gem_id stringlengths 20 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringlengths 3 59 | context stringlengths 151 3.71k | question stringlengths 1 270 | target stringlengths 1 270 | references list | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-7800 | 5a18e9499aa02b0018605f28 | Iranian_languages | Following the Islamic Conquest of Persia (Iran), there were important changes in the role of the different dialects within the Persian Empire. The old prestige form of Middle Iranian, also known as Pahlavi, was replaced by a new standard dialect called Dari as the official language of the court. The name Dari comes from the word darbâr (دربار), which refers to the royal court, where many of the poets, protagonists, and patrons of the literature flourished. The Saffarid dynasty in particular was the first in a line of many dynasties to officially adopt the new language in 875 CE. Dari may have been heavily influenced by regional dialects of eastern Iran, whereas the earlier Pahlavi standard was based more on western dialects. This new prestige dialect became the basis of Standard New Persian. Medieval Iranian scholars such as Abdullah Ibn al-Muqaffa (8th century) and Ibn al-Nadim (10th century) associated the term "Dari" with the eastern province of Khorasan, while they used the term "Pahlavi" to describe the dialects of the northwestern areas between Isfahan and Azerbaijan, and "Pârsi" ("Persian" proper) to describe the Dialects of Fars. They also noted that the unofficial language of the royalty itself was yet another dialect, "Khuzi", associated with the western province of Khuzestan. | What was the last Dynasty to use Dari | What was the last Dynasty to use Dari | [
"What was the last Dynasty to use Dari"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7801 | 5a18e9499aa02b0018605f29 | Iranian_languages | Following the Islamic Conquest of Persia (Iran), there were important changes in the role of the different dialects within the Persian Empire. The old prestige form of Middle Iranian, also known as Pahlavi, was replaced by a new standard dialect called Dari as the official language of the court. The name Dari comes from the word darbâr (دربار), which refers to the royal court, where many of the poets, protagonists, and patrons of the literature flourished. The Saffarid dynasty in particular was the first in a line of many dynasties to officially adopt the new language in 875 CE. Dari may have been heavily influenced by regional dialects of eastern Iran, whereas the earlier Pahlavi standard was based more on western dialects. This new prestige dialect became the basis of Standard New Persian. Medieval Iranian scholars such as Abdullah Ibn al-Muqaffa (8th century) and Ibn al-Nadim (10th century) associated the term "Dari" with the eastern province of Khorasan, while they used the term "Pahlavi" to describe the dialects of the northwestern areas between Isfahan and Azerbaijan, and "Pârsi" ("Persian" proper) to describe the Dialects of Fars. They also noted that the unofficial language of the royalty itself was yet another dialect, "Khuzi", associated with the western province of Khuzestan. | Who stopped using Dari in 875 CE? | Who stopped using Dari in 875 CE? | [
"Who stopped using Dari in 875 CE?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7802 | 5a18e9499aa02b0018605f2a | Iranian_languages | Following the Islamic Conquest of Persia (Iran), there were important changes in the role of the different dialects within the Persian Empire. The old prestige form of Middle Iranian, also known as Pahlavi, was replaced by a new standard dialect called Dari as the official language of the court. The name Dari comes from the word darbâr (دربار), which refers to the royal court, where many of the poets, protagonists, and patrons of the literature flourished. The Saffarid dynasty in particular was the first in a line of many dynasties to officially adopt the new language in 875 CE. Dari may have been heavily influenced by regional dialects of eastern Iran, whereas the earlier Pahlavi standard was based more on western dialects. This new prestige dialect became the basis of Standard New Persian. Medieval Iranian scholars such as Abdullah Ibn al-Muqaffa (8th century) and Ibn al-Nadim (10th century) associated the term "Dari" with the eastern province of Khorasan, while they used the term "Pahlavi" to describe the dialects of the northwestern areas between Isfahan and Azerbaijan, and "Pârsi" ("Persian" proper) to describe the Dialects of Fars. They also noted that the unofficial language of the royalty itself was yet another dialect, "Khuzi", associated with the western province of Khuzestan. | What was the official dialect of the royalty itself? | What was the official dialect of the royalty itself? | [
"What was the official dialect of the royalty itself?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7803 | 56de0b40cffd8e1900b4b570 | Iranian_languages | The Islamic conquest also brought with it the adoption of Arabic script for writing Persian and much later, Kurdish, Pashto and Balochi. All three were adapted to the writing by the addition of a few letters. This development probably occurred some time during the second half of the 8th century, when the old middle Persian script began dwindling in usage. The Arabic script remains in use in contemporary modern Persian. Tajik script was first Latinised in the 1920s under the then Soviet nationality policy. The script was however subsequently Cyrillicized in the 1930s by the Soviet government. | What was the new form of writing introduced by the spread of Islam? | What was the new form of writing introduced by the spread of Islam? | [
"What was the new form of writing introduced by the spread of Islam?"
] | {
"text": [
"Arabic script"
],
"answer_start": [
58
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7804 | 56de0b40cffd8e1900b4b571 | Iranian_languages | The Islamic conquest also brought with it the adoption of Arabic script for writing Persian and much later, Kurdish, Pashto and Balochi. All three were adapted to the writing by the addition of a few letters. This development probably occurred some time during the second half of the 8th century, when the old middle Persian script began dwindling in usage. The Arabic script remains in use in contemporary modern Persian. Tajik script was first Latinised in the 1920s under the then Soviet nationality policy. The script was however subsequently Cyrillicized in the 1930s by the Soviet government. | When did usage of Middle Persian script fall off? | When did usage of Middle Persian script fall off? | [
"When did usage of Middle Persian script fall off?"
] | {
"text": [
"second half of the 8th century"
],
"answer_start": [
265
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7805 | 56de0b40cffd8e1900b4b572 | Iranian_languages | The Islamic conquest also brought with it the adoption of Arabic script for writing Persian and much later, Kurdish, Pashto and Balochi. All three were adapted to the writing by the addition of a few letters. This development probably occurred some time during the second half of the 8th century, when the old middle Persian script began dwindling in usage. The Arabic script remains in use in contemporary modern Persian. Tajik script was first Latinised in the 1920s under the then Soviet nationality policy. The script was however subsequently Cyrillicized in the 1930s by the Soviet government. | What script was converted to Latin in the 1920s? | What script was converted to Latin in the 1920s? | [
"What script was converted to Latin in the 1920s?"
] | {
"text": [
"Tajik script"
],
"answer_start": [
423
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7806 | 56de0b40cffd8e1900b4b573 | Iranian_languages | The Islamic conquest also brought with it the adoption of Arabic script for writing Persian and much later, Kurdish, Pashto and Balochi. All three were adapted to the writing by the addition of a few letters. This development probably occurred some time during the second half of the 8th century, when the old middle Persian script began dwindling in usage. The Arabic script remains in use in contemporary modern Persian. Tajik script was first Latinised in the 1920s under the then Soviet nationality policy. The script was however subsequently Cyrillicized in the 1930s by the Soviet government. | When was Tajik script converted to Cyrillic? | When was Tajik script converted to Cyrillic? | [
"When was Tajik script converted to Cyrillic?"
] | {
"text": [
"the 1930s"
],
"answer_start": [
563
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7807 | 56de0b40cffd8e1900b4b574 | Iranian_languages | The Islamic conquest also brought with it the adoption of Arabic script for writing Persian and much later, Kurdish, Pashto and Balochi. All three were adapted to the writing by the addition of a few letters. This development probably occurred some time during the second half of the 8th century, when the old middle Persian script began dwindling in usage. The Arabic script remains in use in contemporary modern Persian. Tajik script was first Latinised in the 1920s under the then Soviet nationality policy. The script was however subsequently Cyrillicized in the 1930s by the Soviet government. | Who catalyzed the conversion of Tajik script into Cyrillic? | Who catalyzed the conversion of Tajik script into Cyrillic? | [
"Who catalyzed the conversion of Tajik script into Cyrillic?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Soviet government"
],
"answer_start": [
576
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7808 | 5a18eb359aa02b0018605f30 | Iranian_languages | The Islamic conquest also brought with it the adoption of Arabic script for writing Persian and much later, Kurdish, Pashto and Balochi. All three were adapted to the writing by the addition of a few letters. This development probably occurred some time during the second half of the 8th century, when the old middle Persian script began dwindling in usage. The Arabic script remains in use in contemporary modern Persian. Tajik script was first Latinised in the 1920s under the then Soviet nationality policy. The script was however subsequently Cyrillicized in the 1930s by the Soviet government. | The spread of what religion introduce the Persian script? | The spread of what religion introduce the Persian script? | [
"The spread of what religion introduce the Persian script?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7809 | 5a18eb359aa02b0018605f31 | Iranian_languages | The Islamic conquest also brought with it the adoption of Arabic script for writing Persian and much later, Kurdish, Pashto and Balochi. All three were adapted to the writing by the addition of a few letters. This development probably occurred some time during the second half of the 8th century, when the old middle Persian script began dwindling in usage. The Arabic script remains in use in contemporary modern Persian. Tajik script was first Latinised in the 1920s under the then Soviet nationality policy. The script was however subsequently Cyrillicized in the 1930s by the Soviet government. | When did the use of middle Persian script begin? | When did the use of middle Persian script begin? | [
"When did the use of middle Persian script begin?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7810 | 5a18eb359aa02b0018605f32 | Iranian_languages | The Islamic conquest also brought with it the adoption of Arabic script for writing Persian and much later, Kurdish, Pashto and Balochi. All three were adapted to the writing by the addition of a few letters. This development probably occurred some time during the second half of the 8th century, when the old middle Persian script began dwindling in usage. The Arabic script remains in use in contemporary modern Persian. Tajik script was first Latinised in the 1920s under the then Soviet nationality policy. The script was however subsequently Cyrillicized in the 1930s by the Soviet government. | When was Arabic script converted to Latin? | When was Arabic script converted to Latin? | [
"When was Arabic script converted to Latin?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7811 | 5a18eb359aa02b0018605f33 | Iranian_languages | The Islamic conquest also brought with it the adoption of Arabic script for writing Persian and much later, Kurdish, Pashto and Balochi. All three were adapted to the writing by the addition of a few letters. This development probably occurred some time during the second half of the 8th century, when the old middle Persian script began dwindling in usage. The Arabic script remains in use in contemporary modern Persian. Tajik script was first Latinised in the 1920s under the then Soviet nationality policy. The script was however subsequently Cyrillicized in the 1930s by the Soviet government. | What's began the conversion of Arabic script to Cyrillic? | What's began the conversion of Arabic script to Cyrillic? | [
"What's began the conversion of Arabic script to Cyrillic?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7812 | 56de110e4396321400ee259f | Iranian_languages | The geographical regions in which Iranian languages were spoken were pushed back in several areas by newly neighbouring languages. Arabic spread into some parts of Western Iran (Khuzestan), and Turkic languages spread through much of Central Asia, displacing various Iranian languages such as Sogdian and Bactrian in parts of what is today Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan. In Eastern Europe, mostly comprising the territory of modern-day Ukraine, southern European Russia, and parts of the Balkans, the core region of the native Scythians, Sarmatians, and Alans had been decisively been taken over as a result of absorption and assimilation (e.g. Slavicisation) by the various Proto-Slavic population of the region, by the 6th century AD. This resulted in the displacement and extinction of the once predominant Scythian languages of the region. Sogdian's close relative Yaghnobi barely survives in a small area of the Zarafshan valley east of Samarkand, and Saka as Ossetic in the Caucasus, which is the sole remnant of the once predominant Scythian languages in Eastern Europe proper and large parts of the North Caucasus. Various small Iranian languages in the Pamirs survive that are derived from Eastern Iranian. | What is another term for Western Iran? | What is another term for Western Iran? | [
"What is another term for Western Iran?"
