giovanni da Cascia, Jacopo da Bologna and Francesco Landini. Prominent reformer of Orthodox Church music from the first half of 14th century was John Kukuzelis; he also introduced a system of notation widely used in the Balkans in the following centuries. | Who were the nonleading composers of the trecento period? | Who were the nonleading composers of the trecento period? | [
"Who were the nonleading composers of the trecento period?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6204 | 5ad02bb777cf76001a686c94 | Late_Middle_Ages | The main representatives of the new style, often referred to as ars nova as opposed to the ars antiqua, were the composers Philippe de Vitry and Guillaume de Machaut. In Italy, where the Provençal troubadours had also found refuge, the corresponding period goes under the name of trecento, and the leading composers were Giovanni da Cascia, Jacopo da Bologna and Francesco Landini. Prominent reformer of Orthodox Church music from the first half of 14th century was John Kukuzelis; he also introduced a system of notation widely used in the Balkans in the following centuries. | Kukuzelis kept the music of which religion? | Kukuzelis kept the music of which religion? | [
"Kukuzelis kept the music of which religion?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6205 | 57276a74dd62a815002e9c80 | Late_Middle_Ages | Morality plays emerged as a distinct dramatic form around 1400 and flourished until 1550. The most interesting morality play is The Castle of Perseverance which depicts mankind's progress from birth to death. However, the most famous morality play and perhaps best known medieval drama is Everyman. Everyman receives Death's summons, struggles to escape and finally resigns himself to necessity. Along the way, he is deserted by Kindred, Goods, and Fellowship - only Good Deeds goes with him to the grave. | What is the most famous morality play from the medieval period? | What is the most famous morality play from the medieval period? | [
"What is the most famous morality play from the medieval period?"
] | {
"text": [
"Everyman"
],
"answer_start": [
289
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6206 | 57276a74dd62a815002e9c81 | Late_Middle_Ages | Morality plays emerged as a distinct dramatic form around 1400 and flourished until 1550. The most interesting morality play is The Castle of Perseverance which depicts mankind's progress from birth to death. However, the most famous morality play and perhaps best known medieval drama is Everyman. Everyman receives Death's summons, struggles to escape and finally resigns himself to necessity. Along the way, he is deserted by Kindred, Goods, and Fellowship - only Good Deeds goes with him to the grave. | Which dramatic form was created around 1400? | Which dramatic form was created around 1400? | [
"Which dramatic form was created around 1400?"
] | {
"text": [
"Morality plays"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6207 | 57276a74dd62a815002e9c82 | Late_Middle_Ages | Morality plays emerged as a distinct dramatic form around 1400 and flourished until 1550. The most interesting morality play is The Castle of Perseverance which depicts mankind's progress from birth to death. However, the most famous morality play and perhaps best known medieval drama is Everyman. Everyman receives Death's summons, struggles to escape and finally resigns himself to necessity. Along the way, he is deserted by Kindred, Goods, and Fellowship - only Good Deeds goes with him to the grave. | What goes to the grave with Everyman in the morality play? | What goes to the grave with Everyman in the morality play? | [
"What goes to the grave with Everyman in the morality play?"
] | {
"text": [
"Good Deeds"
],
"answer_start": [
467
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6208 | 57276a74dd62a815002e9c83 | Late_Middle_Ages | Morality plays emerged as a distinct dramatic form around 1400 and flourished until 1550. The most interesting morality play is The Castle of Perseverance which depicts mankind's progress from birth to death. However, the most famous morality play and perhaps best known medieval drama is Everyman. Everyman receives Death's summons, struggles to escape and finally resigns himself to necessity. Along the way, he is deserted by Kindred, Goods, and Fellowship - only Good Deeds goes with him to the grave. | Which morality play depicted mankind's progress from birth to death? | Which morality play depicted mankind's progress from birth to death? | [
"Which morality play depicted mankind's progress from birth to death?"
] | {
"text": [
"The Castle of Perseverance"
],
"answer_start": [
128
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6209 | 57276a74dd62a815002e9c84 | Late_Middle_Ages | Morality plays emerged as a distinct dramatic form around 1400 and flourished until 1550. The most interesting morality play is The Castle of Perseverance which depicts mankind's progress from birth to death. However, the most famous morality play and perhaps best known medieval drama is Everyman. Everyman receives Death's summons, struggles to escape and finally resigns himself to necessity. Along the way, he is deserted by Kindred, Goods, and Fellowship - only Good Deeds goes with him to the grave. | In the morality play, who summoned Everyman? | In the morality play, who summoned Everyman? | [
"In the morality play, who summoned Everyman?"
] | {
"text": [
"Death"
],
"answer_start": [
317
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6210 | 5ad02c8777cf76001a686cb4 | Late_Middle_Ages | Morality plays emerged as a distinct dramatic form around 1400 and flourished until 1550. The most interesting morality play is The Castle of Perseverance which depicts mankind's progress from birth to death. However, the most famous morality play and perhaps best known medieval drama is Everyman. Everyman receives Death's summons, struggles to escape and finally resigns himself to necessity. Along the way, he is deserted by Kindred, Goods, and Fellowship - only Good Deeds goes with him to the grave. | What is the least famous morality play from the medieval period? | What is the least famous morality play from the medieval period? | [
"What is the least famous morality play from the medieval period?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6211 | 5ad02c8777cf76001a686cb5 | Late_Middle_Ages | Morality plays emerged as a distinct dramatic form around 1400 and flourished until 1550. The most interesting morality play is The Castle of Perseverance which depicts mankind's progress from birth to death. However, the most famous morality play and perhaps best known medieval drama is Everyman. Everyman receives Death's summons, struggles to escape and finally resigns himself to necessity. Along the way, he is deserted by Kindred, Goods, and Fellowship - only Good Deeds goes with him to the grave. | Which dramatic form was created around 1300? | Which dramatic form was created around 1300? | [
"Which dramatic form was created around 1300?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6212 | 5ad02c8777cf76001a686cb6 | Late_Middle_Ages | Morality plays emerged as a distinct dramatic form around 1400 and flourished until 1550. The most interesting morality play is The Castle of Perseverance which depicts mankind's progress from birth to death. However, the most famous morality play and perhaps best known medieval drama is Everyman. Everyman receives Death's summons, struggles to escape and finally resigns himself to necessity. Along the way, he is deserted by Kindred, Goods, and Fellowship - only Good Deeds goes with him to the grave. | What goes to the store with Everyman in the morality play? | What goes to the store with Everyman in the morality play? | [
"What goes to the store with Everyman in the morality play?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6213 | 5ad02c8777cf76001a686cb7 | Late_Middle_Ages | Morality plays emerged as a distinct dramatic form around 1400 and flourished until 1550. The most interesting morality play is The Castle of Perseverance which depicts mankind's progress from birth to death. However, the most famous morality play and perhaps best known medieval drama is Everyman. Everyman receives Death's summons, struggles to escape and finally resigns himself to necessity. Along the way, he is deserted by Kindred, Goods, and Fellowship - only Good Deeds goes with him to the grave. | Which morality play depicted mankind's progress from birth to mid-life? | Which morality play depicted mankind's progress from birth to mid-life? | [
"Which morality play depicted mankind's progress from birth to mid-life?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6214 | 5ad02c8777cf76001a686cb8 | Late_Middle_Ages | Morality plays emerged as a distinct dramatic form around 1400 and flourished until 1550. The most interesting morality play is The Castle of Perseverance which depicts mankind's progress from birth to death. However, the most famous morality play and perhaps best known medieval drama is Everyman. Everyman receives Death's summons, struggles to escape and finally resigns himself to necessity. Along the way, he is deserted by Kindred, Goods, and Fellowship - only Good Deeds goes with him to the grave. | In the morality play, who never summoned Everyman? | In the morality play, who never summoned Everyman? | [
"In the morality play, who never summoned Everyman?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6215 | 57276c8df1498d1400e8f7ba | Late_Middle_Ages | At the end of the Late Middle Ages, professional actors began to appear in England and Europe. Richard III and Henry VII both maintained small companies of professional actors. Their plays were performed in the Great Hall of a nobleman's residence, often with a raised platform at one end for the audience and a "screen" at the other for the actors. Also important were Mummers' plays, performed during the Christmas season, and court masques. These masques were especially popular during the reign of Henry VIII who had a House of Revels built and an Office of Revels established in 1545. | Which Late Middle Age English kings kept their own troupes of professional actors? | Which Late Middle Age English kings kept their own troupes of professional actors? | [
"Which Late Middle Age English kings kept their own troupes of professional actors?"
] | {
"text": [
"Richard III and Henry VII"
],
"answer_start": [
95
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6216 | 57276c8df1498d1400e8f7bb | Late_Middle_Ages | At the end of the Late Middle Ages, professional actors began to appear in England and Europe. Richard III and Henry VII both maintained small companies of professional actors. Their plays were performed in the Great Hall of a nobleman's residence, often with a raised platform at one end for the audience and a "screen" at the other for the actors. Also important were Mummers' plays, performed during the Christmas season, and court masques. These masques were especially popular during the reign of Henry VIII who had a House of Revels built and an Office of Revels established in 1545. | Who performed the seasonal Christmas plays? | Who performed the seasonal Christmas plays? | [
"Who performed the seasonal Christmas plays?"
] | {
"text": [
"Mummers"
],
"answer_start": [
370
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6217 | 57276c8df1498d1400e8f7bc | Late_Middle_Ages | At the end of the Late Middle Ages, professional actors began to appear in England and Europe. Richard III and Henry VII both maintained small companies of professional actors. Their plays were performed in the Great Hall of a nobleman's residence, often with a raised platform at one end for the audience and a "screen" at the other for the actors. Also important were Mummers' plays, performed during the Christmas season, and court masques. These masques were especially popular during the reign of Henry VIII who had a House of Revels built and an Office of Revels established in 1545. | In what year did Henry VIII establish an Office of Revels? | In what year did Henry VIII establish an Office of Revels? | [
"In what year did Henry VIII establish an Office of Revels?"
] | {
"text": [
"1545"
],
"answer_start": [
584
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6218 | 57276c8df1498d1400e8f7bd | Late_Middle_Ages | At the end of the Late Middle Ages, professional actors began to appear in England and Europe. Richard III and Henry VII both maintained small companies of professional actors. Their plays were performed in the Great Hall of a nobleman's residence, often with a raised platform at one end for the audience and a "screen" at the other for the actors. Also important were Mummers' plays, performed during the Christmas season, and court masques. These masques were especially popular during the reign of Henry VIII who had a House of Revels built and an Office of Revels established in 1545. | What did Henry VIII build in 1545 for the benefit of the theatrical arts? | What did Henry VIII build in 1545 for the benefit of the theatrical arts? | [
"What did Henry VIII build in 1545 for the benefit of the theatrical arts?"
