gem_id
stringlengths
20
25
id
stringlengths
24
24
title
stringlengths
3
59
context
stringlengths
151
3.71k
question
stringlengths
1
270
target
stringlengths
1
270
references
list
answers
dict
gem-squad_v2-train-9800
5727f23f2ca10214002d9a1b
Gamal_Abdel_Nasser
In May 1948, following the British withdrawal, King Farouk sent the Egyptian army into Palestine, with Nasser serving in the 6th Infantry Battalion. During the war, he wrote of the Egyptian army's unpreparedness, saying "our soldiers were dashed against fortifications". Nasser was deputy commander of the Egyptian force...
What army surrounded Nasser's brigade?
What army surrounded Nasser's brigade?
[ "What army surrounded Nasser's brigade?" ]
{ "text": [ "Israeli" ], "answer_start": [ 451 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-9801
5727f23f2ca10214002d9a1c
Gamal_Abdel_Nasser
In May 1948, following the British withdrawal, King Farouk sent the Egyptian army into Palestine, with Nasser serving in the 6th Infantry Battalion. During the war, he wrote of the Egyptian army's unpreparedness, saying "our soldiers were dashed against fortifications". Nasser was deputy commander of the Egyptian force...
What territory was given to Israel?
What territory was given to Israel?
[ "What territory was given to Israel?" ]
{ "text": [ "Faluja" ], "answer_start": [ 633 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-9802
5727f2e03acd2414000df091
Gamal_Abdel_Nasser
The Egyptian singer Umm Kulthum hosted a public celebration for the officers' return despite reservations from the royal government, which had been pressured by the British to prevent the reception. The apparent difference in attitude between the government and the general public increased Nasser's determination to top...
What Egyptian singer performed at the return of Nasser's brigade?
What Egyptian singer performed at the return of Nasser's brigade?
[ "What Egyptian singer performed at the return of Nasser's brigade?" ]
{ "text": [ "Umm Kulthum" ], "answer_start": [ 20 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-9803
5727f2e03acd2414000df092
Gamal_Abdel_Nasser
The Egyptian singer Umm Kulthum hosted a public celebration for the officers' return despite reservations from the royal government, which had been pressured by the British to prevent the reception. The apparent difference in attitude between the government and the general public increased Nasser's determination to top...
What book did Nasser start writing?
What book did Nasser start writing?
[ "What book did Nasser start writing?" ]
{ "text": [ "Philosophy of the Revolution" ], "answer_start": [ 470 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-9804
5727f2e03acd2414000df093
Gamal_Abdel_Nasser
The Egyptian singer Umm Kulthum hosted a public celebration for the officers' return despite reservations from the royal government, which had been pressured by the British to prevent the reception. The apparent difference in attitude between the government and the general public increased Nasser's determination to top...
What group opposed the celebration of Nasser's brigade's return?
What group opposed the celebration of Nasser's brigade's return?
[ "What group opposed the celebration of Nasser's brigade's return?" ]
{ "text": [ "royal government" ], "answer_start": [ 115 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-9805
5727f2e03acd2414000df094
Gamal_Abdel_Nasser
The Egyptian singer Umm Kulthum hosted a public celebration for the officers' return despite reservations from the royal government, which had been pressured by the British to prevent the reception. The apparent difference in attitude between the government and the general public increased Nasser's determination to top...
Who has pressured the government to cancel the reception?
Who has pressured the government to cancel the reception?
[ "Who has pressured the government to cancel the reception?" ]
{ "text": [ "British" ], "answer_start": [ 165 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-9806
5727f2e03acd2414000df095
Gamal_Abdel_Nasser
The Egyptian singer Umm Kulthum hosted a public celebration for the officers' return despite reservations from the royal government, which had been pressured by the British to prevent the reception. The apparent difference in attitude between the government and the general public increased Nasser's determination to top...
What was Nasser increasingly convinced he should topple?
What was Nasser increasingly convinced he should topple?
[ "What was Nasser increasingly convinced he should topple?" ]
{ "text": [ "monarchy" ], "answer_start": [ 328 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-9807
5727f4172ca10214002d9a22
Gamal_Abdel_Nasser
After the war, Nasser returned to his role as an instructor at the Royal Military Academy. He sent emissaries to forge an alliance with the Muslim Brotherhood in October 1948, but soon concluded that the religious agenda of the Brotherhood was not compatible with his nationalism. From then on, Nasser prevented the Brot...
What did Nasser do after the war ended?
What did Nasser do after the war ended?
[ "What did Nasser do after the war ended?" ]
{ "text": [ "instructor at the Royal Military Academy" ], "answer_start": [ 49 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-9808
5727f4172ca10214002d9a23
Gamal_Abdel_Nasser
After the war, Nasser returned to his role as an instructor at the Royal Military Academy. He sent emissaries to forge an alliance with the Muslim Brotherhood in October 1948, but soon concluded that the religious agenda of the Brotherhood was not compatible with his nationalism. From then on, Nasser prevented the Brot...
What group did Nasser try to allign himself with?
What group did Nasser try to allign himself with?
[ "What group did Nasser try to allign himself with?" ]
{ "text": [ "Muslim Brotherhood" ], "answer_start": [ 140 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-9809
5727f4172ca10214002d9a24
Gamal_Abdel_Nasser
After the war, Nasser returned to his role as an instructor at the Royal Military Academy. He sent emissaries to forge an alliance with the Muslim Brotherhood in October 1948, but soon concluded that the religious agenda of the Brotherhood was not compatible with his nationalism. From then on, Nasser prevented the Brot...
What was the reason Nasser rejected the Muslim Brotherhood?
What was the reason Nasser rejected the Muslim Brotherhood?
[ "What was the reason Nasser rejected the Muslim Brotherhood?" ]
{ "text": [ "religious agenda" ], "answer_start": [ 204 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-9810
5727f4172ca10214002d9a25
Gamal_Abdel_Nasser
After the war, Nasser returned to his role as an instructor at the Royal Military Academy. He sent emissaries to forge an alliance with the Muslim Brotherhood in October 1948, but soon concluded that the religious agenda of the Brotherhood was not compatible with his nationalism. From then on, Nasser prevented the Brot...
How did Nasser view the terms of the armisitce with Israel?
How did Nasser view the terms of the armisitce with Israel?
[ "How did Nasser view the terms of the armisitce with Israel?" ]
{ "text": [ "humiliating" ], "answer_start": [ 582 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-9811
5727f4172ca10214002d9a26
Gamal_Abdel_Nasser
After the war, Nasser returned to his role as an instructor at the Royal Military Academy. He sent emissaries to forge an alliance with the Muslim Brotherhood in October 1948, but soon concluded that the religious agenda of the Brotherhood was not compatible with his nationalism. From then on, Nasser prevented the Brot...
What region did the Israelis occupy during the talks?
What region did the Israelis occupy during the talks?
[ "What region did the Israelis occupy during the talks?" ]
{ "text": [ "Eilat" ], "answer_start": [ 660 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-9812
5727f4fb2ca10214002d9a3c
Gamal_Abdel_Nasser
Nasser's return to Egypt coincided with Husni al-Za'im's Syrian coup d'état. Its success and evident popular support among the Syrian people encouraged Nasser's revolutionary pursuits. Soon after his return, he was summoned and interrogated by Prime Minister Ibrahim Abdel Hadi regarding suspicions that he was forming a...
