gem_id stringlengths 20 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringlengths 3 59 | context stringlengths 151 3.71k | question stringlengths 1 270 | target stringlengths 1 270 | references list | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-9700 | 5725e35889a1e219009ac031 | Montevideo | The largest private university in Uruguay, is also located in Montevideo. ORT Uruguay was first established as a non-profit organization in 1942, and was officially certified as a private university in September 1996, becoming the second private educational institution in the country to achieve that status.[citation needed] It is a member of World ORT, an international educational network founded in 1880 by the Jewish community in Saint Petersburg, Russia. The university has about 8,000 students, distributed among 5 faculties and institutes, mainly geared towards the sciences and technology/engineering. Its current rector as of 2010[update] is Dr. Jorge A. Grünberg. | When was ORT Uruguay established? | When was ORT Uruguay established? | [
"When was ORT Uruguay established?"
] | {
"text": [
"1942"
],
"answer_start": [
140
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9701 | 5725e35889a1e219009ac032 | Montevideo | The largest private university in Uruguay, is also located in Montevideo. ORT Uruguay was first established as a non-profit organization in 1942, and was officially certified as a private university in September 1996, becoming the second private educational institution in the country to achieve that status.[citation needed] It is a member of World ORT, an international educational network founded in 1880 by the Jewish community in Saint Petersburg, Russia. The university has about 8,000 students, distributed among 5 faculties and institutes, mainly geared towards the sciences and technology/engineering. Its current rector as of 2010[update] is Dr. Jorge A. Grünberg. | When was ORT Uruguay officially certified as a private university? | When was ORT Uruguay officially certified as a private university? | [
"When was ORT Uruguay officially certified as a private university?"
] | {
"text": [
"September 1996"
],
"answer_start": [
202
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9702 | 5725e35889a1e219009ac033 | Montevideo | The largest private university in Uruguay, is also located in Montevideo. ORT Uruguay was first established as a non-profit organization in 1942, and was officially certified as a private university in September 1996, becoming the second private educational institution in the country to achieve that status.[citation needed] It is a member of World ORT, an international educational network founded in 1880 by the Jewish community in Saint Petersburg, Russia. The university has about 8,000 students, distributed among 5 faculties and institutes, mainly geared towards the sciences and technology/engineering. Its current rector as of 2010[update] is Dr. Jorge A. Grünberg. | How many students does the ORT Uruguay university have? | How many students does the ORT Uruguay university have? | [
"How many students does the ORT Uruguay university have?"
] | {
"text": [
"about 8,000"
],
"answer_start": [
480
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9703 | 5725e3de89a1e219009ac042 | Montevideo | The Montevideo Crandon Institute is an American School of missionary origin and the main Methodist educational institution in Uruguay. Founded in 1879 and supported by the Women's Society of the Methodist Church of the United States, it is one of the most traditional and emblematic institutions in the city inculcating John Wesley's values. Its alumni include presidents, senators, ambassadors and Nobel Prize winners, along with musicians, scientists, and others. The Montevideo Crandon Institute boasts of being the first academic institution in South America where a home economics course was taught. | What is the main methodist educational institution in Uruguay? | What is the main methodist educational institution in Uruguay? | [
"What is the main methodist educational institution in Uruguay?"
] | {
"text": [
"The Montevideo Crandon Institute"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9704 | 5725e3de89a1e219009ac043 | Montevideo | The Montevideo Crandon Institute is an American School of missionary origin and the main Methodist educational institution in Uruguay. Founded in 1879 and supported by the Women's Society of the Methodist Church of the United States, it is one of the most traditional and emblematic institutions in the city inculcating John Wesley's values. Its alumni include presidents, senators, ambassadors and Nobel Prize winners, along with musicians, scientists, and others. The Montevideo Crandon Institute boasts of being the first academic institution in South America where a home economics course was taught. | When was the Montevideo Crandon Institute founded? | When was the Montevideo Crandon Institute founded? | [
"When was the Montevideo Crandon Institute founded?"
] | {
"text": [
"1879"
],
"answer_start": [
146
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9705 | 5725e3de89a1e219009ac044 | Montevideo | The Montevideo Crandon Institute is an American School of missionary origin and the main Methodist educational institution in Uruguay. Founded in 1879 and supported by the Women's Society of the Methodist Church of the United States, it is one of the most traditional and emblematic institutions in the city inculcating John Wesley's values. Its alumni include presidents, senators, ambassadors and Nobel Prize winners, along with musicians, scientists, and others. The Montevideo Crandon Institute boasts of being the first academic institution in South America where a home economics course was taught. | What is the first academic institution in South America where a home economics course was taught? | What is the first academic institution in South America where a home economics course was taught? | [
"What is the first academic institution in South America where a home economics course was taught?"
] | {
"text": [
"The Montevideo Crandon Institute"
],
"answer_start": [
466
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9706 | 5725e47289a1e219009ac052 | Montevideo | The Christian Brothers of Ireland Stella Maris College is a private, co-educational, not-for-profit Catholic school located in the wealthy residential southeastern neighbourhood of Carrasco. Established in 1955, it is regarded as one of the best high schools in the country, blending a rigorous curriculum with strong extracurricular activities. The school's headmaster, history professor Juan Pedro Toni, is a member of the Stella Maris Board of Governors and the school is a member of the International Baccalaureate Organization (IBO). Its long list of distinguished former pupils includes economists, engineers, architects, lawyers, politicians and even F1 champions. The school has also played an important part in the development of rugby union in Uruguay, with the creation of Old Christians Club, the school's alumni club. | Where is the Christian Brothers of Ireland Stella Maris College located? | Where is the Christian Brothers of Ireland Stella Maris College located? | [
"Where is the Christian Brothers of Ireland Stella Maris College located?"
] | {
"text": [
"Carrasco"
],
"answer_start": [
181
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9707 | 5725e47289a1e219009ac053 | Montevideo | The Christian Brothers of Ireland Stella Maris College is a private, co-educational, not-for-profit Catholic school located in the wealthy residential southeastern neighbourhood of Carrasco. Established in 1955, it is regarded as one of the best high schools in the country, blending a rigorous curriculum with strong extracurricular activities. The school's headmaster, history professor Juan Pedro Toni, is a member of the Stella Maris Board of Governors and the school is a member of the International Baccalaureate Organization (IBO). Its long list of distinguished former pupils includes economists, engineers, architects, lawyers, politicians and even F1 champions. The school has also played an important part in the development of rugby union in Uruguay, with the creation of Old Christians Club, the school's alumni club. | When was the Christian Brothers of Ireland Stella Maris College established? | When was the Christian Brothers of Ireland Stella Maris College established? | [
"When was the Christian Brothers of Ireland Stella Maris College established?"
] | {
"text": [
"1955"
],
"answer_start": [
206
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9708 | 5725e47289a1e219009ac054 | Montevideo | The Christian Brothers of Ireland Stella Maris College is a private, co-educational, not-for-profit Catholic school located in the wealthy residential southeastern neighbourhood of Carrasco. Established in 1955, it is regarded as one of the best high schools in the country, blending a rigorous curriculum with strong extracurricular activities. The school's headmaster, history professor Juan Pedro Toni, is a member of the Stella Maris Board of Governors and the school is a member of the International Baccalaureate Organization (IBO). Its long list of distinguished former pupils includes economists, engineers, architects, lawyers, politicians and even F1 champions. The school has also played an important part in the development of rugby union in Uruguay, with the creation of Old Christians Club, the school's alumni club. | What is regarded as one of the best high schools in the country? | What is regarded as one of the best high schools in the country? | [
"What is regarded as one of the best high schools in the country?"
] | {
"text": [
"The Christian Brothers of Ireland Stella Maris College"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9709 | 5725e47289a1e219009ac055 | Montevideo | The Christian Brothers of Ireland Stella Maris College is a private, co-educational, not-for-profit Catholic school located in the wealthy residential southeastern neighbourhood of Carrasco. Established in 1955, it is regarded as one of the best high schools in the country, blending a rigorous curriculum with strong extracurricular activities. The school's headmaster, history professor Juan Pedro Toni, is a member of the Stella Maris Board of Governors and the school is a member of the International Baccalaureate Organization (IBO). Its long list of distinguished former pupils includes economists, engineers, architects, lawyers, politicians and even F1 champions. The school has also played an important part in the development of rugby union in Uruguay, with the creation of Old Christians Club, the school's alumni club. | Who is the headmaster of the Christian Brothers of Ireland Stella Maris College? | Who is the headmaster of the Christian Brothers of Ireland Stella Maris College? | [
"Who is the headmaster of the Christian Brothers of Ireland Stella Maris College?"
] | {
"text": [
"professor Juan Pedro Toni"
],
"answer_start": [
379
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9710 | 5725e50889a1e219009ac064 | Montevideo | Also in Carrasco is The British Schools of Montevideo, one of the oldest educational institutions in the country, established in 1908.[citation needed] Its original purpose was to give Uruguayan children a complete education, on par with the best schools of the United Kingdom and to establish strong bonds between the British and Uruguayan children living in the country. The School is governed by the Board of Governors, elected by the British Schools Society in Uruguay, whose honorary president is the British Ambassador to Uruguay. Prominent alumni include former government ministers Pedro Bordaberry Herrán and Gabriel Gurméndez Armand-Ugon. | Where is the British Schools of Montevideo located? | Where is the British Schools of Montevideo located? | [
"Where is the British Schools of Montevideo located?"
] | {
"text": [
"Carrasco"
],
"answer_start": [
8
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9711 | 5725e50889a1e219009ac065 | Montevideo | Also in Carrasco is The British Schools of Montevideo, one of the oldest educational institutions in the country, established in 1908.[citation needed] Its original purpose was to give Uruguayan children a complete education, on par with the best schools of the United Kingdom and to establish strong bonds between the British and Uruguayan children living in the country. The School is governed by the Board of Governors, elected by the British Schools Society in Uruguay, whose honorary president is the British Ambassador to Uruguay. Prominent alumni include former government ministers Pedro Bordaberry Herrán and Gabriel Gurméndez Armand-Ugon. | When was the British Schools of Montevideo established? | When was the British Schools of Montevideo established? | [
"When was the British Schools of Montevideo established?"
] | {
"text": [
"1908"
],
"answer_start": [
129
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9712 | 5725e50889a1e219009ac066 | Montevideo | Also in Carrasco is The British Schools of Montevideo, one of the oldest educational institutions in the country, established in 1908.[citation needed] Its original purpose was to give Uruguayan children a complete education, on par with the best schools of the United Kingdom and to establish strong bonds between the British and Uruguayan children living in the country. The School is governed by the Board of Governors, elected by the British Schools Society in Uruguay, whose honorary president is the British Ambassador to Uruguay. Prominent alumni include former government ministers Pedro Bordaberry Herrán and Gabriel Gurméndez Armand-Ugon. | What was the British Schools of Montevideo original purpose? | What was the British Schools of Montevideo original purpose? | [
"What was the British Schools of Montevideo original purpose?"