] | {
"text": [
"Khuzestan"
],
"answer_start": [
178
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7813 | 56de110e4396321400ee25a0 | Iranian_languages | The geographical regions in which Iranian languages were spoken were pushed back in several areas by newly neighbouring languages. Arabic spread into some parts of Western Iran (Khuzestan), and Turkic languages spread through much of Central Asia, displacing various Iranian languages such as Sogdian and Bactrian in parts of what is today Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan. In Eastern Europe, mostly comprising the territory of modern-day Ukraine, southern European Russia, and parts of the Balkans, the core region of the native Scythians, Sarmatians, and Alans had been decisively been taken over as a result of absorption and assimilation (e.g. Slavicisation) by the various Proto-Slavic population of the region, by the 6th century AD. This resulted in the displacement and extinction of the once predominant Scythian languages of the region. Sogdian's close relative Yaghnobi barely survives in a small area of the Zarafshan valley east of Samarkand, and Saka as Ossetic in the Caucasus, which is the sole remnant of the once predominant Scythian languages in Eastern Europe proper and large parts of the North Caucasus. Various small Iranian languages in the Pamirs survive that are derived from Eastern Iranian. | What are two languages that were forced out by the spread of Arabic? | What are two languages that were forced out by the spread of Arabic? | [
"What are two languages that were forced out by the spread of Arabic?"
] | {
"text": [
"Sogdian and Bactrian"
],
"answer_start": [
293
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7814 | 56de110e4396321400ee25a1 | Iranian_languages | The geographical regions in which Iranian languages were spoken were pushed back in several areas by newly neighbouring languages. Arabic spread into some parts of Western Iran (Khuzestan), and Turkic languages spread through much of Central Asia, displacing various Iranian languages such as Sogdian and Bactrian in parts of what is today Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan. In Eastern Europe, mostly comprising the territory of modern-day Ukraine, southern European Russia, and parts of the Balkans, the core region of the native Scythians, Sarmatians, and Alans had been decisively been taken over as a result of absorption and assimilation (e.g. Slavicisation) by the various Proto-Slavic population of the region, by the 6th century AD. This resulted in the displacement and extinction of the once predominant Scythian languages of the region. Sogdian's close relative Yaghnobi barely survives in a small area of the Zarafshan valley east of Samarkand, and Saka as Ossetic in the Caucasus, which is the sole remnant of the once predominant Scythian languages in Eastern Europe proper and large parts of the North Caucasus. Various small Iranian languages in the Pamirs survive that are derived from Eastern Iranian. | By what century had the area inhabited by Sarmatians been absorbed by pre-Slavic people? | By what century had the area inhabited by Sarmatians been absorbed by pre-Slavic people? | [
"By what century had the area inhabited by Sarmatians been absorbed by pre-Slavic people?"
] | {
"text": [
"6th century AD"
],
"answer_start": [
731
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7815 | 56de110e4396321400ee25a2 | Iranian_languages | The geographical regions in which Iranian languages were spoken were pushed back in several areas by newly neighbouring languages. Arabic spread into some parts of Western Iran (Khuzestan), and Turkic languages spread through much of Central Asia, displacing various Iranian languages such as Sogdian and Bactrian in parts of what is today Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan. In Eastern Europe, mostly comprising the territory of modern-day Ukraine, southern European Russia, and parts of the Balkans, the core region of the native Scythians, Sarmatians, and Alans had been decisively been taken over as a result of absorption and assimilation (e.g. Slavicisation) by the various Proto-Slavic population of the region, by the 6th century AD. This resulted in the displacement and extinction of the once predominant Scythian languages of the region. Sogdian's close relative Yaghnobi barely survives in a small area of the Zarafshan valley east of Samarkand, and Saka as Ossetic in the Caucasus, which is the sole remnant of the once predominant Scythian languages in Eastern Europe proper and large parts of the North Caucasus. Various small Iranian languages in the Pamirs survive that are derived from Eastern Iranian. | Where can the remnants of Yaghnobi be found? | Where can the remnants of Yaghnobi be found? | [
"Where can the remnants of Yaghnobi be found?"
] | {
"text": [
"Zarafshan valley"
],
"answer_start": [
927
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7816 | 56de110e4396321400ee25a3 | Iranian_languages | The geographical regions in which Iranian languages were spoken were pushed back in several areas by newly neighbouring languages. Arabic spread into some parts of Western Iran (Khuzestan), and Turkic languages spread through much of Central Asia, displacing various Iranian languages such as Sogdian and Bactrian in parts of what is today Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan. In Eastern Europe, mostly comprising the territory of modern-day Ukraine, southern European Russia, and parts of the Balkans, the core region of the native Scythians, Sarmatians, and Alans had been decisively been taken over as a result of absorption and assimilation (e.g. Slavicisation) by the various Proto-Slavic population of the region, by the 6th century AD. This resulted in the displacement and extinction of the once predominant Scythian languages of the region. Sogdian's close relative Yaghnobi barely survives in a small area of the Zarafshan valley east of Samarkand, and Saka as Ossetic in the Caucasus, which is the sole remnant of the once predominant Scythian languages in Eastern Europe proper and large parts of the North Caucasus. Various small Iranian languages in the Pamirs survive that are derived from Eastern Iranian. | Ossetic is a version of which Scythian language? | Ossetic is a version of which Scythian language? | [
"Ossetic is a version of which Scythian language?"
] | {
"text": [
"Saka"
],
"answer_start": [
967
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7817 | 5a18ec869aa02b0018605f38 | Iranian_languages | The geographical regions in which Iranian languages were spoken were pushed back in several areas by newly neighbouring languages. Arabic spread into some parts of Western Iran (Khuzestan), and Turkic languages spread through much of Central Asia, displacing various Iranian languages such as Sogdian and Bactrian in parts of what is today Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan. In Eastern Europe, mostly comprising the territory of modern-day Ukraine, southern European Russia, and parts of the Balkans, the core region of the native Scythians, Sarmatians, and Alans had been decisively been taken over as a result of absorption and assimilation (e.g. Slavicisation) by the various Proto-Slavic population of the region, by the 6th century AD. This resulted in the displacement and extinction of the once predominant Scythian languages of the region. Sogdian's close relative Yaghnobi barely survives in a small area of the Zarafshan valley east of Samarkand, and Saka as Ossetic in the Caucasus, which is the sole remnant of the once predominant Scythian languages in Eastern Europe proper and large parts of the North Caucasus. Various small Iranian languages in the Pamirs survive that are derived from Eastern Iranian. | What language writing to some parts of eastern Iran? | What language writing to some parts of eastern Iran? | [
"What language writing to some parts of eastern Iran?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7818 | 5a18ec869aa02b0018605f39 | Iranian_languages | The geographical regions in which Iranian languages were spoken were pushed back in several areas by newly neighbouring languages. Arabic spread into some parts of Western Iran (Khuzestan), and Turkic languages spread through much of Central Asia, displacing various Iranian languages such as Sogdian and Bactrian in parts of what is today Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan. In Eastern Europe, mostly comprising the territory of modern-day Ukraine, southern European Russia, and parts of the Balkans, the core region of the native Scythians, Sarmatians, and Alans had been decisively been taken over as a result of absorption and assimilation (e.g. Slavicisation) by the various Proto-Slavic population of the region, by the 6th century AD. This resulted in the displacement and extinction of the once predominant Scythian languages of the region. Sogdian's close relative Yaghnobi barely survives in a small area of the Zarafshan valley east of Samarkand, and Saka as Ossetic in the Caucasus, which is the sole remnant of the once predominant Scythian languages in Eastern Europe proper and large parts of the North Caucasus. Various small Iranian languages in the Pamirs survive that are derived from Eastern Iranian. | What two languages grew alongside Arabic? | What two languages grew alongside Arabic? | [
"What two languages grew alongside Arabic?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7819 | 5a18ec869aa02b0018605f3a | Iranian_languages | The geographical regions in which Iranian languages were spoken were pushed back in several areas by newly neighbouring languages. Arabic spread into some parts of Western Iran (Khuzestan), and Turkic languages spread through much of Central Asia, displacing various Iranian languages such as Sogdian and Bactrian in parts of what is today Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan. In Eastern Europe, mostly comprising the territory of modern-day Ukraine, southern European Russia, and parts of the Balkans, the core region of the native Scythians, Sarmatians, and Alans had been decisively been taken over as a result of absorption and assimilation (e.g. Slavicisation) by the various Proto-Slavic population of the region, by the 6th century AD. This resulted in the displacement and extinction of the once predominant Scythian languages of the region. Sogdian's close relative Yaghnobi barely survives in a small area of the Zarafshan valley east of Samarkand, and Saka as Ossetic in the Caucasus, which is the sole remnant of the once predominant Scythian languages in Eastern Europe proper and large parts of the North Caucasus. Various small Iranian languages in the Pamirs survive that are derived from Eastern Iranian. | By what century had the area inhabited by pre-Slavic people been absorbed by the Sarmations? | By what century had the area inhabited by pre-Slavic people been absorbed by the Sarmations? | [
"By what century had the area inhabited by pre-Slavic people been absorbed by the Sarmations?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7820 | 5a18ec869aa02b0018605f3b | Iranian_languages | The geographical regions in which Iranian languages were spoken were pushed back in several areas by newly neighbouring languages. Arabic spread into some parts of Western Iran (Khuzestan), and Turkic languages spread through much of Central Asia, displacing various Iranian languages such as Sogdian and Bactrian in parts of what is today Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan. In Eastern Europe, mostly comprising the territory of modern-day Ukraine, southern European Russia, and parts of the Balkans, the core region of the native Scythians, Sarmatians, and Alans had been decisively been taken over as a result of absorption and assimilation (e.g. Slavicisation) by the various Proto-Slavic population of the region, by the 6th century AD. This resulted in the displacement and extinction of the once predominant Scythian languages of the region. Sogdian's close relative Yaghnobi barely survives in a small area of the Zarafshan valley east of Samarkand, and Saka as Ossetic in the Caucasus, which is the sole remnant of the once predominant Scythian languages in Eastern Europe proper and large parts of the North Caucasus. Various small Iranian languages in the Pamirs survive that are derived from Eastern Iranian. | What small area still speaks Sogdian? | What small area still speaks Sogdian? | [
"What small area still speaks Sogdian?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7821 | 5726113689a1e219009ac1cd | Copyright_infringement | Copyright infringement is the use of works protected by copyright law without permission, infringing certain exclusive rights granted to the copyright holder, such as the right to reproduce, distribute, display or perform the protected work, or to make derivative works. The copyright holder is typically the work's creator, or a publisher or other business to whom copyright has been assigned. Copyright holders routinely invoke legal and technological measures to prevent and penalize copyright infringement. | What are the rights of a content creator that has their work protected? | What are the rights of a content creator that has their work protected? | [
"What are the rights of a content creator that has their work protected?"