] | {
"text": [
"House of Revels"
],
"answer_start": [
523
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6219 | 57276c8df1498d1400e8f7be | Late_Middle_Ages | At the end of the Late Middle Ages, professional actors began to appear in England and Europe. Richard III and Henry VII both maintained small companies of professional actors. Their plays were performed in the Great Hall of a nobleman's residence, often with a raised platform at one end for the audience and a "screen" at the other for the actors. Also important were Mummers' plays, performed during the Christmas season, and court masques. These masques were especially popular during the reign of Henry VIII who had a House of Revels built and an Office of Revels established in 1545. | In what part of a nobleman's house were plays performed? | In what part of a nobleman's house were plays performed? | [
"In what part of a nobleman's house were plays performed?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Great Hall"
],
"answer_start": [
207
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6220 | 5ad02ce877cf76001a686cce | Late_Middle_Ages | At the end of the Late Middle Ages, professional actors began to appear in England and Europe. Richard III and Henry VII both maintained small companies of professional actors. Their plays were performed in the Great Hall of a nobleman's residence, often with a raised platform at one end for the audience and a "screen" at the other for the actors. Also important were Mummers' plays, performed during the Christmas season, and court masques. These masques were especially popular during the reign of Henry VIII who had a House of Revels built and an Office of Revels established in 1545. | Which Early Middle Age English kings kept their own troupes of professional actors? | Which Early Middle Age English kings kept their own troupes of professional actors? | [
"Which Early Middle Age English kings kept their own troupes of professional actors?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6221 | 5ad02ce877cf76001a686ccf | Late_Middle_Ages | At the end of the Late Middle Ages, professional actors began to appear in England and Europe. Richard III and Henry VII both maintained small companies of professional actors. Their plays were performed in the Great Hall of a nobleman's residence, often with a raised platform at one end for the audience and a "screen" at the other for the actors. Also important were Mummers' plays, performed during the Christmas season, and court masques. These masques were especially popular during the reign of Henry VIII who had a House of Revels built and an Office of Revels established in 1545. | Who performed the seasonal non-Christmas plays? | Who performed the seasonal non-Christmas plays? | [
"Who performed the seasonal non-Christmas plays?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6222 | 5ad02ce877cf76001a686cd0 | Late_Middle_Ages | At the end of the Late Middle Ages, professional actors began to appear in England and Europe. Richard III and Henry VII both maintained small companies of professional actors. Their plays were performed in the Great Hall of a nobleman's residence, often with a raised platform at one end for the audience and a "screen" at the other for the actors. Also important were Mummers' plays, performed during the Christmas season, and court masques. These masques were especially popular during the reign of Henry VIII who had a House of Revels built and an Office of Revels established in 1545. | In what year did Henry VII establish an Office of Revels? | In what year did Henry VII establish an Office of Revels? | [
"In what year did Henry VII establish an Office of Revels?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6223 | 5ad02ce877cf76001a686cd1 | Late_Middle_Ages | At the end of the Late Middle Ages, professional actors began to appear in England and Europe. Richard III and Henry VII both maintained small companies of professional actors. Their plays were performed in the Great Hall of a nobleman's residence, often with a raised platform at one end for the audience and a "screen" at the other for the actors. Also important were Mummers' plays, performed during the Christmas season, and court masques. These masques were especially popular during the reign of Henry VIII who had a House of Revels built and an Office of Revels established in 1545. | What did Henry VIII build in 1554 for the benefit of the theatrical arts? | What did Henry VIII build in 1554 for the benefit of the theatrical arts? | [
"What did Henry VIII build in 1554 for the benefit of the theatrical arts?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6224 | 5ad02ce877cf76001a686cd2 | Late_Middle_Ages | At the end of the Late Middle Ages, professional actors began to appear in England and Europe. Richard III and Henry VII both maintained small companies of professional actors. Their plays were performed in the Great Hall of a nobleman's residence, often with a raised platform at one end for the audience and a "screen" at the other for the actors. Also important were Mummers' plays, performed during the Christmas season, and court masques. These masques were especially popular during the reign of Henry VIII who had a House of Revels built and an Office of Revels established in 1545. | In what part of a nobleman's house weren't plays performed? | In what part of a nobleman's house weren't plays performed? | [
"In what part of a nobleman's house weren't plays performed?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6225 | 57276daedd62a815002e9cb2 | Late_Middle_Ages | The end of medieval drama came about due to a number of factors, including the weakening power of the Catholic Church, the Protestant Reformation and the banning of religious plays in many countries. Elizabeth I forbid all religious plays in 1558 and the great cycle plays had been silenced by the 1580s. Similarly, religious plays were banned in the Netherlands in 1539, the Papal States in 1547 and in Paris in 1548. The abandonment of these plays destroyed the international theatre that had thereto existed and forced each country to develop its own form of drama. It also allowed dramatists to turn to secular subjects and the reviving interest in Greek and Roman theatre provided them with the perfect opportunity. | What was banned that led to the demise of medieval drama? | What was banned that led to the demise of medieval drama? | [
"What was banned that led to the demise of medieval drama?"
] | {
"text": [
"religious plays"
],
"answer_start": [
165
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6226 | 57276daedd62a815002e9cb3 | Late_Middle_Ages | The end of medieval drama came about due to a number of factors, including the weakening power of the Catholic Church, the Protestant Reformation and the banning of religious plays in many countries. Elizabeth I forbid all religious plays in 1558 and the great cycle plays had been silenced by the 1580s. Similarly, religious plays were banned in the Netherlands in 1539, the Papal States in 1547 and in Paris in 1548. The abandonment of these plays destroyed the international theatre that had thereto existed and forced each country to develop its own form of drama. It also allowed dramatists to turn to secular subjects and the reviving interest in Greek and Roman theatre provided them with the perfect opportunity. | In what year did Elizabeth I ban religious plays? | In what year did Elizabeth I ban religious plays? | [
"In what year did Elizabeth I ban religious plays?"
] | {
"text": [
"1558"
],
"answer_start": [
242
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6227 | 57276daedd62a815002e9cb4 | Late_Middle_Ages | The end of medieval drama came about due to a number of factors, including the weakening power of the Catholic Church, the Protestant Reformation and the banning of religious plays in many countries. Elizabeth I forbid all religious plays in 1558 and the great cycle plays had been silenced by the 1580s. Similarly, religious plays were banned in the Netherlands in 1539, the Papal States in 1547 and in Paris in 1548. The abandonment of these plays destroyed the international theatre that had thereto existed and forced each country to develop its own form of drama. It also allowed dramatists to turn to secular subjects and the reviving interest in Greek and Roman theatre provided them with the perfect opportunity. | In what year were religious plays banned in the Netherlands? | In what year were religious plays banned in the Netherlands? | [
"In what year were religious plays banned in the Netherlands?"
] | {
"text": [
"1539"
],
"answer_start": [
366
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6228 | 57276daedd62a815002e9cb5 | Late_Middle_Ages | The end of medieval drama came about due to a number of factors, including the weakening power of the Catholic Church, the Protestant Reformation and the banning of religious plays in many countries. Elizabeth I forbid all religious plays in 1558 and the great cycle plays had been silenced by the 1580s. Similarly, religious plays were banned in the Netherlands in 1539, the Papal States in 1547 and in Paris in 1548. The abandonment of these plays destroyed the international theatre that had thereto existed and forced each country to develop its own form of drama. It also allowed dramatists to turn to secular subjects and the reviving interest in Greek and Roman theatre provided them with the perfect opportunity. | What types of subjects did dramatists turn to when religious plays were banned? | What types of subjects did dramatists turn to when religious plays were banned? | [
"What types of subjects did dramatists turn to when religious plays were banned?"
] | {
"text": [
"secular"
],
"answer_start": [
607
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6229 | 57276daedd62a815002e9cb6 | Late_Middle_Ages | The end of medieval drama came about due to a number of factors, including the weakening power of the Catholic Church, the Protestant Reformation and the banning of religious plays in many countries. Elizabeth I forbid all religious plays in 1558 and the great cycle plays had been silenced by the 1580s. Similarly, religious plays were banned in the Netherlands in 1539, the Papal States in 1547 and in Paris in 1548. The abandonment of these plays destroyed the international theatre that had thereto existed and forced each country to develop its own form of drama. It also allowed dramatists to turn to secular subjects and the reviving interest in Greek and Roman theatre provided them with the perfect opportunity. | Where were religious plays banned in 1548? | Where were religious plays banned in 1548? | [
"Where were religious plays banned in 1548?"