] | {
"text": [
"to give Uruguayan children a complete education"
],
"answer_start": [
177
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9713 | 5725e62789a1e219009ac06a | Montevideo | Located in Cordon, St.Brendan´s school, before named St.Catherine´s is a non-profit civil association, which has a solid institutional culture with a clear vision of the future. It is knowned for being one of the best schools in the country, joining students from the wealthiest parts of Montevideo, such us, Punta Carretas, Pocitos, Malvin and Carrasco. St. Brendan’s School is a bilingual, non-denominational school that promotes a pedagogical constructivist approach focused on the child as a whole. In this approach, understanding is built from the connections children make between their own prior knowledge and the learning experiences, thus developing critical thinking skills. It is also the only school in the country implementing the three International Baccalaureate Programmes. These are: | Where is St. Brendan's school located? | Where is St. Brendan's school located? | [
"Where is St. Brendan's school located?"
] | {
"text": [
"Cordon"
],
"answer_start": [
11
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9714 | 5725e62789a1e219009ac06b | Montevideo | Located in Cordon, St.Brendan´s school, before named St.Catherine´s is a non-profit civil association, which has a solid institutional culture with a clear vision of the future. It is knowned for being one of the best schools in the country, joining students from the wealthiest parts of Montevideo, such us, Punta Carretas, Pocitos, Malvin and Carrasco. St. Brendan’s School is a bilingual, non-denominational school that promotes a pedagogical constructivist approach focused on the child as a whole. In this approach, understanding is built from the connections children make between their own prior knowledge and the learning experiences, thus developing critical thinking skills. It is also the only school in the country implementing the three International Baccalaureate Programmes. These are: | What was St. Brendan's school previously named? | What was St. Brendan's school previously named? | [
"What was St. Brendan's school previously named?"
] | {
"text": [
"St.Catherine´s"
],
"answer_start": [
53
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9715 | 5725e62789a1e219009ac06c | Montevideo | Located in Cordon, St.Brendan´s school, before named St.Catherine´s is a non-profit civil association, which has a solid institutional culture with a clear vision of the future. It is knowned for being one of the best schools in the country, joining students from the wealthiest parts of Montevideo, such us, Punta Carretas, Pocitos, Malvin and Carrasco. St. Brendan’s School is a bilingual, non-denominational school that promotes a pedagogical constructivist approach focused on the child as a whole. In this approach, understanding is built from the connections children make between their own prior knowledge and the learning experiences, thus developing critical thinking skills. It is also the only school in the country implementing the three International Baccalaureate Programmes. These are: | What is the only school in the country implementing three international Baccalaureate Programmes? | What is the only school in the country implementing three international Baccalaureate Programmes? | [
"What is the only school in the country implementing three international Baccalaureate Programmes?"
] | {
"text": [
"St.Brendan´s school"
],
"answer_start": [
19
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9716 | 5725e6a389a1e219009ac070 | Montevideo | Estadio Centenario, the national football stadium in Parque Batlle, was opened in 1930 for the first World Cup, as well as to commemorate the centennial of Uruguay's first constitution. In this World Cup, Uruguay won the title game against Argentina by 4 goals to 2. The stadium has 70,000 seats. It is listed by FIFA as one of the football world's classic stadiums, along with Maracanã, Wembley Stadium, San Siro, Estadio Azteca, and Santiago Bernabéu Stadium. A museum located within the football stadium has exhibits of memorabilia from Uruguay's 1930 and 1950 World Cup championships. Museum tickets give access to the stadium, stands, locker rooms and playing field. | What is the national football stadium in Parque Batlle? | What is the national football stadium in Parque Batlle? | [
"What is the national football stadium in Parque Batlle?"
] | {
"text": [
"Estadio Centenario"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9717 | 5725e6a389a1e219009ac071 | Montevideo | Estadio Centenario, the national football stadium in Parque Batlle, was opened in 1930 for the first World Cup, as well as to commemorate the centennial of Uruguay's first constitution. In this World Cup, Uruguay won the title game against Argentina by 4 goals to 2. The stadium has 70,000 seats. It is listed by FIFA as one of the football world's classic stadiums, along with Maracanã, Wembley Stadium, San Siro, Estadio Azteca, and Santiago Bernabéu Stadium. A museum located within the football stadium has exhibits of memorabilia from Uruguay's 1930 and 1950 World Cup championships. Museum tickets give access to the stadium, stands, locker rooms and playing field. | When was Estadio Centenario opened? | When was Estadio Centenario opened? | [
"When was Estadio Centenario opened? "
] | {
"text": [
"1930"
],
"answer_start": [
82
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9718 | 5725e6a389a1e219009ac072 | Montevideo | Estadio Centenario, the national football stadium in Parque Batlle, was opened in 1930 for the first World Cup, as well as to commemorate the centennial of Uruguay's first constitution. In this World Cup, Uruguay won the title game against Argentina by 4 goals to 2. The stadium has 70,000 seats. It is listed by FIFA as one of the football world's classic stadiums, along with Maracanã, Wembley Stadium, San Siro, Estadio Azteca, and Santiago Bernabéu Stadium. A museum located within the football stadium has exhibits of memorabilia from Uruguay's 1930 and 1950 World Cup championships. Museum tickets give access to the stadium, stands, locker rooms and playing field. | How many seats does the Estadio Centenario have? | How many seats does the Estadio Centenario have? | [
"How many seats does the Estadio Centenario have? "
] | {
"text": [
"70,000"
],
"answer_start": [
283
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9719 | 5725e80089a1e219009ac076 | Montevideo | The Uruguayan Basketball League is headquartered in Montevideo and most of its teams are from the city, including Defensor Sporting, Biguá, Aguada, Goes, Malvín, Unión Atlética, and Trouville. Montevideo is also a centre of rugby; equestrianism, which regained importance in Montevideo after the Maroñas Racecourse reopened; golf, with the Club de Punta Carretas; and yachting, with the Puerto del Buceo, an ideal place to moor yachts. The Golf Club of Punta Carretas was founded in 1894 covers all the area encircled by the west side of Bulevar Artigas, the Rambla (Montevideo's promenade) and the Parque Rodó (Fun Fair). | Where is the Uruguayan Basketball League headquartered? | Where is the Uruguayan Basketball League headquartered? | [
"Where is the Uruguayan Basketball League headquartered?"
] | {
"text": [
"Montevideo"
],
"answer_start": [
52
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9720 | 5725e80089a1e219009ac077 | Montevideo | The Uruguayan Basketball League is headquartered in Montevideo and most of its teams are from the city, including Defensor Sporting, Biguá, Aguada, Goes, Malvín, Unión Atlética, and Trouville. Montevideo is also a centre of rugby; equestrianism, which regained importance in Montevideo after the Maroñas Racecourse reopened; golf, with the Club de Punta Carretas; and yachting, with the Puerto del Buceo, an ideal place to moor yachts. The Golf Club of Punta Carretas was founded in 1894 covers all the area encircled by the west side of Bulevar Artigas, the Rambla (Montevideo's promenade) and the Parque Rodó (Fun Fair). | When was the Golf Club of Punta Carretas founded? | When was the Golf Club of Punta Carretas founded? | [
"When was the Golf Club of Punta Carretas founded?"
] | {
"text": [
"1894"
],
"answer_start": [
483
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9721 | 5725e80089a1e219009ac078 | Montevideo | The Uruguayan Basketball League is headquartered in Montevideo and most of its teams are from the city, including Defensor Sporting, Biguá, Aguada, Goes, Malvín, Unión Atlética, and Trouville. Montevideo is also a centre of rugby; equestrianism, which regained importance in Montevideo after the Maroñas Racecourse reopened; golf, with the Club de Punta Carretas; and yachting, with the Puerto del Buceo, an ideal place to moor yachts. The Golf Club of Punta Carretas was founded in 1894 covers all the area encircled by the west side of Bulevar Artigas, the Rambla (Montevideo's promenade) and the Parque Rodó (Fun Fair). | Equestrianism regained importance in Montevideo after what? | Equestrianism regained importance in Montevideo after what? | [
"Equestrianism regained importance in Montevideo after what?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Maroñas Racecourse reopened"
],
"answer_start": [
292
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9722 | 5725e87aec44d21400f3d73d | Montevideo | The Dirección Nacional de Transporte (DNT), part of the national Ministry of Transport and Public Works, is responsible for the organization and development of Montevideo's transport infrastructure. A bus service network covers the entire city. An international bus station, the Tres Cruces Bus Terminal, is located on the lower level of the Tres Cruces Shopping Center, on the side of Artigas Boulevard. This terminal, along with the Baltazar Brum Bus Terminal (or Rio Branco Terminal) by the Port of Montevideo, handles the long distance and intercity bus routes connecting to destinations within Uruguay. | What does DNT stand for? | What does DNT stand for? | [
"What does DNT stand for?"
] | {
"text": [
"Dirección Nacional de Transporte"
],
"answer_start": [
4
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9723 | 5725e87aec44d21400f3d73e | Montevideo | The Dirección Nacional de Transporte (DNT), part of the national Ministry of Transport and Public Works, is responsible for the organization and development of Montevideo's transport infrastructure. A bus service network covers the entire city. An international bus station, the Tres Cruces Bus Terminal, is located on the lower level of the Tres Cruces Shopping Center, on the side of Artigas Boulevard. This terminal, along with the Baltazar Brum Bus Terminal (or Rio Branco Terminal) by the Port of Montevideo, handles the long distance and intercity bus routes connecting to destinations within Uruguay. | Who is responsible for the organization and development of Montevideo's transport infrastructure? | Who is responsible for the organization and development of Montevideo's transport infrastructure? | [
"Who is responsible for the organization and development of Montevideo's transport infrastructure?"
] | {
"text": [
"Dirección Nacional de Transporte"
],
"answer_start": [
4
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9724 | 5725e87aec44d21400f3d73f | Montevideo | The Dirección Nacional de Transporte (DNT), part of the national Ministry of Transport and Public Works, is responsible for the organization and development of Montevideo's transport infrastructure. A bus service network covers the entire city. An international bus station, the Tres Cruces Bus Terminal, is located on the lower level of the Tres Cruces Shopping Center, on the side of Artigas Boulevard. This terminal, along with the Baltazar Brum Bus Terminal (or Rio Branco Terminal) by the Port of Montevideo, handles the long distance and intercity bus routes connecting to destinations within Uruguay. | Where is the Tres Cruces Bus Terminal located? | Where is the Tres Cruces Bus Terminal located? | [
"Where is the Tres Cruces Bus Terminal located?"
] | {
"text": [
"the lower level of the Tres Cruces Shopping Center"
],
"answer_start": [
319
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9725 | 5725e90738643c19005ace65 | Montevideo | The State Railways Administration of Uruguay (AFE) operates three commuter rail lines, namely the Empalme Olmos, San Jose and Florida. These lines operate to major suburban areas of Canelones, San José and Florida. Within the Montevideo city limits, local trains stop at Lorenzo Carnelli, Yatai (Step Mill), Sayago, Columbus (line to San Jose and Florida), Peñarol and Manga (line Empalme Olmos) stations. The historic 19th century General Artigas Central Station located in the neighbourhood of Aguada, six blocks from the central business district, was abandoned 1 March 2003 and remains closed. A new station, 500 metres (1,600 ft) north of the old one and part of the Tower of Communications modern complex, has taken over the rail traffic. | What does the AFE stand for? | What does the AFE stand for? | [
"What does the AFE stand for?"