] | {
"text": [
"right to reproduce, distribute, display or perform the protected work, or to make derivative works"
],
"answer_start": [
171
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7822 | 5726ce13dd62a815002e90d0 | Copyright_infringement | Copyright infringement is the use of works protected by copyright law without permission, infringing certain exclusive rights granted to the copyright holder, such as the right to reproduce, distribute, display or perform the protected work, or to make derivative works. The copyright holder is typically the work's creator, or a publisher or other business to whom copyright has been assigned. Copyright holders routinely invoke legal and technological measures to prevent and penalize copyright infringement. | How do creators of content protect their work from infringement? | How do creators of content protect their work from infringement? | [
"How do creators of content protect their work from infringement?"
] | {
"text": [
"copyright law"
],
"answer_start": [
56
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7823 | 5726ce13dd62a815002e90d2 | Copyright_infringement | Copyright infringement is the use of works protected by copyright law without permission, infringing certain exclusive rights granted to the copyright holder, such as the right to reproduce, distribute, display or perform the protected work, or to make derivative works. The copyright holder is typically the work's creator, or a publisher or other business to whom copyright has been assigned. Copyright holders routinely invoke legal and technological measures to prevent and penalize copyright infringement. | Who is protected by copyright laws? | Who is protected by copyright laws? | [
"Who is protected by copyright laws?"
] | {
"text": [
"work's creator"
],
"answer_start": [
309
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7824 | 5726ce13dd62a815002e90d3 | Copyright_infringement | Copyright infringement is the use of works protected by copyright law without permission, infringing certain exclusive rights granted to the copyright holder, such as the right to reproduce, distribute, display or perform the protected work, or to make derivative works. The copyright holder is typically the work's creator, or a publisher or other business to whom copyright has been assigned. Copyright holders routinely invoke legal and technological measures to prevent and penalize copyright infringement. | What is it called when someone uploads a video to YouTube without the creators permission? | What is it called when someone uploads a video to YouTube without the creators permission? | [
"What is it called when someone uploads a video to YouTube without the creators permission?"
] | {
"text": [
"copyright infringement"
],
"answer_start": [
487
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7825 | 5726ce13dd62a815002e90d4 | Copyright_infringement | Copyright infringement is the use of works protected by copyright law without permission, infringing certain exclusive rights granted to the copyright holder, such as the right to reproduce, distribute, display or perform the protected work, or to make derivative works. The copyright holder is typically the work's creator, or a publisher or other business to whom copyright has been assigned. Copyright holders routinely invoke legal and technological measures to prevent and penalize copyright infringement. | You wrote a song that was based on an original work, what is this called? | You wrote a song that was based on an original work, what is this called? | [
"You wrote a song that was based on an original work, what is this called?"
] | {
"text": [
"derivative works"
],
"answer_start": [
253
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7826 | 5acfc8f777cf76001a685f7c | Copyright_infringement | Copyright infringement is the use of works protected by copyright law without permission, infringing certain exclusive rights granted to the copyright holder, such as the right to reproduce, distribute, display or perform the protected work, or to make derivative works. The copyright holder is typically the work's creator, or a publisher or other business to whom copyright has been assigned. Copyright holders routinely invoke legal and technological measures to prevent and penalize copyright infringement. | How do creators of content not protect their work from infringement? | How do creators of content not protect their work from infringement? | [
"How do creators of content not protect their work from infringement?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7827 | 5acfc8f777cf76001a685f7d | Copyright_infringement | Copyright infringement is the use of works protected by copyright law without permission, infringing certain exclusive rights granted to the copyright holder, such as the right to reproduce, distribute, display or perform the protected work, or to make derivative works. The copyright holder is typically the work's creator, or a publisher or other business to whom copyright has been assigned. Copyright holders routinely invoke legal and technological measures to prevent and penalize copyright infringement. | What are the rights of a content creator that has their work unprotected? | What are the rights of a content creator that has their work unprotected? | [
"What are the rights of a content creator that has their work unprotected?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7828 | 5acfc8f777cf76001a685f7e | Copyright_infringement | Copyright infringement is the use of works protected by copyright law without permission, infringing certain exclusive rights granted to the copyright holder, such as the right to reproduce, distribute, display or perform the protected work, or to make derivative works. The copyright holder is typically the work's creator, or a publisher or other business to whom copyright has been assigned. Copyright holders routinely invoke legal and technological measures to prevent and penalize copyright infringement. | Who is unprotected by copyright laws? | Who is unprotected by copyright laws? | [
"Who is unprotected by copyright laws?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7829 | 5acfc8f777cf76001a685f7f | Copyright_infringement | Copyright infringement is the use of works protected by copyright law without permission, infringing certain exclusive rights granted to the copyright holder, such as the right to reproduce, distribute, display or perform the protected work, or to make derivative works. The copyright holder is typically the work's creator, or a publisher or other business to whom copyright has been assigned. Copyright holders routinely invoke legal and technological measures to prevent and penalize copyright infringement. | You wrote a song that was based on an unoriginal work, what is this called? | You wrote a song that was based on an unoriginal work, what is this called? | [
"You wrote a song that was based on an unoriginal work, what is this called?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7830 | 5acfc8f777cf76001a685f80 | Copyright_infringement | Copyright infringement is the use of works protected by copyright law without permission, infringing certain exclusive rights granted to the copyright holder, such as the right to reproduce, distribute, display or perform the protected work, or to make derivative works. The copyright holder is typically the work's creator, or a publisher or other business to whom copyright has been assigned. Copyright holders routinely invoke legal and technological measures to prevent and penalize copyright infringement. | What is it called when someone uploads a video to YouTube with the creators permission? | What is it called when someone uploads a video to YouTube with the creators permission? | [
"What is it called when someone uploads a video to YouTube with the creators permission?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7831 | 5726199989a1e219009ac25a | Copyright_infringement | Copyright infringement disputes are usually resolved through direct negotiation, a notice and take down process, or litigation in civil court. Egregious or large-scale commercial infringement, especially when it involves counterfeiting, is sometimes prosecuted via the criminal justice system. Shifting public expectations, advances in digital technology, and the increasing reach of the Internet have led to such widespread, anonymous infringement that copyright-dependent industries now focus less on pursuing individuals who seek and share copyright-protected content online, and more on expanding copyright law to recognize and penalize – as "indirect" infringers – the service providers and software distributors which are said to facilitate and encourage individual acts of infringement by others. | How are disputes resolved for small scale infringement? | How are disputes resolved for small scale infringement? | [
"How are disputes resolved for small scale infringement?"
] | {
"text": [
"direct negotiation, a notice and take down process, or litigation in civil court"
],
"answer_start": [
61
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7832 | 5726199989a1e219009ac25b | Copyright_infringement | Copyright infringement disputes are usually resolved through direct negotiation, a notice and take down process, or litigation in civil court. Egregious or large-scale commercial infringement, especially when it involves counterfeiting, is sometimes prosecuted via the criminal justice system. Shifting public expectations, advances in digital technology, and the increasing reach of the Internet have led to such widespread, anonymous infringement that copyright-dependent industries now focus less on pursuing individuals who seek and share copyright-protected content online, and more on expanding copyright law to recognize and penalize – as "indirect" infringers – the service providers and software distributors which are said to facilitate and encourage individual acts of infringement by others. | Why has copyright infringement increased recently? | Why has copyright infringement increased recently? | [
"Why has copyright infringement increased recently?"
] | {
"text": [
"Shifting public expectations, advances in digital technology, and the increasing reach of the Internet"
],
"answer_start": [
294
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7833 | 5726199989a1e219009ac25e | Copyright_infringement | Copyright infringement disputes are usually resolved through direct negotiation, a notice and take down process, or litigation in civil court. Egregious or large-scale commercial infringement, especially when it involves counterfeiting, is sometimes prosecuted via the criminal justice system. Shifting public expectations, advances in digital technology, and the increasing reach of the Internet have led to such widespread, anonymous infringement that copyright-dependent industries now focus less on pursuing individuals who seek and share copyright-protected content online, and more on expanding copyright law to recognize and penalize – as "indirect" infringers – the service providers and software distributors which are said to facilitate and encourage individual acts of infringement by others. | What are two examples of groups that allow you to make copies of protected works? | What are two examples of groups that allow you to make copies of protected works? | [
"What are two examples of groups that allow you to make copies of protected works?"
] | {
"text": [
"service providers and software distributors"
],
"answer_start": [
674
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7834 | 5726cfd6dd62a815002e9104 | Copyright_infringement | Copyright infringement disputes are usually resolved through direct negotiation, a notice and take down process, or litigation in civil court. Egregious or large-scale commercial infringement, especially when it involves counterfeiting, is sometimes prosecuted via the criminal justice system. Shifting public expectations, advances in digital technology, and the increasing reach of the Internet have led to such widespread, anonymous infringement that copyright-dependent industries now focus less on pursuing individuals who seek and share copyright-protected content online, and more on expanding copyright law to recognize and penalize – as "indirect" infringers – the service providers and software distributors which are said to facilitate and encourage individual acts of infringement by others. | What are content creation industries focusing on doing to prevent infringement? | What are content creation industries focusing on doing to prevent infringement? | [
"What are content creation industries focusing on doing to prevent infringement?"
] | {
"text": [
"expanding copyright law"
],
"answer_start": [
591
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7835 | 5726cfd6dd62a815002e9105 | Copyright_infringement | Copyright infringement disputes are usually resolved through direct negotiation, a notice and take down process, or litigation in civil court. Egregious or large-scale commercial infringement, especially when it involves counterfeiting, is sometimes prosecuted via the criminal justice system. Shifting public expectations, advances in digital technology, and the increasing reach of the Internet have led to such widespread, anonymous infringement that copyright-dependent industries now focus less on pursuing individuals who seek and share copyright-protected content online, and more on expanding copyright law to recognize and penalize – as "indirect" infringers – the service providers and software distributors which are said to facilitate and encourage individual acts of infringement by others. | What can happen to people who commit copyright infringement on a mass-scale? | What can happen to people who commit copyright infringement on a mass-scale? | [
"What can happen to people who commit copyright infringement on a mass-scale?"