] | {
"text": [
"Paris"
],
"answer_start": [
404
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6230 | 5ad02daf77cf76001a686d00 | Late_Middle_Ages | The end of medieval drama came about due to a number of factors, including the weakening power of the Catholic Church, the Protestant Reformation and the banning of religious plays in many countries. Elizabeth I forbid all religious plays in 1558 and the great cycle plays had been silenced by the 1580s. Similarly, religious plays were banned in the Netherlands in 1539, the Papal States in 1547 and in Paris in 1548. The abandonment of these plays destroyed the international theatre that had thereto existed and forced each country to develop its own form of drama. It also allowed dramatists to turn to secular subjects and the reviving interest in Greek and Roman theatre provided them with the perfect opportunity. | What wasn't banned that led to the demise of medieval drama? | What wasn't banned that led to the demise of medieval drama? | [
"What wasn't banned that led to the demise of medieval drama?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6231 | 5ad02daf77cf76001a686d01 | Late_Middle_Ages | The end of medieval drama came about due to a number of factors, including the weakening power of the Catholic Church, the Protestant Reformation and the banning of religious plays in many countries. Elizabeth I forbid all religious plays in 1558 and the great cycle plays had been silenced by the 1580s. Similarly, religious plays were banned in the Netherlands in 1539, the Papal States in 1547 and in Paris in 1548. The abandonment of these plays destroyed the international theatre that had thereto existed and forced each country to develop its own form of drama. It also allowed dramatists to turn to secular subjects and the reviving interest in Greek and Roman theatre provided them with the perfect opportunity. | In what year did Elizabeth II ban religious plays? | In what year did Elizabeth II ban religious plays? | [
"In what year did Elizabeth II ban religious plays?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6232 | 5ad02daf77cf76001a686d02 | Late_Middle_Ages | The end of medieval drama came about due to a number of factors, including the weakening power of the Catholic Church, the Protestant Reformation and the banning of religious plays in many countries. Elizabeth I forbid all religious plays in 1558 and the great cycle plays had been silenced by the 1580s. Similarly, religious plays were banned in the Netherlands in 1539, the Papal States in 1547 and in Paris in 1548. The abandonment of these plays destroyed the international theatre that had thereto existed and forced each country to develop its own form of drama. It also allowed dramatists to turn to secular subjects and the reviving interest in Greek and Roman theatre provided them with the perfect opportunity. | In what year weren't religious plays banned in the Netherlands? | In what year weren't religious plays banned in the Netherlands? | [
"In what year weren't religious plays banned in the Netherlands?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6233 | 5ad02daf77cf76001a686d03 | Late_Middle_Ages | The end of medieval drama came about due to a number of factors, including the weakening power of the Catholic Church, the Protestant Reformation and the banning of religious plays in many countries. Elizabeth I forbid all religious plays in 1558 and the great cycle plays had been silenced by the 1580s. Similarly, religious plays were banned in the Netherlands in 1539, the Papal States in 1547 and in Paris in 1548. The abandonment of these plays destroyed the international theatre that had thereto existed and forced each country to develop its own form of drama. It also allowed dramatists to turn to secular subjects and the reviving interest in Greek and Roman theatre provided them with the perfect opportunity. | What types of subjects didn't dramatists turn to when religious plays were banned? | What types of subjects didn't dramatists turn to when religious plays were banned? | [
"What types of subjects didn't dramatists turn to when religious plays were banned?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6234 | 5ad02daf77cf76001a686d04 | Late_Middle_Ages | The end of medieval drama came about due to a number of factors, including the weakening power of the Catholic Church, the Protestant Reformation and the banning of religious plays in many countries. Elizabeth I forbid all religious plays in 1558 and the great cycle plays had been silenced by the 1580s. Similarly, religious plays were banned in the Netherlands in 1539, the Papal States in 1547 and in Paris in 1548. The abandonment of these plays destroyed the international theatre that had thereto existed and forced each country to develop its own form of drama. It also allowed dramatists to turn to secular subjects and the reviving interest in Greek and Roman theatre provided them with the perfect opportunity. | Where were religious plays banned in 1584? | Where were religious plays banned in 1584? | [
"Where were religious plays banned in 1584?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6235 | 57276fdcdd62a815002e9cd8 | Late_Middle_Ages | After the end of the late Middle Ages period, the Renaissance would spread unevenly over continental Europe from the southern European region. The intellectual transformation of the Renaissance is viewed as a bridge between the Middle Ages and the Modern era. Europeans would later begin an era of world discovery. Combined with the influx of classical ideas was the invention of printing which facilitated dissemination of the printed word and democratized learning. These two things would lead to the Protestant Reformation. Europeans also discovered new trading routes, as was the case with Columbus’s travel to the Americas in 1492, and Vasco da Gama’s circumnavigation of Africa and India in 1498. Their discoveries strengthened the economy and power of European nations. | Along with the invention of printing, and the associated dissemination of the printed word, what other factor is believed to have led to the Protestant Reformation? | Along with the invention of printing, and the associated dissemination of the printed word, what other factor is believed to have led to the Protestant Reformation? | [
"Along with the invention of printing, and the associated dissemination of the printed word, what other factor is believed to have led to the Protestant Reformation?"
] | {
"text": [
"democratized learning"
],
"answer_start": [
445
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6236 | 57276fdcdd62a815002e9cd9 | Late_Middle_Ages | After the end of the late Middle Ages period, the Renaissance would spread unevenly over continental Europe from the southern European region. The intellectual transformation of the Renaissance is viewed as a bridge between the Middle Ages and the Modern era. Europeans would later begin an era of world discovery. Combined with the influx of classical ideas was the invention of printing which facilitated dissemination of the printed word and democratized learning. These two things would lead to the Protestant Reformation. Europeans also discovered new trading routes, as was the case with Columbus’s travel to the Americas in 1492, and Vasco da Gama’s circumnavigation of Africa and India in 1498. Their discoveries strengthened the economy and power of European nations. | Which continents did Vasco da Gama circumnavigate in 1498? | Which continents did Vasco da Gama circumnavigate in 1498? | [
"Which continents did Vasco da Gama circumnavigate in 1498?"
] | {
"text": [
"Africa and India"
],
"answer_start": [
677
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6237 | 57276fdcdd62a815002e9cda | Late_Middle_Ages | After the end of the late Middle Ages period, the Renaissance would spread unevenly over continental Europe from the southern European region. The intellectual transformation of the Renaissance is viewed as a bridge between the Middle Ages and the Modern era. Europeans would later begin an era of world discovery. Combined with the influx of classical ideas was the invention of printing which facilitated dissemination of the printed word and democratized learning. These two things would lead to the Protestant Reformation. Europeans also discovered new trading routes, as was the case with Columbus’s travel to the Americas in 1492, and Vasco da Gama’s circumnavigation of Africa and India in 1498. Their discoveries strengthened the economy and power of European nations. | What effect did the discoveries of Columbus and da Gama have on European nations? | What effect did the discoveries of Columbus and da Gama have on European nations? | [
"What effect did the discoveries of Columbus and da Gama have on European nations?"
] | {
"text": [
"strengthened the economy and power"
],
"answer_start": [
721
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6238 | 57276fdcdd62a815002e9cdb | Late_Middle_Ages | After the end of the late Middle Ages period, the Renaissance would spread unevenly over continental Europe from the southern European region. The intellectual transformation of the Renaissance is viewed as a bridge between the Middle Ages and the Modern era. Europeans would later begin an era of world discovery. Combined with the influx of classical ideas was the invention of printing which facilitated dissemination of the printed word and democratized learning. These two things would lead to the Protestant Reformation. Europeans also discovered new trading routes, as was the case with Columbus’s travel to the Americas in 1492, and Vasco da Gama’s circumnavigation of Africa and India in 1498. Their discoveries strengthened the economy and power of European nations. | What historical era is viewed as a bridge between the Middle Ages and the Modern Era? | What historical era is viewed as a bridge between the Middle Ages and the Modern Era? | [
"What historical era is viewed as a bridge between the Middle Ages and the Modern Era?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Renaissance"
],
"answer_start": [
178
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6239 | 57276fdcdd62a815002e9cdc | Late_Middle_Ages | After the end of the late Middle Ages period, the Renaissance would spread unevenly over continental Europe from the southern European region. The intellectual transformation of the Renaissance is viewed as a bridge between the Middle Ages and the Modern era. Europeans would later begin an era of world discovery. Combined with the influx of classical ideas was the invention of printing which facilitated dissemination of the printed word and democratized learning. These two things would lead to the Protestant Reformation. Europeans also discovered new trading routes, as was the case with Columbus’s travel to the Americas in 1492, and Vasco da Gama’s circumnavigation of Africa and India in 1498. Their discoveries strengthened the economy and power of European nations. | What was discovered as the result of both Columbus' and da Gama's voyages? | What was discovered as the result of both Columbus' and da Gama's voyages? | [
"What was discovered as the result of both Columbus' and da Gama's voyages?"
] | {
"text": [
"new trading routes"
],
"answer_start": [
553
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6240 | 5ad02e2877cf76001a686d28 | Late_Middle_Ages | After the end of the late Middle Ages period, the Renaissance would spread unevenly over continental Europe from the southern European region. The intellectual transformation of the Renaissance is viewed as a bridge between the Middle Ages and the Modern era. Europeans would later begin an era of world discovery. Combined with the influx of classical ideas was the invention of printing which facilitated dissemination of the printed word and democratized learning. These two things would lead to the Protestant Reformation. Europeans also discovered new trading routes, as was the case with Columbus’s travel to the Americas in 1492, and Vasco da Gama’s circumnavigation of Africa and India in 1498. Their discoveries strengthened the economy and power of European nations. | Along with the invention of printing, and the associated dissemination of the printed word, what other factor is not believed to have led to the Protestant Reformation? | Along with the invention of printing, and the associated dissemination of the printed word, what other factor is not believed to have led to the Protestant Reformation? | [
"Along with the invention of printing, and the associated dissemination of the printed word, what other factor is not believed to have led to the Protestant Reformation?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6241 | 5ad02e2877cf76001a686d29 | Late_Middle_Ages | After the end of the late Middle Ages period, the Renaissance would spread unevenly over continental Europe from the southern European region. The intellectual transformation of the Renaissance is viewed as a bridge between the Middle Ages and the Modern era. Europeans would later begin an era of world discovery. Combined with the influx of classical ideas was the invention of printing which facilitated dissemination of the printed word and democratized learning. These two things would lead to the Protestant Reformation. Europeans also discovered new trading routes, as was the case with Columbus’s travel to the Americas in 1492, and Vasco da Gama’s circumnavigation of Africa and India in 1498. Their discoveries strengthened the economy and power of European nations. | Which continents did Vasco da Gama circumnavigate in 1489? | Which continents did Vasco da Gama circumnavigate in 1489? | [
"Which continents did Vasco da Gama circumnavigate in 1489?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6242 | 5ad02e2877cf76001a686d2a | Late_Middle_Ages | After the end of the late Middle Ages period, the Renaissance would spread unevenly over continental Europe from the southern European region. The intellectual transformation of the Renaissance is viewed as a bridge between the Middle Ages and the Modern era. Europeans would later begin an era of world discovery. Combined with the influx of classical ideas was the invention of printing which facilitated dissemination of the printed word and democratized learning. These two things would lead to the Protestant Reformation. Europeans also discovered new trading routes, as was the case with Columbus’s travel to the Americas in 1492, and Vasco da Gama’s circumnavigation of Africa and India in 1498. Their discoveries strengthened the economy and power of European nations. | What effect didn't the discoveries of Columbus and da Gama have on European nations? | What effect didn't the discoveries of Columbus and da Gama have on European nations? | [
"What effect didn't the discoveries of Columbus and da Gama have on European nations?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6243 | 5ad02e2877cf76001a686d2b | Late_Middle_Ages | After the end of the late Middle Ages period, the Renaissance would spread unevenly over continental Europe from the southern European region. The intellectual transformation of the Renaissance is viewed as a bridge between the Middle Ages and the Modern era. Europeans would later begin an era of world discovery. Combined with the influx of classical ideas was the invention of printing which facilitated dissemination of the printed word and democratized learning. These two things would lead to the Protestant Reformation. Europeans also discovered new trading routes, as was the case with Columbus’s travel to the Americas in 1492, and Vasco da Gama’s circumnavigation of Africa and India in 1498. Their discoveries strengthened the economy and power of European nations. | What historical era isn't viewed as a bridge between the Middle Ages and the Modern Era? | What historical era isn't viewed as a bridge between the Middle Ages and the Modern Era? | [
"What historical era isn't viewed as a bridge between the Middle Ages and the Modern Era?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6244 | 5ad02e2877cf76001a686d2c | Late_Middle_Ages | After the end of the late Middle Ages period, the Renaissance would spread unevenly over continental Europe from the southern European region. The intellectual transformation of the Renaissance is viewed as a bridge between the Middle Ages and the Modern era. Europeans would later begin an era of world discovery. Combined with the influx of classical ideas was the invention of printing which facilitated dissemination of the printed word and democratized learning. These two things would lead to the Protestant Reformation. Europeans also discovered new trading routes, as was the case with Columbus’s travel to the Americas in 1492, and Vasco da Gama’s circumnavigation of Africa and India in 1498. Their discoveries strengthened the economy and power of European nations. | What wasn't discovered as the result of both Columbus' and da Gama's voyages? | What wasn't discovered as the result of both Columbus' and da Gama's voyages? | [
"What wasn't discovered as the result of both Columbus' and da Gama's voyages?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6245 | 5727721add62a815002e9d04 | Late_Middle_Ages | At the end of the 15th century the Ottoman Empire advanced all over Southeastern Europe, eventually conquering the Byzantine Empire and extending control over the Balkan states. Hungary was the last bastion of the Latin Christian world in the East, and fought to keep its rule over a period of two centuries. After the tragic death of the young king Vladislaus I of Hungary during the Battle of Varna in 1444 against the Ottomans, the Kingdom was placed in the hands of count John Hunyadi, who became Hungary's regent-governor (1446–1453). Hunyadi was considered one of the most relevant military figures of the 15th century: Pope Pius II awarded him the title of Athleta Christi or Champion of Christ for being the only hope of resisting the Ottomans from advancing to Central and Western Europe. | Which empire completed its conquest of the Byzantines at the end of the 15th century? | Which empire completed its conquest of the Byzantines at the end of the 15th century? | [
"Which empire completed its conquest of the Byzantines at the end of the 15th century?"