] | {
"text": [
"The State Railways Administration of Uruguay"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9726 | 5725e90738643c19005ace66 | Montevideo | The State Railways Administration of Uruguay (AFE) operates three commuter rail lines, namely the Empalme Olmos, San Jose and Florida. These lines operate to major suburban areas of Canelones, San José and Florida. Within the Montevideo city limits, local trains stop at Lorenzo Carnelli, Yatai (Step Mill), Sayago, Columbus (line to San Jose and Florida), Peñarol and Manga (line Empalme Olmos) stations. The historic 19th century General Artigas Central Station located in the neighbourhood of Aguada, six blocks from the central business district, was abandoned 1 March 2003 and remains closed. A new station, 500 metres (1,600 ft) north of the old one and part of the Tower of Communications modern complex, has taken over the rail traffic. | What neighborhood is the General Artigas Central Station located? | What neighborhood is the General Artigas Central Station located? | [
"What neighborhood is the General Artigas Central Station located?"
] | {
"text": [
"Aguada"
],
"answer_start": [
496
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9727 | 5725e90738643c19005ace67 | Montevideo | The State Railways Administration of Uruguay (AFE) operates three commuter rail lines, namely the Empalme Olmos, San Jose and Florida. These lines operate to major suburban areas of Canelones, San José and Florida. Within the Montevideo city limits, local trains stop at Lorenzo Carnelli, Yatai (Step Mill), Sayago, Columbus (line to San Jose and Florida), Peñarol and Manga (line Empalme Olmos) stations. The historic 19th century General Artigas Central Station located in the neighbourhood of Aguada, six blocks from the central business district, was abandoned 1 March 2003 and remains closed. A new station, 500 metres (1,600 ft) north of the old one and part of the Tower of Communications modern complex, has taken over the rail traffic. | When was the General Artigas Central Station abandoned? | When was the General Artigas Central Station abandoned? | [
"When was the General Artigas Central Station abandoned?"
] | {
"text": [
"1 March 2003"
],
"answer_start": [
565
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9728 | 5725ea3089a1e219009ac098 | Montevideo | The port on Montevideo Bay is one of the reasons the city was founded. It gives natural protection to ships, although two jetties now further protect the harbour entrance from waves. This natural port is competitive with the other great port of Río de la Plata, Buenos Aires. The main engineering work on the port occurred between the years 1870 and 1930. These six decades saw the construction of the port's first wooden pier, several warehouses in La Aguada, the north and south Rambla, a river port, a new pier, the dredged river basin and the La Teja refinery. A major storm in 1923 necessitated repairs to many of the city's engineering works. Since the second half of the 20th century, physical changes have ceased, and since that time the area has degraded due to national economic stagnation. | What gives natural protection to ships in Montevideo? | What gives natural protection to ships in Montevideo? | [
"What gives natural protection to ships in Montevideo?"
] | {
"text": [
"The port on Montevideo Bay"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9729 | 5725ea3089a1e219009ac099 | Montevideo | The port on Montevideo Bay is one of the reasons the city was founded. It gives natural protection to ships, although two jetties now further protect the harbour entrance from waves. This natural port is competitive with the other great port of Río de la Plata, Buenos Aires. The main engineering work on the port occurred between the years 1870 and 1930. These six decades saw the construction of the port's first wooden pier, several warehouses in La Aguada, the north and south Rambla, a river port, a new pier, the dredged river basin and the La Teja refinery. A major storm in 1923 necessitated repairs to many of the city's engineering works. Since the second half of the 20th century, physical changes have ceased, and since that time the area has degraded due to national economic stagnation. | Between what years did the main engineering work on the port of Montevideo Bay take place? | Between what years did the main engineering work on the port of Montevideo Bay take place? | [
"Between what years did the main engineering work on the port of Montevideo Bay take place?"
] | {
"text": [
"1870 and 1930"
],
"answer_start": [
341
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9730 | 5725ea3089a1e219009ac09a | Montevideo | The port on Montevideo Bay is one of the reasons the city was founded. It gives natural protection to ships, although two jetties now further protect the harbour entrance from waves. This natural port is competitive with the other great port of Río de la Plata, Buenos Aires. The main engineering work on the port occurred between the years 1870 and 1930. These six decades saw the construction of the port's first wooden pier, several warehouses in La Aguada, the north and south Rambla, a river port, a new pier, the dredged river basin and the La Teja refinery. A major storm in 1923 necessitated repairs to many of the city's engineering works. Since the second half of the 20th century, physical changes have ceased, and since that time the area has degraded due to national economic stagnation. | What happened in 1923 that required repairs to many of the city's engineering works? | What happened in 1923 that required repairs to many of the city's engineering works? | [
"What happened in 1923 that required repairs to many of the city's engineering works?"
] | {
"text": [
"A major storm"
],
"answer_start": [
565
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9731 | 5725eaa6ec44d21400f3d74d | Montevideo | Hospital Maciel is one of the oldest hospitals in Uruguay and stands on the block bounded by the streets Maciel, 25 de Mayo, Guaraní and Washington, with the main entrance at 25 de Mayo, 172. The land was originally donated in Spanish colonial times by philanthropist Francisco Antonio Maciel, who teamed up with Mateo Vidal to establish a hospital and charity. The first building was constructed between 1781 and 1788 and later expanded upon. The present building stems from the 1825 plans of José Toribio (son of Tomás Toribio) and later Bernardo Poncini (wing on the Guaraní street, 1859), Eduardo Canstatt (corner of Guaraní and 25 de Mayo) and Julián Masquelez (1889). The hospital has a chapel built in Greek style by Miguel Estévez in 1798. | What is one of the oldest hospitals in Uruguay? | What is one of the oldest hospitals in Uruguay? | [
"What is one of the oldest hospitals in Uruguay?"
] | {
"text": [
"Hospital Maciel"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9732 | 5725eaa6ec44d21400f3d74e | Montevideo | Hospital Maciel is one of the oldest hospitals in Uruguay and stands on the block bounded by the streets Maciel, 25 de Mayo, Guaraní and Washington, with the main entrance at 25 de Mayo, 172. The land was originally donated in Spanish colonial times by philanthropist Francisco Antonio Maciel, who teamed up with Mateo Vidal to establish a hospital and charity. The first building was constructed between 1781 and 1788 and later expanded upon. The present building stems from the 1825 plans of José Toribio (son of Tomás Toribio) and later Bernardo Poncini (wing on the Guaraní street, 1859), Eduardo Canstatt (corner of Guaraní and 25 de Mayo) and Julián Masquelez (1889). The hospital has a chapel built in Greek style by Miguel Estévez in 1798. | Who originally donated the land for Hospital Macie? | Who originally donated the land for Hospital Macie? | [
"Who originally donated the land for Hospital Macie?"
] | {
"text": [
"Francisco Antonio Maciel"
],
"answer_start": [
268
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9733 | 5725eaa6ec44d21400f3d74f | Montevideo | Hospital Maciel is one of the oldest hospitals in Uruguay and stands on the block bounded by the streets Maciel, 25 de Mayo, Guaraní and Washington, with the main entrance at 25 de Mayo, 172. The land was originally donated in Spanish colonial times by philanthropist Francisco Antonio Maciel, who teamed up with Mateo Vidal to establish a hospital and charity. The first building was constructed between 1781 and 1788 and later expanded upon. The present building stems from the 1825 plans of José Toribio (son of Tomás Toribio) and later Bernardo Poncini (wing on the Guaraní street, 1859), Eduardo Canstatt (corner of Guaraní and 25 de Mayo) and Julián Masquelez (1889). The hospital has a chapel built in Greek style by Miguel Estévez in 1798. | When was the first building of the Hospital Maciel established? | When was the first building of the Hospital Maciel established? | [
"When was the first building of the Hospital Maciel established?"
] | {
"text": [
"between 1781 and 1788"
],
"answer_start": [
397
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9734 | 5725ebb3ec44d21400f3d753 | Montevideo | Hospital Vilardebó is the only psychiatric hospital in Montevideo. Named after the physician and naturalist Teodoro Vilardebó Matuliche, it opened 21 May 1880. The hospital was originally one of the best of Latin America and in 1915 grew to 1,500 inpatients. Today the hospital is very deteriorated, with broken walls and floors, lack of medicines, beds, and rooms for the personnel. It has an emergency service, outpatient, clinic and inpatient rooms and employs approximately 610 staff, psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, administrators, guards, among others. The average patient age is 30 years; more than half of the patients arrive by court order; 42% suffer from schizophrenia, 18% from depression and mania, and there are also a high percentage of drug addicted patients. | What is the only psychiatric hospital in Montevideo? | What is the only psychiatric hospital in Montevideo? | [
"What is the only psychiatric hospital in Montevideo?"
] | {
"text": [
"Hospital Vilardebó"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9735 | 5725ebb3ec44d21400f3d754 | Montevideo | Hospital Vilardebó is the only psychiatric hospital in Montevideo. Named after the physician and naturalist Teodoro Vilardebó Matuliche, it opened 21 May 1880. The hospital was originally one of the best of Latin America and in 1915 grew to 1,500 inpatients. Today the hospital is very deteriorated, with broken walls and floors, lack of medicines, beds, and rooms for the personnel. It has an emergency service, outpatient, clinic and inpatient rooms and employs approximately 610 staff, psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, administrators, guards, among others. The average patient age is 30 years; more than half of the patients arrive by court order; 42% suffer from schizophrenia, 18% from depression and mania, and there are also a high percentage of drug addicted patients. | Who is Hospital Vilardebo named after? | Who is Hospital Vilardebo named after? | [
"Who is Hospital Vilardebo named after?"
] | {
"text": [
"Teodoro Vilardebó Matuliche"
],
"answer_start": [
108
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9736 | 5725ebb3ec44d21400f3d755 | Montevideo | Hospital Vilardebó is the only psychiatric hospital in Montevideo. Named after the physician and naturalist Teodoro Vilardebó Matuliche, it opened 21 May 1880. The hospital was originally one of the best of Latin America and in 1915 grew to 1,500 inpatients. Today the hospital is very deteriorated, with broken walls and floors, lack of medicines, beds, and rooms for the personnel. It has an emergency service, outpatient, clinic and inpatient rooms and employs approximately 610 staff, psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, administrators, guards, among others. The average patient age is 30 years; more than half of the patients arrive by court order; 42% suffer from schizophrenia, 18% from depression and mania, and there are also a high percentage of drug addicted patients. | When did the Hospital Vilardebo open? | When did the Hospital Vilardebo open? | [
"When did the Hospital Vilardebo open?"
] | {
"text": [
"21 May 1880"
],
"answer_start": [
147
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9737 | 5725ebb3ec44d21400f3d756 | Montevideo | Hospital Vilardebó is the only psychiatric hospital in Montevideo. Named after the physician and naturalist Teodoro Vilardebó Matuliche, it opened 21 May 1880. The hospital was originally one of the best of Latin America and in 1915 grew to 1,500 inpatients. Today the hospital is very deteriorated, with broken walls and floors, lack of medicines, beds, and rooms for the personnel. It has an emergency service, outpatient, clinic and inpatient rooms and employs approximately 610 staff, psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, administrators, guards, among others. The average patient age is 30 years; more than half of the patients arrive by court order; 42% suffer from schizophrenia, 18% from depression and mania, and there are also a high percentage of drug addicted patients. | How many inpatients did the the Hospital Vilardebo have in 1915? | How many inpatients did the the Hospital Vilardebo have in 1915? | [
"How many inpatients did the the Hospital Vilardebo have in 1915?"