What people had a coup around the time Nasser returned to Egypt?
What people had a coup around the time Nasser returned to Egypt?
[ "What people had a coup around the time Nasser returned to Egypt?" ]
{ "text": [ "Syrian" ], "answer_start": [ 57 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-9813
5727f4fb2ca10214002d9a3d
Gamal_Abdel_Nasser
Nasser's return to Egypt coincided with Husni al-Za'im's Syrian coup d'état. Its success and evident popular support among the Syrian people encouraged Nasser's revolutionary pursuits. Soon after his return, he was summoned and interrogated by Prime Minister Ibrahim Abdel Hadi regarding suspicions that he was forming a...
Who questioned Nasser?
Who questioned Nasser?
[ "Who questioned Nasser?" ]
{ "text": [ "Prime Minister Ibrahim Abdel" ], "answer_start": [ 244 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-9814
5727f4fb2ca10214002d9a3e
Gamal_Abdel_Nasser
Nasser's return to Egypt coincided with Husni al-Za'im's Syrian coup d'état. Its success and evident popular support among the Syrian people encouraged Nasser's revolutionary pursuits. Soon after his return, he was summoned and interrogated by Prime Minister Ibrahim Abdel Hadi regarding suspicions that he was forming a...
What was Nasser's reaction to the questions he was asked?
What was Nasser's reaction to the questions he was asked?
[ "What was Nasser's reaction to the questions he was asked?" ]
{ "text": [ "convincingly denied the allegations" ], "answer_start": [ 398 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-9815
5727f4fb2ca10214002d9a3f
Gamal_Abdel_Nasser
Nasser's return to Egypt coincided with Husni al-Za'im's Syrian coup d'état. Its success and evident popular support among the Syrian people encouraged Nasser's revolutionary pursuits. Soon after his return, he was summoned and interrogated by Prime Minister Ibrahim Abdel Hadi regarding suspicions that he was forming a...
What did the interrogation provoke Nasser to do?
What did the interrogation provoke Nasser to do?
[ "What did the interrogation provoke Nasser to do?" ]
{ "text": [ "speed up his group's activities" ], "answer_start": [ 661 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-9816
5727f5c13acd2414000df0cd
Gamal_Abdel_Nasser
In the 1950 parliamentary elections, the Wafd Party of el-Nahhas gained a victory—mostly due to the absence of the Muslim Brotherhood, which boycotted the elections—and was perceived as a threat by the Free Officers as the Wafd had campaigned on demands similar to their own. Accusations of corruption against Wafd polit...
What group boycotted the 1950 elections?
What group boycotted the 1950 elections?
[ "What group boycotted the 1950 elections?" ]
{ "text": [ "Muslim Brotherhood" ], "answer_start": [ 115 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-9817
5727f5c13acd2414000df0ce
Gamal_Abdel_Nasser
In the 1950 parliamentary elections, the Wafd Party of el-Nahhas gained a victory—mostly due to the absence of the Muslim Brotherhood, which boycotted the elections—and was perceived as a threat by the Free Officers as the Wafd had campaigned on demands similar to their own. Accusations of corruption against Wafd polit...
What party advanced in the 1950 elections?
What party advanced in the 1950 elections?
[ "What party advanced in the 1950 elections?" ]
{ "text": [ "Wafd" ], "answer_start": [ 41 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-9818
5727f5c13acd2414000df0cf
Gamal_Abdel_Nasser
In the 1950 parliamentary elections, the Wafd Party of el-Nahhas gained a victory—mostly due to the absence of the Muslim Brotherhood, which boycotted the elections—and was perceived as a threat by the Free Officers as the Wafd had campaigned on demands similar to their own. Accusations of corruption against Wafd polit...
What were Wafd members accused of?
What were Wafd members accused of?
[ "What were Wafd members accused of?" ]
{ "text": [ "corruption" ], "answer_start": [ 291 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-9819
5727f5c13acd2414000df0d0
Gamal_Abdel_Nasser
In the 1950 parliamentary elections, the Wafd Party of el-Nahhas gained a victory—mostly due to the absence of the Muslim Brotherhood, which boycotted the elections—and was perceived as a threat by the Free Officers as the Wafd had campaigned on demands similar to their own. Accusations of corruption against Wafd polit...
What group became prominent in Egyptian politics?
What group became prominent in Egyptian politics?
[ "What group became prominent in Egyptian politics?" ]
{ "text": [ "Free Officers" ], "answer_start": [ 430 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-9820
5727f5c13acd2414000df0d1
Gamal_Abdel_Nasser
In the 1950 parliamentary elections, the Wafd Party of el-Nahhas gained a victory—mostly due to the absence of the Muslim Brotherhood, which boycotted the elections—and was perceived as a threat by the Free Officers as the Wafd had campaigned on demands similar to their own. Accusations of corruption against Wafd polit...
How long did Nasser swell the ranks of his Free Officers?
How long did Nasser swell the ranks of his Free Officers?
[ "How long did Nasser swell the ranks of his Free Officers?" ]
{ "text": [ "nearly two years" ], "answer_start": [ 751 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-9821
5727f67d3acd2414000df0ef
Gamal_Abdel_Nasser
On 11 October 1951, the Wafd government abrogated the 1936 Anglo-Egyptian Treaty, which had given the British control over the Suez Canal until 1956. The popularity of this move, as well as that of government-sponsored guerrilla attacks against the British, put pressure on Nasser to act. According to Sadat, Nasser deci...
What treaty did the Wafd government abrogate?
What treaty did the Wafd government abrogate?
[ "What treaty did the Wafd government abrogate?" ]
{ "text": [ "Anglo-Egyptian Treaty" ], "answer_start": [ 59 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-9822
5727f67d3acd2414000df0f0
Gamal_Abdel_Nasser
On 11 October 1951, the Wafd government abrogated the 1936 Anglo-Egyptian Treaty, which had given the British control over the Suez Canal until 1956. The popularity of this move, as well as that of government-sponsored guerrilla attacks against the British, put pressure on Nasser to act. According to Sadat, Nasser deci...
Who did Nasser's group try to assassinate?
Who did Nasser's group try to assassinate?
[ "Who did Nasser's group try to assassinate?" ]
{ "text": [ "Hussein Sirri Amer" ], "answer_start": [ 450 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-9823
5727f67d3acd2414000df0f1
Gamal_Abdel_Nasser
On 11 October 1951, the Wafd government abrogated the 1936 Anglo-Egyptian Treaty, which had given the British control over the Suez Canal until 1956. The popularity of this move, as well as that of government-sponsored guerrilla attacks against the British, put pressure on Nasser to act. According to Sadat, Nasser deci...
Who helped Nasser with the assassination attempt?
Who helped Nasser with the assassination attempt?
[ "Who helped Nasser with the assassination attempt?" ]
{ "text": [ "Hassan Ibrahim" ], "answer_start": [ 396 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-9824
5727f67d3acd2414000df0f2
Gamal_Abdel_Nasser
On 11 October 1951, the Wafd government abrogated the 1936 Anglo-Egyptian Treaty, which had given the British control over the Suez Canal until 1956. The popularity of this move, as well as that of government-sponsored guerrilla attacks against the British, put pressure on Nasser to act. According to Sadat, Nasser deci...