] | {
"text": [
"Ottoman"
],
"answer_start": [
35
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6246 | 5727721add62a815002e9d05 | Late_Middle_Ages | At the end of the 15th century the Ottoman Empire advanced all over Southeastern Europe, eventually conquering the Byzantine Empire and extending control over the Balkan states. Hungary was the last bastion of the Latin Christian world in the East, and fought to keep its rule over a period of two centuries. After the tragic death of the young king Vladislaus I of Hungary during the Battle of Varna in 1444 against the Ottomans, the Kingdom was placed in the hands of count John Hunyadi, who became Hungary's regent-governor (1446–1453). Hunyadi was considered one of the most relevant military figures of the 15th century: Pope Pius II awarded him the title of Athleta Christi or Champion of Christ for being the only hope of resisting the Ottomans from advancing to Central and Western Europe. | In what year did the Battle of Varna take place? | In what year did the Battle of Varna take place? | [
"In what year did the Battle of Varna take place?"
] | {
"text": [
"1444"
],
"answer_start": [
404
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6247 | 5727721add62a815002e9d06 | Late_Middle_Ages | At the end of the 15th century the Ottoman Empire advanced all over Southeastern Europe, eventually conquering the Byzantine Empire and extending control over the Balkan states. Hungary was the last bastion of the Latin Christian world in the East, and fought to keep its rule over a period of two centuries. After the tragic death of the young king Vladislaus I of Hungary during the Battle of Varna in 1444 against the Ottomans, the Kingdom was placed in the hands of count John Hunyadi, who became Hungary's regent-governor (1446–1453). Hunyadi was considered one of the most relevant military figures of the 15th century: Pope Pius II awarded him the title of Athleta Christi or Champion of Christ for being the only hope of resisting the Ottomans from advancing to Central and Western Europe. | Which Hungarian ruler was killed at the Battle of Varna? | Which Hungarian ruler was killed at the Battle of Varna? | [
"Which Hungarian ruler was killed at the Battle of Varna?"
] | {
"text": [
"Vladislaus I"
],
"answer_start": [
350
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6248 | 5727721add62a815002e9d07 | Late_Middle_Ages | At the end of the 15th century the Ottoman Empire advanced all over Southeastern Europe, eventually conquering the Byzantine Empire and extending control over the Balkan states. Hungary was the last bastion of the Latin Christian world in the East, and fought to keep its rule over a period of two centuries. After the tragic death of the young king Vladislaus I of Hungary during the Battle of Varna in 1444 against the Ottomans, the Kingdom was placed in the hands of count John Hunyadi, who became Hungary's regent-governor (1446–1453). Hunyadi was considered one of the most relevant military figures of the 15th century: Pope Pius II awarded him the title of Athleta Christi or Champion of Christ for being the only hope of resisting the Ottomans from advancing to Central and Western Europe. | Who was appointed regent-governor of the Kingdom of Hungary in 1446? | Who was appointed regent-governor of the Kingdom of Hungary in 1446? | [
"Who was appointed regent-governor of the Kingdom of Hungary in 1446?"
] | {
"text": [
"count John Hunyadi"
],
"answer_start": [
470
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6249 | 5727721add62a815002e9d08 | Late_Middle_Ages | At the end of the 15th century the Ottoman Empire advanced all over Southeastern Europe, eventually conquering the Byzantine Empire and extending control over the Balkan states. Hungary was the last bastion of the Latin Christian world in the East, and fought to keep its rule over a period of two centuries. After the tragic death of the young king Vladislaus I of Hungary during the Battle of Varna in 1444 against the Ottomans, the Kingdom was placed in the hands of count John Hunyadi, who became Hungary's regent-governor (1446–1453). Hunyadi was considered one of the most relevant military figures of the 15th century: Pope Pius II awarded him the title of Athleta Christi or Champion of Christ for being the only hope of resisting the Ottomans from advancing to Central and Western Europe. | Who gave the title of Champion of Christ to John Hyundai? | Who gave the title of Champion of Christ to John Hyundai? | [
"Who gave the title of Champion of Christ to John Hyundai?"
] | {
"text": [
"Pope Pius II"
],
"answer_start": [
626
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6250 | 5ad02eec77cf76001a686d5e | Late_Middle_Ages | At the end of the 15th century the Ottoman Empire advanced all over Southeastern Europe, eventually conquering the Byzantine Empire and extending control over the Balkan states. Hungary was the last bastion of the Latin Christian world in the East, and fought to keep its rule over a period of two centuries. After the tragic death of the young king Vladislaus I of Hungary during the Battle of Varna in 1444 against the Ottomans, the Kingdom was placed in the hands of count John Hunyadi, who became Hungary's regent-governor (1446–1453). Hunyadi was considered one of the most relevant military figures of the 15th century: Pope Pius II awarded him the title of Athleta Christi or Champion of Christ for being the only hope of resisting the Ottomans from advancing to Central and Western Europe. | Which empire completed its conquest of the Byzantines at the end of the 14th century? | Which empire completed its conquest of the Byzantines at the end of the 14th century? | [
"Which empire completed its conquest of the Byzantines at the end of the 14th century?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6251 | 5ad02eec77cf76001a686d5f | Late_Middle_Ages | At the end of the 15th century the Ottoman Empire advanced all over Southeastern Europe, eventually conquering the Byzantine Empire and extending control over the Balkan states. Hungary was the last bastion of the Latin Christian world in the East, and fought to keep its rule over a period of two centuries. After the tragic death of the young king Vladislaus I of Hungary during the Battle of Varna in 1444 against the Ottomans, the Kingdom was placed in the hands of count John Hunyadi, who became Hungary's regent-governor (1446–1453). Hunyadi was considered one of the most relevant military figures of the 15th century: Pope Pius II awarded him the title of Athleta Christi or Champion of Christ for being the only hope of resisting the Ottomans from advancing to Central and Western Europe. | In what year didn't the Battle of Varna take place? | In what year didn't the Battle of Varna take place? | [
"In what year didn't the Battle of Varna take place?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6252 | 5ad02eec77cf76001a686d60 | Late_Middle_Ages | At the end of the 15th century the Ottoman Empire advanced all over Southeastern Europe, eventually conquering the Byzantine Empire and extending control over the Balkan states. Hungary was the last bastion of the Latin Christian world in the East, and fought to keep its rule over a period of two centuries. After the tragic death of the young king Vladislaus I of Hungary during the Battle of Varna in 1444 against the Ottomans, the Kingdom was placed in the hands of count John Hunyadi, who became Hungary's regent-governor (1446–1453). Hunyadi was considered one of the most relevant military figures of the 15th century: Pope Pius II awarded him the title of Athleta Christi or Champion of Christ for being the only hope of resisting the Ottomans from advancing to Central and Western Europe. | Which Hungarian ruler was saved at the Battle of Varna? | Which Hungarian ruler was saved at the Battle of Varna? | [
"Which Hungarian ruler was saved at the Battle of Varna?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6253 | 5ad02eec77cf76001a686d61 | Late_Middle_Ages | At the end of the 15th century the Ottoman Empire advanced all over Southeastern Europe, eventually conquering the Byzantine Empire and extending control over the Balkan states. Hungary was the last bastion of the Latin Christian world in the East, and fought to keep its rule over a period of two centuries. After the tragic death of the young king Vladislaus I of Hungary during the Battle of Varna in 1444 against the Ottomans, the Kingdom was placed in the hands of count John Hunyadi, who became Hungary's regent-governor (1446–1453). Hunyadi was considered one of the most relevant military figures of the 15th century: Pope Pius II awarded him the title of Athleta Christi or Champion of Christ for being the only hope of resisting the Ottomans from advancing to Central and Western Europe. | Who was appointed regent-governor of the Kingdom of Hungary in 1464? | Who was appointed regent-governor of the Kingdom of Hungary in 1464? | [
"Who was appointed regent-governor of the Kingdom of Hungary in 1464?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6254 | 5ad02eec77cf76001a686d62 | Late_Middle_Ages | At the end of the 15th century the Ottoman Empire advanced all over Southeastern Europe, eventually conquering the Byzantine Empire and extending control over the Balkan states. Hungary was the last bastion of the Latin Christian world in the East, and fought to keep its rule over a period of two centuries. After the tragic death of the young king Vladislaus I of Hungary during the Battle of Varna in 1444 against the Ottomans, the Kingdom was placed in the hands of count John Hunyadi, who became Hungary's regent-governor (1446–1453). Hunyadi was considered one of the most relevant military figures of the 15th century: Pope Pius II awarded him the title of Athleta Christi or Champion of Christ for being the only hope of resisting the Ottomans from advancing to Central and Western Europe. | Who gave the title of Champion of Christ to Sean Hyundai? | Who gave the title of Champion of Christ to Sean Hyundai? | [
"Who gave the title of Champion of Christ to Sean Hyundai?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6255 | 57277421708984140094ddf7 | Late_Middle_Ages | Hunyadi succeeded during the Siege of Belgrade in 1456 against the Ottomans, the biggest victory against that empire in decades. This battle became a real Crusade against the Muslims, as the peasants were motivated by the Franciscan monk Saint John of Capistrano, who came from Italy predicating Holy War. The effect that it created in that time was one of the main factors that helped in achieving the victory. However the premature death of the Hungarian Lord left Pannonia defenseless and in chaos. In an extremely unusual event for the Middle Ages, Hunyadi's son, Matthias, was elected as King of Hungary by the nobility. For the first time, a member of an aristocratic family (and not from a royal family) was crowned. | Which Franciscan monk motivated the peasants to fight against Muslims at the Siege of Belgrade? | Which Franciscan monk motivated the peasants to fight against Muslims at the Siege of Belgrade? | [
"Which Franciscan monk motivated the peasants to fight against Muslims at the Siege of Belgrade?"