] | {
"text": [
"1,500 inpatients"
],
"answer_start": [
241
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9738 | 5727ea812ca10214002d99a6 | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | Gamal Abdel Nasser Hussein (Arabic: جمال عبد الناصر حسين, IPA: [ɡæˈmæːl ʕæbdenˈnɑːsˤeɾ ħeˈseːn]; 15 January 1918 – 28 September 1970) was the second President of Egypt, serving from 1956 until his death. Nasser led the 1952 overthrow of the monarchy and introduced far-reaching land reforms the following year. Following a 1954 attempt on his life by a Muslim Brotherhood member acting on his own, he cracked down on the organization, put President Muhammad Naguib under house arrest, and assumed executive office, officially becoming president in June 1956. | What number president of Egypt was Nasser? | What number president of Egypt was Nasser? | [
"What number president of Egypt was Nasser?"
] | {
"text": [
"second"
],
"answer_start": [
143
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9739 | 5727ea812ca10214002d99a7 | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | Gamal Abdel Nasser Hussein (Arabic: جمال عبد الناصر حسين, IPA: [ɡæˈmæːl ʕæbdenˈnɑːsˤeɾ ħeˈseːn]; 15 January 1918 – 28 September 1970) was the second President of Egypt, serving from 1956 until his death. Nasser led the 1952 overthrow of the monarchy and introduced far-reaching land reforms the following year. Following a 1954 attempt on his life by a Muslim Brotherhood member acting on his own, he cracked down on the organization, put President Muhammad Naguib under house arrest, and assumed executive office, officially becoming president in June 1956. | What organization attempted to assassinate Nasser? | What organization attempted to assassinate Nasser? | [
"What organization attempted to assassinate Nasser?"
] | {
"text": [
"Muslim Brotherhood"
],
"answer_start": [
354
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9740 | 5727ea812ca10214002d99a8 | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | Gamal Abdel Nasser Hussein (Arabic: جمال عبد الناصر حسين, IPA: [ɡæˈmæːl ʕæbdenˈnɑːsˤeɾ ħeˈseːn]; 15 January 1918 – 28 September 1970) was the second President of Egypt, serving from 1956 until his death. Nasser led the 1952 overthrow of the monarchy and introduced far-reaching land reforms the following year. Following a 1954 attempt on his life by a Muslim Brotherhood member acting on his own, he cracked down on the organization, put President Muhammad Naguib under house arrest, and assumed executive office, officially becoming president in June 1956. | In what year did Nasser become president? | In what year did Nasser become president? | [
"In what year did Nasser become president?"
] | {
"text": [
"1956"
],
"answer_start": [
554
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9741 | 5727ea812ca10214002d99a9 | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | Gamal Abdel Nasser Hussein (Arabic: جمال عبد الناصر حسين, IPA: [ɡæˈmæːl ʕæbdenˈnɑːsˤeɾ ħeˈseːn]; 15 January 1918 – 28 September 1970) was the second President of Egypt, serving from 1956 until his death. Nasser led the 1952 overthrow of the monarchy and introduced far-reaching land reforms the following year. Following a 1954 attempt on his life by a Muslim Brotherhood member acting on his own, he cracked down on the organization, put President Muhammad Naguib under house arrest, and assumed executive office, officially becoming president in June 1956. | In what year did Nasser die? | In what year did Nasser die? | [
"In what year did Nasser die?"
] | {
"text": [
"1970"
],
"answer_start": [
129
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9742 | 5727ea812ca10214002d99aa | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | Gamal Abdel Nasser Hussein (Arabic: جمال عبد الناصر حسين, IPA: [ɡæˈmæːl ʕæbdenˈnɑːsˤeɾ ħeˈseːn]; 15 January 1918 – 28 September 1970) was the second President of Egypt, serving from 1956 until his death. Nasser led the 1952 overthrow of the monarchy and introduced far-reaching land reforms the following year. Following a 1954 attempt on his life by a Muslim Brotherhood member acting on his own, he cracked down on the organization, put President Muhammad Naguib under house arrest, and assumed executive office, officially becoming president in June 1956. | What type of government did Nasser overthrow? | What type of government did Nasser overthrow? | [
"What type of government did Nasser overthrow?"
] | {
"text": [
"monarchy"
],
"answer_start": [
242
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9743 | 5727eb3c4b864d1900164024 | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | Nasser's nationalization of the Suez Canal and his emergence as the political victor from the subsequent Suez Crisis substantially elevated his popularity in Egypt and the Arab world. Calls for pan-Arab unity under his leadership increased, culminating with the formation of the United Arab Republic with Syria (1958–1961). In 1962, Nasser began a series of major socialist measures and modernization reforms in Egypt. Despite setbacks to his pan-Arabist cause, by 1963 Nasser's supporters gained power in several Arab countries and he became embroiled in the North Yemen Civil War. He began his second presidential term in March 1965 after his political opponents were banned from running. Following Egypt's defeat by Israel in the 1967 Six-Day War, Nasser resigned, but he returned to office after popular demonstrations called for his reinstatement. By 1968, Nasser had appointed himself prime minister, launched the War of Attrition to regain lost territory, began a process of depoliticizing the military, and issued a set of political liberalization reforms. After the conclusion of the 1970 Arab League summit, Nasser suffered a heart attack and died. His funeral in Cairo drew five million mourners and an outpouring of grief across the Arab world. | How many mourners attended Nasser's funeral? | How many mourners attended Nasser's funeral? | [
"How many mourners attended Nasser's funeral?"
] | {
"text": [
"five million"
],
"answer_start": [
1185
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9744 | 5727eb3c4b864d1900164025 | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | Nasser's nationalization of the Suez Canal and his emergence as the political victor from the subsequent Suez Crisis substantially elevated his popularity in Egypt and the Arab world. Calls for pan-Arab unity under his leadership increased, culminating with the formation of the United Arab Republic with Syria (1958–1961). In 1962, Nasser began a series of major socialist measures and modernization reforms in Egypt. Despite setbacks to his pan-Arabist cause, by 1963 Nasser's supporters gained power in several Arab countries and he became embroiled in the North Yemen Civil War. He began his second presidential term in March 1965 after his political opponents were banned from running. Following Egypt's defeat by Israel in the 1967 Six-Day War, Nasser resigned, but he returned to office after popular demonstrations called for his reinstatement. By 1968, Nasser had appointed himself prime minister, launched the War of Attrition to regain lost territory, began a process of depoliticizing the military, and issued a set of political liberalization reforms. After the conclusion of the 1970 Arab League summit, Nasser suffered a heart attack and died. His funeral in Cairo drew five million mourners and an outpouring of grief across the Arab world. | What landmark water route did Nasser nationalize? | What landmark water route did Nasser nationalize? | [
"What landmark water route did Nasser nationalize?"
] | {
"text": [
"Suez Canal"
],
"answer_start": [
32
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9745 | 5727eb3c4b864d1900164026 | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | Nasser's nationalization of the Suez Canal and his emergence as the political victor from the subsequent Suez Crisis substantially elevated his popularity in Egypt and the Arab world. Calls for pan-Arab unity under his leadership increased, culminating with the formation of the United Arab Republic with Syria (1958–1961). In 1962, Nasser began a series of major socialist measures and modernization reforms in Egypt. Despite setbacks to his pan-Arabist cause, by 1963 Nasser's supporters gained power in several Arab countries and he became embroiled in the North Yemen Civil War. He began his second presidential term in March 1965 after his political opponents were banned from running. Following Egypt's defeat by Israel in the 1967 Six-Day War, Nasser resigned, but he returned to office after popular demonstrations called for his reinstatement. By 1968, Nasser had appointed himself prime minister, launched the War of Attrition to regain lost territory, began a process of depoliticizing the military, and issued a set of political liberalization reforms. After the conclusion of the 1970 Arab League summit, Nasser suffered a heart attack and died. His funeral in Cairo drew five million mourners and an outpouring of grief across the Arab world. | What organization did Nasser create with Syria? | What organization did Nasser create with Syria? | [
"What organization did Nasser create with Syria?"
] | {
"text": [
"United Arab Republic"
],
"answer_start": [
279
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9746 | 5727eb3c4b864d1900164027 | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | Nasser's nationalization of the Suez Canal and his emergence as the political victor from the subsequent Suez Crisis substantially elevated his popularity in Egypt and the Arab world. Calls for pan-Arab unity under his leadership increased, culminating with the formation of the United Arab Republic with Syria (1958–1961). In 1962, Nasser began a series of major socialist measures and modernization reforms in Egypt. Despite setbacks to his pan-Arabist cause, by 1963 Nasser's supporters gained power in several Arab countries and he became embroiled in the North Yemen Civil War. He began his second presidential term in March 1965 after his political opponents were banned from running. Following Egypt's defeat by Israel in the 1967 Six-Day War, Nasser resigned, but he returned to office after popular demonstrations called for his reinstatement. By 1968, Nasser had appointed himself prime minister, launched the War of Attrition to regain lost territory, began a process of depoliticizing the military, and issued a set of political liberalization reforms. After the conclusion of the 1970 Arab League summit, Nasser suffered a heart attack and died. His funeral in Cairo drew five million mourners and an outpouring of grief across the Arab world. | What civil war did Nasser become entangled in? | What civil war did Nasser become entangled in? | [
"What civil war did Nasser become entangled in?"
] | {
"text": [
"North Yemen Civil War"
],
"answer_start": [
560
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9747 | 5727eb3c4b864d1900164028 | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | Nasser's nationalization of the Suez Canal and his emergence as the political victor from the subsequent Suez Crisis substantially elevated his popularity in Egypt and the Arab world. Calls for pan-Arab unity under his leadership increased, culminating with the formation of the United Arab Republic with Syria (1958–1961). In 1962, Nasser began a series of major socialist measures and modernization reforms in Egypt. Despite setbacks to his pan-Arabist cause, by 1963 Nasser's supporters gained power in several Arab countries and he became embroiled in the North Yemen Civil War. He began his second presidential term in March 1965 after his political opponents were banned from running. Following Egypt's defeat by Israel in the 1967 Six-Day War, Nasser resigned, but he returned to office after popular demonstrations called for his reinstatement. By 1968, Nasser had appointed himself prime minister, launched the War of Attrition to regain lost territory, began a process of depoliticizing the military, and issued a set of political liberalization reforms. After the conclusion of the 1970 Arab League summit, Nasser suffered a heart attack and died. His funeral in Cairo drew five million mourners and an outpouring of grief across the Arab world. | In what year did Nasser start his second term as President? | In what year did Nasser start his second term as President? | [
"In what year did Nasser start his second term as President?"
] | {
"text": [
"1965"
],
"answer_start": [
630
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9748 | 5727ebe03acd2414000defef | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | Nasser remains an iconic figure in the Arab world, particularly for his strides towards social justice and Arab unity, modernization policies, and anti-imperialist efforts. His presidency also encouraged and coincided with an Egyptian cultural boom, and launched large industrial projects, including the Aswan Dam and Helwan City. Nasser's detractors criticize his authoritarianism, his government's human rights violations, his populist relationship with the citizenry, and his failure to establish civil institutions, blaming his legacy for future dictatorial governance in Egypt. Historians describe Nasser as a towering political figure of the Middle East in the 20th century. | Name two infrastructure projects Nasser spearheaded. | Name two infrastructure projects Nasser spearheaded. | [
"Name two infrastructure projects Nasser spearheaded."