] | {
"text": [
"prosecuted via the criminal justice system"
],
"answer_start": [
250
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7836 | 5726cfd6dd62a815002e9106 | Copyright_infringement | Copyright infringement disputes are usually resolved through direct negotiation, a notice and take down process, or litigation in civil court. Egregious or large-scale commercial infringement, especially when it involves counterfeiting, is sometimes prosecuted via the criminal justice system. Shifting public expectations, advances in digital technology, and the increasing reach of the Internet have led to such widespread, anonymous infringement that copyright-dependent industries now focus less on pursuing individuals who seek and share copyright-protected content online, and more on expanding copyright law to recognize and penalize – as "indirect" infringers – the service providers and software distributors which are said to facilitate and encourage individual acts of infringement by others. | What are two examples of groups that allow you to obtain copies of protected works? | What are two examples of groups that allow you to obtain copies of protected works? | [
"What are two examples of groups that allow you to obtain copies of protected works?"
] | {
"text": [
"service providers and software distributors"
],
"answer_start": [
674
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7837 | 5acfc97977cf76001a685f9a | Copyright_infringement | Copyright infringement disputes are usually resolved through direct negotiation, a notice and take down process, or litigation in civil court. Egregious or large-scale commercial infringement, especially when it involves counterfeiting, is sometimes prosecuted via the criminal justice system. Shifting public expectations, advances in digital technology, and the increasing reach of the Internet have led to such widespread, anonymous infringement that copyright-dependent industries now focus less on pursuing individuals who seek and share copyright-protected content online, and more on expanding copyright law to recognize and penalize – as "indirect" infringers – the service providers and software distributors which are said to facilitate and encourage individual acts of infringement by others. | How are disputes unresolved for small scale infringement? | How are disputes unresolved for small scale infringement? | [
"How are disputes unresolved for small scale infringement?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7838 | 5acfc97977cf76001a685f9b | Copyright_infringement | Copyright infringement disputes are usually resolved through direct negotiation, a notice and take down process, or litigation in civil court. Egregious or large-scale commercial infringement, especially when it involves counterfeiting, is sometimes prosecuted via the criminal justice system. Shifting public expectations, advances in digital technology, and the increasing reach of the Internet have led to such widespread, anonymous infringement that copyright-dependent industries now focus less on pursuing individuals who seek and share copyright-protected content online, and more on expanding copyright law to recognize and penalize – as "indirect" infringers – the service providers and software distributors which are said to facilitate and encourage individual acts of infringement by others. | Why has copyright infringement decreased recently? | Why has copyright infringement decreased recently? | [
"Why has copyright infringement decreased recently?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7839 | 5acfc97977cf76001a685f9c | Copyright_infringement | Copyright infringement disputes are usually resolved through direct negotiation, a notice and take down process, or litigation in civil court. Egregious or large-scale commercial infringement, especially when it involves counterfeiting, is sometimes prosecuted via the criminal justice system. Shifting public expectations, advances in digital technology, and the increasing reach of the Internet have led to such widespread, anonymous infringement that copyright-dependent industries now focus less on pursuing individuals who seek and share copyright-protected content online, and more on expanding copyright law to recognize and penalize – as "indirect" infringers – the service providers and software distributors which are said to facilitate and encourage individual acts of infringement by others. | What are content creation industries focusing on doing to aid infringement? | What are content creation industries focusing on doing to aid infringement? | [
"What are content creation industries focusing on doing to aid infringement?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7840 | 5acfc97977cf76001a685f9d | Copyright_infringement | Copyright infringement disputes are usually resolved through direct negotiation, a notice and take down process, or litigation in civil court. Egregious or large-scale commercial infringement, especially when it involves counterfeiting, is sometimes prosecuted via the criminal justice system. Shifting public expectations, advances in digital technology, and the increasing reach of the Internet have led to such widespread, anonymous infringement that copyright-dependent industries now focus less on pursuing individuals who seek and share copyright-protected content online, and more on expanding copyright law to recognize and penalize – as "indirect" infringers – the service providers and software distributors which are said to facilitate and encourage individual acts of infringement by others. | What can't happen to people who commit copyright infringement on a mass-scale? | What can't happen to people who commit copyright infringement on a mass-scale? | [
"What can't happen to people who commit copyright infringement on a mass-scale?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7841 | 5acfc97977cf76001a685f9e | Copyright_infringement | Copyright infringement disputes are usually resolved through direct negotiation, a notice and take down process, or litigation in civil court. Egregious or large-scale commercial infringement, especially when it involves counterfeiting, is sometimes prosecuted via the criminal justice system. Shifting public expectations, advances in digital technology, and the increasing reach of the Internet have led to such widespread, anonymous infringement that copyright-dependent industries now focus less on pursuing individuals who seek and share copyright-protected content online, and more on expanding copyright law to recognize and penalize – as "indirect" infringers – the service providers and software distributors which are said to facilitate and encourage individual acts of infringement by others. | What are two examples of groups that disallow you to make copies of protected works? | What are two examples of groups that disallow you to make copies of protected works? | [
"What are two examples of groups that disallow you to make copies of protected works?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7842 | 5726d0385951b619008f7ec1 | Copyright_infringement | The terms piracy and theft are often associated with copyright infringement. The original meaning of piracy is "robbery or illegal violence at sea", but the term has been in use for centuries as a synonym for acts of copyright infringement. Theft, meanwhile, emphasizes the potential commercial harm of infringement to copyright holders. However, copyright is a type of intellectual property, an area of law distinct from that which covers robbery or theft, offenses related only to tangible property. Not all copyright infringement results in commercial loss, and the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in 1985 that infringement does not easily equate with theft. | What terms are often linked to people who illegally use or distribute content that is not their own? | What terms are often linked to people who illegally use or distribute content that is not their own? | [
"What terms are often linked to people who illegally use or distribute content that is not their own?"
] | {
"text": [
"piracy and theft"
],
"answer_start": [
10
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7843 | 5726d0385951b619008f7ec2 | Copyright_infringement | The terms piracy and theft are often associated with copyright infringement. The original meaning of piracy is "robbery or illegal violence at sea", but the term has been in use for centuries as a synonym for acts of copyright infringement. Theft, meanwhile, emphasizes the potential commercial harm of infringement to copyright holders. However, copyright is a type of intellectual property, an area of law distinct from that which covers robbery or theft, offenses related only to tangible property. Not all copyright infringement results in commercial loss, and the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in 1985 that infringement does not easily equate with theft. | What means the same as robbery or illegal violence at sea? | What means the same as robbery or illegal violence at sea? | [
"What means the same as robbery or illegal violence at sea?"
] | {
"text": [
"piracy"
],
"answer_start": [
101
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7844 | 5726d0385951b619008f7ec3 | Copyright_infringement | The terms piracy and theft are often associated with copyright infringement. The original meaning of piracy is "robbery or illegal violence at sea", but the term has been in use for centuries as a synonym for acts of copyright infringement. Theft, meanwhile, emphasizes the potential commercial harm of infringement to copyright holders. However, copyright is a type of intellectual property, an area of law distinct from that which covers robbery or theft, offenses related only to tangible property. Not all copyright infringement results in commercial loss, and the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in 1985 that infringement does not easily equate with theft. | What kind of property is copyright used for? | What kind of property is copyright used for? | [
"What kind of property is copyright used for?"
] | {
"text": [
"intellectual property"
],
"answer_start": [
370
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7845 | 5726d0385951b619008f7ec4 | Copyright_infringement | The terms piracy and theft are often associated with copyright infringement. The original meaning of piracy is "robbery or illegal violence at sea", but the term has been in use for centuries as a synonym for acts of copyright infringement. Theft, meanwhile, emphasizes the potential commercial harm of infringement to copyright holders. However, copyright is a type of intellectual property, an area of law distinct from that which covers robbery or theft, offenses related only to tangible property. Not all copyright infringement results in commercial loss, and the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in 1985 that infringement does not easily equate with theft. | What is the difference between robbery and piracy? | What is the difference between robbery and piracy? | [
"What is the difference between robbery and piracy?"
] | {
"text": [
"related only to tangible property"
],
"answer_start": [
467
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7846 | 5726d0385951b619008f7ec5 | Copyright_infringement | The terms piracy and theft are often associated with copyright infringement. The original meaning of piracy is "robbery or illegal violence at sea", but the term has been in use for centuries as a synonym for acts of copyright infringement. Theft, meanwhile, emphasizes the potential commercial harm of infringement to copyright holders. However, copyright is a type of intellectual property, an area of law distinct from that which covers robbery or theft, offenses related only to tangible property. Not all copyright infringement results in commercial loss, and the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in 1985 that infringement does not easily equate with theft. | In the 1980's, the Supreme Court ruled that infringement does not equal what? | In the 1980's, the Supreme Court ruled that infringement does not equal what? | [
"In the 1980's, the Supreme Court ruled that infringement does not equal what?"