] | {
"text": [
"Saint John of Capistrano"
],
"answer_start": [
238
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6256 | 57277421708984140094ddf8 | Late_Middle_Ages | Hunyadi succeeded during the Siege of Belgrade in 1456 against the Ottomans, the biggest victory against that empire in decades. This battle became a real Crusade against the Muslims, as the peasants were motivated by the Franciscan monk Saint John of Capistrano, who came from Italy predicating Holy War. The effect that it created in that time was one of the main factors that helped in achieving the victory. However the premature death of the Hungarian Lord left Pannonia defenseless and in chaos. In an extremely unusual event for the Middle Ages, Hunyadi's son, Matthias, was elected as King of Hungary by the nobility. For the first time, a member of an aristocratic family (and not from a royal family) was crowned. | In what year was the Siege of Belgrade fought? | In what year was the Siege of Belgrade fought? | [
"In what year was the Siege of Belgrade fought?"
] | {
"text": [
"1456"
],
"answer_start": [
50
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6257 | 57277421708984140094ddf9 | Late_Middle_Ages | Hunyadi succeeded during the Siege of Belgrade in 1456 against the Ottomans, the biggest victory against that empire in decades. This battle became a real Crusade against the Muslims, as the peasants were motivated by the Franciscan monk Saint John of Capistrano, who came from Italy predicating Holy War. The effect that it created in that time was one of the main factors that helped in achieving the victory. However the premature death of the Hungarian Lord left Pannonia defenseless and in chaos. In an extremely unusual event for the Middle Ages, Hunyadi's son, Matthias, was elected as King of Hungary by the nobility. For the first time, a member of an aristocratic family (and not from a royal family) was crowned. | Who did the Hungarian nobility elect as King of Hungary? | Who did the Hungarian nobility elect as King of Hungary? | [
"Who did the Hungarian nobility elect as King of Hungary?"
] | {
"text": [
"Matthias"
],
"answer_start": [
568
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6258 | 57277421708984140094ddfa | Late_Middle_Ages | Hunyadi succeeded during the Siege of Belgrade in 1456 against the Ottomans, the biggest victory against that empire in decades. This battle became a real Crusade against the Muslims, as the peasants were motivated by the Franciscan monk Saint John of Capistrano, who came from Italy predicating Holy War. The effect that it created in that time was one of the main factors that helped in achieving the victory. However the premature death of the Hungarian Lord left Pannonia defenseless and in chaos. In an extremely unusual event for the Middle Ages, Hunyadi's son, Matthias, was elected as King of Hungary by the nobility. For the first time, a member of an aristocratic family (and not from a royal family) was crowned. | Which country did Saint Francis of Capistrano come from? | Which country did Saint Francis of Capistrano come from? | [
"Which country did Saint Francis of Capistrano come from?"
] | {
"text": [
"Italy"
],
"answer_start": [
278
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6259 | 57277421708984140094ddfb | Late_Middle_Ages | Hunyadi succeeded during the Siege of Belgrade in 1456 against the Ottomans, the biggest victory against that empire in decades. This battle became a real Crusade against the Muslims, as the peasants were motivated by the Franciscan monk Saint John of Capistrano, who came from Italy predicating Holy War. The effect that it created in that time was one of the main factors that helped in achieving the victory. However the premature death of the Hungarian Lord left Pannonia defenseless and in chaos. In an extremely unusual event for the Middle Ages, Hunyadi's son, Matthias, was elected as King of Hungary by the nobility. For the first time, a member of an aristocratic family (and not from a royal family) was crowned. | When John Hunyadi died, which province was left in chaos? | When John Hunyadi died, which province was left in chaos? | [
"When John Hunyadi died, which province was left in chaos?"
] | {
"text": [
"Pannonia"
],
"answer_start": [
467
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6260 | 5ad02f5777cf76001a686d7a | Late_Middle_Ages | Hunyadi succeeded during the Siege of Belgrade in 1456 against the Ottomans, the biggest victory against that empire in decades. This battle became a real Crusade against the Muslims, as the peasants were motivated by the Franciscan monk Saint John of Capistrano, who came from Italy predicating Holy War. The effect that it created in that time was one of the main factors that helped in achieving the victory. However the premature death of the Hungarian Lord left Pannonia defenseless and in chaos. In an extremely unusual event for the Middle Ages, Hunyadi's son, Matthias, was elected as King of Hungary by the nobility. For the first time, a member of an aristocratic family (and not from a royal family) was crowned. | Which Franciscan monk motivated the peasants to fight for Muslims at the Siege of Belgrade? | Which Franciscan monk motivated the peasants to fight for Muslims at the Siege of Belgrade? | [
"Which Franciscan monk motivated the peasants to fight for Muslims at the Siege of Belgrade?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6261 | 5ad02f5777cf76001a686d7b | Late_Middle_Ages | Hunyadi succeeded during the Siege of Belgrade in 1456 against the Ottomans, the biggest victory against that empire in decades. This battle became a real Crusade against the Muslims, as the peasants were motivated by the Franciscan monk Saint John of Capistrano, who came from Italy predicating Holy War. The effect that it created in that time was one of the main factors that helped in achieving the victory. However the premature death of the Hungarian Lord left Pannonia defenseless and in chaos. In an extremely unusual event for the Middle Ages, Hunyadi's son, Matthias, was elected as King of Hungary by the nobility. For the first time, a member of an aristocratic family (and not from a royal family) was crowned. | In what year wasn't the Siege of Belgrade fought? | In what year wasn't the Siege of Belgrade fought? | [
"In what year wasn't the Siege of Belgrade fought?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6262 | 5ad02f5777cf76001a686d7c | Late_Middle_Ages | Hunyadi succeeded during the Siege of Belgrade in 1456 against the Ottomans, the biggest victory against that empire in decades. This battle became a real Crusade against the Muslims, as the peasants were motivated by the Franciscan monk Saint John of Capistrano, who came from Italy predicating Holy War. The effect that it created in that time was one of the main factors that helped in achieving the victory. However the premature death of the Hungarian Lord left Pannonia defenseless and in chaos. In an extremely unusual event for the Middle Ages, Hunyadi's son, Matthias, was elected as King of Hungary by the nobility. For the first time, a member of an aristocratic family (and not from a royal family) was crowned. | Who didn't the Hungarian nobility elect as King of Hungary? | Who didn't the Hungarian nobility elect as King of Hungary? | [
"Who didn't the Hungarian nobility elect as King of Hungary?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6263 | 5ad02f5777cf76001a686d7d | Late_Middle_Ages | Hunyadi succeeded during the Siege of Belgrade in 1456 against the Ottomans, the biggest victory against that empire in decades. This battle became a real Crusade against the Muslims, as the peasants were motivated by the Franciscan monk Saint John of Capistrano, who came from Italy predicating Holy War. The effect that it created in that time was one of the main factors that helped in achieving the victory. However the premature death of the Hungarian Lord left Pannonia defenseless and in chaos. In an extremely unusual event for the Middle Ages, Hunyadi's son, Matthias, was elected as King of Hungary by the nobility. For the first time, a member of an aristocratic family (and not from a royal family) was crowned. | Which country didn't Saint Francis of Capistrano come from? | Which country didn't Saint Francis of Capistrano come from? | [
"Which country didn't Saint Francis of Capistrano come from?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6264 | 5ad02f5777cf76001a686d7e | Late_Middle_Ages | Hunyadi succeeded during the Siege of Belgrade in 1456 against the Ottomans, the biggest victory against that empire in decades. This battle became a real Crusade against the Muslims, as the peasants were motivated by the Franciscan monk Saint John of Capistrano, who came from Italy predicating Holy War. The effect that it created in that time was one of the main factors that helped in achieving the victory. However the premature death of the Hungarian Lord left Pannonia defenseless and in chaos. In an extremely unusual event for the Middle Ages, Hunyadi's son, Matthias, was elected as King of Hungary by the nobility. For the first time, a member of an aristocratic family (and not from a royal family) was crowned. | When John Hunyadi died, which province was left in peace? | When John Hunyadi died, which province was left in peace? | [
"When John Hunyadi died, which province was left in peace?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6265 | 5727762cdd62a815002e9d78 | Late_Middle_Ages | King Matthias Corvinus of Hungary (1458–1490) was one of the most prominent figures of the period, directing campaigns to the West, conquering Bohemia in answer to the Pope's call for help against the Hussite Protestants. Also, in resolving political hostilities with the German emperor Frederick III of Habsburg, he invaded his western domains. Matthew organized the Black Army of mercenary soldiers; it was considered as the biggest army of its time. Using this powerful tool, the Hungarian king led wars against the Turkish armies and stopped the Ottomans during his reign. After the death of Matthew, and with end of the Black Army, the Ottoman Empire grew in strength and Central Europe was defenseless. At the Battle of Mohács, the forces of the Ottoman Empire annihilated the Hungarian army and Louis II of Hungary drowned in the Csele Creek while trying to escape. The leader of the Hungarian army, Pál Tomori, also died in the battle. This is considered to be one of the final battles of Medieval times. | How did Louis II of Hungary die? | How did Louis II of Hungary die? | [
"How did Louis II of Hungary die?"