] | {
"text": [
"Aswan Dam and Helwan City"
],
"answer_start": [
304
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9749 | 5727ebe03acd2414000deff0 | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | Nasser remains an iconic figure in the Arab world, particularly for his strides towards social justice and Arab unity, modernization policies, and anti-imperialist efforts. His presidency also encouraged and coincided with an Egyptian cultural boom, and launched large industrial projects, including the Aswan Dam and Helwan City. Nasser's detractors criticize his authoritarianism, his government's human rights violations, his populist relationship with the citizenry, and his failure to establish civil institutions, blaming his legacy for future dictatorial governance in Egypt. Historians describe Nasser as a towering political figure of the Middle East in the 20th century. | What century did Nasser rule in? | What century did Nasser rule in? | [
"What century did Nasser rule in?"
] | {
"text": [
"20th"
],
"answer_start": [
667
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9750 | 5727ebe03acd2414000deff1 | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | Nasser remains an iconic figure in the Arab world, particularly for his strides towards social justice and Arab unity, modernization policies, and anti-imperialist efforts. His presidency also encouraged and coincided with an Egyptian cultural boom, and launched large industrial projects, including the Aswan Dam and Helwan City. Nasser's detractors criticize his authoritarianism, his government's human rights violations, his populist relationship with the citizenry, and his failure to establish civil institutions, blaming his legacy for future dictatorial governance in Egypt. Historians describe Nasser as a towering political figure of the Middle East in the 20th century. | What was nasser's position toward imperialism? | What was nasser's position toward imperialism? | [
"What was nasser's position toward imperialism?"
] | {
"text": [
"anti-imperialist"
],
"answer_start": [
147
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9751 | 5727ebe03acd2414000deff2 | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | Nasser remains an iconic figure in the Arab world, particularly for his strides towards social justice and Arab unity, modernization policies, and anti-imperialist efforts. His presidency also encouraged and coincided with an Egyptian cultural boom, and launched large industrial projects, including the Aswan Dam and Helwan City. Nasser's detractors criticize his authoritarianism, his government's human rights violations, his populist relationship with the citizenry, and his failure to establish civil institutions, blaming his legacy for future dictatorial governance in Egypt. Historians describe Nasser as a towering political figure of the Middle East in the 20th century. | How did Nasser's government deal with human rights? | How did Nasser's government deal with human rights? | [
"How did Nasser's government deal with human rights?"
] | {
"text": [
"human rights violations"
],
"answer_start": [
400
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9752 | 5727ec5aff5b5019007d9898 | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | Gamal Abdel Nasser was born on 15 January 1918 in Bakos, Alexandria, the first son of Fahima and Abdel Nasser Hussein. Nasser's father was a postal worker born in Beni Mur in Upper Egypt and raised in Alexandria, and his mother's family came from Mallawi, el-Minya. His parents married in 1917, and later had two more boys, Izz al-Arab and al-Leithi. Nasser's biographers Robert Stephens and Said Aburish wrote that Nasser's family believed strongly in the "Arab notion of glory", since the name of Nasser's brother, Izz al-Arab, translates to "Glory of the Arabs"—a rare name in Egypt. | What was Nasser's father's occupation? | What was Nasser's father's occupation? | [
"What was Nasser's father's occupation?"
] | {
"text": [
"postal worker"
],
"answer_start": [
141
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9753 | 5727ec5aff5b5019007d9899 | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | Gamal Abdel Nasser was born on 15 January 1918 in Bakos, Alexandria, the first son of Fahima and Abdel Nasser Hussein. Nasser's father was a postal worker born in Beni Mur in Upper Egypt and raised in Alexandria, and his mother's family came from Mallawi, el-Minya. His parents married in 1917, and later had two more boys, Izz al-Arab and al-Leithi. Nasser's biographers Robert Stephens and Said Aburish wrote that Nasser's family believed strongly in the "Arab notion of glory", since the name of Nasser's brother, Izz al-Arab, translates to "Glory of the Arabs"—a rare name in Egypt. | In what city was Nasser raised? | In what city was Nasser raised? | [
"In what city was Nasser raised?"
] | {
"text": [
"Alexandria"
],
"answer_start": [
201
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9754 | 5727ec5aff5b5019007d989a | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | Gamal Abdel Nasser was born on 15 January 1918 in Bakos, Alexandria, the first son of Fahima and Abdel Nasser Hussein. Nasser's father was a postal worker born in Beni Mur in Upper Egypt and raised in Alexandria, and his mother's family came from Mallawi, el-Minya. His parents married in 1917, and later had two more boys, Izz al-Arab and al-Leithi. Nasser's biographers Robert Stephens and Said Aburish wrote that Nasser's family believed strongly in the "Arab notion of glory", since the name of Nasser's brother, Izz al-Arab, translates to "Glory of the Arabs"—a rare name in Egypt. | What year was Nasser born? | What year was Nasser born? | [
"What year was Nasser born?"
] | {
"text": [
"1918"
],
"answer_start": [
42
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9755 | 5727ec5aff5b5019007d989b | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | Gamal Abdel Nasser was born on 15 January 1918 in Bakos, Alexandria, the first son of Fahima and Abdel Nasser Hussein. Nasser's father was a postal worker born in Beni Mur in Upper Egypt and raised in Alexandria, and his mother's family came from Mallawi, el-Minya. His parents married in 1917, and later had two more boys, Izz al-Arab and al-Leithi. Nasser's biographers Robert Stephens and Said Aburish wrote that Nasser's family believed strongly in the "Arab notion of glory", since the name of Nasser's brother, Izz al-Arab, translates to "Glory of the Arabs"—a rare name in Egypt. | What does Nasser's brother's name translate to? | What does Nasser's brother's name translate to? | [
"What does Nasser's brother's name translate to?"
] | {
"text": [
"Glory of the Arabs"
],
"answer_start": [
545
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9756 | 5727ec5aff5b5019007d989c | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | Gamal Abdel Nasser was born on 15 January 1918 in Bakos, Alexandria, the first son of Fahima and Abdel Nasser Hussein. Nasser's father was a postal worker born in Beni Mur in Upper Egypt and raised in Alexandria, and his mother's family came from Mallawi, el-Minya. His parents married in 1917, and later had two more boys, Izz al-Arab and al-Leithi. Nasser's biographers Robert Stephens and Said Aburish wrote that Nasser's family believed strongly in the "Arab notion of glory", since the name of Nasser's brother, Izz al-Arab, translates to "Glory of the Arabs"—a rare name in Egypt. | What siblings did Nasser have? | What siblings did Nasser have? | [
"What siblings did Nasser have?"
] | {
"text": [
"two more boys"
],
"answer_start": [
309
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9757 | 5727ecef2ca10214002d99d2 | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | In 1928, Nasser went to Alexandria to live with his maternal grandfather and attend the city's Attarin elementary school. He left in 1929 for a private boarding school in Helwan, and later returned to Alexandria to enter the Ras el-Tin secondary school and to join his father, who was working for the city's postal service. It was in Alexandria that Nasser became involved in political activism. After witnessing clashes between protesters and police in Manshia Square, he joined the demonstration without being aware of its purpose. The protest, organized by the ultranationalist Young Egypt Society, called for the end of colonialism in Egypt in the wake of the 1923 Egyptian constitution's annulment by Prime Minister Isma'il Sidqi. Nasser was arrested and detained for a night before his father bailed him out. | What elementary school did Nasser attend? | What elementary school did Nasser attend? | [
"What elementary school did Nasser attend?"
] | {
"text": [
"Attarin"
],
"answer_start": [
95
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9758 | 5727ecef2ca10214002d99d3 | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | In 1928, Nasser went to Alexandria to live with his maternal grandfather and attend the city's Attarin elementary school. He left in 1929 for a private boarding school in Helwan, and later returned to Alexandria to enter the Ras el-Tin secondary school and to join his father, who was working for the city's postal service. It was in Alexandria that Nasser became involved in political activism. After witnessing clashes between protesters and police in Manshia Square, he joined the demonstration without being aware of its purpose. The protest, organized by the ultranationalist Young Egypt Society, called for the end of colonialism in Egypt in the wake of the 1923 Egyptian constitution's annulment by Prime Minister Isma'il Sidqi. Nasser was arrested and detained for a night before his father bailed him out. | Where did Nasser go to boarding school? | Where did Nasser go to boarding school? | [
"Where did Nasser go to boarding school?"
] | {
"text": [
"Helwan"
],
"answer_start": [
171
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9759 | 5727ecef2ca10214002d99d4 | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | In 1928, Nasser went to Alexandria to live with his maternal grandfather and attend the city's Attarin elementary school. He left in 1929 for a private boarding school in Helwan, and later returned to Alexandria to enter the Ras el-Tin secondary school and to join his father, who was working for the city's postal service. It was in Alexandria that Nasser became involved in political activism. After witnessing clashes between protesters and police in Manshia Square, he joined the demonstration without being aware of its purpose. The protest, organized by the ultranationalist Young Egypt Society, called for the end of colonialism in Egypt in the wake of the 1923 Egyptian constitution's annulment by Prime Minister Isma'il Sidqi. Nasser was arrested and detained for a night before his father bailed him out. | What secondary school did Nasser attend? | What secondary school did Nasser attend? | [
"What secondary school did Nasser attend?"
] | {
"text": [
"Ras el-Tin"
],
"answer_start": [
225
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9760 | 5727ecef2ca10214002d99d5 | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | In 1928, Nasser went to Alexandria to live with his maternal grandfather and attend the city's Attarin elementary school. He left in 1929 for a private boarding school in Helwan, and later returned to Alexandria to enter the Ras el-Tin secondary school and to join his father, who was working for the city's postal service. It was in Alexandria that Nasser became involved in political activism. After witnessing clashes between protesters and police in Manshia Square, he joined the demonstration without being aware of its purpose. The protest, organized by the ultranationalist Young Egypt Society, called for the end of colonialism in Egypt in the wake of the 1923 Egyptian constitution's annulment by Prime Minister Isma'il Sidqi. Nasser was arrested and detained for a night before his father bailed him out. | Where did young Nasser witness demonstrations? | Where did young Nasser witness demonstrations? | [
"Where did young Nasser witness demonstrations?"
] | {
"text": [
"Manshia Square"
],
"answer_start": [
454
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9761 | 5727ecef2ca10214002d99d6 | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | In 1928, Nasser went to Alexandria to live with his maternal grandfather and attend the city's Attarin elementary school. He left in 1929 for a private boarding school in Helwan, and later returned to Alexandria to enter the Ras el-Tin secondary school and to join his father, who was working for the city's postal service. It was in Alexandria that Nasser became involved in political activism. After witnessing clashes between protesters and police in Manshia Square, he joined the demonstration without being aware of its purpose. The protest, organized by the ultranationalist Young Egypt Society, called for the end of colonialism in Egypt in the wake of the 1923 Egyptian constitution's annulment by Prime Minister Isma'il Sidqi. Nasser was arrested and detained for a night before his father bailed him out. | What organization organized the protests Nasser witnessed? | What organization organized the protests Nasser witnessed? | [
"What organization organized the protests Nasser witnessed?"