What was general Amer's political affiliation?
What was general Amer's political affiliation?
[ "What was general Amer's political affiliation?" ]
{ "text": [ "royalist" ], "answer_start": [ 433 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-9825
5727f67d3acd2414000df0f3
Gamal_Abdel_Nasser
On 11 October 1951, the Wafd government abrogated the 1936 Anglo-Egyptian Treaty, which had given the British control over the Suez Canal until 1956. The popularity of this move, as well as that of government-sponsored guerrilla attacks against the British, put pressure on Nasser to act. According to Sadat, Nasser deci...
Who was wounded in the assassination attempt?
Who was wounded in the assassination attempt?
[ "Who was wounded in the assassination attempt?" ]
{ "text": [ "an innocent female passerby" ], "answer_start": [ 608 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-9826
5727f767ff5b5019007d996a
Gamal_Abdel_Nasser
Sirri Amer was close to King Farouk, and was nominated for the presidency of the Officer's Club—normally a ceremonial office—with the king's backing. Nasser was determined to establish the independence of the army from the monarchy, and with Amer as the intercessor, resolved to field a nominee for the Free Officers. Th...
Who was nominated to the presidency of the Officer's Club?
Who was nominated to the presidency of the Officer's Club?
[ "Who was nominated to the presidency of the Officer's Club?" ]
{ "text": [ "Sirri Amer" ], "answer_start": [ 0 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-9827
5727f767ff5b5019007d996b
Gamal_Abdel_Nasser
Sirri Amer was close to King Farouk, and was nominated for the presidency of the Officer's Club—normally a ceremonial office—with the king's backing. Nasser was determined to establish the independence of the army from the monarchy, and with Amer as the intercessor, resolved to field a nominee for the Free Officers. Th...
Who was Nassir's choice to represent the Free Officers?
Who was Nassir's choice to represent the Free Officers?
[ "Who was Nassir's choice to represent the Free Officers?" ]
{ "text": [ "Muhammad Naguib" ], "answer_start": [ 332 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-9828
5727f767ff5b5019007d996c
Gamal_Abdel_Nasser
Sirri Amer was close to King Farouk, and was nominated for the presidency of the Officer's Club—normally a ceremonial office—with the king's backing. Nasser was determined to establish the independence of the army from the monarchy, and with Amer as the intercessor, resolved to field a nominee for the Free Officers. Th...
How many times was Naguib wounded?
How many times was Naguib wounded?
[ "How many times was Naguib wounded?" ]
{ "text": [ "three" ], "answer_start": [ 462 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-9829
5727f767ff5b5019007d996d
Gamal_Abdel_Nasser
Sirri Amer was close to King Farouk, and was nominated for the presidency of the Officer's Club—normally a ceremonial office—with the king's backing. Nasser was determined to establish the independence of the army from the monarchy, and with Amer as the intercessor, resolved to field a nominee for the Free Officers. Th...
What media outlet advanced the Free Officer's agenda?
What media outlet advanced the Free Officer's agenda?
[ "What media outlet advanced the Free Officer's agenda?" ]
{ "text": [ "al-Misri" ], "answer_start": [ 601 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-9830
5727f767ff5b5019007d996e
Gamal_Abdel_Nasser
Sirri Amer was close to King Farouk, and was nominated for the presidency of the Officer's Club—normally a ceremonial office—with the king's backing. Nasser was determined to establish the independence of the army from the monarchy, and with Amer as the intercessor, resolved to field a nominee for the Free Officers. Th...
In what war was Naguib wounded?
In what war was Naguib wounded?
[ "In what war was Naguib wounded?" ]
{ "text": [ "Palestine War" ], "answer_start": [ 481 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-9831
5727f8314b864d19001640d6
Gamal_Abdel_Nasser
On 25 January 1952, a confrontation between British forces and police at Ismailia resulted in the deaths of 40 Egyptian policemen, provoking riots in Cairo the next day which left 76 people dead. Afterwards, Nasser published a simple six-point program in Rose al-Yūsuf to dismantle feudalism and British influence in Egy...
In what year did riots cause the political situation in Egypt to rapidly deteriorate?
In what year did riots cause the political situation in Egypt to rapidly deteriorate?
[ "In what year did riots cause the political situation in Egypt to rapidly deteriorate? " ]
{ "text": [ "1952" ], "answer_start": [ 14 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-9832
5727f8314b864d19001640d7
Gamal_Abdel_Nasser
On 25 January 1952, a confrontation between British forces and police at Ismailia resulted in the deaths of 40 Egyptian policemen, provoking riots in Cairo the next day which left 76 people dead. Afterwards, Nasser published a simple six-point program in Rose al-Yūsuf to dismantle feudalism and British influence in Egy...
Where did British forces and Egyptian police clash?
Where did British forces and Egyptian police clash?
[ "Where did British forces and Egyptian police clash?" ]
{ "text": [ "Ismailia" ], "answer_start": [ 73 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-9833
5727f8314b864d19001640d8
Gamal_Abdel_Nasser
On 25 January 1952, a confrontation between British forces and police at Ismailia resulted in the deaths of 40 Egyptian policemen, provoking riots in Cairo the next day which left 76 people dead. Afterwards, Nasser published a simple six-point program in Rose al-Yūsuf to dismantle feudalism and British influence in Egy...
How many people were killed in the Cairo riots?
How many people were killed in the Cairo riots?
[ "How many people were killed in the Cairo riots?" ]
{ "text": [ "76" ], "answer_start": [ 180 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-9834
5727f8314b864d19001640d9
Gamal_Abdel_Nasser
On 25 January 1952, a confrontation between British forces and police at Ismailia resulted in the deaths of 40 Egyptian policemen, provoking riots in Cairo the next day which left 76 people dead. Afterwards, Nasser published a simple six-point program in Rose al-Yūsuf to dismantle feudalism and British influence in Egy...
Who did Nasser enlist to plan the Free Officer's coup?
Who did Nasser enlist to plan the Free Officer's coup?
[ "Who did Nasser enlist to plan the Free Officer's coup?" ]
{ "text": [ "Zakaria Mohieddin" ], "answer_start": [ 468 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-9835
5727f8314b864d19001640da
Gamal_Abdel_Nasser
On 25 January 1952, a confrontation between British forces and police at Ismailia resulted in the deaths of 40 Egyptian policemen, provoking riots in Cairo the next day which left 76 people dead. Afterwards, Nasser published a simple six-point program in Rose al-Yūsuf to dismantle feudalism and British influence in Egy...
What did Nasser want to end in Egypt?
What did Nasser want to end in Egypt?
[ "What did Nasser want to end in Egypt?" ]
{ "text": [ "feudalism" ], "answer_start": [ 282 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-9836
5727f8df3acd2414000df11f
Gamal_Abdel_Nasser
The Free Officers' intention was not to install themselves in government, but to re-establish a parliamentary democracy. Nasser did not believe that a low-ranking officer like himself (a lieutenant colonel) would be accepted by the Egyptian people, and so selected General Naguib to be his "boss" and lead the coup in na...
What type of government did the Free Officer's want to establish?
What type of government did the Free Officer's want to establish?