] | {
"text": [
"drowned in the Csele Creek while trying to escape"
],
"answer_start": [
822
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6266 | 5727762cdd62a815002e9d79 | Late_Middle_Ages | King Matthias Corvinus of Hungary (1458–1490) was one of the most prominent figures of the period, directing campaigns to the West, conquering Bohemia in answer to the Pope's call for help against the Hussite Protestants. Also, in resolving political hostilities with the German emperor Frederick III of Habsburg, he invaded his western domains. Matthew organized the Black Army of mercenary soldiers; it was considered as the biggest army of its time. Using this powerful tool, the Hungarian king led wars against the Turkish armies and stopped the Ottomans during his reign. After the death of Matthew, and with end of the Black Army, the Ottoman Empire grew in strength and Central Europe was defenseless. At the Battle of Mohács, the forces of the Ottoman Empire annihilated the Hungarian army and Louis II of Hungary drowned in the Csele Creek while trying to escape. The leader of the Hungarian army, Pál Tomori, also died in the battle. This is considered to be one of the final battles of Medieval times. | Who was the leader of the Hungarian army at the Battle of Mohács? | Who was the leader of the Hungarian army at the Battle of Mohács? | [
"Who was the leader of the Hungarian army at the Battle of Mohács?"
] | {
"text": [
"Pál Tomori"
],
"answer_start": [
907
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6267 | 5727762cdd62a815002e9d7a | Late_Middle_Ages | King Matthias Corvinus of Hungary (1458–1490) was one of the most prominent figures of the period, directing campaigns to the West, conquering Bohemia in answer to the Pope's call for help against the Hussite Protestants. Also, in resolving political hostilities with the German emperor Frederick III of Habsburg, he invaded his western domains. Matthew organized the Black Army of mercenary soldiers; it was considered as the biggest army of its time. Using this powerful tool, the Hungarian king led wars against the Turkish armies and stopped the Ottomans during his reign. After the death of Matthew, and with end of the Black Army, the Ottoman Empire grew in strength and Central Europe was defenseless. At the Battle of Mohács, the forces of the Ottoman Empire annihilated the Hungarian army and Louis II of Hungary drowned in the Csele Creek while trying to escape. The leader of the Hungarian army, Pál Tomori, also died in the battle. This is considered to be one of the final battles of Medieval times. | In what years did Matthias Corvinus reign as King of Hungary? | In what years did Matthias Corvinus reign as King of Hungary? | [
"In what years did Matthias Corvinus reign as King of Hungary?"
] | {
"text": [
"1458–1490"
],
"answer_start": [
35
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6268 | 5727762cdd62a815002e9d7b | Late_Middle_Ages | King Matthias Corvinus of Hungary (1458–1490) was one of the most prominent figures of the period, directing campaigns to the West, conquering Bohemia in answer to the Pope's call for help against the Hussite Protestants. Also, in resolving political hostilities with the German emperor Frederick III of Habsburg, he invaded his western domains. Matthew organized the Black Army of mercenary soldiers; it was considered as the biggest army of its time. Using this powerful tool, the Hungarian king led wars against the Turkish armies and stopped the Ottomans during his reign. After the death of Matthew, and with end of the Black Army, the Ottoman Empire grew in strength and Central Europe was defenseless. At the Battle of Mohács, the forces of the Ottoman Empire annihilated the Hungarian army and Louis II of Hungary drowned in the Csele Creek while trying to escape. The leader of the Hungarian army, Pál Tomori, also died in the battle. This is considered to be one of the final battles of Medieval times. | Who did Matthias defeat to conquer Bohemia? | Who did Matthias defeat to conquer Bohemia? | [
"Who did Matthias defeat to conquer Bohemia?"
] | {
"text": [
"Hussite Protestants"
],
"answer_start": [
201
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6269 | 5727762cdd62a815002e9d7c | Late_Middle_Ages | King Matthias Corvinus of Hungary (1458–1490) was one of the most prominent figures of the period, directing campaigns to the West, conquering Bohemia in answer to the Pope's call for help against the Hussite Protestants. Also, in resolving political hostilities with the German emperor Frederick III of Habsburg, he invaded his western domains. Matthew organized the Black Army of mercenary soldiers; it was considered as the biggest army of its time. Using this powerful tool, the Hungarian king led wars against the Turkish armies and stopped the Ottomans during his reign. After the death of Matthew, and with end of the Black Army, the Ottoman Empire grew in strength and Central Europe was defenseless. At the Battle of Mohács, the forces of the Ottoman Empire annihilated the Hungarian army and Louis II of Hungary drowned in the Csele Creek while trying to escape. The leader of the Hungarian army, Pál Tomori, also died in the battle. This is considered to be one of the final battles of Medieval times. | Who opposed the Hungarian army at the Battle of Mohács? | Who opposed the Hungarian army at the Battle of Mohács? | [
"Who opposed the Hungarian army at the Battle of Mohács?"
] | {
"text": [
"the forces of the Ottoman Empire"
],
"answer_start": [
734
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6270 | 5ad02ff277cf76001a686daa | Late_Middle_Ages | King Matthias Corvinus of Hungary (1458–1490) was one of the most prominent figures of the period, directing campaigns to the West, conquering Bohemia in answer to the Pope's call for help against the Hussite Protestants. Also, in resolving political hostilities with the German emperor Frederick III of Habsburg, he invaded his western domains. Matthew organized the Black Army of mercenary soldiers; it was considered as the biggest army of its time. Using this powerful tool, the Hungarian king led wars against the Turkish armies and stopped the Ottomans during his reign. After the death of Matthew, and with end of the Black Army, the Ottoman Empire grew in strength and Central Europe was defenseless. At the Battle of Mohács, the forces of the Ottoman Empire annihilated the Hungarian army and Louis II of Hungary drowned in the Csele Creek while trying to escape. The leader of the Hungarian army, Pál Tomori, also died in the battle. This is considered to be one of the final battles of Medieval times. | How did Louis XII of Hungary die? | How did Louis XII of Hungary die? | [
"How did Louis XII of Hungary die?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6271 | 5ad02ff277cf76001a686dab | Late_Middle_Ages | King Matthias Corvinus of Hungary (1458–1490) was one of the most prominent figures of the period, directing campaigns to the West, conquering Bohemia in answer to the Pope's call for help against the Hussite Protestants. Also, in resolving political hostilities with the German emperor Frederick III of Habsburg, he invaded his western domains. Matthew organized the Black Army of mercenary soldiers; it was considered as the biggest army of its time. Using this powerful tool, the Hungarian king led wars against the Turkish armies and stopped the Ottomans during his reign. After the death of Matthew, and with end of the Black Army, the Ottoman Empire grew in strength and Central Europe was defenseless. At the Battle of Mohács, the forces of the Ottoman Empire annihilated the Hungarian army and Louis II of Hungary drowned in the Csele Creek while trying to escape. The leader of the Hungarian army, Pál Tomori, also died in the battle. This is considered to be one of the final battles of Medieval times. | Who wasn't the leader of the Hungarian army at the Battle of Mohács? | Who wasn't the leader of the Hungarian army at the Battle of Mohács? | [
"Who wasn't the leader of the Hungarian army at the Battle of Mohács?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6272 | 5ad02ff277cf76001a686dac | Late_Middle_Ages | King Matthias Corvinus of Hungary (1458–1490) was one of the most prominent figures of the period, directing campaigns to the West, conquering Bohemia in answer to the Pope's call for help against the Hussite Protestants. Also, in resolving political hostilities with the German emperor Frederick III of Habsburg, he invaded his western domains. Matthew organized the Black Army of mercenary soldiers; it was considered as the biggest army of its time. Using this powerful tool, the Hungarian king led wars against the Turkish armies and stopped the Ottomans during his reign. After the death of Matthew, and with end of the Black Army, the Ottoman Empire grew in strength and Central Europe was defenseless. At the Battle of Mohács, the forces of the Ottoman Empire annihilated the Hungarian army and Louis II of Hungary drowned in the Csele Creek while trying to escape. The leader of the Hungarian army, Pál Tomori, also died in the battle. This is considered to be one of the final battles of Medieval times. | In what years didn't Matthias Corvinus reign as King of Hungary? | In what years didn't Matthias Corvinus reign as King of Hungary? | [
"In what years didn't Matthias Corvinus reign as King of Hungary?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6273 | 5ad02ff277cf76001a686dad | Late_Middle_Ages | King Matthias Corvinus of Hungary (1458–1490) was one of the most prominent figures of the period, directing campaigns to the West, conquering Bohemia in answer to the Pope's call for help against the Hussite Protestants. Also, in resolving political hostilities with the German emperor Frederick III of Habsburg, he invaded his western domains. Matthew organized the Black Army of mercenary soldiers; it was considered as the biggest army of its time. Using this powerful tool, the Hungarian king led wars against the Turkish armies and stopped the Ottomans during his reign. After the death of Matthew, and with end of the Black Army, the Ottoman Empire grew in strength and Central Europe was defenseless. At the Battle of Mohács, the forces of the Ottoman Empire annihilated the Hungarian army and Louis II of Hungary drowned in the Csele Creek while trying to escape. The leader of the Hungarian army, Pál Tomori, also died in the battle. This is considered to be one of the final battles of Medieval times. | Who did Matthias lose to conquer Bohemia? | Who did Matthias lose to conquer Bohemia? | [
"Who did Matthias lose to conquer Bohemia?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6274 | 5ad02ff277cf76001a686dae | Late_Middle_Ages | King Matthias Corvinus of Hungary (1458–1490) was one of the most prominent figures of the period, directing campaigns to the West, conquering Bohemia in answer to the Pope's call for help against the Hussite Protestants. Also, in resolving political hostilities with the German emperor Frederick III of Habsburg, he invaded his western domains. Matthew organized the Black Army of mercenary soldiers; it was considered as the biggest army of its time. Using this powerful tool, the Hungarian king led wars against the Turkish armies and stopped the Ottomans during his reign. After the death of Matthew, and with end of the Black Army, the Ottoman Empire grew in strength and Central Europe was defenseless. At the Battle of Mohács, the forces of the Ottoman Empire annihilated the Hungarian army and Louis II of Hungary drowned in the Csele Creek while trying to escape. The leader of the Hungarian army, Pál Tomori, also died in the battle. This is considered to be one of the final battles of Medieval times. | Who supported the Hungarian army at the Battle of Mohács? | Who supported the Hungarian army at the Battle of Mohács? | [
"Who supported the Hungarian army at the Battle of Mohács?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6275 | 5727784ddd62a815002e9db8 | Late_Middle_Ages | The changes brought about by these developments have led many scholars to view this period as the end of the Middle Ages and beginning of modern history and early modern Europe. However, the division is somewhat artificial, since ancient learning was never entirely absent from European society. As a result there was developmental continuity between the ancient age (via classical antiquity) and the modern age. Some historians, particularly in Italy, prefer not to speak of the late Middle Ages at all, but rather see the high period of the Middle Ages transitioning to the Renaissance and the modern era. | Historians from what country in particular do not refer to the Late Middle Ages? | Historians from what country in particular do not refer to the Late Middle Ages? | [
"Historians from what country in particular do not refer to the Late Middle Ages?"