] | {
"text": [
"Young Egypt Society"
],
"answer_start": [
581
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9762 | 5727eda1ff5b5019007d98bc | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | When his father was transferred to Cairo in 1933, Nasser joined him and attended al-Nahda al-Masria school. He took up acting in school plays for a brief period and wrote articles for the school's paper, including a piece on French philosopher Voltaire titled "Voltaire, the Man of Freedom". On 13 November 1935, Nasser led a student demonstration against British rule, protesting against a statement made four days prior by UK foreign minister Samuel Hoare that rejected prospects for the 1923 Constitution's restoration. Two protesters were killed and Nasser received a graze to the head from a policeman's bullet. The incident garnered his first mention in the press: the nationalist newspaper Al Gihad reported that Nasser led the protest and was among the wounded. On 12 December, the new king, Farouk, issued a decree restoring the constitution. | What school did Nasser attend in Cairo? | What school did Nasser attend in Cairo? | [
"What school did Nasser attend in Cairo?"
] | {
"text": [
"al-Nahda al-Masria"
],
"answer_start": [
81
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9763 | 5727eda1ff5b5019007d98bd | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | When his father was transferred to Cairo in 1933, Nasser joined him and attended al-Nahda al-Masria school. He took up acting in school plays for a brief period and wrote articles for the school's paper, including a piece on French philosopher Voltaire titled "Voltaire, the Man of Freedom". On 13 November 1935, Nasser led a student demonstration against British rule, protesting against a statement made four days prior by UK foreign minister Samuel Hoare that rejected prospects for the 1923 Constitution's restoration. Two protesters were killed and Nasser received a graze to the head from a policeman's bullet. The incident garnered his first mention in the press: the nationalist newspaper Al Gihad reported that Nasser led the protest and was among the wounded. On 12 December, the new king, Farouk, issued a decree restoring the constitution. | What was the title of the article Nasser wrote for his school paper? | What was the title of the article Nasser wrote for his school paper? | [
"What was the title of the article Nasser wrote for his school paper?"
] | {
"text": [
"Voltaire, the Man of Freedom"
],
"answer_start": [
261
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9764 | 5727eda1ff5b5019007d98be | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | When his father was transferred to Cairo in 1933, Nasser joined him and attended al-Nahda al-Masria school. He took up acting in school plays for a brief period and wrote articles for the school's paper, including a piece on French philosopher Voltaire titled "Voltaire, the Man of Freedom". On 13 November 1935, Nasser led a student demonstration against British rule, protesting against a statement made four days prior by UK foreign minister Samuel Hoare that rejected prospects for the 1923 Constitution's restoration. Two protesters were killed and Nasser received a graze to the head from a policeman's bullet. The incident garnered his first mention in the press: the nationalist newspaper Al Gihad reported that Nasser led the protest and was among the wounded. On 12 December, the new king, Farouk, issued a decree restoring the constitution. | What was the issue Nasser led a protest against? | What was the issue Nasser led a protest against? | [
"What was the issue Nasser led a protest against?"
] | {
"text": [
"British rule"
],
"answer_start": [
356
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9765 | 5727eda1ff5b5019007d98bf | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | When his father was transferred to Cairo in 1933, Nasser joined him and attended al-Nahda al-Masria school. He took up acting in school plays for a brief period and wrote articles for the school's paper, including a piece on French philosopher Voltaire titled "Voltaire, the Man of Freedom". On 13 November 1935, Nasser led a student demonstration against British rule, protesting against a statement made four days prior by UK foreign minister Samuel Hoare that rejected prospects for the 1923 Constitution's restoration. Two protesters were killed and Nasser received a graze to the head from a policeman's bullet. The incident garnered his first mention in the press: the nationalist newspaper Al Gihad reported that Nasser led the protest and was among the wounded. On 12 December, the new king, Farouk, issued a decree restoring the constitution. | How many protestors were killed in the demonstration? | How many protestors were killed in the demonstration? | [
"How many protestors were killed in the demonstration?"
] | {
"text": [
"Two"
],
"answer_start": [
523
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9766 | 5727eda1ff5b5019007d98c0 | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | When his father was transferred to Cairo in 1933, Nasser joined him and attended al-Nahda al-Masria school. He took up acting in school plays for a brief period and wrote articles for the school's paper, including a piece on French philosopher Voltaire titled "Voltaire, the Man of Freedom". On 13 November 1935, Nasser led a student demonstration against British rule, protesting against a statement made four days prior by UK foreign minister Samuel Hoare that rejected prospects for the 1923 Constitution's restoration. Two protesters were killed and Nasser received a graze to the head from a policeman's bullet. The incident garnered his first mention in the press: the nationalist newspaper Al Gihad reported that Nasser led the protest and was among the wounded. On 12 December, the new king, Farouk, issued a decree restoring the constitution. | What did King Farouk restore after the demonstrations? | What did King Farouk restore after the demonstrations? | [
"What did King Farouk restore after the demonstrations?"
] | {
"text": [
"constitution"
],
"answer_start": [
838
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9767 | 5727ee363acd2414000df015 | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | Nasser's involvement in political activity increased throughout his school years, such that he only attended 45 days of classes during his last year of secondary school. Despite it having the almost unanimous backing of Egypt's political forces, Nasser strongly objected to the 1936 Anglo-Egyptian Treaty because it stipulated the continued presence of British military bases in the country. Nonetheless, political unrest in Egypt declined significantly and Nasser resumed his studies at al-Nahda, where he received his leaving certificate later that year. | How many days did Nasser attend classes in his senior year? | How many days did Nasser attend classes in his senior year? | [
"How many days did Nasser attend classes in his senior year?"
] | {
"text": [
"45"
],
"answer_start": [
109
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9768 | 5727ee363acd2414000df016 | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | Nasser's involvement in political activity increased throughout his school years, such that he only attended 45 days of classes during his last year of secondary school. Despite it having the almost unanimous backing of Egypt's political forces, Nasser strongly objected to the 1936 Anglo-Egyptian Treaty because it stipulated the continued presence of British military bases in the country. Nonetheless, political unrest in Egypt declined significantly and Nasser resumed his studies at al-Nahda, where he received his leaving certificate later that year. | What treaty did Nasser object to? | What treaty did Nasser object to? | [
"What treaty did Nasser object to?"
] | {
"text": [
"Anglo-Egyptian Treaty"
],
"answer_start": [
283
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9769 | 5727ee363acd2414000df017 | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | Nasser's involvement in political activity increased throughout his school years, such that he only attended 45 days of classes during his last year of secondary school. Despite it having the almost unanimous backing of Egypt's political forces, Nasser strongly objected to the 1936 Anglo-Egyptian Treaty because it stipulated the continued presence of British military bases in the country. Nonetheless, political unrest in Egypt declined significantly and Nasser resumed his studies at al-Nahda, where he received his leaving certificate later that year. | What did Nasser not want to have in Egypt? | What did Nasser not want to have in Egypt? | [
"What did Nasser not want to have in Egypt?"
] | {
"text": [
"British military bases"
],
"answer_start": [
353
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9770 | 5727ee363acd2414000df018 | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | Nasser's involvement in political activity increased throughout his school years, such that he only attended 45 days of classes during his last year of secondary school. Despite it having the almost unanimous backing of Egypt's political forces, Nasser strongly objected to the 1936 Anglo-Egyptian Treaty because it stipulated the continued presence of British military bases in the country. Nonetheless, political unrest in Egypt declined significantly and Nasser resumed his studies at al-Nahda, where he received his leaving certificate later that year. | What was the trajectory of political unrest after the treaty? | What was the trajectory of political unrest after the treaty? | [
"What was the trajectory of political unrest after the treaty?"
] | {
"text": [
"declined significantly"
],
"answer_start": [
431
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9771 | 5727ee363acd2414000df019 | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | Nasser's involvement in political activity increased throughout his school years, such that he only attended 45 days of classes during his last year of secondary school. Despite it having the almost unanimous backing of Egypt's political forces, Nasser strongly objected to the 1936 Anglo-Egyptian Treaty because it stipulated the continued presence of British military bases in the country. Nonetheless, political unrest in Egypt declined significantly and Nasser resumed his studies at al-Nahda, where he received his leaving certificate later that year. | From where did Nasser graduate? | From where did Nasser graduate? | [
"From where did Nasser graduate?"
] | {
"text": [
"al-Nahda"
],
"answer_start": [
488
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9772 | 5727eecd3acd2414000df029 | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | Aburish asserts that Nasser was not distressed by his frequent relocations, which broadened his horizons and showed him Egyptian society's class divisions. His own social status was well below the wealthy Egyptian elite, and his discontent with those born into wealth and power grew throughout his lifetime. Nasser spent most of his spare time reading, particularly in 1933 when he lived near the National Library of Egypt. He read the Qur'an, the sayings of Muhammad, the lives of the Sahaba (Muhammad's companions), and the biographies of nationalist leaders Napoleon, Ataturk, Otto von Bismarck, and Garibaldi and the autobiography of Winston Churchill. | What did Nasser do in his spare time? | What did Nasser do in his spare time? | [
"What did Nasser do in his spare time?"
] | {
"text": [
"reading"
],
"answer_start": [
344
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9773 | 5727eecd3acd2414000df02a | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | Aburish asserts that Nasser was not distressed by his frequent relocations, which broadened his horizons and showed him Egyptian society's class divisions. His own social status was well below the wealthy Egyptian elite, and his discontent with those born into wealth and power grew throughout his lifetime. Nasser spent most of his spare time reading, particularly in 1933 when he lived near the National Library of Egypt. He read the Qur'an, the sayings of Muhammad, the lives of the Sahaba (Muhammad's companions), and the biographies of nationalist leaders Napoleon, Ataturk, Otto von Bismarck, and Garibaldi and the autobiography of Winston Churchill. | What institution did Nasser live close to in 1933? | What institution did Nasser live close to in 1933? | [
"What institution did Nasser live close to in 1933?"
] | {
"text": [
"National Library of Egypt"
],
"answer_start": [
397
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9774 | 5727eecd3acd2414000df02b | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | Aburish asserts that Nasser was not distressed by his frequent relocations, which broadened his horizons and showed him Egyptian society's class divisions. His own social status was well below the wealthy Egyptian elite, and his discontent with those born into wealth and power grew throughout his lifetime. Nasser spent most of his spare time reading, particularly in 1933 when he lived near the National Library of Egypt. He read the Qur'an, the sayings of Muhammad, the lives of the Sahaba (Muhammad's companions), and the biographies of nationalist leaders Napoleon, Ataturk, Otto von Bismarck, and Garibaldi and the autobiography of Winston Churchill. | What did Nasser observe from moving around frequently as a youth? | What did Nasser observe from moving around frequently as a youth? | [
"What did Nasser observe from moving around frequently as a youth?"
] | {
"text": [
"Egyptian society's class divisions"
],
"answer_start": [
120
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9775 | 5727eecd3acd2414000df02c | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | Aburish asserts that Nasser was not distressed by his frequent relocations, which broadened his horizons and showed him Egyptian society's class divisions. His own social status was well below the wealthy Egyptian elite, and his discontent with those born into wealth and power grew throughout his lifetime. Nasser spent most of his spare time reading, particularly in 1933 when he lived near the National Library of Egypt. He read the Qur'an, the sayings of Muhammad, the lives of the Sahaba (Muhammad's companions), and the biographies of nationalist leaders Napoleon, Ataturk, Otto von Bismarck, and Garibaldi and the autobiography of Winston Churchill. | What was Nasser's position in Egypt's society? | What was Nasser's position in Egypt's society? | [
"What was Nasser's position in Egypt's society?"