[ "What type of government did the Free Officer's want to establish?" ]
{ "text": [ "parliamentary democracy" ], "answer_start": [ 96 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-9837
5727f8df3acd2414000df120
Gamal_Abdel_Nasser
The Free Officers' intention was not to install themselves in government, but to re-establish a parliamentary democracy. Nasser did not believe that a low-ranking officer like himself (a lieutenant colonel) would be accepted by the Egyptian people, and so selected General Naguib to be his "boss" and lead the coup in na...
Who did Nasser choose to lead his coup?
Who did Nasser choose to lead his coup?
[ "Who did Nasser choose to lead his coup?" ]
{ "text": [ "General Naguib" ], "answer_start": [ 265 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-9838
5727f8df3acd2414000df121
Gamal_Abdel_Nasser
The Free Officers' intention was not to install themselves in government, but to re-establish a parliamentary democracy. Nasser did not believe that a low-ranking officer like himself (a lieutenant colonel) would be accepted by the Egyptian people, and so selected General Naguib to be his "boss" and lead the coup in na...
What was teh fate of King Farouk after the coup?
What was teh fate of King Farouk after the coup?
[ "What was teh fate of King Farouk after the coup?" ]
{ "text": [ "exile" ], "answer_start": [ 982 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-9839
5727f8df3acd2414000df122
Gamal_Abdel_Nasser
The Free Officers' intention was not to install themselves in government, but to re-establish a parliamentary democracy. Nasser did not believe that a low-ranking officer like himself (a lieutenant colonel) would be accepted by the Egyptian people, and so selected General Naguib to be his "boss" and lead the coup in na...
What did Nasser wear during the coup?
What did Nasser wear during the coup?
[ "What did Nasser wear during the coup?" ]
{ "text": [ "civilian clothing" ], "answer_start": [ 636 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-9840
5727f8df3acd2414000df123
Gamal_Abdel_Nasser
The Free Officers' intention was not to install themselves in government, but to re-establish a parliamentary democracy. Nasser did not believe that a low-ranking officer like himself (a lieutenant colonel) would be accepted by the Egyptian people, and so selected General Naguib to be his "boss" and lead the coup in na...
What day did the revolution begin?
What day did the revolution begin?
[ "What day did the revolution begin?" ]
{ "text": [ "22 July" ], "answer_start": [ 376 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-9841
5727f9b1ff5b5019007d99aa
Gamal_Abdel_Nasser
On 18 June 1953, the monarchy was abolished and the Republic of Egypt declared, with Naguib as its first president. According to Aburish, after assuming power, Nasser and the Free Officers expected to become the "guardians of the people's interests" against the monarchy and the pasha class while leaving the day-to-day ...
Who was the first president of the Republic of Egypt?
Who was the first president of the Republic of Egypt?
[ "Who was the first president of the Republic of Egypt?" ]
{ "text": [ "Naguib" ], "answer_start": [ 85 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-9842
5727f9b1ff5b5019007d99ab
Gamal_Abdel_Nasser
On 18 June 1953, the monarchy was abolished and the Republic of Egypt declared, with Naguib as its first president. According to Aburish, after assuming power, Nasser and the Free Officers expected to become the "guardians of the people's interests" against the monarchy and the pasha class while leaving the day-to-day ...
Who did Nasser want to handle the day-to-day operations of the government?
Who did Nasser want to handle the day-to-day operations of the government?
[ "Who did Nasser want to handle the day-to-day operations of the government?" ]
{ "text": [ "civilians" ], "answer_start": [ 343 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-9843
5727f9b1ff5b5019007d99ac
Gamal_Abdel_Nasser
On 18 June 1953, the monarchy was abolished and the Republic of Egypt declared, with Naguib as its first president. According to Aburish, after assuming power, Nasser and the Free Officers expected to become the "guardians of the people's interests" against the monarchy and the pasha class while leaving the day-to-day ...
Who did Nasser recruit to be Prime Minister?
Who did Nasser recruit to be Prime Minister?
[ "Who did Nasser recruit to be Prime Minister?" ]
{ "text": [ "Ali Maher" ], "answer_start": [ 387 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-9844
5727f9b1ff5b5019007d99ad
Gamal_Abdel_Nasser
On 18 June 1953, the monarchy was abolished and the Republic of Egypt declared, with Naguib as its first president. According to Aburish, after assuming power, Nasser and the Free Officers expected to become the "guardians of the people's interests" against the monarchy and the pasha class while leaving the day-to-day ...
What new name did the Free Officers take?
What new name did the Free Officers take?
[ "What new name did the Free Officers take?" ]
{ "text": [ "Revolutionary Command Council" ], "answer_start": [ 523 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-9845
5727f9b1ff5b5019007d99ae
Gamal_Abdel_Nasser
On 18 June 1953, the monarchy was abolished and the Republic of Egypt declared, with Naguib as its first president. According to Aburish, after assuming power, Nasser and the Free Officers expected to become the "guardians of the people's interests" against the monarchy and the pasha class while leaving the day-to-day ...
What law did Nasser view as the culmination of his revolutionary efforts?
What law did Nasser view as the culmination of his revolutionary efforts?
[ "What law did Nasser view as the culmination of his revolutionary efforts?" ]
{ "text": [ "Agrarian Reform Law" ], "answer_start": [ 976 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-9846
5727fb4eff5b5019007d99e2
Gamal_Abdel_Nasser
Preceding the reform law, in August 1952, communist-led riots broke out at textile factories in Kafr el-Dawwar, leading to a clash with the army that left nine people dead. While most of the RCC insisted on executing the riot's two ringleaders, Nasser opposed this. Nonetheless, the sentences were carried out. The Musli...
What group rioted at the textile factories?
What group rioted at the textile factories?
[ "What group rioted at the textile factories?" ]
{ "text": [ "communist" ], "answer_start": [ 42 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-9847
5727fb4eff5b5019007d99e3
Gamal_Abdel_Nasser
Preceding the reform law, in August 1952, communist-led riots broke out at textile factories in Kafr el-Dawwar, leading to a clash with the army that left nine people dead. While most of the RCC insisted on executing the riot's two ringleaders, Nasser opposed this. Nonetheless, the sentences were carried out. The Musli...
How many people died in the textile factory riots?
How many people died in the textile factory riots?
[ "How many people died in the textile factory riots?" ]
{ "text": [ "nine" ], "answer_start": [ 155 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-9848
5727fb4eff5b5019007d99e4
Gamal_Abdel_Nasser
Preceding the reform law, in August 1952, communist-led riots broke out at textile factories in Kafr el-Dawwar, leading to a clash with the army that left nine people dead. While most of the RCC insisted on executing the riot's two ringleaders, Nasser opposed this. Nonetheless, the sentences were carried out. The Musli...
What group supported the RCC?
What group supported the RCC?
[ "What group supported the RCC?" ]
{ "text": [ "Muslim Brotherhood" ], "answer_start": [ 315 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-9849
5727fb4eff5b5019007d99e5
Gamal_Abdel_Nasser
Preceding the reform law, in August 1952, communist-led riots broke out at textile factories in Kafr el-Dawwar, leading to a clash with the army that left nine people dead. While most of the RCC insisted on executing the riot's two ringleaders, Nasser opposed this. Nonetheless, the sentences were carried out. The Musli...
How many posts did the Muslim Brotherhood get in Naguib's cabinet?