] | {
"text": [
"theft"
],
"answer_start": [
648
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7847 | 5acfca0c77cf76001a685fcc | Copyright_infringement | The terms piracy and theft are often associated with copyright infringement. The original meaning of piracy is "robbery or illegal violence at sea", but the term has been in use for centuries as a synonym for acts of copyright infringement. Theft, meanwhile, emphasizes the potential commercial harm of infringement to copyright holders. However, copyright is a type of intellectual property, an area of law distinct from that which covers robbery or theft, offenses related only to tangible property. Not all copyright infringement results in commercial loss, and the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in 1985 that infringement does not easily equate with theft. | What terms are often linked to people who legally use or distribute content that is not their own? | What terms are often linked to people who legally use or distribute content that is not their own? | [
"What terms are often linked to people who legally use or distribute content that is not their own?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7848 | 5acfca0c77cf76001a685fcd | Copyright_infringement | The terms piracy and theft are often associated with copyright infringement. The original meaning of piracy is "robbery or illegal violence at sea", but the term has been in use for centuries as a synonym for acts of copyright infringement. Theft, meanwhile, emphasizes the potential commercial harm of infringement to copyright holders. However, copyright is a type of intellectual property, an area of law distinct from that which covers robbery or theft, offenses related only to tangible property. Not all copyright infringement results in commercial loss, and the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in 1985 that infringement does not easily equate with theft. | What doesn't mean the same as robbery or illegal violence at sea? | What doesn't mean the same as robbery or illegal violence at sea? | [
"What doesn't mean the same as robbery or illegal violence at sea?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7849 | 5acfca0c77cf76001a685fce | Copyright_infringement | The terms piracy and theft are often associated with copyright infringement. The original meaning of piracy is "robbery or illegal violence at sea", but the term has been in use for centuries as a synonym for acts of copyright infringement. Theft, meanwhile, emphasizes the potential commercial harm of infringement to copyright holders. However, copyright is a type of intellectual property, an area of law distinct from that which covers robbery or theft, offenses related only to tangible property. Not all copyright infringement results in commercial loss, and the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in 1985 that infringement does not easily equate with theft. | What kind of property is copyright not used for? | What kind of property is copyright not used for? | [
"What kind of property is copyright not used for?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7850 | 5acfca0c77cf76001a685fcf | Copyright_infringement | The terms piracy and theft are often associated with copyright infringement. The original meaning of piracy is "robbery or illegal violence at sea", but the term has been in use for centuries as a synonym for acts of copyright infringement. Theft, meanwhile, emphasizes the potential commercial harm of infringement to copyright holders. However, copyright is a type of intellectual property, an area of law distinct from that which covers robbery or theft, offenses related only to tangible property. Not all copyright infringement results in commercial loss, and the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in 1985 that infringement does not easily equate with theft. | What is the same about robbery and piracy? | What is the same about robbery and piracy? | [
"What is the same about robbery and piracy?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7851 | 5acfca0c77cf76001a685fd0 | Copyright_infringement | The terms piracy and theft are often associated with copyright infringement. The original meaning of piracy is "robbery or illegal violence at sea", but the term has been in use for centuries as a synonym for acts of copyright infringement. Theft, meanwhile, emphasizes the potential commercial harm of infringement to copyright holders. However, copyright is a type of intellectual property, an area of law distinct from that which covers robbery or theft, offenses related only to tangible property. Not all copyright infringement results in commercial loss, and the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in 1985 that infringement does not easily equate with theft. | In the 1980's, the Supreme Court ruled that infringement equals what? | In the 1980's, the Supreme Court ruled that infringement equals what? | [
"In the 1980's, the Supreme Court ruled that infringement equals what?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7852 | 5726d0935951b619008f7edb | Copyright_infringement | The practice of labelling the infringement of exclusive rights in creative works as "piracy" predates statutory copyright law. Prior to the Statute of Anne in 1710, the Stationers' Company of London in 1557, received a Royal Charter giving the company a monopoly on publication and tasking it with enforcing the charter. Those who violated the charter were labelled pirates as early as 1603. The term "piracy" has been used to refer to the unauthorized copying, distribution and selling of works in copyright. Article 12 of the 1886 Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works uses the term "piracy" in relation to copyright infringement, stating "Pirated works may be seized on importation into those countries of the Union where the original work enjoys legal protection." Article 61 of the 1994 Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPs) requires criminal procedures and penalties in cases of "willful trademark counterfeiting or copyright piracy on a commercial scale." Piracy traditionally refers to acts of copyright infringement intentionally committed for financial gain, though more recently, copyright holders have described online copyright infringement, particularly in relation to peer-to-peer file sharing networks, as "piracy." | What did the Royal Charter give to the Stationers' Company of London? | What did the Royal Charter give to the Stationers' Company of London? | [
"What did the Royal Charter give to the Stationers' Company of London?"
] | {
"text": [
"monopoly on publication and tasking it with enforcing the charter"
],
"answer_start": [
254
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7853 | 5726d0935951b619008f7edc | Copyright_infringement | The practice of labelling the infringement of exclusive rights in creative works as "piracy" predates statutory copyright law. Prior to the Statute of Anne in 1710, the Stationers' Company of London in 1557, received a Royal Charter giving the company a monopoly on publication and tasking it with enforcing the charter. Those who violated the charter were labelled pirates as early as 1603. The term "piracy" has been used to refer to the unauthorized copying, distribution and selling of works in copyright. Article 12 of the 1886 Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works uses the term "piracy" in relation to copyright infringement, stating "Pirated works may be seized on importation into those countries of the Union where the original work enjoys legal protection." Article 61 of the 1994 Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPs) requires criminal procedures and penalties in cases of "willful trademark counterfeiting or copyright piracy on a commercial scale." Piracy traditionally refers to acts of copyright infringement intentionally committed for financial gain, though more recently, copyright holders have described online copyright infringement, particularly in relation to peer-to-peer file sharing networks, as "piracy." | How does Article 12 of the 1886 Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works use the term piracy? | How does Article 12 of the 1886 Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works use the term piracy? | [
"How does Article 12 of the 1886 Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works use the term piracy?"
] | {
"text": [
"in relation to copyright infringement"
],
"answer_start": [
623
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7854 | 5726d0935951b619008f7edd | Copyright_infringement | The practice of labelling the infringement of exclusive rights in creative works as "piracy" predates statutory copyright law. Prior to the Statute of Anne in 1710, the Stationers' Company of London in 1557, received a Royal Charter giving the company a monopoly on publication and tasking it with enforcing the charter. Those who violated the charter were labelled pirates as early as 1603. The term "piracy" has been used to refer to the unauthorized copying, distribution and selling of works in copyright. Article 12 of the 1886 Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works uses the term "piracy" in relation to copyright infringement, stating "Pirated works may be seized on importation into those countries of the Union where the original work enjoys legal protection." Article 61 of the 1994 Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPs) requires criminal procedures and penalties in cases of "willful trademark counterfeiting or copyright piracy on a commercial scale." Piracy traditionally refers to acts of copyright infringement intentionally committed for financial gain, though more recently, copyright holders have described online copyright infringement, particularly in relation to peer-to-peer file sharing networks, as "piracy." | What would happen if you imported a copyrighted work into a country where the original is protected by copyright law? | What would happen if you imported a copyrighted work into a country where the original is protected by copyright law? | [
"What would happen if you imported a copyrighted work into a country where the original is protected by copyright law?"
] | {
"text": [
"seized on importation"
],
"answer_start": [
692
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7855 | 5726d0935951b619008f7ede | Copyright_infringement | The practice of labelling the infringement of exclusive rights in creative works as "piracy" predates statutory copyright law. Prior to the Statute of Anne in 1710, the Stationers' Company of London in 1557, received a Royal Charter giving the company a monopoly on publication and tasking it with enforcing the charter. Those who violated the charter were labelled pirates as early as 1603. The term "piracy" has been used to refer to the unauthorized copying, distribution and selling of works in copyright. Article 12 of the 1886 Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works uses the term "piracy" in relation to copyright infringement, stating "Pirated works may be seized on importation into those countries of the Union where the original work enjoys legal protection." Article 61 of the 1994 Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPs) requires criminal procedures and penalties in cases of "willful trademark counterfeiting or copyright piracy on a commercial scale." Piracy traditionally refers to acts of copyright infringement intentionally committed for financial gain, though more recently, copyright holders have described online copyright infringement, particularly in relation to peer-to-peer file sharing networks, as "piracy." | When was the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights enacted? | When was the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights enacted? | [
"When was the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights enacted?"
] | {
"text": [
"1994"
],
"answer_start": [
816
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7856 | 5726d0935951b619008f7edf | Copyright_infringement | The practice of labelling the infringement of exclusive rights in creative works as "piracy" predates statutory copyright law. Prior to the Statute of Anne in 1710, the Stationers' Company of London in 1557, received a Royal Charter giving the company a monopoly on publication and tasking it with enforcing the charter. Those who violated the charter were labelled pirates as early as 1603. The term "piracy" has been used to refer to the unauthorized copying, distribution and selling of works in copyright. Article 12 of the 1886 Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works uses the term "piracy" in relation to copyright infringement, stating "Pirated works may be seized on importation into those countries of the Union where the original work enjoys legal protection." Article 61 of the 1994 Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPs) requires criminal procedures and penalties in cases of "willful trademark counterfeiting or copyright piracy on a commercial scale." Piracy traditionally refers to acts of copyright infringement intentionally committed for financial gain, though more recently, copyright holders have described online copyright infringement, particularly in relation to peer-to-peer file sharing networks, as "piracy." | Piracy has been more recently described online in relation to what? | Piracy has been more recently described online in relation to what? | [
"Piracy has been more recently described online in relation to what?"
] | {
"text": [
"peer-to-peer file sharing networks"
],
"answer_start": [
1249
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7857 | 5acfca7977cf76001a686004 | Copyright_infringement | The practice of labelling the infringement of exclusive rights in creative works as "piracy" predates statutory copyright law. Prior to the Statute of Anne in 1710, the Stationers' Company of London in 1557, received a Royal Charter giving the company a monopoly on publication and tasking it with enforcing the charter. Those who violated the charter were labelled pirates as early as 1603. The term "piracy" has been used to refer to the unauthorized copying, distribution and selling of works in copyright. Article 12 of the 1886 Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works uses the term "piracy" in relation to copyright infringement, stating "Pirated works may be seized on importation into those countries of the Union where the original work enjoys legal protection." Article 61 of the 1994 Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPs) requires criminal procedures and penalties in cases of "willful trademark counterfeiting or copyright piracy on a commercial scale." Piracy traditionally refers to acts of copyright infringement intentionally committed for financial gain, though more recently, copyright holders have described online copyright infringement, particularly in relation to peer-to-peer file sharing networks, as "piracy." | What did the Royal Charter not give to the Stationers' Company of London? | What did the Royal Charter not give to the Stationers' Company of London? | [