] | {
"text": [
"well below the wealthy Egyptian elite"
],
"answer_start": [
182
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9776 | 5727eecd3acd2414000df02d | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | Aburish asserts that Nasser was not distressed by his frequent relocations, which broadened his horizons and showed him Egyptian society's class divisions. His own social status was well below the wealthy Egyptian elite, and his discontent with those born into wealth and power grew throughout his lifetime. Nasser spent most of his spare time reading, particularly in 1933 when he lived near the National Library of Egypt. He read the Qur'an, the sayings of Muhammad, the lives of the Sahaba (Muhammad's companions), and the biographies of nationalist leaders Napoleon, Ataturk, Otto von Bismarck, and Garibaldi and the autobiography of Winston Churchill. | What kind of biographies did Nasser read? | What kind of biographies did Nasser read? | [
"What kind of biographies did Nasser read?"
] | {
"text": [
"nationalist leaders"
],
"answer_start": [
541
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9777 | 5727ef92ff5b5019007d98d8 | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | Nasser was greatly influenced by Egyptian nationalism, as espoused by politician Mustafa Kamel, poet Ahmed Shawqi, and his anti-colonialist instructor at the Royal Military Academy, Aziz al-Masri, to whom Nasser expressed his gratitude in a 1961 newspaper interview. He was especially influenced by Egyptian writer Tawfiq al-Hakim's novel Return of the Spirit, in which al-Hakim wrote that the Egyptian people were only in need of a "man in whom all their feelings and desires will be represented, and who will be for them a symbol of their objective". Nasser later credited the novel as his inspiration to launch the 1952 revolution. | What political theory fascinated Nasser? | What political theory fascinated Nasser? | [
"What political theory fascinated Nasser?"
] | {
"text": [
"Egyptian nationalism"
],
"answer_start": [
33
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9778 | 5727ef92ff5b5019007d98d9 | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | Nasser was greatly influenced by Egyptian nationalism, as espoused by politician Mustafa Kamel, poet Ahmed Shawqi, and his anti-colonialist instructor at the Royal Military Academy, Aziz al-Masri, to whom Nasser expressed his gratitude in a 1961 newspaper interview. He was especially influenced by Egyptian writer Tawfiq al-Hakim's novel Return of the Spirit, in which al-Hakim wrote that the Egyptian people were only in need of a "man in whom all their feelings and desires will be represented, and who will be for them a symbol of their objective". Nasser later credited the novel as his inspiration to launch the 1952 revolution. | What politician did Nasser admire? | What politician did Nasser admire? | [
"What politician did Nasser admire?"
] | {
"text": [
"Mustafa Kamel"
],
"answer_start": [
81
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9779 | 5727ef92ff5b5019007d98da | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | Nasser was greatly influenced by Egyptian nationalism, as espoused by politician Mustafa Kamel, poet Ahmed Shawqi, and his anti-colonialist instructor at the Royal Military Academy, Aziz al-Masri, to whom Nasser expressed his gratitude in a 1961 newspaper interview. He was especially influenced by Egyptian writer Tawfiq al-Hakim's novel Return of the Spirit, in which al-Hakim wrote that the Egyptian people were only in need of a "man in whom all their feelings and desires will be represented, and who will be for them a symbol of their objective". Nasser later credited the novel as his inspiration to launch the 1952 revolution. | What poet did Nasser read? | What poet did Nasser read? | [
"What poet did Nasser read?"
] | {
"text": [
"Ahmed Shawqi"
],
"answer_start": [
101
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9780 | 5727ef92ff5b5019007d98db | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | Nasser was greatly influenced by Egyptian nationalism, as espoused by politician Mustafa Kamel, poet Ahmed Shawqi, and his anti-colonialist instructor at the Royal Military Academy, Aziz al-Masri, to whom Nasser expressed his gratitude in a 1961 newspaper interview. He was especially influenced by Egyptian writer Tawfiq al-Hakim's novel Return of the Spirit, in which al-Hakim wrote that the Egyptian people were only in need of a "man in whom all their feelings and desires will be represented, and who will be for them a symbol of their objective". Nasser later credited the novel as his inspiration to launch the 1952 revolution. | What novel influenced Nasser greatly? | What novel influenced Nasser greatly? | [
"What novel influenced Nasser greatly?"
] | {
"text": [
"Return of the Spirit"
],
"answer_start": [
339
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9781 | 5727ef92ff5b5019007d98dc | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | Nasser was greatly influenced by Egyptian nationalism, as espoused by politician Mustafa Kamel, poet Ahmed Shawqi, and his anti-colonialist instructor at the Royal Military Academy, Aziz al-Masri, to whom Nasser expressed his gratitude in a 1961 newspaper interview. He was especially influenced by Egyptian writer Tawfiq al-Hakim's novel Return of the Spirit, in which al-Hakim wrote that the Egyptian people were only in need of a "man in whom all their feelings and desires will be represented, and who will be for them a symbol of their objective". Nasser later credited the novel as his inspiration to launch the 1952 revolution. | Where did Nasser meet his anti-colonialist teacher? | Where did Nasser meet his anti-colonialist teacher? | [
"Where did Nasser meet his anti-colonialist teacher?"
] | {
"text": [
"Royal Military Academy"
],
"answer_start": [
158
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9782 | 5727f0053acd2414000df033 | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | In 1937, Nasser applied to the Royal Military Academy for army officer training, but his police record of anti-government protest initially blocked his entry. Disappointed, he enrolled in the law school at King Fuad University, but quit after one semester to reapply to the Military Academy. From his readings, Nasser, who frequently spoke of "dignity, glory, and freedom" in his youth, became enchanted with the stories of national liberators and heroic conquerors; a military career became his chief priority. | What was Nasser's goal? | What was Nasser's goal? | [
"What was Nasser's goal?"
] | {
"text": [
"a military career"
],
"answer_start": [
467
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9783 | 5727f0053acd2414000df034 | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | In 1937, Nasser applied to the Royal Military Academy for army officer training, but his police record of anti-government protest initially blocked his entry. Disappointed, he enrolled in the law school at King Fuad University, but quit after one semester to reapply to the Military Academy. From his readings, Nasser, who frequently spoke of "dignity, glory, and freedom" in his youth, became enchanted with the stories of national liberators and heroic conquerors; a military career became his chief priority. | Where did Nasser apply in 1937? | Where did Nasser apply in 1937? | [
"Where did Nasser apply in 1937?"
] | {
"text": [
"Royal Military Academy"
],
"answer_start": [
31
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9784 | 5727f0053acd2414000df035 | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | In 1937, Nasser applied to the Royal Military Academy for army officer training, but his police record of anti-government protest initially blocked his entry. Disappointed, he enrolled in the law school at King Fuad University, but quit after one semester to reapply to the Military Academy. From his readings, Nasser, who frequently spoke of "dignity, glory, and freedom" in his youth, became enchanted with the stories of national liberators and heroic conquerors; a military career became his chief priority. | Why was Nasser rejected from the Academy? | Why was Nasser rejected from the Academy? | [
"Why was Nasser rejected from the Academy?"
] | {
"text": [
"record of anti-government protest"
],
"answer_start": [
96
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9785 | 5727f0053acd2414000df036 | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | In 1937, Nasser applied to the Royal Military Academy for army officer training, but his police record of anti-government protest initially blocked his entry. Disappointed, he enrolled in the law school at King Fuad University, but quit after one semester to reapply to the Military Academy. From his readings, Nasser, who frequently spoke of "dignity, glory, and freedom" in his youth, became enchanted with the stories of national liberators and heroic conquerors; a military career became his chief priority. | Where did Nasser attend law school? | Where did Nasser attend law school? | [
"Where did Nasser attend law school?"
] | {
"text": [
"King Fuad University"
],
"answer_start": [
206
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9786 | 5727f0053acd2414000df037 | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | In 1937, Nasser applied to the Royal Military Academy for army officer training, but his police record of anti-government protest initially blocked his entry. Disappointed, he enrolled in the law school at King Fuad University, but quit after one semester to reapply to the Military Academy. From his readings, Nasser, who frequently spoke of "dignity, glory, and freedom" in his youth, became enchanted with the stories of national liberators and heroic conquerors; a military career became his chief priority. | How long did Nasser attend law school? | How long did Nasser attend law school? | [
"How long did Nasser attend law school?"
] | {
"text": [
"one semester"
],
"answer_start": [
243
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9787 | 5727f0cd3acd2414000df047 | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | Convinced that he needed a wasta, or an influential intermediary to promote his application above the others, Nasser managed to secure a meeting with Under-Secretary of War Ibrahim Khairy Pasha, the person responsible for the academy's selection board, and requested his help. Khairy Pasha agreed and sponsored Nasser's second application, which was accepted in late 1937. Nasser focused on his military career from then on, and had little contact with his family. At the academy, he met Abdel Hakim Amer and Anwar Sadat, both of whom became important aides during his presidency. After graduating from the academy in July 1938, he was commissioned a second lieutenant in the infantry, and posted to Mankabad. It was here that Nasser and his closest comrades, including Sadat and Amer, first discussed their dissatisfaction at widespread corruption in the country and their desire to topple the monarchy. Sadat would later write that because of his "energy, clear-thinking, and balanced judgement", Nasser emerged as the group's natural leader. | What's another term for influential intermediary? | What's another term for influential intermediary? | [
"What's another term for influential intermediary?"
] | {
"text": [
"wasta"
],
"answer_start": [
27
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9788 | 5727f0cd3acd2414000df048 | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | Convinced that he needed a wasta, or an influential intermediary to promote his application above the others, Nasser managed to secure a meeting with Under-Secretary of War Ibrahim Khairy Pasha, the person responsible for the academy's selection board, and requested his help. Khairy Pasha agreed and sponsored Nasser's second application, which was accepted in late 1937. Nasser focused on his military career from then on, and had little contact with his family. At the academy, he met Abdel Hakim Amer and Anwar Sadat, both of whom became important aides during his presidency. After graduating from the academy in July 1938, he was commissioned a second lieutenant in the infantry, and posted to Mankabad. It was here that Nasser and his closest comrades, including Sadat and Amer, first discussed their dissatisfaction at widespread corruption in the country and their desire to topple the monarchy. Sadat would later write that because of his "energy, clear-thinking, and balanced judgement", Nasser emerged as the group's natural leader. | Who sponsored Nasser's second application to the Military Academy? | Who sponsored Nasser's second application to the Military Academy? | [
"Who sponsored Nasser's second application to the Military Academy?"
] | {
"text": [
"Khairy Pasha"
],
"answer_start": [
277
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9789 | 5727f0cd3acd2414000df049 | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | Convinced that he needed a wasta, or an influential intermediary to promote his application above the others, Nasser managed to secure a meeting with Under-Secretary of War Ibrahim Khairy Pasha, the person responsible for the academy's selection board, and requested his help. Khairy Pasha agreed and sponsored Nasser's second application, which was accepted in late 1937. Nasser focused on his military career from then on, and had little contact with his family. At the academy, he met Abdel Hakim Amer and Anwar Sadat, both of whom became important aides during his presidency. After graduating from the academy in July 1938, he was commissioned a second lieutenant in the infantry, and posted to Mankabad. It was here that Nasser and his closest comrades, including Sadat and Amer, first discussed their dissatisfaction at widespread corruption in the country and their desire to topple the monarchy. Sadat would later write that because of his "energy, clear-thinking, and balanced judgement", Nasser emerged as the group's natural leader. | What allies did Nasser meet at the Academy? | What allies did Nasser meet at the Academy? | [
"What allies did Nasser meet at the Academy?"