How many posts did the Muslim Brotherhood get in Naguib's cabinet?
[ "How many posts did the Muslim Brotherhood get in Naguib's cabinet?" ]
{ "text": [ "two" ], "answer_start": [ 537 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-9850
5727fb4eff5b5019007d99e6
Gamal_Abdel_Nasser
Preceding the reform law, in August 1952, communist-led riots broke out at textile factories in Kafr el-Dawwar, leading to a clash with the army that left nine people dead. While most of the RCC insisted on executing the riot's two ringleaders, Nasser opposed this. Nonetheless, the sentences were carried out. The Musli...
What was Nasser's position on executing the rioter's leaders?
What was Nasser's position on executing the rioter's leaders?
[ "What was Nasser's position on executing the rioter's leaders?" ]
{ "text": [ "opposed" ], "answer_start": [ 252 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-9851
5727fbf84b864d1900164158
Gamal_Abdel_Nasser
In January 1953, Nasser overcame opposition from Naguib and banned all political parties, creating a one-party system under the Liberation Rally, a loosely structured movement whose chief task was to organize pro-RCC rallies and lectures, with Nasser its secretary-general. Despite the dissolution order, Nasser was the ...
What was Nasser's first title in the Liberation Rally?
What was Nasser's first title in the Liberation Rally?
[ "What was Nasser's first title in the Liberation Rally?" ]
{ "text": [ "secretary-general" ], "answer_start": [ 255 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-9852
5727fbf84b864d1900164159
Gamal_Abdel_Nasser
In January 1953, Nasser overcame opposition from Naguib and banned all political parties, creating a one-party system under the Liberation Rally, a loosely structured movement whose chief task was to organize pro-RCC rallies and lectures, with Nasser its secretary-general. Despite the dissolution order, Nasser was the ...
What did Nasser and naguib ban in 1953?
What did Nasser and naguib ban in 1953?
[ "What did Nasser and naguib ban in 1953?" ]
{ "text": [ "all political parties" ], "answer_start": [ 67 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-9853
5727fbf84b864d190016415a
Gamal_Abdel_Nasser
In January 1953, Nasser overcame opposition from Naguib and banned all political parties, creating a one-party system under the Liberation Rally, a loosely structured movement whose chief task was to organize pro-RCC rallies and lectures, with Nasser its secretary-general. Despite the dissolution order, Nasser was the ...
What was Nasser alone in supporting?
What was Nasser alone in supporting?
[ "What was Nasser alone in supporting?" ]
{ "text": [ "parliamentary elections" ], "answer_start": [ 362 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-9854
5727fbf84b864d190016415b
Gamal_Abdel_Nasser
In January 1953, Nasser overcame opposition from Naguib and banned all political parties, creating a one-party system under the Liberation Rally, a loosely structured movement whose chief task was to organize pro-RCC rallies and lectures, with Nasser its secretary-general. Despite the dissolution order, Nasser was the ...
What was Nasser negotiating in 1953?
What was Nasser negotiating in 1953?
[ "What was Nasser negotiating in 1953?" ]
{ "text": [ "British withdrawal from the Suez Canal" ], "answer_start": [ 570 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-9855
5727fcbaff5b5019007d9a2a
Gamal_Abdel_Nasser
On 25 February 1954, Naguib announced his resignation after the RCC held an official meeting without his presence two days prior. On 26 February, Nasser accepted the resignation, put Naguib under house arrest, and the RCC proclaimed Nasser as both RCC chairman and prime minister. As Naguib intended, a mutiny immediatel...
Who resigned in 1954?
Who resigned in 1954?
[ "Who resigned in 1954?" ]
{ "text": [ "Naguib" ], "answer_start": [ 21 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-9856
5727fcbaff5b5019007d9a2b
Gamal_Abdel_Nasser
On 25 February 1954, Naguib announced his resignation after the RCC held an official meeting without his presence two days prior. On 26 February, Nasser accepted the resignation, put Naguib under house arrest, and the RCC proclaimed Nasser as both RCC chairman and prime minister. As Naguib intended, a mutiny immediatel...
What two positions did Nasser assume?
What two positions did Nasser assume?
[ "What two positions did Nasser assume?" ]
{ "text": [ "RCC chairman and prime minister" ], "answer_start": [ 248 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-9857
5727fcbaff5b5019007d9a2c
Gamal_Abdel_Nasser
On 25 February 1954, Naguib announced his resignation after the RCC held an official meeting without his presence two days prior. On 26 February, Nasser accepted the resignation, put Naguib under house arrest, and the RCC proclaimed Nasser as both RCC chairman and prime minister. As Naguib intended, a mutiny immediatel...
What group protested for Naguib's reinstatement?
What group protested for Naguib's reinstatement?
[ "What group protested for Naguib's reinstatement?" ]
{ "text": [ "Brotherhood" ], "answer_start": [ 734 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-9858
5727fcbaff5b5019007d9a2d
Gamal_Abdel_Nasser
On 25 February 1954, Naguib announced his resignation after the RCC held an official meeting without his presence two days prior. On 26 February, Nasser accepted the resignation, put Naguib under house arrest, and the RCC proclaimed Nasser as both RCC chairman and prime minister. As Naguib intended, a mutiny immediatel...
What did the Muslim Brotherhood want to happen to Nasser?
What did the Muslim Brotherhood want to happen to Nasser?
[ "What did the Muslim Brotherhood want to happen to Nasser?" ]
{ "text": [ "imprisonment" ], "answer_start": [ 787 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-9859
5727fcbaff5b5019007d9a2e
Gamal_Abdel_Nasser
On 25 February 1954, Naguib announced his resignation after the RCC held an official meeting without his presence two days prior. On 26 February, Nasser accepted the resignation, put Naguib under house arrest, and the RCC proclaimed Nasser as both RCC chairman and prime minister. As Naguib intended, a mutiny immediatel...
Who did Nasser promote to armed forces commander?
Who did Nasser promote to armed forces commander?
[ "Who did Nasser promote to armed forces commander?" ]
{ "text": [ "Amer" ], "answer_start": [ 1033 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-9860
5727fd81ff5b5019007d9a4e
Gamal_Abdel_Nasser
On 5 March, Nasser's security coterie arrested thousands of participants in the uprising. As a ruse to rally opposition against a return to the pre-1952 order, the RCC decreed an end to restrictions on monarchy-era parties and the Free Officers' withdrawal from politics. The RCC succeeded in provoking the beneficiaries...
What group went on strike as a result of the turmoil?
What group went on strike as a result of the turmoil?
[ "What group went on strike as a result of the turmoil?" ]
{ "text": [ "transport workers" ], "answer_start": [ 431 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-9861
5727fd81ff5b5019007d9a4f
Gamal_Abdel_Nasser
On 5 March, Nasser's security coterie arrested thousands of participants in the uprising. As a ruse to rally opposition against a return to the pre-1952 order, the RCC decreed an end to restrictions on monarchy-era parties and the Free Officers' withdrawal from politics. The RCC succeeded in provoking the beneficiaries...
What group claimed to be leaving the political scene?
What group claimed to be leaving the political scene?