"What did the Royal Charter not give to the Stationers' Company of London?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7858 | 5acfca7977cf76001a686005 | Copyright_infringement | The practice of labelling the infringement of exclusive rights in creative works as "piracy" predates statutory copyright law. Prior to the Statute of Anne in 1710, the Stationers' Company of London in 1557, received a Royal Charter giving the company a monopoly on publication and tasking it with enforcing the charter. Those who violated the charter were labelled pirates as early as 1603. The term "piracy" has been used to refer to the unauthorized copying, distribution and selling of works in copyright. Article 12 of the 1886 Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works uses the term "piracy" in relation to copyright infringement, stating "Pirated works may be seized on importation into those countries of the Union where the original work enjoys legal protection." Article 61 of the 1994 Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPs) requires criminal procedures and penalties in cases of "willful trademark counterfeiting or copyright piracy on a commercial scale." Piracy traditionally refers to acts of copyright infringement intentionally committed for financial gain, though more recently, copyright holders have described online copyright infringement, particularly in relation to peer-to-peer file sharing networks, as "piracy." | How does Article 21 of the 1886 Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works use the term piracy? | How does Article 21 of the 1886 Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works use the term piracy? | [
"How does Article 21 of the 1886 Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works use the term piracy?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7859 | 5acfca7977cf76001a686006 | Copyright_infringement | The practice of labelling the infringement of exclusive rights in creative works as "piracy" predates statutory copyright law. Prior to the Statute of Anne in 1710, the Stationers' Company of London in 1557, received a Royal Charter giving the company a monopoly on publication and tasking it with enforcing the charter. Those who violated the charter were labelled pirates as early as 1603. The term "piracy" has been used to refer to the unauthorized copying, distribution and selling of works in copyright. Article 12 of the 1886 Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works uses the term "piracy" in relation to copyright infringement, stating "Pirated works may be seized on importation into those countries of the Union where the original work enjoys legal protection." Article 61 of the 1994 Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPs) requires criminal procedures and penalties in cases of "willful trademark counterfeiting or copyright piracy on a commercial scale." Piracy traditionally refers to acts of copyright infringement intentionally committed for financial gain, though more recently, copyright holders have described online copyright infringement, particularly in relation to peer-to-peer file sharing networks, as "piracy." | What would happen if you imported a copyrighted work into a country where the original isn't protected by copyright law? | What would happen if you imported a copyrighted work into a country where the original isn't protected by copyright law? | [
"What would happen if you imported a copyrighted work into a country where the original isn't protected by copyright law?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7860 | 5acfca7977cf76001a686007 | Copyright_infringement | The practice of labelling the infringement of exclusive rights in creative works as "piracy" predates statutory copyright law. Prior to the Statute of Anne in 1710, the Stationers' Company of London in 1557, received a Royal Charter giving the company a monopoly on publication and tasking it with enforcing the charter. Those who violated the charter were labelled pirates as early as 1603. The term "piracy" has been used to refer to the unauthorized copying, distribution and selling of works in copyright. Article 12 of the 1886 Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works uses the term "piracy" in relation to copyright infringement, stating "Pirated works may be seized on importation into those countries of the Union where the original work enjoys legal protection." Article 61 of the 1994 Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPs) requires criminal procedures and penalties in cases of "willful trademark counterfeiting or copyright piracy on a commercial scale." Piracy traditionally refers to acts of copyright infringement intentionally committed for financial gain, though more recently, copyright holders have described online copyright infringement, particularly in relation to peer-to-peer file sharing networks, as "piracy." | When was the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights repealed? | When was the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights repealed? | [
"When was the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights repealed?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7861 | 5acfca7977cf76001a686008 | Copyright_infringement | The practice of labelling the infringement of exclusive rights in creative works as "piracy" predates statutory copyright law. Prior to the Statute of Anne in 1710, the Stationers' Company of London in 1557, received a Royal Charter giving the company a monopoly on publication and tasking it with enforcing the charter. Those who violated the charter were labelled pirates as early as 1603. The term "piracy" has been used to refer to the unauthorized copying, distribution and selling of works in copyright. Article 12 of the 1886 Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works uses the term "piracy" in relation to copyright infringement, stating "Pirated works may be seized on importation into those countries of the Union where the original work enjoys legal protection." Article 61 of the 1994 Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPs) requires criminal procedures and penalties in cases of "willful trademark counterfeiting or copyright piracy on a commercial scale." Piracy traditionally refers to acts of copyright infringement intentionally committed for financial gain, though more recently, copyright holders have described online copyright infringement, particularly in relation to peer-to-peer file sharing networks, as "piracy." | Piracy has been less recently described online in relation to what? | Piracy has been less recently described online in relation to what? | [
"Piracy has been less recently described online in relation to what?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7862 | 5726d0f55951b619008f7ee5 | Copyright_infringement | Copyright holders frequently refer to copyright infringement as theft. In copyright law, infringement does not refer to theft of physical objects that take away the owner's possession, but an instance where a person exercises one of the exclusive rights of the copyright holder without authorization. Courts have distinguished between copyright infringement and theft. For instance, the United States Supreme Court held in Dowling v. United States (1985) that bootleg phonorecords did not constitute stolen property. Instead, "interference with copyright does not easily equate with theft, conversion, or fraud. The Copyright Act even employs a separate term of art to define one who misappropriates a copyright: '[...] an infringer of the copyright.'" The court said that in the case of copyright infringement, the province guaranteed to the copyright holder by copyright law – certain exclusive rights – is invaded, but no control, physical or otherwise, is taken over the copyright, nor is the copyright holder wholly deprived of using the copyrighted work or exercising the exclusive rights held. | When you are accused theft as it relates to copyright law, you are exercising exclusive rights without what? | When you are accused theft as it relates to copyright law, you are exercising exclusive rights without what? | [
"When you are accused theft as it relates to copyright law, you are exercising exclusive rights without what?"
] | {
"text": [
"authorization"
],
"answer_start": [
286
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7863 | 5726d0f55951b619008f7ee6 | Copyright_infringement | Copyright holders frequently refer to copyright infringement as theft. In copyright law, infringement does not refer to theft of physical objects that take away the owner's possession, but an instance where a person exercises one of the exclusive rights of the copyright holder without authorization. Courts have distinguished between copyright infringement and theft. For instance, the United States Supreme Court held in Dowling v. United States (1985) that bootleg phonorecords did not constitute stolen property. Instead, "interference with copyright does not easily equate with theft, conversion, or fraud. The Copyright Act even employs a separate term of art to define one who misappropriates a copyright: '[...] an infringer of the copyright.'" The court said that in the case of copyright infringement, the province guaranteed to the copyright holder by copyright law – certain exclusive rights – is invaded, but no control, physical or otherwise, is taken over the copyright, nor is the copyright holder wholly deprived of using the copyrighted work or exercising the exclusive rights held. | What have courts said there is a difference between? | What have courts said there is a difference between? | [
"What have courts said there is a difference between?"
] | {
"text": [
"copyright infringement and theft"
],
"answer_start": [
335
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7864 | 5726d0f55951b619008f7ee7 | Copyright_infringement | Copyright holders frequently refer to copyright infringement as theft. In copyright law, infringement does not refer to theft of physical objects that take away the owner's possession, but an instance where a person exercises one of the exclusive rights of the copyright holder without authorization. Courts have distinguished between copyright infringement and theft. For instance, the United States Supreme Court held in Dowling v. United States (1985) that bootleg phonorecords did not constitute stolen property. Instead, "interference with copyright does not easily equate with theft, conversion, or fraud. The Copyright Act even employs a separate term of art to define one who misappropriates a copyright: '[...] an infringer of the copyright.'" The court said that in the case of copyright infringement, the province guaranteed to the copyright holder by copyright law – certain exclusive rights – is invaded, but no control, physical or otherwise, is taken over the copyright, nor is the copyright holder wholly deprived of using the copyrighted work or exercising the exclusive rights held. | In Dowling v. United States, what did bootleg records NOT constitute? | In Dowling v. United States, what did bootleg records NOT constitute? | [
"In Dowling v. United States, what did bootleg records NOT constitute?"
] | {
"text": [
"theft, conversion, or fraud"
],
"answer_start": [
583
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7865 | 5726d0f55951b619008f7ee8 | Copyright_infringement | Copyright holders frequently refer to copyright infringement as theft. In copyright law, infringement does not refer to theft of physical objects that take away the owner's possession, but an instance where a person exercises one of the exclusive rights of the copyright holder without authorization. Courts have distinguished between copyright infringement and theft. For instance, the United States Supreme Court held in Dowling v. United States (1985) that bootleg phonorecords did not constitute stolen property. Instead, "interference with copyright does not easily equate with theft, conversion, or fraud. The Copyright Act even employs a separate term of art to define one who misappropriates a copyright: '[...] an infringer of the copyright.'" The court said that in the case of copyright infringement, the province guaranteed to the copyright holder by copyright law – certain exclusive rights – is invaded, but no control, physical or otherwise, is taken over the copyright, nor is the copyright holder wholly deprived of using the copyrighted work or exercising the exclusive rights held. | What is the separate term of art to define misappropriation of copyright? | What is the separate term of art to define misappropriation of copyright? | [
"What is the separate term of art to define misappropriation of copyright?"
] | {
"text": [
"The Copyright Act"
],
"answer_start": [
612
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7866 | 5726d0f55951b619008f7ee9 | Copyright_infringement | Copyright holders frequently refer to copyright infringement as theft. In copyright law, infringement does not refer to theft of physical objects that take away the owner's possession, but an instance where a person exercises one of the exclusive rights of the copyright holder without authorization. Courts have distinguished between copyright infringement and theft. For instance, the United States Supreme Court held in Dowling v. United States (1985) that bootleg phonorecords did not constitute stolen property. Instead, "interference with copyright does not easily equate with theft, conversion, or fraud. The Copyright Act even employs a separate term of art to define one who misappropriates a copyright: '[...] an infringer of the copyright.'" The court said that in the case of copyright infringement, the province guaranteed to the copyright holder by copyright law – certain exclusive rights – is invaded, but no control, physical or otherwise, is taken over the copyright, nor is the copyright holder wholly deprived of using the copyrighted work or exercising the exclusive rights held. | What did the court say was invaded? | What did the court say was invaded? | [
"What did the court say was invaded?"