] | {
"text": [
"Sadat and Amer"
],
"answer_start": [
770
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9790 | 5727f0cd3acd2414000df04a | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | Convinced that he needed a wasta, or an influential intermediary to promote his application above the others, Nasser managed to secure a meeting with Under-Secretary of War Ibrahim Khairy Pasha, the person responsible for the academy's selection board, and requested his help. Khairy Pasha agreed and sponsored Nasser's second application, which was accepted in late 1937. Nasser focused on his military career from then on, and had little contact with his family. At the academy, he met Abdel Hakim Amer and Anwar Sadat, both of whom became important aides during his presidency. After graduating from the academy in July 1938, he was commissioned a second lieutenant in the infantry, and posted to Mankabad. It was here that Nasser and his closest comrades, including Sadat and Amer, first discussed their dissatisfaction at widespread corruption in the country and their desire to topple the monarchy. Sadat would later write that because of his "energy, clear-thinking, and balanced judgement", Nasser emerged as the group's natural leader. | What were the students dissatisfied by in Egypt? | What were the students dissatisfied by in Egypt? | [
"What were the students dissatisfied by in Egypt?"
] | {
"text": [
"widespread corruption"
],
"answer_start": [
827
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9791 | 5727f0cd3acd2414000df04b | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | Convinced that he needed a wasta, or an influential intermediary to promote his application above the others, Nasser managed to secure a meeting with Under-Secretary of War Ibrahim Khairy Pasha, the person responsible for the academy's selection board, and requested his help. Khairy Pasha agreed and sponsored Nasser's second application, which was accepted in late 1937. Nasser focused on his military career from then on, and had little contact with his family. At the academy, he met Abdel Hakim Amer and Anwar Sadat, both of whom became important aides during his presidency. After graduating from the academy in July 1938, he was commissioned a second lieutenant in the infantry, and posted to Mankabad. It was here that Nasser and his closest comrades, including Sadat and Amer, first discussed their dissatisfaction at widespread corruption in the country and their desire to topple the monarchy. Sadat would later write that because of his "energy, clear-thinking, and balanced judgement", Nasser emerged as the group's natural leader. | What Egyptian institution did Nasser and his friends want to end? | What Egyptian institution did Nasser and his friends want to end? | [
"What Egyptian institution did Nasser and his friends want to end?"
] | {
"text": [
"monarchy"
],
"answer_start": [
895
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9792 | 5727f19a3acd2414000df06d | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | In 1941, Nasser was posted to Khartoum, Sudan, which was part of Egypt at the time. Nasser returned to Sudan in September 1942 after a brief stay in Egypt, then secured a position as an instructor in the Cairo Royal Military Academy in May 1943. In 1942, the British Ambassador Miles Lampson marched into King Farouk's palace and ordered him to dismiss Prime Minister Hussein Sirri Pasha for having pro-Axis sympathies. Nasser saw the incident as a blatant violation of Egyptian sovereignty and wrote, "I am ashamed that our army has not reacted against this attack", and wished for "calamity" to overtake the British. Nasser was accepted into the General Staff College later that year. He began to form a group of young military officers with strong nationalist sentiments who supported some form of revolution. Nasser stayed in touch with the group's members primarily through Amer, who continued to seek out interested officers within the Egyptian Armed Force's various branches and presented Nasser with a complete file on each of them. | In what year was Nasser posted to Sudan? | In what year was Nasser posted to Sudan? | [
"In what year was Nasser posted to Sudan?"
] | {
"text": [
"1941"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9793 | 5727f19a3acd2414000df06e | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | In 1941, Nasser was posted to Khartoum, Sudan, which was part of Egypt at the time. Nasser returned to Sudan in September 1942 after a brief stay in Egypt, then secured a position as an instructor in the Cairo Royal Military Academy in May 1943. In 1942, the British Ambassador Miles Lampson marched into King Farouk's palace and ordered him to dismiss Prime Minister Hussein Sirri Pasha for having pro-Axis sympathies. Nasser saw the incident as a blatant violation of Egyptian sovereignty and wrote, "I am ashamed that our army has not reacted against this attack", and wished for "calamity" to overtake the British. Nasser was accepted into the General Staff College later that year. He began to form a group of young military officers with strong nationalist sentiments who supported some form of revolution. Nasser stayed in touch with the group's members primarily through Amer, who continued to seek out interested officers within the Egyptian Armed Force's various branches and presented Nasser with a complete file on each of them. | Whas was Nasser's position at the military academy in 1943? | Whas was Nasser's position at the military academy in 1943? | [
"Whas was Nasser's position at the military academy in 1943?"
] | {
"text": [
"instructor"
],
"answer_start": [
186
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9794 | 5727f19a3acd2414000df06f | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | In 1941, Nasser was posted to Khartoum, Sudan, which was part of Egypt at the time. Nasser returned to Sudan in September 1942 after a brief stay in Egypt, then secured a position as an instructor in the Cairo Royal Military Academy in May 1943. In 1942, the British Ambassador Miles Lampson marched into King Farouk's palace and ordered him to dismiss Prime Minister Hussein Sirri Pasha for having pro-Axis sympathies. Nasser saw the incident as a blatant violation of Egyptian sovereignty and wrote, "I am ashamed that our army has not reacted against this attack", and wished for "calamity" to overtake the British. Nasser was accepted into the General Staff College later that year. He began to form a group of young military officers with strong nationalist sentiments who supported some form of revolution. Nasser stayed in touch with the group's members primarily through Amer, who continued to seek out interested officers within the Egyptian Armed Force's various branches and presented Nasser with a complete file on each of them. | Who ordered the King to dismiss the Prime Minister? | Who ordered the King to dismiss the Prime Minister? | [
"Who ordered the King to dismiss the Prime Minister?"
] | {
"text": [
"British Ambassador Miles Lampson"
],
"answer_start": [
259
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9795 | 5727f19a3acd2414000df070 | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | In 1941, Nasser was posted to Khartoum, Sudan, which was part of Egypt at the time. Nasser returned to Sudan in September 1942 after a brief stay in Egypt, then secured a position as an instructor in the Cairo Royal Military Academy in May 1943. In 1942, the British Ambassador Miles Lampson marched into King Farouk's palace and ordered him to dismiss Prime Minister Hussein Sirri Pasha for having pro-Axis sympathies. Nasser saw the incident as a blatant violation of Egyptian sovereignty and wrote, "I am ashamed that our army has not reacted against this attack", and wished for "calamity" to overtake the British. Nasser was accepted into the General Staff College later that year. He began to form a group of young military officers with strong nationalist sentiments who supported some form of revolution. Nasser stayed in touch with the group's members primarily through Amer, who continued to seek out interested officers within the Egyptian Armed Force's various branches and presented Nasser with a complete file on each of them. | What political group was Nasser associated with? | What political group was Nasser associated with? | [
"What political group was Nasser associated with?"
] | {
"text": [
"nationalist"
],
"answer_start": [
751
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9796 | 5727f19a3acd2414000df071 | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | In 1941, Nasser was posted to Khartoum, Sudan, which was part of Egypt at the time. Nasser returned to Sudan in September 1942 after a brief stay in Egypt, then secured a position as an instructor in the Cairo Royal Military Academy in May 1943. In 1942, the British Ambassador Miles Lampson marched into King Farouk's palace and ordered him to dismiss Prime Minister Hussein Sirri Pasha for having pro-Axis sympathies. Nasser saw the incident as a blatant violation of Egyptian sovereignty and wrote, "I am ashamed that our army has not reacted against this attack", and wished for "calamity" to overtake the British. Nasser was accepted into the General Staff College later that year. He began to form a group of young military officers with strong nationalist sentiments who supported some form of revolution. Nasser stayed in touch with the group's members primarily through Amer, who continued to seek out interested officers within the Egyptian Armed Force's various branches and presented Nasser with a complete file on each of them. | Who was Nasser's contact in the armed forces, giving Nasser dossiers? | Who was Nasser's contact in the armed forces, giving Nasser dossiers? | [
"Who was Nasser's contact in the armed forces, giving Nasser dossiers?"
] | {
"text": [
"Amer"
],
"answer_start": [
879
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9797 | 5727f23f2ca10214002d9a18 | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | In May 1948, following the British withdrawal, King Farouk sent the Egyptian army into Palestine, with Nasser serving in the 6th Infantry Battalion. During the war, he wrote of the Egyptian army's unpreparedness, saying "our soldiers were dashed against fortifications". Nasser was deputy commander of the Egyptian forces that secured the Faluja pocket. On 12 July, he was lightly wounded in the fighting. By August, his brigade was surrounded by the Israeli Army. Appeals for help from Jordan's Arab Legion went unheeded, but the brigade refused to surrender. Negotiations between Israel and Egypt finally resulted in the ceding of Faluja to Israel. According to veteran journalist Eric Margolis, the defenders of Faluja, "including young army officer Gamal Abdel Nasser, became national heroes" for enduring Israeli bombardment while isolated from their command. | Where was the Egyptian army sent in 1948? | Where was the Egyptian army sent in 1948? | [
"Where was the Egyptian army sent in 1948?"
] | {
"text": [
"Palestine"
],
"answer_start": [
87
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9798 | 5727f23f2ca10214002d9a19 | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | In May 1948, following the British withdrawal, King Farouk sent the Egyptian army into Palestine, with Nasser serving in the 6th Infantry Battalion. During the war, he wrote of the Egyptian army's unpreparedness, saying "our soldiers were dashed against fortifications". Nasser was deputy commander of the Egyptian forces that secured the Faluja pocket. On 12 July, he was lightly wounded in the fighting. By August, his brigade was surrounded by the Israeli Army. Appeals for help from Jordan's Arab Legion went unheeded, but the brigade refused to surrender. Negotiations between Israel and Egypt finally resulted in the ceding of Faluja to Israel. According to veteran journalist Eric Margolis, the defenders of Faluja, "including young army officer Gamal Abdel Nasser, became national heroes" for enduring Israeli bombardment while isolated from their command. | In what unit did Nasser serve? | In what unit did Nasser serve? | [
"In what unit did Nasser serve?"
] | {
"text": [
"6th Infantry Battalion"
],
"answer_start": [
125
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9799 | 5727f23f2ca10214002d9a1a | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | In May 1948, following the British withdrawal, King Farouk sent the Egyptian army into Palestine, with Nasser serving in the 6th Infantry Battalion. During the war, he wrote of the Egyptian army's unpreparedness, saying "our soldiers were dashed against fortifications". Nasser was deputy commander of the Egyptian forces that secured the Faluja pocket. On 12 July, he was lightly wounded in the fighting. By August, his brigade was surrounded by the Israeli Army. Appeals for help from Jordan's Arab Legion went unheeded, but the brigade refused to surrender. Negotiations between Israel and Egypt finally resulted in the ceding of Faluja to Israel. According to veteran journalist Eric Margolis, the defenders of Faluja, "including young army officer Gamal Abdel Nasser, became national heroes" for enduring Israeli bombardment while isolated from their command. | How badly was Nasser wounded? | How badly was Nasser wounded? | [
"How badly was Nasser wounded?"
] | {
"text": [
"lightly"
],
"answer_start": [
373
]
} |
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