[ "What group claimed to be leaving the political scene?" ]
{ "text": [ "Free Officers" ], "answer_start": [ 231 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-9862
5727fd81ff5b5019007d9a50
Gamal_Abdel_Nasser
On 5 March, Nasser's security coterie arrested thousands of participants in the uprising. As a ruse to rally opposition against a return to the pre-1952 order, the RCC decreed an end to restrictions on monarchy-era parties and the Free Officers' withdrawal from politics. The RCC succeeded in provoking the beneficiaries...
Who was sent to Switzerland?
Who was sent to Switzerland?
[ "Who was sent to Switzerland?" ]
{ "text": [ "Mohieddin" ], "answer_start": [ 858 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-9863
5727fd81ff5b5019007d9a51
Gamal_Abdel_Nasser
On 5 March, Nasser's security coterie arrested thousands of participants in the uprising. As a ruse to rally opposition against a return to the pre-1952 order, the RCC decreed an end to restrictions on monarchy-era parties and the Free Officers' withdrawal from politics. The RCC succeeded in provoking the beneficiaries...
What nation tried to mediate between Nasser and Naguib?
What nation tried to mediate between Nasser and Naguib?
[ "What nation tried to mediate between Nasser and Naguib?" ]
{ "text": [ "Saudi Arabia" ], "answer_start": [ 947 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-9864
5727fe34ff5b5019007d9a68
Gamal_Abdel_Nasser
The crowd roared in approval and Arab audiences were electrified. The assassination attempt backfired, quickly playing into Nasser's hands. Upon returning to Cairo, he ordered one of the largest political crackdowns in the modern history of Egypt, with the arrests of thousands of dissenters, mostly members of the Broth...
What event did Nasser exploit to his advantage?
What event did Nasser exploit to his advantage?
[ "What event did Nasser exploit to his advantage?" ]
{ "text": [ "assassination attempt" ], "answer_start": [ 70 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-9865
5727fe34ff5b5019007d9a69
Gamal_Abdel_Nasser
The crowd roared in approval and Arab audiences were electrified. The assassination attempt backfired, quickly playing into Nasser's hands. Upon returning to Cairo, he ordered one of the largest political crackdowns in the modern history of Egypt, with the arrests of thousands of dissenters, mostly members of the Broth...
To what group did many of the arrested dissenters belong?
To what group did many of the arrested dissenters belong?
[ "To what group did many of the arrested dissenters belong?" ]
{ "text": [ "Brotherhood" ], "answer_start": [ 315 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-9866
5727fe34ff5b5019007d9a6a
Gamal_Abdel_Nasser
The crowd roared in approval and Arab audiences were electrified. The assassination attempt backfired, quickly playing into Nasser's hands. Upon returning to Cairo, he ordered one of the largest political crackdowns in the modern history of Egypt, with the arrests of thousands of dissenters, mostly members of the Broth...
Who avoided a death sentence in favor of 15 years in jail?
Who avoided a death sentence in favor of 15 years in jail?
[ "Who avoided a death sentence in favor of 15 years in jail?" ]
{ "text": [ "Sayyid Qutb" ], "answer_start": [ 497 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-9867
5727fe34ff5b5019007d9a6b
Gamal_Abdel_Nasser
The crowd roared in approval and Arab audiences were electrified. The assassination attempt backfired, quickly playing into Nasser's hands. Upon returning to Cairo, he ordered one of the largest political crackdowns in the modern history of Egypt, with the arrests of thousands of dissenters, mostly members of the Broth...
Where did Naguib end up after the turmoil?
Where did Naguib end up after the turmoil?
[ "Where did Naguib end up after the turmoil?" ]
{ "text": [ "house arrest" ], "answer_start": [ 603 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-9868
5727fe34ff5b5019007d9a6c
Gamal_Abdel_Nasser
The crowd roared in approval and Arab audiences were electrified. The assassination attempt backfired, quickly playing into Nasser's hands. Upon returning to Cairo, he ordered one of the largest political crackdowns in the modern history of Egypt, with the arrests of thousands of dissenters, mostly members of the Broth...
Who assumed total control of Egypt?
Who assumed total control of Egypt?
[ "Who assumed total control of Egypt?" ]
{ "text": [ "Nasser" ], "answer_start": [ 723 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-9869
5727ff0d4b864d19001641b4
Gamal_Abdel_Nasser
Nasser's street following was still too small to sustain his plans for reform and to secure him in office. To promote himself and the Liberation Rally, he gave speeches in a cross-country tour, and imposed controls over the country's press by decreeing that all publications had to be approved by the party to prevent "s...
What was too small to keep Nasser in power?
What was too small to keep Nasser in power?
[ "What was too small to keep Nasser in power?" ]
{ "text": [ "street following" ], "answer_start": [ 9 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-9870
5727ff0d4b864d19001641b5
Gamal_Abdel_Nasser
Nasser's street following was still too small to sustain his plans for reform and to secure him in office. To promote himself and the Liberation Rally, he gave speeches in a cross-country tour, and imposed controls over the country's press by decreeing that all publications had to be approved by the party to prevent "s...
What institution did Nasser closely control to prevent sedition?
What institution did Nasser closely control to prevent sedition?
[ "What institution did Nasser closely control to prevent sedition?" ]
{ "text": [ "press" ], "answer_start": [ 234 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-9871
5727ff0d4b864d19001641b6
Gamal_Abdel_Nasser
Nasser's street following was still too small to sustain his plans for reform and to secure him in office. To promote himself and the Liberation Rally, he gave speeches in a cross-country tour, and imposed controls over the country's press by decreeing that all publications had to be approved by the party to prevent "s...
Who were Umm Kulthum and Abdel Hafez?
Who were Umm Kulthum and Abdel Hafez?
[ "Who were Umm Kulthum and Abdel Hafez?" ]
{ "text": [ "singers" ], "answer_start": [ 387 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-9872
5727ff0d4b864d19001641b7
Gamal_Abdel_Nasser
Nasser's street following was still too small to sustain his plans for reform and to secure him in office. To promote himself and the Liberation Rally, he gave speeches in a cross-country tour, and imposed controls over the country's press by decreeing that all publications had to be approved by the party to prevent "s...
What phrases did Nasser use in many of his speeches?
What phrases did Nasser use in many of his speeches?
[ "What phrases did Nasser use in many of his speeches?" ]
{ "text": [ "\"Arab homeland\" and \"Arab nation\"" ], "answer_start": [ 612 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-9873
5727ff0d4b864d19001641b8
Gamal_Abdel_Nasser
Nasser's street following was still too small to sustain his plans for reform and to secure him in office. To promote himself and the Liberation Rally, he gave speeches in a cross-country tour, and imposed controls over the country's press by decreeing that all publications had to be approved by the party to prevent "s...
In what year did the RCC appoint Nasser as president?
In what year did the RCC appoint Nasser as president?
[ "In what year did the RCC appoint Nasser as president?" ]
{ "text": [ "1955" ], "answer_start": [ 785 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-9874
572800063acd2414000df1cf
Gamal_Abdel_Nasser
Nasser made secret contacts with Israel in 1954–55, but determined that peace with Israel would be impossible, considering it an "expansionist state that viewed the Arabs with disdain". On 28 February 1955, Israeli troops attacked the Egyptian-held Gaza Strip with the stated aim of suppressing Palestinian fedayeen raid...
What country did Nasser make secret agreements with?
What country did Nasser make secret agreements with?