] | {
"text": [
"Italy"
],
"answer_start": [
446
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6276 | 5727784ddd62a815002e9db9 | Late_Middle_Ages | The changes brought about by these developments have led many scholars to view this period as the end of the Middle Ages and beginning of modern history and early modern Europe. However, the division is somewhat artificial, since ancient learning was never entirely absent from European society. As a result there was developmental continuity between the ancient age (via classical antiquity) and the modern age. Some historians, particularly in Italy, prefer not to speak of the late Middle Ages at all, but rather see the high period of the Middle Ages transitioning to the Renaissance and the modern era. | What provided developmental continuity between the ancient and modern ages? | What provided developmental continuity between the ancient and modern ages? | [
"What provided developmental continuity between the ancient and modern ages?"
] | {
"text": [
"classical antiquity"
],
"answer_start": [
372
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6277 | 5727784ddd62a815002e9dba | Late_Middle_Ages | The changes brought about by these developments have led many scholars to view this period as the end of the Middle Ages and beginning of modern history and early modern Europe. However, the division is somewhat artificial, since ancient learning was never entirely absent from European society. As a result there was developmental continuity between the ancient age (via classical antiquity) and the modern age. Some historians, particularly in Italy, prefer not to speak of the late Middle Ages at all, but rather see the high period of the Middle Ages transitioning to the Renaissance and the modern era. | What period do Italian historians believe came immediately after the High Period of the Middle Ages? | What period do Italian historians believe came immediately after the High Period of the Middle Ages? | [
"What period do Italian historians believe came immediately after the High Period of the Middle Ages?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Renaissance"
],
"answer_start": [
572
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6278 | 5727784ddd62a815002e9dbb | Late_Middle_Ages | The changes brought about by these developments have led many scholars to view this period as the end of the Middle Ages and beginning of modern history and early modern Europe. However, the division is somewhat artificial, since ancient learning was never entirely absent from European society. As a result there was developmental continuity between the ancient age (via classical antiquity) and the modern age. Some historians, particularly in Italy, prefer not to speak of the late Middle Ages at all, but rather see the high period of the Middle Ages transitioning to the Renaissance and the modern era. | What do many scholars regard the Late Middle Ages as the beginning of? | What do many scholars regard the Late Middle Ages as the beginning of? | [
"What do many scholars regard the Late Middle Ages as the beginning of?"
] | {
"text": [
"modern history and early modern Europe"
],
"answer_start": [
138
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6279 | 5ad01c7f77cf76001a686a5a | Late_Middle_Ages | The changes brought about by these developments have led many scholars to view this period as the end of the Middle Ages and beginning of modern history and early modern Europe. However, the division is somewhat artificial, since ancient learning was never entirely absent from European society. As a result there was developmental continuity between the ancient age (via classical antiquity) and the modern age. Some historians, particularly in Italy, prefer not to speak of the late Middle Ages at all, but rather see the high period of the Middle Ages transitioning to the Renaissance and the modern era. | Historians from what country in particular do not refer to the Early Middle Ages? | Historians from what country in particular do not refer to the Early Middle Ages? | [
"Historians from what country in particular do not refer to the Early Middle Ages?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6280 | 5ad01c7f77cf76001a686a5b | Late_Middle_Ages | The changes brought about by these developments have led many scholars to view this period as the end of the Middle Ages and beginning of modern history and early modern Europe. However, the division is somewhat artificial, since ancient learning was never entirely absent from European society. As a result there was developmental continuity between the ancient age (via classical antiquity) and the modern age. Some historians, particularly in Italy, prefer not to speak of the late Middle Ages at all, but rather see the high period of the Middle Ages transitioning to the Renaissance and the modern era. | What never provided developmental continuity between the ancient and modern ages? | What never provided developmental continuity between the ancient and modern ages? | [
"What never provided developmental continuity between the ancient and modern ages?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6281 | 5ad01c7f77cf76001a686a5c | Late_Middle_Ages | The changes brought about by these developments have led many scholars to view this period as the end of the Middle Ages and beginning of modern history and early modern Europe. However, the division is somewhat artificial, since ancient learning was never entirely absent from European society. As a result there was developmental continuity between the ancient age (via classical antiquity) and the modern age. Some historians, particularly in Italy, prefer not to speak of the late Middle Ages at all, but rather see the high period of the Middle Ages transitioning to the Renaissance and the modern era. | What period do Italian historians not believe came immediately after the High Period of the Middle Ages? | What period do Italian historians not believe came immediately after the High Period of the Middle Ages? | [
"What period do Italian historians not believe came immediately after the High Period of the Middle Ages?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6282 | 5ad01c7f77cf76001a686a5d | Late_Middle_Ages | The changes brought about by these developments have led many scholars to view this period as the end of the Middle Ages and beginning of modern history and early modern Europe. However, the division is somewhat artificial, since ancient learning was never entirely absent from European society. As a result there was developmental continuity between the ancient age (via classical antiquity) and the modern age. Some historians, particularly in Italy, prefer not to speak of the late Middle Ages at all, but rather see the high period of the Middle Ages transitioning to the Renaissance and the modern era. | What period do Italian historians believe came immediately after the Low Period of the Middle Ages? | What period do Italian historians believe came immediately after the Low Period of the Middle Ages? | [
"What period do Italian historians believe came immediately after the Low Period of the Middle Ages?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6283 | 5ad01c7f77cf76001a686a5e | Late_Middle_Ages | The changes brought about by these developments have led many scholars to view this period as the end of the Middle Ages and beginning of modern history and early modern Europe. However, the division is somewhat artificial, since ancient learning was never entirely absent from European society. As a result there was developmental continuity between the ancient age (via classical antiquity) and the modern age. Some historians, particularly in Italy, prefer not to speak of the late Middle Ages at all, but rather see the high period of the Middle Ages transitioning to the Renaissance and the modern era. | What do many scholars regard the Late Middle Ages as the end of? | What do many scholars regard the Late Middle Ages as the end of? | [
"What do many scholars regard the Late Middle Ages as the end of?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6284 | 5728027d3acd2414000df20d | PlayStation_3 | The console was first officially announced at E3 2005, and was released at the end of 2006. It was the first console to use Blu-ray Disc as its primary storage medium. The console was the first PlayStation to integrate social gaming services, included it being the first to introduce Sony's social gaming service, PlayStation Network, and its remote connectivity with PlayStation Portable and PlayStation Vita, being able to remote control the console from the devices. In September 2009, the Slim model of the PlayStation 3 was released, being lighter and thinner than the original version, which notably featured a redesigned logo and marketing design, as well as a minor start-up change in software. A Super Slim variation was then released in late 2012, further refining and redesigning the console. As of March 2016, PlayStation 3 has sold 85 million units worldwide. Its successor, the PlayStation 4, was released later in November 2013. | What year was the PlayStation 3 released? | What year was the PlayStation 3 released? | [
"What year was the PlayStation 3 released?"
] | {
"text": [
"2006"
],
"answer_start": [
86
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6285 | 5728027d3acd2414000df20e | PlayStation_3 | The console was first officially announced at E3 2005, and was released at the end of 2006. It was the first console to use Blu-ray Disc as its primary storage medium. The console was the first PlayStation to integrate social gaming services, included it being the first to introduce Sony's social gaming service, PlayStation Network, and its remote connectivity with PlayStation Portable and PlayStation Vita, being able to remote control the console from the devices. In September 2009, the Slim model of the PlayStation 3 was released, being lighter and thinner than the original version, which notably featured a redesigned logo and marketing design, as well as a minor start-up change in software. A Super Slim variation was then released in late 2012, further refining and redesigning the console. As of March 2016, PlayStation 3 has sold 85 million units worldwide. Its successor, the PlayStation 4, was released later in November 2013. | What social gaming service was integrated into the PlayStation 3? | What social gaming service was integrated into the PlayStation 3? | [
"What social gaming service was integrated into the PlayStation 3?"
] | {
"text": [
"PlayStation Network"
],
"answer_start": [
314
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6286 | 5728027d3acd2414000df20f | PlayStation_3 | The console was first officially announced at E3 2005, and was released at the end of 2006. It was the first console to use Blu-ray Disc as its primary storage medium. The console was the first PlayStation to integrate social gaming services, included it being the first to introduce Sony's social gaming service, PlayStation Network, and its remote connectivity with PlayStation Portable and PlayStation Vita, being able to remote control the console from the devices. In September 2009, the Slim model of the PlayStation 3 was released, being lighter and thinner than the original version, which notably featured a redesigned logo and marketing design, as well as a minor start-up change in software. A Super Slim variation was then released in late 2012, further refining and redesigning the console. As of March 2016, PlayStation 3 has sold 85 million units worldwide. Its successor, the PlayStation 4, was released later in November 2013. | What was the thinner version of the PS3 called? | What was the thinner version of the PS3 called? | [
"What was the thinner version of the PS3 called?"
] | {
"text": [
"Slim"
],
"answer_start": [
493
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6287 | 5728027d3acd2414000df210 | PlayStation_3 | The console was first officially announced at E3 2005, and was released at the end of 2006. It was the first console to use Blu-ray Disc as its primary storage medium. The console was the first PlayStation to integrate social gaming services, included it being the first to introduce Sony's social gaming service, PlayStation Network, and its remote connectivity with PlayStation Portable and PlayStation Vita, being able to remote control the console from the devices. In September 2009, the Slim model of the PlayStation 3 was released, being lighter and thinner than the original version, which notably featured a redesigned logo and marketing design, as well as a minor start-up change in software. A Super Slim variation was then released in late 2012, further refining and redesigning the console. As of March 2016, PlayStation 3 has sold 85 million units worldwide. Its successor, the PlayStation 4, was released later in November 2013. | What year did the Super Slim model hit stores? | What year did the Super Slim model hit stores? | [
"What year did the Super Slim model hit stores?"
] | {
"text": [
"2012"
],
"answer_start": [
752
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6288 | 5728027d3acd2414000df211 | PlayStation_3 | The console was first officially announced at E3 2005, and was released at the end of 2006. It was the first console to use Blu-ray Disc as its primary storage medium. The console was the first PlayStation to integrate social gaming services, included it being the first to introduce Sony's social gaming service, PlayStation Network, and its remote connectivity with PlayStation Portable and PlayStation Vita, being able to remote control the console from the devices. In September 2009, the Slim model of the PlayStation 3 was released, being lighter and thinner than the original version, which notably featured a redesigned logo and marketing design, as well as a minor start-up change in software. A Super Slim variation was then released in late 2012, further refining and redesigning the console. As of March 2016, PlayStation 3 has sold 85 million units worldwide. Its successor, the PlayStation 4, was released later in November 2013. | How many PlayStation 3 units had been purchased as of early 2016? | How many PlayStation 3 units had been purchased as of early 2016? | [
"How many PlayStation 3 units had been purchased as of early 2016?"