] | {
"text": [
"certain exclusive rights"
],
"answer_start": [
879
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7867 | 5acfcaec77cf76001a686016 | Copyright_infringement | Copyright holders frequently refer to copyright infringement as theft. In copyright law, infringement does not refer to theft of physical objects that take away the owner's possession, but an instance where a person exercises one of the exclusive rights of the copyright holder without authorization. Courts have distinguished between copyright infringement and theft. For instance, the United States Supreme Court held in Dowling v. United States (1985) that bootleg phonorecords did not constitute stolen property. Instead, "interference with copyright does not easily equate with theft, conversion, or fraud. The Copyright Act even employs a separate term of art to define one who misappropriates a copyright: '[...] an infringer of the copyright.'" The court said that in the case of copyright infringement, the province guaranteed to the copyright holder by copyright law – certain exclusive rights – is invaded, but no control, physical or otherwise, is taken over the copyright, nor is the copyright holder wholly deprived of using the copyrighted work or exercising the exclusive rights held. | When you are accused theft as it relates to copyright law, you are exercising exclusive rights with what? | When you are accused theft as it relates to copyright law, you are exercising exclusive rights with what? | [
"When you are accused theft as it relates to copyright law, you are exercising exclusive rights with what?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7868 | 5acfcaec77cf76001a686017 | Copyright_infringement | Copyright holders frequently refer to copyright infringement as theft. In copyright law, infringement does not refer to theft of physical objects that take away the owner's possession, but an instance where a person exercises one of the exclusive rights of the copyright holder without authorization. Courts have distinguished between copyright infringement and theft. For instance, the United States Supreme Court held in Dowling v. United States (1985) that bootleg phonorecords did not constitute stolen property. Instead, "interference with copyright does not easily equate with theft, conversion, or fraud. The Copyright Act even employs a separate term of art to define one who misappropriates a copyright: '[...] an infringer of the copyright.'" The court said that in the case of copyright infringement, the province guaranteed to the copyright holder by copyright law – certain exclusive rights – is invaded, but no control, physical or otherwise, is taken over the copyright, nor is the copyright holder wholly deprived of using the copyrighted work or exercising the exclusive rights held. | What haven't courts said there is a difference between? | What haven't courts said there is a difference between? | [
"What haven't courts said there is a difference between?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7869 | 5acfcaec77cf76001a686018 | Copyright_infringement | Copyright holders frequently refer to copyright infringement as theft. In copyright law, infringement does not refer to theft of physical objects that take away the owner's possession, but an instance where a person exercises one of the exclusive rights of the copyright holder without authorization. Courts have distinguished between copyright infringement and theft. For instance, the United States Supreme Court held in Dowling v. United States (1985) that bootleg phonorecords did not constitute stolen property. Instead, "interference with copyright does not easily equate with theft, conversion, or fraud. The Copyright Act even employs a separate term of art to define one who misappropriates a copyright: '[...] an infringer of the copyright.'" The court said that in the case of copyright infringement, the province guaranteed to the copyright holder by copyright law – certain exclusive rights – is invaded, but no control, physical or otherwise, is taken over the copyright, nor is the copyright holder wholly deprived of using the copyrighted work or exercising the exclusive rights held. | In Dowling v. United States, what did bootleg records constitute? | In Dowling v. United States, what did bootleg records constitute? | [
"In Dowling v. United States, what did bootleg records constitute?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7870 | 5acfcaec77cf76001a686019 | Copyright_infringement | Copyright holders frequently refer to copyright infringement as theft. In copyright law, infringement does not refer to theft of physical objects that take away the owner's possession, but an instance where a person exercises one of the exclusive rights of the copyright holder without authorization. Courts have distinguished between copyright infringement and theft. For instance, the United States Supreme Court held in Dowling v. United States (1985) that bootleg phonorecords did not constitute stolen property. Instead, "interference with copyright does not easily equate with theft, conversion, or fraud. The Copyright Act even employs a separate term of art to define one who misappropriates a copyright: '[...] an infringer of the copyright.'" The court said that in the case of copyright infringement, the province guaranteed to the copyright holder by copyright law – certain exclusive rights – is invaded, but no control, physical or otherwise, is taken over the copyright, nor is the copyright holder wholly deprived of using the copyrighted work or exercising the exclusive rights held. | What is the separate term of art to define appropriation of copyright? | What is the separate term of art to define appropriation of copyright? | [
"What is the separate term of art to define appropriation of copyright?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7871 | 5acfcaec77cf76001a68601a | Copyright_infringement | Copyright holders frequently refer to copyright infringement as theft. In copyright law, infringement does not refer to theft of physical objects that take away the owner's possession, but an instance where a person exercises one of the exclusive rights of the copyright holder without authorization. Courts have distinguished between copyright infringement and theft. For instance, the United States Supreme Court held in Dowling v. United States (1985) that bootleg phonorecords did not constitute stolen property. Instead, "interference with copyright does not easily equate with theft, conversion, or fraud. The Copyright Act even employs a separate term of art to define one who misappropriates a copyright: '[...] an infringer of the copyright.'" The court said that in the case of copyright infringement, the province guaranteed to the copyright holder by copyright law – certain exclusive rights – is invaded, but no control, physical or otherwise, is taken over the copyright, nor is the copyright holder wholly deprived of using the copyrighted work or exercising the exclusive rights held. | What did the court say was evaded? | What did the court say was evaded? | [
"What did the court say was evaded?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7872 | 5726d11ef1498d1400e8ec2a | Copyright_infringement | Sometimes only partial compliance with license agreements is the cause. For example, in 2013, the US Army settled a lawsuit with Texas-based company Apptricity, which makes software that allows the army to track their soldiers in real time. In 2004, the US Army paid US$4.5 million for a license of 500 users, while allegedly installing the software for more than 9000 users; the case was settled for US$50 million. Major anti-piracy organizations, like the BSA, conduct software licensing audits regularly to ensure full compliance. | What is a possible cause of copyright infringement? | What is a possible cause of copyright infringement? | [
"What is a possible cause of copyright infringement?"
] | {
"text": [
"partial compliance"
],
"answer_start": [
15
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7873 | 5726d11ef1498d1400e8ec2b | Copyright_infringement | Sometimes only partial compliance with license agreements is the cause. For example, in 2013, the US Army settled a lawsuit with Texas-based company Apptricity, which makes software that allows the army to track their soldiers in real time. In 2004, the US Army paid US$4.5 million for a license of 500 users, while allegedly installing the software for more than 9000 users; the case was settled for US$50 million. Major anti-piracy organizations, like the BSA, conduct software licensing audits regularly to ensure full compliance. | Who did Texas software company Apptricity write software for? | Who did Texas software company Apptricity write software for? | [
"Who did Texas software company Apptricity write software for?"
] | {
"text": [
"US Army"
],
"answer_start": [
254
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7874 | 5726d11ef1498d1400e8ec2c | Copyright_infringement | Sometimes only partial compliance with license agreements is the cause. For example, in 2013, the US Army settled a lawsuit with Texas-based company Apptricity, which makes software that allows the army to track their soldiers in real time. In 2004, the US Army paid US$4.5 million for a license of 500 users, while allegedly installing the software for more than 9000 users; the case was settled for US$50 million. Major anti-piracy organizations, like the BSA, conduct software licensing audits regularly to ensure full compliance. | How many users were paid for in 2004? | How many users were paid for in 2004? | [
"How many users were paid for in 2004?"
] | {
"text": [
"500 users"
],
"answer_start": [
299
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7875 | 5726d11ef1498d1400e8ec2d | Copyright_infringement | Sometimes only partial compliance with license agreements is the cause. For example, in 2013, the US Army settled a lawsuit with Texas-based company Apptricity, which makes software that allows the army to track their soldiers in real time. In 2004, the US Army paid US$4.5 million for a license of 500 users, while allegedly installing the software for more than 9000 users; the case was settled for US$50 million. Major anti-piracy organizations, like the BSA, conduct software licensing audits regularly to ensure full compliance. | How much was the lawsuit settled for? | How much was the lawsuit settled for? | [
"How much was the lawsuit settled for?"
] | {
"text": [
"US$50 million"
],
"answer_start": [
401
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7876 | 5726d11ef1498d1400e8ec2e | Copyright_infringement | Sometimes only partial compliance with license agreements is the cause. For example, in 2013, the US Army settled a lawsuit with Texas-based company Apptricity, which makes software that allows the army to track their soldiers in real time. In 2004, the US Army paid US$4.5 million for a license of 500 users, while allegedly installing the software for more than 9000 users; the case was settled for US$50 million. Major anti-piracy organizations, like the BSA, conduct software licensing audits regularly to ensure full compliance. | Who is an example of a major anti-piracy organization? | Who is an example of a major anti-piracy organization? | [
"Who is an example of a major anti-piracy organization?"
] | {
"text": [
"the BSA"
],
"answer_start": [
454
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7877 | 5acfcb7477cf76001a686042 | Copyright_infringement | Sometimes only partial compliance with license agreements is the cause. For example, in 2013, the US Army settled a lawsuit with Texas-based company Apptricity, which makes software that allows the army to track their soldiers in real time. In 2004, the US Army paid US$4.5 million for a license of 500 users, while allegedly installing the software for more than 9000 users; the case was settled for US$50 million. Major anti-piracy organizations, like the BSA, conduct software licensing audits regularly to ensure full compliance. | What is an impossible cause of copyright infringement? | What is an impossible cause of copyright infringement? | [
"What is an impossible cause of copyright infringement?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7878 | 5acfcb7477cf76001a686043 | Copyright_infringement | Sometimes only partial compliance with license agreements is the cause. For example, in 2013, the US Army settled a lawsuit with Texas-based company Apptricity, which makes software that allows the army to track their soldiers in real time. In 2004, the US Army paid US$4.5 million for a license of 500 users, while allegedly installing the software for more than 9000 users; the case was settled for US$50 million. Major anti-piracy organizations, like the BSA, conduct software licensing audits regularly to ensure full compliance. | Who did Texas software company Apptricity write hardware for? | Who did Texas software company Apptricity write hardware for? | [
"Who did Texas software company Apptricity write hardware for?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7879 | 5acfcb7477cf76001a686044 | Copyright_infringement | Sometimes only partial compliance with license agreements is the cause. For example, in 2013, the US Army settled a lawsuit with Texas-based company Apptricity, which makes software that allows the army to track their soldiers in real time. In 2004, the US Army paid US$4.5 million for a license of 500 users, while allegedly installing the software for more than 9000 users; the case was settled for US$50 million. Major anti-piracy organizations, like the BSA, conduct software licensing audits regularly to ensure full compliance. | How many users weren't paid for in 2004? | How many users weren't paid for in 2004? | [
"How many users weren't paid for in 2004?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7880 | 5acfcb7477cf76001a686045 | Copyright_infringement | Sometimes only partial compliance with license agreements is the cause. For example, in 2013, the US Army settled a lawsuit with Texas-based company Apptricity, which makes software that allows the army to track their soldiers in real time. In 2004, the US Army paid US$4.5 million for a license of 500 users, while allegedly installing the software for more than 9000 users; the case was settled for US$50 million. Major anti-piracy organizations, like the BSA, conduct software licensing audits regularly to ensure full compliance. | How much was the lawsuit rejected for? | How much was the lawsuit rejected for? | [
"How much was the lawsuit rejected for?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7881 | 5acfcb7477cf76001a686046 | Copyright_infringement | Sometimes only partial compliance with license agreements is the cause. For example, in 2013, the US Army settled a lawsuit with Texas-based company Apptricity, which makes software that allows the army to track their soldiers in real time. In 2004, the US Army paid US$4.5 million for a license of 500 users, while allegedly installing the software for more than 9000 users; the case was settled for US$50 million. Major anti-piracy organizations, like the BSA, conduct software licensing audits regularly to ensure full compliance. | Who is an example of a minor anti-piracy organization? | Who is an example of a minor anti-piracy organization? | [
"Who is an example of a minor anti-piracy organization?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7882 | 5726d15cdd62a815002e9132 | Copyright_infringement | Cara Cusumano, director of the Tribeca Film Festival, stated in April 2014: "Piracy is less about people not wanting to pay and more about just wanting the immediacy – people saying, 'I want to watch Spiderman right now' and downloading it". The statement occurred during the third year that the festival used the Internet to present its content, while it was the first year that it featured a showcase of content producers who work exclusively online. Cusumano further explained that downloading behavior is not merely conducted by people who merely want to obtain content for free: | What did Cara Cusumano say about piracy in 2014 that people want? | What did Cara Cusumano say about piracy in 2014 that people want? | [
"What did Cara Cusumano say about piracy in 2014 that people want?"
] | {
"text": [
"immediacy"
],
"answer_start": [
156
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7883 | 5726d15cdd62a815002e9133 | Copyright_infringement | Cara Cusumano, director of the Tribeca Film Festival, stated in April 2014: "Piracy is less about people not wanting to pay and more about just wanting the immediacy – people saying, 'I want to watch Spiderman right now' and downloading it". The statement occurred during the third year that the festival used the Internet to present its content, while it was the first year that it featured a showcase of content producers who work exclusively online. Cusumano further explained that downloading behavior is not merely conducted by people who merely want to obtain content for free: | What had the festival done for the past three years when the statement by Cara Cusumano was made? | What had the festival done for the past three years when the statement by Cara Cusumano was made? | [
"What had the festival done for the past three years when the statement by Cara Cusumano was made?"
] | {
"text": [
"used the Internet to present its content"
],
"answer_start": [
305
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7884 | 5726d15cdd62a815002e9134 | Copyright_infringement | Cara Cusumano, director of the Tribeca Film Festival, stated in April 2014: "Piracy is less about people not wanting to pay and more about just wanting the immediacy – people saying, 'I want to watch Spiderman right now' and downloading it". The statement occurred during the third year that the festival used the Internet to present its content, while it was the first year that it featured a showcase of content producers who work exclusively online. Cusumano further explained that downloading behavior is not merely conducted by people who merely want to obtain content for free: | It was the first year of Tribeca featuring a showcase of producers who do what? | It was the first year of Tribeca featuring a showcase of producers who do what? | [
"It was the first year of Tribeca featuring a showcase of producers who do what?"