[ "What country did Nasser make secret agreements with?" ]
{ "text": [ "Israel" ], "answer_start": [ 33 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-9875
572800063acd2414000df1d0
Gamal_Abdel_Nasser
Nasser made secret contacts with Israel in 1954–55, but determined that peace with Israel would be impossible, considering it an "expansionist state that viewed the Arabs with disdain". On 28 February 1955, Israeli troops attacked the Egyptian-held Gaza Strip with the stated aim of suppressing Palestinian fedayeen raid...
What territory did Israel attack in 1955?
What territory did Israel attack in 1955?
[ "What territory did Israel attack in 1955?" ]
{ "text": [ "Gaza Strip" ], "answer_start": [ 249 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-9876
572800063acd2414000df1d1
Gamal_Abdel_Nasser
Nasser made secret contacts with Israel in 1954–55, but determined that peace with Israel would be impossible, considering it an "expansionist state that viewed the Arabs with disdain". On 28 February 1955, Israeli troops attacked the Egyptian-held Gaza Strip with the stated aim of suppressing Palestinian fedayeen raid...
What was Nasser's reaction to the attack?
What was Nasser's reaction to the attack?
[ "What was Nasser's reaction to the attack?" ]
{ "text": [ "did not retaliate militarily" ], "answer_start": [ 400 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-9877
572800063acd2414000df1d2
Gamal_Abdel_Nasser
Nasser made secret contacts with Israel in 1954–55, but determined that peace with Israel would be impossible, considering it an "expansionist state that viewed the Arabs with disdain". On 28 February 1955, Israeli troops attacked the Egyptian-held Gaza Strip with the stated aim of suppressing Palestinian fedayeen raid...
How did the Egyptian people feel about Nasser's response to the attack?
How did the Egyptian people feel about Nasser's response to the attack?
[ "How did the Egyptian people feel about Nasser's response to the attack?" ]
{ "text": [ "a blow to his growing popularity" ], "answer_start": [ 549 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-9878
572800063acd2414000df1d3
Gamal_Abdel_Nasser
Nasser made secret contacts with Israel in 1954–55, but determined that peace with Israel would be impossible, considering it an "expansionist state that viewed the Arabs with disdain". On 28 February 1955, Israeli troops attacked the Egyptian-held Gaza Strip with the stated aim of suppressing Palestinian fedayeen raid...
What did Nasser eventually do in the Straights of Titan?
What did Nasser eventually do in the Straights of Titan?
[ "What did Nasser eventually do in the Straights of Titan?" ]
{ "text": [ "blockade on Israeli shipping" ], "answer_start": [ 633 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-9879
572800c5ff5b5019007d9abc
Gamal_Abdel_Nasser
Simultaneous with Israel's February raid, the Baghdad Pact was formed between some regional allies of the UK. Nasser considered the Baghdad Pact a threat to his efforts to eliminate British military influence in the Middle East, and a mechanism to undermine the Arab League and "perpetuate [Arab] subservience to Zionism...
What agreement ran contrary to Nasser's efforts?
What agreement ran contrary to Nasser's efforts?
[ "What agreement ran contrary to Nasser's efforts?" ]
{ "text": [ "Baghdad Pact" ], "answer_start": [ 46 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-9880
572800c5ff5b5019007d9abd
Gamal_Abdel_Nasser
Simultaneous with Israel's February raid, the Baghdad Pact was formed between some regional allies of the UK. Nasser considered the Baghdad Pact a threat to his efforts to eliminate British military influence in the Middle East, and a mechanism to undermine the Arab League and "perpetuate [Arab] subservience to Zionism...
What did Nasser feel his military needed to oppose the West?
What did Nasser feel his military needed to oppose the West?
[ "What did Nasser feel his military needed to oppose the West?" ]
{ "text": [ "modern weaponry" ], "answer_start": [ 446 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-9881
572800c5ff5b5019007d9abe
Gamal_Abdel_Nasser
Simultaneous with Israel's February raid, the Baghdad Pact was formed between some regional allies of the UK. Nasser considered the Baghdad Pact a threat to his efforts to eliminate British military influence in the Middle East, and a mechanism to undermine the Arab League and "perpetuate [Arab] subservience to Zionism...
From what country did Nasser buy arms?
From what country did Nasser buy arms?
[ "From what country did Nasser buy arms?" ]
{ "text": [ "Czechoslovakia" ], "answer_start": [ 697 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-9882
572800c5ff5b5019007d9abf
Gamal_Abdel_Nasser
Simultaneous with Israel's February raid, the Baghdad Pact was formed between some regional allies of the UK. Nasser considered the Baghdad Pact a threat to his efforts to eliminate British military influence in the Middle East, and a mechanism to undermine the Arab League and "perpetuate [Arab] subservience to Zionism...
How much money did Nasser spend on weapons?
How much money did Nasser spend on weapons?
[ "How much money did Nasser spend on weapons?" ]
{ "text": [ "US$320,000,000" ], "answer_start": [ 657 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-9883
572800c5ff5b5019007d9ac0
Gamal_Abdel_Nasser
Simultaneous with Israel's February raid, the Baghdad Pact was formed between some regional allies of the UK. Nasser considered the Baghdad Pact a threat to his efforts to eliminate British military influence in the Middle East, and a mechanism to undermine the Arab League and "perpetuate [Arab] subservience to Zionism...
How did the military relationship between Egypt and Israel change?
How did the military relationship between Egypt and Israel change?
[ "How did the military relationship between Egypt and Israel change?" ]
{ "text": [ "equalized" ], "answer_start": [ 831 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-9884
572801f13acd2414000df205
Gamal_Abdel_Nasser
Nasser mediated discussions between the pro-Western, pro-Soviet, and neutralist conference factions over the composition of the "Final Communique" addressing colonialism in Africa and Asia and the fostering of global peace amid the Cold War between the West and the Soviet Union. At Bandung Nasser sought a proclamation ...
What document was meant to resolve lingering issues of colonialism?
What document was meant to resolve lingering issues of colonialism?
[ "What document was meant to resolve lingering issues of colonialism?" ]
{ "text": [ "Final Communique" ], "answer_start": [ 129 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-9885
572801f13acd2414000df206
Gamal_Abdel_Nasser
Nasser mediated discussions between the pro-Western, pro-Soviet, and neutralist conference factions over the composition of the "Final Communique" addressing colonialism in Africa and Asia and the fostering of global peace amid the Cold War between the West and the Soviet Union. At Bandung Nasser sought a proclamation ...
From what nation did Nasser support the independence of Tunisia, Algeria and Morocco?
From what nation did Nasser support the independence of Tunisia, Algeria and Morocco?
[ "From what nation did Nasser support the independence of Tunisia, Algeria and Morocco?" ]
{ "text": [ "French" ], "answer_start": [ 441 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-9886
572801f13acd2414000df207
Gamal_Abdel_Nasser
Nasser mediated discussions between the pro-Western, pro-Soviet, and neutralist conference factions over the composition of the "Final Communique" addressing colonialism in Africa and Asia and the fostering of global peace amid the Cold War between the West and the Soviet Union. At Bandung Nasser sought a proclamation ...
What did Nasser pursue for Palestinians?
What did Nasser pursue for Palestinians?