] | {
"text": [
"85 million"
],
"answer_start": [
845
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6289 | 5ad2a174d7d075001a429cd0 | PlayStation_3 | The console was first officially announced at E3 2005, and was released at the end of 2006. It was the first console to use Blu-ray Disc as its primary storage medium. The console was the first PlayStation to integrate social gaming services, included it being the first to introduce Sony's social gaming service, PlayStation Network, and its remote connectivity with PlayStation Portable and PlayStation Vita, being able to remote control the console from the devices. In September 2009, the Slim model of the PlayStation 3 was released, being lighter and thinner than the original version, which notably featured a redesigned logo and marketing design, as well as a minor start-up change in software. A Super Slim variation was then released in late 2012, further refining and redesigning the console. As of March 2016, PlayStation 3 has sold 85 million units worldwide. Its successor, the PlayStation 4, was released later in November 2013. | What version of the PlayStation was released at the end of 2007? | What version of the PlayStation was released at the end of 2007? | [
"What version of the PlayStation was released at the end of 2007?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6290 | 5ad2a174d7d075001a429cd1 | PlayStation_3 | The console was first officially announced at E3 2005, and was released at the end of 2006. It was the first console to use Blu-ray Disc as its primary storage medium. The console was the first PlayStation to integrate social gaming services, included it being the first to introduce Sony's social gaming service, PlayStation Network, and its remote connectivity with PlayStation Portable and PlayStation Vita, being able to remote control the console from the devices. In September 2009, the Slim model of the PlayStation 3 was released, being lighter and thinner than the original version, which notably featured a redesigned logo and marketing design, as well as a minor start-up change in software. A Super Slim variation was then released in late 2012, further refining and redesigning the console. As of March 2016, PlayStation 3 has sold 85 million units worldwide. Its successor, the PlayStation 4, was released later in November 2013. | What was officially announced at E4 2005? | What was officially announced at E4 2005? | [
"What was officially announced at E4 2005?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6291 | 5ad2a174d7d075001a429cd2 | PlayStation_3 | The console was first officially announced at E3 2005, and was released at the end of 2006. It was the first console to use Blu-ray Disc as its primary storage medium. The console was the first PlayStation to integrate social gaming services, included it being the first to introduce Sony's social gaming service, PlayStation Network, and its remote connectivity with PlayStation Portable and PlayStation Vita, being able to remote control the console from the devices. In September 2009, the Slim model of the PlayStation 3 was released, being lighter and thinner than the original version, which notably featured a redesigned logo and marketing design, as well as a minor start-up change in software. A Super Slim variation was then released in late 2012, further refining and redesigning the console. As of March 2016, PlayStation 3 has sold 85 million units worldwide. Its successor, the PlayStation 4, was released later in November 2013. | The Hefty model of the PlayStation 3 was released when? | The Hefty model of the PlayStation 3 was released when? | [
"The Hefty model of the PlayStation 3 was released when?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6292 | 5ad2a174d7d075001a429cd3 | PlayStation_3 | The console was first officially announced at E3 2005, and was released at the end of 2006. It was the first console to use Blu-ray Disc as its primary storage medium. The console was the first PlayStation to integrate social gaming services, included it being the first to introduce Sony's social gaming service, PlayStation Network, and its remote connectivity with PlayStation Portable and PlayStation Vita, being able to remote control the console from the devices. In September 2009, the Slim model of the PlayStation 3 was released, being lighter and thinner than the original version, which notably featured a redesigned logo and marketing design, as well as a minor start-up change in software. A Super Slim variation was then released in late 2012, further refining and redesigning the console. As of March 2016, PlayStation 3 has sold 85 million units worldwide. Its successor, the PlayStation 4, was released later in November 2013. | As of March 2017, PlayStation 3 has sold how many units? | As of March 2017, PlayStation 3 has sold how many units? | [
"As of March 2017, PlayStation 3 has sold how many units?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6293 | 5ad2a174d7d075001a429cd4 | PlayStation_3 | The console was first officially announced at E3 2005, and was released at the end of 2006. It was the first console to use Blu-ray Disc as its primary storage medium. The console was the first PlayStation to integrate social gaming services, included it being the first to introduce Sony's social gaming service, PlayStation Network, and its remote connectivity with PlayStation Portable and PlayStation Vita, being able to remote control the console from the devices. In September 2009, the Slim model of the PlayStation 3 was released, being lighter and thinner than the original version, which notably featured a redesigned logo and marketing design, as well as a minor start-up change in software. A Super Slim variation was then released in late 2012, further refining and redesigning the console. As of March 2016, PlayStation 3 has sold 85 million units worldwide. Its successor, the PlayStation 4, was released later in November 2013. | What was the thinnest version of the PS4 called? | What was the thinnest version of the PS4 called? | [
"What was the thinnest version of the PS4 called?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6294 | 5ad33c1d604f3c001a3fdb71 | PlayStation_3 | The console was first officially announced at E3 2005, and was released at the end of 2006. It was the first console to use Blu-ray Disc as its primary storage medium. The console was the first PlayStation to integrate social gaming services, included it being the first to introduce Sony's social gaming service, PlayStation Network, and its remote connectivity with PlayStation Portable and PlayStation Vita, being able to remote control the console from the devices. In September 2009, the Slim model of the PlayStation 3 was released, being lighter and thinner than the original version, which notably featured a redesigned logo and marketing design, as well as a minor start-up change in software. A Super Slim variation was then released in late 2012, further refining and redesigning the console. As of March 2016, PlayStation 3 has sold 85 million units worldwide. Its successor, the PlayStation 4, was released later in November 2013. | What year was the PlayStation 4 released? | What year was the PlayStation 4 released? | [
"What year was the PlayStation 4 released?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6295 | 5ad33c1d604f3c001a3fdb72 | PlayStation_3 | The console was first officially announced at E3 2005, and was released at the end of 2006. It was the first console to use Blu-ray Disc as its primary storage medium. The console was the first PlayStation to integrate social gaming services, included it being the first to introduce Sony's social gaming service, PlayStation Network, and its remote connectivity with PlayStation Portable and PlayStation Vita, being able to remote control the console from the devices. In September 2009, the Slim model of the PlayStation 3 was released, being lighter and thinner than the original version, which notably featured a redesigned logo and marketing design, as well as a minor start-up change in software. A Super Slim variation was then released in late 2012, further refining and redesigning the console. As of March 2016, PlayStation 3 has sold 85 million units worldwide. Its successor, the PlayStation 4, was released later in November 2013. | What social gaming service was integrated into the PlayStation 4? | What social gaming service was integrated into the PlayStation 4? | [
"What social gaming service was integrated into the PlayStation 4?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6296 | 5ad33c1d604f3c001a3fdb73 | PlayStation_3 | The console was first officially announced at E3 2005, and was released at the end of 2006. It was the first console to use Blu-ray Disc as its primary storage medium. The console was the first PlayStation to integrate social gaming services, included it being the first to introduce Sony's social gaming service, PlayStation Network, and its remote connectivity with PlayStation Portable and PlayStation Vita, being able to remote control the console from the devices. In September 2009, the Slim model of the PlayStation 3 was released, being lighter and thinner than the original version, which notably featured a redesigned logo and marketing design, as well as a minor start-up change in software. A Super Slim variation was then released in late 2012, further refining and redesigning the console. As of March 2016, PlayStation 3 has sold 85 million units worldwide. Its successor, the PlayStation 4, was released later in November 2013. | What was the thicker version of the PS3 called? | What was the thicker version of the PS3 called? | [
"What was the thicker version of the PS3 called?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6297 | 5ad33c1d604f3c001a3fdb74 | PlayStation_3 | The console was first officially announced at E3 2005, and was released at the end of 2006. It was the first console to use Blu-ray Disc as its primary storage medium. The console was the first PlayStation to integrate social gaming services, included it being the first to introduce Sony's social gaming service, PlayStation Network, and its remote connectivity with PlayStation Portable and PlayStation Vita, being able to remote control the console from the devices. In September 2009, the Slim model of the PlayStation 3 was released, being lighter and thinner than the original version, which notably featured a redesigned logo and marketing design, as well as a minor start-up change in software. A Super Slim variation was then released in late 2012, further refining and redesigning the console. As of March 2016, PlayStation 3 has sold 85 million units worldwide. Its successor, the PlayStation 4, was released later in November 2013. | What year did the Super Slim model get cancelled? | What year did the Super Slim model get cancelled? | [
"What year did the Super Slim model get cancelled?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6298 | 5ad33c1d604f3c001a3fdb75 | PlayStation_3 | The console was first officially announced at E3 2005, and was released at the end of 2006. It was the first console to use Blu-ray Disc as its primary storage medium. The console was the first PlayStation to integrate social gaming services, included it being the first to introduce Sony's social gaming service, PlayStation Network, and its remote connectivity with PlayStation Portable and PlayStation Vita, being able to remote control the console from the devices. In September 2009, the Slim model of the PlayStation 3 was released, being lighter and thinner than the original version, which notably featured a redesigned logo and marketing design, as well as a minor start-up change in software. A Super Slim variation was then released in late 2012, further refining and redesigning the console. As of March 2016, PlayStation 3 has sold 85 million units worldwide. Its successor, the PlayStation 4, was released later in November 2013. | How many PlayStation 3 units had been purchased as of early 2015? | How many PlayStation 3 units had been purchased as of early 2015? | [
"How many PlayStation 3 units had been purchased as of early 2015?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6299 | 572805603acd2414000df277 | PlayStation_3 | Sony officially unveiled PlayStation 3 (then marketed as PLAYSTATION 3) to the public on May 16, 2005, at E3 2005, along with a 'boomerang' shaped prototype design of the Sixaxis controller. A functional version of the system was not present there, nor at the Tokyo Game Show in September 2005, although demonstrations (such as Metal Gear Solid 4: Guns of the Patriots) were held at both events on software development kits and comparable personal computer hardware. Video footage based on the predicted PlayStation 3 specifications was also shown (notably a Final Fantasy VII tech demo). | What shape was the Sixaxis prototype in? | What shape was the Sixaxis prototype in? | [
"What shape was the Sixaxis prototype in?"
] | {
"text": [
"boomerang"
],
"answer_start": [
129
]
} |
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