] | {
"text": [
"work exclusively online"
],
"answer_start": [
428
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7885 | 5726d15cdd62a815002e9135 | Copyright_infringement | Cara Cusumano, director of the Tribeca Film Festival, stated in April 2014: "Piracy is less about people not wanting to pay and more about just wanting the immediacy – people saying, 'I want to watch Spiderman right now' and downloading it". The statement occurred during the third year that the festival used the Internet to present its content, while it was the first year that it featured a showcase of content producers who work exclusively online. Cusumano further explained that downloading behavior is not merely conducted by people who merely want to obtain content for free: | What behavior is not just done by people who want content for free? | What behavior is not just done by people who want content for free? | [
"What behavior is not just done by people who want content for free?"
] | {
"text": [
"downloading"
],
"answer_start": [
485
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7886 | 5acfcd4f77cf76001a6860aa | Copyright_infringement | Cara Cusumano, director of the Tribeca Film Festival, stated in April 2014: "Piracy is less about people not wanting to pay and more about just wanting the immediacy – people saying, 'I want to watch Spiderman right now' and downloading it". The statement occurred during the third year that the festival used the Internet to present its content, while it was the first year that it featured a showcase of content producers who work exclusively online. Cusumano further explained that downloading behavior is not merely conducted by people who merely want to obtain content for free: | What did Cara Cusumano say about piracy in 2013 that people want? | What did Cara Cusumano say about piracy in 2013 that people want? | [
"What did Cara Cusumano say about piracy in 2013 that people want?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7887 | 5acfcd4f77cf76001a6860ab | Copyright_infringement | Cara Cusumano, director of the Tribeca Film Festival, stated in April 2014: "Piracy is less about people not wanting to pay and more about just wanting the immediacy – people saying, 'I want to watch Spiderman right now' and downloading it". The statement occurred during the third year that the festival used the Internet to present its content, while it was the first year that it featured a showcase of content producers who work exclusively online. Cusumano further explained that downloading behavior is not merely conducted by people who merely want to obtain content for free: | What did Cara Cusumano say about piracy in 2014 that people don't want? | What did Cara Cusumano say about piracy in 2014 that people don't want? | [
"What did Cara Cusumano say about piracy in 2014 that people don't want?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7888 | 5acfcd4f77cf76001a6860ac | Copyright_infringement | Cara Cusumano, director of the Tribeca Film Festival, stated in April 2014: "Piracy is less about people not wanting to pay and more about just wanting the immediacy – people saying, 'I want to watch Spiderman right now' and downloading it". The statement occurred during the third year that the festival used the Internet to present its content, while it was the first year that it featured a showcase of content producers who work exclusively online. Cusumano further explained that downloading behavior is not merely conducted by people who merely want to obtain content for free: | What had the festival not done for the past three years when the statement by Cara Cusumano was made? | What had the festival not done for the past three years when the statement by Cara Cusumano was made? | [
"What had the festival not done for the past three years when the statement by Cara Cusumano was made?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7889 | 5acfcd4f77cf76001a6860ad | Copyright_infringement | Cara Cusumano, director of the Tribeca Film Festival, stated in April 2014: "Piracy is less about people not wanting to pay and more about just wanting the immediacy – people saying, 'I want to watch Spiderman right now' and downloading it". The statement occurred during the third year that the festival used the Internet to present its content, while it was the first year that it featured a showcase of content producers who work exclusively online. Cusumano further explained that downloading behavior is not merely conducted by people who merely want to obtain content for free: | It was the last year of Tribeca featuring a showcase of producers who do what? | It was the last year of Tribeca featuring a showcase of producers who do what? | [
"It was the last year of Tribeca featuring a showcase of producers who do what?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7890 | 5acfcd4f77cf76001a6860ae | Copyright_infringement | Cara Cusumano, director of the Tribeca Film Festival, stated in April 2014: "Piracy is less about people not wanting to pay and more about just wanting the immediacy – people saying, 'I want to watch Spiderman right now' and downloading it". The statement occurred during the third year that the festival used the Internet to present its content, while it was the first year that it featured a showcase of content producers who work exclusively online. Cusumano further explained that downloading behavior is not merely conducted by people who merely want to obtain content for free: | What behavior is just done by people who want content for free? | What behavior is just done by people who want content for free? | [
"What behavior is just done by people who want content for free?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7891 | 5726d1985951b619008f7eff | Copyright_infringement | In response to Cusumano's perspective, Screen Producers Australia executive director Matt Deaner clarified the motivation of the film industry: "Distributors are usually wanting to encourage cinema-going as part of this process [monetizing through returns] and restrict the immediate access to online so as to encourage the maximum number of people to go to the cinema." Deaner further explained the matter in terms of the Australian film industry, stating: "there are currently restrictions on quantities of tax support that a film can receive unless the film has a traditional cinema release." | Who made clear the motivations of the filmmakers? | Who made clear the motivations of the filmmakers? | [
"Who made clear the motivations of the filmmakers?"
] | {
"text": [
"Matt Deaner"
],
"answer_start": [
85
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7892 | 5726d1985951b619008f7f00 | Copyright_infringement | In response to Cusumano's perspective, Screen Producers Australia executive director Matt Deaner clarified the motivation of the film industry: "Distributors are usually wanting to encourage cinema-going as part of this process [monetizing through returns] and restrict the immediate access to online so as to encourage the maximum number of people to go to the cinema." Deaner further explained the matter in terms of the Australian film industry, stating: "there are currently restrictions on quantities of tax support that a film can receive unless the film has a traditional cinema release." | Who encourages watching movies at a theater as making money from the film? | Who encourages watching movies at a theater as making money from the film? | [
"Who encourages watching movies at a theater as making money from the film?"
] | {
"text": [
"Distributors"
],
"answer_start": [
145
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7893 | 5726d1985951b619008f7f01 | Copyright_infringement | In response to Cusumano's perspective, Screen Producers Australia executive director Matt Deaner clarified the motivation of the film industry: "Distributors are usually wanting to encourage cinema-going as part of this process [monetizing through returns] and restrict the immediate access to online so as to encourage the maximum number of people to go to the cinema." Deaner further explained the matter in terms of the Australian film industry, stating: "there are currently restrictions on quantities of tax support that a film can receive unless the film has a traditional cinema release." | What is restricted to ensure the largest number of people see a movie at the theater? | What is restricted to ensure the largest number of people see a movie at the theater? | [
"What is restricted to ensure the largest number of people see a movie at the theater?"
] | {
"text": [
"immediate access to online"
],
"answer_start": [
274
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7894 | 5726d1985951b619008f7f02 | Copyright_infringement | In response to Cusumano's perspective, Screen Producers Australia executive director Matt Deaner clarified the motivation of the film industry: "Distributors are usually wanting to encourage cinema-going as part of this process [monetizing through returns] and restrict the immediate access to online so as to encourage the maximum number of people to go to the cinema." Deaner further explained the matter in terms of the Australian film industry, stating: "there are currently restrictions on quantities of tax support that a film can receive unless the film has a traditional cinema release." | What is restricted unless the film has a traditional theater release? | What is restricted unless the film has a traditional theater release? | [
"What is restricted unless the film has a traditional theater release?"
] | {
"text": [
"tax support that a film can receive"
],
"answer_start": [
509
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7895 | 5acfce2f77cf76001a6860dc | Copyright_infringement | In response to Cusumano's perspective, Screen Producers Australia executive director Matt Deaner clarified the motivation of the film industry: "Distributors are usually wanting to encourage cinema-going as part of this process [monetizing through returns] and restrict the immediate access to online so as to encourage the maximum number of people to go to the cinema." Deaner further explained the matter in terms of the Australian film industry, stating: "there are currently restrictions on quantities of tax support that a film can receive unless the film has a traditional cinema release." | Who made unclear the motivations of the filmmakers? | Who made unclear the motivations of the filmmakers? | [
"Who made unclear the motivations of the filmmakers?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7896 | 5acfce2f77cf76001a6860dd | Copyright_infringement | In response to Cusumano's perspective, Screen Producers Australia executive director Matt Deaner clarified the motivation of the film industry: "Distributors are usually wanting to encourage cinema-going as part of this process [monetizing through returns] and restrict the immediate access to online so as to encourage the maximum number of people to go to the cinema." Deaner further explained the matter in terms of the Australian film industry, stating: "there are currently restrictions on quantities of tax support that a film can receive unless the film has a traditional cinema release." | Who discourages watching movies at a theater as making money from the film? | Who discourages watching movies at a theater as making money from the film? | [
"Who discourages watching movies at a theater as making money from the film?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7897 | 5acfce2f77cf76001a6860de | Copyright_infringement | In response to Cusumano's perspective, Screen Producers Australia executive director Matt Deaner clarified the motivation of the film industry: "Distributors are usually wanting to encourage cinema-going as part of this process [monetizing through returns] and restrict the immediate access to online so as to encourage the maximum number of people to go to the cinema." Deaner further explained the matter in terms of the Australian film industry, stating: "there are currently restrictions on quantities of tax support that a film can receive unless the film has a traditional cinema release." | What is restricted to ensure the smallest number of people see a movie at the theater? | What is restricted to ensure the smallest number of people see a movie at the theater? | [
"What is restricted to ensure the smallest number of people see a movie at the theater?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7898 | 5acfce2f77cf76001a6860df | Copyright_infringement | In response to Cusumano's perspective, Screen Producers Australia executive director Matt Deaner clarified the motivation of the film industry: "Distributors are usually wanting to encourage cinema-going as part of this process [monetizing through returns] and restrict the immediate access to online so as to encourage the maximum number of people to go to the cinema." Deaner further explained the matter in terms of the Australian film industry, stating: "there are currently restrictions on quantities of tax support that a film can receive unless the film has a traditional cinema release." | What is restricted to ensure the largest number of people see a movie at home? | What is restricted to ensure the largest number of people see a movie at home? | [
"What is restricted to ensure the largest number of people see a movie at home?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7899 | 5acfce2f77cf76001a6860e0 | Copyright_infringement | In response to Cusumano's perspective, Screen Producers Australia executive director Matt Deaner clarified the motivation of the film industry: "Distributors are usually wanting to encourage cinema-going as part of this process [monetizing through returns] and restrict the immediate access to online so as to encourage the maximum number of people to go to the cinema." Deaner further explained the matter in terms of the Australian film industry, stating: "there are currently restrictions on quantities of tax support that a film can receive unless the film has a traditional cinema release." | What is unrestricted unless the film has a traditional theater release? | What is unrestricted unless the film has a traditional theater release? | [
"What is unrestricted unless the film has a traditional theater release?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
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