[ "What did Nasser pursue for Palestinians?" ]
{ "text": [ "right of return" ], "answer_start": [ 482 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-9887
572801f13acd2414000df208
Gamal_Abdel_Nasser
Nasser mediated discussions between the pro-Western, pro-Soviet, and neutralist conference factions over the composition of the "Final Communique" addressing colonialism in Africa and Asia and the fostering of global peace amid the Cold War between the West and the Soviet Union. At Bandung Nasser sought a proclamation ...
What organization offered possible solutions Arab-Israeli conflict, which Nasser supported?
What organization offered possible solutions Arab-Israeli conflict, which Nasser supported?
[ "What organization offered possible solutions Arab-Israeli conflict, which Nasser supported?" ]
{ "text": [ "UN" ], "answer_start": [ 525 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-9888
572802a93acd2414000df217
Gamal_Abdel_Nasser
Following Bandung, Nasser officially adopted the "positive neutralism" of Yugoslavian president Josip Broz Tito and Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru as a principal theme of Egyptian foreign policy regarding the Cold War. Nasser was welcomed by large crowds of people lining the streets of Cairo on his return to Eg...
What political philosophy did Nasser adopt?
What political philosophy did Nasser adopt?
[ "What political philosophy did Nasser adopt?" ]
{ "text": [ "positive neutralism" ], "answer_start": [ 50 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-9889
572802a93acd2414000df218
Gamal_Abdel_Nasser
Following Bandung, Nasser officially adopted the "positive neutralism" of Yugoslavian president Josip Broz Tito and Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru as a principal theme of Egyptian foreign policy regarding the Cold War. Nasser was welcomed by large crowds of people lining the streets of Cairo on his return to Eg...
What global period was Positive Neutralism meant to deal with?
What global period was Positive Neutralism meant to deal with?
[ "What global period was Positive Neutralism meant to deal with?" ]
{ "text": [ "Cold War" ], "answer_start": [ 217 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-9890
572802a93acd2414000df219
Gamal_Abdel_Nasser
Following Bandung, Nasser officially adopted the "positive neutralism" of Yugoslavian president Josip Broz Tito and Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru as a principal theme of Egyptian foreign policy regarding the Cold War. Nasser was welcomed by large crowds of people lining the streets of Cairo on his return to Eg...
How did the Egyptian people react to Nasser after the conference?
How did the Egyptian people react to Nasser after the conference?
[ "How did the Egyptian people react to Nasser after the conference?" ]
{ "text": [ "welcomed by large crowds" ], "answer_start": [ 238 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-9891
572802a93acd2414000df21a
Gamal_Abdel_Nasser
Following Bandung, Nasser officially adopted the "positive neutralism" of Yugoslavian president Josip Broz Tito and Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru as a principal theme of Egyptian foreign policy regarding the Cold War. Nasser was welcomed by large crowds of people lining the streets of Cairo on his return to Eg...
How did the Egyptian press react to Nasser's accomplishments?
How did the Egyptian press react to Nasser's accomplishments?
[ "How did the Egyptian press react to Nasser's accomplishments?" ]
{ "text": [ "heralded" ], "answer_start": [ 348 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-9892
572803792ca10214002d9b7a
Gamal_Abdel_Nasser
In January 1956, the new Constitution of Egypt was drafted, entailing the establishment of a single-party system under the National Union (NU), a movement Nasser described as the "cadre through which we will realize our revolution". The NU was a reconfiguration of the Liberation Rally, which Nasser determined had faile...
In what year did Egypt get a new constitution?
In what year did Egypt get a new constitution?
[ "In what year did Egypt get a new constitution?" ]
{ "text": [ "1956" ], "answer_start": [ 11 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-9893
572803792ca10214002d9b7b
Gamal_Abdel_Nasser
In January 1956, the new Constitution of Egypt was drafted, entailing the establishment of a single-party system under the National Union (NU), a movement Nasser described as the "cadre through which we will realize our revolution". The NU was a reconfiguration of the Liberation Rally, which Nasser determined had faile...
What was the political party arrangement of the new constitution?
What was the political party arrangement of the new constitution?
[ "What was the political party arrangement of the new constitution?" ]
{ "text": [ "single-party system" ], "answer_start": [ 93 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-9894
572803792ca10214002d9b7c
Gamal_Abdel_Nasser
In January 1956, the new Constitution of Egypt was drafted, entailing the establishment of a single-party system under the National Union (NU), a movement Nasser described as the "cadre through which we will realize our revolution". The NU was a reconfiguration of the Liberation Rally, which Nasser determined had faile...
What was the dominant political party?
What was the dominant political party?
[ "What was the dominant political party? " ]
{ "text": [ "National Union" ], "answer_start": [ 123 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-9895
572803792ca10214002d9b7d
Gamal_Abdel_Nasser
In January 1956, the new Constitution of Egypt was drafted, entailing the establishment of a single-party system under the National Union (NU), a movement Nasser described as the "cadre through which we will realize our revolution". The NU was a reconfiguration of the Liberation Rally, which Nasser determined had faile...
From what group did the National Union originate?
From what group did the National Union originate?
[ "From what group did the National Union originate?" ]
{ "text": [ "Liberation Rally" ], "answer_start": [ 269 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-9896
572803792ca10214002d9b7e
Gamal_Abdel_Nasser
In January 1956, the new Constitution of Egypt was drafted, entailing the establishment of a single-party system under the National Union (NU), a movement Nasser described as the "cadre through which we will realize our revolution". The NU was a reconfiguration of the Liberation Rally, which Nasser determined had faile...
Who did Nasser want more involved in his new political order?
Who did Nasser want more involved in his new political order?
[ "Who did Nasser want more involved in his new political order?" ]
{ "text": [ "citizens" ], "answer_start": [ 421 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-9897
5728044f3acd2414000df24b
Gamal_Abdel_Nasser
Nasser's nomination for the post and the new constitution were put to public referendum on 23 June and each was approved by an overwhelming majority. A 350-member National Assembly was established, elections for which were held in July 1957. Nasser had ultimate approval over all the candidates. The constitution granted...
Who could approve or reject candidates for the National Assembly?
Who could approve or reject candidates for the National Assembly?
[ "Who could approve or reject candidates for the National Assembly?" ]
{ "text": [ "Nasser" ], "answer_start": [ 242 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-9898
5728044f3acd2414000df24c
Gamal_Abdel_Nasser
Nasser's nomination for the post and the new constitution were put to public referendum on 23 June and each was approved by an overwhelming majority. A 350-member National Assembly was established, elections for which were held in July 1957. Nasser had ultimate approval over all the candidates. The constitution granted...
Who received new and special protections in the new constitution?
Who received new and special protections in the new constitution?
[ "Who received new and special protections in the new constitution?" ]
{ "text": [ "women" ], "answer_start": [ 415 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-9899
5728044f3acd2414000df24d
Gamal_Abdel_Nasser
Nasser's nomination for the post and the new constitution were put to public referendum on 23 June and each was approved by an overwhelming majority. A 350-member National Assembly was established, elections for which were held in July 1957. Nasser had ultimate approval over all the candidates. The constitution granted...
What group dissolved when the new constitution was enacted?
What group dissolved when the new constitution was enacted?
[ "What group dissolved when the new constitution was enacted?" ]
{ "text": [ "RCC" ], "answer_start": [ 505 ] }